B 850,325 IFTNETI TRUTHI SE అసలు మన adiri SESS L TREN SHNA SISTERS ANNARA LE ASSISTRAL V HHHHI NTRIES UIRST Sama POSTERS SRINU Aw మరణం a TELINE SPORTS అంత Sara SOCIAL M SOR సాగాలు M General T THREE CURRah easer OF MIC JERSIT UNIV UNIVEL KCHICA 1. THA L•LIBR 12 RIES. NV SENATE. 57TH CONGRESS, 1st Session. DOCUMENT 7 No. 280. { Door een PRONOUNCING GAZETTEER 123357 GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, WITH MAPS, CHARTS, AND ILLUSTRATIONS. ALSO THE LAW OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS PASSED BY CONGRESS AND APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT JULY 1, 1902, WITH A COMPLETE INDEX. MUCIUNV TRARY PREPARED IN THE BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS, WAR DEPARTMENT. 1902. (September 30, 1902.) WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1902. Documenta 4070 Dekens la pin 11 95 95 36 Dame sien Inemor 1 3 humi Pachung , HITEC 0 1 AMOY Fbr. S "longsang Basin Knobr Butaunteropes" o Chapeur cropa Shala 3 2 Spe Rise 18,5" roughton 27 KWA NG TUNG Rondrouet* Mangalie FORMOSA Sande Pod 10 Swa-tau-ton2 Cerit -Chaman Basia MA GROUP antor B Hie-Ch... 22 36 37 38 Pescadores Islands Seastar Clie Clain ja 33 64 as a MEIACO-SIMA Tlugliang WE&C/645 Sa Rise CASTON 1822 i Int Non 225 let Black 23° of W 1 Form 36 Dinkert " Mosa Banks lay Zeiss RO sar e. ratre Blanco Lamba MS s o s0 TORTY IR 22 - Botel Tobago G KONG cr bado Tobago shut Lit B Pahldung? cialslanıls Boundary between Osmaalochin Cina 1082 Veleketer per westelle Ranga a Gade Rk bakx; 20 pont 3o all Jung mo'low Great West Ladron Bae Yuth. L **Beck Sh O Perrier BR 191 290 * Paliktung 17h444 155 Yeu V Bacher R* 290 16" 21° munn Ha Noi Gmechu 35 179 80 50 108 32 2002 ED Shoal 2 Vow Chow] stow PD , 177 160 - TONG - KIN Grille pourtanyaan 30 tow 20 600 Pratas Rf SLER-CHEW Nahulis Wer Yerli W bom sh Divyo 1:45) 32 rep1900:32 Elsie Ale 3259 1800) ide idrake) Ibayat BATAN 1550 10 IST 335 150 137 15 10 15 Srlin 1 ile 20 STRATT 3.10.10 500 Watson RI 67 Bacht long vi hutiwal 73 m eu" 26 0 pa 690 2 c LOR$75 Tin 'TONG-KING TI 1820 0 15 how Buy orn.co Hai-nan Head Towaon 329 1051 1051 100 80 104 237 St Esprit Shoal 150mah 1895 100 7,100 35 $53 Helen Sboal MTallintang 1 BALLINTANG CHANNEL Tide 20 rips WillieRk Babt Calayan BABUYAN 15 Dalupisi ngal Camiguin I Mel 22 GULF 0 32 99 2797 பயா 3* HAINA Pyrami IP Bien Shan 35 $9. 200 20 10 106 18sxhi 1490 lep|1976 Shoal 1780 202 P Mati I 67 87 2878 0 Vw 1933 150 33 Vinley 62 PDialo icgal *Deittoas R$ c a sare Th 2095 0 plona 2310 Kean Chor unWatcher 38 Enguno CBojeador y ut Sruck Ft 136 324"ny 6am 2331 Iseu or lioat I 291 Yucuk Yoga cm 129-soy B Cilili PE 18 1215 35 36 S outh Tatcher Dadna Anson Skoal Clare Reef CBom Qua no C 21. Shoal 1980 2170 1046 19 2172 32. PMiles de 28°S Estevan Candonpe 4512 litano 2000 Nivilacan B 8. 350 2350 DEPARTMENT OF NORTH PHILIPPINES Cuin lloy Abu Tiger I North Sh? 86PARACE 2190 H 170 2170 Clay GO -Soruz vos Pananan par * 20 how 59 143 204 2018 Tim, tiny 63m al 19 1002 355 1078 19262342 EWEC 9,5m Sp rise tott 950 1850 ACELAND 1890 3460 2578 1795 Lo Amphitritel 803 65 blk. 708 yo Woodyl Diáo borl. Crescent Chain 3 Lincoln I 18+ Vilure 752 Jehans 673 m 100 10 rySh 5 Bremen Bk so 556 Ihscovery" Passoo Keuh . * 110 418 o Tritou 100 Penguin Bk sa 19 55 Tagoto Macclesfield Bank Overfulls 430 Collaer 426 britu Cawstoia 1561230 42 as she Nivinisa 221 Palina) 830 636 Tumango isapt 10 50 00 Port Kae City 7039Fornando inapigui pe CH NN у PHI Water Shl 457 Jehangire Bk Co Riu Hut s Mount Lingayen. Taragtig ree 7530 C asigura bu Truro! Balinhasgy 857 ! NEDERLAND 1290 Bay 1980 1962 C.Choumdy 16 To wron h api Chan-Collan False Collaw S I AM 22 25 943) Egeria Bk Howard Shi 0 C9nWild 2159 . False 2356 660,319 Bombay Sal Cathay Sh o . Pendhin P2 1397 456 Lingayen Fiu-Fahr 10 Dazel B 3 Sabalay BK 25 . Masinglok, Dibut 38 Dibuyubuy Pt 27

Inne YANG w 4791 NANR O CHAU HONSHU A. 3,501 000 SQ.M. P. 76,295 220 (CENSUS) 1900 GRETE 07 hos AFGHANISTAN A. 215,000 SQ.M. P.4-5.000.000. TIBET 4,651,500.SQ.M. P 6,000,00d. empre P43.752 353 2 N EA JINGAN CYRUS CH WA KIMATELE V (GERMAN) S YELLOW.IES CHINA CHINNYIAN A. 1,336,841, SQP. 386,000,000 SHANGmerk CNENGTOS WANG HANKAVA ADA CHUNGKINGS TLANTIC TUNIS FRENCH 81000 100 000 MADEIRA (PORT) ASOS SOM PONOVO Autos NAGASARI KIUSHYLONYA ISINGYANS ALGERIA (FRENON) A 1874 50. PERSIA 62 000 SQM 000 000 HONEKONK, YOKOHAMA BERMUDAS TBRITISH) 1.20 SQ.M., P.14.291 (P) HANTCM ( TUMAA MOROCCO A.210,000 SQ. P5.000.000 y YANG Yeme a GALVESTON NEPAL BELUCHISE A. 130,000 SQM P.500.000 o A 147, 655 SQ.M., P ( ) 182 CNEW ORLEANS KIU - RIU-KIO WENCH FUNIN 132 0 JUPITER C E GANA (SPANISH .2,808 SQM P.291.625 A TRIPOLI (TURKIS) A. 398.900 SQM P1300 000 N BHUT MEXICO YUNAV s FINGAPORE YOKOHAMA Fu-chaus anson, der ? (T. MSHA c (C) FU-CHAUSS ( ) AMOY (TPO PUNTA NASSA ULÉ OF WEXIGE WEST (BRITISH) 1.5.450 SQL EGYPT (TURKIS) A 400.000 SQ.MP3.73405 UCHA CANTON FORMOSA .--- UNLON FERRY SZENA IRRITISH INDIA L .1086,314 SQ.M. P221.172952 MWANA RIO DE ORO (SPANIS) 4.243 000 SQM PV00 000 LENGTSZ SAN OKUMAGAD SPOT SAHARA OR GREAT DESERT TIMPICO HONOLULIL.. esi. HAWAIIAN 18 WAPANESE) Aswrow nyo KWANGUNGKONG BRITSE 51.13,458 SQ.M. P. BATANESI GHAU-WAN PENCH.. . BABUYANI ARABIA A. 173.700 SQM 050.000 Koo (U.S. CHWYCLO45EzELIU-KIURO PROPOSED U.S. CABLE FROM SAN FRANCISCO TO MANILA 34,6,449-89. M1, P.-154,001, BONRA) FRENCH مرMAIT1کمر 3696 1.36302750 WAKEN (u. 5.) MARIANNE 1 (GERMAN) P.6,300 7040 also on JE V CAPE VERDE UPORTUGUESE) JT. LOW IDA1480 SQM., 10. ARAYA RANGO Emo GUBA 1.43.400 SQ.M. P.4,572.797. VERA CRUE PORTO RICO (US) A 600 SQ.M. P 95$.243 VHONDURAS COATZACOALCOS (BRITISH) A.10.2017SAMP D. LEEWARD 13 SALINA CRUZ (BRITISH) JA. 7,562 SQ.M.,P64,747 JAMAIC A.701 SQ.M. P 127,800 GUATEMALA (BRITISH) B.BARBADOS C HONDURAS A4.200 SQM.P.639.491. WINDWARDS P. 407,209 Tema an CARIBBEAN SEA (British). SALVADOR CART 0 158459.. 355,000 7,225 89 23.2.060,10 COSTA TRINIDAD (BRITISH) A 1,868 SQ.M.P 268,957. GUAM SIAM 4.300,000 SQ.MA 2.8,000,000 $ BANGKOK CHỈNH tu ZON SEA. | WAS PHILIPPINES. U.S.)- 1520 s u A.127,853. SQ.M. P. 6,975,073. NEW 60A (PORT) A.1,390 39.M., 2.496,836 14. Very INDO CHINA 46.250 SQMS SQ.M.B279.100.1 CARIBD2 MADRA N BOSOM DEN M 33.000 P.2.500.000 50 000 SQM 1.000.000 HAY OF BENGAL 0.5 A.,32 MILES LONG, 100 MILES IN CIRCUMFERENCE P. 9000. MARSHALL IS. (GERMAN GAMBIA (AUTISME FRENCH SOUDANS 1.69,34 M 14,300 SATVRST (FRENCH) GUINEA PORNO A 300.000 SM P2,500 000 NIGERIA (BRITISH) OBOCKOR WRIGA MONARY 1.28,000 SQM 29 SOMALILAND CEYLON (BRITISH) 4,25,333 SQ.M., 78,009,46/ 3000 DAHOMEY 73 882 000 SX MINDANAO GOLOMBO giatan . BONHAMI. (GERMAN) WARAMARIBO CAYENNE ...399 PRENANG VENEZUELA 1.593,943 SQ.M'.109,08pson P 2,323,527 2.278,32 COLOMBIA BRITIS! DUTCH FRENO BUENAVENTURA V GUMANA 146,85259 nez.710 A.504.773 SQ.M. P. 3,878,600 SIERRA LEONE (BRITISH) 000 SQ.M.P74, 855 11.14,360 SQ.M. P1068,000 (BRITISH GOLD COAST 150000 56 23,500 000 BRI A4-6 060 ND RES SE STRAITSISETTLEMENTS 1,472, SQM.,P512,342 Y P175,000,- 31, 106 SQM AN SOMALLAN 65.169 IVORY Dob V FANNING IS CHRISTMAS IS. (BRITISH GILBERT 1$. (BRITISH) A.166 SM. 235,200. SINGAPORE A 4500.000 SQM R 250.000.000 FRENCH Alisi.180 3M LAGOS CONGO 7 .570.000 ANES 000 SQM IS 000 000 NorSTKAMERUN SERMAN) FERNANDO POD KAMERUN (SPANISH PRINCES CORSICO BAY (PORTU ST. THOMAS (PORTUGAL ANNABON CONGO FREE STATE A. 300.000 sam. 230.000.000 FOOLDU 1OOS BRITISH EAST AFRICA 1000000 SOM TALEN SOM 20- CE SOMATRAN BORNEO ad (DUTCH) (DUTCH) JOELDES DAYCH) E A SY ON D3VE Sporna TOIAMRUTCH JEAST INDIES A 736,400 SAP 34,199,708 QUIL EQUADOR A.120,000 SQM IP. 1.271.861 MARANNAO CEARA SEYCHEL CHAGOS ISLA DS 09 BISMARK ARCHIPELAGO (GERMAN VNEW GUINEA (DUTCH) (GERMAN) 4.70,000 SQ.M. (BRITISH) SOLOMON (GERMAN A.109.000 80.44, 286,222 MAAFURA STAVI PERNAMBUCO DIEGO GARCIA (BRITISHO (BRITISH A.8,375 SQ.M. JAVA OUTCR) MARQUESAS IS. FRENCH 4S.CRUZ ASCENSION (BRITAHI A353k 2400 PERU CALLAO WA.695.720 SQM P4,609,999 PORT DARWIN BRAZIL A.3.209.878 SQ.M. P.14, 339.915 GULA SAWAILL. SAMOA N DLA N o C E A NE COONTON CARPENTERI NORTHERN NORMAN TON NEW HEBRIDES 986.000 sex. BRITISH CENTRAL ORIC 120.000 A. 60.000 SQM P85.000 MOELEN ELENA (.3 (ENGLISH FRENCH BROONE INDU 44) UPOLU LOMA TÚTULK MANUA.I. U.S FIST IS (BRITISH) 1.8 045 P128.188 FRIENDLY IS COMOTO LE 545 TERRITORY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA QUEENSLAND. A. 3,175.840 SQ.M.P 5.009,281. (INCLUDING TASMANIA) TUAMOTUS. SOCIETY 15 TAHIT (FRENCH) (FRENCH A. 1,520 SQ.M. P 29,000 INCLUDING ALL OTHER ISLANDS, BELONGING TO FRANCE IN OCEANIA MADAGAS BOLIVIA A.567.430 SQ.M. 22.019.579 LOYALTY IS. REUNION 2 0 WESTERN WS NEW CALEDONDAS (FRENCH) 700 SQM. P5000 (INCLUDING DEPENDENCIES) RIO DE JANEIRO NOUMEA TOFAUSTA PARAGUAY A 98.000 SQM P 600.000.! GERMAN S.W. AFRICA BRITISH SOUTH AFRICA A. 322.450 SM A.750.000 sex P200,000 26,000.00 VANOPNUND WALISH BAYU I BECHUANALA DAFRICA (oris (BRITISH) har A 450 $94 P 900) 215.000 56 REPAudi 200 000 PORTOGUES * 30 000 so TANTOS AUSTRALIA CALDERA STA GATHERINE ROSA 290.000VA Laro AUSTRALIA. 11 SOUTH COOLCARNE AUSTRALIA A T L Α Ν Τ Ι PLA SERENA NOLLOT NEW SOUTH KERMADEC IRIO GRANON for WALES. SYDNEY ARGENTINA воал т н P A coFit ocЕА N . ONY PE 153 SQM PUBBO OOO YALGO URUGUAY 4.72.100 SQ.M.840115 MITO A.1 319,247 SQ.M. P.3,954 911 MOA UCITORA CAZAND По с E A N BOURN CONCEPOI OW CHILE! A.290829 SQM 1.2.2.712,145. USB INSTON CKSTON TASMANI NEW ZEALAND ef S (BRITISH) A 104 471 SQM. P 786,500 ber CPO CHATAM IS (BRITIS MCIGAZ STEWART Borgung FALKLAND IS. (BRITISH) NOTE. FALKLAND IS & S. GEORGIA 17500 SQM P2.050 $OUTH GEORGIA (BRITISH) RRA DEL FUE60 A. AREA (IN SQUARE MILES). COLOR KEY FOR COLONIES. UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM GERMANY YOUU we FRANCE SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CONNECTIONS . She submarine Selegraph commechone that are marked with bellera resent the lelegrapke cables that are owned and operated by sovereign alale, those that are marked veibo numbero reprezent ko. legrapelo cables Ilal are noned and operated by prasate companico Gouuenmenlo. Swale Companies. A.Xustria 11. DIRECT SPANISH TELEGRAPH COMP'Y 14 THE COMMERCIAL CABLE COMPY B. Belgium 2 HALIFAX AND BERMUDA CABLE COMPY 15 BRAZILIAN SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH C BR. Great Barilain 3 SPANISH NATIONAL SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH 16 AFRICAN DIRECT TELEGRAPH COMPY cc. Cochin China 4 WEST AERICAN TELEGRAPH COMP'Y. CUBA SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH COMPY Elhance 5 BLACK SEA TELEGRAPH COMP'Y WEST INDIA AND PANAMA TELEGRAPH C 6. Germany 6. GREAT NORTHERN TELEGRAPH COMPY 19 SOCIETE FRANCAISE DES TELEGRAPHS GR, Sreece EASTERN TELEGRAPH COMPY 20. WESTERN AND BRAZILTELEGRAPH Cº 1. Stoly 8. EASTERN AND SOUTH AFRICAN TELEGRAPHY 21 RIVER PLATE TELEGRAPH COMP'Y 3. ผลส 9 EASTERN EXTENSION AUSTRALASIA TELC 22 MEXICAN TELEGRAPH COMPY N. Sletherlande 10. ANGLO AMERICAN TELEGRAPH COMPY 23 MEXIGAN TELEO RAPH COMP'Y R. Bwana TI. DIRECT UNITED STATES CABLE COMPY 24 CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN TEL CⓇ Imam 12. COMPANY FRANCAIS E DE TETEGRAPHEC 25 CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPY sw Sween 13. WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPY 26 EUROPE AND AZORES CABLE COMPY P POPULATION RAILROADS ON OPERATION) IN COLONIES, - SUBMARINE CABLES. --------STEAMSHIP LINES FIGURES REPRESENT DISTANCES IN NAUTICAL MILES CANAL. 17. 1 NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL W SPAIN A ITALY DENMARK RUSSIA JAPAN BELGIUM TURKEY un 110 100 130 160 150 80 160 140 100 70 LES S Doc 2.80 57 1 S GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Nearby colonial possessions of other nations. [Comparative view of territories and populations possessed by the Western nations in the regions of the globe surrounding the Philippine Islands. ] Area. Popula- tion, Sq.m. 127,853 UNITED STATES: Philippine Islands.. GREAT BRITAIN 6,975, 073 6,082, 310 112, 002 1,472 26,500 84,000 Straits Settlements. Protected native states. Borneo....... Hongkong, China a FRANCE (Indo-China) ...... 512, 342 418, 527 4, 930,000 221, 441 30 243, 240 16, 600,000 Tonkin Anam and Lou .. Cochin China. 50, 190 125, 480 67,570 7,500,000 5,400,000 3,700,000 PORTUGAL: Macao .. 30 78,000 GERMANY....... 10, 318 148, 200 Kiau Chou......... Marshall Islands. Caroline Islands Pelew Islands.... Marianas Islands. Solomon Islands. 180 158 370 190 13,000 33, 000 3,000 10, 200 89,000 420 9,000 NETHERLANDS (East Indies)...... 628,000 33, 892,000 Java and Madura.. Sumatra ...... Borneo... Celebes ....... Moluccas....... Lesser Sunda Islands 50, 500 184, 000 212, 700 71, 400 43, 800 65, 600 25, 700,000 3,450,000 1,180,000 1,998, 000 400,000 1,164,000 Hongkong includes 210,955 Chinese. b Seat of sphere of influence. PHYSICAL FEATURES. MOUNTAINS. In general the physical structure of the Philippine Archipelago as to mountains belongs to the succession of lofty ranges of volcanic origin which form the circuit and watersheds of the Pacific basin of the earth's surface. While the larger islands have defined systems of their own, by means of su these are bro ht into har- mony with the general mass of the archipelago. Mount Irada, 3,667 ft. in height, in Batán of the Batanes, and Camiguín, 2,793 ft., in Babu- yanes, are the outlying summits of the Cordillera del Norte on the N. The summits of Marinduque, Burias, Masbate, and Ticao are the out- cropping of the hidden connecting ranges between the peninsula of Luzon and the systems of the Visayan group, continued in the lofty Cordilleras of Mindanao, to the SE., and with less elevation in the hills of Basilan and the larger islands of the Sulu Archipelago, to the SW. From Mindoro through the Calamianes and the long, narrow mainland of Palawan another series terminates in the Sierra Empinada, with its peak of Balábac in the extreme SW, of the possessions of the United States. - GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The mountain system of Luzon consists of 3 large ranges, the nucleus of which is the Caraballo Sur, its highest peaks being Mount Pagsán, 7,330 ft., at the intersection of the boundaries of Cagayán, Abra and Ilocos Norte, and Santo Tomás, 7,418 ft., in Union. These ranges are the Caraballos Occidentales, which runs N. and S., dividing into the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Norte, and traversing the provinces of northern Luzon W. of the Cagayán Grande River. The Sierra Madre, or Pacific coast range, begins at the Caraballos de Baler, NE. of the Caraballos Sur, and continues in a NE. trend, forming a chain from the Caraballos de Baler to Cape Engaño, the extreme NE. point of Luzón, crossing Isabela, Príncipe, and Cagayán provinces. This is the longest continuous range in the archipelago. The Mamparan branch trends toward the N. into Nueva Vizcaya. The ranges of the E. and SE. provinces, of less elevation, extend from Caraballos de Baler to the Strait of San Bernardino through the provinces of Laguna and Tayabas, thence forming the central ridge of the entire peninsula to the SE. through Ambos Camarines, Albay, and Sorsogón, culminating in the towering volcanoes of Mayón or Albay, 8,274 ft. high, and Bulusan, 5,100 ft. high, on the strait named. This range has a number of celebrated peaks fully described elsewhere. The Zambales range, starting at Cape Bolinao, the extreme NW. point of Luzón, follows closely the China Sea coast to the end of the peninsula of Bataan, fronting Corregidor on Manila Bay. Pinalobo, one of its peaks, reaches a height of 6,137 ft. The Tagaytay range traverses the Cavite and Batangas boundary, and forms, with the Maquíling, one of the systems in southern Luzon, Maquíling Summit being 4,783 ft. high. The volcano of Taal, in Bombón Lake, is part of the Tagaytay system. The mountain system of Mindoro takes its origin in Mount Halcón in the N., 8,865 ft. high, and sends out 3 ranges, the NW. terminating in Calavite Summit, the landmark of navigators passing between Mindoro Strait and Manila Bay; the E. from Lake Naújan, paralleling the Pacific coast the entire distance S.; the W. following the Mindoro Strait or W. coast to Buruncan Point, in the extreme S. The island of Negros is traversed by a high range from NW. to SE., dividing it into two parts so completely that each forms a province. The volcano of Canlaón, or Malaspina, 4,000 ft. high, is a conspicuous feature. The island of Panay has a single range from N. to S. along its entire ccurse, separating the province of Antique from Cápiz and Iloílo, and reaching an altitude of 7,267 ft. About midway it sends a spur to the E., which forms the boundary between Cápiz and Iloilo. There are many notable peaks. The island of Leyte is without mountains of importance. The system of Mindanao forms 4 distinct ranges, the E. in Surigao following the trend of the Pacific coast; the central-eastern from Butúan, on the N. coast, extending S. and forming the watershed of the great rivers Agusan on the E. and Pulangui on the W., and also the boundary between Surigao and Misamis and Lanao; the central- western range, leaving the latter at the great volcano Apo, 10,312 ft. high, follows the N. boundary of Cotabato from SE. to NW. until it intersects the W. range, which begins at Balato Point, the W. head of Iligan Bay, and takes a course SW., with Malindang, 8,697 ft., its GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. highest point, and thence the entire length of Zamboanga Peninsula, ending on the shore of Basilan Strait to rise again in the larger islands of Sulu. VOLCANOES. The distribution of the igneous rocks of the Philippine Islands indi cates the prevalence of a number of volcanic belts. When compared with those zones of subterranean activity which constitute such a dominant feature of the Malaysian groups, it becomes almost conclu- sive that the volcanic structure of the Philippine Islands must bear an important relation to that of the entire region. There are 50 volcanoes in the Philippine Islands, 20 of these being more or less active and 30 extinct or dormant, as follows: Active and solfataric volcanoes. Approximate- Name. Province. Rock.* Date of eruption. Longi- Height Latitude.' tude E. of in feet. Green- wich. 1831, 1860. Solfataric. ..... Babuyán Claro... Batanes .. Camiguin de Ba- buyanes. ........do ...... Cagua or Caua ... Cagayán... Taal ... .. Batangas .. Didica ... 19 30 121 56 18 55 121 52 192 1229 18 13 122 4 14 2 120 57 700 3, 920 1,050 Banájao or Ma- Laguna..... jayjay. Mayón or Albay.. Albay ...... 14 2 13 16 121 27 123 39 7,382 8,970 1856 to 1860. Solfatarie in 1860. Andesite b.. 1709,1715,1716,1731, 1749, 1754, 1808, 1873 Andesite .. 1730. Andesite b... 1616,1766,1800,1814, 1827, 1835, 1845, 1846, 1851, 1853, 1855, 1858, 1868, 1871, 1872 1873, 1881, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1900. 1852. Solfataric. Andesited .. Solfataric. Do. Andesite ... Andesitee .. .....do ....... Do. Do. Do. Bulusan.......... Sorsogon ..... Guirón (Biliran Leyte...... Island). Kasiboi or Casu- .....do ...... langojan. Danán Alivancia ........ Palawan Talasiquin ....... .....do ... Canlaon ....... Negros Oriental .. Magasú .......... ..do ...... Camiguín de Misamis ....... Mindanao. Macaturin, or | Cotabato Polloc, or Su- jut, or Illana. Apo or Dávao.... Dávao. Sanguil or San- .....do... gir (Balut Is- land?). Sulu.... Sulu.. 8,192 Andesite?! . 1866, 1893. ..Andesite?f. Solfatarie. 1,950 Andesiter .. 1871, 1875. 1765,1856, 1865,1871. 7 36 124 26 7 5 3 25 125 125 17 19 10,311 | Andesiteh.. Solfatarie. 3,117. 1641. 16 5 1 120 58 Basalt?!.... 1641. a The queries indicate that the composition of the volcano is inferred from specimens collected near it, but not on it. bOebbeke. d Abella. 1 Becker. h Velain. cy. Drasche. e Roth. & Renard. 1 Uncertain. 10 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Extinct or dormant volcanoes. Approximate- Name. Province. Height in feet. Rock. Latitude. Longi- tude. 120 55 120 Trachyte? Andesite.b 120 O 16 57 15 13 15 9 14 43 14 31 14 23 14 13 14 20 120 120 120 121 121 7, 364 2,880 6,050 4,376 4, 678 640 2,270 1,519 3,724 5, 288 Andesite? Andesite? Andesite, dacite.. Andesite? Basalt. Basalt.d Basalt? Andesite? Talim .......... . NOON. Andesite? 2.500 Andesite? 5,092 Andesite, a 3.451 Data..... Lepanto... Arayat ... Pampanga Pinatubo. .....do.. Butilao................. Bataan. Nagouliat or Mariveles.l.....do ... Corregidor .....do... Pico de Loro ... Cavite.. Rizal. Maquíling.. Laguna Cristóbal ... .....do ........ Malarayat and Soson Batangas cambing. Tombol. .....do... Ambil. Mindoro... Loboo.. Batangas ...... Labo... Ambos Camarines (Norte). Colasi ....do....... Isarog ... Ambos Camarines (Sur). Iriga .......... ...do.. Malinao ............. Albay .. Masaraga..... Pocdol or Bacón. Sorsogon Mainit or Sapongan .. Surigao. Cotabato or Taviran.... Cotabato Cagayan de Sulu ....... Balábac Magolo...... Dávao ....... Matutum........ ....do. Malibató ... .....do ...... Butulan or Sarangani.. l.....do... Balut or Sarangani... Andesite. Andesite.d 6,450 ,976 Basalt and andesite, a Basalt. 4, 442 Basalt. .do.... 9 7 1,115 TOTOO... 28 6 59 19 11 125 124 118 125 125 SO 3,117 av. Drasche. Oebbeke. Becker. a Roth. MINERAL SPRINGS. The islands abound in minero-medicinal waters, of temperatures from cold to thermal of all degrees to boiling. Of these 50 have been analyzed in Abra, Albay, Ambos Camarines, Bataan, Batangas, Ben- guet, Bulacan, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Lepanto, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Rizal, Tárlac, and Tayabas, in Luzón; Cebú in Visayas, and Cotabato in Mindanao. Besides these 117 are well known, but not analyzed, in all parts of Luzón, Mindoro, Marinduque, Sámar, Calamianes, Panay, Leyte, Cebu, Negros, Bohol, Panglao, Siquijor, and Mindanao. The medicinal properties and curative effects of these waters are well known and patronized among the natives, their properties being: SULPHUR, at Aparri, Cagayán, Luzón, and many other localities, rivaling, according to analyses, the celebrated springs of Arkansas and Virginia in the United States, Eaux-Bonnes and Aix-la-Chapelle in Prussia, and Harrowgate in England. SALINE, at Mariveles, in Bataan, opposite Manila, and other points, containing salts of lime, magnesia, soda, iron, iodine, and bromine, equaling Saratoga, United States; St. Catherine, Canada; Kissingen in Bavaria, and Wiesbaden in Hesse-Nassau, Prussia. ALKALINE, the celebrated springs at Tivi in Albay, Pásig in Rizal, near Manila, and in many of the islands, containing salts of soda, potash, lime, magnesia, lithia, and other properties equaling Vichy in France and Heilbrunn, Germany. PURGATIVE, at Dáet, Ambos Camarines and Los Baños, Laguna, 35 miles by lake from Manila, the most famous of all and the resort of 1190 1289 119 1200 120 19 121 120 12° SIGNOS Volcanes activos Volcanes nu activos 2522 uthur en metros 2000 Volcan dela /ºZabarven 0-50 metros 19 50-100 100-500 500-1000 1000-2000 de Alto de C old Mivaresocar CD Meilkuluebrate 1783Bunungen Art: Volen 105 2) Puto24384858oo Moresta 151 91 745 1910.jw.louni 2387233 MDN A MAP OM Butuan Ludesta OF THE so 1300 More PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Pada calon MA 200 Mata 1737 1300 pati 20 m doses OF THE Portayuan mambattre ubular PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 1621 Dilun 167 Blumaca stuk SHOWING THE RELATIONS AND Millal Migreb Lugsen Mrangbou 280 M.Dalemden DEVELOPMENT OF ITS MOUN- 3720 M Solarsa, logo TAIN AND DRAINAGE Corobalioso 2006 SYSTEMS. I. OCS Duo Taudavo hole Baler Blaha 8 1200 31000 M.Masurto P oSan SA Tha 1604 Sydo Approximate Scale d revet 100..50 100 200 300 nam bo Bolo con 365 1662 M. Adit ALBUMI Part 1957 Terasi M.Redon MORE Cinco Piose 2 Mlapulen 2200 CONTULOY Pico Nagabal 1425 Banen 6 m de agua Pico de lorem Price de 35/Susunda 236 S aareva00 Surou de folost satunya -- MRDWUB48 ME (773 BUVOS 3 VOLANT 1559 outlamon 60 Pabiamy 43. MDagatangan VID M AR, 1366 I BM 2 NG 200 Masini 33 M ange MASINULLO 16? Harimur 6 Tanazo Mavon vorden de liday Mayen Cabezo da Bendor 999 M alcoll - de Buries are 18 pelos Msanew s ut Maqudo jos WHE lo de Malayala 02 20 OSZ 0 M SON 28 mong mga Louy 154 77 23 95 13.673 DO din 180 Cabeedile Jablas co Molanalan Cisco 1952 Ony o pangan WEW BALONG V Bunuluyau 8 stigos de culinya Bordon Marugas 33 17 Havo 320 MX 25 DOMADOS 1. 0033 Mabao 4-12 Medidong Ming 398 orgtas Asigurari ZA Jalan 200 SORUZ W30 Today00 T amilee Mudar os thugpagon Xwendung 32 23 Mganga 31 Mototul 2050 979 Емануар Wally me 200 N Zlorvan 234 Resoluta mcroggen Do 1809 33 o mper) 333 Whaga Bonton 96 Mwana op tony (210 MManalajah Picode Datab Drumunu 230 VO 20 tind 656 Volununla 290562 dapat per 46 3 Mbamdubinen 12 Mialatanal Balayan DOO 24 waardor 28" * 20 Harbobo alapiels 6 296 Dalisay Pasul Cordellen 123- unuta BM latinsko ones de un m edios Inilah led de 232 232 356 card de Cangun s 2281 tandalingum Salas Bulan Shador SO 8 380 24 8961 34 100 Mystliny Malangan M Parubijan ALPres NEwan Bato 4726 29 Volon 28 VERO 2522 75 CID 26 TOPO ES Milela Matt 128 229 30 MTres Picos statin 109 Matagal 10 MI.umunta lanocobon 666 301214 DE 978442 16 BORNEO SIE Droine 30 20 120° 122 123 1248 Longitud E.del Meridiano de Greenwich GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. II thousands; the waters being strongly impregnated with, sulphate of soda, magnesium, and sulphates, as at Seidlitz and Carlsbad, Bohemia. CHALYBEATE, containing salts of iron and of arsenic, as the famous Spa of Belgium, and rivaled by the springs of Lemery, in Batangas, Luzón, and the waters of several of those of Los Baños in Laguna. RIVERS. The large islands of the archipelago have extensive fluvial systems, determined by the great mountain ranges. That of Luzon is repre- sented by 4 streams and their drainage basins. The GRANDE DE CAGAYÁN flows 165 m. N. in a direct line, its valley fronting 70 m. on the China Sea on the N. With its great tributaries the Magat, Bangag, and Siffu, and a network of smaller affluents reaching out E. and W. 97 m., it drains the enormous area of 16,000 sq. m. from the provinces of Príncipe and Nueva Vizcaya, lat. 16° to lat. 18° 30' N., or the entire NE. half of the great island. The AgNO GRANDE drains the narrow intermountain areas of Ben- guet and the central valleys of Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, and Tárlac, falling into the Lingayen Gulf. . The ABRA, receiving its tributaries from the Cordilleras of Lepanto, Bontoc, and Abra, enters the China Sea across the narrow intervening strip of Ilocos Sur. The GRANDE DE LA PAMPANGA, with the Chico de la Pampanga and a number of smaller tributaries, carries the abundant rainfall of the Caraballo Sur across the broad, fertile, and populous valleys of Nueva Écija, Pampanga, and Bulacan, and has its outlet in Manila Bay by means of an extensive network of delta channels and a score of mouths. Among the minor drainage basins of Luzón may be mentioned the Cáuit, of Ilocos, Norte; the Pásig, of Rizal; the Bícol of Ambos Cama- rines; and the Imus, in Cavite. The lakes-Laguna de Bay, draining 3 provinces, having its sea out- let through the Pasig, and Bombón or Taal, with its drainage through the Pansípit-form a distinct system between the Pacific Ocean and Manila Bay. MINDORO has 60 rivers known and the important Lake Naujan, all rising in the central range and falling into the sea, but forming no distinctive systems. SÁMAR has 26 principal rivers, all rising in the central summits and after receiving innumerable small tributaries entering the sea by the nearest fall of the land, the most important being the Lagúan in the N., Orás, Matinao, Gabasan, and Suribao on the E., and Calbiga and Bac- hao Bangahón, the largest in length and volume, on the W. PANAY, the river taking the name of that island, is one of the finest in the archipelago, comparing in volume with the Grande de Cagayan and Grande de Mindanao. It drains the basin in the N. through 5 large tributary currents. From Paintan 6 m. by land and twice that dis- tance by river, from its mouth it is upward of 340 ft. wide. The Jalaur, another fine river, drains lloílo. The Aclán, Ibajay, Sibalón, and numerous streams of less dimensions enter the sea through their own mouths. NEGROS forms 2 distinct sheds, one to the E. and the other to the W., defined by the dividing range. The DẢNAO, extending but 10 m. in direct line from the coast to its source, is 666 ft. (200 meters) wide and 15 ft. deep. 12 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The LANAO, which empties W. of Arguelles, on the N. coast, but 9 m. long, is 1,000 ft. (300 meters) wide and 20 ft. deep. The most important stream on the island, the Ilog, is the only river which penetrates the dividing range. Rising in E. Negros, it receives the Tablas from the S. and the Nitemay and its tributary, the Hilabang, from the N., entering the sea on the W. coast. The LAGASAN, another important stream, empties on the same coast. None of the many rivers of Negros Oriental has its source more than 13 m. from the coast. CEBÚ has no streams of importance except for drainage. LEYTE: The chief rivers, which are very numerous, lie on the N. and E. coasts, the Bao, emptying into Ormoc Bay, being the only one of size on that side. Lake Bito, on the E., forms a little system of its own. MINDANAO has not only the loftiest mountain (Apo Volcano, 10,312 ft.) but the greatest river of the United States Asiatic possessions. The stream which drains the central basin of the great island begins its remarkable course as the Pulangui and after a distance of 125 m. in a direct line, having received the waters of 2 large lakes, continues to the Illana arm of the Celebes Sea, a farther distance of 45 m. as the Rio Grande de Mindanao. Owing to the great bends on its way in length it is a trifle larger than the Grande de Cagayán, of Luzon, and exceeds it in volume, its great flow of water finding its outlet through 5 mouths. From its source to its mouth it has å fall of 5,000 ft., (1,500 meters), that part above Lake Lagusan in places being a tor- rent. To the lake it is navigable for gunboats. Its great tributaries are the Sanaga, Malapali, Mararagao, Malita, Tigna, Culaman, and Cabacan. AGUSAN, the second great river of Mindanao and third in the archi- pelago in length and volume, drains the basin of Surigao between its two parallel ranges and empties on the N., its main tributaries being the important rivers Simúlao, Gíbong, Ihanan, Humayan, Arganan, and Ujut. Among the other rivers of Mindanao rising to the dignity of systems are the Tagoloan, falling into Macajalar Bay; Misamis, on the N.; and Cagayán, emptying at the town of that name on the same bay. A number of rivers of less importance traverse every part of the island and irrigate its fertile soil. Mindanao is also famous for its lakes, Lanao being the center of a large Moro (Mahomedan) population, Liguasan, Bulúan, Maínit, Linao, and Panguil, the most important. CLIMATE. The climate of the Philippine Islands is temperate in the months of November, December, January, and February, the monthly mean oscillating between 25° C. and 26.5° C. It is excessively hot in the months of April, May, and June, when the monthly mean ranges between 27.50 and 28.5° C., and is intermediate in the months of March, July, August, September, and October, in which months the mean is not less than 26.5° C. nor greater than 27.5° C. * The centigrade scale represents the space between 32°, the freezing, and 212°, the boiling point, of the Fahrenheit scale, divided into 100 equal parts or degrees; the freezing point, 32° F., is therefore 0° centigrade, and the boiling point, 212° F., is 100° centigrade. See Table of Temperature (Fahrenheit compared with centigrade), p. XIV. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 13 According to these variations of temperature, the year is divided into three seasons: (1) Dry and temperate (November, December, Jan- uary, and February); (2) hot (April, May, and June), and (3) interme- diate (March, July, August, September, and October). The following figures represent the mean monthly temperatures in Manila for a period from 1883 to 1898: °C. °C. 25 July... January ..... 27.1 February 25.4 | August ..... 27.1 March 26.9 September ... 26.9 April. 28.3 | October...... 26.9 May.. 28.5 | November .. 26.1 June .. ... 27.8 December 25.2 The mean annual temperature for the same period: °C. °C. 1883 26. 6 1891. 26. 8 1884. 26. 2 1892.. 26.9 1885 26.7 1893.. 26.6 1886 26. 6 1894 26.6 1887 26. 6 1895. 26.7 1888 26. 9 | 1896 26.8 1889. 27.4 1897.. 27.4 1890. 26.6 1898. 26.8 The annual variation of temperature is not uniform in all the archi- pelago, being less in places nearest the equator. Thus the amplitude of annual oscillation is 5.3° in Aparri, 3.5° in Manila, 2.9° in Albay, 2° in La Carlota (island of Negros), 1.3° in Zamboanga, and only 0.7. in Sulu (Joló). It can be stated, however, as a general law, that the lowest temperatures in all the archipelago belong to January or Feb- ruary, and the highest to May or June. Atmospheric pressure. The barometer reaches its greatest mean height in the month of February. It descends at almost the rate of 1 mm. a month from February to March, from March to April, and from April to May. It continues its descent from May to July, when the lowest average of the whole year is reached. A slight rise is noted in August, after which it again descends a little in September, although the mean height for this month is somewhat greater than that of July. Finally, the monthly average increases without interrup- tion from October to February. "The mean annual oscillation of the barometer, or the difference between the maximum monthly average of February and the minimum of July is 4.02 mm. The annual aver- age is 759.31 mm. Humidity. The same humidity is usually noted in April. It increases during May and July, diminishes somewhat in August, again increases in September, when the maximum is reached, and then begins to diminish gradually and without interruption from October until April. Rains.—The maximum of days of rain is during July, August, and September, and the minimum in February and March. From the maximum rainfall observed in the first-named 3 months mum in the last-named 2 months, the number of rainy days gradually diminishes; and the number of rainy days increases gradually from the minimum in February to the maximum in July. On account of this distribution of rain, 2 seasons are recognized in the Philippines, namely: The dry season, which lasts from November to May, inclu- sive (7 months), and the humid or rainy season, the epoch of rain, 14 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. which continues during the other 5 months, from June to October, both inclusive. This division, however, can only be applied to the interior, and principally to the occidental coasts of the archipelago, but not to the oriental regions. In the E. coasts the season from November to May is distinguished by much precipitation, and the season from June to October is far from being as wet as on the W. coasts. Winds. The prevailing wind is from the SW. from May until Octo- ber, from November to January from the N., and during the other 3 months, February, March, and April, from the E. The same fre- quency of the N. and NW. winds occurs in February and October, and that of the S. and SW. winds in the months of November, Decem- ber, and January. May is the month of the veering of the winds from E. to those of SW., and October is the month wherein they change from SW. to those of the N. Cyclones are frequent in the months of July, August, September, and October. Continuous currents of wind and showers of rain from the third quadrant, known as “collas,” occur in the months of June and July. Clouds.-The number of clouds increase progressively from the month of April until August, the cloudiest month, when they begin to diminish until April, March being the clearest month of the whole year. The weather bureau of the islands, established May 22, 1901, has installed at the following points observations, which are regularly for- warded to military authorities and inspectors of customs daily: Station Class. Longi- Latitude tude E. N. a Altitude. Date of foundation. 5.1 121 33 120 26 120 120 120 122 18 16 16 16 15 28 34 28 4 22 Feet. Meters. 19.61 6 16.7 4,783 1, 458 15.4 91.81 First. Rain station, First.. .do... Second .. .....do... .....do First...... .....do ..... ..... do ..... Second Sept., 1901. Aug., 1901. Aug., 1900. June, 1901. Sept., 1901. Do. 28 11 Aparri .... San Fernando Baguio.. Dagupan.. San Isidro Cápiz ... Tacloban Ormoc ... Iloilo .... Cebú..... Maasin.... Tagbilaran.. Surigao ..... Butuan. 35 4.5 Do. 14.7 13.2 13.2 24.5 ...do. Third. Second 16.4 Aug., 1901. Do. Oct., 1901. July, 1901. Sept. (non- Official). Zamboanga .. First........ 122 * Approximate. b Above mean sea level. PHILIPPINE SEAS. The coast line of the Philippine Islands is stated at 11,444 m. The interisland waters within this line are comparatively shallow, rarely exceeding 500 fms., and averaging about 75 fms. In the Bachi channel the N. boundary waters of the archipelago and the main thoroughfare of commerce between the Pacific Ocean and China Sea, the deepest soundings noted off Y'Ami (Batanes group), the E. landmark of entrance, is 100 fms. Balingtang, the parallel channel to the S. between the Batanes and Babuyanes groups, is equally shallow, the greatest depth on general charts being 150 fms., indicating a submarine plateau con- necting the Philippines with the archipelago of Japan, through For- mosa and the Liu Kiu and Linschoten chains. The waters off the N. shore of Luzón range in depths from 41 to 100 fms. or less. From Dingala Bay, Pacific coast of Luzon, on the parallels of 15° to 15° 20' GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. NE., a line of soundings (meridian 121° 20' E.) begins at 103 fms. 10 m. off the coast, deepening to 3,260 fms. (19,560 ft.) at lon. 127° 30' E. On the S. the hydrographic conditions of the N. are substantially repeated in the Célebes and Sulus seas. The former, however, shows great depth, 1,853 to 2,760 fms. in the center, shallowing to 140 fms. toward the Célebes chain on the E., which connects that group with Mindanao (Dávao), and shallower toward the Sulu Archipelago on the W. These patches of land form a continuous chain between NE. Borneo and Zamboanga (SW. Mindanao). The Célebes and Sulu waters mingle through the straits of Basilan, Sibutu, Alice, and a score less spacious and rarely exceeding 60 falling to 6 fms. depth. The Sudu Sea between the Sulu Archipelago on the E. and Balábac, Palawan, Calamián, and Busuanga, the visible landmarks in the hidden range on the W., between NW. Borneo and Mindoro, is a shallow body of water averaging from 50 to 250 fms. The Mindoro (Apo) and Balábac straits, besides several small intermediate channels through which pass the interchanging waters of this and the China seas, rarely reach 50 fms., except in the Mindoro Strait, where 1,000 fms. depths occur in isolated patches. These submarine chains and numerous uplifting islands, separated by shallow waters, establish the geograph- ical relations of the Philippine Islands with the great archipelago (Eastern) of Asia rather than with Oceania. The China Sea, which extends along the entire western coast of the archipelago for a distance of 50 m. offshore, seldom exceeds 50 to 300 fms., except at the entrances to Mindoro Straits, 2,210 to 2,865 fms., Verde Passage 1,339 to 1,370 fms., and Lingayen Gulf 1,123 to 1,707 fms. The Visayan Sea, taking in all the waters surrounding the many islands, large and small, under that group, ranges in depth from 20 to 360 fms., with numerous shoals and rocks submerged and awash. The Mindoro Sea, the N. waters of the Sulu, ranges from 100 to 500 fms. except among the Cuyos Islands, where it shallows below 48 fms. BAYS AND HARBORS. There are numerous gulfs, bays, coves, ports, and harbors affording nd coastwise advantages unsurpassed in the Far East. Among the larger gulfs and bays may be mentioned the following in their order of importance: MANILA, the principal bay of the archipelago, and one of the finest in the E., occupies a strategic position, in peace or war, about the center of the Western or China Sea, coast of Luzon. It is beautiful, expan- sive, and clear of obstructions, with excellent anchorage. The capital of the United States possessions in the Far East is situated on its shore, as also Cavite, United States naval headquarters in the Philippines. It is surrounded by 5 provinces. (See Manila Bay, municipalityof Manila.) SÚBic lies immediately N. of Manila Bay. It is 6 m. between heads and 8 m. inland, forming 2 safe harbors, with 7 to 10 fms., and shel- tered from all winds. LINGAYÉN, a gulf N. of Súbic Bay, on the same coast, with an entrance 20 m. wide, extending inland 31 m., and having a depth and shelter for the fleets of the world. It washes the shores of 3 provinces, and its chief landmark, Mount Sto. Tomás, to the E., is 7,418 ft. high. LAMÓN, on the N. coast of Tayabas, S. Luzon, 45 m. wide at the mouth, and 35 m. inland, with a good depth of 10 to 75 fms. well 16 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. sheltered by Polillo and other islands of some size, capable of accom- modating a large fleet. TAYABAS, on the opposite shore, 50 m. between heads and 18 m. inland, reduces the peninsula of Luzón to a narrow neck of but 5 m. from bay to bay. RAGAY, another large indentation of the S. coast, forms between the peninsula of Tayabas and Ambos Camarines, being 26 m. between heads and extending 52 m. inland. BALAYÁN, and BATANGAS, separated from it by a narrow peninsula on the S. coast of Batangas, Luzón, also afford spacious facilities for vessels of all sizes. On the same coast, SORSOGÓN, in the province of the same name, extends 19 m. inland to Sorsogon, the capital. On the opposite or Pacific shore is the expan- sive bay of, LAGONOY, which is 26 m. between heads and lies along the coast of Ambos Camarines and Albay. ALBAY is also an important bay in the province of the same name immediately S. of Lagonoy. Asid forms a deep bight on the S. coast of Masbate, 20 m. between heads and 23 m. inland. CARIGARA, on the N. coast of Leyte, is connected by means of the Janabatás channel on the strait of San Juanico, between Leyte and Samar, with the Pacific, Bay of San Pedro, and San Pablo. Sógod is an important bay on the S. coast of Leyte, 11 m. between heads and 20 m. inland. SINDANGAN, ILIGAN, MACAJALAR, and BUTÚAN on the N., and DÁVAO, SARANGANI, ILLANA, and SIBUGUEY on the S. coasts of Mindanao, are he finest of the land-locked coast waters of the archipelago. In addition to these bays are numerous well-sheltered straits afford- ing secure anchorages against winds which frequently blow with violence across these islands. Among these may be particularly men- tioned that of SAN BERNARDINO, between Luzon and Samar; the VERDE PASSAGE, between Batangas and Mindoro; DARAM, between Sámar and Biliran and Leyte; Iloilo, passing that important city; TAÑÓN, between Cebu and Negros; BALÁBAC, between that island and Borneo; SURIGAO, between Leyte and Surigao, Mindanao, and BASILAN, between the island of that name and Zamboanga, Mindanao. A number of fine bays and harbors of small dimensions form among the numerous islands adjacent to the mainland, and particularly in the Sulu Archipelago. These, and a large number of smaller harbors afford shelter and commercial facilities along the coasts of the Pacific, the Celebes, Sulu, China, Mindanao, Visayan, and Mindoro seas. A number of surveys and reconnoissances have been made and are being continued of bays and harbors. Tidal observations are being recorded, geographic positions located, and magnetic variations deter- mined, under the Manila suboffice of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The ways of communication between the provinces, towns, and yil- lages on the different islands of the archipelago are by cart road, horse trail, or footpath. On the island of Luzon, Manila is the center of a system of intercourse by highways constructed with an idea to con- SPENCER BAIRO.NICHOL: MAYON (ALBAY) VOLCANO, ALBAY, LUZÓN. A perfect cone, 8,274 feet high. APO VOLCANO, COTABATO, MINDANAO. Highest mountain in the Philippines, 10,312 feet ROCKS IN THE BUED RIVER VALLEY, ON THE BENGUET ROAD, BENGUET, LUZÓN. TRAIL BETWEEN SABLAN AND TRINIDAD, BENGUET, LUZÓN. MIRADOR (OUTLOOK) MOUNTAIN, NEAR BAGUIO, BENGUET, LUZÓN. Commands a view of Manila when the air is clear. VIEW ON THE PÁSIG RIVER, NEAR LAGUNA DE BAY, RIZAL, LUZON. THE BOTOCAN, NEAR MAJAYJAY, LAGUNA, LUZÓN. FALLS OF THE BOTOCAN, MAJAYJAY, LAGUNA, LUZÓN. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 17 tinuous lines of trade and transportation. While these lines are given in some detail in the descriptions of the provinces, among the great lines of intercourse by land may be mentioned the main highway which leaves Manila, and, passing through Bulacán and Bacolor, divides a short distance beyond the latter point, one line following the course of the Grand Pampanga River toward the NE. after entering Nueva Vizcaya, crossing to the headwaters of the Grand Cagayán River, the course of which stream it follows to the N. to Aparri on the N. coast of Luzon. At the point N. of Bacolor another main line extends in a NW. direction to Lingayen, from whence another main highway par- allels the entire N. stretch of Chinese seacoast to Cape Bojeador, the extreme NW. corner of the island, thence by horse path following the N. coast to Aparri. From these trunk lines extend branch roads, horse trails, and footpaths to the towns in the interior or into the adjacent provinces. Another main line leaving Manila to the S. parallels the coast of Laguna de Bay, making almost the entire circuit of that inland body of water. At Biñang a highway leaves the main line and extends to the SW. of the Balayán Bay on the S. coast. At Calamba another road branches off and connects Laguna de Bay with Batangas, on the bay of that name, on the S. shore. At Santa Cruz another branch road extends into Tayabas, and continues as a highway, horse path, or trail the entire length of the peninsula of SE. Luzon, terminating at Sorsogon in the extreme SE. From this central line roads, paths, or trails branch in every direction to the towns on the different bays, ports, and har- bors on the Pacific and Visayan seasides. Manila is connected with Dagupan by railroad, the only one in the island. From this point an extension is projected, paralleling the China seacoast to Laoag, the capital of Ilocos Norte, the extreme NW. province of Luzon, and another from Dagupan to Baguio in Benguet. Another line is plotted from Manila along the Pasig River and Laguna de Bay to Santa Cruz in Laguna. At Calamba a branch is proposed to connect with Batangas on that bay on the S. side. A steam tram- way extends from Manila to Malabon. In Cebu two private lines connect certain mines. All these franchises are held under Spanish grants. An expert estimate gives 1,000 m. of railroads as sufficient to meet all requirements of the islands for some years, at a cost of $35,000,000. This project includes a trunk line 600 m. through the Rio Grande de Cagayan Valley and the entire length of Luzón; an extension of the existing Manila and Dagupan Railroad to the N., along the China sea- coast provinces of Unión, Ilocos Sur, and Norte, 200 m., to Laoag, the capital of the latter; a cross-island (É. and W.) line with Manila as its starting point about 100 m.; an extension of the Manila and Dagupan Railroad to Baguio Benguet, the proposed sanitarium, 55 m., and short feeders to the main line as the productive development of the country will warrant. All the provinces of Luzon are well supplied with roads where pro- duction and trade has warranted their construction. The circuit of the entire seacoast of Negros is paralleled by a fine highway broken at short intervals by horse paths. The opposite coasts at several points are also connected by horse paths. The coast line of Cebú is also followed by highways and footpaths. S. Doc. 280— 2* 18 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Bohol has several fine roads, and all of the towns are connected by horse paths. In the other islands roads are scarce. POSTAL SERVICE. The post-office service in the Philippines is conducted by the bureau of posts of the insular civil government, with the cool with the cooperation of the United States Post-Office Department. Appropriations for its mainte- nance and the revenues derived therefrom are paid out of and into the insular treasury. All appointments in this bureau are comprehended in the terms of the Philippine civil-service acts. It has been the policy to establish regular offices, with an experienced American in charge, wherever the amount of business justified the expenditure. At the smaller military posts an enlisted man is designated by the commanding officer to handle the sale of stamps and mail. He receives no additional compensation. The mails by water are carried under the Spanish law requiring all steamers not under contract and running on set schedules to carry the mails free of charge. The mails are also carried on the Manila and Dagupan Railway and by the Quartermas- ter's Department of the Army. The postage rate of 1 cent gold per half ounce instead of 2 cents per ounce on letters to island points, adopted after American occupa- tion, is continued. With this exception, United States postage rates and conditions are in force. Total receipts from all sources, 1900-1901 $122, 832. 63 Total expenditures, 1900-1901. 159, 028. 51 Total deficit .... 36, 195.88 List of post-offices. A list of post-offices equipped for the sale of stamped paper, and to handle ordinary and registered mail, also offices with money-order facilities; corrected to May 2, 1902. Town. Province. Island. Town. Province. Island, Do. Do. Do. Do. DO. Do. Do. Ka. Do. Abucay........ Bataan .... Luzón, Legaspi.... Albay ........ Luzón. Angeles Pampanga. Do. Lingayen.. Pangasinan Aparri. Cagayán... Do. Lucena... Tayabas.......... Atimonan Tayabas... Mabatang Bataan ........... Bacolod Negros Occidental. Negros. Malolos........ Bulacán... Baguio Benguet ... Luzón. Manila....... Manila ............ Do. Balanga ... Bataán .... Masbate ...... Masbate ........ Baler.. Principe... Do. Misamisa ..... Misamis ...... Mindanao. Bangued. Abra ...... Nuova Cáceres a Ambos Camarines Batangas Batangas Do. (Sur). Bautista ... Pangasinan.. Do. Olongapoa.. Zambales.. Bayombong... Nueva Vizcaya .. Do. Orani. Bataan Do. Bone ...... Marinduque...... Marinduque Orión. ....do.. Do. Borongan .... Sámar..... Sámar. Oroquieta ... Misamis .. Mindanao. Cabagan Nuevo Isabela ... Luzón. Pásig ..... Rizal ...... Luzón. Cagayán...... Misamis... Mindanao. Pilar Bataan .... Do. Calamba ... Lagune Laguna... Luzón. Romblon... Romblon .. Romblon. Catbalogan'... Sámar... Sámar. Rosario..... Cavite.... Luzón. Cavitea..... Cavite..... Luzón. Sámal ...... Bataán .... Do. Cebu....... Cebu ..... Cebú. San Fernandoa Pampanga. Do. Cervantes ... Lepanto... Luzon. San Fernandos Do. Corregidor ... Manila Bay Corregidor. San Isidro... Nueva Ecija. Do. Cotabato.... . Cotabato .. Mindanao. Santa Cruza ... Laguna.. Dagupan ..... Pangasinan Luzón. Sorsogon ... Sorsogon .. Do. Dinalupijan... Bataan... Sulu (see Joló). Dumaguete... Negros Oriental ... Negros. Taal. Batangas. Hermosa ...... Bataan.. Luzón. Tacloban. Leyte..... Leyte. Nagan..... Isabela Do. Tagbilaran. Bohol ...... Bohol. Iloilo... Iloilo Panay, Tanauan Batangus. Luzón. Joló (Sulu)... Sulu. Vigans Ilocos Sur Do. Laguan. Sámar. Virac... Catanduanes Laoag .... Ilocos Norte Luzón. Zamboanga... Zamboanga ....... Mindanao. Unión .,.:: Do. Do. Do. Sámar .. Albay ... • Denotes money-order offices authorized to issue and pay money orders. 100 110 120 130° 140° 150° 160° 170° 180° 170° 160° 150° 140° 130 120 110° 100 90° 801 70 TAK STUUR UNALASKA C. Shipunsko - PORT TOWNSEND / 1686 QUEEN CLARLOTTE Near so ALE UTTAN ISLAS Irkutsik aska nina pavlovsk Alexandrovsk SAN FRANCISCOU / Quesg Charge A D. Ale androvh Ra Andreanof C. Lopatka soia PORT TOWFISEN 50 Beykouskone (SAKHALIN I SK 50 onite 2035 New Westminster- 33 Whatcom S997 N FRANCIS P. Torstand' Seattle SUE Tacoma Duluth Quebes VRIL ISLAN KOHAMA TO SAN FRANCISCO 4525 Montreal Astostia Vancouver pag und SAN YOKOHAMA TO PORT TOWNSEND TOWNSEND 424 TOWNSEND 5920 MANILAN FOTO PORT TOM MANILA TO SAN FRANCISCO MANU SYN Prime Toronto DUTON SHOKUSH Vladiyostok Bemuro rera Belfast Portland ORO Albay Beach SVERPOOL TO CUTA ο Η Ι Ν Ε S Ε . 1071082 Esas - Milwaukee Chicago PORE 7531 kodate CISCOP TOWNSEND 775 Detront Toledo Niuchwang SI Newbext. 586 best Fokus NOLULU - SITKA s Emreka o ng Fashinoha New York Pittsborg Baltimore PEKIN Tents Kamaishi PORT TOWNSEND OF LAPAN Aktig Sakata Denver Salt Lake čity UNITED STATES St. Louis Vostock 4575, TO SHANGHAI 5625, TO HONGKONG 6 65. 25. TO HONGKONG 6165. TO SINGAPO MOIN Cincipna WASHINGTON w Senda sou MO aland MIOWAY 15.- SAN FRANCISCoacOS S. Jose PORT TOWNSEND TO YOKOHAMA 4575 way is BONOLULU 2 Newport News rura Cheto "WHANG Mito HONSHUI TOKYO r_ Ndipoll ANCISCO TO YOKOHTI 791. TO HONGKONG 638 AN Ε Μ Ρ Ι 19.2 Β Ε. S. Luis Obispo Kobe) ta Barbara 2802 2602 Wilmington YOKOHAM laki BETY ochi YOKOHAMA TO HONOLULU MIDWAY 13, 2245 PORT TOWNSEND NEW YOR SHAVNA SOKOHANA STUS goshim SEAMNA Shanghai AND PORCIO Mobile ) P. Royal Chaplesto vacola Savanych St. Marks W YORK New Orleans udain 30 20 HONOLULU - UNALASKA 2016 YOKOHA 5 HONOLULU TO YOKOHAMA 3446 Galveston Hus 2 HONG KONG TO HONOLULU 917 Guayatas MIDWAY IS SAN FRANCISCO - HONOLULU 2100 Flock port LOWER CALIFORNI KONG - YOKOHAMA BONIN TELES . FRANCISCO RANCISCO - MAZAC M EX -SJUAN 672 STHTHOMAS Fachau 37. WING XOMON Brownsville Matamoras Behung - JUAN 1270 ST. THOMAS 13 OF MEXICO FERNANDINA - S JUA VOLCANO IBLES Amoy Cantong Swat HONOLULU G. OF CALIFORNIA HONOLULU - SAN DIEGO_2280 GUAM 1342 SINGAPORE-YEK OKAM NOHAV - GUAN | Auping PORMOSA Takane wanfu MASAKI 48 Mazatliun ORLEANS-V.CRUZ SES so 135 YOKOHAMA-SYDNEY_33902 Tarapico 110 kuchan GUAN HONOLULU TO HONGKONG 4961 o ng AVAILA HARIS ACAPULCO - HONOLULU 3310 SAN FRANCISCO - LEVUKA 466 San Blas fong chuy 3 Kinngchan itone HONGKONG - GUAN HONGKONG - APIA 4868 MEXICO Sticks orgreso Sisal kes Campeche Carmen Text Belize 700 - HONOLULU 4665 CHINA AM 160 KGUAN 14 SA parti SUAM'S HONOLULU 333 - YOKOHAMĀ 4072 YOKOHAMA - JAMESTOWN H8193 HAITI . Saved N o MANILA - GUAM 1750 1823 Coatzacoalcos S. FRANCISCO Bobha LUZON Wangyen RITO - HONOLULU 2 Cortex DRONE IS - JANESTOWN HR2602 S YO NIR Quangamo/ 4+ HONOLULU 4777 Daet HONOLULU GUAM BRITO900 7506 TOS MANILA GARIBBEAN SEA ANGKOK HONDURAS TECUCIGAT NICARAGUA Albay 0979NOKINOHO 8922 Oord oond 0988 ON7xon_ ALON S. FRANCISCO PAN SAN FRANCISCO - APIA 4160 CAPUZCO - PANA ALVADOR РНО COLON ST THOM3601 II/ S Blue Greytowa INE КА S810T PELEW 1020 - GUAM 710 SL01 % SYWISIMH3-17070NOH TO JALAN - HONOLULU 2445 HONOLULU - BON HAM IS. 2098_ (COSTA GULF N DIEGO 9ELZ TUNA37 - 07N7ONOH amon Charity Pau Mcqui Warta Hiphymy 10 Cabello 3 CARACAS SULU Moracaibo MINDANAO Kuda MARSHALL IS ELEWIS VENE z Ol HONGKONG-LEVU KA 45739 Jamestow NO LOSQSgondaks G.of Davao BONRA CAROLINE IS AN ERANCISCO - TAHITI 3658 COLOMBIA HONOLULU SAN FRANCISCO-CALLAO 40/ Br mi ELEB NGAPORE APIA JAMESTOM NA AM - APIA 3097 SEA BOGOTA Buenaventura CALLAO - HONOLULU 514 SANDAKAN 1000 ALAN- wanda dang OS Sadong Sarawak BORNEO GILLOLO ACAPULC Te RT IS Esmeralf A oma QUITO) ontalo Bondes 2389 LER BUR AÇARULCO - TAHITI 3608 Banjermans 2128 Ice Sta Elena РНО Guayaquil ECUADOR Meoko Hor APIA - BRITO 5320LACAPU 9914 NOLIN1773M-N7N7ONOHo5 Makass Amboin SYDNE PAPUA YOKOHAMA-LEVUKA Paithe - TAHITI WYR PANAMA E APIA 5739 Telok Be a Dobbo Grosse OR SO OLOMON ANAM SINGAPORE KA 17070NOH O. W POMIES Treasury I SORES Arruls NEW GUINEA Timor Laimon ARAFUTA Thursday 1.SAYTON op Toe TØRRES STR: NOUMEA NIO MARQUE AS IS тимов fropang 3910 PERU Ranju TA.CRUZ osič vidy 5399 SIMIN PATA 00 ESD 2100 LIMA o Candte R. Palmerston Moretono Yam Cp GULP OF Katherine CARPENTARIA SANDALW LEVIK Soktown TAHITI - APIA 1308 CMZINYLE 1800.OR K.SE FIJI SINGAPORE - KING GEORGE $D. 2470 QRRES STR:- AUCKLAND 2370 SOCIE NCISCO LOW ALLAO - TAHITI 4205 Derbs Galras VUKA-APLA 650 PAITA - TAHITI 4126 Mollendo CB 0 L Burketown Kimberly Bro01 beardwell YUGO 706 HEBRIDES WIFRECUM Nówhyville 25 VALPARAISO - HONOLULU 591 RDA Pag 201 VALPARAI SI XTα Ναι OYAL Bowen Blodsbury BRVNOB COOK IS RC H'G 1201 Koeborre TONGATABU. TAHITI 1478 Tolgatabu Iquiq Тосори Dibuai or Au Maclay St. Lawrence Mattaburra PUNTA AR apen NUMEA-LEVUKA dea. Australls COLOMBO -KINS GEORGE SD. Cobija Alice Springs ARRackliga mptos Gladene sady MA - WELLINGTON 6512 A U STRALIA Y_2354 VALPARAISO Charleville SYDN S. Fa LEVUK Antofagita Tatal Chaul Caldeko 14 Carrixa Copiapo Co TAHITI 3300 Easter I. TO TAHITA 4310 SYDN P. Greg Geraldton Wongelma ANAM MONEY VALPARAISO TO AUCKLAND 6000 RAISO . 30° Fucla H Fowler Bay Becer Quimby KERMADEC ARENAS 301 TAHITI - AUCKLAND 2200 C UYDNEY - NOU MEA 1077 AND-NOUMEA 1047 Wilson A Еуге, Augusta NOLEN1772M s Q R T H a Bum AUCKLAND - SYDNEY 1284 Sydney > SANTIAGO CAS Israchte B Seroak ALPARAISO naky B Juan Fernandesa 10 El TAHITI - WELLINGTON 23 KOGEORGE SD- ADELAIDE Waltaroo Wasefield Adelaide Wellinginn WELLINGTON - SYDNEY 128 Giama Morgonul bus PUS Ang George XING GEORGE SOUND - MELBOURNE 135 ConstiA koruya Hokiangel Warkworth Auckland Tokota WELLINGTON - RARATONGA 1790 CRD Entree SOUND MEISJordan KING GEORGE SOUND - HOBART 1500 Staden UNTA ARENAS - HONOLULU 237 & HOBART TO DIEGO GARCIA 4480. TO ADEN 6600 cahamstown Malou Carl Opole O MELBOURNE Vobo 1 Uand, Melbourne urba Robe Melide 1537 DA WELLINGTON - MELBOURNE 1488 NORTH MONO mouth I. P onu y Col Wen Wangu collason Toluca Valdivi C. Otway Warga. mboo out N FRANCISCO 6/99, 10 VANCOUVER 7030 wReads AUCKLAND Ho Monat JASNO zric Hor NO BA hoath WELLINGTON - HOBART 1313 Haridi MIN the PUNTA ARENAS - TAHITI A RG w Robart SOUTE PCHATHAM Rhenheim Kalkoors Leilhfieia Christchurch Aleron Hor Ashhurton Timara Oandaru merstop Dapedin Balclutha CAPE TO WELLINGTON 7170 URITIUS TO WELLINGTON 5900 WELLINGTON TO CALLAO 5700 INGTON 6769 BUMPHOT W TO WELLINGTON 7880 Inverca PUNTA ARENAS WELL 501 WELLINGTON TO VALPARAISO 5050 weather will, as a rule, be found along this tra ". as a rule, be found along this traoh than further south WELLINGTON TO CAPE PILLAR 44 WELLINGTON TO CAPE HORN 4650 WELLINGTON VALPARAISOWELLINGTON 100 110 120 1309 140 150 160° 170° 180° 170° 160° 1509 140 130 120° 110° 100 80 80 Cape Horn S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 19 Mails.- In the movement of the mails the time in transit from New York to San Francisco is 93 hours, the average time from San Fran- cisco to Hongkong is 29 days, and the average time from San Francisco to Manila direct is 30 days. All mail for the Philippine Islands from the United States is forwarded to Manila, that being the sole office of distribution. Mail from the United States for the Philippines is not sent via Europe unless it is specially addressed “via Europe.” The Philippine post-office service is being constantly extended as the conditions and demands of commerce, trade, and industry require increased facilities. The fleet of vessels now being built for the coast-guard bureau of the insular government will carry mails and greatly better the inter- island service. UNITED STATES TRANSPORT COMMUNICATION. The direct means of steam intercourse between the United States and the Philippine Islands is by United States Army transports plying via the Pacific (W.) route from San Francisco, touching at Hawaii, Guam to Manila, average voyage 30 days, returning touching at Nagasaki, Japan; or, via the Atlantic, Suez Canal (E.) route, from New York, touching at Malta, Suez, Aden, Colombo, and Singapore, average voyage 45 days. ROUTES AND FARES TO UNITED STATES POSSESSIONS IN ASIA. The Trunk Line Association (passenger department), upon the acquisition of the Philippine Islands and the extension of the sphere of United States influence to eastern Asia, adopted a schedule of domestic trans-Pacific fares one way and also world-round trip, both from New York. This movement was supplemented by the Pennsylvania Rail- road Company with a schedule of “round-the-world routes” at min- imum through rates, with stop-over privileges for the convenience of the traveling public, officers of the Army and Navy of the United States going or returning, and commercial travelers in the exploitation of American trade. The following Trunk Line Association tariff, superseding all others, went into effect May 1, 1902. While subject to change it may be relied upon as a basis of reliable information. Domestic trans-Pacific one-way through fares from New York. Servants, First cabin, other than a Steerage, Via all authorized all-rail routes to San Francisco, thence via with first- Asiatic, with see- Pacific Mail Steamship Co., Occidental and Oriental Steam- class ac- with first- ond-class ship Co., or Toyo Kisen Kaisha (Oriental Steamship Co.), or to commoda class ac accommo- Tacoma, thence via Northern Pacific Steamship Co. tion over- commoda- dation land. tion over- overland. land. $278.50 285.70 296.50 303.50 303.50 8211.85 216.65 223.85 228.50 228.50 $153.75 157.35 163.35 168,75 168.75 ..... . Yokohama, Japan.... Kobe (Hiogo), Japan. Nagasaki, Japan .. Shanghai, China ... Hongkong, China (British).... Manila, Philippine Islands (United States), via Pacific Mail Steamship Co., Occidental and Oriental Steamship Co., or Toyo Kisen Kaisha and Nagasaki: Direct.. Via Hongkong .... 303.50 339.50 225.00 264.50 168.75 204.75 2 Via Paril - Mail Steamship Co., Occidental and Oriental Steamship Co., and Toyo Kisen Kaisha (Orienta nship Co)., only. b First-ca assage beyond Hongkong. 20 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Domestic trans-Pacific one-way through fares from New York-Continued. First cabin, Servants, with first- with first- class ac class ac- commoda- commoda- tion over- tion over- land. land. $128.50 To San Francisco, thence via Pacific Mail Steamship Co. or Oceanic Steam- ship Co. to Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands..... To San Francisco, thence via Oceanic Steamship Co. to Pago Pago, Samoan Islands... $153.50 228.75 178.75 BASIS FOR THROUGH FARES FROM NEW YORK IN CONNECTION WITH ROUND-TRIP FARES FROM PACIFIC COAST TO TRANS-PACIFIC DESTINATIONS. Through fares to be made as follows: (a) For one-way overland passage to the Pacific coast and round-trip steamship passage beyond: Add current one-way first-class fare applying via route selected to San Francisco or Tacoma to steam- ship fare quoted herein beyond. (6) For round-trip overland passage to the Pacific coast and round-trip steamship passage beyond: Add current 9-months Pacific-coast tourist fare applying via route selected to San Francisco or Tacoma to steamship fare quoted herein beyond. Tickets to be issued as follows: (a) Regular one-way first-class ticket via route selected to San Francisco or Tacoma and exchange order on steamship line for round-trip ticket thence to trans-Pacific destination and return to port of embarkation. (b) Regular 9-months Pacific-coast tourist ticket via route selected to San Francisco or Tacoma and exchange order on steamship line for round-trip ticket thence to trans-Pacific destination and return to port of embarkation. The contract and coupons of ticket and the exchange order of Pacific-coast tourist ticket must be stamped or plainly faced in ink “Trans-Pacific." Routes.-Tickets to San Francisco or Tacoma will be issued via routes over which one-way first-class tickets and Pacific-coast tourist tickets are regularly sold. Limits.--Same time limit to apply to San Francisco or Tacoma as authorized for regular one-way first-class tickets and Pacific-coast tourist tickets to those points. Passengers desiring orders for 12-months round-trip steamship tickets who will not return within 9 months (final limit on Pacific-coast tourist tickets) must purchase one-way tickets overland as no extension of the regular 9-months limit on Pacific-coast tourist tickets will be allowed. Children, baggage, and letter of advice subject to conditions similar to one-way fares. Round-trip basing fares and regulations from Pacific coast. First cabin. Servants other than Asiatic. From San Francisco, via Pacific Mail Steamship Co., Occi- dental and Oriental Steamship Co., or Toyo Kisen Kaisha (Oriental Steamship Co.); from Tacoma, via Northern Pacific Steamship Co. Four Twelve Four Twelve months. months. months. months. $300.00 310.80 327.00 337.50 337.50 $350.00 360.80 377.00 393.75 393.75 $200.00 207. 20 218.00 225.00 225.00 $233. 35 240.55 251.35 262.50 262.50 Yokohama, Japan..... Kobe (Hiogo), Japan... Nagaski, Japan.... Shanghai, China ... Hongkong ....... Manila, Philippine Islands, via Hongkong (see steamship companies, Hongkong to Manila, one way)..... Via Pacific Mail Steamship Co., Occidental and Oriental Steamship Co., or Toyo Kisen Kaisha and Nagasaki direct..... From San Francisco, via Pacific Mail Steamship Co.,or Oceanic Steamship Co., to Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands....... From San Francisco, via Oceanic Steamship Co., to Pago Pago, Samoan Islands..... 397.50 453.75 285.00 322.50 393.75 225.00 262.50 337.50 135.00 225.00 a 90.00 250.00 *Via Pacific Mail Steamship Co. or Oceanic Steamship Co. only. Meals and berth on trans-Pacific steamers included in above fares. Children 5 years of age and under 12, half-fare through to trans-Pacific destination; under 5 years of age, free to San Francisco or Tacoma. On trans-Pacific steamers, children 2 years of age and under 5 will be charged quarter-fare; under 2 years of age free. One child only under 2 years of age will be carried free with each family, and additional children under that age will be charged quarter-fare. Servants' fares are applicable only to bona fide servants accompanying their employers. Servants will be berthed and served with meals according to ship's regulations. Asiatic fares are applicable only to Japanese, Chinese, and other regular Asiatics. Differential deductions do not apply to above fares. Tickets.-Regular one-way first or mixed class tickets to be issued to San Francisco or Tacoma, and exchange order on steamship line for ticket thence to trans-Pacifie destination. The contract and coupons of ticket must be stamped or plainly faced in ink * Trans-Pacific." Routes.-Tickets to San Francisco or Tacoma will be issued via routes over which one-way tickets are regularly sold. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 21 Limits.-Same time limit to apply to San Francisco or Tacoma as authorized for regular one-way Baggage.--350 pounds of baggage will be checked free to San Francisco or Tacoma on each whole ticket and 175 pounds on each half ticket. Excess baggage will be charged for at regular excess-bag- On trans-Pacific steamers 350 pounds of baggage will be checked free for each adult first-cabin passenger, 250 pounds for each servant, 175 pounds for each second-cabin, intermediate, or steerage passenger, and proportionately for children, Baggage must be checked only on tickets and exchange orders of Trunk Line issue. Baggage must not be checked beyond San Francisco or Tacoma, where passenger must arrange for its transfer to the steamship. Stop-overs.-First-cabin passengers will be allowed stop-overs at intermediate ports en route. First-cabin passengers for points beyond Honolulu via San Francisco and Pacific Mail Steamship Company, Occidental and Oriental Steamship Company, or Toyo Kisen Kaisha (Oriental Steamship Company) will be accorded a stop-over at Honolulu and other ports en route, and may proceed thence without extra charge, by a steamer of any of those lines. The stop-over at Honolulu via Occidental and Oriental Steamship Company, or Toyo Kisen Kaisha (Oriental Steamship Company,) is limited to 30 days. Letter of advice attached to the exchange order for steamship ticket must be properly filled out and immediately forwarded as directed therein. The following is the list of scheduled connecting lines beyond Manila. Toyo Kisen Kaisha, Nippon Yusen Kaisha, China and Manila Steamship Company, or Indo-China Navigation Company, regular service, Manila to Hongkong; Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navi- gation Company, Hongkong to London (via Singapore, Penang, Colombo, Aden, Port-Said, Brindisi, Marseilles, and Plymouth); American Line (via Southampton or Cherbourg); Anchor Line (via Glas- gow or Londonderry); Atlantic Transport Line (via London); Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (via Hayre); Cunard Line (via Liverpool); Hamburg-American Line (via Plymouth, Hamburg, or Cherbourg); North German Lloyd Steamship Company (via Southampton); Red Star Line (via Ant- werp), or White Star Line (via Liverpool), London to New York (direct), total rate $642 (add $36 Manila to Hongkong). Or by North German Lloyd Steamship Company, Hongkong to London (via Singapore, Colombo, Aden, Suez, Port Said, Naples, Genoa, and Southampton), or by Messageries Maritimes, Hongkong to Paris (via Saigon, Singapore, Colombo, Aden, Suez, Port Said, Alexandria, and Marseilles); Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, Paris to New York (via Havre). Under this system tickets are sold at all principal ticket oflices of the Pennsylvania Railroad for round-the-world tours, covering transportation via any authorized rail route from New York to San Francisco or Portland, except that San Francisco tickets can not be issued via Canadian Pacific or Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie (Soo Line) railways and Portland, From San Francisco a choice of twelve routes is offered to Chinese, Philippine, Indian, and South Pacific points and thence back to New York. The overland portions of these tickets have all the privileges of unlimited first- class tickets. CABLE AND TELEGRAPH COMMUNICATION. The Signal Corps of the United States Army has constructed and laid, approximately, 9,000 m. of telegraph, telephone, and submarine cable lines in the Philippines since the occupancy by the United States forces, August, 1898, to June, 1902. About one-third of this mileage maintaining communication between flying military columns and their bases, the latter being always in communication by means of perma- nent lines with division headquarters, and lines destroyed through hostile operations of the insurgents. The temporary field lines were, in nearly all cases, entirely removed upon the withdrawal of the mili- tary forces from the territory occupied. The permanent system embraces 1,327 m. of military cables and 5,000 m. of military tele- graph lines, the whole aggregating 6,327 m. These afford the means of prompt communication, and consequent executive control, from Aparri and Bangui, on the N. of Luzon, to the island of Siasi, in the extreme S., and connecting all the important islands of the archipelago except Palawan and Romblon. Over this system an average of upward of 10,000 official messages, civil and military, have been handled daily for many months. The operators of both cables and land present enlisted men of the Signal Corps. The linemen in some cases are natives, and schools have been opened for the instruction of Fili- pinos as operators. Commercial business, in addition to military, is now transacted at 203 of the offices on the Signal Corps lines, which thus serve as feeders to the commercial cables. 22 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. List of stations on military telegraph lines in the Philippine Islands doing commercial business. [Corrected to May 9, 1902.] Town. Province. Island. Town. Province. Island. Maasil Rizal..... Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. DO. Alaminos....... Zambales....... Luzón. Alcalá ........ Cagayan........ Do. Angeles ....... Pampanga ... Do. A parri... Cagayan...... Do. Arayat .... Pampanga ... Do. Argao .... Cebu ... Cebú. Aringay... Unión.... Luzon. Atimonan Tayabas... Do. Bacolod.. Negros Occidtl. Negros. Bacoor .. Cavite .......... Luzón. Baguio .. Benguet ........ Do. Baler ...... Príncipe........ Do. Bambán.... Tárlac .......... Do. Batangas... Batangas.. Do. Bautista. Pangasinan.... Do. Baybay........ .. Leyte........... Leyte. Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya. Luzón. Biñan. Laguna........ Do. Boac... Marinduque.... Marindu'q. Bongabong.. Nueva Ecija.... Luzón. Bugason...... Antique ........ Panay. Bulacán..... Bulacan ........ Luzon. Cabanatúan Nueva Ecija.... Cabuyao.... Laguna... Do. Cagayán.... Misamis .... Mindanao. Calamba .. Laguna...... Luzón. Calapán ... Marinduque Mindoro. Calbảyog. Sámar.. Sámar. Caliyo. Cápiz... Panay. Calumpit. Bulacán. Luzón. Canayan Isabela .. Do. Candelaria Tayabas. Candón.. Ilocos Sur Cápiz........ Cápiz. Panay. Carig ......... Isabela Luzón. Carigara...... Leyte........ Leyte. Carranglan.... Nueva Ecija.... Luzón. Castellana (La) Negros Occidt'l. Negros. Catbalogan Sámar.. Sámar. Cavite... Cavite.. Luzón. Cebú .. Cebu .... Cebú. Colasi ........... Antique Panay. Concepción. Luzón. Coraón.... Isabela ... Do. Cotabato ... Cotabato .... Mindanao. Dagupan ... Pangasinan .... Luzón. Dasmariñas (Pé Cavite.. Do. rez). Dimiao...... Bohol Bohol. Dinalupijan... Bataan... Luzón. Dumaguete.. Negros Oriental. Negros. Dumanjug.. Cebú .. Cebu. Dumarao ..... Cápiz. Panay. Echagü....... Isabela Luzón. Eguia.. Zambales Do. Fort Gadungan.. Mindanao. Guinayangan Tayabas. Luzón. Guinobatan Do. Humingan Nueva Ecija. Do. Zambales, Do. Ibajay.... Cápiz.... Panay. Ilagan. Isabela .. Luzón. Iligan .. Misamis... Mindanao. Iloilo.... Iloilo.... Panay. Indang ... Cavite ....... Luzón. Iriga ..... Camarines Sur.. Do. Isabela .. Negros Occidt'l. Negros. Jaro .... Leyte... Leyte. Jolo. .............. Joló. La Castellana.. Negros Occidt'i. Negros. Lal-16 .. Cagayán........ Luzón. Legaspi.. Albay .......... Do. Lingayen. Batangas..... Loón ....... Bohol......... Bohol. López ...... Tayabas...... Luzón. Los Baños.. Laguna .... Do. Lucena... Tayabas.. Do. Leyte....... Leyte. Malabang .. Catabato .... Mindanao. Malabón.... Rizal... Luzón. Malolos. Bulacan.. Do. Manapla. Negros Occidt'l. Negros. Manila City ... Luzon. Masbate.. Masbate........ Masbate. Masinloc ... Zambales. Luzón. Matalom... Leyte..... Leyte. Misamis.... Misamis..... Mindanao. Muntinlupa Rizal.. Luzón. Naga ....... Cebu ....... Cebú. Náic.. Cavite.......... Luzón. Nueva Cácere Camarines Sur.. Olongapó. Zambales Do. Ormoc..... Leyte........... Leyte. Oslob....... Cebú ........... Cebú. Pagbilao ... Tayabas....... Luzón. Palanog .... Masbate...... Masbate Pandan Antique ...... Panay. Pantabangan.. Nueva Ecija.... Luzón. Párang Parang.. Catabato ....... Mindanao. Pasacao .... Camarines Sur.. Pásig... Rizal....... Do. Pérez Dasma Cavite........ Do. Pili. Camarines Sur.. Pototan .... Iloilo........... Panay. Rosales...... Nueva Ecija.... Luzón. San Antonio. Zambales Do. San Esteban...... Ilocos Sur ...... San Felipe........ Rizal.... San Fernando.... Pampanga.... Do. San Fernando.... Unión .......... San Francisco de Cavite....... Malabón. San Joaquín...... Iloilo....... Panay. San José .......... Batangas ....... Luzón. San José de Bue Antique ........ Panay. navista. San José.. Nueva Ecija.... Luzón. San Julián ......... Ilocos Sur ...... Do. San Pablo.. Laguna.. Do. Santa Bárbara. Iloilo.... Panay. Santa Cruz Laguna. Luzón. Santa Cruz Zambales Do. Santo Tomás Batangas ....... Do. Sariaya... Tayabas........ Siasi ........ Siasi. Sibonga .... Cebu ......... Cebú. Silang ..... Cavite... Luzón. Siniloan.... Laguna...... Sorsogon ... Sorsogon ....... Súbic...... Zambales. Do. Surigao. Surigao. Mindanao. Taal. Batangas. Luzón. Tacloban.. Leyte.......... Leyte. Tagbilaran Bohol ... Bohol. Tanauan Leyte........ Leyte. Tanauan Batangas ....... Luzón. Tárlac...... Tárlac ........ Do. Tayabas... Tayabas ...... Do. Tayug .. Pangasinan Do. Tiaon. Tayabas. Do. Tigbauan.. Iloilo... Panay. Tubigón.... Bohol Bohol. Tucuran.... Cotabato ....... Mindanao. Tuguegarao Cagayan........ Luzón. Valle Hermosa ... Negros Oriental. Negros. Vigan ............! Ilocos Sur. Luzón. Zamboanga ...... Mindanao. Do. Do. Do. Do. Albay . Iba ... .. . . .. .......... Pangasinan Lipa. Do. Do. REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE TRANSMISSION OF MESSAGES. (1) Commercial messages originating at Manila, Iloilo, Cebú, or Bacolod will not be accepted for transmission between these points over military lines. Commercial messages arriving at any of the stations mentioned in this paragraph over military lines addressed to places where the Eastern Extension Australasia and China Telegraph Company has offices will be transferred to that company if the sender has complied with the requirements of paragraph 2 in regard to payment. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 23 (2) Payment for all messages not sent on authorized public business over cable lines other than those of the military telegraph must be arranged for with the cable company by the persons sending such messages. (3) The following tariff (American currency) will be collected on messages transmitted over mili- tary lines in the Philippines: A. On messages transmitted between points on the same island, 2 cents per word. B. On messages transmitted between points on different islands, 4 cents per word. C. Press specials will be charged for at a rate of 1 cent per word between points on the same island and 2 cents per word between points on different islands. D. Messages to be prepaid and address and signature to be counted. E. The minimum charge on any message will be the regular tariff for 10 words. F. Messages filed for transmission as official business over the Eastern Extension Australasia and China Telegraph Company's cables must bear proper official approval. (4) Messages relating to public business from the following persons will be sent without charge, viz: Officers of the United States Government connected with the Military, Naval, Postal, and Marine- Hospital Service. The civil governor; the members of the United States Philippine Commission; the secretary of the commission; the auditor; the treasurer; the general superintendent of public instruction; the collec- tor of internal revenue; the chief justice of the supreme court; the director-general of posts; the chief of the forestry bureau; the chief of the bureau of mines; the captain of the port of Manila; col- lectors of customs at various ports; the provincial treasurer of each province, and all messages countersigned by him relating to provincial business; division superintendents of schools in com- municating with the general superintendent of public instruction and the teachers under their charge, these messages as a rule not to contain more than 25 words. (5) The military telegraph of the Philippine Islands will, for public business, be used only for the transmission of important messages of urgency which if sent by mail would probably result in detri- ment to the public interest. (6) Telegrams will be concise and so written that punctuation marks will not be required to in- sure understanding. All useless words will be omitted. The last name of the person addressed and of the sender of the message or the title of office will generally be sufficient. Messages in all cases will bear the name of the province in which the originating point is located, also province of station to which addressed, except in cases of leading commercial cities, such as Manila, Cavite, Dagupan, Vigan, Aparri, Batangas, etc. (7) Personal messages filed by persons in the military and naval service of the United States and persons officially connected with the civil government of the islands will be charged for at the rate of 1 cent per word between points on the same island and 2 cents per word between points on dif. ferent islands. (8) The proceeds received by the various military telegraph offices will be turned into the insular treasury by the officials responsible therefor and accounts rendered monthly. List of United States military cables, May 9, 1902. Name. Provinces or islands. Distance. Miles, 19 ................ 36.3 76.3 30.1 46.4 73 13.6 115.4 50 Calamba-Santa Cruz ...... Laguna, Luzón....... Calbayog-Catbalogan .. Daram Channel, Sámar... Calbayog-Palanog.... Sámar to Masbate, Sea of Sámar...... Calapan-Batangas.... Mindoro to Luzon, Visayan Sea ...... Calapán-Boac... Mindoro to Marinduque, Mindoro Sea Cápiz-Milagros ... Panay to Masbate, Visayan Sea Catbalogan-Carigara. Sámar to Leyte, Carigara Bay. Cebu-Liloan... Cebu, Mactan Straits ....... Dumaguete-Misamis. Negros to Mindanao, Sea of Mindanao. Guinayangan-Pasacao ...... Tayabas to Ambos Camarines, Luzón, Gulf of Ragay Iligan-Cayagán ..... Misamis to Mindanao, Iligan Bay ..... Jolo (Sulu)-Siasi....... Joló (Sulu) Archipelago, Sulu Sea..... Legaspi-Bacón ...... Albay to Sorsogon, Luzon, Albay Gulf. Tacloban-Liloan-Samar Leyte to Sámar, San Pedro Bay Liloan-Ormoc ........ Cebu to Leyte, Visayan Sea ...... Loón-Argao ........ Bohol to Cebu, Sea of Cebú... Maasin-Surigao ... Leyte to Mindanao...... Malabang-Párang-Pár Illana Bay, Mindanao ...... Manila-Cavite... Manila to Cavite, Manila Bay. Misamis-Iligan.... Mindanao, Iligan Bay ......... Misamis-Lintogo.... Mindanao, Panguil Bay ..... Náic-Corregidor..... Cavite to Corregidor, Manila Bay ..... Oslob-Dumaguete ...... .. Negros Oriental, to Cebu, Sea of Cebu... Palánog-Sorsogon ........ Masbate to Luzon, Visayan Sea and Sorsogon Bay Santa Cruz-Siniloan..... Laguna to Luzón, Laguna de Bay Tucuran-Malabang ..... Ilana Bay, Mindanao ... Tucuran-Zamboanga..... Célebes Sea, Mindanao ...... Zamboanga-Isabela Basilan Strait, Mindanao to Basılan Zamboanga-Joló (Sulu).... Joló Sea, Mindanao to Joló.... Total 60.7 50.4 29.9 1.4 79.4 14.3 55,1 25.3 8.5 31.8 22.8 14 ... ca 18.4 63.1 12.5 50 158.4 18.4 101.5 1, 326.7 All cable and telegraph lines in the Philippine Islands are under control of the United States Signal Corps, excepting 2 wires of the telegraph line along Manila and Dagupan Railroad Company's tracks which this company can use for its own purposes only, and the Eastern Extension Company's cables connecting Manila, Iloilo, Cebu, and Bacolod. 24 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. COMMERCIAL CABLES. In addition to the Signal Corps telegraph and cable systems, the islands of Luzon, Panay, Negros, and Cebú are connected by the cables of the Eastern Extension Australasia and China Telegraph Com- pany, approximating 610 m. in length, with stations at Manila, Iloilo, Bacolod, and Cebú. Selected list of tariff to points over the Eastern Extension Australasia and China Telegraph Company cables. [The rate in effect from Cebú or Iloilo to Bacolod is 20 cts. per word.] FOREIGN From Manila to- Rate per word, Mexican currency. $0.90 3.15 . 2.40 . 2.10 . 1.95 2. 15 . 2.82 Amoy, China ... Ceylon, India.... Cochin China, Asia. Europe, nations of Fuchau, China .... Hongkong, China. India ......... Japan ....... Java, Dutch Indies.. Other islands, Dutch Indies New South Wales, Australia New Zealand.... Pekin, China ........ Queensland, Australia. Shanghai, China ...... Siam (via Cape St. James)..... Siam (via Moulmein).... Singapore, Straits Settlements Taku, China ..... Tientsin, China ...... Victoria, Australasia ....... Visayas (Eastern Extension Australasia and China station), Philippine Islands ... Western Australia, Australia.. 2.91 1.32 2.88 .90 ajai UNITED STATES. $3.72 3.59 3. 62 3.69 3. 59 3.53 California, San Francisco (other places) ........ Columbia, District of, Washington (other places) .... Illinois, Chicago (other places) ...... Louisiana, New Orleans ....... Louisiana (other places)...... Maryland, Baltimore (other places).. Massachusetts, Boston (other places). Missouri, St. Louis ..... Missouri (other places). New York ...... New York, New York City New York, Brooklyn ... Ohio, Cincinnati.... Oregon, Portland... Pennsylvania, Philadelphia .. Washington, Seattle... 3.69 3.59 3.72 3.59 3.72 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 25 POPULATION AND TOWNS. From the best complete official (Spanish census, 1887) and other sources of information, the total population of the Philippine Islands, as compiled in the subjoined table, is 6,975,073, and the total number of towns 1,137. The figures possibly under rather than over state the actual number of inhabitants, civilized and wild. It is inferred, the officials being obliged to return a peseta poll tax to the island govern- ment for each adult enumerated, that the number accounted for did not exceed the actual enumeration. In an exhibit of total population of June 1, 1900, including, along with continental United States, cer- tain outlying districts and recent insular accessions, the United States Census Office assigned to the Philippine Islands 6,961,339. The inde- pendent figures of the Division of Insular Affairs, based upon the population of 1887, official, and its own sources of information, with percentages of increase shown by the figures of 1876, 1877, 1879, pro- duced the results referred to in the exhibits, from which it will be seen that the aggregate reached by the Census Office and the Division of Insular Affairs, embodied in the Annual Report of the Secretary of War, Appendix D, differ but 13,734. The proportion of qualified electors to inhabitants in the towns organized (to October 15, 1901), according to returns received from 390 municipalities, showed a population of 2,695,801, with a total of 49,523 qualified electors, or 18.37 electors per 1,000 inhabitants. Any person able to read and write the English or Spanish language and owning property to the value of $250 American currency, or who paid annually taxes to the amount of $15, or who held municipal offices under the Spanish régime, was eligible to vote. In addition to the elective characteristics of the Filipino people, these figures afford some idea of their educational, realty, corporate, or social status. The Twelfth Census of the United States showed the following results: Population. Continental United States .. . 75, 994, 575 Philippine Islands. Porto Rico ... Hawaii.. 154,001 Alaska ...... Guam ....... American Samoa ..... Persons in military and naval service outside continental United States .. United States ........ 84, 233,569 A census of the Philippine Islands was in progress in 1896 when the insurrection broke out, and returns for over two-fifths of the popula- tion were found stored in Manila. These were tabulated and the foregoing estimate was based upon the result. The total population of the United States at the close of the nine- teenth century was 84,233,069. At the beginning of the century it it was about five and a third million. The nation, therefore, has grown nearly sixteenfold in one hundred years. 6,961, 339 953, 243 63,592 9,000 6,100 91,219 POPULATIONS OF WORLD POWERS COMPARED. There are but two countries which now have a greater homogeneous population than the United States, viz, China and the Russian Empire. In bulk, however, China and the British Empire have each probably between 350,000,000 and 400,000,000, together nearly one-half of the 26 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. total population of the earth. The Russian Empire, with about 131,000,000 people, has been increasing during the century just closed with greater rapidity than any other European power. Its growth, like that of the United States, has been through the natural increase of its s population and great accessions of territory. It had about 38,800,000 people in 1800 and has increased more than three and a half times during the nineteenth century. France, including its dependencies, is the fourth country of the world in order of population, with about 83,666,000—almost the same number as the United States. Of these over 25,000,000 are in African dependencies, nearly 17,000,000 in Asia, and 2,000,000 in Madagascar. These 5 most populous countries together include over the estimated population of the world, which is placed by the best authorities at between 1,500,000,000 and 1,600,000,000. PHILIPPINE POPULATION REPORTS COMPARED. Four reports of the entire population have been printed. The official count of 1887 appears to be confirmed by the civil count of the previous decade of 1877. These figures (1887) give an aggregate of 6,985,000, as compared with 6,975,073 (Gazetteer). An approximation based on the supposition that about one-sixth part of the whole population paid tribute, gives a total of 7,451,352 but how ascertained is not stated. In some enumerations only the subject and Catholic popula- tions are given and the heathen, Mohammedans, and independent tribes omitted. This, in a measure, will account for the random fig- ures indulged in by numerous writers, ranging from 5,000,000 to 8,000,000 and even 10,000,000 inhabitants. Of the figures given, 6,462,875 may be regarded as correct as far as the Spanish census of population in the Philippines in 1887 can be so accepted. The esti- mated population not counted as official aggregates 512,298, taken from church and other responsible sources of information. TERRITORIAL AND POLITICAL DIVISIONS. There are six grand divisions possessing territorial contiguity and dominant racial and linguistic homogeneity, as follows: LUZÓN, N., Ilocano Pangasinán; central, Tagalog; S., Vícol (Bićol), with numerous less progressive tribal offshoots of the same fusion of native and invading races. MINDANAO, Malay-Moro. MINDORO, Manguianes, chiefly, and of Malayan origin. PALAWAN, Tagbanúas and Mohammedan Malays. SULU, Moros, descendants of the Mohammedan invaders. VISAYAS, Visayans. UNASSIGNED, Calamianes or Tagbanúas, Agutainos, and other off- shoots of Malay origin. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. List of islands, provinces, and populations. (Under the Spanish census, 1887, estimated population not counted, total population, and number of towns; also subdivided by provinces under the same classification.] Islands or groups. Area. 1887 popu- Estimated lation, population Spanish not census. counted. Total Nation Towns. population, NO Luzón ....... 570 130 Sq.m. 44, 253 681 46,721 4, 108 5,037 1, 029 25, 302 740 Marinduque... Mindanao. Mindoro.. Palawan (Paragua) Sulu Archipelago.. Visayan Islands.. Unassigned.. 48,269 356,735 38,544 50, 250 19 3,679, 219 48,000 138, 924 67, 656 2,100 22, 630 2,486, 205 16, 338 3,727, 488 48,000 495, 659 106, 200 52, 350 22, 630 2,497, 908 2 4, 838 10,000 8,500 14 381 Total ... 127, 853 6,462, 875 512, 298 6,975, 073 1, 137 Total population of the archipelago.. Total area. Number of inhabitants per sq.m........ . 6,975, 073 ....sq.m.. 127,853 54.55+ Islands and provinces. Area. 1887 popu- Estimated lation, population Total Spanish Anot population census. counted. Towns. No. 00 491 Sq. m. Luzón... 44, 235 3, 679, 219 48,269 3,727, 488 570 1. Abra. 1,484 41,300 2,000 43. 300 2. Albay......... 997 195, 129 195, 129 a. Catanduanes. 704 33, 010 33, 010 3. Ambos Camarines 3,161 194, 022 194,022 4. Bataan........ 436 50, 761 50, 761 5. Batangas ......... 1, 108 311, 180 311,180 6. Benguet ......... 990 15, 175 15, 175 7. Bontoc.... 480 13, 985 13, 985 8. Bulacan ...... 841 239, 221 239, 221 9. Cagayan .... 5,031 85, 408 85, 408 a. Babuyanes... 179 1,284 1,284 b. Batanes 81 8,776 9.675 10. Cavite. 610 134, 569 134,569 11. Ilocos Norte 1, 265 163, 349 163, 349 12. Ilocos Sur.. 215, 792 215, 792 13. Infanta .. 877 9, 095 9. 095 a. Polillo... 294 1,700 1,700 14. Isabela....... 5,395 48, 302 48, 302 15. Laguna. 752 169, 983 169,983 16. Lepanto ........... 1, 232 16, 152 16, 152 a. Quiañgán.. 30,000 30,000 17. Manila, municipal 20 i 250,000 250,000 a. Corregidor 420 420 18. Nueva Ecija 3,840 156, 610 156, 610 19. Nueva Vizcaya .. 1,075 19. 379 39,000 58,379 a. Cayapa... 2, 249 2,249 20. Pampanga ....... 2, 209 223, 922 223, 922 21. Pangasinan. 1, 316 302. 178 302, 178 22. Príncipe ....... 1,218 4,100 6,870 10, 470 23. Rizal.. 1,048 246, 940 246, 940 24. Sorsogón....... 675 98. 650 98, 650 25. Tárlac ..... 1, 295 89, 339 89,339 26. Tayabas.. 2,334 109, 780 109, 780 27. Unión .. 867 110,164 110, 164 28. Zambales .... 2,210 87, 295 87, 295 Marinduque.. 681 48,000 48,000 Mindanao .... 46,721 138, 924 356, 735 495, 659 130 1. Basilan .. 354 8,000 8,000 2. Cotabato..... 8, 344 4,148 4,148 3. Dapitan.. 2, 386 17,2731 3,000 20, 273 a Total is estimated at 82,500, on account of the races scattered over the province. "An estimate of 14,000 for former comandancia of Saltán would make 62,302 for province not counted. * According to a late enumeration by the board of health of the city of Manila the population is over 280,000. "Population of former territory of Manila 200.000. towns 20; of Morong 46,940, towns 14. le spanish census gives the enumeration 1,119; the church (1895) gives the enumeration 1,421 Own of Isabela has an enumeration 6,000. (Eastern Arch., Pt. I.) Other expert authority, 8,000. (4) ... (0) GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. List of islands, provinces, and populations—Continued. Islands and provinces. Area. 1887 popu- Estimated lation, population Spanish not census. counted. Total population. Towns. No. Sq.m. 9,171 3,900 5, 879 13, 201 3, 486 33, 668 100, OCO 126,942 85, 125 (0) 33, 668 100,000 126, 942 85, 125 117,503 Mindanao-Continued. 4. Dávao .... 5. Lanao .... 6. Misamis.. 7. Surigao ...... 8. Zamboanga ..... Mindoro......... Palawan......... 1. Palawan (Paragua). 2. Balábac ... 3. Cagayan de Sulu .......... 4. St. Michaels Islands.. 4,108 117,503 67, 656 2, 100 38,544 106, 200 5,037 52, 350 50, 250 50,000 4,726 264 47 (d) 2, 100 50,000 2, 100 250 250 Sulu Archipelago ..... 1,029 22, 630 22, 630 1. Balanguingui (group)..... 2. Pangutaran (group)...... 3. Sulu (Joló) (group) ...... 4. Tapul (group).............. 5. Tawi Tawi.. f335 f1,815 f14, 415 f 1,300 €4, 765 Visayan Islands...... 25, 302 2,486, 205 10,000 2,497, 908 381 1,614 1, 782 4,214 260,000 518, 032 270, 491 1. Bohol 2. Cebu. 3. Leyte... 4. Masbate: a. Burias.. b. Masbate ... e. Ticao.... 5. Negros Occidental 6. Negros Oriental...) dental Negros.... 7. Antique) 260,000 518, 032 270, 491 1,703 21, 366 268 $1,703 21, 366 8. Cápiz .. Panay ... 1, 315 149 3,112 1, 742 1, 340 1,661 2,102 515 5,488 231,512 140, 498 115, 434 224,000 433,462 i38,982 55, 339 185, 386 231,512 140, 498 115, 434 224, 000 462, 444 55, 339 195, 386 9. Iloilo .. 10. Romblon...... 11. Sámar................ 10,000 Unassigned.. 740 26,338 8,500 24, 838 677 1. Calamianes......... 2. Cuyos......... 16, 338 16, 338 8,500 63 8,500 * In 1897 the population of Misamis as then constituted was 169,256. It is estimated that about one- fourth of that number occupy the region outside the new boundaries, leaving the above number a fair estimate of the population within the new boundaries. The census of 1887 gave 67,760 population; official figures (1898) gave 85,125, exclusive of the wild races of the mountains. In 1897 an enumeration gave 19,503 Christians in Zamboanga and surrounding towns; 8,000 Mohammedans, and 90,000 estimated in the unexplored regions of Sibuguey. d Official, 1887, certain towns, 5,985. Another authority (Arguelles, former governor), Christians in N, 10,000; Mohammedans in S., 6,000. Other experts, 28,000 to 30,000. Population of native races esti- mated, Tagbanúas, 6,000; Negritos, 1,500; Manguianes, 4,000; Tandulanos, 1,500. A round estimate of 50,000 may be regarded as conservative. • Official guide of the Philippines, 1897, population of Sulu Archipelago, 22,630. Ferreiro gives these figures of fighting men governed by datos or Panlimanes in the groups named. An expert estimate of a population of 200,000 in the archipelago of Sulu is given as not excessive. Another authority gives the population at 11,000 in 1875. h See Masbate. * This represents the population in 1897 of Concepción district, now Iloilo. The most conservative totals of population of the Philippine Islands foot up larger than any single State in the American Union, except New York (7,268,012). During the Spanish domination there were two sources which at almost any time could be used to ascertain with sufficient accuracy for ali practical purposes the number of inhabitants in the towns recog- nizing Spanish sovereignty. These were the assessment lists for tribute and the parochial records. The returns from these two sources were fairly accurate. It has been found, however, that those from the first generally fell below the facts, while those from the second source GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 29 were in excess. Independently of these two regular sources of infor- mation, the Spanish Government took an official census in 1887, bear- ing the date of December 31. The published returns show evidence of having been compiled with some care, and as the enumeration districts were small there is no good reason to question the general accuracy of the results. Another official census was ordered for the year 1896, which was in progress when the last insurrection against Spain broke out. The work was in charge of the "centro de estadística.” This census was never completed and never published, although the material compiled has been utilized in the tables given. PROGRESS OF PHILIPPINE POPULATION. The following table shows the progress of the Philippine population. including only the people who recognized Spanish rule, from 1735 to 1896: Population of the Philippines at different periods. [Includes only the people who recognized Spanish rule.] Year. Population. Sources of information and remarks. 1735 1799 1805 1812 1815 1817 1818 Do. 1827 1833 1840 1845 1850 1862 1870 837, 182 | Reports by various religious organizations. 1,522, 224 Compilation made by the city government of Manila from the tax rolls for the tribute (25 provinces). 1,741, 234 Same source; quoted by Buzeta, II, p. 53. 1,933, 331 Do. 2,502, 994 2,062,805 Do. 2, 026, 230 Same source; quoted by Buzeta, II, p. 53. This total is 80,602 less than that quoted by Buzeta, but it is the correct footing for the provinces reported. 2,593,287 Sources unknown; quoted by Buzeta, ibid., who does not vouch for accuracy 3, 153, 290 Same as for 1827. 3,096, 031 Special reports to the Guía de Forasteros de Manila, made by the local officials. Apparently very reliable. Buzeta gives this total as 3,209,077, or 113,046 more, of which 46 are clearly errors in addition and 113,000 probably an estimate of the "infieles." 3,434, 007 | Special reports to the Guía de Forasteros. 3,800, 163 Sum of the figures given by Buzeta as the population of each province, probably on the basis of reports by the parish priests. The total quoted by Buzeta from the Guide for the same year is 3,815,874, which does not agree with his figures for the various provinces. 4,734, 533 Ecclesiastical census, published in the Guide, 1863. 4, 698, 477 Reports by the civil authorities, compiled and published by Cavada, Historia Reports Geográfica, Geológica y Estadística de Filipinas, Manila, 1876. If we include 393,300, Cavada's estimate of the "infieles," the grand total is 5,091,777. An ecclesiastical census of the same year gives a total of 5,126,791, including the "infieles." 5,567, 685 Civil census quoted in the Guía Oficial for several years, see 1898. An ecclesi. astical census of about the same time gives a total of 5,570,779, to which might be added 602,853, the estimated number of "infieles," making a grand total of 6,173,632. 5,817, 268 Ecclesiastical census published in the Guía de Filipinas for 1881; estimated num- ber of "infieles" was 632,645; grand total, 6,449,813. This was the census of which a manuscript copy was sent to Professor Blumentritt. Death rate in the same year was 106.3 per 1,000, against a birth rate of 43.4 per 1,000. 5,984, 727 Civil census. This was the only census ever taken independently of the tax rolls or the church records. Errors in computation in the published reports amounting to 504 have been corrected. Severe epidemic of cholera in 1882 contributed, among other causes, to restrain the growth. 6, 101,682 | From a table, dated Manila, Nov. 30, 1891, bearing the signatures of Manuel del Busto and José Gutiérrez de la Vega, president and vice-president, respectively, of the centro de estadistica. This table shows internal evidence of having been very carefully prepared and is apparently more reliable than any other report of the same period. Epidemic of cholera in 1889. 6, 261, 339 Estimated on the basis of the partial census of 1896, it being assumed that the rate of increase found in the 494 towns reported would hold good throughout the islands. 1876 1879 1887 1891 1896 The deduction which can be drawn from the foregoing figures is the slow growth of the population. The following is another table which gives, by provinces, the popu- lation in the years 1818, 1840, 1850, 1870, and 1887; also for 1901 (estimated): 30 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Population, by provinces, according to five reliable reports. Provinces. 1818. 1840. 1850. 1870. 1887. Gazetteer 1901 estimate. 92,665 115,308 31, 815 238, 175 35, 090 a 220, 328 41, 318 1206, 689 43, 300 228, 139 ..... " 50,597 48, 333 84,570 115, 434 2, 100 50, 761 23,393 112. 120 39, 002 8.000 170, 282 108,855 1,550 36, 086 8, 326 241, 782 523 39, 008 8,000 221, 021 115, 434 2,110 | 50, 781 10,517 311, 180 1,119 16, 234 e 216, 522 13, 985 239, 221 1, 708 95, 357 (0) (d) 125,021 165,078 161, 322257,022 • 153, 734 10.134 214, 507 791 71,657 6 14, 435 22, 615 128, 860 140, 471 311,180 8,000 15, 175 260,000 13, 985 239, 221 1, 703 96, 367 250 16,338 194,022 224,000 134, 569 518, 032 (1) * 213, 498 602 285, 839 15, 027 28, 324 * 115, 571 186,587 31, 968 126,627 1339, 073 13, 157 14, 291 29,109 16.052 21,476 153, 245 136, 248 29,977 90, 696 1280, 729 113,892 65, 262 15, 957 51, 665 1108, 426 164,913 194, 809 | 116, 276 394, 215 501 2,339 134, 569 504, 081 36, 935 484 4, 138 420 4,148 8,500 135, 748 147, 095 j 176, 901 132, 167 179, 315 j 265, 847 157, 559 192, 272 j288, 629 Abra Albay .......... . Amburayan (Ilocos Sur). Antique..... Balábac... Bataan....... Batanes...... Batangas.. Basilan. Benguet Bohol. Bontoc........ Bulacan Burias.. Cagayan ........... Cagayan de Sulu... Calamianes. tes...... Camarines Norte.. Camarines Sur..... Cápiz. Caraga. Cavite.... Cebu........ Concepción .. Corregidor.. Cotabato Cuyos. Dapitan. Dávao. Ilocos Norte. Ilocos Sur. Iloilo ... Infanta Isabela.. Joló (group) (Sulu). Laguna Lanao. Lepanto.... Leyte .. Manila..... Manila (city) taken from Manila province. Marinduque ...... Masbate y Ticao...... Mindoro .......... Misamis........... Morong (Rizal). Negros Occidental.. Negros Oriental.. Nueva Ecija. Nueva Vizcaya.. Pampanga. Pagasinan... Palawan (Paragua Sur).. Principe .. Rizal.... Romblon. .. Sámar.... Sorsogon. Surigao Tárlac .. Tayabas.. Tiagán.. Tondo... Unión...... Zambales ... Zamboanga 13,721 150, 947 a 179, 305 1 348, 371 7,496 36,219 108, 492 3,966 163, 349 178, 258 386,477 7,100 48, 302 2,896 169,983 20, 273 33, 668 163, 349 215,792 462, 444 10,795 48, 302 22, 630 169, 983 100,000 46, 152 270, 491 m 86, 680m 119,607 m 137,083 9 1.819 40,623 (9) n 30, 473 156, 850 266, 333 112,957 (9) 16,152 270, 491 300, 392 ()'°19 12,000 21,366 18, 796 26, 226 26, 727 36, 429 55, 535 13,194 955, 063 78,104 40, 038 196, 120 35, 445 35, 136 47,388 17,753 17,974 $ 69, 135 22. 236 156, 272 242, 476 $ 15,506 t 106, 381 119, 322 $19, 745 20, 411 67, 656 116, 024 46, 940 148, 137 122, 734 156, 610 19, 379 223, 902 302, 181 5,985 4,198 + 152, 232 87,468 32, 209 # 203, 137 249, 507 3,561 11,124 161, 679 (W) 56, 978 250,000 48,000 23,069 106, 200 126,942 (1) 231, 512 140, 498 156, 610 60, 628 223, 922 302, 128 50,000 10, 470 u 246, 940 55, 339 195, 380 98,650 85, 125 89, 339 109, 780 200, 348 57, 922 94,730 110, 103 (W) 34, 828 184, 386 87, 090 67, 760 89, 439 109, 780 7,793 82, 619 95, 215 48, 676 149,951 80, 110 281, 499 233,062 (2) 18,841 8, 640 44, 225 95, 260 103, 630 a 79,568 11.597 110,064 a 87, 275 17,199 110, 164 87, 295 117,503 9,766 8,618 Total 2,026,230 3,096, 0313, 800, 163 4.698, 477 5,981, 727 6,975, 073 * Decrease due to changes in boundaries. • Province of Sorsogon cut off from Albay. • Included in Unión. d Included in Cebú. • Includes Siquijor which is now attached to Negros Oriental. fIncludes Isabela. Includes Paragua Norte. h See Surigao. i Includes Bohol. i Includes Concepción. Included in Laguna. Included in Caga yan. m Includes Infanta. Includes Tiagán. o See Tondo. p Included in Albay. 9 Includes Marinduque and Lúbang. See Rizal. • Ineludes Principe. + Includes Tárlac. u Includes Manila province except Manila city and Mórong. Included in Cápiz. Included in Albay. * Included in Pampanga. » Included in Lepanto. * See Manila. Also see " Population January 1, 1902,"' under Manila city. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 31 By the act of July 1, 1902, "to temporarily provide for the adminis- tration of the affairs of the civil government in the Philippine Islands” (sec. 6), a census of the islands is provided for, to be taken by the Philippine Commission, under heads of enumeration stated. General totals of the population of the Philippine Archipelago under the Spanish census of 1887. Men. Women. Total. Total population enumerated. 3,035, 318 2,960,843 5,996, 161 Residents present: Spanish and native.... Foreign ...... 2,960, 725 33, 458 2,940, 429 456 5, 901, 154 33,914 932 60, 140 953 Transient: Spanish and native.... 40,203 19,937 Foreign. 21 Residents absent: Spanish and native. 47,177 17,574 Foreign ........... 516 29 Total ................. 3,041, 876 2,958, 488 Enumerated or estimated in report accompanying atlas of Philippine Islands, trans- mitted by the Philippine Commission to the President, Volume III, December, 1900.... Grand total enumerated (1887) and estimated (1900) 64, 751 545 6,000, 364 974, 709 6,975, 073 Males... Females.... A summary of population, according to sex, and total by provinces, under the partial census of 1896, shows for the 37 provinces given- 1, 380, 256 .... 1,410, 490 Total.. .. 2,790, 746 No returns of population under the attempted census of 1896 were found for the islands or provinces of Basilan, Batangas, Batanes, Bon- toc, Burias, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Cebú, Corre- gidor, Cotabato, Dávao, Laguna, Leyte, Negros Oriental, Pampanga, Sorsogon, Surigao, Tarlac, and Tiagán. Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces. [Complete alphabetical list of pueblos or name centers of population districts, arranged under islands or provinces, together with the population of each town (pueblo) and aggregate for the political division as a whole.] [The figures for 1896 are results of an official census undertaken by Spain and interrupted by a new insurrection. The work was never completed nor published by Spain, but has been under the auspices of the bureau of statistics of the insular government. (Report United States Philippine Commission 1900-1901, part 2, pp. 583-593.) These figures are reproduced here solely for information and not comparison. The 1887 figures are often greater than those of 1896, which can only be accounted for in the constant shifting of population or other casualties incident to the hardships of a rude life and to tribal rule or unstable government in any form.] Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. Women. Total. ABRA, Alfonso XII Bangued.... Búcay. Dolores. Paz, La. Piddigan... 887 10,579 2, 288 8, 292 2,538 2, 781 1,133 1, 739 1, 404 770 8,121 2,594 929 1,772 1,469 794 648 | 16,413 6,132 2,062 3,511 2,873 1,564 1, 231 Pilar ... San Gregorio 583 1, 663 23 towns not reported in the census of 1896. It was not organized in 1887. 32 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces-Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896 total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. Women. Total. 463 415 386 495 1,649 1,079 808 714 960 3, 201 2,049 20, 351 40,618 43, 300 Catandesalles Bad ABRA-continued. San José de Manabo ...... 1,197 393 San Juan .... 1,146 328 San Quintín ... 1, 273 Tayum....... 1,552 Villavieja.... 2,657 1,070 Total.... 24,471 20, 267 Estimated, 1901 (not including Bontoc). ALBAY.a Albay.... 11, 920 5, 749 Bacacay .. 10, 824 5,056 Bacon .... 7,068 Barcelona b 2, 338 Bulan 4,003 Bulusan 2,411 Cagsaua........ 22, 186 9, 604 Calolbon. 1,855 Camálig......... 15,092 7,091 Caramoran...... 478 Casiguran .... 2, 807 Castilla ... 1,219 Catanduai gamano 590 Catanduanes Bató 3, 395 Donsol b. 2,871 Gúbat b 6,285 Guinobatan. 20,964 9,685 Irosin ........ 2,184 Jovellar... 5,170 1,870 Juban b..... 2,043 Legaspi ..... 6, 407 3,586 Libog ........ 6,378 3, 492 Libong. 6,770 Ligao .. 17,886 Magallanes b. 1,339 Malilipot. 5, 742 2,586 Malinao 13, 071 5,828 Manitao 2,528 Matnog Oás.... 15,055 5, 203 Pandán. 955 Payo. 890 Pilar ....... 2,342 Polangui.... 10,123 4,404 Sorsogon b... 5,258 Tabaco.... 20, 095 8,477 Tiui (Tivi). 8,816 5,048 1,488 Virac 2,663 Total.. 199, 027 146,498 Estimated, 1901 (exclusive of Sorsogon detached). ANTIQUE. Aniniy. 5,130 2,467 Antique..... 7,174 3,574 Barbaza.. 6,067 2,357 Bugason .. 10, 076 4, 294 Cagayancilloc 2,339 Caritan 2,775 1,631 Culasi.. 9,992 4,269 Dao....... 7, 413 3, 751 Egaña ... 4,943 1, 103 Guisijan. 4,218 1,837 Nalupa ... 2,902 1,395 Pandan.... 8,660 5,038 Patnongon.. 6,120 2, 934 San José de Buenavista ..... 5, 806 3,068 San Pedro..... 5,960 3, 213 San Remigio......... 3,544 1,759 Sebaste or Ypago .. 3,681 2,020 * 8 towns not reported in census of 1896. b Now in the province of Sorsogon, organized after 1887. Not reported in the census of 1887. 5, 923 5, 184 7,029 2,068 3,933 2, 255 10,694 1.753 7,396 416 2,721 1,089 710 3,337 2, 750 5,840 10, 157 2, 014 1,693 1,798 3,596 3,624 2,250 8,586 1, 249 2,657 6,000 754 1, 852 5,746 929 847 2, 208 4, 702 5,067 8,178 5, 115 1, 439 2,764 11, 672 10, 240 14, 097 4, 406 7,936 4.666 20, 298 3,608 14,487 (894 5,528 2, 308 1,300 6, 732 5,621 12, 125 19, 842 4,198 3,563 3,841 7,182 7,116 4,563 16,980 2,588 5,243 11, 828 1,588 3,665 10,949 1,884 1, 737 4,550 9, 106 10, 315 16, 655 10,163 2,927 5,427 2,313 8, 394 834 1,813 Vega ... 147, 281 293, 779 228, 139 2.514 4,030 2, 171 4,621 4,981 7,604 4,828 8,915 1,824 4,869 3,798 1, 263 2,008 1,466 5, 616 3,305 3, 266 3,617 1, 746 2,371 | 3, 455 9. 138 7,549 2, 366 3,845 2, 861 10, 654 6,239 6,334 6, 830 3,505 4, 391 SONT V. S. TRANSPORT GRANT IN MANILA BAY, LUZON. U S. CABLE SHIP BURNSIDE OFF DUMAGUETE, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, VISAYAS. LAYING CABLE NEAR CORREGIDOR ISLAND, MANILA BAY, LUZÓN. IGORROTE CARRIERS IN BENGUET, LUZÓN. A means of transportation called "urimol" in Tagalog. IGORROTE CARRIERS PREPARING THEIR DINNER, BENGUET, LUZON. ON THE MARCH, LUZÓN. NARROW-GAUGE RAILROAD, TARLAC, LUZÓN. ROAD BUILDING IN LUZON. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 33 Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces-Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men, Women. Total. ANTIQUE-continued. Sibalón..... Tibiao .. 11, 820 5,546 4,120 5,789 2,952 2, 156 6, 496 3, 249 2, 270 12, 285 6, 201 4,426 Valderrama...... Total. Estimated, 1901 ... 118, 284 55, 607 60,800 116, 407 115, 434 BALÁBAC. 208 1,048 786 Balábac.. Estimated, 1901. 1,884 2, 100 BATAÁN. 4,403 1,418 7,564 2,380 4,793 1, 997 Abucay ..... Bagac..... Balanga.................... Dinalupijan ..... Llana Hermosa Mabatang Mariveies.. Morón .. Orani.. Orión. Pilar .... Sámal...... 2,376 1,935 1, 445 2,797 5, 296 8, 645 3, 408 4,946 2, 406 1,022 4,305 2,013 1,873 942 885 1,377 3,015 3,781 1, 862 2,469 2, 392 975 4,003 1,771 1, 718 915 805 1,276 2,934 3,648 1,887 2,469 8,308 3, 784 3, 591 1,857 1,690 2,653 5, 949 7, 429 3, 749 4,938 Total. Estimated, 1901..... 46,613 25,850 24,893 50, 743 50, 761 BATANES. 686 596 San Bartolomé de Calayan..... San Carlos de Magosa.. San Jose de Ibana .......... Santa Maria de Itbayas... Santo Domingo de Basco. San Vicente de Saptán..... 669 640 1,102 338 1, 643 868 1,135 377 . 1, 620 853 1, 355 1, 236 2,237 715 3,263 1,721 Total. 5,260 5,273 10,583 BATANGAS. 8, 236 17, 814 18, 363 6,044 1,007 2,970 Balayan Batangas. Bauan. Calacá .... Calatagán... Cuenca ... Ibaan .. Lemery ...... Lian .... Lipa ..... Loboo.... Nasugbú Rosario San José San Juan. San Luis.. Santo Tomás.. 4,664 7, 710 2,389 7,978 17,617 17, 282 6,219 996 2,674 4,353 7,676 2,488 22,494 2.575 4,062 7,194 4,845 5, 631 2, 831 5,505 10,657 3,529 10,332 3, 516 5,608 156,062 20,583 2,550 3,776 7,182 5, 028 5,537 3.068 5,534 11, 382 3,276 10,120 3,688 5, 403 16, 214 35, 431 35, 645 12, 263 2, 003 5,644 9, 017 15, 886 4,877 43,077 5,125 7,838 14,376 9,874 11,168 5,899 11.039 22.039 6,805 20. 452 7,204 11,011 Taal........... Talisay ......... Tanauan..... Taysan... Tuy..... Total.. Estima ted, 1901 156,062 312, 124 311,180 183 818 138 313 271 631 490 287 2491 BENGUET. Abundao.. Adaoay .... Ambuclao.. . .... 202 Ampusiñgan. 625 * Included territorially in Cagayan de Luzon. b10 towns not reported in census of 1896. Not reported in 1887. S. Doc. 280— 3* 34 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces—Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. | Women. Total. BENGUET—continued. 726 330 362 A toc Baguio... Balábac. Bocot .... Buguias.. Cabayan.. Capañgan. Daclán.. Galiano. Guibuñgan .. Itogon Loo.. Palina .. Sablán.. Trinidad Tublay. 370 521 581 533 516 451 402 137 541 201 320 770 583 692 325 320 346 592 655 561 478 419 283 1,418 655 682 716 1,113 1, 236 1,094 994 870 685 249 1, 015 392 543 1,589 1, 182 609 112 474 191 223 819 599 1. 409 1,186 7,054 Total.. Estimated, 1901..... 8,082 7,789 15, 871 15, 175 BOHOL. 7,438 4,057 5,842 7,619 6, 093 3,432 5,777 3,035 1,757 2,673 3,791 2, 716 645 3,992 7,901 19,283 5, 232 2,073 Alburquerque ... Anda .... Antequera ... Baclayón.. Balilijan...... Batuanan... Calape...... Candijay Canoan. Carmen Catigbian.. Corella.. Dauis ..... Dimiao.... Duero... Garcia Hernández. Getafe Guindulman ...... Guinduhúan ... Inabanga. ſpil .. Jagna. Lauis. 2,180 4,217 8,545 8,336 5,065 4, 106 8,571 10, 405 1,160 3,058 1,675 3,104 4, 110 2, 356 643 4,163 1, 761 4,387 1.553 1,010 1, 922 3, 761 4,005 2,967 3,010 3,400 5, 104 604 6,359 3, 663 2, 243 3, 273 5, 606 5,072 1,288 8, 155 3,834 8,828 3,170 2, 005 3,735 7, 248 7, 901 5,727 5,768 6,737 10,344 Lila ... Loay.. 4, 441 1,617 995 1, 813 3, 487 3,896 2, 760 2,758 3,337 5,240 579 5, 908 3,525 2,012 3,080 5,150 6,084 2,500 5,096 2, 403 2, 436 2, 667 2,723 743 4,551 3,770 5,862 2,039 3,344 3,093 122, 291 6, 237 Loboc. Loón.............. Maria ...... Maribojoc .... Paminuitan or Cortés Panglao... San Juan Sevilla ... Sierra-Bullones Siquijor..... Tagbilaran.. Talibón... Tubigón .... U'bay... Valencia ..... Vilar. 11, 254 6,018 2, 476 5,190 2,796 1, 837 2,761 2,614 717 4,660 3, 858 1,962 5,750 1,600 3,688 3,150 1.183 12, 267 7,188 4,255 6,353 10, 756 12, 321 4,976 10, 286 5,199 4,272 5, 428 5,337 1, 460 9, 211 7,628 4.0 11, 612 3,639 7.032 6,243 2,049 5,916 116,744 Total..... 124, 224 Estimated, 1901. 246,515 260,000 BONTOC. Alaf ...... 111 384 94 Agua. Ambaycan.. Anquilén .... Antedo .... Baininao.. Bəlifi ... 140 298 112 150 173 251 682 206 286 329 136 156 68 144 94 186 * 18 towns not reported in census of 1896. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 35 Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces--Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. Women. Total. BONTOC-continued. 582 253 177 117 187 516 99 329 212 151 202 471 116 82 163 176 235 101 208 145 360 72 Balugan. Banaue... Betuagin. Bolinang. Bontoc... Can-co...... Cristiano... Cunugun .... Dalicam ...... Fidilizan... Guinaon ... Inapuy..... Mainic..... Malecón. Piquigan. Poquitan. Quinaquil Sacasacan .. Sandañga... Sagada....... Sanuqui.. Taccón.... Talubing Tanulon. Tetapan .. Tucucan.... 319 62 136 281 180 193 280 163 243 389 272 389 987 215 156 339 443 246 679 134 829 661 293 439 290 95 568 1, 090 532 341 611 251 196 162 292 504 257 165 298 113 581 204 41 276 586 275 176 313 138 506 199 1,037 403 6,666 7,109 13,775 13, 985 4, 108 8,563 9,755 17,250 9,336 7,561 10,085 11, 860 6,635 15, 712 14,548 17,803 13,467 4, 691 3, 911 4,280 5,945 3,866 5,774 2,596 4,044 8. 660 4,809 3, 904 4,820 5,946 3, 431 5,839 2, 538 Total. Estimated, 1901 (not included in Abrá)... BULACAN Angat... Baliuag ....... Barasoain.. Bigaa.. Bocaue... Bulacan Bustos .... Calumpit .... Guiguinto.. Hagonoy............ Malolos .............. Marilao ........ Meycauayan.. Norzagaray .. Obando... Paombong.. Polo .. Pulilan. Quiñgua. San Ildefonso. San Josés .... San Miguel de Mayumo San Rafael..... Santa Isabel ....... Santa Maria de Pandi... 8,152 17,223 9,500 7.815 8,600 11,891 6,797 11, 613 5,134 18,500 15, 706 4,566 9, 256 6,111 8,177 10, 162 9,104 5,073 7.576 9,098 5,276 1,180 9,285 10, 645 11, 233 3,982 6, 480 9, 396 7,880 2,222 4, 646 2,997 3,884 4,152 5, 199 5,033 3,680 3,576 1,338 9, 655 5, 065 3,804 4,884 7, 826 2,344 4, 610 3. 114 3,692 4,025 4,963 4,836 3,632 3, 686 1, 422 9, 742 5,084 3,216 4,592 119, 122 9,869 15,563 7, 135 6.223 10, 288 7,312 7,262 2, 760 19,897 10,149 6,520 9, 476 Total.. Estimated, 1901. 114,962 120, 342 239, 464 239, 222 879 811 1,690 1, 703 3,210 BURIAS. San Pascual.... Estimated, 1901 CAGAYAN DE LUZÓN, Abúlug .... 6.410 Alcalá ..... Amúlung Aparri. Buguey. Camalaniugan... Claveria * Not reported in the census of 1896. 10 towns not reported in census of 1896. 2,973 3,476 3,689 624 05 06 05 0 6, 290 6,056 6, 708 7,620 1, 202 4,194 3,654 36 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces—Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. Women. Total. 5, 466 5, 409 CAGAYAN DE LUZÓN-continued. Enrile. Gattaran Iguig.... Lal-ló.... Maláneg ....... Nagsiping....... Pamplona .... Piat... Santo Niño..... Solana .. Tuao.... Tuguegarao... Sanchez Mira a.. 2,715 592 2,319 2, 199 1, 474 473 2, 478 973 2,575 2,963 2,488 619 2,190 2,095 1,473 491 2, 451 1, 338 1, 614 2, 910 2, 442 9, 300 5, 203 1,211 4,509 4,294 2,947 964 4,929 2,591 3, 303 6,087 4,800 19,277 1, 253 1,689 3, 177 2, 358 9,977 2,988 ... Total... Estimated, 1901........ 33,940 48, 61047, 229 95, 839 96, 367 CALAMIANES. Agutaya ........ Culion... Cuyo.. 1, 796 3,252 8,192 947 2, 351 4,112 1, 251 1,920 4,791 2, 198 4,277 8, 903 Total... Estimated, 1901 .. 13,2407,416 7,962 15,378 16, 338 CAMARINES NORTE. Basud. Capalonga Dáệt .. Indán....... Labo........ Mambulao.. Paracale.. San Vicente.. Talisay.. 851 583 4,020 3,248 2,146 461 1, 336 436 1,766 829 551 3,973 2,946 1,974 1, 608 1, 134 7,993 6,194 4,120 939 2,762 869 3,419 478 1, 426 433 1,653 14,847 14,263 29, 110 Total..... Estimated, 1901, see Camarines Sur "Ambos Cam- arines." CAMARINES SUR. Baao. Bágay. Bató Bombón Buhi...... Bula ........ Calabanga Camaligàn Canamản. Gainza. 7,044 1,703 4,675 2, 368 7, 202 2,958 5,497 3,465 5,422 Goa ... Iriga Lagonoy .. Libmanán Lupi ...... Mabatobató.. Magårao ... Manguirín... Milaor.. Minalábag .. Nabua ... Nueva Cáceres.. Pamplona .. Hasacao......... Hili............. Quipayo San Fernando San José Sipocot... Siroma. Tigaon.... Tinambac. 3, 491 911 2, 331 1, 227 3,493 1,489 2,741 1,883 2,759 1, 375 2,810 7,630 5,082 7, 207 397 611 2, 821 348 2, 353 1,701 8,618 4,905 1,648 760 1,539 945 1,531 3,832 620 324 1,555 1, 339 3,553 792 2, 344 1,141 3,709 1,469 2, 756 1,782 2,663 1,525 2,764 7,599 5, 258 7,448 393 585 2,842 349 2,700 1, 920 8,626 4,346 1, 605 2, 900 5,574 15, 229 10, 340 14,655 790 1, 196 5, 663 697 5,053 3,621 17, 244 9, 251 3, 253 1, 413 3,087 1, 915 3,068 7,903 1,069 583 3,079 2,615 653 1,548 970 1,537 4,071 449 259 1,524 1,276 82, 908 Total.. Estimated, 1901, Ambos Camarines Norte and Sur.. 82, 380 | 165, 288 194,022 Organized after 1887. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 37 Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces --Continued. Partial census, Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Island or province, by towns or districts. 1896, total. CÁPIZ,4 12, 864 Balete..... Banga......... Batán........ Buruanga .......... Calivo..... Cápiz....... Cuartero ... Dao Dumálag. Dumarao.. Ibájay......... Ibisan........... Jagnaya......... 1,171 4,006 5,533 2, 302 6,102 8,192 1, 152 3,364 4,486 1.982 5,926 8,500 2,170 2, 671 3. 659 2, 427 5,904 1, 298 10,314 10,706 4,099 8, 032 8,443 5,599 11, 608 2,787 2, 169 1,194 3, 135 2, 453 2, 606 3,731 2, 728 6,258 1,472 1,093 Jimeno...... 2, 409 2,323 7,370 10,019 4,284 12, 028 16, 692 4, 623 5,277 7,390 5,150 12,162 2,770 2,095 881 3,793 3,783 2,920 1,980 6,589 3, 811 6,586 8,525 4,214 6,111 19, 343 6, 455 4,833 6,491 3,181 4,960 2, 398 Libacao .... Loctugan.. Maayon. Macató. Madalag ...... Malinao ....... Mambusao ... Navas....... Numancia... Panay.... Panitan ..... Pilar ........ 2,590 416 1,495 1,672 1, 813 1,383 984 3,184 1,842 3,183 4, 222 2, 035 3,013 9,657 3, 336 2,380 3,264 1,546 2,579 1.559 465 1,445 2, 121 1,940 1,537 996 8, 405 1, 969 3, 103 4,303 2,179 3,098 1, 616 10, 224 7,068 10, 929 5,561 11,965 3,119 2, 453 Sapián. Sigma Tangalan. 2,814 10, 090 2,688 3, 448 2,652 3,319 1, 635 2,381 1,578 1,285 Tapás 2, 486 167, 318 95, 335 99,867 195, 202 224,000 Total.... Estimated 1901 ........ CAVITE Alfonso .. Amadeo ... Bacoor. 3,354 1, 705 5,230 3,672 1,578 6,455 2,495 3,053 2,012 1,376 3, 216 5, 175 5, 760 1.870 2,036 2,918 1,871 1,016 3,086 7, 026 3,283 11, 685 4,531 5, 971 3,883 2.392 6,302 12, 142 6,967 Caridad, La. Carmona.. Cavite .. Cavite Viejo. Imus... Indang ........... Magallanes ....... Maragondón.. Méndez Núnez.. Naic ...... Noveleta... Pérez Damariñas Rosario .. San Francisco de Malabón... San Roque.......... .. Santa Cruz de Malabón. Silang ......... Ternate......... Total... Estimated 1901. 1, 835 3,485 1,105 2,160 4,248 2,875 4,024 3,588 1, 246 5,088 1,107 4,143 1,816 4,593 1,109 2,179 2,988 4,148 2,477 8,277 3,651 8,078 2, 214 4,339 6,076 8,396 5, 667 7. 453 7, 224 2,371 2.792 3, 429 3. 636 1.125 67, 809 66, 477 134, 286 134, 569 CEBÚ. 1, 625 3, 261 Alcántara. Alcoy... Alegria Aloguinsan Argao. Asturias.. Badián. Balambán Bantayan Barili.... Bogó ..... 1,636 1,387 4,672 1,899 11,577 3,580 3,554 5,836 6,861 9. 230 7,822 4, 205 1,649 11.545 3,351 2,658 8,877 3,548 23, 122 6,931 7,373 11,113 13,898 17, 769 15, 192 5,277 7.037 8.539 7,370 *5 towns not reported in census of 1896. 8 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces—Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. Women. Total. CEBÚ—continued. 2,514 2, 145 Boljoon.... Borbón. Cárcar Carmen. Catmon. Cebú. Compostela ... Consolación.. Córdoba........ Daan Bantayán. Dalaguete. Danao ... Dumanjug. Ginatilan Liloan ... Malaboyoc. Mandaue .. Medellín..... Minglanilla.. Moalboal .. Naga. Nueva Cáceres... Opón.. Oslob .... Pardo...... 1, 680 12, 458 3,065 2,685 5, 468 2,188 2, 162 3,073 4,647 9, 145 6,501 1,622 4,809 4,051 3, 320 5,241 2, 362 8,562 2,805 5,255 2,553 1,750 13,581 3, 273 2, 744 5,730 2, 243 3,256 4,974 10,124 7,014 5, 106 4,595 3,990 3,627 4, 877 2,599 9,342 3,124 5,270 2, 644 5,032 2,811 4,931 2, 103 2,271 3,530 2, 240 3,404 6, 678 3, 198 11, 234 3,456 1,191 1,471 1,868 11, 739 3, 084 3, 874 3,618 8,395 4,374 4, 119 5, 067 3,430 26, 039 6, 338 5, 429 11,198 4,431 4,307 6, 329 9,621 19, 269 13,575 9,728 9, 404 8, 041 6,947 10, 118 4,961 17, 904 5, 929 10,525 5, 104 10, 267 5,664 9,450 4, 231 4,443 6, 932 4,339 7,088 11,967 6, 486 21,586 6,681 2, 442 2,935 3,820 22,979 5,872 7,772 7,218 16, 089 8,520 8, 264 Pilar ... . 2, 460 5, 235 2,853 4,519 2,128 2, 172 3, 402 2,099 3,648 5, 289 3,288 10, 352 3, 225 1,251 1, 465 1,952 11, 240 2, 788 3,898 3,600 7, 694 4,146 4, 145 Pinamungahan Poro ........... Ronda ... Samboan........ San Fernando San Francisco San Nicolás. San Remigio. San Sebastián. Santa Fe Santander ... Sibonga....... Sógod ........ Tabogón.... Talambán .. Talisay .. Toledo... Tuburan. Total.. Estimated 1901.. 257, 326 246,096 503, 422 518, 032 CORREGIDOR. San José ... Estimated 1901 ............. 237 221 458 420 COTABATO. Cotabato. Polloc. Tamontaca 556 217 656 + 337 173 Olloc.... 893 390 1, 258 602 Total........... . Estimated 1901..... 1, 429 1, 112 2,541 4,148 DÁVAO. 97 Astorga .. Dávao... Sigaboy.. Luzón. Mati Santa Cruz.. 803 322 108 278 364 76 670 291 125 257 350 173 1,473 613 233 535 714 Total.. Estimated 1901. 1,972 1, 769 3, 741 33, 668 ILOCOS NORTE, Bacarra ... Badọc. Bangui .. 10, 846 ... 6,129 | a 7 towns not reported in census of 1896. 7,062 6,099 4,020 6,887 5,518 3,744 13, 949 11, 617 7,794 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 39 Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces-Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. Women. Total. ILOCOS NORTE-continued. 2,146 Bátae ... Banná.. Dingrás..... Laoag .. Nagpartián Paoay.... Pasuquin Piddig.. San Miguel San Nicolás Solsona .. Vintar. 28, 322 10,341 5,743 6, 398 8,541 8,446 2, 200 6.006 15,324 1.804 6,138 3,623 4,049 5,676 6,524 2,119 4,626 8,535 1, 912 5,663 15,546 1, 673 6,009 3, 639 3,779 5,575 6,532 2,031 4,552 16,981 4,112 11,669 30, 840 3,477 12, 147 7,262 7,828 11, 251 13,056 4,150 9, 178 78. 466 83, 716 Total.. Estimated 1901... 81,595 165, 311 163, 349 ILOCOS SUR. 2,826 5,855 9,197 2, 208 3, 311 41,817 9, 843 210 6,826 487 993 667 2, 511 2,111 Bantay.. Cabugao .. Candón ... Caoa yan.. Lapog.... Magsingal Narvacán.. Nueva Coveta.. Salcedo... San Esteban. San Ildefonso. San Vicente Santa ....... Santa Catalina.. Santa Cruz..... Santa Lucia... Santa María ... Santiago. Santo Domingo Sevilla .... Sinait.. Tagudín.. 2, 924 6,127 8,774 3, 136 3,515 4,717 8,550 225 809 1,362 1,311 2, 637 4,127 2, 571 3,847 3,562 6,281 2,049 4,056 767 3,719 6, 718 7,018 2,832 5,750 11,982 17,971 5,314 9,534 18, 393 435 1,802 2,821 2,584 5,469 8,700 5, 167 7,656 7,566 12,622 4, 123 8,114 1,495 7,503 13, 797 14, 249 1,459 1,273 4,573 2,596 3, 809 4,004 6,341 2,074 4,058 728 3,784 7,079 7,231 8,472 5,527 5,941 7,113 12, 167 3, 643 8,704 1,065 7,482 7,959 Vigan... 73,849 88, 802 91, 101 Total.. Estimated 1901... 179, 903 215, 792 ILOILO, 9, 388 10,197 8, 459 3,286 6,252 12,776 6,576 5,972 20,284 7,754 10,234 3,872 19, 939 6,497 1,670 5, 705 1, 620 1,690 3,036 6,357 3,120 3,002 10, 342 3,879 4,993 1,855 1,600 6,503 2, 916 8,454 5.744 5.080 5.780 2,693 11, 140 Ajuy.... Alimodián. Anilao.. Arévalo.... Banate... Barotac Nuevo. Barotac Viejo.. Buenavista Cabatuan. Calinog.. Carlés... Concepción Córdoba Dingle.. Dueñas .. Dumangas Guimbal ... Igbarás .... Iloilo. Janiuay. Jaro...... Lambunao Leganés.. Lemery ... León ...... Lucena ... Maasin.... Mandurriao. Miagao..... Mina ....... 12, 800 4,718 5,092 1,839 1,596 3,216 6,578 3,456 2,970 9,942 3,875 5,441 2,017 1,618 6, 297 3,423 8,282 5,818 4,872 6,184 12, 712 5,383 3,895 2,265 1,231 6,362 2,597 5,194 2,599 10,348 2, 458 14,925 6, 429 19, 417 10, 333 10, 059 6, 339 16,736 11, 562 9,952 11, 364 25, 743 10,993 7,727 4,553 2, 493 5,403 190 C 13,168 059 10, 126 476 6,697 2,806 5,282 2,640 10,384 2,662 22,066 5,259 20, 732 5,720 *9 towns not reported in census of 1896. b18 towns not reported in census of 1896. 40 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces—Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. Women. Total. ILOILO-continued. Nagaba (Guimarás Island) Otón. Passi. Pavía 4,701 14, 280 7,281 5,794 14,567 8,629 7,924 3,872 20,912 Paz ...... 3,636 2,804 7, 332 4,330 3,959 1,908 10, 325 2,195 1,526 6,349 3,373 7,536 4,375 3,084 16,074 3,725 *7,198 15,528 10, 154 5,594 12,516 3,645 2,987 7,235 4, 299 3,965 1,964 10,587 2,180 1,558 6, 167 3, 457 7,631 3, 204 4,838 2,696 2,857 210, 911 Pototan.. San Dionisio . San Enrique... San Joaquín ... San Miguel (Angoy) Santa Bárbara Sara.... Tigbauan .. Tubuñgan. Zárraga .... Total... Estimated, 1901 INFANTA. Binangonan de Lampón... Polillo .... 3, 246 5,066 2,621 2,830 210,957 6,830 15, 167 6, 451 9, 904 5, 317 5,687 230, 196 421, 868 462, 444 9,097 1,784 3,043 530 2,982 564 6, 025 1,114 Total..... 10, 881 3,593 3,546 Estimated, 1901. 7,139 10,795 ISABELA DE BASILAN. Isabela..... Estimated, 1901 (for the entire island of Basilan. 561 397 985 8,000 ISABELA DE LUZÓN. Angadanán ..... Cabagán Nuevo. Cabagán Viejo... 3, 278 7,436 3,796 1,599 2, 257 1, 104 2,890 1,725 Carig......... . 700 637 1,011 1,084 2,953 1,771 1,148 823 506 2, 233 1,824 5,816 Cauayan . Coloma de Santa Isabela a... Cordón...... Echague. Gamúa... Ilagan .... Naguiiánb. Palanan... Reina Mercedes Santa Maria Tumauini... 779 2,188 5, 843 3,496 1,337 2, 159 1,602 976 3, 986 4,022 11, 275 470 1,753 2,198 5, 459 1,074 6,878 4, 259 2, 172 1,054 2,062 1,569 5, 238 483 980 976 1,463 2, 289 497 831 1,379 2,082 1, 807 2, 842 437 Total.... Estimated, 1901 42,672 24, 069 22, 815 46,884 48, 302 LAGUNA (LA). Alaminos .. Baños (Los). Bay Biñang.. Cavinti Cabuyao. Calamba .. Caláuang .. Lilio .. Longos...... Luisiana .. Lumbang .. Mabitac. Magdalena. Majaijay. Nagcarlán. Paete. Pagsanján. Pangil Páquil Pila 2, 374 2, 292 1,349 1, 404 1,179 1,175 7,358 8,094 2,900 2,804 4, 428 4,601 4,628 4,180 1,607 2, 153 2, 990 2,985 641 785 2, 221 2,388 2,423 2,528 704 694 1,478 1,665 3,554 3, 632 6,342 7,244 1, 438 1,491 3,535 3,589 1, 432 1, 362 891 3,058 3, 103 • Not reported in 1887. 4,666 2,753 2,354 15, 452 5,701 9,029 8,808 3,760 5,975 1, 426 4,609 4,951 1, 398 3, 143 7. 176 13,586 2, 929 7,124 2,794 1,826 6,161 935 • Not reported in census of 1896. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces-Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. Women. Total. LAGUNA (LA)-continued. San Antonio ... San Pablo..... San Pedro Tunasán Santa Cruz...... Santa María...... Santa Rosa..... Siniloan... 783 9.726 2,227 6,417 433 4,799 2,621 890 9, 639 2,177 6,523 422 4, 646 2, 667 86, 024 1,673 19, 365 4,404 12,940 855 9, 355 5,288 Total....... 83,480 Estimated, 1901. 169 504 169, 183 LEPANTO. Cervantes.............. Estimated, 1901.... 920 8,146 7,880 16, 026 46,1% The census of 1896 states in detail the population of the towns organized after 1887, as it is contained in the following additional table: 731 180 263 385 520 450 2,055 468 149 Angàqui ....... Bagnen. Balaca .. Banaso. Banco.. Banguitan. Besao ....... Cadanaanan. Cagubalan .. Cayán.. Cervantes. Dain Data ..... Gayán.. Guinsadán Ibanao Lenga.. Lesseb . Luban .... Malaya.... Mancayan .. Masla..... Namatec... Namitpit. Otucan... Pandayan. Pilipil. Pingad. Quinali .. Sabañgan. Sumedel Suyon..... Tacbac.. Tadián. Ululin. 671 920 336 841 203 749 630 276 431 690 1,174 1, 469 525 186 568 483 271 164 738 171 739 565 614 442 735 185 628 Vila.. Total.. 21, 608 LEYTE. 8, 293 Alang-Alang. Albuera... Almería .... Babatungon Barugo .. Bato .... Baybay ...... Biliran..... Burauen ... Cabalian... Cajagnaán.. Capoocan.. Carigara Caibiran Degami Duiag... Hilongos... 3,145 1,523 1, 240 668 4,199 1,275 5,848 882 7,242 2.174 566 654 6,553 2.434 11,819 4.639 7,848 2,958 1.307 1,160 654 4,094 1.337 5,596 785 6.692 1,947 568 691 6, 127 2,011 11,929 4.454 5,827 6,103 2,830 2,400 1,322 2,612 11, 444 1.667 13,931 4, 121 1,134 1,345 12, 680 23,748 9,093 13, 675 42 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces-Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. Women. Total. LEYTE-continued. Hinunangan...... Hindang................. Einundayan... Inopacan .... Jaro .. Leyte .... Liloan ... Maasin... Mac-Crohon.. Malibago. Malitbog Maripipi Matalom.. Mérida.... Naval.. Ormoc .. Palo ..... Palompón Quiot San Isidro del Campo. San Miguel ... San Ricardo .. Sógod... Tacloban .... Tanauan.. Tolosa ... Villaba 722 3, 382 2, 235 1, 788 1,477 4, 724 1,598 1,567 7,353 2,556 425 3,887 807 2, 378 863 1,475 6,776 8, 229 2, 781 959 1,684 1, 315 1, 702 2, 150 2,505 7,264 2, 490 1, 292 3, 370 2,180 1,774 1, 315 4,504 1.673 1, 419 7,120 2, 329 390 3,579 2, 293 849 1.360 6,539 7,826 2,984 1,066 6,752 4, 415 3,562 2,792 9.228 3,211 2. 986 14, 473 4,985 815 7, 466 1,529 4, 671 1, 712 2, 835 1, 315 16,055 5,765 2, 025 3,145 2,048 3,077 OL.... 1,461 4,484 13,333 1, 375 2, 334 2,394 7, 360 2,395 1, 203 4,899 14, 624 4,885 2, 495 138, 471 Total.. Estimated, 1901 ... 131,284 269, 755 270, 491 MANILA. 7.289 11,643 5,005 Caloocan.. Malibay ... Manila..... Mariquina. Montalbán.. Muntinlupa.. Navotas, San José de..... Novaliches.... Pandacan... Parañaque... Pásig... Pateros.......... Pineda or Pasay Piñas (Las) ...... San Felipe Neri.. San Juan del Monte San Mateo ...... San Pedro Macatí... Santa Ana ...... Taguig.......... Tambobong... 20,983 4, 358 951 105, 296 4,870 1,689 2,138 6,699 1,123 2,419 5, 175 9,293 2,945 3,912 2,012 3,766 1,195 2, 348 1,849 1, 470 4,995 11, 160 4,501 882 63.896 4, 621 1, 663 2. 074 6,145 1,043 2, 205 4. 998 9, 256 2,817 3,872 1, 946 3,751 1,093 2.293 1,776 1, 491 4,983 10, 602 8,859 1,833 169, 192 9, 491 3,352 4,212 12, 844 2,166 4,624 10, 173 18,549 5,762 7,784 3,958 7,517 2, 288 4,641 3,625 2, 961 9,978 21, 762 5,273 10,007 2, 416 6,240 3, 802 4,467 3,351 11.048 101, 680 179,663 135, 908 315,571 250.000 Total...... Manila, 1901, municipality).. MASBATE AND TICAO. Baleno..... Cataíngan.. Magdalena... Masbate. Milagros .... Mobo...... Palanas..... San Agustín.... San Fernando. San Jacincto. Usón... 1,553 3,181 971 3,039 5, 136 2,019 2,950 1,640 4, 322 698 848 427 1, 203 1,480 680 713 419 1,081 1,505 899 1,054 707 1,378 1,561 846 2, 284 2,985 1, 783 2, 133 884 1,451 1,079 744 1,289 1, 215 1,037 1,331 3,671 2,862 1, 254 929 2. 620 2, 469 1, 966 Total.... Estimated, 1901.......... 31, 344 10, 904 10,512 21, 476 23,069 -7 towns, including the capital, not reported in census of 1896. b The districts outside of Manila are included in the new province of Rizal, organized June, 1901, except Pandacan and Santa Ana, which were annexed to the city of Manila. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 43 Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces --Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. Women. Total. MINDORO. 1,024 513 755 14,790 679 717 4,333 722 6,928 617 252 320 6,593 306 307 2,089 285 2,735 544 234 290 6,823 262 276 2,014 254 2, 701 98 93 645 1,850 186 167 408 Abra de flog Aling or Iling.... Bacó...... Boac ....... Bongabon.. Bulalácao.. Calapán... Caluya. Gasán... Iriron. Looc.. Lúbang. Mamburao Manguirín. Mansalay ... Mogpog .. Nauján. Palúan... Pinamalayan. Polá........ Puerto Galera. Sablayán.... Santa Cruz... Santa Cruz de Napo.... Semerara .... Sibay ........... Subaang ..... Ticlín...... Torrijos.. 1, 808 4, 171 840 365 432 6,619 4,919 1,817 1, 407 1, 614 1,161 486 610 13, 416 568 583 4,103 539 5,436 191 1,309 3,716 357 353 5, 173 4, 367 1,677 559 939 792 864 199 15, 568 271 399 403 275 2,909 2, 660 2.090 804 664 1,866 222 190 173 2,513 2,277 873 309 477 424 470 118 7,838 148 201 212 151 1,466 250 999 599 16, 106 310 462 368 394 81 7,730 123 198 191 124 1, 443 557 384 3,548 76,956 34,194 Total.... Estimated, 1901 33, 437 67, 631 106, 200 MISAMIS. * 1, 681 5, 306 2,888 4,498 5,027 542 1,442 1,269 2, 433 Agusan ..... Aloran... Alubijid.. Balingasag .. Cagayan ..... Catarman.. Dapitan .. Dipólog. Guingbog Guinsilitán Gusá. 3, 405 571 1,617 1,280 2,515 3, 221 2,094 1,878 1,701 1,321 835 345 737 1,550 2, 005 1,910 1,634 3, 355 4,807 1,561 Ilaya..... Iligan..... 2, 398 610 2,797 8,415 1, 827 5,340 2, 396 3, 150 829 2,978 2,265 1,309 2, 141 4,480 73 1,989 594 1,113 3,059 2,549 4,948 6, 626 4,099 3, 788 2,560 1,699 704 1,472 3,037 1, 252 4,746 5,990 1, 618 5, 661 4,373 2,565 4,173 8,787 138 3,944 1,170 7,374 1, 415 3, 154 1, 635 3, 293 2, 242 5,791 2,392 3,611 Initao.. Iponan. Jiménez .... Lagonlong. Langaran.... Loculan .. Lubungan Mahinog.. Mambajao Maria Cristina Misamis ... Molugan.... Naanán... Oroquieta ... Quinuguitan.. Sagay... Salay ........ Salvador.... Santa Ana Tagoloan .. Talisayan.. Jasaan. 2,575 2,032 1, 239 864 359 735 1,487 582 2,350 2,840 789 2,683 2,108 1, 256 4,257 65 1,955 576 553 3, 601 1,576 747 1, 605 1,167 2,877 1,130 1,791 56,528 9,512 1,061 6,485 1,239 1,334 11, 670 647 1, 200 3, 773 751 664 1,578 888 1, 688 1,075 2,914 1, 262 1,820 58, 935 4.263 Total ...... Total Estimated, 1901 .... 115, 463 126, 942 * 15 towns not reported in census of 1896. 44 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces--Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men Women. Total. MORONG. 07 1,217 1, 117 1,968 595 3,946 340 1, 196 1, 318 2,128 3,970 1, 222 7,813 667 2,388 Angono... Antipolo.............. Barás.... Binangonan ....... Bosoboso......... Cainta ....... Cardona ...... Jalajala. Mórong. Pililla.. Tanay.. Taytay.... Teresa Quisao b...... 1,394 3,561 8,354 386 2, 207 2, 407 1,687 4,919 2, 486 4,078 6,396 1, 845 776 867 2,002 627 3,867 327 1,192 1, 326 861 3, 357 1,860 2, 183 3, 734 933 3, 291 2,140 2,166 3, 738 960 2,644 1,728 6,648 4,000 4, 349 7,472 1,893 Total 41,713 23,642 23, 280 46, 922 NEGROS, 2,088 6, 676 1,259 353 1,143 3, 451 3, 196 4,252 2,622 2, 775 5,884 8,799 14, 020 2,091 1, 132 340 1,100 3,391 3,354 4,175 2,349 2, 494 2,912 1,633 5,517 1,048 3,016 1, 483 3, 383 6, 749 1, 844 4, 465 2, 868 1,921 6,644 1, 146 3, 370 1, 501 3, 368 6,498 2,048 4,504 764 594 1,214 2,195 10, 588 1,984 6, 281 16, 011 2, 229 696 560 859 1,161 Amblán Arguelles ... Ayungon Ayuquitan Bacolod..... Bacón.. Bago........ Bais........ Binalbagan Cabancalan Cádiz Nuevo.. Calatrava .. Cauayan... Carlota (La). Dancalán..... Dauin.. Dumaguete Escalante... Ginigaran Granada .... Guihulugan.. Guiljungan. Guimbalaon .. Nog ........... . Isabela............ Isio ............ Jimamaylan Jimalalud. Manapla Manjúyod .. Minulúan or Talisay Murcia...... Nueva Valencia .. Pontevedra (Marayo). San Enrique ....... Sarabia .. Siaton ..... Sibulan.. Silay. Suay... Súmag.. Tanjay.. Tayasan .. Tolón.... Valladolid ... Zamboanguita . 5,571 5,599 11, 245 1, 624 6, 842 4,179 2,391 693 2, 243 6,842 7,050 8,427 4,971 5,269 5,780 3,554 12,161 2,194 6,386 2,984 6, 751 13, 244 3,892 8,969 1, 460 1,154 2, 375 4.557 9, 218 2, 487 7,073 3,057 4, 309 4,547 7,561 2, 768 5,576 6,901 3,410 9,556 8,210 5,857 7,654 1,598 4,425 10,000 1,381 2.889 10, 207 4,869 8,343 2,241 4,998 1.334 3, 606 1,521 2, 362 2,242 3, 941 1,432 2, 692 3,572 1,750 5,164 4,209 2,931 4, 809 847 2, 362 16, 436 2, 346 6,612 3, 261 15, 745 2, 316 4,220 1,153 3,467 1,536 1,947 2,305 3,620 1, 336 2,884 3, 229 1,660 4, 392 4, 002 2, 920 3, 345 751 2,063 5, 143 695 1, 326 5,065 2, 403 14,349 2,471 4, 222 5,157 636 14, 491 1,563 5,142 2, 466 194, 873 | 124, 106 117, 268 241, 374 Total. Estimated, 1901: Occidental.. Oriental ..... 231, 572 140, 498 . Now a part of the newly made province of Rizal. Not reported in 1887. e Estimated, 1901, under Rizal. & The returns of 1896 are for Negros Occidental, as separated politically from Negros Oriental, for which no returns were found. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 45 Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces—Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. Women. Total. NUEVA ÉCIJA, A Aliaga ... 2,124 5,917 11,722 10, 641 1.785 1, 329 5,047 4, 075 856 4,510 10, 070 3, 190 9,707 1,724 1.177 4,560 3,861 702 4,192 10.216 3, 225 20,348 3,509 2,506 9,607 7.936 1,558 8,702 20, 286 6,415 5, 222 1,063 572 3, 435 Balungao. Bongabon.. Cabanatúan Cabiao ...... Carranglán Cuyapo.. Gapán .......... Jaén ........... Licabe. Nampicuán.. Pantabangán Peñaranda... Puncán ........ Rosales b. San Antonio San Isidro.. San Juan.... San Quintín .. Santa Rosa. Santor... Talavera Umingan b.. Valle.... Zaragoza. 280 614 3, 491 282 3,538 4,221 4,768 2,927 3,761 1,500 3,223 2, 460 229 2,812 3, 630 4,106 4,706 3,044 3, 817 1,848 1,599 3,216 2,554 279 3,095 78,747 2,046 1,186 6, 926 562 7,168 8,327 9,474 5,971 7,578 3,723 3,099 1, 875 1.782 7, 205 6,439 5,014 508 5,907 33, 972 76,048 Total.. Estimated, 1901. 154,795 156, 610 NUEVA VIZCAYA, Aritao ........ Bagabag ...... Bambang .. Bayombong Diadi.. Dupax.. Ibung ...... Munguiad Solano. 617 1,518 2, 469 3,654 114 2,582 618 564 957 905 1, 422 1,477 1,878 1, 769 55 50 1,969 1,837 273 241 2,731*** *2,554 1,182 1,862 2,899 3,647 105 3, 806 514 980 383 4,272 5,285 16, 589 9, 903 9,397 19,300 60. 628 Total.. Estimated, 1901 ...... PALAWAN (PARAGUA). Bacuit... Danlig ....... Dumarán ... Puerto Princesa. Talindán.. Taytay..... 1.210 272 297 1, 075 759 372 495 957 586 291 439 569 2.082 1,345 663 934 1, 210 Total... Estimated, 1901.. 2,998 2,545 5,543 50,000 Ángeles... Apálit.... Arayat. Bacolor .... Betis ....... Caudaba .... Florida Blanca. Guagua. Lubao ..... Mabalacat. Macabebe.. Magálang. México ... Minalin... Porac..... PAMPANGA. 4,863 5, 300 6.896 6,321 2,066 5, 686 3,459 4.983 10,310 4, 580 6,307 4,520 7,522 3,138 4, 520 * 18 towns not reported in census of 1896. Now conditionally incorporated in Pangasinan Province. c In 1887 it was a part of Aliaga. Not reported in 1887. 4,683 5,298 7,144 6,599 2,141 5,859 3,195 5,091 10,034 4,521 6,538 4,279 7, 199 3,101 4,074 9,546 10,598 14,010 12,920 4,207 11,542 6,654 10,074 20,344 9, 101 12,845 8.799 14,721 6,239 8,594 46 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Towns ( pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces—Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men, Women. Total. PAMPANGA-continued. 7,956 8, 075 5,381 2,820 3, 442 San Fernando.. San Luis. San Miguel. San Simón..... Santa Ana ..... Santa Rita ... Santo Tomás... Sexmoán.. 2,765 3,566 3,109 3,213 16,031 10, 765 5,585 7,008 6,322 8,389 3, 781 6, 289 4,697 3,692 1.902 1,879 3,352 113, 330 2, 937 Total.. 111,064 224, 394 223, 922 Estimated, 1901 PANGASINÁN. 2, 404 2, 142 4,733 5,907 1,819 2,011 4,283 5, 747 5,798 4,052 4,956 8, 827 9,439 13, 808 11, 925 14, 778 14,058 16, 448 15, 212 11,505 13, 438 15, 581 Aguilar ....... Alava ........ Alcalá .... Asingan ... Bayambang Binalonan.. Binmaley. Calasiao. Dagupan.. Lingayen. Malasiqui. Manaoag.... Mangaldan .... Mangatarén .. Pozorrubio.... Salasa ......... San Carlos. San Fabián. San Isidro... San Jacinto... San Manuel.... San Nicolás.... Santa Bárbara ... Santa María .. Sual. Tayug.. Urbiztondo Urdaneta.. Villasis ... 10,177 4,506 7,559 7,734 9, 138 8, 233 5,761 4,714 6,006 5. 443 4,837 2, 938 14,650 4,978 2, 279 2,443 5, 223 6,613 4,836 2,554 2,121 4, 968 2,981 8, 350 4,099 23,590 9, 454 2,663 5, 006 6,867 4, 223 4,153 9,016 11, 654 11,389 9, 126 15, 303 15, 369 16, 800 15, 755 12, 755 9,331 12,790 10, 744 9, 604 5,845 30, 148 9, 411 4,340 4,862 10, 164 12, 743 9,667 4,944 3, 961 9, 804 6. 142 16,481 7,388 5,591 4,620 7, 744 7,635 7,662 7,522 6,994 4,617 6,784 5,301 4,767 2,907 15, 498 4, 433 2,061 2, 419 4,941 6,130 4,831 2,390 1,840 4,836 3, 161 8, 131 3, 289 7,989 4,831 Total. Estimated, 1901. 231, 105 153, 948 149, 964 303, 912 302, 178 PRÍNCIPE. Baler........ Casiguran..... San José de Casignán... 2, 208 1, 804 215 1,190 906 1, 117 942 84 2, 307 1, 848 181 97 Total. Estimated, 1901.. 4,227 2,193 2, 143 4,336 10, 470 ROMBLON. 1,715 1, 472 1, 755 1,538 997 1,719 1, 406 1,683 1,695 993 3, 434 2,878 3,438 3, 233 1,990 Azagra.... Badajoz... Bantón ... Cajidiocán. Corcuera.. Despujol....... Looc ........... Magallanes.. Odiongan ....... Romblon ........ Santa Fe.. 4,039 3, 476 4,090 3,283 1,981 2, 362 4,508 1, 844 5,649 7, 279 1, 751 2,931" / 801 3,032 3, 369 3,104 772 3, 009 2,912 5,963 1,573 6,378 6, 016 Total... Estimated, 1901 40, 262 | 17,682 17, 221 34, 903 55, 339 SÁMAR. Balangiga..... Basey ..... Bobón ....... 4,163 12, 846 1,973 6,050 2,083 2,039 6,066 1,928 | 4,012 12, 116 4,011 * 7 towns not reported in census of1896. b5 towns not reported in census of 1896. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces-Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. Women. Total. 12, 221 13, 216 4,091 3, 835 9,052 11, 496 13,563 12,051 3,551 4.620 11, 120 1, 742 1,748 3.650 8.386 4.691 4,713 5,627 1,511 1, 158 1, 729 1,495 3,894 SÁMAR-continued. Borongan.... Calbayog............ Calbiga ... Capul (or Abag). Catarman... Catbalogan ... Catubig ... Gándara. Guiuan.. Hernani. Hiabong ... La Granja (Minapa) Lanang ............. Laouang ........... Lavezares........ Mercedes.. Mondragón .. Oquendo Orás. Palápag .... Pambuján. Paranas......... Párie (Dolores) .... Pinabảgdao.. Quinapundán..... Salcedo ...... San Julián. San Sebastián... Santa Rita .. Santo Niño.. Súlat... Tarangoán (Dapdap). Tubig .... Villa Real (Umanas) Weyler................ Zumárraga............. 803 3,346 6,851 7,710 3,316 1,552 1,556 5,704 6, 671 5,548 5,849 7,613 4, 430 5,149 9,364 1, 406 1,631 3, 107 3, 224 4, 670 4,315 4, 956 1,629 917 1,518 1, 539 3, 421 1,540 649 595 1, 401 2,538 1,545 2,598 2, 726 1,277 460 802 1,686 1,471 936 1,022 1,807 627 1,697 2,533 1, 923 2,798 3,153 1,315 654 9,769 20,484 3, 148 3,379 6,757 6, 610 9, 361 9,028 10,583 3,140 2,075 3,247 3,034 7, 315 3,847 1. 452 1, 222 3,098 5,071 3, 468 5,396 5,879 2,592 1,114 1, 703 3,467 2,955 1, 900 2,337 4,644 4, 326 2, 296 5, 293 5, 465 901 1,781 1,484 964 1, 315 1,714 5,399 2,034 2,975 4, 605 5,097 2, 835 5,500 2,611 4,545 4,918 2, 332 2,312 2,261 1,076 2,659 2,799 2,065 1, 220 2, 637 2,666 89, 045 Total. Estimated, 1901. 202, 494 96,019 185, 094 195, 386 SORSOGON. See figures of Province of Albay, of which Sorsogon was a part when the census of 1887 was taken. SULU (JOLO). Bongao .... 43 556 276 Sulu .......... Siasi ... Tataan (Tawi-tawi). 832 146 106 40 2,598 705 318 1.053 Total. Estimated, 1901 .. 22, 630 437 Bislig ... 436 Butúan ..... SURIGAO. Anao-aon. 556 547 1, 103 Bacuag 851 Baganga. 592 602 1,194 409 845 Bumanán... 288 297 585 2,065 2,063 4, 128 Cabuntog ..... 989 979 1, 968 Cantilán. 3,082 2,963 6,045 Caraga. 1,439 1, 404 2,843 Carrascal. 1,014 915 1, 929 Catel. 825 858 1, 663 Dapá..... 1,143 1,138 2,281 Dapúan. 275 Dinagat. 1, 189 1,154 2, 343 Gigáquit 2,798 2, 755 5,553 Ginatuan 1,256 1,238 2, 494 Jabonga .. 842 819 1,661 Lanuza 1, 100 1, 107 2, 207 * Other islands not reported. The Moro population does not appear, as it is included in the 166,000 of the inhabitants of Tawi Tawi. 145 130 48 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces-Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1887. Partial census, 1896, total, Island or province, by towns or districts. Men. Women. Total. SURIGA0—continued. aal Lianga.. Maynit... Nonoc. Numancia. Oteyza ..... Placer Quinablangan. San Juan . Sapao.... Surigao ...... Taganaán.... Tago....... Talacogon... Tándag ........ Túbay 1,210 1,033 337 1,370 771 458 262 173 778 2, 493 1,021 1, 202 789 · 1, 230 1,070 1,177 973 330 1, 308 770 435 276 168 770 2,459 1,005 1,214 779 1, 213 1,055 2 387 006 667 678 1,541 893 538 341 1,548 4,952 2, 026 2, 416 1,568 2, 443 2, 155 34, 393 33,704 Total. Estimated, 1901 68,097 85,725 TÁRLAC. 1, 284 878 8,061 930 6, 420 3,799 1,299 Anao..... Bambang ... Camiling.. Capas. Concepción Gerona.. Moncada.. Moriones.. Murcia... O'Donnel ... Paniqui.. Paz, La.. Pura ......... San Clemente.. Santa Ignacia.. Tárlac... Victoria. 2,717 1,810 17, 115 1,888 13, 423 7,800 2, 425 1,080 2, 316 531 1, 433 932 9,054 958 7,003 4, 001 1, 274 549 1, 224 902 2,850 2,067 2, 282 1,034 750 4,218 5,259 1,092 791 1.693 2, 703 2,051 2,019 920 697 3,887 4,975 5,553 4,118 4, 301 1,954 1,447 8,105 10,234 Total. Estimated, 1901.. 45, 790 42,189 87, 979 89, 339 TAYABAS, 1,162 10, 747 2,652 3,244 Alfonso XIII b Atimonan.. Calaoag... Candelaria. Catanauan.. Dolores .... Guinayangan.. Gumacá... López ....... Lucbán ..... Lucena..... Macalelón.. Maubán.. Mulanay... Pagbilao.. 2.277 7, 606 4,847 955 1, 698 1,969 1,060 1, 196 3, 809 3,938 . 4, 853 2,771 1,760 4,357 776 2, 229 1,353 1,093 3, 403 8,069 3, 315 952 9, 930 6,399 4,659 779 1,668 1,847 1,043 1,019 3,695 3, 709 5,385 2, 726 1, 666 4, 605 719 2, 295 1,260 1,085 3,709 7,989 3, 343 859 9, 506 1,734 3,366 3,816 2,103 2, 215 7,504 7,647 10, 238 5, 497 3, 426 13,140 962 ON Pitogo ...** 5,719 2,975 San Narciso. Sariaya. Tayabas..... Tiaong.... Unisan..... 1, 389 6, 340 13, 616 7,564 1, 779 1, 495 524 2,613 2,178 7,112 16, 058 6,858 1,811 Total.. Estimated, 1901 96,539 54,403 54,060 108, 463 109, 780 TIAGÁN. Tiagán..... 3,862 3,921 7. 783 24 towns not reported in census of 1896. Not organized in 1887. NATIVE BOAT WITH SAILS, LUZON. 28 GOVERNMENT CASCOS (FRE GHT BOATS) IN PASIG RIVER, MANILA, LUZON. RAILROAD FREIGHT STATION, MANILA, LUZÓN. HAULING LOGS FROM TONDO BEACH TO MILL, MANILA, LUZÓN. BAMBOO RAFTS IN THE CREEK OF TROZO, MANILA, LUZÓN. TRANSPORTING GRASS, MANILA, LUZÓN. NATIVES CARRYING MILK TO MANILA, LUZÓN. CARRETÓN OR FREIGHT CART DRAWN BY A "CARABAO,” DRIVEN BY A NATIVE "CARRETONERO" OR CARTMAN. The baskets on the cart are made of cane and are called báquit." GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 49 Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, by islands or provinces-Continued. Total population, combining residents present and resi- dents absent, native and Spanish, 1897. Partial census, 1896, total. Island or province, by towns or districts. Men Women. Total UNIÓN. 4,653 3,689 3, 443 6,277 Agob.... Aringay.. Bacnotan Balaoang Bangar. Báuang .. Cabá.... Naguilian... Namacpacán... Rosario .... San Fernando . San Juan... Santo Tomás Tubao.. 10, 830 7,454 7,977 9,939 9, 494 8, 619 3, 419 10, 742 9,123 3, 703 14,051 10, 510 5, 421 6,793 4, 441 3,458 3,395 5,827 4, 643 3,983 1, 421 4,810 4, 430 1, 461 6. 033 4,705 2,374 3,439 4,974 3,903 1,484 4,648 4, 419 1,373 6,152 5,211 2,489 3,080 9,094 7,147 6,838 12, 104 9, 617 7,886 2,095 9, 458 8,849 2, 834 12. 185 9, 716 4,863 6,519 118, 075 Total... Estimated, 1901 54, 420 55,595 110,015 110,164 ZAMBALES, 5,578 1,762 3,897 2, 974 Agno.......... Alaminos ...... Alós..... Anda .... Balincaguin.. Bani....... Bolinao .. Botolan.. Cabangán. Candelaria Castillejos. Dasol .. Iba........... .. Infanta .. Masinloc.. Paláuig .. San Antonio .. San Felipe ..... San Fernando . San Isidro....... San Marcelino San Narciso. Santa Cruz.. Súbic...... 5,401 4,729 2,735 3,010 3,023 2,285 3,063 3,619 2,777 2,322 8,213 563 1,516 1,228 1, 723 3,540 1,861 1, 429 1, 329 1,844 1, 225 1,688 1,515 1,322 1, 232 2, 339 2,112 240 1, 359 2,155 3, 603 2,589 1, 329 2,239 3,312 551 1,398 1,241 1, 671 3,334 1,869 1,872 1, 253 1,892 1,200 1, 726 1,536 1,389 1,289 2,514 2,106 213 1,264 2, 120 3, 679 2,596 1,462 4,561 6,525 1,114 2,914 2,469 3,394 6,874 3, 730 2,807 2,582 3,736 2, 425 3, 414 3,051 2,711 2,521 4,853 4,218 453 2, 623 4,275 7,282 5,185 2,791 2.611 3,118 3, 340 7, 301 Total.. Estimated. 1901... 61,223 43, 276 43, 226 86,502 87, 295 ZAMBOANG 757 Ayala .... Mercedes .. Santa María Tetuán. Zamboanga. 2,569 3,986 3,030 3,580 2,953 983 1,823 1,391 1,985 2,008 1,631 1,290 1,935 1, 795 1,740 3,454 2,681 3, 920 3,803 15,598 117,503 Total.. Estimated, 1901 ........ 16, 118 8,190 7,408 * 7 towns not reported in census of 1896. S. Doc. 280— 4" 50 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands. [An alphabetical list of pueblos (towns and townships), with the population of each, under the census of 1887 and estimated population 1898-99 for educational purposes, together with the island or province in which situated. A pueblo corresponds rather to a township or a county than to a *town," in the ordinary acceptation of that term in the United States. It embraces an area often of many square miles, through which are scattered small villages, known as barrios." The census population here given for 1887 and estimate for 1898-1900 therefore represents the number of inhab- itants, not only of the (pueblo) name-community (town or village) but of the surrounding "barrios" or districts recognized as appurtenant thereto for local administration, educational, or other purposes.] Pueblos. Island, province, or district. Population Population, estimated census of 1898-99. 1887. les) 9,388 Do ...... 4, 555 DO ........ Abra de Ílog Mindoro......... 1,272 1, 161 Abucay... Bataan.. 7, 185 4,798 Abúlug ... Cagayan de Luzón. 5,880 6,290 Abundao Benguet .. 271 Abúyog Leyte.... 9,112 Adapay.. Benguet .. 631 Agaña (Guam). Marianas.... 6,185 Agno. Zambales.... 5,002 4, 561 Agoó ........ Unión ....... 10,050 9, 094 Agua ... Bontoc. 251 Aguilar.. Pangasinan 4,412 4,223 Agusan.. Misamis 934 1, 113 Agutaya..... Cuyos (Calam 2,046 2,196 Ajuy....... Iloilo. 1,000 Alaminos.. Laguna.... 4,600 4,666 Zambales. 8,008 6.528 Alang-Alang Leyte....... 8,602 6, 103 Alap..... Bontoc ... 682 Álava ........ Pangasinan 6,100 4, 153 Albay ..... Albay ....... 34, 000 11, 672 Alberique.. Dávao.... Albuera Leyte.... 2.830 Alburquerque. Bohol ..... 6, 604 6,093 Alcalá .. Cagayan de Luzón 5, 471 5,056 Pangasinan 8,624 9,016 Alcántara Cebú .. 4,080 3, 261 Alcoy. .....do... 5,040 2,658 Alegria. .....do ..... 11, 460 8, 877 Alfonso ....... Cavite 7,660 7, 026 Alfonso XII. Abra. Alfonso XIII.. Tayabaş .... Aliaga. Nueva Ecija. 17,000 20,348 Alilem Amburayai Alimodian Iloilo. 11,837 10,197 Aling .... Mindoro.. 486 Almería. Leyte.... 3,216 2, 400 Aloguinsán. Cebu ... 3, 993 Aloran ..... Misamis .. 2, 700 3,059 Alós .... Zambales.. 894 1, 114 Alubijid.... Misamis... 6,716 2,549 Amadeo .... Cavite....... 3, 873 3,283 Amamit.. Amburayan..... Ambaycan Bontoc 206 Amblản. Negros Oriental 4,179 Ambuclao... Benguet ... Am pusingan ....do... 536 Amilung.. Cagayan de Luzón 6, 708 Ananao... Tiagán... Anao..... Tárlae... 7,000 Anao-aon..... Surigao.. 602 1,103 Anda. Bohol ... 4,036 3, 432 Do....... Zambales.. 3, 761 2,914 Angadanán Isabela de Luz 2, 739 2,188 Angaqui. Lepanto Angat. Bulacán.. 8,050 Angeles Pampanga..... 3,000 Angono Rizal... 1,955 2. 128 Anilao....... Iloilo..... 2,699 3. 459 Aniniy ... Antique... 4, 802 4.981 Anquilén... Bontoc ... Antadao.... .....do..... Antequera... Bohol. 5,842 5, 777 Antipolo. Mórong (Rizal)..... 3,500 3,970 Antique Antique (Panay 1,236 7.604 Apálit Pampanga .. 11,753 10,598 Aparri. Cagayan de Luzón .... 11, 262 Arapiles. Dávao ..... A ráyat.. Pampanga ... 14,014 Arévalo Iloilo... 3,5941 3,286 . During the Spanish domination, the Marianas, Carolinas, and Pelew archipelagos were dependent on the Philippine Archipelago politically. 3,548 5,500 9,546 7,620 10.040 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 51 Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands-Continued. Pueblos. Island, province, or district. Population Population, estimated census of 1898-99. 1887. 34.050 2, 390 3,044 700 3,522 6,000 10,000 1, 900 1, 107 8,171 3,980 6,759 2, 213 10,547 Argao .... Arguelles... Aringay Aritao... Asingan.. Astorga.. Asturias. Atimonan. Atoc Ayala .. Ayungon. Ayuquitan Azagra ... Baao ..... Babatungon Bacacay.... Bacarra ...... Bagnotan..... Bach. Bacolod Bacolor..... Bacón...... Do..... Bacoor Bacuag Bacuit.. Bacun .... Badajoz.. Baclayon Badián ... Badọc.. Bagabag Bagac... Bagamanoc. Baganga. Bagay. Bagnén Bago .. 23, 122 2, 391 7,147 1,182 11, 654 173 6,931 9,506 1,418 1,740 693 2,243 3, 434 7,044 1,322 10, 240 13, 949 6,838 610 6,842 12,920 14,097 7.050 11, 685 851 13, 735 6, 555 440 6,268 10, 642 13,013 8,371 13,113 569 1,210 ... 3,234 8,048 9, 409 10, 846 1,915 1,655 1,209 1,114 924 2,878 7,901 7,873 11, 617 1,862 1,997 1.194 1,180 7,092 1,703 8,427 *655 4,531 196 Cebu ........ Negros Oriental Union ....... Nueva Vizcaya.. Pangasinan ... Davao ..... Cebú ... Tayabas... Benguet Zamboanga Negros Oriental ....do .... Romblon... Ambos Camarines (Sur). Leyte.... Albay .. Ilocos Norte.. Unión... Mindoro... Negros Occidental. Pampanga........ Sorsogon Negros Oriental Cavite... Surigao....... Palawan....... Ilocos Sur ... Romblon....... Bohol. Cebú. Ilocos Norte ..... Nueva Vizcaya.. Bataan .... Catanduanes. Surigao.......... Ambos Camarines (Sur) Lepanto ... Negros Occidental.. Ilocos Sur... Benguet .. Cavite. Bontoc .. Negros Oriental. Balábac Lepanto Benguet Cebú Bataan.. Sámar.... Unión....... Iloilo ........ Batangas Masbate and T Principe.. Cápiz... Bontoc Bohol. Zambales. Misamis. Bulacan. Bontoc, Nueva Ecija.. Tárlac. Nueva Vizcaya.. Lepanto Iloilo Bontoc. Lepanto .....do.. Cápjz....... Unión .... Abra... Ilocos Norte. Lepanto .... Zambales. Ilocos Norte. Dávao.. Ilocos Sur.. Cebú Romblon ....... Ilocos Sur (Ambura ya Rizal (Mórong). ... 9, 804 4,971 1,834 263 682 9, 610 9,000 5,000 12, 242 11,113 8, 308 4,012 12, 104 16,214 1, 378 2, 307 14,747 923 1,911 5, 065 2,323 1,860 2,378 11, 491 14, 122 Baguio ... Bailén.. Baininao Bais ....... Balábac .... Balaca.. Balagbag.. Balambán Balanga Balangiga. Balaoan (Baláuang). Balasan .. Balayán.. Baleno .. Baler .... Balete .... Balili.... Balilijan Balincaguing. Balingasag Baliuag .. Balugan... Balungao.. Bambán.... Bambang.. Banaao...... Banate ... Banaue.... Banaue. Banco..... Ba gá..... Bangar Bangued Bangui Banguitan. Bani... Banná... Bañolas. Bantay ..... Bantayan.. Bantón .... Baraoas... Barás..... 186 5,072 2,469 4,948 17, 223 582 DONOC ... .. .... 3, 848 3, 196 3, 509 1,810 2,899 3,387 +385 6,764 6,253 389 7,370 9,617 16, 413 7,749 520 9, 127 9,000 13, 417 6, 129 450 4,293 2,146 6,449 10,016 3,449 105 1,217 3,394 4,112 5,750 13,898 3, 438 .. . 1,222 59 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands-Continued. Pueblos. Island, province, or district. Population Population, estimated census of 1898-99. 1887. 9,675 196 9,500 Barasoain. Barbarit.. Barbaza ....... Barcelona ... Barili........ Barotac Nuevo Barotac Viejo. Barugo. Basey.. Basilan... Basud ....... Bátac....... Batán ...... Batangas.. Batangen.. Batbato. Bató. 3,231 1,567 20,914 11, 805 5,590 12, 322 13, 736 1,300 1,874 8.915 4. 406 17, 769 12, 775 6,576 8, 293 12, 116 1,608 16,981 10, 019 35, 431 12, 908 39, 358 433 119 4, 861 3,651 1,270 39, 659 7,701 1, 796 8,505 4,675 2, 612 1, 288 35, 645 7,886 2.354 11,389 11, 444 17,367 3, 647 3,691 2,055 4, 460 Batuanán Bauan... Bauang... Bay.. Bayambang Bayanan... Baybay ...... Bayombong ... Besao.. Betis ...... Betuagan.. Bigaa.. Biliran ...... Binalbagan.. Binalonan.. Binangonan de Lampón Binangonan.. Binmaley...... Biñang Bislig .. Boac.. Bobon. Bocaue Bocot.. Bogo...... Bolinang Bolinao. Boljoon Bombón. Bongabon 8,120 6, 201 5, 135 10, 295 7,557 7,624 13,787 19, 786 7,583 14,722 4,380 10, 345 4, 207 272 7,815 1,667 5, 269 9, 126 6,025 7,813 15,303 15, 452 845 13, 416 4,011 8, 600 Bulacan ..... Ilocos Sur (Amburayan). Antique ... Sorsogon ............. Cebú. Iloilo .....do ...... Leyte.. Sámar ..... Basilan..... Ambos Camarines (Norte) Ilocos Norte ...... Cápiz....... Batangas............. Ilocos Sur. ....do ........ Ambos Camarines (Sur). Leyte. Bohol.. Batangas. Unión ............ Laguna La ............ Pangasinan .... Negros Oriental Leyte... Nueva Vizcaya ... Lepanto.. Pampanga... Bontoc .. Bulacán.. Leyte..... Negros Occidental. Pangasinan..... Infanta .......... Rizal (Mórong).. Pangasinan ... Laguna La Surigao. Mindoro. Sámar.. Bulacan Benguet ....... Cebú............ Bontoc.. Zambales.. Cebu ............ Ambos Camarines Sur Mindoro... Nueva Ecija.. Sulu (Jol6)...... Bontoc ......... Cebu ........... Sámar....... Rizal (Mórong).... Zambales.. Abra ........ Iloilo.. Antique.. Cagayan de Luzón .. Benguet... Ambos Camarines Sur .....do........ Bulacán. Mindoro.. Sorsogon ....do. Surigao. Leyte..... Cápiz..... Bulacán. Surigao.... Butúan.. Unión. Isabela de Luzón.... .....do.... Leyte... Nueva Ecija Negros Occidental. Zambales.. Iloilo....... Benguet Nueva Ecija Laguna... 15,192 389 16, 350 4,075 7,413 2, 656 271 3,848 6,874 5.067 2,368 568 2,506 2, 8051 9, 448 3, 430 9,769 667 Bongao.. Bontoc .. Borbón.... Borongan .. Bosoboso ... Botolan.... Búcay .. Buena Vista. Bugason Buguey... Buguias. Buhi. 855 4,566 2, 461 3, 497 14, 104 1, 120 202 1.113 Bula... 7, 202 958 10,000 2,800 13, 386 516 11, 000 11,891 7,936 Bulacán.. Bulalacao .. Bulan ....... Bulusan ..... Bumanan... Burauen. Buruanga Bustos ....... Butúan...... Cabá Cabagán Nuevo .. Cabagán Viejo. Cabalian.. Cabanatuan. Cabancalan. Cabangán. Cabatúan.. Cabayan. Cabiao Cabinti or Cavinti 21, 290 3,967 7, 025 10,543 2,000 4,164 6,240 3. 633 4,785 12,000 7,636 2,798 18, 177 844 7,924 5,515 anon naigris 5525 SSR GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 53 Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands-Continued. Pueblos. Island, province, or district. Population Population, estimated census of 1898-99. 1887. 11,982 1, 968 9,029 3,554 6, 626 8, 259 4, 175 8,888 7,046 9, 405 3,000 20,449 4,153 2,275 260 3, 636 5,704 8, 288 11, 476 5,585 10,025 813 13,753 964 20, 298 2,388 1,134 3, 233 5,497 12, 263 8.808 4,103 8,155 15,369 2,003 12, 161 1,734 3,760 20, 484 3,148 12, 028 7,754 3,608 Cabugao..... Cabúntug ... Cabuyao...... Cádiz Nuevo... Cagayan.. Cagayancillo Cagsaua Caibiran. Caintá...... Cajaguaan Cajidiocan Calabanga.. Calacá.. Calamba ... Calapán. Calape... Calasgasan.. Calasiao. Calatagán Calatrava.. Calatrava. Calaoag Calauang...... Calbayog ....... Calbiga.. Calibo or Calivo... Calinog.. Calolbong. Caloocan... Calumpit. Caluya ..... Camalaniugan.. Camálig .... Camaligan .. Camiling ..... Canaman.. Cangco.. Candaba ... Candelaria ... Candelaria Candijay .. Candón.. Canoan... Cantilan. Capalonga Capañgan.... Capas....... Cápiz....... Capoocan... Capul....... Caraga. Caramoran.. Caramoran Carranglan Cárcar.... Cardona ... Caridad ... Carig ...... Carigara.... Caritan.. Carlés .. Carlota (La). Carmen Ilocos Sur ...... Surigao... Laguna... Negros Occidental.. Misamis Antique.. Albay. Leyte.... Rizal (Mórong).... Leyte.............. Romblon ........ Ambos Camarines (Sur) Batangas.... Laguna... Mindoro... Bohol. Ambos Camarines. Pangasinan.. Batangas............. Dávao.... Negros Occidental Tayabas. Laguna... Sámar............. ....do ....... Cápiz....... Iloilo. Albay Rizal (Manil Bulacán.. Mindoro... Cagayan de Luzón.... Albay .......... Ambos Camarines (Sur). Tárlac..... Ambos Camarines (Sur).. Bontoc .... Pampanga. Tayabas... Zambales.. Bohol.. Ilocos Sur. Bohol ............... Surigao...... Ambos Camarines Norte)... Benguet .. Tárlac... Cápiz....... .Leyte....... Sámar.. Surigao...... Ambos Camarines (Sur). Albay. Nueva Ecija. Cebú ............. Rizal (Mórong)... Cavite... Isabela de Luzón. Leyte.. Antique ........ Iloilo... Negros Occidental Bohol. Cebú. Cavite.. Dávao. Surigao......... Príncipe.. Sorsogon Principe....... Sorsogon ... Zambales.... Masbate and Ticao Tayabas Albay .do Misamis Sámar. .......do.. Surigao... Bohol .... Cebú ..... .. Sámar.. 12, 720 2,813 3, 107 30, 250 4,292 10,865 8,866 4,382 9, 843 15,072 509 4,198 14,868 5,049 23, 410 5,959 14,585 3, 234 2,865 7,872 15,797 9, 380 10, 026 1,692 2,925 13,676 .. 8,859 11,613 539 4,194 14,437 3, 465 17,115 5, 422 215 11,542 3,366 2, 582 3,834 17, 971 8,828 6,045 1,134 1,094 1,888 16, 692 1,345 3, 379 2,843 853 2,295 8, 690 6, 697 908 894 937 30, 300 2,641 2,477 13, 782 1, 240 10,300 1,558 26, 039 2,614 5,971 1,337 12, 680 9, 158 10.234 6,386 3,170 6,638 3,883 1,929 3, 300 Do.... 6, 673 3,959 Carmona Carmona Carrascal. Casignán.. Casiguran ...... 8,662 1,527 2, 853 3,857 Castilla. Castillejos ....... Cataíngan ..... Catanauan ..... Catanduanes Bagamanoc Catanduanes Bató. Catarman .. 4,000 3.816 5,528 1,848 2, 308 3,736 1,561 1,300 6,732 4,099 6.757 6,610 1,663 2,005 5, 429 9, 861 4.874 10,482 6,459 3,500 Catbalogan Catel. Catigbían Catmon... Catubig... 2,141 6,098 as 54 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands---Continued. Pueblos. Island, province, or district. Population Population, estimated census of 1898-99. 1887. 6, 050 2,115 4,644 1, 497 9,484 5. 344 2,159 2,194 2,392 6, 302 Cauayan. Cauayan......... Cauayan Cavite. Cavite Viejo.. Caibiran. Cebu ... Cervantes. Cervera. Claveria.. Coloma de Santa Isabela Compostela... Concepción.. 35, 243 4, 445 11, 198 16, 026 4, 641 3,654 1, 602 4, 431 3,872 13, 423 Consolación.. Corcuera ... Córdoba .. 4,393 5,736 13, 499 353 4, 616 1,995 5, 009 2, 744 4, 215 6,018 1, 801 3,000 4, 307 1,990 6,329 3,218 976 3,735 Cordón. Corella. Cortés.. O L C I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 156 .. 4,623 5,644 5, 175 6,735 10,553 3,500 7,549 Cotabato (Cottabato Cristiano .... Cristina .... Cuartero... Cuenca...... Culasi ..... Culion. Cunugun... Cuyapo.... Cuyo ...... Daan Bantay Daclán.... Dáết....... : Dagami ... Dagupan... Dalaguete..... Dalican. Danao... Dancalan Dauin.. Daulig. Dao Ilocos Sur ... Isabela de Luzón.. Negros Occidental. Cavite. Cavite. Leyte. Cebú .. Lepanto... Dávao. Cagayan de Luzón Isabela de Luzon. Cebú.. Iloilo. Tarlac...... Tiagán ... Cebú. Romblon. Cebú ..... Iloilo. Isabela de Bohol... .....do ..... Surigao..... Cotabato.. Bontoc ..... Dávao ....... Cápiz....... Batangas.... Antique ..... Calamianes.. Bontoc,.. Nueva Ecija.. Calamianes....... Cebu ............. Benguet ....... Ambos Camarines Norte Leyte...... Pangasinan. Cebú. Bontoc ..... Cebú .... Negros Occidental.. Negros Oriental .... Palawan (Paragua). Antique. Cápiz... Surigao, Mindanao. Misamis.. Surigao... Zambales. Bohol ......... Mindanao.. Romblon..... Nueva Vizcaya. Bohol .. Surigao, Mindanao Bataan... Iloilo.. Ilocos Norte.. Misamis... Abra ... Tayabas.. Sorsogon. Iloilo. Bohol Leyte..... Negros Oriental Cápiz. Iloilo. | Cebú .......... Palawan (Paragua) Cápiz.... Nueva Vizcaya. Isabela de Luzón. Antique. | Cebu Misamis ..... Cagayán, Luzón. | Negros Occidental. Iloilo.. Bontoc. Pampanga 9, 350 8, 258 8,530 967 10, 650 25,000 16 900 21, 323 15, 483 1, 445 4,277 339 8, 702 3,903 9,621 994 7,993 23,748 16,800 19, 269 443 13,575 2,984 6,751 569 7,549 5,277 2, 281 7,948 8,787 1,900 3,955 3, 788 500 8,992 3,308 Dapa.. Dapitan Dapnán Dasol. Dauis.. Dávao... Despujol. Diadi.... Dimao....... Dinagat. Dinalupijan.... Dingle..... Dingrás Dipolog. Dolores.. 109 275 2, 425 7, 248 1, 473 105 7,901 2,313 3,784 12, 800 11, 669 3,355 2,062 2,103 5, 621 6,339 8, 014 5, 264 738 11,000 12,600 4, 611 2,970 2,572 5,500 7,130 7,143 10,113 13, 613 8,000 14, 114 13, 171 Do... 5,727 Donsol ... Dueñas.... Duero Dúlag .......... Dumaguete. Dumálag. Dumangas Dumanjug Dumarán... Dumarao.. Dupax. Echagüe..... Egaña..... El Pardo .. El Salvador Enrile. Escalante.. Estancia. Fidilizan.. Floridablanca.... 9,093 13. 244 7,390 16, 736 9,728 2,032 5,150 3,806 3.986 2,366 : 5,085 2, 229 5,700 1,995 10, 647 2,845 7,000 3,000 478 7,654 | * 246 6,654 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands---Continued. Pueblos. Island, province, or district. Population Population, estimated census of 1898-99. 1887. Ambos Camarines .... Benguet ...... Isabela de Luzon.. Sámar. Nueva Ecija..... Bohol ... Dávao ........, Marinduque. Cagayán, Luzón Tárlac. Bohol Surigao.. 2,631 1,330 6,101 15, 563 20, 216 5,064 4,785 805 9,261 3,397 7,116 Cebu .... 12,144 2,277 1,433 2, 900 870 4,022 9,028 20, 286 5,768 5, 436 1,211 7,800 5,553 9,404 2,494 8,969 5, 574 1, 460 10,074 12, 125 685 5,134 1,154 2,375 11,562 2,560 13, 620 7,748 2,864 10,722 13, 359 685 5, 115 7,006 679 2,215 Gainza .... Galiano ..... Gamú ......... Gándara..... Gapán.... García Hernández. Garellano. Gasán ... Gattaran Gerona. Getafe. Gigáquit.. Ginatilan.. Ginatúan.. Gingbog Ginigaran .. Goa.......... Granada..... Guagua.... Gmbat Guernica .. Guibungan. Guiguinto.. Guihulugan or Guijulug Guiljungan. Guimbal... Guimbalaón. Guinaon..... Guinayangan Guindulmán Guinobatan. Guinsilitan. Guisijan Guiuan.. Gumaca..... Gunduhúan. Gusá... Hagonoy .... Hermosa or Llana Hermosa Hernani.. Hilongos .. Hindang ... Hinunanyan (Hina Hinundayan Iba .... Ibaan ....... Ibájay........ Ibung .. Igbarás... Iguig. Ilagan.... Ilaya.. Iligan ſling blog- Iloilo Imus , Inabanga.. Inapuy ...... Indán ....... Indang ...... Infanta..... Initao ...... Јnopacan. Ipil. Iponan Iriga. Iriron Irosin .... Isabela ... Surigao... Misamis... Negros Occidental. Ambos Camarines Negros Occidental.... Pampanga... Sorsogon. Dávao. Benguet Bulacán.. Negros Oriental Negros Occidental Iloilo...... Negros Occidental. Bontoc .. Tayabas. Bohol ... Albay Misamis. Antique Sámar.. Tayabas. Bohol ... Misamis. Bulacán.... Bataan ..... Samar ...... Leyte..... .do... .do.. .do Zambales. Batangas. Cápiz..... Nueva Vizcaya 19,842 1,699 3,845 10,583 7.504 6,787 2,000 8,063 20, 500 1,875 6, 247 11,311 7,571 790 20, 120 2,649 2, 555 13, 813 5,314 7,899 3,896 3,512 18,500 591 3, 140 13. 675 4,415 6,752 3,562 8, 900 3,414 9, 017 12, 162 514 Iloilo.. 11, 351 980 12,140 4,000 13, 811 1,099 6,020 427 6,070 6,429 14, 676 9,957 417 5,800 1,500 3, 445 9,952 4,509 11,275 3,037 486 4,557 11,864 12, 142 10, 344 134 6,194 10,848 8,051 1 252 2,792 Cagayan Isabela de Luzon Lanao ........ Misamis. Mindoro.... Negros Occidenta Iloilo.. Cavite.. Bohol .. Bontoc. Ambos Camarines Cavite Zambales..... Misamis.. Leyte.. Bohol Misamis.. Ambos Camarines Mindoro....... Sorsogon ...... Basilan... Negros Occidental ....do ..... Benguet.. Cápiz.. Surigao, Nueva Ecija Bohol Cápjz.. Rizal (M6rong Cápiz.. Iloilo. 4,239 1,745 5,586 17,094 143 5,224 1,300 11, 104 1.596 609 5,000 1, 644 4,651 11, 162 1,183 4,746 15, 229 191 4, 198 985 9,218 2,487 249 5,000 1,661 6, 415 12, 267 Isio...... Itogon..... Ivisan ... Jabonga.. Jaén.. Jagná Jagnaya. Jalajala .. Jamindán. Janiuay ..... 2,500 1, 785 5,000 28, 738 25, 743 56 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands-Continued. Pueblos. Island, province, or district. Population Population, estimated census of 1898-99. 1887. 9, 228 10,993 3,611 2, 075 12,475 10, 333 9, 444 3,579 5,559 6,758 8,707 3, 278 1,500 5, 279 6,000 1,258 12,384 3, 413 2,869 3, 641 2, 805 2,000 4, 213 6,448 7,073 3,057 5,990 2.940 832 3,563 3, 841 5.971 6,836 3,247 3,511 3,872 4,118 1,589 4, 120 Do.... 613 1,834 8,500 1,618 10, 340 6,475 7,989 4,779 11,779 4, 294 7,727 3,034 5,661 2, 207 30,840 7,315 6,826 37, 094 8, 129 6,000 2,372 3,454 3, 958 Jaro ................................... Leyte.................... Iloilo.............. Jasaan..... Misamis ............ Jiabong ....... Sámar ........ Jim alalud... Negros Oriental ... Jimamaylan. Negros Occidental... Jiménez. Misamis Jimeno Cápiz... Joló (Sulu) Sulu.. Jovellar.. Albay .. Juban ..... Sorsogon. La Caridad. Cavite.. La Carlota.. Negros Occidental. La Granja.. Sámar La Paz ..... Abra ........ Do..... Iloilo ........... Tárlac. La Trinidad Benguet...... Labo Ambos Camarines Lacy ..... Negros Oriental .. Lagabay.. Davao ........ Lagaui.. Quiangan .......... Lagonlong Misamis ........ Lagonoy..... Ambos Camarines.. Lagundi... Rizal (Mórong).. Lal-ló ...... Cagayán. Lambunao .. Iloilo.. Lanang..... Sámar ....... Laarngan. Misamis ... Lanuza. Surigao......... Laoag ....... Ilocos Norte ...... Laoang .... Sámar.. Ilocos Sur ....... Lapog.. Las Mercedes........ Dávao.... Zamboanga Las Piñas Rizal (Manila). Lauis ........ Bohol Lavezares Sámar Leganés Iloilo.... Legaspi.. Albay .. Lemery .. Batangas Do... Iloilo... León .... .....do ....... Leyte.. Leyte........ Lezo.........: .. Cápiz......... Lián.... Batangas ..... Lianga. Surigao.... Libacao. Cápiz... Libanan. Ambos Camarines Libog... Albay. Libong .. .....do. Licab..... Nueva Écija Ligao..... Albay Lila ....... Bohol.. Lilio....... Laguna ...... Liloan..... Cebú. Do...... Leyte..... Lingayen... Pangasinan Linguig Surigao..... Lipa.... Batangas ..... Llana Hermosa...... Bataan.. Loay .... Bohol ........ Loboc .... .....do ....... Loboo.. Batangas.. Loctugan Cápiz.... Loculan... Misamis. Longos.. Laguna.. Benguet. Looc .. Mindoro...... Romblon. Loón. Bohol .... López .... Tayabas. Loreto.. Surigao...... Los Baños Laguna.. tủbang.. Mindoro. Lubao.. Pampanga Lubungan. Lanao... Lucbán. Tayabas... Lucena... Iloilo........ Tayabas..... Luisiana .... Laguna...... 6.719 4,000 3,480 2,875 6, 017 2,890 3,677 13, 950 5,500 5,889 6, 340 3,914 14,512 6,569 4, 125 5,222 17,371 4, 470 5,000 7,188 3,347 4,553 7,182 15, 386 2, 493 13, 059 3,211 3,793 4,877 2, 387 3, 783 14, 655 7, 116 4,563 8, 380 16, 980 4, 255 5,975 8,041 2,986 15, 755 43, 077 3,591 6,353 10, 756 5, 125 3,982 18, 886 6, 340 40, 733 2, 649 7,169 10,174 6, 472 3, 475 2, 110 1,413 916 1, 204 4,500 15, 365 6,412 2,920 Loo.. 4, 373 1, 426 1,015 1,309 5,963 12,321 7,647 2, 756 6,541 21, 175 5,157 12, 755 6,511 7,000 3, 802 2,753 3,716 20, 344 2.565 10, 238 5, 403 5, 497 4,609 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 57 Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands-Continued. Pueblos. Island, province, or district. Population Population, estimated census of 1898-99. 1887. 4, 951 Lumbang .. Lupao ... Lupi... Luzón...... Maasin ..... 4, 293 608 765 W U P . .. ... . . .. Maayon .. Mabalacat... Mabatang .. Mabatobató Mabitac Macabebe.. Macalelon. Macató ..... Mac-Crohon. Madalag....... Madridejos....... Magálang. Magallanes... 18, 499 9, 674 1, 616 10, 600 1,766 849 1,431 10,400 3,000 10,136 5,780 2,684 790 233 14, 473 10, 476 1,980 9, 101 1,857 1, 196 1, 398 12, 815 8, 426 6,589 4,985 3, 811 Magárao... Magdalena 8, 262 1,055 2, 377 1,200 5, 744 2,352 971 8,446 8,799 1,573 2,588 2,477 5, 663 3,143 846 4,817 Magsingal.. Magúlang ...... Mahinog (Maginog). Mainit.... Majayjay.. Malabúyoc .. Malasiqui . Maláueg.. Malecón. Malibago. Malibay .. Malilipot.. Malinao... 4,173 349 7,176 6,947 12, 755 2,947 Malitbog ..... Malolos...... Mambajao... Mambúlao. Mamburao Mambusao Manaoag Manapla.. Mandaue.... Mandurriao. Mangaldán... Mangarín. Mangataren Manguirín Manila ... Manitao Manjúyod Mansalay.. Maragondon María.. Laguna.. Nueva Ecija. Ambos Camarines Davao ... Leyte........... Iloilo ....... Cápiz...... Pampanga.. Bataan ... Ambos Camarines. Laguna.. Pampanga. Tayabas. Cápiz. Leyte ...... Cápiz...... Cebú ...... Pampanga.. Romblon... Sorsogon Cavite.. Ambos Camarin .....do..... Laguna.... Masbate, Ticao. Ilocos Sur .... Quiangan.. Misamis ..... Bontoc ..... Laguna.. Cebú. Pangasinan Cagayán. Bontoc. Leyte.... Rizal.... Albay ... ..do ... Cápiz. Leyte....... Bulacan... Misamis ...... Ambos Camarines. Mindoro.. Cápiz......... Pangasinan ....... Negros Occidental.. Cebu .... Iloilo ...... Pangasinan Mindoro.... Pangasinan Ambos Camarines.. Manila .. Albay ... Negros Oriental Mindoro.. Cavite. Negros Oriental Bohol.. Misamis Bohol. Bulacan.. Leyte. Rizal..... Bataan ... Masbate. Zambales. Leyte.... Dávao. Sorsogon Davao. Tayabas.. Surigao.. Cebú ..... Cavite Sámar..... Leyte........ Pampanga.. Bulacan Iloilo.. 4,687 417 6,528 13,113 8,900 3,819 1,119 2,890 5,995 10, 296 7,571 7,906 14,599 18,000 1,182 499 11,000 17,500 15, 307 6,749 16, 143 2, 289 10, 146 1,300 350.000 1,515 7, 486 561 815 1,833 5,243 11, 828 6,586 7,466 15,706 8,737 939 408 8, 525 9, 331 4,309 10, 118 5,259 12, 790 357 10,744 697 169, 192 1,588 4,547 353 379 8,313 5, 415 8,277 DO. María Cristin Maribojoc. Marilao.. Maripipi. Mariquina Mariveles. Masbate... Masinloc ... Matalom... Matina. Matnog...... 4.976 138 10, 286 4,566 1,529 9, 491 1,690 2,284 2,711 4, 671 140 10.852 5,075 1,998 10,313 1, 429 2, 345 2, 945 6,146 3,745 600 9,268 4, 550 8, 221 3,745 3,068 897 17,099 8,119 22, 100 Mati... 3,665 535 Maubán. Maynit ..... Medellín ... Méndez Núñ Mercedes.. Mérida .. México....... Meycauayan. Miagao ...... 8,962 2,006 4,961 3, 651 1, 432 1,712 14,721 9, 256 20, 732 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands-Continued. Pueblos. Island, province, or district. Population Population, estimated census of 1898-99. 1887. Milagros. Milaor... Mina ..... Minalabac. Minalin .. Minglanilla Minulúan. Misamis ... Moalboal... Mobo....... Mogpog .... Molo ...... Molugan ... Moncada Mondragón. Montalbán.. Morella.... Moriones .... Morón.... Mórong. Mulanay Munguia Muntinlupa . Murcia Do......... Naanán... Nabua... Naga or Nueva Cáceres.. Naga ...... Nagaba.... Nagcarlán. Nagpartían.. Naguilian Do....... Náig...... 1,789 5, 120 4,357 3,869 6, 386 6,310 11,338 6,075 9,509 1, 896 5,214 9,547 1,044 7,601 1,556 3,055 1,289 2,622 9, 430 325 2,985 5,053 5, 720 3,621 6, 239 17,904 7,561 3,944 5, 929 1, 783 5,173 7. 281 1, 170 2, 425 1, 222 3,352 1,080 2,653 6,648 1,495 5,068 8,000 Masbate ........ Ambos Camarines. Iloilo .. Ambos Camarines.. Pampanga... Cebú......... Negros Occidental.... Misamis.. Cebu ............ Masbate.. Marinduque Iloilo.... Misamis Tárlac.... Sámar... Rizal..... Dávao .... Tárlac....... Bataan ..... Mórong (Rizal) Tayabas... Bontoc ....... Rizal.. Negros Occidental. Tárlac.. Misamis............. .. Ambos Camarines. .....do ..... Cebu. Iloilo.... Laguna...... Ilocos Norte.... Isabela de Luzón Unión Cavite Antique.. Unión... Nueva Ecija.. Ilocos Sur.. Cagayán. Batangas ... Mindoro... Leyte. Cápiz. Rizal Surigao....... Bulacán. Rizal.. Cavite......... Cebú. Ilocos Sur ..... Negros Oriental Cápiz... Surigao.. Albay Bulacan.. Romblon.. Tárlac.... Zambales.... Misamis.... Cebú. Sámar... Dávao... Bataan. Sámar.. Bataan 890 17,789 11,550 10,926 8,000 12,976 1,985 2,172 10, 405 9, 215 2,972 8, 630 3, 241 16,500 1,023 Nalupa ..., 4,212 2, 768 2, 316 1,200 17, 244 9, 251 10, 525 5,794 13,586 3,477 9,458 8,078 2, 861 8,819 2,046 18, 393 964 7,838 4,367 2,835 4,214 12, 844 667 6,111 2, 166 2,214 5, 104 435 5,576 6,111 2,678 10, 949 7,576 6, 378 1,693 8, 312 3,183 5, 257 541 5, 305 1,871 2, 804 3,339 789 6,316 6, 123 4,111 10, 357 7,948 5, 924 Namacpacán .... Nampicúan. Narvacán.. Nagsiping. Nasugbú. Nauján. Naval... Navas ....... Navotas.. Nonoe... Norzagaray...... Novaliches ......... Noveleta Nueva Cáceres ..... Nueva Coveta ..... Nueva Valencia.. Numancia Do... Oás...... Obando...... Odiongan O'Donell. Olongapó. Opol... Opon.. Oquendo Orán Orani.. Orás........... Orión. Ormoc......... Oroquieta Oslob. Oteiza (Oteyza) Otón... Oyanguren.. Paete.... Pagbilao. Pagsanján. Palanan Palanas ..... Palánog Palápag Paláuig. Palma.. 11,506 5, 200 10,267 3,098 Leyte.... 6,400 5, 667 10, 373 8,107 9,000 6,013 5,949 5,071 7, 429 13, 315 7,374 5,664 1,541 14,567 Misamis.. Cebú. Surigao.... Iloilo...... Dávao..... Laguna. Tayabas.. Laguna..... Isabela de Luz Masbate...... ...do........ Sámar....... | Zambales..... .. Benguet... 13, 363 2,887 5,756 6,327 1,137 2, 749 2,929 4,524 7, 124 980 2, 133 5, 802 2,584 704 392 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 59 Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands_Continued. Pueblos. Island, province, or district. Population Population, estimated census of 1898-99. 1887. 16,055 5, 765 Palo....... Palompon.. Paltoc.. Palúan ...... Pambujan.. Paminuitan Pamplona .. 17,736 7,858 770 1,561 7, 423 3,647 2,404 15, 484 2, 446 13, 787 1,677 5, 396 5, 199 3, 253 4,929 Panay .... Pandacan ..... Pandán. Leyte...... .....do..... Tiagán. Mindoro.... Sámar.. Bohol ..... Ambos Camarines. Cagayan............ Cápiz............……. Manila City .. Antique... Catanduanes (Albay) Laguna... Bohol... Tárlac... Cápiz.., Nueva Ecija.. Ilocos Norte ... Bulacan... Laguna... Ambos Camarines Rizal.. Sámar.. 19, 343 4, 624 10, 654 1,884 2,794 4,272 5,553 6,455 do..... 1,186 12, 147 8,177 1,826 2, 762 10, 173 5,879 2,592 1, 413 18,54 8,629 7,262 6,239 5,762 7,924 1, 737 6,926 . 4,339 2,591 2,873 7,828 6,101 Pangil. Panglao. Paniqui Panitan Pantabañgán... Páoay ... Paombong... Páquil.. Paracale. Parañaque Paranas Páric or Dolores... Pasacao Pásig ... Passi. Pastrana .... Pasuquin.. Patnongon. Pateros ..... Pavia.. Payo ........ Peñaranda .. Peña plata Pérez Dasmariñas. Piat ................ Pidigan Piddig.. Pila .. Pilar ... Do.. Do.. Do. Do Pili.. Pililla. Pinabágdao Pinamalayan....... Pinamunğajan ..... Pineda now Pásay. Piquigan. Pitogo..... Placer Polá. Polangui. Polillo.... Polo..... Polloc..... Pontevedra.... Do..... Poquitan .. Porac..... Poro... Pototan. Pozorrubio ... Puerto Galera. Puerto Princesa .. Pulilan... Puncán......... Pura... Quinablangan.. Quinapundan. Quináquil or Quing-áquing . Quinuguitan Quinguá...... Quiot Quipayo....... Ragay ...... Reina Mercedes .. Romblon ...... 6,795 8,712 10,020 1,513 11,848 10,297 1,719 8, 211 9,863 7,366 3, 469 1,548 22.000 13, 802 6,616 5,911 2,842 10. 221 2,800 7,700 4, 696 2,716 2, 142 10,841 5,987 4,107 3.471 2,895 4, 268 5,458 3,685 2.000 1,975 292 5,378 9,825 3,011 5721 10,050 1,400 7,945 400 9,512 12,000 8,512 7,000 14,512 9,947 3,749 4,833 4,231 4,550 Ambos Camarines Rizal. Iloilo............ Leyte..... Ilocos Norte. Antique. Rizal. Iloilo........ Catanduanes. Nueva Ecija. Davao Cavite....... Cagayan....... Abra ........ Ilocos Norte Laguna... Abra ..... Bataan... Cápiz... Cebú Sorsogon, Albay. Ambos Camarines Mórong (Rizal). Sámar.. Mindoro Cebú... Rizal (Manila Bontoc ... Tayabas.. Surigao. Mindoro. Albay .... Infanta... Bulacán... Cotabato ... Cápiz...... Negros Occidenta Bontoc ...... Pampanga Cebú. Iloilo .... Pangasinan ... | Mindoro.... Palawan (Paragua) Bulacán.... Nueva Ecija. Tárlac ..... Mati... Sámar. Bontoc. Misamis. Bulacan .... Leyte..... Ambos Camarines ..do ....... Isabela de Luzon. Romblon ... 3,087 4,000 1, 114 659 4,443 7,784 293 2,613 893 939 9, 106 1,114 10,162 390 6, 491 6,901 439 8,594 6,932 20,912 9, 604 792 1,345 9,869 562 4, 301 *1,703 * 290 1,912 1,589 10,058 501 5.255 299 2,000 512 1, 415 1, 320 8,854 2, 422 1,793 2,300 3, 286 6,764 7,312 2, 025 1,915 CUOL....... 1.703 1,807 6,016 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands-Continuod. Pueblos. Island, province, or district. Population Population estimated census of 1898-99. 1887. 7,168 14, 376 11,519 12, 435 6,385 2, 246 4,394 851 6, 076 2,834 4,339 Roquetas. Rosales. Rosario.. Do... Do... Ronda.... Sablayán. Sablán..... Sacasacan .. Sadanga.... Sagay..... Sagnay. Salasa .. Salay.. Salcedo... 864 543 25 568 3,154 5, 066 3,985 7,067 1,816 914 4, 470 Sagada. Salvador.... Sámal ....... Samboan Sanuqui ....... San Agustín. San Antonio. Dávao.. Nueva Ecija. Batangas. Cavite. Unión.. Cebú .... Ilocos Sur Benguet... Bontoc ... ....do... Misamis... Ambos Camarines.. Pangasinan... Misamis..... Ilocos Sur.. Sámar....... Bontoc ........ Misamis ....... Bataan....... Cebu ......... Bontoc ....... Masbate Laguna,.. Nueva Ecija. Zambales. Batanes Pangasinan Batanes ........ Tárlac...... Iloilo......... Tiagán ...... Iloilo..... Negros Occidenta Ilocos Sur .... Pangasinan Zambales.. Rizal..... Ambos Camarines. San Bartolomé San Carlos........... San Carlos de Marigatao... San Clemente... San Dionisio.... San Emilio .... San Enrique....... 5, 233 10, 422 545 1,129 1,649 7,269 4,988 1,722 23,934 1, 229 1,875 1, 782 109 3,015 3, 607 2,132 9, 018 4,265 5, 465 3,271 12, 155 2,367 13.266 12,892 5,845 1, 635 1, 802 3,467 1,090 3, 293 4,938 7,052 532 1, 451 1,673 8,327 4,853 1,355 30, 148 1, 236 1,954 4,375 3,084 3,410 2, 821 9, 411 4,218 7,517 3,068 12,967 2,620 16,031 12, 185 453 8, 396 6, 486 1,231 7, 262 San Esteban San Fabián .. San Felipe... San Felipe Nery... San Fernando.. Cebú. San Fernando (Rivera de)... San Francisco. 9,055 San Gregorio San Ildefonso.. 2,584 San Isidro del Campo . San Isidro ..... 6,567 1, 429 6, 601 2,033 3,352 7,056 2,531 2,863 2,459 5,059 13,918 9,000 10,000 2,397 '514 San Jacinto. 3,145 9,474 4,340 2, 623 2, 469 4,862 12,516 7, 903 9,874 2, 760 458 San Joaquín.. San José.. Masbate.... Pampanga. Unión Zambales. Cavite... Cebú. Abra Bulacán. Ilocos Sur ...... Leyte... Nueva Ecija... Pangasinan .. Zambales... Masbate.. Pangasinan Iloilo.... Ambos Camarines Batangas ....... Bulacan .......... Corregidor Dávao.. Nueva Ecija Antique... Principe.. Batanes Abra. Manila (Rizal). Abra ...... Batangas ....... Bohol... Nueva Ecija.... Negros Oriental. Surigao.... Unión. Manila (Rizal) Sámar. Nueva Ecija .... Batangas Pampanga.... Pangasinan.. Zambales. Rizal ....... San José de Buenavista. San José de Casignán... San José de Ibana. San José de Manabo. San José de Navotas. San Juan ..... 852 5,621 267 1,951 1,285 9,154 1,146 14,017 6, 634 2,237 818 714 11,168 5, 428 5,971 San Juan (de Guimba).. San Juan de Macapilay) .. 2,994 5,979 San Juan del Monte.. San Julián ... San Leonardo. San Luis....... 341 9,716 2,288 2,955 10, 211 2,011 3,616 5,201 10, 298 6, 867 4,043 6,700 5,899 San Manuel San Marcelino.. San Mateo. 10, 765 10,164 4,275 4,641 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 61 Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands--Continued. Pueblos. Island, province, or district. Popnlation Population, estimated census of 1898-99. 1887. San Miguel or Sarrat...... 11, 251 6,830 San Miguel de Mayumo... San Nicolás.. Ilocos Norte.... Iloilo.... Leyte........ Pampanga... Bulacán..... Ilocos Norte.. Cebu .. Pangasinan Tayabas....... Zambales... Laguna...... Burias. Antique ..... Rizal. Laguna..... 9,015 7,300 4, 126 1,887 20, 460 9,578 17, 800 10, 204 1,087 7,255 19,537 1,601 7,366 3,921 3,700 San Narciso.... 2,648 5,585 19, 397 13,056 21,586 12, 743 2, 178 7,282 19, 365 1.690 6,830 3,625 4,404 San Pablo San Pascual San Pedro ...... San Pedro Macati San Pedro Tunasán.. San Quintín 725 6,852 8,469 968 7,578 10,149 San Rafael .... San Ramón.... San Remigio... 2,503 6,192 San Ricardo...... San Roque .. San Sebastián .. 3,182 3,505 6, 681 3,077 5, 667 2, 442 1, 900 7,088 San Simón. Sanchez Mira... Santa........... Santander ...... Santa Ana ...... Santiago... Santa Ana. .... Abra... Nueva Ecija... Bulacan .............. Dávao.. Antique. Cebu ..... Leyte ...... Cavite ..... Cebú. Sámar.... Pampanga........... Cagayán.............. Ilocos Sur ............ Cebu ... Manila City Ilocos Sur Misamis.. Pampanga. Iloilo Pangasinan Ilocos Sur ..... Dávao ........... Laguna ...... Ilocos Sur..... Zambales. Cavite.. Mindoro .. 839 7,817 2,998 8,532 4,686 2,194 4,087 881 Santa Bárbara. 6,132 13,000 7,595 5, 100 Santa Catalina .. Santa Cruz....... 8,700 3,820 2,961 4, 123 2,242 6,322 15, 167 9,667 5, 167 714 12, 940 7,656 5, 185 7, 453 199 15,568 2, 936 Santa Cruz de Malabón Santa Cruz de Mindoro. Santa Cruz de Napo Santa Fe .....do 13,141 5,876 4,594 8,546 300 15, 797 3, 102 1,751 1,374 8,125 7,113 10,030 2, 607 3,939 2, 200 840 1,855 10, 508 Santa Ignacia ... Santa Isabel... Santa Lucía ... Santa María .... 1,447 6, 520 7.566 12, 622 2,842 4,944 2,681 855 715 9,476 Santa María de Caboan. Santa María de Mayán. Santa María de Pandi Santa Margarita......... Santa Rita.......... Santa Rosa ...... Santo Domingo....... Santo Domingo de Basco... Santo Niño. 7, 359 4,394 9, 434 4,324 8,931 8,389 2,337 9, 355 3,723 8,114 Cebú Romblon Tárlac ........... Bulacan ......... Ilocos Sur ........ Ilocos Sur.. Isabela de Luzón. Pangasinan. Zamboanga... Laguna. Batanes Bulacán. Sámar......... Pampanga.. Samar ..... Laguna, .::. Nueva Ecija.. Ilocos Sur Nueva Ecija. Batanes ... Cagayan.... Sámar.,... Nueva Ecija.... Batangas ....... Pampanga Unión. Ambos Camarines. Ilocos Sur Batanes Quiangan Surigao....... Cápiz....... Concepción..... Negros Occidental. Tayabas... Antique... Mindoro.. . ... 3,269 3, 303 Santor. Santo Tomás 2,981 2,891 4,918 2,921 10,769 4,321 6,481 1,325 5,237 1,753 San Vicente .... San Vicente de Saptang. Sapao... 3,099 11, 039 3,781 4,863 869 5, 469 1, 791 1,548 3,181 6,451 9,556 7,112 4,391 271 Sapián. Sara ........ Saravia.. Sariaya.. Sebaste Semerara 1,300 4,863 10,950 15,304 6.966 3,676 189 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands--Continued. Pueblos. Island, province, or district.. Population Population, estimated census of 1898-99. 1887. Sevilla 5,920 1,133 7,969 8,142 252 23, 455 11, 675 5,337 1,495 6, 289 146 8,210 399 22, 979 12, 285 5,857 1, 460 6, 346 2,119 4,960 7, 224 Sexmoán. Siasi...... Siaton.... Sibay..... Sibonga .. Sibalón... Sibsibu ...... Sibulan.. Sierra Bullones.... Sigáboy..... Sigma ...... Silang ..... Silay ..... Sinait...... Siniloan.. Sipocot.. Siquijor. Siquijor Siruma Sógod. Sógod Solana.... Solano... Solsona....... Sorsogon ..... Sual... Suay...... Sabaang. Súbic. Súlat. Súmag..... Surigao.. Taal........... Tabaco ........ Tabogón...... Tabontabón.. Taccon.. Tacloban.... Taganaán .. Tagbilaran. Tago .... **** Tagoloan. Tagudín... Taguig.............. Talacogon... 900 1,660 7,411 14,537 6,936 5, 659 1,066 11, 788 679 6,719 4,722 5,578 4,190 3,991 10, 720 2, 636 2,972 397 3,016 4,615 4, 332 6,285 33, 378 17, 436 8,631 Bohol.. Ilocos Sur ..... Pampanga..... Sulu .......... . Negros Oriental Mindoro........... Cebu ..... Antique .......... Tiagán ...... Negros Oriental ... Bohol. Malabang .... Antique.... Cavite.... i Negros Occidental. Ilocos Sur .. Laguna... Ambos Camarines. Bohol ..... Negros Oriental .. Ambos Camarines. Cebú. Leyte. Cagayan....... Nueva Vizcaya. Ilocos Norte Sorsogon ..... Pangasinan.. Negros Occidental.. Mindoro..... Zambales. Sámar.. Negros Occidental.. Surigao... Batangas.. Albay Cebu ....... Leyte. Bontoc .... Leyte...... Surigao.... Bohol Surigao. Misamis... Ilocos Sur. Rizal.... Butúan.... Surigao... Cebú .. Nueva Ecija. Palawan Bohol .. Ambos Camarines. Batangas.. Cebú. Misamis..... Bontoc ..... Rizal.. Cotabato.. Batangas.. Leyte........ Rizal...... Surigao... Cápiz... Negros Oriental ... Bontoc .... Cápiz..... Sámar.... Dávao. Tárlac... Tayabas..... Negros Oriental Batangas............ Rizal ............. Palawan .. Pangasinan. 645 5, 226 1,562 8,638 1,909 3, 378 4,055 9,662 7,503 5, 288 1,069 9, 211 7,654 533 5, 873 4, 484 6,087 5, 285 4,150 10,313 3,961 1,598 403 2,791 4,644 4,425 4,952 22, 039 16, 655 7,773 341 4,899 2, 026 7,628 2, 416 5,791 3,797 9,978 1,568 7,218 6, 439 663 4,011 3,419 6,805 16,089 2, 392 611 21,762 1,258 20, 452 14,624 4,349 2, 443 3,137 10,300 2, 486 4, 326 8.105 16,058 1, 381 7, 204 11,585 6, 226 2, 720 Talambán ...... Talavera .. Talindac .. Talibón (Talibong). Talisay... 7,321 3, 567 8,111 19, 000 1,684 Talisayan.. Talubing ... Tambóbong .. Tamontaca.. Tanauan.. 25,000 1,900 20,036 18,509 4,529 5, 210 2,982 12, 408 492 2,892 3,950 Tanay Tandag.. Tangalan.. Tanjay .. Tanolo.. Tapás.. Tarangunan Tarifa ..... Tárlac.. Tayabas.. Tayasan.. Taysan. Taytay 10251 7,472 9,668 15,000 1,569 6,971 6,800 2,331 19, 612 3,436 4,250 1,828 1,340 5,643 Tayug .... Tayum (Tayún). Teresa Ternate. Tetapan .. Tetuán. Abra ..... Rizal......... Cavite.... Bontoc Zamboanga 934 9,804 3, 201 1,893 2, 371 1, 037 3,920 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 63 Pueblos (towns) in the Philippine Islands-Continued. Pueblos. Island, province, or district. Population Population, estimated census of 1898-99. 1897. Abra .... Tiagán Tiaong Tibiao Ticlin Tigao....... Tigaon .... Tigbauan. Timamana .. Tinambac. Tiui, or Tivi. Toledo.. Tolón..... Tolosa ... 7, 783 6,858 6, 201 275 6,950 5,402 884 1, 909 4,100 9, 109 . 2, 497 10, 215 10,922 1,514 5,587 3,079 9, 904 2,615 10, 163 8,520 2,889 4,885 3,119 1,409 4,986 6, 793 505 3,378 15,855 996 4,368 10, 760 2,909 1,589 4,800 6,519 2, 155 2, 296 11, 612 1,182 5,317 8,264 Tayabas.... Antique.. Mindoro. Surigao...... Ambos Camarines.. Iloilo ............. Surigao..... Ambos Camarines. Albay Cebú .. Negros Oriental Leyte....... Surigao..... Marinduque Benguet. Cagayán... Unión...... Surigao...... Sámar..... Bohol..... Benguet... Iloilo. Cebú .. .....do.. Cagayán.. Isabela de Luzón.... Bontoc ..... Batangas.... Bohol .. Nueva yizcaya. Nueva Ecija. Tayabas. Pangasinan .....do ... Masbate.... Antique.... Bohol .. Negros Occidental Nueva Ecija Catanduanes.. Dávao ....... Butúan. Tárlac. Ilocos Sur Bohol ... Leyte..... Sámar... Pangasinan. Abra ..... Ilocos Norte. Catanduanes | Mindanao ... Negros Oriental Nueva Ecija Zambales.. Iloilo..... Sámar... Torrijos... Trinidad. Tuao .... Tubao .... Túbay. Túbig.. Tubigón.... Tublay .... Tubungan.. Tuburan. Tudela Tuguegarao Tumauini. Tucucan... Tuy .. . Ubay ...... Ubong.... Umingan. Unisan. Urbiztondo.. Urdaneta.. Usón Valderrama.. Valencia ....... Valladolid ... Valle. Vega ......... Vera........ Veruela .. Victoria Vigan Vilar Villaba. Villa-Real. Villasis.... Villa vieja ... Vintar....... Virac (Birac).. Zamboanga .... Zamboanguita Zaragoza 19,277 4,571 403 11,011 3,689 16,826 4,814 407 10,150 3,552 977 5,848 3, 155 5,182 16,588 2,105 4,372 6,904 14,000 5.014 1.811 6,142 16,481 1, 966 4.426 7,032 10, 207 508 2,927 2,896 10,362 19,000 6,665 3,257 6,091 11, 968 859 11,803 5,832 21,300 5,603 5, 250 5, 208 4,561 10,234 14,249 6,243 2,495 5, 293 7,383 2,149 5,427 3,803 4,869 5,907 5,687 5, 465 9,178 Zárraga... Zumárraga ...... THE PHILIPPINE PEOPLE. The native inhabitants of the Philippine Islands may be classified as follows: Négritos, Indonesians, Malayans, European Mestizos. Negritos.-These are generally supposed to have been the first inhabitants of the islands, having come from New Guinea. As the name indicates, they are of small size and black color. They live in ain forests, where they were driven back by later invaders. There are Negritos of pure blood, like those which inhabit the moun- tains of Bataan, and the Mamanuas, the true aborigines of the island of Mindanao. There are other Negritos of mixed blood, and to this Class belong the Negritos of Albay, Ilocos Norte and Sur, Tayabas, 64 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Ambos Camarines, Nueva Ecija, Iloílo, and Negros; the Manguianes of Mindoro, Tablas, Masbate, and Ticao; the Aetas of Pangasinan and Zambales; the Buquiles of Mindoro and Zambales; the Igorrotes and the Attás. Indonesians. The native inhabitants of the island of Mindanao who are not either Negritos or Malays belong to the Indonesian race. Their characteristics are considerable height, great muscular develop- ment, prominence of the occipital region, high forehead, aquiline nose slightly curved, wavy hair, abundant beard, and light color. The Indonesians of pure or nearly pure blood are divided into different tribes, called Bagobos, Guiangas, Atas, Tagacaolos, Manolos, Man- dayas, and Cataganes. The Indonesians of mixed blood are also divided into several groups, as the Samales, Tagabanas, Bilanes, Manguangas, Dulanganes, Tagabalíes, Monteses, Subanos, and Tirurayes. Malayans.- The Malayan race is the most largely represented in the population. It is at present not found in any part of the archi- pelago in a pure state, but is always more or less mixed with other races, Negritos, Chinese, Japanese, Indonesians, and Europeans. The Philippine-Malays may be divided in three great groups: Christian Malays, Pagan Malays, and Mohammedan Malays or Moros. The Christian Malays are the Tagalogs, gathered about Manila and in some of the most highly civilized provinces of the Philippines to the num- ber of about 1,500,000; the Bicols, who inhabit Sorsogón, Albay, Ambos Camarines, and a part of Tayabas; the Visayans, who, to the number of 2,500,000, spread over the group of islands bearing the same name, and since very early times have been establishing them- selves on the coast of Mindanao; the Pampangos, the Pangasináns, and the Ilocanos, who inhabit the provinces of Pampanga, Pangasinan, and Ilocos, respectively. The Pagan-Malays are the Cimarrones, who inhabit the peninsula of Camarines; the Tinguianes or Itanegs, who live in Lepanto and Abra; the Ifugaos, who inhabit the Cordillera of the eastern Caraballos; the Catalan ganes, who live along the east- ern branch of the river Ilagan in the province of Isabela de Luzón; finally the Manguianes, who inhabit the island of Mindoro. The Malay Mohammedans are divided into several tribes, as the Moros, who occupy Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, and Palawan (Paragua) to the number of 40,500, Sulu being the political, religious, and commercial center of all the Moros; the Moros of the Rio Grande, Lanao Lake, and Illana Bay, about 200,000; the Moros living along the Gulf of Dávao, who have an admixture of Indonesian blood; the Sanguiles, who occupy a strip along the southern coast of Mindanao from Culut to the Gulf of Sarangani; the Lutangas, who inhabit the little island of Olutanga; the Calibuganes, who are found in small groups along the shore of the Gulf of Sibuguey; the Samales-Laut, who inhabit the coast region of Basilan; the Yacanes, who occupy the interior of that island. European Mestizos.-These are the product of intermarriage between natives and Europeans, principally Spaniards, their number ing become large since the beginning of Spanish domination They are to be found in all regions which have been reached by the commerce of Europe, but they are particularly numerous at the cap- ital and vicinity, as well as in the various provincial capitals and more important towns. MANILA, SHOWING THE BRIDGE OF SPAIN, THE BACKGROUND OF THE COMMERCIAL HOUSES IN ESCOLTA STREET, AND THE MAGALLANES AVENUE, LEADING TO TWO OF THE GATES OF THE WALLED CITY. On the right of the bridge is the Muelle del Pasage de Pérez, in direct connection with Escolta street, and a stopping place for steamboats going to Laguna Province. THE PRINCIPAL HOUSE IN SULU, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. A NATIVE VILLAGE IN LUZÓN. A NATIVE HOUSE AND FAMILY IN LUZON. The house is built of cane and nipa, or páuit." MORO HOUSES, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. TAGÁLOG GIRL SELLING MANGOES IN MANILA, LUZÓN. MESTIZOS (TAGALOG-SPANISH AND TAGALOG-CHINESE), MANILA, LUZON. RANCH OF MOROS IN THE PORT OF BILAMBÍLAM, SURIGAO, MINDANAO. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 65 RACES. The inhabitants, ethnologically arranged under the three distinct races named, are known by 84 tribal names or habitats, viz: Negritos.-The earlier, if not the aboriginal, occupants of the entire archipelago are subdivided under 21 tribal names, having their habitat in the highest mountain and inaccessible parts of Luzon, Pangasinan, Cagayán, Zambales, Bataan, Albay, Ilocos (North and South), Tayabas, Ambos Camarines, Nueva Ecija, Mindoro, Mindanao, Mainit Lake, Surigao, Tago Mountain, Tablas, Sibuyán, Masbate, Ticao, Panay (Iloilo), Negros. Estimated at 25,000. Indonesian.-Confined to Mindanao under 16 tribal names. Esti- mated at 252,200. Malayan.--Recognized under 47 race and tribal names, many dwell- ing in the most inaccessible mountain elevations and forests of Lụzón, Zambales, Ilocos (North and South), Ambos Camarines, Nueva Ecija, Tayabas, Albay, Lepanto, Cagayán, Isabela, Príncipe, Nueva Vizcaya, Abra, Pampanga, Benguet, Rizal, Pangasinan, Mindoro, Sibuyán, Visayan Islands, Mindanao, Basilan, Palawan, Calamianes group, Sulu Archipelago. Census and estimated at 5,699,400. The dominant races, the VISAYAS 2,601,600, TAGALOGS 1,663,900, BICOLES 518,100, ILOCANOS 441,700, PANGASINANES 365,500, PAMPAN- GOS 337,900, CAGAYANES 166,300, and MOROS 100,000, exclusive of MINDANAO, are of this blood." Chinese in the Philippines. The following, in the absence of defi- nite information on the subject, may be considered an approximate exhibit of the number of Chinese in the Philippine Islands. [Under the census of 1887.] Men, Women. Total. Residents present, foreign ........ Transients, foreign, presumably of European and American nationa 33, 458 932 456 21 33,914 953 [Under the parochial enumeration of population of the Philippine archipelago (and the Marianas) at the close of 1885, compiled by the Archbishop of Manila.] 37,585 Foreigners enumerated, Chinese. From other nations .... 527 Total 38, 112 In 1888, coincident with the movement in the United States, an effort was made by Spain to exclude the Chinese from the Philippines, but without success. In September, 1898, during the cessation of hostilities under the protocol, by order of the military governor, the Chinese exclusion acts of the United States were made operative in the Philippines. Since that time only former residents and the exempt classes have been admitted. Under these conditions from January 1, 1899, to and including May, 1901, 28,758 Chinese arrived at Manila. Of these, 27,697 were permitted to land. During the same period 23,658 Chinese took their departure, leaving an increase of 4,029 arrivals over departures for that period, The Schurman commission of investigation (Report, vol. 1, Jan. 31, 1900, Senate Doc. 138, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session, p. 153) gives the figures at about 40,000 in the archipelago, of whom about 23,000 live in S. Doc. 280— 5* 66 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Manila. During the Spanish régime between 10,000 and 12,000 entered Manila and 7,000 to 8,000 went back to China each year. Of the latter, many returned after 4 or 5 months' absence. This report adds: “There are about 2,000 Chinese women in Manila. Some of these are married, but most of them are concubines. About 100 or 200 Chinese children are annually born in Manila. About 300 Chinese die every year. Many Chinese men marry Filipino women. The second generation is called 'Mestizos,' who are said to be intelligent men, but are restless, scheming, and untrustworthy.” From the above we have- Parochial enumeration of population, 1885........ ............. ............. 37,585 Average annual net increase of arrivals over departures, 1885-1899, 14 years, 1,000 per annum.. 14, 000 Increase under United States jurisdiction, 1899, January 1, to May, 1901, 2 years and 5 months. 4,029 Total approximate number of Chinese in the Philippine Islands according to the above bases of estimate............... ........ 55, 614 A recent census of the city of Manila claims a population of upward of 50,000 residing within the city limits, mostly in Binondo, the mer- cantile and shipping quarter. As the number of Chinese outside of Manila is not great, the approximation, 55,614, from statistics available is not excessive for the entire archipelago, January 1, 1902. This exotic race established itself in the country originally as invaders and later as merchants and traders. Its number, as shown, is large as com- pared with the other peoples of foreign blood. Their influence in Tocal trade and industry is potential, and in some cases a monopoly. Civilized races. Of the 84 races and tribes 8 may be regarded as civilized, in numbers approximately as follows, also showing compari- son as to numbers with the nearest population of a State of the United States: Race. State of the United Stetes. Approximatel Popula- number of tion. individuals. Territory occupied. Visayans. Tagálogs ...... Bicol......... Ilocanos ....... Indiana Mississippi ... Washington ... Rhode Island.. Vermont ..... North Dakota 2, 601, 600 ... 2,516, 462 1,663,900.. 1 1,551, 270 518, 100 518, 103 441, 700 428, 556 365,500 ... 343, 641 337, 900 319, 146 268, 000.. 276, 749 166, 300 161, 722 Sq. m. 28, 100 36, 350 15, 380 46,810 16, 900 69, 180 6,170 1,750 1,950 9,565 1,950 70, 795 12, 860 84,970 11,050 84,800 Pangasinans. ** Pampangos... Moros Cagayanes Utah Idaho * Civilized but non-Christian. Non-Christian tribes. The population, number of tribes, and dis- tribution of this important element among the peoples of the Phil- ippines is largely speculative. That non-Christian tribes exist in the provinces of Cagayán, North Ilocos, South Ilocos, Unión, Pangasinan, Tárlac, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Bataan, Pampanga, Bulacán, Tayabas, Ambos Camarines, Romblon, Cápiz, Antique, Iloilo, Western Negros, Eastern Negros, Sámar, Surigao, and Misamis is known. The pre- dominance of Christianized natives in each of these provinces, however, is great. In Isabela and Abra the non-Christian tribes are numerous and important, while in Bontoc, Lepanto, Nueva Vizcaya, Benguet, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Príncipe, Infanta, Mindoro, the Calamianes Islands, Palawan, Balábac, the Sulu Archipelago, and the districts of Zamboanga, Cotabato, and Dávao, in Mindanao, they constitute the bulk of the population. The total nonchristian population is roughly estimated at 2,000,000. Physical and political characteristics of the nonchristian tribes.—The Negritos are physical and mental weaklings. The Igor- rotes of Bontoc display physical development and mental and moral qualities such as to lend weight to the opinion of the Filipino patriot, José Rizal, who said, “The future of the Philippine Islands is in the people of their mountains.” The Moro tribes of S. Mindanao, the Sulu Archipelago, Balábac, and S. Palawan (Paragua) alone could afford any serious menace to public order or to the peace of any important portion of the archipelago. The friendliest relations have thus far been maintained with the Moros. The Moros of the Lake Lanao region, Mindanao, have long been reputed the fiercest and most uncompromis- ing members of their tribe. The Spanish Government spent several years in an unavailing attempt to subdue them. Under American rule markets have been established for them at Iligan, on the N., and at Tucuran, on the S. coasts. They are now coming down to the sea on market days in constantly increasing numbers, indicating greater con- fidence. With the exception of Misamis, there are no Moros in any province where civil government has been established. The Tinguia- nes in Abra are possessed of a very considerable degree of civilization. The Moros have a fairly well-organized governmental system, but no other one of the numerous nonchristian peoples has a tribal govern- ment, while in not a few cases the family is the only recognized social unit, and even the family tie is loose. Certain of the nonchristian tribes have highly objectionable customs, as among the Moros. The e majority of these people are slaves, having sold themselves for debt, or are the children of those who so sold themselves, the obliga- tions of parents being inherited by their offspring. However, a slave may secure his liberty by paying to his owner an amount equal to the price paid for him. In the majority of cases slaves are treated kindly and frequently allowed time and opportunity to earn money, so that it is possible for them to redeem themselves if they desire to do so. Slavery in the Philippines is not confined to the Moros. It is common ong the wild Indonesian tribes in the interior of Mindanao and among the wild Malayans of N. Luzón. A practical result of the intercourse between Moros and Americans has already been seen in the proclamation of Dato Mandji, abolishing slavery among his people in the district of Zamboanga. Languages, spoken and written.-The languages spoken in the Philippine Archipelago are: English, Spanish, and the vernacular dia- lects. English is the speech of the Americans, English and a small number of natives educated in some English-speaking country. The knowledge and use of the English language is rapidly spreading on the archipelago since the American occupation. Spanish is the lan- guage common to all educated people, the mass speaking only the native dialect peculiar to their respective localities. More than 9 per cent of the people speak Spanish, according to the best estimates. The principal Philippine dialects are: The Ibanag and Ilocano, of N. Luzón; the Pangasinan, Pampanga, and Tagalog, of central Luzón; the Bicol (Vícol) in S. Luzón; the Bisava (Visava), which is in use throughout the islands of the same name; the numerous dialects of Mindanao, the larg 68 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Moro, Mabobo, Montés, and Buguidnón; and finally the language of the Negritos. All the languages with the exception of the Negrito, which is conspicuously different from the rest, are not only similar, but also display an intimate relationship to the Malayan tongue from which they are supposed to be derived. In N. and E. Mindanao very similar dialects of Visayan are spoken. Not more than 3 or 4 per cent of this population in general speak Spanish. A much smaller per cent of children than of adults speak Spanish. In Zamboanga province nearly all understand Spanish and speak it after a fashion. In the other southern towns of Mindanao more or less Spanish, Tagalog, Vis- ayan, and Moro is spoken. The various tribes around Dávao have their special dialects; likewise, the Monteses, Subanos, and hill tribes have theirs. The Cotabato and Lanao Moros have different dialects. In Paragua, Calamianes, and Cuyos islands there are various dialects, but the most common is Cuyono, which is a Visayan dialect, not much like the N. Mindanao speech. The Philippine peoples under this lin- guistic classification have attained various degrees of civilization, the Tagalog the highest, and with the exception of the Mohammedan- Moros, have been Christianized. The wild tribes as a rule are peaceful and harmless, although many fierce by nature have shown a decidedly warlike spirit. Head-hunting in N. Luzon and cannibalism is charged. Polygamy and slavery is also common. Human sacrifice exists in central Mindanao. The aggregate of the numbers in this abject con- dition is, however, small compared with the total of the dominant races. Dialects. The following is a list of the various dialects in which works have been published and in use in the archipelago, according to Retana in his valuable Catálogo Abreviado de la Biblioteca Filipina, Madrid, 1898, who mentions 27 idioms among the linguistic divisions of the inhabitants: Aeta (Negrito) Negros, in parts of Luzon and Panay; Batanes (Vitanes), Batanes group; Bícol (Vícol), SE. Luzón; Bilaan, Sarangani Island, Mindanao; Bisaya (Visaya), in the Visayan group; Bagobo, Mindanao and Apo Mountain; Calamian Calamianes; Cebuano, Cebú; Cuyono, Cuyos group; Egongot (Ilongote), E. central Luzón; Gadán, NE. Luzón; Harayo, Panay; Hiligayno, Panay; I bánag, Luzón; Ilocano, NW. Luzón; Ilongote, E. Luzón; Isinay, central Luzón; Joloano, Joló (Sulu); Manobo, Mindanao; Moro-Maguindanao, Mindoro and Sulu; Negritos (Aeta) Negros, Luzón, Panay; Panayano, Panay; Pampango, Pampanga, W. central Luzón; Pangasinan, Pan- gasinan; Sámal, Basilan, Mindanao; Tagacaolo, Mindanao; Tagalog, central Luzon and Manila; Tagbanúa, Palawan; Tino (Zambales), Zam- bales; Tiruray, Mindanao, Luzón; Vícol (Bícol), SE. Luzón; Vitanes (Batanes), Batanes group; Visaya (Bisaya), Visayan group and N. Mindanao; Zambales (Tino), W. Luzón. Alphabet.-The primitive Philippine alphabets were introduced by the Indians, the second set of colonists who came to the islands. These alphabets resemble somewhat the Arabic writing, and do not differ in the phonetic value of the signs, but only in their number and in the way in which they are formed. As to the direction in which the writing is formed, some authors are of opinion that the natives wrote from below upward in columns or vertical lines, beginning at the left and ending at the right. Other writers claim that the natives wrote horizontally from left to right, although it seems that this was the case after some years of Spanish domination. The old Philippine alphabets were promptly abandoned and the Spanish adopted instead. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 69 As early as 1745 a writer stated "it is rare to find an Indian who knows how to read them (Indian alphabets), and extremely rare that any one knows how to read them. It may be said that they are not even remembered.” The Moros in Mindanao and Sulu still retain their primitive alphabet in writing, which also shows not only distinct traces of Arabic origin introduced by the early Arabic teachers of the doctrines of Islam in the southern islands, but in the more finished styles is intelligible among the Arabs of Arabia. RELIGION. Except the Moros (Moslems) and wild tribes (pagans) the people of the islands are Roman Catholic. As shown by the church registry, in 1898 6,559,998 souls were distributed among 746 regular parishes, 105 mission parishes, 116 missions—total, 967. Of the regular parishes all but 150 were administered by Spanish monks of the Dominican, Augustinian, or Franciscan orders, natives not being admitted to those orders. The Recolletos or the unshod are an offshoot of the original order of St. Augustine. By the revolutions of 1896 and 189 bers of the orders were obliged to take refuge in Manila; of the num- ber 40 were killed and 403 imprisoned until relieved by the American troops. Of 1,124 in the islands in 1896 but 472 remain. There were at that time missions and missionaries-42 Jesuits, 16 Capuchins, 6 Benedictines, and 150 native secular clergymen with small parishes. There were many native priests assisting friar curates. The establishment of religious freedom is guaranteed under the Treaty of Peace, December 10, 1898, in terms, "the inhabitants territories over which Spain relinquishes or cedes ber sovereignty shall be secured in the free exercise of their religion.” [Article xj. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The Philippine archipelago comprises 12 principal islands and 3 groups, adjacent to which are 1,583 dependent islands. The names and areas of these islands may be found with the description of the main island or province to which they are considered dependent. List of main islands or groups in the order of area of mainland with the number and area of dependent islands. Main island or group. Dependent islands. Area. Sq. m. 1,162 1,160 Number 258 311 148 17 116 135 26 468 58 Mindanao.. Luzón....... Sámar..... Negros ... Panay... Palawan. Mindoro . Leyte Cebu ...... Bohol ...... Masbate........ Marinduque .. Sulu Archipelago. Calamianes (group). Cuyos (group) .. 40 342 114 29 59 214 46 85 188 98 1,531 Total.. Add Burias and Ticao .. 5,512 461 Romblón...... GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Number and area of dependent islands. 100 to 1,000 sq.m.. 50 to 100 sq.m...... 25 to 50 sq.m........ 10 to 25 sq.m....... 5 to 10 sq.m....... Less than 5 sq.m... 1,462 Total ...... 1,583 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The staples of the archipelago in their order of importance are hemp (abaca), tobacco, sugar, copra, coffee, and rice. The other products are cocoanuts, chocolate, corn, wheat, indigo, benne seed (sesame), pea- nuts, and vegetables of many varieties. In some of the islands in the higher altitudes all the cereals and vegetables of the United States thrive. In Mindanao and Palawan to the general list may be added cinnamon, cloves, nutmegs, mace, and the other valuable products of the spice islands of the East. The betel and betel pepper so exten- sively used among Asiatic peoples grow abundantly in many parts. The tea plant also thrives. The soils of the islands of the achipelago consist of the decomposition products of the prevailing rocks-porphyritic, syemetic, hornblende, and other varieties of granite, crystalline schists generally, siliceous and argillaceous limestones, trachytes, basalts, andesites, etc., and the allu- viums of the river levels. They possess great fertility and, liberally watered, yield luxuriantly all the indigenous and any of the attempted exotic vegetable products of tropical and subtropical latitudes. The wonderful productiveness of the soil and diversity of climate make the Philippine Islands one of the richest agricultural regions of the world. Improved methods of cultivation and machinery will add to this branch of wealth. Economic classification. The following Philippine commercial and industrial products of agriculture are the staples of home con- sumption, manufacture, and export, arranged in groups: Gramineous plants or grasses.-The most important are rice, corn, bamboo, zacate, cogon, and sorghum, or batad. PALAY, or RICE (Oryza sativa, L.), is the chief food of all Eastern peoples, and in the Philippines is the principal crop upon which the sustenance of the indigenous population and of the numerous Chinese inhabitants depends. Rice boiled in water without salt, called by Spaniards “morisqueta” and by the Tagalos “canin," is looked upon by the natives the same as Americans and Europeans look upon bread, so that a scarcity of rice always causes great hardship to the people of the islands. More than 120 varieties of rice are known, distinguished by the size, color, and flavor of their grains, those of greatest importance being Mimis, greatly esteemed on account of its white, transparent grain and excellent flavor; Binuhangin, Dumali, Bontot- cabayo, and others. A variety called Malagquit has an unusual glutinous quality and is much used in the manufacture of cakes and pastry. The rice is cultivated either on lowlands (irrigated) or on uplands (dry). For the cultivation of lowland rice the ground is divided into small rectangular plots, having a slight inclination and surrounded with little dikes, called pilapil, which serve to retain the water. While these beds are sprouting the flooded lands are worked, the carabao (water buffalo) being used, into a soft mud. When the rice grows to a height of 20 cm. (1 cm.= 0.3937 U. S. in.) it is pulled from the beds, formed into bundles, and taken to the place where it is to be transplanted. Regular lines of holes are made irf the softened earth, in each of which is placed a bunch of 6 or 7 stalks. When harvest time comes, in August or a little later, the plants are taken out one by one. The palay is now placed in heaps, called "mandalas.” The grain is separated from the straw by thrashing, or by use of wind whenever possible, and is finally separated from the husk by pounding two or three times in a wooden mortar, called a "lusong," podarom the bed rice growsed, the teaina bike water. w placedlist or a little la placed a buncular lines of ho bundles, a GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 71 or by making use of a sort of handmill, called "guilingan." On the highlands it is necessary to go over the ground two or three times and break up all clods. The seed is sown by hand after the first heavy rains, and without other care the crop is finally collected. The ordinary price of rice in the husk, called palay, is 13 to 14 reales fuertes per cavan of 75 liters (about 60 to 65 cents per bushel), while that of shelled rice is from 20 to 22 reales fuertes per cavan (about 90 cents to $1 per bushel). The rice has as its enemies the locust, which totally destroys the crops; an insect which attacks the young and tender grain, sucking the juice and leaving it completely empty; the maya, a small bird abundant in the lowlands, and the monkey in certain regions. Formerly the rice was a great article of export, but to-day a large supply comes from Cochin China, the annual production, about 17,000,000 cavans (36,000,000 bushels), being far below the actual food requirements of the population. The un hulled rice, or palay, is used as food for horses and poultry. CORN, or MAIZE (Zea mays, L.) is of American origin, whence it was carried by the Spaniards. Its cultivation has become quite general throughout the archipelago, especially in those regions where the soil is not altogether suitable for the cultivation of rice, as in Cagayan and Isabela. In some places it has taken the place of Moris- queta, being reduced to a coarse granular flour by means of the guilingan, and then boiled in water without salt. It is also used as food for cattle and fowls, as are the leaves and young stalks, which make excellent fodder. The quantity of maize annu- ally produced may be set down at about 2,000,000 cavans (about 4,250,000 bushels). It is sold at from 4 to 5 reales fuertes per cavan (about 18 to 23 cents per bushel) of shelled grain. BAMBOO of various species of the genus Bambùsa, the most useful being the Caua- yang Totoo, which at times reaches a diameter of more than 20 centimeters (0.3937 in.) and a height of more than 12 meters (1 meter=39.37 U. S. in.). It is employed principally in the construction of native houses, which are often made wholly of bamboo, except for the rattan used to tie it together, and the cogon or nipa used as thatch. It is also used in the construction of boats, rafts, bridges, aqueducts, scaf- folding, vessels of all kinds, hats, baskets, furniture, fishing apparatus, arms, rope, harnesses for buffaloes, etc. The young and tender shoots of the bamboo, called “labong,” make a very acceptable article of food, eaten in the form of salads, sauces, and other dishes; and in years of long-continued drought they even take the place of rice to a considerable extent. ZACATE (grass) includes several species used as forage for live stock, especially horses, the principal variety belonging to the genus Leèrsia. The cultivation is con- ducted with much care, as the returns near important towns are large. There are several crops a year. Cogon (Saccharum koenigii); a rapidly growing plant reaching 3 meters (about 10 ft.) in height, and forms a tangled mass only penetrable by fire or knife. The areas are burned over during the dry season, the young shoots being cut for cattle fodder when 18 in. high. Where nipa does not grow cogon is used for thatching.. SORGHUM, or BATAD (Holcus saccharatus, Bl.); a fodder plant in the Philippines cultivated in the United States for sugar or alcohol. A number of varieties of other grass and fodder plants form the pastures of the mountains. Textile plants. The principal textile plants which furnish fiber for the manufacture of cloth, cordage, etc., are abacá or hemp, cotton, pineapple, cabo negro, rattan or bejuco, ramie, agava, and pandán. ABACÁ (Musa textilis, L.) is principally cultivated in the provinces of Ambos Camarines, Albay, Sorsogón, and Catanduanes, in the islands of Sámar and Leyte, and on a smaller scale in Cebu, Mindoro, Marinduque, southern part of Negros, and the north of Mindanao. For its cultivation a moist climate is needed. The soil should be open and moist but not swampy. New plants are grown from shoots or suckers, called by the natives saga, which grow about the base of the plant. Gen- erally at the end of 3 years the plant reaches its full development, the most suitable time for cutting being when the fruit begins to show, as the fiber is then in best con- dition. The trunk, which looks like that of the banana, is cut down with a sharp knife. The lower part of the trunk and the leaves are then cut off, and the external layers of the plant or those containing the fiber are then removed and carried to the working house, where the fiber is extracted. The finest quality is called lupis or quilot, and is of pearly luster. Other grades are distinguished by their color and consistency. The plant has as enemies two insects, called “tamiloc" and "amarog," which pass through the metamorphosis in the trunk of the plant, ruining it. The abacá (hemp) constitutes one of the chief articles of exportation, perhaps the only burned over during the nipa does not groBr.); a fodder 72 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. re torrhe fiber, to its finela hem one which does not admit of any competition, the average yearly shipments amount- ing to nearly 100,000 long tons. It is exported principally to the United States and England, small quantities going to Spain, Australia, Singapore, and China. First grade between 1885-1894 ranged per kilogram (2.204 lbs.) between $17.12 and $6. The inferior grades run 25 to 40 per cent lower in the Manila market. The prices in the provinces are less. The production began to assume large proportions in 1855. At Manila are a few factories in which the abacá is made into cordage and rope. It is also used as a component of certain kinds of native cloth. Under existing conditions abacá plantations, with careful management, yield an annual return of 30 per cent . on the investment. COTTON (Gossypium herbaceum, L.) is cultivated in the provinces of North and South Ilocos, Unión, Pangasinan, and Abra. The soil should be open, strong, and easy to work, deeply plowed and carefully prepared, and planted when there is no danger of heavy rains, in furrows about 3 ft. apart, and an equal distance apart in the furrows. When the seed is ripe it is collected and the cotton passed through a series of manip- ulations, rendering it suitable for the manufacture of cloth. Other varieties grow wild, and are used for making pillows and mattresses. Cotton has recently lost much of its former importance because of the competition of British fabrics. PINEAPPLE (Bromelia ananas, L.), of American origin, is cultivated for its fruit and the fiber, which is obtained from its leaves. In the Philippines, however, it is of more importance as a textile plant. It grows on almost any ground, but gives best results in open, strong soil. In order to obtain the fiber the fruit is first cut so that the leaves may become as long and broad as possible. When the leaves are well developed they are torn off and scraped with a sharp instrument to separate the fleshy part and leave the fiber, which is washed, dried in the sun, combed out, classed in four grades, according to its fineness, and finally employed in the manu- facture of fabrics in the same way as Manila hemp. The finer filaments are woven by rude looms into a most delicate cloth, which is used for making handkerchiefs, waists, and other garments. CABO, NEGRO ( Arenga sacharifera Labill), called “cauong” by the natives, belongs to the family of palms. Along the edge of the stem of the leaf are long, black, and very strong fibers, which are useful for the manufacture of ropes and cordage, very durable and resisting moisture and even salt water. It is used also in making walls or partitions. RATTAN or BEJUCO, of the genus Calamus, of several species is called by the natives dilan, yantoc, talola-curag, and palasan. These spiny, climbing plants, which some- times attain a length of 200 meters (666 ft.), furnish to the natives a material of most extended application. The yantoc takes the place of nails, all the framework of the houses built of bamboo and nipa, and many of those built of wood, being held together by strongly laced bands of rattan. These rattans are also employed in the rigging of all the smaller boats, and in the making of rafts, hats, sacks and bags, chairs, and other articles of furniture. From the stems of the palasan are made canes of world-wide reputation. RAMIE (Boehmeria nivea), a nettle resembling that of. Spain, but without needles. The fiber forms on the outer bark of the plant. It attains a height of from 3 to 7 feet. The celebrated Canton linen is made from it, the fiber rivaling the flax. The cultivation is limited, on account of the special machinery required to extract the fiber. It is found only in the Batanes group and N. Luzon. In the urtica arbo- rescens, or Dalonot, the same fiber also exists. AGAVE (Agave Americana L.), called “Magui” or “Maguey” in Tagalog, originally from America. Its fleshy, sharp leaves, bordered with a row of spines, furnish the fiber from which the delicate Nipis cloth is made. It is cultivated on a small scale in certain localities in the archipelago, and exported in bulk to England, China, Japan, and Egypt. PANDAN (Pandanas spiralis Bl.), the leaves of which are used for the manufacture of hats and sacks, an important industry in Lucbán town and Tayabas province. The large leaves of the buri palm (Corypha umbraculifera L.) and the split stems of the leaves of the nito (Lygodium semihastatus Del) are utilized for the same purposes. Oil-producing plants. The most important in their order are- COCOANUT (Cocos nucifera L.), of the family of palms from India, and one of the most useful products of the Archipelago on account of its many industrial, domestic, and medicinal uses. The natives call it niog and the Spaniards coco. When the fruit is to be used for the manufacture of oil, a disk of the outer husk, called by the natives bonot, is first cut from either end. The rest of the husk is removed, the inner cov- ering, or shell, divided into two parts, and the adherent meat separated from the shells. The meat is then deposited in a large wooden tub which has a hole in the dilan, attain a lemlication, and nipa, an. These r of hats and sacks, the buri palm (Corypatus Del) are utilized GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 73 bes and and when huba," is es are utilized eaves are used to malbe roofs of their hom tions of ships at 30,000.), a natus as ta bottom for the escape of the oil, which flows from the mass simply by exposure to the sun. This primitive method being slow and imperfect, a better and more general one is by means of fire. The cocoanut is placed in suitable receptacles or in specially prepared ovens and boiled, or in a large kettle having a slow fire underneath. It is usual to express the oil from the meat, as a much larger quantity is obtained. The natives use this oil as a condiment, and while still fresh as a purgative. It is greatly used for lighting purposes and in the manufacture of soaps. Both in the Philippines and Europe it is used in the manufacture of perfumery. The copra, the dried kernel of the cocoanut, constitutes one of the chief articles of export. The macapuno, a variety of cocoanut, with its soft meat, is made into preserves and sweetmeats, and the buco, another variety, with its sweet meat and water, makes a delicious refreshing drink. Among the many other uses of the cocoanut may be mentioned: By tapping the central bud that crowns the tree a kind of wine, called "tuba," is produced, which, when allowed to ferment, produces vinegar, and when distilled a kind of brandy. From the husk the natives make ropes and cords and a material for calking their boats. From the woody shell they carve spoons, cups, beads for rosaries, and many other articles. The leaves they use to cover the roofs of their houses. The veins and smaller ribs of the leaves are used to make brooms, the midribs serve as fuel, and the ashes are utilized in making soap. The trunk of the palm is made to serve as a pillar to support the houses. Oil barrels, tuba casks, and water pipes are fash- ioned from hollow sections of the trunk. The cocoanut fruit is also a very impor- tant item of export. Manila ships annually about 150,000 pesos worth of cocoanuts to China and British India, and about 30,000 pesos worth of cocoanut oil to China. CASTOR OIL, RICINO, RICINUS (Communis L.), a native of India, there known as the Higuera infernal, or infernal fig, and to the Tagálogs as tangantangan. The seed of the Philippine variety produce about 40 per cent of oil for medicinal (purgative) or lighting purposes. A tree (Jatropha curcas), belonging to the same family, produces a reddish oil illuminant, known to the Tagálogs as tuba, in Iloilo as casla, and in Ilocos as "tavatava." LUMBANG (Alcurites tritoba Bl.) is cultivated for the oil extracted from its seeds, which is of good quality-used for lighting, calking ships, and painting. The refuse after the extraction of the oil is generally employed as a fertilizer for the betel palms. Lumbang oil is exported to China. BENNE SEED, SESAMA, or A.JONJOLI ( Sesamum orientale L.), one of the most anciently known and widely cultivated products of the Orient, and especially successful in growth in the Philippine Islands. The seeds often produce 53 per cent of fixed oil of sweet taste similar to the product of the olive, with which it is largely adulterated, and holds its purity longer. In Egypt, China, Japan, and other oriental countries it is used in place of lard or olive oil for cooking. It makes an excellent soap, cosmetic, and medicinal emulsion, for which purposes also it is an important artiele of export. The residuum after the extraction of the oil makes a fattening food for cattle and a fertilizer. After the sowing of the seed by hand the plants require no care except thinning and harvesting, to save loss of the seed. PEANUT, MANI, or CACAHUAT (Arachis hypogæa L.), a native of lower Guinea, thence taken to Brazil, now a favorite product of the three Americas, Europe, Asia, and Oceanica. In the Philippines, where the climate and soil are admirably adapted to its growth, the product is at present chiefly used as forage for cattle. Its seed produces half its weight in fixed oil, which is peculiarly adapted to hot climates, as it is slow in turning rancid, even exceeding the benne seed in that respect. The oil is yellowish, without odor, sweet, and fluid, and valuable in native toilet, lubricating, and soap preparations. The residuum, mixed with an equal weight of flour, makes excellent bread, and mixed with cacao is used in the manufacture of chocolate. Dye and starch plants. In this economic subdivision of plant life the Philippine Islands are rich, in the order of their importance, as follows: AÑIL or INDIGO (Indigofera tinctoria L.); the juice from the leaves and young stalks of the Philippine variety furnishes blue dyestuff freely, which is much used in the industries, and particularly in household economy. The principal provinces in which it is produced are Bataan, Batangas, Bulacán, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Pampanga, Tayabas, Zambales, Ilocos Norte and Sur Cápiz, and Bohol, where the most suitable conditions for its cultivation are found in the light, deep soil, as the roots ramify but little, the central root penetrating to considerable depth. The coloring matter is extracted principally from the leaves, which are collected as soon as they are completely formed and before the fruit has taken shape. The product is not only 74 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. extensively used in the islands for dyeing thread and cloth of cotton, silk, and wool, and for coloring wood, paper, etc., but is regularly exported to China, Japan, and Singapore. The Philippine indigo is second to none, possibly excepting that from Bengal, the most highly prized. The Coromandel or Madras product is not its equal. SAFFLOWER or ALAZOR ( Carthamnus tinctorius L.), a variety of saffron called biri in the Philippines, and used in the adulteration of that article. Its stamens produce 2 yellow colors soluble in water, and a third, red, soluble in alkalies and of greater value. BALANTI (Homalanthus populifolius R. Greh.) and CUMALON (Diospyros cunalon A. D. C.), 2 trees, the bark of which, dried and reduced to powder, furnishes a black coloring matter used by the natives. SALICSICAN (Morinda umbelleta L. and others), a species of wild bancuro, furnish roots from which the natives extract a red coloring matter. The bagolibás wood yields a dye of a tawny color. The prepared bark of the dayagao makes a mordant which imparts a fine luster and stability to cloth dyed black, yellow, or red, and belolo, dugna, and hagur are used by fishermen for dyeing and preserving their nets; color, dark brown. ANANAPLES (Albizzcaprocera Benth.), used in dyeing hides to be manufactured into whips, sole leather, and saddles. AGUISIP (Malestoma polyanthum Blum.) and BANCURO (Morinda tintoria Roxb); the bark of the former and the root of the latter yield bright-red coloring matter used in a difficult and delicate process of dyeing hemp cloth called "pinayusas." SIBUCAO RALTAR ( Casalpina supan L.), the trunk of which produces a red color- ing matter similar to campeachy or logwood, employed in dyeing cotton or wood. It is very abundant in the forests, and some varieties are found which produce a color more highly valuel than that of the Brazil woods. It grows naturally from the seeds which fall from the pod. Considerable amount of the dye is produced in the Philippines, and is an important article of export to China and England, being often used in place of cochineal. The Chinese employ it in dyeing silks, damasks, and other fabrics. BACAUAN (Rhizofora tinctoria L.), the chief tree of the impenetrable jungles of the mangrove swamps along the coast and near the mouths of rivers, the resort of mos- quitoes, aquatic birds, and amphibious animals. From the bark a reddish coloring matter is extracted. The wood is much used as firewood. ARROWROOT, a herbaceous plant, 3} ft. in height, having lanceolate leaves about 15 cm. (1=.3937 in.) in length. A long, horizontal, fleshy, white tuber, contains a considerable quantity of fecula. It is cultivated with success in all loose, fairly damp soils, being planted from buds placed separately in holes about 60 cm. apart, as the plant is very leafy. The crop can be collected in 6 or 7 months without further care. Buri (Corypha umbraculifera, L.), celebrated in all the archipelago, giving name to the island of Burias, where it is found in abundance, growing spontaneously. It belongs to the palm family, reaches a considerable height, and is very beautiful, the trunk being adorned with a fan-like bunch of leaves. To obtain the starch, the tree is cut down at the root and all of the interior part of the trunk is taken out and deposited while moist in casks or troughs, while some of the bitter substances are drained from it; it is now pounded with sticks or mallets, when the starch separates in the form of very fine grains; it is then collected and dried and made into flour, which furnishes an excellent, tasteful, and good food called sago, taking the place of rice as a food stuff in Burias, Masbate, and Bohol. Also see Buri alcoholic plants. CASSAVA, GUCCU, or CAMÓTING CÁHOY (Jatropha manihot, L.), a native plant of trop- ical countries of the family Euphorbidceæ notable for its roots, which contain an abundance of starchy fecula called “tapioca," whose food qualities are so well known. In order to utilize the root as food it is necessary to grate, wash, and press it considerably so as to express the juice. The material remaining is the flour or tap- ioca, which is white or yellowish white in color, sweetish in taste, and somewhat insipid. It is much valued in medicine on account of its digestibility, and is much used as food for infants and sick people. BAGSANG (Metroxylon rumphii, Mart.), a palm, very common in the Visayan Islands and very useful to the inhabitants, especially if there is lack of rice or other food stuffs. From the heart of the tree a sort of flour is obtained which is of great nutri- tive value. It is frequently made into cakes or fritters, and eaten with cocoanut milk. LUMBIA, or LUMBAY (Metrofylon silvestre, Mart.), a palm very similar to the preced- ing, but taller and larger and having wider and stronger leaves. A species of flour is obtained from the heart of this palm, which serves as a food stuff to the poorer classes, especially during times of famine. CÁUONG (Caryota ornusta, Bl.), a palm from whose trunk a species of sago is obtained. PAGAHAN, or BAUGA (Caryota ureus, L.), a palm containing a poisonous substance, but which furnishes a starch or kind of sago, of excellent quality and in good quan- tity. plais: being plantetäty of fecula." It long, horize The eropa, L.), celd in abuble height obtai om it very fine sent, tasteful, and Bo GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 75 Saccharine and alcoholic plants. Of the saccharine plants, the sugar cane is the most valuable, and of the alcoholic plants, the nipa or sasá, in order of importance as follows: SUGAR CANE (Sacharum officinarum, L.), one of the agricultual products of greatest importance. The sugar-producing provinces are Pampanga and Negros, and on a smaller scale Laguna, Bataan, Batangas, Iloilo, Cebú, Cavite, Pangasinan, Cápiz, Antique, and Mindanao. Not less than 20 varieties are known, the most excellent and cultivated being the Batavian, distinguished from the common variety by the violet color of its stalks and the larger number of joints and its greater size; the otaheite, taller and larger than the preceding, with a lemon-yellow stalk, and the creole, with a slender stalk and of yellowish white color. For a successful cultiva- tion of this plant the soil should be deep and of medium consistency, and preferably clayey loam or silicious, prepared by plowing three or four times, and finally by hoeing, leaving it perfectly soft and smooth. In the Philippines the cultivation of sugar cane is generally carried on with little care and intelligence. What is produced, however, finds a good and extensive market, thus constituting one of the chief articles of export. The principal markets are the United States, the United Kingdom, China, Japan, and Spain. Of the total amount of sugar produced in the Philippines, only a small part is consumed in the islands. During the last few years the shipments to foreign markets have averaged over 3,500,000 piculs (about 500,000,000 lbs.) a year, exceeding in importance all other exports except Manila hemp. NIPA, or Sasá (Nipa littoralis, Bl.), one of the most useful palms found in the Philippines. As a thatch it covers a great majority of the houses and other buildings in the islands; it forms the walls and partitions of the native houses. The sap, called tuba, is manufactured into wine, consumed to great extent by the natives. The plant grows only in muddy regions, or those which are liable to be overflowed, or the mouths of rivers which communicate with the sea. In order to obtain the tuba an incision is made in the peduncle immediately below the point of insertion of the fruit. From the incision flows a liquid which is collected in bamboo tubes or joints called bombones, which are hung conveniently on the plant. The tuba is afterwards distilled and then concentrated in stills, and although the loss of liquid is great there remains a considerable amount. This tuba, when much fermented, may be used as vinegar. SORGHUM (Sorghum saccharahum, Rers.), one of the family of grasses whose stalk yields as high as 17 per cent of prismatic sugar. At present in the Philippines it is used for forage. It is cultivated in sections where the cane does not flourish and has economic value for sugar and alcohol. COCOANUT; the tuba from the tree is cut before the flower is formed. A bamboo joint or bambone is attached for the collection of the liquid. A little of the powdered bark of the tongog (Rizophora longissima, Bl.) is placed in each bamboo to give strength and reddish color to the wine, which is collected daily by men in large bamboo joints. For convenience of the collectors bamboo walks are extended from tree to tree. BURI (Corypha umbraculifera, L.) produces the wine called “tuba.” Also see Buri dye and starch plants. CAMONA (Caryota onusta, Bl.) and PUGAHAN (Caryata urens, L.) furnishe a sweet liquor or tuba very popular among the natives. MAIZE, or INDIAN CORN (Zea mays, L.); the starch furnishes the pangasi of the Visayan Islands. Several families unite in its manufacture, usually resulting in considerable conviviality. Aromatic plants. The best known and most cultivated are tobacco, coffee, chocolate or cacao, nutmeg and mace, betel or itmo, cinnamon, and pepper. TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum, L.), in the Philippines is of great importance, as it constitutes a most prominent article for export and home consumption. Tobacco coming from the provinces of Isabela and Cagayán is considered the best. That from the Visayan Islands is less fine, more unequal in color, but of greater strength. That from Nueva Ecija is fine, but somewhat bitter and yellow. That from Unión, Ilocos, and the Igorrotes is of heavy body, broken, and frequently has but little combusti- bility. Although tobacco grows in almost all climates the product is more abundant and better in hot climates, the heat determining the aroma. The lands most suita- ble for its cultivation are of medium consistency and depth, cooled during the summer time, or sandy or silicious subsoil covered with loam, along river banks periodically overflowed, lands called in Spanish “vegas.' The preparation of the soil consists of three plowings at intervals of several days, and the completion of the process by grad- ing and leveling and the removal of all injurious weeds. The gathering of the leaves 76 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. begins when they turn yellowish, wrinkle somewhat, droop, and show more or less of a sticky juice. They are then classified according to size and quality, being left on the ground until dried. The tobacco is then tied in bundles, suspended by cords in the tobacco storehouses, protected from the sun, but exposed to ventilation on all sides by windows and doors, opened or closed according to circumstances. Tobacco, either manufactured or in leaf, constitutes a most prominent article of export. Over 100,000,000 cigars are exported annually from Manila, and sent chiefly to China and Japan, the East Indies, the United Kingdom, Spain, and Australasia. The ship- ments of leaf tobacco average about 200,000 quintals (20,400,000 lbs.), their principal market being Spain. COFFEE ( Coffea arabicu, L.), produced in Batangas, Laguna, Tayabas, and Cavite, in Luzón, and Cotabato and Misamis, in Mindanao. It grows stronger and more luxu- riantly in localities having both heat and moisture. The soil most suitable for it is light and moist, but not marshy, or reddish, somewhat sandy, or black soils without too much clay. The gathering is accomplished either by shaking, if the plant is high, or by hand picking if low. After gathering, the pericarpium is removed, and the berries placed in the sun. When thoroughly dried the husk is removed. The other operations to prepare coffee for the market are winnowing, to separate the inner husk and all dirt from the berry, and sorting into first and second grades. The pro- duction of coffee in the Philippines has fallen off on account of the destruction of the plants by an insect of the genus Xylotrechus and by a fungus of the genus Peronospora. The product compares with Mocha and Java or Martinique. The annual coffee crop of the Philippines formerly amounted to about 100,000 piculs (14,000,000 lbs.), valued at 2,000,000 pesos. CHOCOLATE ( Theobroma cacao, L.), a tree distinguished for its showy appearance and highly prized for its fruit. The seeds roasted give out a delightful aroma, and well ground and mixed with sugar and a little cinnamon form a nutritive, healthful, and agreeable food. They are brown, and somewhat larger than an almond. It is cultivated in various provinces of Luzon and Visayas, but flourishes best in S. Min- danao, especially in the district of Davao, where it is produced in large quantities and of excellent quality. The plant demands a warm climate and a considerable amount of moisture. The soil should be deep and light, black and reddish, somewhat sandy, with an abundant top soil of muck. The total quantity of cacao produced amounts to 2,000 piculs (280,000 lbs.), which is consumed at home in the manufacture of chocolate. NUTMEG and MACE (Myristica fragrano Houtt), an article of commerce indigenous to Cebu and Laguna, Luzón, and cultivated will grow in all parts of the island. The trunk is covered with a thin bark, blackish and slightly mottled from which, when incised, flows a reddish juice which coagulates on contact with the air. The fruit is about the size of a small pea, having a thick husk and a hard pit about as large as a small peach, inside of which is the nutmeg. This is surrounded by an aromatic rind or skin called mace. The beautiful flower is aromatic. From it is made a preserve noted for its fragrant odor. The tree attairs a height of 33 to 44 in. and begins to produce in 5 or 6 years. The crop is light at first. BETEL or ITMÓ (Piper betel, L.), a climbing plant cultivated very extensively in the Philippines. Near Manila, the town of Pasay, in Rizal, is famous for the excellence of its betel. The leaves are used in making the preparation known as “buyo." This preparation is composed of one of the leaves of this plant, a piece of lime the size of a pea, and a piece of bonga or betel nut. CINNAMON (Cinnamomum burmanni Blume.), a tree found in many of the islands, especially in Mindanao. In Zamboanga, Caraga, and the mountains of Misamis the varieties of cinnamon have stronger taste and fragrance than of Ceylon. The cinna- mon comes from the bark of the branches which have been stripped of their epi- dermis, and is an aromatic substance, having many uses. PEPPER (Piper nigrum, L.), a climbing plant, clinging to adjacent trees when cul- tivated, and bearing a berry; when dried, making black or white pepper. In the northern part of the islands the long pepper of British India can be cultivated. Medicinal plants. The Philippine flora embraces a large variety of plants of medicinal value among them: FOR DISEASES OF THE HEAD. BALOCANAD (Alewrites trisperma Bl.); the oil of the seeds, when rubbed into the scalp, kills all vermin. CASTOR OIL (Ricinus communis L.) or TANGAN TANGAN; very abundant; used principally to alleviate headaches, being applied on leaves to the forehead, causing GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 77 sweating and relief; mixed with the oil of sesame, it is applied to the stomach with good effect, and to the feet for dropsy. DACDAC; when the head is bathed with an infusion from the bark, headache disap- pears, as does the lethargy from which the patient suffers. FOR THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. BACAO; its bark, pulverized and mixed with water, furnishes a remedy for all kinds of intestinal parasites. BAHAY ( Adamanthera pavonina L.); its bean-like fruits or its root placed in cavities of teeth greatly relieve pain. CABCABAN (Polypodium guercinum L.) and the BALSAMINA or APALIA (Momordica balsamina L.) produce purgatives. MAISIPAISE (Clausena sp. Bun.); its leaves give an oil, useful for diseases of the stomach. PAETAN (Lunasia parvifolia Muell.); an antidote for fish poison; cures stomach dis- ease, and is a remedy for ulcerating sores. SALITBUBUT or PANDACAQUI (Taberna montana); an infusion of the root of this tree given as a drink improves the bowels and stomach in cases of distension, cold, and indigestion; is an excellent blood medicine, and is used with great benefit by women after parturition. SAMBONG (Blumeo balsamifera D. C.); a sage having medicinal properties, and as an infusion is much used in diseases of the stomach. TAGUYPASIN or ALOm; the leaves are of value in any chronic stomach disease due to inflammation, overloading, or cold, and also in reducing inflammation of the limbs, if used as an unguent. TANGULON (Quisqualis indiana L.); its seed, called “piñoncillo,” is an excellent vermifuge; may be eaten raw. FOR THE CIRCULATORY APPARATUS. CUMALIBGUIB, or HIMANGCORAN, or OTOB-OTOB; its root grated into an infusion cleans and cures ulcers or wounds; the pounded leaves of a clinbing plant in the Visayan Islands called "balangon" applied to the wound has the same effect. SIBUCAO or BRAZIL WOOD (Casalpinia sappan L.); an infusion of its juice causes the absorption of coagulated blood. FOR AFFECTIONS OF THE SENSES. HAULIG; a solution of its bark and leaves in water used as a wash is useful for treat- ing and preserving the eyes. TUCÚCAY; used for a remedy for deafness. FOR THE SKIN. ALOCLOC; its leaves crushed and applied to cutaneous tumors quickly bring them to a head and cause the removal of their contents. BAGO-BAGO; of the genus Garcinia, family Guttifera; powdered and placed over the fire, and applied hot to patient suffering from inflammation, quiets the nerves and relieves pain in the joints. BUSALAS; of medicinal virtue in cases of abscesses. CULASI (Lummitzera coccinea Wight and Arn.); its resin cures scab and itch. LAGNOTO (Diospyros multiflora Bl.); yields a resin which serves as a caustic. LORANTACEÆ; its wood will cause the pustules of smallpox to appear when they are slow in presenting themselves. MAMPOL, of the genus Loranthus of the family. Lorantacea has the same effect. PANHAUTOLON (Scavola koenigii Vahl.); an infusion made from its leaves and bark used as a lotion cures specific trouble and relieves the pain in the bones which accom- panies this disease. Pila; a root of the trailing plant “mangadlao" is used in wounds. SÁLAC; the root cures spots on the skin. SARSAPARILLA, of the genus Smilax aspera, called by the natives “banag," common along the rivers and coasts, from an infusion of its root makes a good remedy for those who suffer from specific ulcers. IN PARTURITION. ALACTAYO or TICALA; its leaves applied to the abdomen of a pregnant woman will bring on parturition. TARAJE ( Casuarina equisetifolia Foret.); an infusion of its leaves cures chlorosis. 78 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. FOR ANTIDOTES. BAGOSABAC; the bark of its root cures the bite of a poisonous animal or snake. MANUNGAL (Samadera indica Gaert.); a solution by boiling of this plant is one of the best antidotes for poisonous substances eaten. MARBAR (Cayutana); the oil and infusion cures stomach disorders. PALAGNIGON; an infusion of the bark is an antidote and febrifuge; also of the calasusi as a purgative or emetic. FOR FEBRIFUGES. DITA (Alstonia scholaris D. C.); when treated with acidulated water produces an alkaloid, ditain, which is employed in place of quinine for all kinds of fevers. TAMBALAGUISA or MANTALA (Sophora tomentosa L.); its fruit is a febrifuge having a very bitter taste; its seeds are used for certain malarial fevers. FOR DIURETICS. NANGUIN and LANGUINGUI; its leaves applied under the arms as a plaster, after being heated before the fire, cure muscular and nervous spasms. PALO-SANTO, or GUICOS-GUICOS, or HANNADAO, a leguminosa which is an excellent remedy for spasms and chills; an infusion of this plant expels injurious humors from the body, does away with obstructions, regulates the stomach, cures the specific trouble, and serves as a sudorific. POLOTAN or ULINGON; an infusion of its leaves and the juice of its bark serve as an excellent diuretic. FOR VARIOUS MEDICINAL PURPOSES. IGASUD or PEPITA DE SAN IGNACIO (Strychnos ignatii Berg.), a trailer which is only found in Visayas, principally near Catbalogan; the seeds of its fruit have various medicinal or antidote uses-stomachic, emetic, styptic, for paralytics, for women during parturition, for malarial fever, for rheumatism and indigestion, for contrac- tions of the nerves, and pains in the body; of all the trailing plants in the islands this is probably the most highly esteemed; the fruit is often as large as a pomegranate. PILIPOG; a bitter medicine, useful as a stomachic, an antidote, and a febrifuge. Resins. In the Philippines thrives a large family of resin-bearing trees. Those best known are- ANTONG or BREA NEGRA (Canarium pimela Kom.); for illumination. ARALIACEÆ, the LIMOLIMO (Heptapleurum caudatum Vid.), furnishes a resin used in making varnishes. BURSERACAE, ABILO (Garuga floribunda Decne.); used in medicine. Pili or BREA BLANCA (Canarium album Bl.); for calking ships. PAGSAINGIN ( Canarium cumingii Engd.); for the same purposes. CONIFERAL, GALAGALA or PIAYO (Agathis orantifolia Salisb.); for burning, lighting, and the manufacture of varnishes. DIPTEROCARPACÆ APITONG (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Bl.); for illumination. BALAO or MALAPAHO (Dipterocarpus velulinno Bl.); for calking. MAYAPAS (Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaert.); similar to the preceding, for the same purposes. DUAGLING (Dipterocarpus sp.); for illuminating purposes. Guijo (Shorea guiso Blumme); for the same purposes as the preceding, as does the Yaeal) Hopea plojata Vid.). LAUA LAUOAN (Anisopeters thurifera Bl.); for burning and the manufacturing of varnishes and for calking. PAUA (Dipterocarpus vermicifluus Bl.); for lighting. ENGSPHORBIACEÆ, ALIPATA (Excoecaria agallocha L.); a remedy for the bites of poisonous animals. BIRUNGA (Macaranga tanarius, Mull-Arg.); medicinal resin. TOGOCAM (Claoxylon wallichianum, Muell. Arg.); for illuminating and as a medicine. GUTTIFERA, BINUCAO (Garcinia sp.); used in medicine. LEGUMINOSÆ, ADYANGAO (Albizzia procera Benth.); used as incense. CATÚRAY (Sesbania grandiflora Pens.); having medicinal properties. CUPANG (Parkia roxburghii G. Don.); useful for illuminating purposes. COGONTOCO (Albizzia saponaria Blume.); for the same purpose as above mentioned. MELASTOMACEÆ, BOTA-BOTA (Melastonia oboolutum Jack.); for illuminating pur- poses and calking ships. RUTACEÆ, CAJEL (Citrus aurantium L.); for illuminating purposes. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 79 ndicus Willd.): DROMO (Acacia farmecinia Morella Derr.S. SAPINDACEÆ, BALINGHASAY (Buchanania florida Schan.); illuminating and calking ships. Ligás (Semecarpus perrottetii March.); yields an illuminating resin. URTICACEÆ, BREADFRUIT or ANTIPOLO ( Artocarpus incisa L.); a medicine and bird lime for catching birds. AMBLING (Artocarpus ovata Bl.); for making varnish. CAMANSI (Artocarpus camansi Bl.); a medicine and drier. NANGCÁ (Artocarpus integrifolia Linn.); for illuminating purposes. Gums or almacigas.- The names of almacigas resins, the most val- uable being found in the Calamianes, in Mindanao, especially Dávao, and in Ilocos. GUM RESINS.—The principal trees which produce gum resins are: ANACARDIACEÆ, Casoy, or BALÚBAD (Anacardium occidental L.); used in the manu- facture of varnish. APOCYNEÆ, DITA (Alstoria scholaris R. Br.); a medicinal gum resin. EUPHORBIACEÆ, a medicinal resin from the BIGABING (Macaranga mappa Mull. Arg.) and from the BUTA (excoecaria). GUTTIFERA, the PALOMARIA, or BITAO (Calophyllum sp.), BITANHOL (Calophylum wallichiana Planch.), GUTAGABY or TANGLANANAC (Garcinia Morella Derr.), GATASAN- PULA (Garcinia vernulosa Choisy), AROMO (Acacia farnesiana Willd.), NARRA ENCAR- NADA (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.), DUGOAN (Myristica sp.), BONGA (Areca catechu L.), LUCBÁN or NARANJO (Citrus decumana Murr.), BALETE (Ficus indica Bl.), and BAN- YÁn tree (Ficus sp.); produce gum resins used in medicines. The NOTAC (Pologium sp.) produces a gum resin used as a glue and for other industrial purposes. GUTTA-PERCHA; this valuable article of commerce and industry is found in consid- erable quantity in Mindanao, and produced from the trunk and branches of several trees of the genera Ficus and Palagium, called by the natives Solonot. A few years ago a considerable quantity of gutta-percha was exported to England, but on account of the many adulterations made by the Chinese merchants but little is now shipped. (See Forest products; gutta-percha and rubber.) VEGETABLE WAX; many plants produce a certain amount of an oily material sim- ilar to beeswax; is found sometimes as a deposit on the surface of leaves, fruit, or on the bark of the palm Ceroxylon andicola and the Myrica cerifera; the wax is obtained from the trees by scraping the bark; is found chiefly in Luzon, the Visayas, Cala- mianes, and Palawan. Essences or essential oils.-Among the numerous trees of econ- omic value in the Philippines are many varieties from which essences or essential oils may be extracted. Those only used in the present state of the industry in order of prominence are the YLANG-YLANG (ílang-ílang), a cultivated and wild tree, often attaining a height of 60 ft., botanically known as Cananga odorata (Hook) or Unona odoratissima (Bl.), belonging to the custard apple family, producing leaves 22 by 6 in. and drooping greenish-yellow flowers 3 in. long and of extraordinary fragrance, from which the celebrated attar of ylang-ylang, Cananga oil, or Oleum anona, is distilled. The mountain trees produce the best results. The essence is exported to France, Eng- land, Singapore, and China, the United States demand being small. SAMPAGUITA (Jasminum sambac L.), belonging to the family Oleaceæ, producing white flowers from which a highly prized perfume essence is extracted by distillation. CHAMPACA (Michelia champaca L.), a garden plant belonging to the family Mag- noliaceæ, attaining a conical-shaped height of 13 ft. The flowers, about 1 in. in length, are very fragrant, and produce by distillation a well-known essence. Vegetables.The soil, on account of the tropical climate, produces a rich variety of vegetables, with little care on the part of human labor. Under the name of vegetables are included the legumes which serve as food, those the tubers of which are edible, those roots which are edible, and the garden plants. A list of the most important is given in the following: BAIDANG, cultivated chiefly in the Visayas, has the same uses as the gabe. BUTINGUI (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the true kidney bean, which is found in consid- erable variety in the garden. Other legumes which are highly prized by the natives are the ZABACHE (Phaseolus lunatus L.), the PATANI (Phaseolus inamomus L.), and the kane the best results. The essence, ountain trees, pand China, the 125, belonging moll 80 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. FRIJOL (Phaseolus caracallu L.) and FRIJOL (Phaseolus tankimensis Lour.), a vegetable of Abra highly prized by the natives. CALABAZA (Cucurbita sulcata), a variety of squash which the natives term “Cala- básang bilog” (bilog meaning round), of green color, and used for stew; extensively cultivated. CAMOTE (Ipomoea batatas Lamk.), the well-known sweet potato. Its cultivation is greatly favored by mountain races. The plant grows in 5 or 6 months, extending its shoots in all directions, completely covering the ground with its abundant leaves, which are likewise edible. When the ground is given over to the exclusive cultiva- tion of this plant it is allowed to take root in all directions, and as the roots extend and grow the tubers continually, they may be dug up for use at any time of the year. When its cultivation alternates with that of rice or corn, it is necessary to plant anew each year, the product usually being of greater value than in the previous years. The skin and the edible part take different colors-white, yellow, or violet. It is used as food, either boiled or roasted, and also made into preserves and sweetmeats. CONDOL (Cucurbita aspera), a variety of squash which is oval in shape and very suitable for making sweets. GABE (Colocasia esculenta Schott), introduced from Asia, is now extensively culti- vated in almost all the islands, especially in the mountain regions. Its large roots and young leaves make an excellent food for the natives. The roots are also suitable for sweets. There are three principal varieties. The best known is the Variegata. GARDEN PLANTS.- Although the natives do not care much for the cultivation of these plants, gardens are found near the large centers of population, generally culti. vated by Chinese, the products being used by Europeans. Among the vegetables cultivated are the onion, garlic, asparagus, radish, cabbage, artichoke, lettuce, endive, pepper, tomato, carrot, celery, parsley, and the haras (Anethum foeniculum), a native plant whose fruit contains seeds having a sweet flavor similar to anise. MILONDAGÁ (Cucumis luzonicus), meaning a melon of the size of a mouse, with a flavor similar to the cucumber. Mongo (Phaseolus mungo Bl.), smaller than the lentil, but of the same flavor, cul- tivated on a large scale, as it is the principal food of many towns. NAMI-CONOT (D. peataphylla L.), same genus and uses as the ube. PACUAN or SANDIA, a variety of watermelon. PAQUIT (D. divaricata L.), same uses as the ube (see). PATANI (Phaseolus inamomus L.), highly prized by the natives. PATOLA (Cucumis acutangulus), a variety of cucumber, large and long in size, of a sweetish flavor and agreeable odor, eaten green or boiled. PEPINO, a cucumber eaten boiled or pickled, and also served as salad. POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.); in the Philippine archipelago this valuable tuber is cultivated with success in certain elevated localities, such as the mountains of Benguet, but the tubers produced are small. The annual production of potato amounts to 700,000 piculs (98,000,000 lbs..). POTATO, sweet, see Camote. SANDIA or PACUAN, a variety of watermelon much prized. Sirao (Phaseolus caracalla L.), a leguminous plant producing a vegetable about 1 ft. SQUASH, several varieties. TABACOG (Cucumis melo), the true melon, although possessing a delightful aroma, never reaches the flavor of those of Europe. Tongo (D. papillaris L.), same genus and uses as the ube. TABAYAG (Lagenarie vulgaris), a variety of squash, the meat of which is soft and smooth to the touch. TUQUE (D. sativa L.), same genus as ube, highly prized and extensively cultivated. UBE (Dioscorea alata); the rhizome makes a healthy food of a sweet taste. It is somewhat sour when raw, but is rendered sweet and nutritious by boiling. Its cul- tivation is simple, similar to that of the potato. It is necessary to carefully prepare this tuber and its analogous varieties for eating; when not done, they are poisonous. The best variety is called the Cebú ube, although it comes from Bohol, which makes a most delicious jelly, highly and universally prized. Various species of the same genus grow spontaneously or are cultivated for their edible roots, which attain enormous size. Cultivated like the potato. WATERMELON grows extensively in all parts of the archipelago, the best coming from Rizal. ZABACHE (Phaseolus lunatus L.), greatly prized. There are also some species of the genera Dolichos Vigra Pachyrhizus and Pro- phocarpus, which produce vegetables or edible seeds, but less esteemed than the genus Phaseolus. ucutanqulus dor, eaten green and also served as this valuable tuber long. f those of Europe uses as the ube.cot of which is A NATIVE PLOW. PLOWING A FIELD FOR RICE. HARROWING A FIELD FOR RICE. PLANTING RICE. REAPING RICE. HARVESTING RICE. STACKING RICE. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 81 FLORA. The flora of the Philippine Islands in general is tropical. In Min- danao and the Sulu Archipelago it is equatorial, the indigenous growth of the durian (Durio zibethinus) and the mangosteen (Garcinia man- gostana), both plants near the equator being common. From those islands the tropical forms of vegetation lessen until the parallel of Manila, where the two floras have their dividing line. To the N. is found the pine and the vegetation of the subtropical belt, and to the S. the tropical families of Myrtaceæ, Lauraceæ, Orchidaceæ, etc. There are notable differences in the vegetation on the Pacific and China seacoasts. In the former the rains are more copious, while the latter, covered with compact mountain ranges, has a more limited agricultural zone. Here are forests containing an abundance of ferns, orchids, palms, aroids, and Melastomaceæ, and although the fir tree is not found, others, such as the almaciga (Agathis loranthifolia), various species of Podocarpus, and the agojos (Casuarina equisetifolia), grow luxuriantly. So, too, where the hand of man has not interfered with nature, two kinds of vegetation are seen; either the land is covered with extensive forests or with grass of various species, the greater part belonging to the genera Saccharum, Anthistiria, and Imperata. A study of the distribution of species in relation to various latitudes and altitudes shows the Philippine flora analogous to that of Sumatra and different from that of Java, there being a less number of species here than in Sumatra. Also identical species are less abundant on the Pacific coast than on the coast of the China Sea. Accepting the classi- fication forest flora and agricultural flora, the first is divided as follows: Mangrove swamp, vegetation along the seashore. Vegetation in the lowlands of less than 700 ft. altitude. Vegetation of the zone between 700 and 3,300 ft. elevation. Vegetation of the mountain zone between 3,300 and 6,000 ft. Vegetation of the higher mountain zone between 6,000 and 10,000 ft. The second class is made up of various cultivated plants of commer- cial or other uses. Pasturage.--The pastoral pursuits are also extensive. The carabao, or water buffalo, is the most useful animal in the Philippines, and is numerously raised in all the provinces where the peculiar conditions of marsh land and rivers are found. The Philippine animal is larger than the ox, more powerful and less docile. Coming originally from India, it is now common to all the warm latitudes of the Eastern Hemisphere. In the Philippines it is used in draft, carriage, and tillage. The female gives more milk than a cow, from which "ghee,” a kind of butter, is made. The hide is almost hairless and very tough, making a valuable leather. The flesh is not very palatable. Horses, cattle, hogs, fowls, and other large and small animals, including sheep, are raised. MINERALS. The mineral resources of the archipelago are sufficiently known to indicate their value as commercial products, but to what extent scien- tific exploration and exploitation will determine. It is claimed that black lignite, the coal of the archipelago, is, so far as now known, the S. Doc. 280— 6* 82 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. most valuable mineral asset of the Philippines, and is found in many of the islands from the Luzón peninsula S. through the Visayas to Mindanao. From a mineralogical standpoint, the best authorities are the Spanish mining bureau, the researches of Ashburner, and technical publica- tions of Semper, Santos, Roth, Drasche, and Abella and others; also the travels of Comyns, Jägor, Worcester, and others. The use of gold in exchange and adornment and copper for utensils was common among the natives upon the first landing of the Spaniards. The mining of metals was never systematically encouraged by the new occupants of the islands. The native methods were, and still are, con- fined to placer gold washings, their methods of working quartz being primitive and unsatisfactory. Foreign enterprise has invariably been attended by failure, owing to revolutions, burdensome laws and regu- lations, scarcity of skilled labor, and impracticable expenditure of working capital. Since American occupation miners and prospectors have often pre- ceded the troops. The mining bureau at Manila, by direct report through the miner or prospector himself or officers of the army who have come upon these pioneers, has reports from almost every island. In a majority of cases samples and specimens have been furnished to indicate that the mining industry in the Philippines will meet every expectation. Through these sources the fact has been established to the satisfaction of the bureau that gold, copper, lead, iron, coal, sul- phur, granite, marble, petroleum, and other metallic and nonmetallic minerals exist in paying quantities. The influence of the miner and prospector is making itself felt, repeating the experiences of the pio- neer days of the mineral-producing American States of the West. Mineral Products. The following are the metallic and nonmetallic minerals of the archipelago: ANTIMONY.—The sulphide (stibnite) is reported at Paracale, in Camarines, and Zambales, Luzon. It does not appear whether in either case the mineral is suf- ficiently abundant to be regarded as an ore deposit. ASPHALT is reported in Luzon in Ambos-Camarines, between Lake Buhi and Bató, as well as in Mindanao at Hinatúan, in Surigao. CLAYS of Los Baños (Laguna) and of Maunrigao (Surigao, Mindanao) are compar- able with the best Chinese and Japanese kaolins. It would be easy to import expert potters from those countries. (See also Kaolin.) COAL of the Philippine Islands is of Tertiary age, and a highly carbonized lignite, analogous to Japanese and Washington, but not to the Welsh or Pennsylvania coals. The native coal might supplant English or Australian coal for most purposes. Lig- nite is widely distributed in the archipelago; some of the seams of excellent width, and the quality of certain of them high for fuel of this class. Coal exists in various provinces of Luzon (Abra, Albay, Ambos-Camarines, Sorsogón). The finest beds thus far discovered are in the small island of Batán, E. of Albay, Luzon. The seams vary from 2 ft. 6 in. to 14 ft. 8 in. in thickness. The mean of 7 analyses gives the following composition: Analysis of coal from Batán, Albay Province, Luzón. Constituent. Per cent. Water ....... Volatile matter. Fixed carbon...... Ash............. 13.52 37.46 44.46 4.56 Total...... 100.00 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 83 Mindoro are merara. This them The depos One pound of this coal will convert 6.25 lbs. of water at 40° C. into steam at 100° C. The heating effect is about three-fourths that of Cardiff coal. The same beds exist in the adjacent islands—Cacráray and Rapu-Rapu. Concessions for coal min- ing have also been granted on the main island of Luzon, S. of Batán, at the town of Bacon. The coal field of southern Luzon is said to extend across the Strait of San Bernardino into the N. portion of Sámar. Here coal is reported at half a dozen localities. In Mindoro are large deposits in the extreme S. portion (Bulacao), and on the adjacent island of Semerara. This fuel is said to be similar to that of Batán. The islands of Masbate and Panay contain coal. The deposits thus far discovered are not reported of much importance. Specimens from the SW. portion of Leyte, ana- lyzed in the laboratory of the Inspección de Minas, are of remarkably high quality, but nothing definite about the deposit is known. The first discovery of coal in the archipelago was made in the island of Cebú in 1827. Since then lignite beds have been found on the island at many points. The most important croppings are on the E. slope, within some 15 or 20 m. of the capi- tal, Cebú. A considerable amount of coal has been extracted, but the industry has not been profitable, in part due to crude methods of transportation. The seams are often þadly faulted. At Úling, about 10 m. W. of the capital, the seams reach a maximum thickness of 158 ft. Ten analyses of Cebú coal indicate a fuel with about two-thirds the calorific effect of Cardiff coal, and with only about 4 per cent ash. On the island of Negros, nearly parallel with Cebú, are known deposits of coal at Calatrava on the E. coast, it is believed of important extent. In Mindanao coal is known to occur at 8 different localities, but no detailed examinations have been made. Seven of these localities are on the E. coast and the adjacent small islands. They indicate the presence of lignite from one end of the coast to the other. The eighth locality is Zamboanga. For details of the Coal Measures of the Philippines, see report to United States military · governor in the Philippines, by Charles H. Burritt, first lieutenant, Eleventh Cavalry, U.S. V., officer in charge of mining bureau, Division of Insular Affairs, August, 1901. COPPER is reported from a great number of localities: Luzón (Lepanto, Benguet, and Ambos Camarines), Mindoro, Capul, Masbate, Panay (province of Antique), and Mindanao (province of Surigao). Mindanao, practically unexplored, is full of possibilities. Northern Luzon contains a copper region which is unquestionably valuable. The best-known portion of this region lies about Mount Data, a peak given as 8,333 ft. (2,500 meters) in height. The range trends due N. to Cape Lacay Lacay. Data itself lies in Lepanto. In this range copper ore was smelted by the natives before Magellan discovered the Philippines. The process is complicated, based on the same principles as the method of smelting sulphosalts of this metal in Europe and America, consisting in alternate partial roasting and reduction to "matte" and eventually to black copper. The process must have been introduced from China or Japan and practiced only by the Igorrotes, who are remarkable in many ways. Vague reports and the routes by which copper smelted by natives comes to market indicate that there are copper mines in various portions of the Cordillera Central, but the only deposits which have been examined with any care are those at Man- cayán (about 5 m. W. of Mount Data) and 2 or 3 other localities within a few miles of Mancayán. The deposits of Mancayán are described as veins of rich ore, reach- ing 7 meters (23 ft.) in width and arranged in groups. Mean assays are said to show over 16 per cent of copper, mainly as tetrahedrite and allied ores. The gangue is quartz. The country rock is described as a large quartzite lens embedded in a great mass of trachyte. An attempt has been made by white men to work these deposits, but with no considerable success. The failure does not seem to have been due to the quality or quantity of ore found. Gas is said to exist in the Cebú coal fields. It is also reported from the island of Panay. GOLD is found at a vast number of localities in the archipelago from N. Luzon to central Mindanao, in most cases detrital, and found either in existing water courses or in stream deposits now deserted by the current. These last are called "aluviones" by the Spaniards. In Mindanao some of the gravels are in an elevated position and adapted to hydraulic mining. The placers are washed by natives, largely with cocoanut shells for pans, though the batea is also in use. In Abra are placers. The gravel of the river Abra is also auriferous. In Lepanto are gold veins as well as gravels, close to the copper mines. In Benguet the gravels of the river Agno carry gold. There is also gold in the provinces of Bontoc and in Nueva Ecija. The most important of the auriferous provinces is Ambos Camarines (Norte). Here the town- ships of Mambulao, Paracale, and Labo are especially well known as gold-producing localities. Mr. Drasche, a German geologist, says that there were 700 natives at work on the rich quartz veins of this place at the time of his visit, about 25 years ago. At Paracale are parallel quartz veins in granite, one of which is 20 ft. in width and contains a chute in which the ore is said to assay 38 ozs. of gold to the ton. Europe and Apto black copper, the Igorrotes, who tare by native desenlao sone place is al in Le 84 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. portant tric tons of old Many other localities in this province have been worked by the natives. The islands of Mindoro, Catanduanes, Sibuyán, Sámar, Panay, Cebú, and Bohol are reported to contain gold, but no exact data are accessible. At the S. end of the small island of Panaón, S. of Leyte, are gold-quartz veins, one of which has been worked to some extent. It is 6 ft. in thickness and has yielded from $6 to $7 per ton. In Mindanao are 2 known gold-bearing districts. One of these is in Surigao, where Placer and other townships show gravels and veins; the other is in Misamis. Near the settlement of Iponan, on the Gulf of Macajalar, are reported many square kilo- meters of gravels carrying large quantities of gold, with which is associated platinum. The product of this district was estimated some years ago at 150 ozs. per month, all extracted by natives with bateas, or cocoanut-shell dishes. GYPSUM; this mineral is plentiful in the E. part of the central range of Luzón. IRON is abundant in Luzon, Cebu, Panay, and doubtless in other islands. In Luzon it is found in Laguna, Pampanga, and Ambos Camarines, but principally in Bulacán. The finest deposits are in the last-named province, near a small settlement named Camachín, which lies in lat. 15° 7' and lon. 121° 12' E. approx. A small industry exists here, wrought iron being produced in a sort of bloomery and manufactured into plowshares. The process has not been described in detail. It would appear that charcoal pig iron might be produced to some advantage in this region. The lignites of the archipelago are probably unsuitable for iron-blast furnaces. KAOLIN; concessions exist for mining kaolin at Los Baños, in Leguna, Luzón. (See also Clays.) LEAD and SILVER; in a mine partially developed near the town of Cebú, on the island of the same name. The most important deposit of argentiferous galena is at Torrijos, on the island of Marinduque. A metric ton, or 1,000 ks., is reported to contain 96 grams of silver, 6 grams of gold, and 565.5 ks. of lead. In Ambos Cama- rines, Luzón, lead ores occur, but are worked only for the gold. LITHOGRAPHIC STONE is found at San Mateo, Rizal, Luzón. Should this turn out to be of good quality and in large blocks, the deposit would be a treasure. MARBLE of fine quality occurs on the small island of Romblon, and is much employed in churches in Manila for baptismal fonts and other purposes. Marbles are also quarried at Montalbán and at Binangonan, in Rizal (Mórong), Luzón. MERCURY is reported in Panay and Leyte. (See Quicksilver.) NITER is found in the caves at several points in the Philippines, very probably originating in the dung of bats and other animals. It was collected by the insurgents for the manufacture of gunpowder. Among the localities where it is known are the small islands of Masa pílit and the town of Placer, in Mindanao. OCHERS; these nonmetallic substances, in many cases, are mistaken for impure cin- nabar. It wlll require scientific investigation to determine their character in the Philippines. OIL; on Panay, oil is reported at Janíuay, in Iloilo. (See also Petroleum.) OPAL; this nonmetallic mineral occurs in Binangonan, Rizal (Mórong), Luzon, and at Catbalogan, Sámar, and is very common in volcanic regions, but the valuable variety, fire opal, is rare. (See Precious stones.) PLATINUM is reported in several parts of Mindanao. The finding of this valuable mineral, the supply of which to the commerce of the world is now practically con- fined to Russia, will prove a valuable acquisition to the mineral products of the posses- sions of the United States. (See Gold, Mindanao.) PEARLS; pearl fisheries exist in the Sulu Archipelago and form an important source of wealth. "The “round pearls" of Siasi and nearby waters are the finest in the world. PETROLEUM; in the island of Cebú petroleum is found associated with coal at Toledo, on the W. coast. It is also reported from Asturias, to the N. of Toledo, on the same coast, and from Algeria to the S. Natural gas is said to exist in the Cebú coal fields. Oil is reported at Janíuay in Iloilo, Panay, and gas is reported from the same island. Petroleum highly charged with paraffin is also found on Leyte at a point about 4 m. from Villaba, a town on the W. coast. PRECIOUS STONES have occupied but little attention. Their existence in several varieties is reported. The presence of the opal is established. QUICKSILVER; the rumors of the occurrence of this metal in Panay and Leyte have failed of verification. Accidental losses of the metal by prospectors or surveyors sometimes lead to reports of the discovery of deposits... Salt; deposits of rock salt occur in Mount Blanco and Bambán (Nueva Ecija), in Calamba (Laguna), and in Placer (Surigao, Mindanao). As might be supposed, the natives extract much of their salt from the sea water. SERPENTINE is found in Santa Cruz, Zambales, and the same mineral is widely dis- tributed in the islands. SILVER. (See Lead.) GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 85 SULPHUR deposits abound about the numerous active and extinct volcanoes in the Philippines. In Luzon, the principal sulphur deposits are at Daclán, in Benguet, and at Colasi, in Ambos Camarines. The finest deposits in the archipelago are said to be on the little island of Biliran, which lies to the NW. of Leyte. ZINC, both as the sulphide and as a silicate, exists at Paracale, seemingly in con- nection with lead ores and gold. Information would point to the conclusion that the zinc ores are to be regarded rather as metallic gangue minerals, than as separate deposits. Mineral-bearing islands and their resources. Islands. Latitude (north end). Character of mineral resources. 19 Do. Batán. Biliran. Bohol. Catanduanes Cacráray .. Cebú. Leyte... Luzón ...... Marinduque. . Masbate.. Mindanao .... Mindoro..... Negros ... Panaón........ Panay...... Rapu-Rapu Romblon. Sámar... Semerara... Sibuyán... Sulu Archipelago... BHSHSH1BBB3BnwnSBB必6 Coal. Sulphur. Gold. 14 8 13 21 Coal. Coal, oil, gas, gold, lead, silver, iron. 11 35 Coal, oil, mercury (?). Coal, gold, copper, lead, iron, sulphur, marble, kaolin, 13 34 Lead, silver. Coal, copper. Coal, gold, copper, platinum. Coal, gold, copper, Coal. Gold Coal, oil, gas, gold, copper, iron, mercury (?). Coal. 37 Marble. 12 36 Coal, gold. 127 Coal. 30 Gold. 30 Pearls. Du a l ............. FORESTS. The forest wealth of the archipelago is enormous in variety, quality, and quantity. A classification, based on existing law and amendments prescribing the tariff on state timber and regulations for the utilization of forest products in the public forests of the Philippine Islands, shows 6 groups of woods: (1) Superior group, with 12 species, including the valuable ípil and molave, both woods of export; (2) first group, 17 species, including camphor, betis, malatapay, and palo maría; (3) second group,48 species, including alalangat and banuyo;(4) third group, 75 spe- cies, including abilo, balodo, calumpit, dao, labató, manga, pipi; (5) fourth group, 200 species; (6) fifth group, 13 species and 20 varieties of palm, including the valuable areca, orania, bonga, caryota. This classified list shows 665 species of timber indigenous to the archipelago, and includes, approximately, the most valuable woods of economic or com- mercial value. The forest products, besides the woods useful for house and ship building, cabinetwork, and other economic and artistic purposes, comprise a large variety of gum-producing trees and medici- nal and dye plants, already mentioned. The hardwoods of the Philip- pines will come into considerable use in the United States. It is quoted in technical journals that Philippine mahogany can be delivered in the United States at about one-half the cost of the South American wood. The forests, one of the leading sources of the natural wealth of the Philippine Islands, were taken in charge by a forestry bureau, origi- nally created by G. O., No. 50, series 1900, and organized April 14, 1900, and reorganized under acts of June and July, 1901. The field force comprises a chief, assistant foresters, inspectors, special agent, 86 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. assistant inspectors, assistant foresters, first-class rangers, and second- class rangers. Forestry stations have been established in parts of the archipelago where the extent and value of the forests warrant. In the markets of Manila 160 varieties of native trees are received; in Min- danao 423 varieties of woods are known. The gutta-percha, rubber, and other gum trees exist in Mindanao and the Sulu group. Licenses to extract forest products from forest lands are issued by the bureau for 1 year, the licensee paying the prescribed valuation on each cubic foot of wood cut, or if other forest products, 10 per cent of the market price in Manila. During the fiscal year 1900–1901 licenses were granted in 25 provinces in Luzon and 28 in other islands. To that date the number issued was 699, viz: Timber, 424; firewood, 192; rubber and other gums, 38; dyewood, 12; gratuitous, 33. Owners of private woodlands must register their titles in the forestry bureau. Eighty- six tracts owned by Europeans and natives thus registered aggregated (1901) 207,159 acres, of which 130,000 acres were in Luzon. The products for the fiscal year 1900-1901 were 146,272 cub. ft. of timber, 24,899 cub. m. of firewood, and 6,140 cub. m. of charcoa The government tax paid into the internal-revenue office on forest products from public lands July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901, amounted to $199,372.61 on 2,469,930 cub. ft. of timber (29,639,160 B. M.), and 1,955,561 cub. ft. of firewood. About $5,000 were received on rubber, gums (gums mastic), brea, etc., and $1,440 on bark, dyewoods and charcoal. The cost of running the bureau was 21 per cent of the receipts. Under Spanish rule the figure was 75 per cent of receipts. The price of timber in the log at the end of the first haul is from 30 to 70 cents per cub. ft. Wood prices in Manila are quoted: Superior and firs group, $1 50 to $2.50 per cub. ft., or $5 to $6 Mexican per same for extra sizes of special grades. The government valuation on timber is about 5 per cent of the current market price. The demand for Philippine timber in the archipelago and China is much greater than the supply that is being taken out. The finest varieties of fine hardwoods for cabinet and furniture work are expected to find an early market in the United States. The total number of known native tree species is 665, which it is expected will approximate 1,000. Upward of 100 varieties of native Philippine woods were selected, polished, and labeled for exhibition at the fur- niture makers' convention at Grand Rapids, Mich., and to the Pan- American Exposition at Buffalo in 1901. It is expected that these woods can be placed in successful competition with the best woods from Central and South America. The imports of cabinet woods into the United States during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1901, amounted to Mahogany, free...... M. feet.. 32, 281 dollars.. 1,752, 612 All other, free. In July, 1901, a cable from the Secretary of War suspended the granting of forestry licenses; suspension since removed. Much of the best timber is inaccessible on account of the absence of roads. The majority of native timbers will not float, therefore bamboo rafts are used. Bamboo finds a ready sale in all the markets. In the 665 native trees known are 11 species of oak, true ebony, teak, camagón, an abundance of narra (Philippine mahogany), tíndalo, calantás, cedar, and other woods suitable for veneering and the most expensive cabi- ...do.... 1, 240, 737 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 87 network. There are 50 species of trees from which rubber, gutta- percha, and other gums are extracted. A scientific exploitation of the 50,000,000 acres of public forest land is in progress. Prior to the passage of the Army appropriation bill, under a pro- vision of which the military control of the Philippines was specifically defined for temporary purposes, the exploitation of the f carried on under G. O. of the military governor, No. 92, series (June 27) 1900, which divided the timber of the island into six classes. There was no charge for licenses, but a tax per cubic foot was imposed according to class of timber cut, and paid to the government, which was a continuation of the Spanish system with an increase of price. Forestry officials were on duty October 15, 1901 in the provinces of Cagayán, Pampanga, Iloílo, Unión, Albay, Zambales, Tayabas, Bataan, Tárlac, Ilocos Norte and Sur, Ambos Camarines, Pangasinan, Bulacán, Leyte, Rizal, Batangas, Negros Oriental, Negros Occidental, Cápiz, Antique, Masbate, Romblon, Cavite, in the districts of Zamboanga and Cotabato in the island of Mindanao, and at Sulu. In Zamboanga (Mindanao) a forestry official collected and returned in 3 months wood and leaves of 423 species. The forestry bureau from its own sources raised the known numbers of tree species in the Philippine Islands from 300 to 665. Gutta-percha.-An investigation showed that gutta-percha, the most valuable of forest products, was exported in large quantities from Cotabato and Zamboanga (Mindanao) to Singapore via Sulu without the payment of charges, which led to the prohibition of clearance of vessels carrying forestry products which had not paid charges. (Act No. 165, 1901, P. C.) The imports at the port of Singapore of gutta- percha for 1900 from the Philippine Islands were 2321 piculs. Total for all countries 74,0664 picals, $5,090,001 value. The Philippine figures are not regarded as representative. United States Army officers report vessels carrying gutta-percha as clearing for Sandakan, British N. Borneo, which does not appear in Singapore figures. The price of the best quality in the market with 78 per cent gutta (the per cent of gutta in the best commercial being 85 to 90) was, 1901, $260 per picul (133} lbs.); 1891, $85. The physical conditions in the S. islands of the Philippines are peculiarly adapted to this valuable cul- ture. The tree attains a height of 50 to 60 ft. and diameter of 14 to 2 ft. Age, 20 years; maturity, 30 years. In Java trees fruit at 8 years and at 15 have a diameter of 18 ft. The propagation and growth of the gutta-percha tree is now occu- pying a large share of time and expenditure by the colonial govern- ments of Holland, Great Britain, France, and Germany. The first two own the entire present producing gutta-percha area in Asia, and have established experimental and propagating gardens. Rubber.--The cost of planting rubber seeds on land cleared of coffee plants or left growing is $2 per acre. The first good yield is 6 years. To plant twice the number of trees needed per acre and cutting one- half at the end of the third year gives returns for expenses to date. The planter's return is quoted at $150 to $200 per acre. The rubber crop at present prices, 1901, is quoted at 94 cts. per pound in London. This does not include rubber-vine culture. The giant rubber vine and several other indigenous varieties have been found in large quantities in several of the Philippine islands. These islands are credited with exportation of 36 piculs of “Borneo” 88 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. use and shred spots. d; light red rubber (from vines) during 1900, which establishes the existence of the plant. A Ceara rubber tree planted in Manila in 1 year reached a height of 21 ft. There are also several varieties of trees producing the sap out of which gutta-percha is made. Dammar and gum mastic are found in quantities in the southern islands. Teak, one of the most valuable of shipbuilding woods, is also abundant. Philippine woods. The following is a list of Philippine woods of economic value: ACLANG-PARANG (Albizzia sp.); medium weight, dark ash color. ACLE (Mimosa acle Bl.); gives logs up to 32 ft. long by 28 in. square; dark, dull red; strong, tenacious, durable, and takes a good polish; much used for house con- struction and shipbuilding; an excellent charcoal. ALAGAO (Premna sp.); heavy; ashy color. ALAHAN (Diospyros sp.); heavy; ashy color. ALMACIGA or ANTANG (Dipterocarpus sp.); light, ashy color; gives a valuable gum. ALINTATAO (Diospyros philippinensis F. Vill.); dark, hard, wood, like ebony. ALUPAY or LECHEAS; heavy, dark gray color. AMUGUÍS (Cyrtocarpa quinquestila Bl.); hard; light red or flesh colored, and some- times marked with lead-colored spots, with numerous pores of moderate size; is employed in house and ship building; subject to the attacks of white ants, called "Anay." AMUYONG (Melodorum fulgens); light, straw-colored wood. ANAGAP; 60 ft. high; logs 18 ft. long by 16 in. square; grayish yellow, of fine grain and somewhat brittle; used for furniture and house trimmings. ANOSEP or ANUSEP; brownish or ashy red color and fine grain, with small pores, but somewhat fibrous; used for building. ANTIPOLO (Artocarpus incisa L.); large size, grayish yellow to canary yellow and even dark red, sometimes marked with numerous white spots; used for outside planking and keels of vessels, and somewhat for cabinet work. ANUBING or ANUBIONG, or ANUBÍN (Artocarpus ovata); moderate size; brownish yel- low to dark red; of fine texture, with small pores; used for rafters in the native dwellings. APITÓN (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Bl.); very large size; light or dark greenish gray, with lighter or even white spots; logs up to 70 ft. long by 24 in. square; serves for furniture and general joiner's purposes. ARANGA (Homalium sp.); very large size; logs up to 75 ft. long by 24 in. square; red- dish color, with violet stripes; valuable for sea piling and shipbuilding. ASAC-TALÒN; heavy wood of dark red color. BACAUAN (Bruguiera caryophilloydes Blum.); heavy weight; dark red color. BAGARILAO (Nauclea sp.); light wood, dark red color. BAHAY (Lepidopetalum perrottetii Blum.); medium weight; straw colored. BALACAT (Zyzyphus sp.); light straw colored; medium weight. BÁLAO, MALAPAHO OR PANAO (Dipterocarpus vernicifluus B. L.); medium to large size; yellowish white or light greenish gray, sometimes with tints of light rose and yellowish red; used for house building, and somewhat for ship construction; its resinous gum, fluid and odorous, is employed for varnishing furniture, picture frames, and floors of rooms. BALAYOHOD; dark grayish; medium weight. BALIBAGO (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.); light white wood. BATITINAN (Lagerstroemia batitinan); first-class wood; large size; logs up to 40 ft. long by 18 in. square; ashy red to intense olive-brown color; strong, tough, and elastic; used for ships, planking above water, and for furniture, being much stronger than the teak and advantageously replacing it. BANABÁ (Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers.); 30 to 50 ft. high; reddish white to dull red; used for ship and house construction, preferably the red variety; is strong and resists the elements well. BANATANHISAN; heavy wood of light-brown color. BANGCAL or BANCAL (Sarcocephalus cordatus Mig., Nauclea glaberrima D. C.); large size, logs up to 24 ft. long by 16 in. square; golden-yellow color or greenish yellow; used in house building and in general joiner's work, but principally for the construction of small canoes. BANI; light white wood. ip anda speciosa Pers.).Seously replacing itor furniture, being, and GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, 89 BANNIN; heavy white wood. BANSALAGUI (Mimusops elengi); first-class wood for its strength, elasticity, and dura- bility; logs up to 40 ft. long by 18 in. square; reddish white with ashy spots or uniform bright red; used in shipbuilding, suited for making tool handles and adapted to turning. BANSIO; whitish wood; medium weight. BANTIQUI; heavy, fine-grained wood. BANUYO (Dipterocarpus sp.); straw colored, medium weight. BARÚSANG; heavy grayish yellow. BATICULING or BATICULÍN (Milingtonia quadripinnata Bl.); yellowish white or green- ish white; easy to work, takes a good polish, and employed for joiners' work. BATINO (Dipterocarpus sp.); straw colored, medium weight. BAYUCAN (Dipterocarpus sp.); heavy wood, similar in appearance to maple. BETIS (Azaola betis Bl.); logs up to 65 ft. long by 20 in. square; brownish red or light red; used for building keels of vessels, also for fresh-water piling, piers, wharves, etc. BINAYOYO; heavy reddish wood. BINNANG (Macaranga mappa Mull. Arg.); very light wood; grayish white. BINUÑGA (Macaranga Tanarius Mull. Arg.); reddish wood, medium weight. Bitag (Calophylum sp.); reddish brown wood; medium weight. BITANG (Calophylum spectabile Willd.); grayish wood; medium weight. BITANHOL or BITANJOL. (See Palo Maria.) BOLONGITA, BOLONG ETA, or BOLONZETA (Diospyros pilosanthera Bl.); light-red color, or dark red, with streaks and spots of black; very useful for building and cabinet work. BAYUG (Plerospermum acerifolium Willd.); grayish-yellow wood; medium weight. BUCBUC ( Streblus, sp.); heavy white wood. BÚLAC; white wood; very light and pithy. BUNA; heavy, grayish-yellow wood. CABA (Fragree sp.); light whitish wood. CABUY (Citrus histrix V. C.); heavy white wood. CALAMANSANAY ( Stephegyme sp.); rosy white to bright red; useful for building and construction. CALANTÁS or PHILIPPINE CEDAR ( Cedrela odorata Bl.); logs up to 40 ft. long by 35 in. square; flesh color, brick red, or in some varieties, a pale ashy red; used chiefly for the manufacture of cigar boxes and makes handsome inside house fittings. CALIMANLAO (Diospyros sp.); light yellowish-white wood. CALOBCUB (Engenia macrocarpa Rob.); heavy wood, dark brown to black color. CALUMPANG (Sterculia foetida, L.); very great size; brownish-yellow color; easy to work, but not lasting; used for boards. CALUMPIT (Perminalia edulis L.); moderate size; dull yellowish color, with ashy spots, or of a uniform ash color; ripe fruit is edible; used in some places for dye- ing cotton a dirty straw color. CAMAGÓN (Diospyros pilosanthera var.); logs 9 or more ft. in length up to 12 in, in diameter; black with narrow brown or yellowish-red streaks and sometimes with black spots; takes a good polish, and does not curl; highly valued for cabinet work, and often confounded with ebony. CAMAYÚAN; red violet, and bright red or brownish red; employed for building pur- poses; both in the form of small pieces and in boards. CAMÚNING (Muraya exotica L.); 12 to 15 ft. high; bright ocher yellow, uniform or with wavy streaks and spots of brown; used chiefly for cabinet work; the Moros use it in making handles for their weapons; takes a good polish. CAÑAFÍSTULA (Cassia fistula L.); medium weight wood, white or light reddish in color. CANI-or; grayish color, medium weight. CARONSÁN; heavy grayish white. CATMÓN (Dillenia Philippinensis Rolph); heavy wood, resembling rosewood in appearance. CAYANTOL; heavy grayish white. CAYATAO; heavy reddish. CAYTAN (Zanthoxylum oxiphylum Edg.); heavy grayish yellow. Cubi; yellowish brown with greenish spots; used in building, chiefly for joiners' • work. CULING-MANOC; rosy white to brick red, sometimes with streaks and spots of lighter color; good for building purposes, although not in common use; somewhat used for cabinet work. CULIS (Memecylom edula Roxb.); heavy grayish yellow. CUPANG (Parkia Roxburghii G. Don.); light, reddish-brown color. pebuie cigar boxelilawish-white waark brown to 90 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Di ashy red;"verynintana B1.9; Tossp.), grayish kelium weight. DOLITAN-PUTI (Gandrs); grayish 'velikat gray; medi DAO (Dracontamelum sp.); light; dark grayish. DALE (Terminilia); reddish brown; medium weight. DANGAY or BANGAY (Grewia sp.); reddish gray medium weight. DANGÓN or DANGLIG (Dipterocarpus sp.); grayish yellow; medium weight. DINGLÁS Buciba comintana Bl.); logs up to 30 ft. long by 16 in. square; brownish or ashy red; very durable; employed in the construction of buildings and ships. DILANG-BUTIQUÍ (Podocarpus sp.); light gray; medium weight. DITA (Alstoria scholaris); grayish yellow; medium weight. DOLITAN-PUTÍ (Garcinia sp.); heavy grayish yellow. DÚBAT (Engenia sp.); heavy dark red. DÚNEOL, DUNGON, or Dongon (Sterculia cimbifromis D. C.); logs 50 ft. long by 20 in. square; pale reddish, used for roof timber and for keels of vessels; strong but does not resist the attacks of sea worm. EBANO, EBONY, or LUYONG (Diospyros nigra L.); differs from camagón in its more intense and uniform black color, without brown or yellow streaks; very valuable for cabinet work, and also employed in making gunpowder. GATASAN-PULÁ (Camingiana sp.); heavy red wood. GUEYALAS; reddish brown; heavy wood. GUIJO, Guiso, or GUISOC (Dipterocarpus guiso Bl.); logs up to 75 ft. long by 24 in. square; light red to dark red; very durable, strong, tough, and elastic; in Manila used for carriage shafts; in Hongkong, for wharf decks and flooring. GUIM; heavy grayish yellow. Guyo; heavy reddish yellow. HALUPAG; heavy red wood. HIMBABAO; grayish yellow, medium weight. İLANG-ÍLANG or ALANG-ÍLANG (Unona odoratissima L.); white wood, soft, does not last well, and subject to the attacks of insects. ÍPIL or YPIL (Eperua decandra Bl.); logs up to 50 ft. long by 26 in. square; usually dark red; sometimes ocher yellow; has the good qualities of molave, except resistance to sea worm; excellent for ruilding purposes and joiners' work, and for railroad sleepers. JAGUD; very light whitish wood. LANAAN (Anisoptera thurifera); dark grayish; medium weight. LANETE, LANATE, or LANITE (Anasser laniti Bl.); logs up to 25 ft. long by 18 in. square; bone or ashy white with white spots; used for cabinetwork, carved objects, musical instruments, inside decorations, and turning; also for making match boxes. LANÚTAH (Hibiscus); reddish white or light red color, with narrow yellowish streaks; easy to work; commonly employed in cabinetwork and for inside finishing of houses. LAUAN, LAUAAN, or SAUDANA (Dipterocarpus thurifera L.); logs up to 75 ft. long by 24 in. square; reddish white or ashy with brown spots; used principally for the con- struction of canoes. LIGA; heavy reddish gray wood. LIPO (Eugenia sp.); heavy white wood. LOCTOB (Ficus laurifolia Blanco); grayish yellow; light weight. MABOLO (Diospyros isocolor Willd); very heavy white wood. MACÁSIM, MACASIN, or MACAÁSIM; 2 varieties, the red and the white; former is used for house and shipbuilding, latter for inside housework and flooring. MACUPA; very heavy red wood. MAGARAMBULO; grayish yellow; heavy weight. MALAANUNANG (Shorea malaanunang Bl.); light wood; grayish yellow. MALABAYABAS; very heavy wood; dark brown or black. MALABONGA (Laurus hexandra Pers.); moderate size; light red with orange streaks and sometimes with lead-colored spots; especially used for making common boxes. MALACADIÚS (Litsea chinensis Lam.); canary yellow, darkening with time, and tak- ing on greenish brown tints; used for beams and ribs for shipbuiling, and also gives good boards. MALACAINOTE; very heavy wood of reddish brown color. MALACATMÓN; several varieties, 2 of them deserving special mention; first, brick red, with spots and streaks of black; second, red with a few streaks and spots of lead color; both somewhat used for building purposes. MALACUMÓN (Dillenia sp.); heavy straw colored. MALADÚJAT, MALARÚJAT, or MALARÚHAT (Myrtus subrubens Bl.); large size; brownish- yellow color, with streaks of intense brown or ash; gives good boards, and some- what used in making common furniture. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MALAGAITMÚN; heavy straw-colored wood. MALAIBA (Phyllanthus sp.); light wood; whitish color. MALAITMÓ (Celtis philippinensis Bl.); heavy, light colored. MALÚBIG (Syzygium sp.); heavy wood of dark gray color. MALANANGCÁ; heavy white wood. MALAPAHO (Dipterocarpus velutina Bl.); heavy, dark, red wood. MALASANTOL (Thespesia populnea Corr.); heavy wood, whitish color. MALATALAN or MALATÁLANG; brittle wood of reddish color with spots and streaks of black; very little used for building. MALATAPAY (Alangium octopetalum Blanco); small tree and not abundant; yellowish wood spotted with brownish black; highly valued for the construction of fine furniture. MALATIAONG; heavy wood; grayish yellow. MALATO; light wood; reddish color. MALATOOB; dark-gray wood; medium weight. MALATUMBAGA (Crudia spicata D. C.); large size; flesh red to brick red; little employed for building purposes; gives very good boards for box making. MALAÚHUD; straw colored; medium weight. MALAYA; dark gray; medium weight. MAMBOG (Stephengyne diversifolia Hook); light wood; grayish white. MANABANG; heavy wood; yellowish white. MANCALAMIÁN; reddish color with lighter streaks; little employed in building, being used only in Luzon. MANAYAO; grayish yellow; medium weight. MANCONÓ (Xanthostemon verduganianus Nay.); very hard and heavy; found in Min- danao; deep chocolate color. MANGACHAPUY or MANGACHAPOI (Dipterocarpus mangachapoi Bl.); logs up to 55 ft. long by 20 in. square; 2 varieties, red and white; very elastic, and when seasoned withstands the climate as well as teak; used for masts and decks of vessels, and for all work exposed to sun and rain. MANGASINORO ( Fagroca volubilis Jack.); very large size; ashy yellow; soft and not very durable; little used in building. MANICNIC, MANIPNIP; ashy red or light ashy; used in house building not very extensively. MAPULAT (Palagium sp.); straw colored; medium weight. MARA, MARAN, or MÁRANG; reddish yellow, sometimes dirty greenish white. MAYAPI or MAYAPIS (Dipterocarpus mayapis Bl.); large size; reddish with colored streaks and spots; soft and does not last well; considerably used for box making. MIDBID ( Lagerstramia sp.); heavy wood; reddish-brown color. MOLAVE (Vitex geniculata Bl.); logs up to 35 ft. by 24 in. square; yellow, yellowish green, or ashy; resists sea worms, white ants, and the action of the tropical climate. Extremely strong and durable, lasts well under ground; very highly valued for building purposes, called by the natives the “queen of woods.” MULANG-U; heavy wood, dark gray color. NARRA, NAGA, or AGANA (Pterocarpus santalinus L.); logs up to 35 ft. by 26 in. square; known as the mahogany of the Philippines; scarlet to blood red; take a beau- tiful polish; much employed in the manufacture of furniture; from the bases of the trunks of the largest trees magnificent pieces are sometimes obtained of sufficient size to make tops for large dining tables. NARRA BLANCA or NARRA AMARILLA (Pterocarpus pallidus Bl.); ocher yellow with brown streaks; in time it takes a brownish yellowish color; employed in finishing furniture. NATO ( Sterculia balanghas L.); reddish white with delicate spots of more intense color; sometimes rosy, occasionally brick red; used especially for joiners' work. OPAC; very light wood, yellowish white in color. PAGATPAT, PALOPAD, or PALATPAT (Sonneratia pagatpat Bl.); moderate size; some- what resembles cork; reddish color of various tints; used somewhat for building, especially for work under water. PAHUHUTAN (Mangifera longipes Griff); light white wood. PAIt; very heavy red wood. PAITAN; light white wood. PALAYAN or ROBLE; several species of the genus Quercus are found in the Philippines. PALMS; for structural purposes the species known under the name of Palma brava are the most important; resisting moisture; trunks are converted into tubes for conducting water, used for rafters in house building, for piles, and for telegraph poles; from the hard outer wood handsome canes and bows are made. 92 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. able, reddierythroxylon B very beautiful rood, grayish purpo PALO MARIA, or BITANHOL, or BITANJOL (Calophylum inophylum D. C.); moderate size; light red; exceedingly tough and lighter than molave; much used for ship- building; acquires gigantic proportions in Mindanao. PALO NAPUY; violet with blackish spots; somewhat employed for building purposes; hardly known in the Manila market, but not to be despised. PALSAGUYUGUIN; grayish yellow, medium weight. PALUSAPIS; light wood, dark straw color. PANAO; light grayish yellow wood. PANGUISAN; ashy yellow color; somewhat used for buiding purposes. PANAYBANAY (Plerospernum sp.); very heavy wood, grayish brown. PANOSILO; yellowish white; not very beautiful; not very much used. PÁsac (Mimosops erythroxylon Bos.); large, hard, tough, and durable, reddish and durable, reddish white or flesh red color; employed for building purposes; like yacal, but inferior to it. PASQUIT (Memecylon paniculatum Jack.); heavy wood of reddish color. PILI (Canarium sp.); straw colored; medium weight. Pino or PALO PINO (Pinus insularis Endl.); a very large tree, reaching an extraor- dinary size in the mountains of Ilocos, Lepanto, and Benguet. Puso Puso (Litsea littoralis Benth.); reddish yellow wood of medium weight. Púrat (Barringtonia racenosa Bl.); white; medium weight. PUTOTAN or PoTOTAN; reddish-brown wood of medium weight. SAMPÁLOC (Tamarindus indica L.); roots are used for carpenter work. SANTOL or SANTOR (Santoricum indicum Cav.); reddish and of strong texture; little employed for building purposes. SIBUCAO or PALO-SAPANG (Cesalpinia sappana); orange red; pegs made from it are used in the manufacture of small sailing craft in place of iron spikes and nails. SIRIQUE; grayish yellow; medium weight. SOLIPA or SULIPA (Sulipa pseudopsidium Bl.) canary yellow or greenish yellow; employed for coopers' work. SUPA (Dipterocarpus sp.); large size; yellowish or dirty ocher, becoming brownish yellow in time; very similar to ipil, but inferior to it; employed for house and ship building. TABIGUI-ITIM; heavy wood; deep-red color. TABOC (Ægle decandra Naves); heavy white wood. TALÍSAY ( Terminalia catappa); dark straw colored; medium weight. TAMAUYAN-PUTI (Gymnosporia sp.); light white wood. TANGILE OR TANGILIO TANGUILI (Dipterocarpus polyspermus Bl.); large size; brownish red; much used for the construction of canoes and also for joiners' work. TANGISAN (Ficus sp.); white wood; medium weight. TAPAL; very heavy wood, with black and white stripes. TECA (Tectona grandis L.); little known in the Philippines; exists in Mindanao and said to exist in Negros. TIBAYOS or TUBAYOS; heavy slate-colored wood. TIBIG (Ficus glomerata Bl.); white wood; medium weight.. TINAAN PANTAY; light-gray wood of medium weight. TÍNDALO (Eperua rhomboidea Bl.); large size; light red, growing darker with age and in time becoming completely black; takes a good polish; used for house decora- tion and the manufacture of fine furniture; occasionally for building. TINGAN-TINGAN (Pterospermum obliguum Blanco); dark straw colored; medium weight. Toob (Bischofia javanica Mull., Arg.); light gray; medium weight. Tooc or Toog; heavy dark-red wood. TUCANGCALÓ (Sterculia rubiginosa Vent. Hook); heavy dark-red wood. YACAL or SAPLUNGAN (Dipterocarpus plagatus Bl.); one of the heaviest and most enduring of the Philippine woods. Reaches a height of 40 to 60 ft., with a diam- eter of 2 to 3 ft.; logs up to 50 ft. long by 22 in. square; earthy-yellow color; solid and fine texture; proof against white ants and has great strength and tenac- ity; much used in house building as well as in shipbuilding. Economic uses.—The uses of the more important woods are: CABINET WORK: Ebano, camagón, bolongita, tíndalo, narra, malapatay, alintatao, and camúning for fine furniture; lanete, narra blanca, lanutan, malarújat, batitinan, and antipolo for common furniture. SHIPBUILDING: Yacal, betis, dúngon, and ípil for keels and sternposts; antipolo for keels and outside planking; molave for futtock timbers and stems crooks ior frame- work; banaba for outside planking and beams; guijo for beams, masts, and yards; batitinan for keelsons and clamps; mangachapuy for waterways and deck timbers; amuguís for upper works and partitions; palo-maria for futtock timbers, masts, and yards. CANOES: Tangile, lauaan, malaanonang, balao, mayapis, and many others. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 93 HOUSE BUILDING: Molave for beams, framework, doorcasings, window casings, floor boards, etc.; ípil, same as molave; supa and balao are substitutes for but inferior to ípil; dungon for rafters, door and window joints, clamps, etc.; banabá, employed for various purposes, and especially for all parts exposed to the action of moisture; yacal for framework; amuguís, baticulín, and malatumbaga used in form of boards for partitions, ceiling work, etc. Box MAKING: Calantàs for cigar boxes and fine boxes in general; tangile, mayapis, and malaanonang for common boxes. FRUITS. The wild and cultivated fruits of the Philippines are abundant in variety and superior in quality. The introduction of new species from the United States is also successful, particularly grapes, strawberries, blackberries, figs, and walnuts, which flourish in the highlands of Benguet. The following is a description of the best known fruits, having chiefly in view their industrial and domestic uses: ANONA (Anona reticulata L.); an exotic from Mexico, its meat being white and soft and containing, like the ates, small, black pits; is sweet and fragrant, and has an exterior appearance resembling the common custard apple or bullock's heart. ATES (Anona squamosa L.); juicy, aromatic, very sweet, very soft, and somewhat ATES (Anona stable delicacy: 1.); has the flavor of BALIMBING (Averrhora carambola L.); has the flavor of a quince, and is used by the natives as food with dry fish or meat. BANANA; the commonest and cheapest fruit in the Philippines, there being a large number of species, varying greatly in form and taste. It is called platanò by the Spaniards, and saguing by the Tagálos. The trunk of the banana tree is not solid, but soft and full of minute little tubes or aqueducts, which serve to conduct the sap which sustains and matures the plant within the short space of one year. Shortly after fruit ripens the plant begins to decline and the leaves dry up and fall. The fruit grows in bunches of various shapes, according to the species. Important varieties: Lakatán, very similar to the ordinary American banana; latundán, less yellow and sourer than the preceding, being noted for its digestive qualities; the saba, which makes a most delicious fritter; the hanipa, sweeter than the sabá, and cultivated principally in Sámar and Leyte; the tambonan, a very common and healthful species; the camada, very large; the tundoc, also large, the skin of which is of a violet color; the binalátong, larger, more deli- cate, and more fragrant; the torlangdato, called in Spanish "the lady finger;" the pilbitin, a small, sweet, and rich variety; the tarip, the bungaran, the putían, the dariao, the mungcó, the talood, the tinumbaga, the dariyas, the bungulan, the gloria, and others. P. Delgado enumerates and describes 57 varieties. Camiás (Averrhora bilimbi L.); when green has an agreeable sour taste, but when ripe is sweet and fragrant; is often pickled or candied, and its juice removes the stain of iron rust and other spots from linen. CANTALOUPES; of excellent varieties, especially in the provinces near Manila. CHICO; 2 varieties; the chico sapote or sapote (Achras sapote L.) and the chico mamey or chico (Lucuma mamosa Gaert). The sapote is an evergreen tree, with thick shining leaves and milky juice, a native of tropical America. Its fruit is about the size of an orange, green on the outside and black on the inside, sweet, and makes excellent preserves. The chico is smaller, the skin and pulp of deep brown, with brilliant black seeds embedded in it. It contains a pleasant flavored pulp resembling quince marmalade in appearance and taste. CITRON; fruit very large; is found in abundance. DUHAT (Lomboy) (Eugenia jambolona L.); a tree of hard and durable wood; pro- duces a wild edible fruit, dark purple to black in color, about the size of an olive. Its astringent bark is used in dyeing, tanning, and in medicine. GUANÁBANO ( Anona muricata L.); pear shaped, being similar in exterior appearance to the pineapple, containing an agreeable slightly acid pulp; used for preserves. GUAYABA (Psidium guayaba L.); a Tagálo bayabas; when ripe is of yellowish color, and very aromatic, as are the leaves. The pulp is acid, and has different color according to the varieties, white, yellow, and pink. The interior is filled with little hard seeds or pits, which are embedded in the meat. It is a carminative and an excellent jelly and marmalade. Natives use this fruit as food. 94 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. (Mangifera inilippines. Thene; the interionà delicate. phyes are long, LANGCÁ or NANGCÁ (Artocarpus integrifolia Willd); is perhaps the largest found in the world, some as large as a good-sized water jar. The ripening fruit is recog- nized by its aromatic and penetrating odor. The fruit cut shows a large amount of yellowish or whitish meat, of which preserves and sweetmeats are made, resembling the date, with an odor like musk. The seeds when boiled or baked resemble the chestnut. The wood of the tree is yellow, solid, durable, and very serviceable for working. LANZÓN (Lansium domesticum Jack or Boboo); is beautiful in appearance and gives a cool shade. The leaves are of a beautiful clear green. The fruit is a yellow berry, the skin being bitter, thin, and fine. Within it are contained fine divi- sions, as in the lemon, but the flesh is crystalline white, almost transparent, sweetish sour,quite delicate, and very refreshing. This fruit is healthful for those who suffer from heat. The best kind of lanzones grows in Laguna, Luzón. LEMONS; 7 varieties of this fruit, some of superior quality. MABOLO (Diospyros discolor Willd); is about the size of a quince and contains a large seed. The skin is reddish and velvety. The flesh is white and sweet, but some- what indigestible, and has a rather strong odor. MACUPA (Eugenia malaccensis L.); about the size of a sweet pepper and of somewhat the same shape, rather larger and quite red in color; more lustrous; bitter-sweet in taste, somewhat agreeable, but has no solid flesh which can be eaten. MAMPÓN or PAJO (Mangifera altissima Blanco); very similar to the manga, frequently preserved in brine in the form of pickles; also made into sweetmeats and pre- serves. There are other small varieties about the size of an olive, which are used in making pickles and preserves. MANGA. (Mangifera indica L.); one of the most exquisite fruits in the world, and the queen of the Philippines. The largest is from 6 to 7 in. in length; flattened. The skin is yellow and rather fine; the interior a fleshy, fibrous drupe, and with more or less of a turpentine flavor, but sweet and delicate. The pit in the center is almost as long as the fruit itself, but very narrow. The leaves are long, wide, and dark green, and an infusion of them somewhat similar to tea. The manga is used as a food, not only when ripe (April), but when green. It is used also for preserves, jelly, and marmalade. The natives make the boiled manga into a kind of relish of sweet-acid flavor, as palatable as the Indian chutney. The best mangas come from Imus, Cavite, Luzón. MANGOSTEEN or MANGOSTÁN (Garcinia mangostana L); an exotic fruit, grows only in Sulu and some points of Zamboanga and Cotabato, where it is called the "Kings' fruit,” because it is so highly prized by the Moro sultans. It is dark red or pur- ple and about the size of an orange. The edible and juicy parts form small, white divisions, very soft, found in the interior; covered with a double skin, red- dish in color, and which must be removed before the fruit is eaten. The rind of the fruit, as well as the bark and wood of the tree, is very astringent and has been used in medicine. ORANGES of various indigenous species are found. The principal is the cajel. An- other the naranjita. There are several wild species, one of which is called "amumintay." They are very large, being 12 or 13 in. in circumference, have a thick skin, are very juicy and bitter. PAPAYA (papaw) (Carica papaya, L.); 2 sexes. The male produces tubes filled with small white aromatic flowers; the female yields fruit. The tree resembles a palm, with large broad leaves. The fruit, a small squash in appearance, is ordi- narily 10 in. long, commonly of an oblong form, ribbed, with a thick, fleshy rind, and sweet. When it ripens the skin changes from green to a reddish color, as does the flesh also. It is sometimes eaten raw or made into a sauce, or when green is boiled as a vegetable and pickled, in combination with red peppers, spices, radishes, and onions, forming a nice hors d'oeuvre, with a yellow sweet- acid sauce, called achora by natives and Spaniards alike. The seeds are an efficacious vermifuge. PINEAPPLES (Bromelia ananas L. or Ananosa saliva Lindley); have a fine flavor, aromatic and slightly tart on account of the presence of malic acid. It is of more importance however as a textile plant. RIMA (Artocarpus incisa L.), composed of the numerous small female flowers united into one large fleshy mass about the size of a child's head, and is covered with hexagonal marks externally which are the limits of the individual flowers. The flesh is a substantial food, and on this account it is called the breadfruit plant. It is either boiled or roasted and then eaten with sugar or sirup. It is also made into preserves. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 95 SANTOL (Sandoricum indicum Cav.); similar to the peach; but larger and the rind thicker. Inside there are several divisions, as in the mangostán, of a white color and bitter sweet taste, each division containing a hard pit, with carminitive qualities. It is used principally for preserves and pickles, although it is eaten raw when ripe. Bulacán, Luzon, produces the best santols. SAPOTE (Diospyros ebenaster Retz) and Pagápat (Do Kaki L.), are natives of China. Among the large number of wild species of fruits found in the Philippines in gen- eral, sour, sweet, and somewhat carminitive, may be mentioned the doctoyan, the the pananquián, the durion, the abuli, amahit, angiap, amaga, agononan, abubu- nanu, alanganisan, dae, amamampang, bonano, harobor or marobo, cabaan, carong, cagos, gayan, dalinson, etc., which are described by P. Delgado. TAMPOY ( Eugenia jambos, L.); about the size of a small apple, the flesh being soft, sweet, and having an odor like roses. In color and shape it resembles a guay- aba. MECHANICAL INDUSTRIES. The Philippine Islands, notwithstanding the aptitude of the inhabit- ants and abundance of raw material for all kinds of fabrics, is not a manufacturing country. There exist, however, some very prosperous industries, generally carried on with primitive implements and meth- ods. The introduction of modern machinery, considering the impor- tance and wealth of the islands, not only as producers, but possessing the necessary resources, would speedily make them a factor as a manu- facturing center in the Far East. The most important industries are: Manufacture of cloth. The fibers used in weaving are hemp, pine- apple, cotton, and silk. The first two are products of the country. Silk comes from China and cotton is imported. Cloth made from hemp alone is called sinamay, which is used for shirts for men and waists and skirts for women. A finer variety of hemp cloth, often confused with pineapple cloth, is called tinampipi. Cloth made from pineapple fiber is called piña, a very delicate fabric used for making handkerchiefs, waists, and other elegant garments. From silk alone, or from a mixture of silk and cotton or pineapple fiber, are made the Philippine jusis, famous for their lightness, beauty, and delicate pat- terns. From cotton are manufactured heavy blankets, of which a spe- cialty is made in both the Ilocos provinces. In the district of Tondo, Manila City, is a factory in which cotton is woven by means of modern machinery into textile fabrics. In the weaving of these articles not a machine moved by steam, with the exception mentioned, is used, only primitive looms worked by hand and by the most simple methods. Women work the looms, the majority being girls from 12 to 20 years of age. The work is good, considering the simple methods and the primitive machinery used. The provinces of Albay, Batangas, Cala- mianes, Ambos Camarines, Ilocos, Iloílo, Rizal, and Tayabas are pre- eminent in this line. Manufacture of mats, hats, etc. In the manufacture of mats, sleeping mats, hats, bags, cigar cases, etc., intelligence, skill, and shown. This is the more wonderful, as the only instru- ment used is a sort of knife called gúloc. The materials are rattan, palm leaves, ferns, bamboo, buri, all of which are abundant. The provinces notable for these articles are Albay, Bulacán, Ambos Cama- rines, Iloílo, Laguna, Pampanga, Pangasinan, and Tayabas. Manufacture of cordage. In a suburb of Manila City, called Santa Mesa, and San Juan del Monte, Rizal, are several factories of rope and cordage, in which primitive methods are employed, machinery being only used as a motor of the instruments used. 96 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Tobacco.-In this important Philippine industry the Havana meth- ods of gathering and curing the leaf and manufacturing the product are used. In some places the manufacture is carried on with modern machinery. In all more women than men are employed. The cigar- ette machines in many factories are worked by steam. The most prominent factories in the archipelago are located in Manila. Sugar.-In Negros and Pampanga are many iron mills, worked by animal, water, or steam power, for the manufacture of sugar. In Manila there is a large sugar refinery, and another in Malabón, Rizal, S. of Manila City. Hemp.-The extracting of the hemp fiber and its drying constitutes a large industry, apart from its manufacturing into rope or cloth. It is conducted by means of primitive and simple apparatus. The hemp fiber is found in the market in bunches or bundles, and is classified according to its quality. Indigo.—The production of indigo is accomplished through several operations-maceration in water, addition of lime, shaking or stirring and decantation of the water, formation of the indigo into masses, and wrapping. It is then placed in wooden boxes and sent to the market. Alcohol.-The materials used in the manufacture of alcohol are the juice from the nipa or the cocoanut palms and low-grade molasses. Nipa wine is manufactured in Dagupan, Pangasinan, Vigan, Ilocos, Sur Luzon, and Cápiz, Panay. In all the archipelago there are not less than 5,000 stills, the 4 largest in Manila. Oil. - This product is extracted from cocoanuts, the methods em- ployed being very rudimentary. Other oils extracted are lumbang, castor oil, and those from the peanut and other plants. Essential oils are extracted from the ílang-ílang, sampaguita, and champaca flowers. Rice.- In tare clearing rice a primitive apparatus called the lusong is employed. The lusong is a large wooden mortar in which the rice is pounded until the husk is removed. One or two steam mills were installed in Calumpit, Bulacan, but were subsequently destroyed in the ravages of war. Soap.-This article has been made in the islands for a long time, but the methods employed are most primitive. The manufacture of laundry soap is conducted only by Chinese. In Manila there are small establishments in which toilet soap is manufactured. Starches.- This industry, while small, has abundance of raw mate- rial found in the country. Cheese. This dairy product is made in small quantities, that com- ing from Cebú and Laguna being of excellent quality. Leather.--This industry is but rudimentary, although considering the large number of cattle found in the country it might be made of some importance. Fisheries. The marine and fresh-water fisheries are extensive and valuable. A provision in the municipal code authorizes the levying of a tax on the privilege of fishing by municipalities within the limits of their respective jurisdictions. Shipbuilding. This important industry is carried on in all the larger islands where transportation is by coastwise and river craft. Building trades.This branch of industry is conducted with skill in the better class of structures. In the construction of the light nipa houses and Cogon huts the mechanical ingenuity of the inhabitants is also shown to good advantage. THE IGORROTE TOWN OF CABAYAN, BENGUET, LUZÓN. Houses surrounded by coffee bushes. A PLANTATION OF TOBACCO, AND FIELD HANDS, LUZÓN. COCOANUT PALM PLANTATION, LUZÓN. IGORROTES BREAKING GROUND PREPARATORY TO PLANTING CAMOTE, BENGUET, LUZÓN. PLANTING ZACATE, RIZAL, LUZÓN. CARRYING ZACATE (GRASS) FOR FODDER, RIZAL, LUZON. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 97 FOOD PRICES. The following is a digest of information on the prices, in gold, or in silver, exactly double the figures here shown, of commodities in Manila, taken from Bulletin No. 32, June, 1901, Department of Labor: Prices of certain articles in common use in Manila, April 1, 1900. In common use among- Articles. Whites. Natives. Chinese. . $0.07) .04 . DISCU .................... . ...per pound.. .................do... ........... per 18-ounce tin.. per pound.. ..do.... . .06 $0.06 .378 Beans, French, dry....... Bread ..... Biscuit...... Butter ........ Candy, caramel lozenge of sugar.. Cheese: European ....... Fresh Philippine... Coffee, not roasted .... Corn, dry. Eggs: Fresh................... From the provinces. Fish: Cod, salt.. .do... .do... .do.... .do... 20 V20 $0.02 ...per dozen.. ........... per 100.. Dry ... ..... per pound.. ......do........ ..............do.....10.15..20 .per 13-ounce can.. .. per 23-ounce can.. 10 . 10, 15, .20 .10 10,.15, 20 .04 S .. per dozen.. ..do.... ......per pound.. ...per 14-ounce can.. ....do.... ...per 26-ounce can.. ...per pound.. ..do.... ..do.... .do.. et 15 .15 .18) .183 .20 .071 ..do... Fresh ........ Oysters, canned. Salmon, canned . Fruit: Bananas ... Oranges......... Raisins, Valencia ... Canned, guava jelly... Canned, mango jelly Canned, peaches ........ Dried, apples, plums, peaches Lard ......... Pure leaf.. Salted.. Lentils Macaroni Meat: Beef, canned corned. Beef, dried. Beef, fresh.. Caribou..... Chickens ....... Ducks..... Ham, New York Ham, Spanish. Hens ....... Mutton, fresh.. Pork, fresh.. Turkeys ............ Milk: Condensed .. Fresh. Molasses Oil: Cocoanut Olive Pease, chick ..... Pickles............. Rice: European.. Saigon or Philippine... Salt: .... per 6-pound can.. ........ per pound.. ..do.... ......do.... ..each.. .do.... ..per pound.. .......do.... .... each.. 20 ....do.... .........each.. ...per 18-ounce can.. ... per liter (0.53 quart).. .... per pound.. .05 .05 .06 .06 .........do.... ....... per liter (0.79 quart).. ........ per pound.. ...... per 30-ounce bottle.. 06 ...... per pound.. .........do.... .02) .011 .01) Fine...... ......do... ..per 3 pounds.. ....per pound.. .013 .01 ....do... Shells, salted Spices: Allspice, whole. Mustard...... Pepper, red, ground. Pepper, whole .. Saffron, common .. ...per 10-ounce packet.. ... per pound.. ....do.... ..do.... .......do... 10 .02) Starch ....... Sugar, brown: First-class. Second-class Third-class... .do.. do... .071. .06 .05 .do... 98 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Prices of certain articles in common use in Manila, April 1, 1900-Continued. In common use among- Articles. Whites. Natives. Chinese. .....per pound.. ..........do...... $0.75 ....... $0.25 ..do.... ...do.... .....do.... $0.15 . 10 ... per 20-ounce can.. ............do... ............do.... ............do... ...........do.... Теа: First-class...... Second-class ... Tobacco: First-class....... Second-class . Third-class...... Vegetables, canned: Artichokes Pease .... Peppers. Tomatoes ...... Other Vegetables, fresh: Cabbage, white Onions.. Potatoes ...... Tomatoes Pot herbs Salted, pot herbs.. Vermicelli ....... Vinegar: European.... From the islands .. Wine, red: Ordinary Superior .. Candles.. Matches: European .... Japanese .... Oil, kerosene, Russian Soap, laundry: First-class . Second-class .. .per 2-pound head.. .......per pound.. ......do.... ...do.... ....do.... .do.... ...... per 3 pounds.. ..per liter (0.79 quart).. ... per liter (0.53 quart).. .02 .02 ...per 16 liters (16.91 quarts).. .........do... ..........per pound.. .......per (small) box. 100 (small) boxes.. ... per pound.. . 05 .05 1.25 -per 25 pounds. ...do.... 1.00 00 .00 Labor.—This question is a difficulty felt all over the islands. The lands are so rich and produce so much for so little work that the native, naturally indolent, finds he is able to support himself with very little labor. His wants are few, his love for idleness is great. Skilled labor is hard to get. A proposition is advanced to allow the Chinese to come in as laborers, but not as merchants, claiming "the unpopularity of the Chinese is due, not to their coming as laborers in the labor market, but as to skill as tradesmen.” In the great works which are performed here, it may be thought wise to allow companies to bring in Chinese skilled laborers under a bond to take them out when the work is accomplished. The hope is that the influx of the Americans, the high prices that the Americans give for their work, and the examples of the comforts that the Americans enjoy will teach these people, who are exceedingly imitative, that the things they now regard as mere luxuries are equally necessities, and that a desire for them will induce labor. WAGE RATES. The following, taken from Bulletin No. 32, June, 1901, Department of Labor, shows the rates of wages paid in April and May, 1900, in Manila, in 664 establishments, covering 69 distinct industries, of which only the most important are here given. The whole number of employees was 22,155, of which 187 were white, 17.317 native, and 4,651 Chinese. Under each occupation the highest daily rate is first given, followed by the lower daily rates in order, and by the highest GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 99 and then the lower monthly rates. Sunday work is more common than in the United States. The rates of wages given are in gold. In the actual transactions silver, of exactly half the value of gold, is used, and the amounts, therefore, in all cases are exactly double those here shown. In all ordinary business transactions in Manila silver is still the money in use. The gold that has come in under the new con- ditions does not appear to have had any noticeable effect upon the circulating medium, having practically disappeared. Native labor is difficult to secure, especially skilled labor. Throughout the archi- pelago wages have doubled or trebled since United States occupation. All employees are males, except where otherwise mentioned. Rates of wuges in Manila, April and May, 1900. Occupations. Nation- ality. Hours per day. Rate of wages. Occupations. Nation- ality. Hours per day. Rate of wages. Bookbinding (4 estab- lishments). Masters .... Workmen.... Carriage factory (7 e8- tablishments), | Masters ........ Native.. ....do.... ..do ... ....do .... 00 00 00 00 00 $1.00 day. .50 day. .374 day. . 25 day. .12, day. , 12, day. Native... White ... ...do .... Native... do ....do Workwomen.... ....do.. Apprentices..... Brewery (1 establish- ment), Master ...... White ... Foreman............. Native.. Workmen... ....do .... ....do.... ܘܘܘܘܘܘܘܘܘ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Blacksmiths... ...do... 8 150.00 mo. 8 30.00 mo. 8 22.50 mo. 15.00 mo. 10.00 mo. 8. 00 mo. 5.00 mo. 5.00 mo. OOOO 00 00 00 00 00 00 Workwomen.... ....do... .....do .... Carpenter shop (14 e8- tablishments) Masters ...... ...do.... ...do.... ....do... Chinese. Native... ....do .... ....do .... Blacksmiths' helpers. ....do.... Carpenters ...do .... 1....do ....do .... ....do.. Chinese Native.. Cloth workers... .do 00 Chinese . 10 .do ...do .... 10 ....do ... do ....do .... Apprentices........ $1.00 day. 75.00 mo. 50.00 mo. 50.00 mo. 40.00 mo. 30.00 mo. .25 day. . 12) day. 4.00 mo. 3.00 mo. .75 day. .62, day. 30.00 mo. 22.50 mo. 20.00 mo. 15.00 mo. 9.00 mo. 8.00 mo. 5.00 mo. . 374 day. 15.00 mo. .624 day. .50 day. 30.00 mo. 15.00 mo. 15.00 mo. 9.00 mo. .62, day. .50 day. 22.50 mo. 17.50 mo. 15.00 mo. 12.50 mo. 6.00 mo. .75 day. . 50 day. 22.50 mo. 20.00 mo. 15.00 mo. 9.00 mo. 8.00 mo. .75 day. .50 day. 22.50 mo. 15.00 mo. 4.50 day. 215.00 mo. a .12day. * . 10 day. * .05 day. .07} day. 0 00 00 (chil- Apprentices dren). Workmen. DO ....do .... 00 00 00 ....do.... ...do ... ...do ... Leather workers. * 2.00 mo. *.42day. # .37day. 4.25 day. *. 12day. a. 10 day. -11.00 mo. 10.00 mo. 10 * 9.00 mo. 10 * 8.00 mo. 10 * 6.00 mo. 10 a 5.00 mo. 10 ~ 4.00 mo. ...do .... ...do .. ...do .... ...do .... ....do ... ....do.... ....do .... ...do .... ....do .... 00 00 00 00 ....do ....do. ....do .... Painters Carpenters, house (8 establishments). 00 00 00 00 00 00 Masters Chinese mo. . Workmen.. . 7.50 mo. 6.00 mo. 5.00 mo. 7.50 mo, . 00 00 . * 1.50 day. +1.00 day. *.50 day. *.50 day. *.374 day. Workmen 2.37day. | 1.25 day. Alcohol distillery (7 a. 25 day. establishments). 2.15 day. * . 15 day. 2.12; day. * Also 3 meals and room. ...do... ...do ... ..do... 10 sters Chinese .12 1.00 day. | White ... 8 1 100.00 mo. 100 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Rate of wages in Manila, April and May, 1900—Continued. Occupations. Nation- ality. Hours per day. Rate of wages. Occupations. Nation ality. Hours per day. Rate of wages. ധ ന ഗ ഗ ഗ ല ല ന ന ല ന ന ന ന ല ....do .... do.... മ ല ല ന ന ....do ....dob.. ....do .... ....do .... do... ന White .. ...do ... Alcohol distillery (7 Chocolate factory (7 establishm ents)- establishments). Continued. Masters .. Chinese . 10 a $1.00 day. Masters White ... 8 $75.00 mo. Workmen.. ...do.... 10 14.50 day. Native... 8 30.00 mo. ....do .... 10 *.25 day. Foremen.. White .. 50.00 mo. Cigar and cigarette Workmen... Native... .75 day. ....do .... .50 day. factory (31 establish- ments). Chinese. .50 day. Native... .37} day. Masters ....... White ... 2.50 day. Chinese 2.371 day. Native... 2.00 day. Native... .25 day. .do .... 1.50 day. Chinese .25 day. ...do .... 1.00 day. .do.... a. 25 day. White 150.00 mo. White ... 40.00 mo. ..do.... 100.00 mo. ....do.... 30.00 mo. .do 75.00 mo. Native... 30.00 mo. 50.00 mo. ....do.... 22.50 mo. Native... 50.00 mo. ....do .... 22.50 mo. 40.00 mo. ....do... 20.00 mo. ....do.... 25.00 mo. 15.00 mo. 15.00 mo. Apprentices... .12, day, . 10 day. ....do.... 10.00 mo. 2.50 mo. ....do .... 9.00 mo. Box fillers ... .37day. ....do .... 7.50 mo. .25 day. ....do.... 7.50 mo. 11.00 mo. Chinese 1 6.00 mo. 7.50 mo. Native... 4.00 mo. Box finishers..... ....do.... .371 day. Bakery (12 establish- ....do .... .25 day. ments). ....do ... .25 day. Masters 11.00 mo. 12 640.00 mo. ....do.... 12 135.00 mo. ....do .... 7.50 mo. ....do .... 12 130.00 mo. Cigarette makers. ....do .... .375 day. Native... .25 day. $15.00 mo. ....do ... Chinese . 12 15.00 mo. ....do b.. 7.50 mo. Workmen.. Native... 12 59.00 mo. Cigarette packers .... .25 day. ...do ...do .... 7.50 mo. 68.00 mo. ....dob... Chinese . 12 a 8.00 mo. Cigar rollers ..., ....do.... .75 day. Native... 12 .62, day. 16.00 mo. ....do.... ....do .... .50 day. 65.00 mo. ....do.... .50 day. Chinese a 5.00 mo. Native... b 4.00 mo. .371 day. .377 day. Chinese. - 4.00 mo. 25 day. Barber shop (45 estab- lishments). ....do .... 15.00 mo. .do 11.00 mo. Masters White ... 10 1.00 day. ...do b 9.00 mo. Native... .50 day. ..do 7.50 mo. Chinese *.50 day. ....do b... 7.50 mo. White ... 30.00 mo. Engineers ....do 1.50 day. Native... 15.00 mo. ....do .... 30.00 mo. ....do .... 10 15.00 mo. Foremen.. 1.50 day. Workmen... ....do... .25 day. White 75.00 mo. Chinese . 10 4.25 day. .do 50.00 mo. ....do .... *.124 day. ....do 40.00 mo. White .. 15.00 mo. Sorters.. Native... .37) day | 12.50 mo. ....do .... 11.00 mo. Native... 10 9.00 mo. Workmen.. ....do.... .50 day. 8.00 mo. ....do .... . 374 day 7.50 mo. ....do .... .25 day. Bicycle repairing (4 Chinese .25 day. establishments) ....do.... ..20 day. Native... . 15 day. Masters 2.00 day. ....do .... 15.00 mo. 1.50 day. ... do .... 8 7.50 mo. Native... 1.00 day. Apprentice... ..do .124 day. Cigar-box factory (2 Workmen..... ....do.... .50 day. establishments). ....do.... .25 day. | Masters White. 50.00 mo. Blacksmith ano veter- ...do.... 45.00 mo. inary (1 establish- Workmen .... Native... .50 day. ment). ....do .... .371 day Master .. White ... 8 40.00 mo. Chinese .371 day. Workmen.. Native... 8 15. 00 mo. Native... .25 day ..do .... 81 9.00 mo. Chinese J 8 . 25 day. * Also 3 meals and room. b Also 3 meals. 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ....do .. ....do .... ...do ... www.do ... do.... 0 00 0 do ... 00 00 00 00 00 00 White ... ....do .. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 101 Rates of wages in Manila, April and May, 1900—Continued. Occupations. Nation- ality. Hours per day. Rate of wages. Occupations. Nation- ality. Hours per day. Rate of wages. 000000 Oo oo do.... White .. ....d ....do.. ...do.... ..do... ....do.... Cocoanut-oil factory Essence distillery (1 (1 establishment), establishment). Master ....... Native.. 8 $50.00 mo. Master ....... White ... $40.00 mo. Workmen ........... ....do 8 20.00 mo. Workmen ....... Native... 15.00 mo. ....do .... 8 | 15.00 mo. ...do.... 7.50 mo. ....do .... 811.00 mo. ....do ... 7.50 mo. Furniture factory (16 Chinese 6.00 mo. establishments). Masters ......... Chinese . 10 Comb making (1 estab- *.50 day. # 25.00 mo. lishment). ....do .... 10 * 22. 50 mo. Master ....... Chinese . 10 $0.50 day. ....do.... * 20.00 mo. Workmen............ ...do .... 10 . 25 day. ....do.... * 17.50 mo. Confectionery (19 e8- * 15.00 mo. tablishments). * 15.00 mo. Masters Chinese 8 *.374 day. | Apprentices. 22.00 mo. 8 a 50.00 mo. || Apprentices ( * 3.00 mo. ..do... 8550.00 mo. dren. ....do... 8 50.00 mo. * 2.00 mo. 8 ..do... e 40.00 mo. ....do a 1.50 mo. 8 ....do.... • 30.00 mo. Workmen.. ....do *.37) day. 17.50 mo. ....do Native.. #.25 day. 15.00 mo. #.12, day. ....do ... • 15.00 mo. * 15.00 mo. ..do .... Apprentice (child) .. Chinese . *.10 day. * 12.50 mo. * 11.00 mo. Scullions.... ....do .... * 4.00 mo. Native.. 64.00 mo. * 10.00 mo. ....do... b 3.00 mo. * 10.00 mo. €3.00 mo. ....do.... 10 ....do ... * 9.00 mo. Workmen ... * 8.00 mo. Chinese * .25 day. .do... * 7.50 mo. 2.10 day. ....do.... 8 .do... - 15.00 mo. ...do a 7.50 mo. Native.. 8 15.00 mo. ....do. 16.00 mo. Chinese 8 - 10.00 mo. ....do *5.00 mo. Native.. 9.00 mo. ....do.... * 4.50 mo. 9.00 mo. ...do .... * 4.00 mo. 8.00 mo. .do ... 48.00 mo. Guitar factory (2 estab- .do... 7.50 mo. lishments). .do... 17.00 mo. Il Masters ........... Native. 1.00 day. ..do... 6.00 mo. | Workmen ....... ....do .... 8 . 50 day. Chinese a 6.00 mo. .37 day. Native.. 16.00 mo. ....do .... 8 . 25 day. c6.00 mo. 4.00 mo. Handsaw mill (16 do 64.00 mo. establishments). ....do.... 6.00 mo. Workwomen .. ....do .... c6.00 mo. Masters ... Chinese . 10 * 1.00 day. Workmen.. ....do .... 10 .50 day. Copper foundry (3 €8- *. 25 day. tablishments). . 15 day. Magters Chinese 101.50 day. Workmen. ....do .... 10 d. 25 day. Harness factory (11 ....do .... 104.12day. establishments). Dentist (4 establish- Masters ...... Native... 1.00 day. ments). White ... 50.00 mo. Masters White ... 30.00 mo. 84.00 day. Native... Native.. 84.00 day. ...do ... 25. 00 mo. 3.00 day. ....do .... 22.50 mo. Workmen.. 1.00 day. Apprentice (child).......do .... 2.00 mo. ....do .... 8 .75 day. || Workmen. ....do .... .75 day. .50 day. ....do .... 8 .50 day. .371 day. Electric-light plant (1 .25 day. establishment). 20.00 mo. Electrician .......... White .. 150.00 mo. 17.50 mo. Electrician, assistant.....do ... 50.00 mo. ...do.... 15.00 mo. Engineer......... 100.00 mo. ....do ... 12.50 mo. Engineer, assistant...) Native... 40.00 mo. ...do ... Workmen ...... ....do.... 22.50 mo. ...do ... 10.00 mo. 15.00 mo. ....do .... 11.00 mo. ....do .... 8 8.00 mo. ....do .... 8.00 mo. ....do .... 8 7.50 mo. 6.00 mo. ....do ... 8 6.00 mo. ....do .... 12 5.00 mo. ....do .... 8 5.00 mo. * Also 3 meals and room. } Also 3 meals. Also 2 meal. d Also meals and room. OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO .do... .do... ....do ... 00 do.... do... do.... 8 ...do ... ...do ... ....do. ....do... O 00 mo. . . . O O O O O ....do.... 18 102 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Rates of wages in Manila, April and May, 1900--Continued. Occupations. Nation- ality. Hours per day. Rate of wages. Occupations. Nation- ality. Hours per day. Rate of wages. ....do.... 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...do ... ..do .... 00 00 00 00 00 ....do 00 00 00 00 00 . ..do... . 00 00 00 00 00 00 000000000 Hat and parasol fac- Iron foundry (4 estab- tory (1 establishment). lishments) -Cont'd. Master, hat depart- White ... 8 $100.00 mo. Polishers.. Native... 8 $15.00 mo. ment. Chinese .10 a 9.00 mo. Master, parasol de- ....do .... 875.00 mo. Workmen... .do... 25 day. partment. Native... 12.50 mo. Apprentices.. Native . 4.00 mo. .do .... 11.00 mo. Engineer White ... 50.00 mo. ....do.... 7.50 mo. Workmen.. ....do .... 40.00 mo. Chinese - 8 7.50 mo. ....do .... 30.00 mo. a 7.50 mo. Native... 22.50 mo. ....do .... 6.00 mo. ....do .... 19.00 mo. Iron works (14 estab- 15.00 mo. lishments). Workwomen. 22.50 mo. 15.00 mo. Masters ..... Chinese . 10 a 1.00 day. 10.00 mo. Apprentices (chil.....do .... 4.07; day. ....do .... 7.50 mo. dren) Blacksmiths ..... do... *.50 day. Hat factory (7 estab- Blacksmiths' helpers. 1.37; day. lishments). Workmen ........... *. 25 day. Masters White .. 8 40.00 mo. Native.. 8 30.00 mo. Machine shop (1 estab- ....do... 25.00 mo. lishment). Workmen.... .50 day. Master .... Native... 1.50 day. ....do... . 37 day. .25 day. | Workmen...... ....do.... .75 day. ..do... .50 day. ....do .... 15.00 mo. .37) day. ....do .... 10.00 mo. ....do .... . 25 day. do 8.00 mo. ....do .... 7.50 mo. Marble works (2 estab- do 6.00 mo. lishments). 5.00 mo. Masters White ... 1.50 day. Workwoman... 4.00 mo. do 10.00 mo. Workmen ...... Native... . 75 day. Horseshoeing (5 estab- ....do.... .371 day. lishments). ....do .... 15.00 mo. Masters .. Native... 1.00 day. ....do .... 10.00 mo. Workmen... ....do.... .50 day. ....do .... .371 day. Millinery (3 establish- ....do .... .25 day. ments). [All females.] Ice factory (2 estab- Mistresses... White ... 10 4.00 day. lishments). Native... 10 2.00 day. Masters ..... 8 100.00 mo. Apprentices...... ....do .... . 10 day. Engineers...... ....do .... 862. 50 mo. Workwomen.. .50 day. Engineers, assistant.. Native... 830.00 mo. .25 day. Workmen. Chinese 8 .25 day. Perfume factory (1 es- Native... 8 | 15.00 mo. tablishment). .do... 8 | 11.00 mo. 8 9.00 mo. Master... White ... 50.00 mo. ....do.... 7.50 mo. Workmen..... Native... .50 day. Workwomen... ....do ... . 25 day. Iron foundry (4 estab- lishments). Printing (10 establish- Masters White ... 875.00 mo. ments). Native... 8 50.00 mo. Master .. White. 30.00 mo. Chinese . 10 a 15. 00 mo. Apprentices... Native. . 123 day. Apprentices.. ...do .... 8 10 day. .do.... .10 day. Native... 8 3.00 mo. Compositors ..... ....do... 1.00 day. Blacksmiths.. Chinese . 8 .371 day. ....do... .75 day. Native... 815.00 mo. .62 day. Chinese . 10 a 15. 00 mo. .50 day. Blacksmiths' helpers. Native... 8 | 10.00 mo. .374 day. Chinese. 10 a 9.00 mo. .25 day. Native... 8 7.50 mo. ....do .... . 12; day. Engineers.... White ... 840.00 mo. ....do.... 17.50 mo. Native... 8 1 30.00 mo. ....do.... 15.00 mo. Filers. ....do.... 8 | 15.00 mo. ....do .... 12.50 mo. Chinese . 10 * 7.50 mo. ....do.... 11.00 mo. Ladlers. ....do .... 8 .371 day. 9.00 mo. 11.00 mo. ....do 6.00 mo. ....do.... 10 11.00 mo. Engineers.. ....do. 1.00 day. Molders.... ....do.... 8 | 25 day. .75 day. Native... 8 12.50 mo. White 62.50 mo. ...do.... 8 | 10.00 mo. ....do. 50.00 mo. Chinese. 8 | 10.00 mo. ....do. 40.00 mo. ...do .... 10 - 10.00 mo. | Workmen. | Native...) .37} day. * Also 3 meals and room. • Females. အ ထ က တ White .. ..do. ....do... ...do ... 00 00 O O OD O ..do ... တ ထ ထ ထ ထ ထ ထ ထ ထ ထ က ထ တ ထ တ တ တ တ တ တ တ . . ....do ... ....do... . . ....do 81 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 103 Rates of wages in Manila, April and May, 1900-Continued. Occupations. Nation- ality. Hours per day. Rate of wages. Occupations. Nation- ality. Hours per day. Rate of wages. Native... White ... Native... ....do.... ....do... ....do.. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 $1.00 day. 50.00 mo. 30.00 mo. .25 day. 1.00 day. .75 day. .50 day. .37 day. .25 day. 22.50 mo. 15.00 mo. ....do... ....do ....do. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 JUOOOOOOOOO 00000-5000 Native... Chinese . 10 White... Chinese ...75 day. *.50 day. 62.50 mo. 4.10 day. 10 0 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 .do .... White .. Native... Chinese. 10 Native... Chinese ...do .... .do .... Native.. ...do. *. 071 day. 30.00 mo. .374 day. *.37, day. .25 day. *. 25 day. *.15 day. *. 12day. 15.00 mo. 10.00 mo. 7.50 mo. 6.00 mo. .do .do do ...do Printing (10 establish- Silversmiths (29 estab- ments) --Cont'd. lishments)-Cont'd. Workmen..... Native... 8 $20.00 mo. Masters ........ ....do .... 8 18.00 mo. ....do.... 8 17.50 mo. ....do .. 15.00 mo. Apprentice .... ...do 7.50 mo. Workmen...... Masters .. White ... 8 150.00 mo. Apprentices... Native... 2.00 mo. Compositors.. 22.50 mo. 15.00 mo. 10.00 mo. 7.50 mo. Engineer 45.00 mo. Soap factory (29 estab- Foremen... 45.00 mo. lishments). Workmen. 30.00 mo. 25.00 mo. Masters 15.00 mo. ...do .... 7.50 mo. ....do.. 6.00 mo. Apprentices (chil- ....do .... 4.00 mo. dren). Shirt factory (7 estab- Foreman.. lishments). Workmen... Masters White ... 8 1.00 day. Native... 22.50 mo. ....do .... 20.00 mo. ....do .. 17.50 mo. Workmen... ....do. .50 day. ....do .... 15.00 mo. 12.50 mo. 10.00 mo. .do 9.00 mo. 6.00 mo. Workwomen...... do 25 day. Steam sawmill (1 es- 7.50 mo. tablishment). ...do .. 6.00 mo. Master .. .do. 5.00 mo. Engineer ...... Workwomen (chil- . 10 day. Workmen. dren). Shoe factory (31 estab- lishments). Masters White... 8 1.50 day. Steel engraving (2 €8- Native.. 1.00 day. tablishments). ....do ... .75 day. || Masters ..... Chinese . 10 .50 day. Workmen...... ....do .... 10 – 15.00 mo. Apprentices..... ....do....10 4.10 day. Sugar refinery (1 08- ....do.... 10 * 2.00 mo. tablishment). Apprentices (chil ....do.... #. 10 day. || Master dren). *.07 day. ...do .... Engineer Workmen.... ....do .... 10 a 2.00 mo. Workmen Native... .50 day. Chinese a. 40 day, Native... .371 day. Chinese . 10 .871 day. || Tailor shop (97 estab- ...do .... 10 2.35 day. lishments). ...do.... 10 4.30 day. Natiye... 8 . 25 day. Masters ..... Chinese .10 2.25 day. ....do .... 10 4.20 day. ....do.... 10 *. 18day. .do ... 4.121 day. do.. 10 - 10.00 mo. do. | -9.00 mo. do.. | *8.00 mo. a 7.50 mo. ....do.... | 10 -6.00 mo. Apprentices... ....do .... 10 25.00 mo. ....do.... 10 | 24.50 mo. ...do .... 10 *4.00 mo. 10 | *3.00 mo. Apprentices (chil- Workwomen... dren). *3.00 mo. ......do.... Silversmiths (29 estab- lishments). Workmen. Masters .. Native.. 2.00 day. ....do.... 8 1.50 day. a Also 3 meals and room. White... Native... White... Native... ..do .... ...do.... 00 00 00 00 00 75.00 mo. 30.00 mo. 30.00 mo. 15.00 mo. 10.00 mo. 7.50 mo. OOO OC Native... ....do.... 1.00 day. .50 day. White ... ..do ... Native... ....do.... ....do .... Chinese O COCO 75.00 mo. 62.50 mo. 30.00 mo. 15.00 mo. 9.00 mo. 7.50 mo. 8 Chinese . 10 White ... Native... White ... Native... ....do .... ....do .... 9*** 30 000 *.50 day. 50.00 mo. 50.00 mo. 40.00 mo. 30.00 mo. 22.50 mo. 20.00 mo. 17.50 mo. 15.00 mo. 15.00 mo. 3.00 mo. 3.00 mo. 2.00 mo. . 12 day. "...do 10 I....do Chinese . Native... ...do.... ....do ... ....do .... 0 0 . . ..do .... ...do .... Chinese. 10 Native... 8 .do....! ....do .... 3.00 mo. 2.00 mo. $2.00 mo. .50 day. .871 day. 25 day. 104 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Rates of wages in Manila, April and May, 1900—Continued. Occupations. Nation- ality. Hours per day. Rate of wages. Occupations. Nation- ality. Hours per day. Rate of wages. Tailor shop (97 estab- lishments)-Cont'd. Workmen.. Tin shop (24 establish- ments)-Cont'a. Apprentices (chil- dren). Workmen..... | Chinese Chinese . 10 Native... 8 White Native a $2.00 mo. 000000 do. ....do .... 10 Native... ....do.... ....do .... ....do .... ....do.... Chinese . Native... Chinese . Native... 8 Chinese . 10 ....do.... 10 ....do .... 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 1.50 mo. .75 day. 20.00 mo. 15.00 mo. 12.50 mo. 10.00 mo. 9.00 mo. a 9.00 mo. 8.00 mo. a 7.50 mo. 6.00 mo. 16.00 mo. * 5.00 mo. a 4.00 mo. 8 ....do... ....do.... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ...do.... ....do. ....do ... ....do.... .... do .... ....do.... .... do .... ) ... Chinese. Native... ....do .... (1) Chinese. Native... $0.25 day. .12, day. 22.50 mo. 22.50 mo. 20.00 mo. 17.50 mo. 15.00 mo. 12.50 mo. 11.00 mo. 10.00 mo. 9.00 mo. 8.00 mo, 7.50 mo. 7.00 mo. 6. 00 mo. 5.00 mo. 4.00 mo. .25 day. .25 day. . 15 day. 4. 15 day. .121 day. . 123 day. *. 12, day. . 10 day. . 10 day. .071 day. 12.50 mo. 7.50 mo. 6.00 mo. 5.00 mo. 4.00 mo. 3.00 mo. Wor women.. 00 00 Undertakers (3 estab- lishments). Masters .. Coachmen.. 10 Native... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do.... ....do .... 00 00 00 00 00 00 1.50 day. .75 day. .50 day. .37 day. . 25 day. .25 day. 00 Workmen ........... ....do . ....do .... .... do ... ....do.... ....do .... ....do.... ....do... OOOOOOO 00 00 00 00 Watch making (6 estab- lishments). Masters ....... Native... White ... ....do .... ....do .... Native... ....do.... ....do.... 1.00 day. 8 40.00 mo. 8 40.00 mo. 8 8 30.00 mo. 8 25 day. 8 50 day. 15.00 mo. Apprentice...... Workmen ........ Tin shop (24 establish- ments). Masters ..... OO OO OO OO White ... 8 2.00 day. Native... 8 | 30.00 mo. Chinese. 10 a 15.00 mo. ....do .... 10 a 12.50 mo. ....do.... 10 a 10.00 mo. Native... 4.00 mo. Chinese | * 3.00 mo. ..do ... 10 a 2.00 mo. Wood, bone, and horn engraving (4 estab- lishments). Masters ... Apprentices. Chinese . ..do .... 8 10 Workmen.... *.50 day. 2.50 day. *. 25 day. a. 25 day. do .do... * Also 3 meals and room. b Not reported. • Also meal. THE PRESS IN THE PHILIPPINES. The Philippine press is divided into daily, weekly, or monthly issues, classified as follows: The American insular press, represented by several daily newspapers, the MANILA TIMES, the MANILA FREEDOM, and the NEW AMERICAN, printed in the English language. The Span- ish Philippine press, having in common the language in which they are printed, but differing in political views and affiliations, accord- ing to the interests and views advocated. The following are the most important publications: LA DEMOCRACIA, the organ of the Federal party. EL COMERCIO, Spanish independent, a mercantile and news bulletin. It is the oldest newspaper in the Manila press. EL RENACIMIENTO, EL PROGRESO, Spanish EL NOTICIERO DE MANILA, Spanish. EL DIARIO DE FILIPINAS, the organ of the conservative party. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 105 LA FRATERNIDAD, Filipino. EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO, Filipino, printed in Spanish and Tagalo. LIBERTAS, the organ of the religious orders. All the foregoing are printed in Manila. Outside of the capital, two papers are issued in Cebú, El Nuevo Día and EL PUEBLO, and two or three others in Iloilo. There are also weekly or monthly publications. Several educa- tional institutions and associations publish their leaflets or bulletins periodically. The first newspaper in the Philippines was established in 1811. In 1834 the publication of LA GUÍA DE FORASTEROS, with interesting notices, supplemented the efforts of the Government to promote enter- prise in the exploitation of the valuable mineral, lumber and other industries of the islands. In 1852 the Official Bulletin of the Philippine Islands was established under the auspices of the provincial government. It may be said that the introduction of the printing press, although not the newspaper branch of that important industry, took place in the archipelago some years prior to its establishment in the colonies of North America. The voluminous literature of the Philippine Islands in many lan- guages will be found fully described, with selected list of authorities, under the head “Philippine Bibliography.” CUSTOMS SERVICE, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. [Ports of entry and ports for coastwise trade only-classification of ports.] ENTRY PORT; a port at which a custom-house is located, a collector of customs is in charge, and duties are collected. OPEN PORT; same as a port of entry. INTERIOR PORT; one at which an inspector of customs has been assigned to duty, but at which no duties are collected. LOCAL PORT; same as interior port. EQUIPPED PORT; either an entry or interior port, or any port at which a customs official has been assigned to duty. UNEQUIPPED PORT; one at which no customs official has been assigned to duty, at which no duties are collected, and at which no vessels are permitted to enter except' by order of the military governor or dis- trict commander. In this list the only ports referred to are entry and interior ports. PORTS OF ENTRY. MANILA, Luzón, August 20, 1898. ILOILO, Panay, February 22, 1899. CEBÚ, Cebu, March 14, 1899. JOLÓ (SULU),a Sulu Archipelago, December 26, 1899. SIASI,“ Sulu Archipelago, December 26, 1899. Discontinued April 30, 1902. Subport of Sulu. ZAMBOANGA, a Mindanao, December 26, 1899. APARRI, Cagayán, Luzón, Manila collection district, April 30, 1902, acting collector. The six above-mentioned ports represented all of the entry ports in the Philippine Islands April 30, 1902. The island of Guam is not considered in the Philippine service, as said port has never made any report to the Secretary of War. a No transactions are reported previous to January 1, 1900. 106 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Philippine ports for coasting trade only. [On January 1, 1902, in addition to the 6 entry ports named 109 were interior ports, "for coastwise trade only."] Name of port. Province. Island. When opened. Collection districts. Luzón ... Cebú ... Cebu ..... Cebu ..... Do. Do. Cebu .. Agno... Zambales.. Nov. 8, 1900 Manila. Albay...... Albay ... .do Jan. 27, 1900 Argao...... Cebu .. Nov. 4, 1900 Cebu. Atimonan.. Tayabas.. ....do.. June 10, 1900 Manila. Aparri b. Cagayán.. ....do.. Jan. Do 1, 1900 Cebú Nov. 4, 1900 Argao. Cebú. Negros Occidental.. Negros... Nov., Bacolod. 1900 Iloilo. Balamban ... Cebú. Cebú ....... Feb. 4, 1900 Cebú. Balayána .... Batangas... Luzón ...... June 1, 1900 Manila. Basilan I.. zamboarga.. Mindanao.. Dec. 26, 1899 Zamboanga. Batangasa. Batangas ...... Luzón ........ Feb. 1, 1900 Manila. Baybay .. Leyte..... Leyte.......... Feb. 22, 1900 Cebú. Birac... Catanduanes Catanduanes.... See Virac.... Boac ........ Marinduque Marinduque.... June 1, 1900 Manila. Bogo........ Cebu ........ .....do...... Cebú. Bolinao .... Zambales.... Luzón.. Apr. 7, 1900 Manila. Bongao.. Tawi-Tawi .. Sulu Archipelago... Mar. 13, 1900 Zamboanga. Bulan... Sorsogon .. Luzón... Jan. 30, 1900 Manila. Butúan .... Surigao..... Mindanao ........ Apr. 6, 1901 Zamboanga. Cabangan.. Zambales.. Luzón. Dec. 24, 1900 | Manila. • Babalian.. Leyte. Leyte........ Aug. 20, 1901 Cebú. Cagayán. Misamis .. Mindanao... Apr. 3, 1900 Zamboanga. Calbảyoca. Sámar Jan. 30, 1900 Cebú. Calivo ... Cápiz Panay..... Mar. 1, 1900 Iloilo. Ilocos Sur Candon ..... Luzón.. Jan. 1, 1900 Manila. Cápiz ... Cápiz... Panay .. Jan. 11, 1900 | Iloilo. Cárcar .... Cebú. Cebu ...... Feb. 1, 1900 Cebú. Carigara-Barugo (Two ports Leyte....... Mar. 5,1900 Carigara ... Leyte..... .....do ...... .....do ....... Do. Catbalogan Sámar......... Jan. 30, 1900 Cavite Cavite.... Luzón ......... Mar. 16, 1899 Cotabato Cotabato ... Mindanao ..... | Jan. 12, 1900 | Zamboanga. Culión Calamianes.. Calamianes. June 9, 1901 | Palawan. Currimao. Ilocos Norte.. Luzón...... Oct. 17, 1900 Manila. Cuyo.......... Cuyo ..... Cuyos group ..... June 9, 1901 Palawan. Daet ......... Ambos Camarines.. Luzón ...... Apr. 10, 1900 Manila. Dagupan.... Pangasinan ... ....do....... Jan. 1, 1900 Do. Dalaguete.. Cebu ........ May 15, 1901 Cebú. Danao .. .....do .... ...do...... Feb. 14, 1900 Dapitan.... Dapitan .. Mindanao... Apr. 3,1900 Zamboanga. Dávao..... Dávao .... ....do. Jan. 12, 1900 Do. Donsol .... Sorsogón. Luzón Jan. 30, 1900 Manila. Dumaguete .. Negros Oriental Negros June 15, 1900 Iloilo. Dumanjug. Cebú.. Cebú Mar. 12, 1900 Cebú. Estancia. Panay ....., Feb. 17, 1902 | Iloilo. Marinduque.. Marinduque.. May 16, 1901 Manila. Sorsogon .. Luzón Feb. 14, 1900 Do. Guiuana ..... Sámar...... Dec. 24, 1900 Cebú. Guinayangan Tayabas... Luzón ...... Oct. 22, 1900 Manila. Guindulmana Bohol .. Bohol ..... June 22, 1900 | Cebú. "Hinunangan. Leyte... Leyte... Aug. 20, 1901 Iba.......... Zambales. Luzón Feb. 1, 1900 Manila. Ibajay. Cápiz. June 19, 1900 Iloilo. Iligan... Misamis. Mindanao. Apr. 3, 1900 Zamboanga. Inabanga Bohol .. Bohol June 22, 1900 Cebú. Isabela. Basilan... Basilan.. Apr. 1, 1900 Zamboanga. Jagna a.. Bohol .... Bohol ...... Apr. 5, 1900 Cebú. Jimamaylan Negros Occidental.. Negros .... Feb. 17, 1902 Iloilo. Jiménez.... Misamis.. Mindanao.. Jan. 3, 1901 | Zamboanga. Laoag... Ilocos Norte ..... Luzón..... Jan. 1, 1900 | Manila. Lagúan .. Samar. Feb. 20, 1900 Cebú. Legaspi Albay .... Luzón. Jan. 30, 1900 | Manila. Lemery a Batangas, Feb. 20, 1900 Loboo Nov. 16, 1900 Do. Lucap... Zambales.. ....do. Jan. 14, 1901 Do. Lucena Tayabas... ........do... May 22, 1900 Do. Maasin. Leyte. July 7, 1900 Cebú. - Malitbog ....do ............. ..do .. Aug. 20, 1901 Leyte. Masinloc. Zambales.. Luzón ..... Apr. 7, 1900 | Manila. Mati.. Dávao... Mindanao Mar. 13, 1900 | Zamboanga. Matnog Sorsogon .......... Apr. 4, 1901 Manila. Maubán... Tayabas............ .do ..... 1 Apr. 10, 1900 Do. * By act of the Philippine Commission July 17, 1901, the provinces of Batangas, Bohol, and Cebú were restored to military government. On January 1, 1902, Cebú, and on April 7, 1902, Bohol, ports were restored to coastwise trade. Under General Orders 372, Division of the Philippines, Manila, Series 1901 (December 3), ports in Batangas and Laguna were closed to trade on December 10 until further orders. May 1, 1902, ports of Batangas and Laguna, Luzon, and island of Mindoro opened for resump- tion of trade. The ports of Sámar were also closed on account of military operations in that island. Reopened May, 1902. Port of entry April 30, 1902. e Opened February 2, 1900. Closed June 10, 1900. Reopened as above. Iloilo ..... Gasán..... Gmbat.... Do. Panay ..... do Do. ....do .do. Leyte..... GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 107 Philippine ports for coasting trade only-Continued. Name of port. Province. Island. When opened. Collection districts. Apr. 3, 1900 Zamboanga. Feb. 4, 1900 Cebû. Dec. 17, 1900 Manila. Feb. 28, 1900 Do. Nov. 27, 1900 Do. Jan. 1, 1900 Do. Aug. 17, 1900 Zamboanga. Feb. 22, 1900 Cebú. June 1, 1900 Iloilo. Feb. 21, 1901 Manila. July 7, 19001 Cebu. Feb. 28, 1900 Manila. Dec. 6, 1900 Zamboanga. June 9, 1901 Palawan. Jan, 10, 1900 Iloilo. Aug. 6, 1900 Manila. May 2, 1901 Feb. 17, 1902 | Iloilo. June 1, 1900 Do. Jan. 1, 1900 May 2, 1901 Do. Feb. 1, 1900 Do. Jan. 26. 1900 Do. July 14, 1900 Do. Feb. 1, 1900 Iloilo. Do. Unión....... .....do Misamis... Misamis .. Mindanao. Naga............... Cebu ............... Cebu .......... Nasugbú ... Batangas ...... Luzon Nueva Cáceres. Ambos Camarines.. .....do ......... Olongapó .. Zambales. .....do ...... Orani. Bataan ...... ....do...... Oroquieta... Misamis ..... Mindanao. Ormoc. Leyte... Leyte. Palánog.. Masbate .. Masbate ... Palauig Zambales.. Luzón...... Palompon..... Leyte........ Leyte...... Pasacao........ Ambos Camarii nes.. Luzón........ Polloc.......... Cotabato .... Mindanao.. Puerto Princesa Palawan ... Palawan Romblon .... Romblon... Romblon.. Salomague..... Ilocos Norte.. Luzon San Antonio .. Zambales...... .....do..... San Carlos ..... Negros Occidental. Negros.. San Felipe . ....do........ Luzón. San Fernando San Narciso... Zambales..... ..do. Santa Cruz............ ......do....... ....do......... ... Santa Cruz de Napo.. Marinduque. Marinduque. San José de Lagonoy. Ambos Camarines.. Luzón..... San José de Buena Antique.. Panay Vista. Sibonga ... Cebu ............... Cebu Silay .... Negros Occidental.. Negros Sorsogón. Sorsogon Luzón. Sual. Pangasinan ....do.. Súbig ..... Zambales. Surigao... Surigao..... Mindanao. Taala ...... Batangas .. Luzón ........... Tabaco..... Albay ..... .....do ....... Tacloban ... Leyte.... Leyte........ Tagbilaran... Bohol .. Bohol ....... Torrijos.. Marinduque. Marinduque. Tubigóna ... Bohol ... Bohol ... Úbaya ....do ... Vigan.... Ilocos Sur.... Luzón. Virac (Birac) Catanduanes Catanduanes Do. ....do Feb. 4, 1900 Cebú. June 1, 1900 Iloilo. Jan. 30, 1900 Manila. Apr. 7, 1900 Do. Feb. 1, 1900 Do. Apr. 3, 1900 Zamboanga. Feb. 1, 1900 Manila. Feb. 14, 1900 Do. Jan. 30, 1900 Cebu, Mar. 22, 1900 Do. May 16, 1901 Manila. Apr. 5, 1900 Cebu. June 22,1900 Do. Jan. 1, 1900 Manila. Jan. 30, 1900 Do. ....do List of ports of entry and ports open to coastwise trade only, by collection districts, in the Philippine Islands. [Ports of entry and collection: Cebú, embracing the islands of Cebú, Leyte, Sámar, and Bohol; Iloilo, embracing the islands of Negros, Panay, Masbate, and Romblon; Manila, embracing the islands of Luzón, Marinduque, Catanduanes; Palawan, embracing the islands of the Calamianes, Cuyos, and Palawan; Zamboanga, embracing the islands of Basilan, Mindanao, and Sulu Archipelago, except Sulu and Siasi ports of entry.] Name of port. Province. Island. When opened .....do... Cebú ... CEBÚ. Argao ....... Cebu ....... Cebú ... Nov. 4, 1900 Balambán .. ..do ..... Feb. 4.1900 Baybay Leyte....... ..Leyte.... Feb. 22, 1900 Bogó ... Cebu ....... Cebu .... June 1, 1900 Cabalían. Leyte...... Leyte...... Aug. 20, 1901 Calbayoga.... Samar... Jan. 30, 1900 Cárcar.......... Cebú. | Feb. 1, 1900 Carigara-Bąrugo Two ports Leyte. Mar. 5, 1900 Catbalogan. Sámar. Jan. 30, 1900 Dalaguete.. Cebu . Cebú ... May 15, 1901 Danao.... .....do.. .....do.. Feb. 14, 1900 Dumanjug .. ......do .. Mar. 12, 1900 Guiuans.... ..Sámar.. Dec. 24, 1900 Guindulman Bohol.. Bohol. June 22, 1900 Hinunangan. Leyte... | Leyte... Aug. 20, 1901 Inabangaa.. Bohol .. June 22, 1900 Jagná... Apr. 5, 1900 .do. Lagúana. Samar. Feb. 20, 1900 Maasin | Leyte.. Leyte.. July 7, 1900 Malitbogb .. .........do ........... Aug. 20, 1901 Naga ... Cebu .. ........... Cebu ... Feb. 4, 1900 Closed until further orders. See footnote (*), p. 106. May 1, 1902, ports of Batangas and Laguna, Luzón, and island of Mindoro opened for resumption of trade. Ports of Sámar were reopened May, 1902. This port opened February 12, 1900. Closed June 10, 1900. Reopened as above. .....do. Bohol ...do *** ..........do. 108 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. List of ports of entry and ports open to coastwise trade only, etc.-Continued. Name of port. Province. Island. When opened. Leyte.. .....do. .....do Ormoc..... Palompón.... Sibonga .... Tacloban... Tagbilaran. Tubigóna... Leyte.. Cebú. Leyte. Bohol. ..do.. .....do ...... Cebú. Leyte. Bohol ....... ...do ....... .....do ......... Feb. 22, 1900 July 7, 1900 Feb. 4, 1900 Jan. 30, 1900 Mar. 22, 1900 Apr. 5,1900 June 22, 1900 Úbay Negros .. Panay. ..do ILOILO. Bacolod. Calivo... Cápiz. Dumaguete. Estancia... Ibajay ... Jimamaylan. Palánog. Romblon.. San Carlos... San José de Buenavista Silay ..... Negros Occidental ... Cápiz... .....do ......... Negros Oriental .. Iloilo ....... Cápiz...... Negros Occidental... Masbate .... Romblon ..... Negros Occidental.... Antique. Negros Occidental ... Negros Panay... ....do ....... Negros ...... Masbate.... Romblon... Negros ..... Panay .... Negros .... Nov., 1900 Mar. 1, 1900 ..Jan. 11, 1900 June 15, 1900 Feb. 17, 1902 June 19, 1900 Feb. 17, 1902 June 1, 1900 Jan. 10, 1900 Feb. 17, 1902 Feb. 1,1900 June 1, 1900 MANILA. ..do .. ...do . .....do do.... Agno.......... ..... Albay ............... Atimonan... Aparri (port of entry April 30, 1902). Balayán a Batangas Boac ..... Bolinao. Bulan... Cabangan. Candón..... Cavite.... Currimao... Diet. Dagupan .... Donsol.. Gasán Gubat Guinayangan Iba ... Laoag .. Legaspi. Lemery, Loboóa.... Lucap....... Lucena.. Masinloc ... Matnog. Maubán .... Nasugbúa Nueva Cáceres Olongapó.. Orani.. Palauig...... Pasacao .... Salomague ...... San Antonio..... San Felipe...... San Fernando... San Narciso. Santa Cruz ... Santa Cruz de Napo.. San José de Lagonoy. Sorsogon. Sual. Súbig.. Taala.... Tabaco ... Torrijos ... Vigan.. Virac (Birac). Zambales... Luzón Nov. 8, 1900 Albay ........ .do. Jan. 27, 1900 Tayabas. June 10, 1900 Cagayán.... Jan. 1, 1900 Batangas .. June 1, 1900 ....do. Feb. 1, 1900 Marinduque. Marinduqu June 1, 1900 Zambales Luzon Apr. 7, 1900 Sorsogon .. Jan. 30, 1900 Zambales .... Dec. 24, 1900 Ilocos Sur .... Jan. 1, 1900 Cavite....... Mar. 16, 1899 Ilocos Norte .. Oct. 17, 1900 Ambos Camarines. Apr. 10, 1900 Pangasinan..... do ....... Jan. 1, 1900 Sorsogon .... Jan. 30, 1900 Marinduque.. Marinduque May 16, 1901 Sorsogon Luzón. Feb. 14, 1900 Tayabas... Oct. 22, 1900 Zambales ..... Feb. 1, 1900 Ilocos Norte .. Jan. 1, 1900 Albay ........ Jan. 30, 1900 Batangas .... Feb. 20, 1900 ....do ...... Nov. 16, 1900 Zambales.. | Jan. 14, 1901 Tayabas May 22, 1900 Zambales Apr. 7, 1900 Sorsogón.... Apr. 4, 1901 Tayabas ....... Apr. 10, 1900 Batangas ...... Dec. 17, 1900 Ambos Camarines. Feb. 28, 1900 Zambales ... Nov. 27, 1900 Bataan ....... Jan. 1, 1900 Zambales ... Feb. 21, 1900 Ambos Camarines. Feb. 28, 1900 Ilocos Norte Aug. 6, 1900 Zambales. May 2, 1901 .do June 1, 1900 ....do. Jan. 1, 1900 Zambales...... .....do ....... May 2, 1901 .....do .............. Feb. 1, 1900 . Marinduque.... Marinduque....... Jan. 26, 1900 | Ambos Camarines Luzón July 14, 1900 Sorsogón .. ....do . | Jan. 30, 1900 Pangasinan ..do . Apr. 7, 1900 Zambalas. ............do.... Feb. ..... 1, 1900 Batangas het Do. .....do .. Feb. 14, 1900 Marinduque. Marinduque........ May 16, 1901 Ilocos Sur... Luzón ................ | June 1, 1900 Albay ...... Catanduanes ......... Jan. 30, 1900 dooooooo SO999. COCOOOOO OOOOOOOOooo .do . • Union ......... . . . . .do. Albay ...... PALAWAN. Culión.... Cuyo ....: Puerto Princesa .. | June 9.1901 Do. Calamianes.. Calamianes. Cuyo ..... Cuyos group. Palawan ..] Palawan * See footnote, p. 106. Do. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 109 List of ports of entry and ports open to coastwise trade only, etc.-Continued. Name of port. Province. Island. When opened. ZAMBOANGA. Bongao... Butúan.. Cagayan Cotabato. Dapitan Dávao Iligan ..... Isabela de Bas Jiménez ............... Mati.... Misamis .... Oroquieta Polloc ...... Surigao... Tawi-Tawi Surigao... Misamis .. Cotabato Dapitan Dávao.. Misamis Basilan. Misamis ...... Dávao ...... Misamis ..... ....do....... Cotabato .... Surigao... .....do Sulu Archipelago.... Mar. 13. 1900 Mindanao | Apr. 6, 1901 ....do .... Apr. 3, 1900 ...do .. Jan. 12, 1900 ...do. Apr. 3, 1900 ..do Jan. 12, 1900 Apr. 3, 1900 Basilan Apr. 1, 1900 Mindanao.. Jan. 3, 1901 .....do.... Mar. 13, 1900 .....do .... Apr. 3, 1900 ...do... Aug. 17, 1900 .do .... Dec. 6, 1900 .....do. Apr. 3, 1900 LIGHT-HOUSES. The Light-House service of the islands is under the jurisdiction of the United States naval officer performing duties for the insular gov- ernment as captain of the port of Manila and chief of the bureau of coast guard and transportation. Appropriations for the maintenance and repair of these light-houses are made from the insular treasury. The number and class of lights is being extended to keep pace with the expansion of maritime and interisland intercourse. LOCATION OF LIGHTS AND WATERS LIGHTED. [For technical description see island or province of location.] BALÁBAC ISLAND; on the point S. side of entrance to Calandorang Bay, for vessels entering or leaving the Sulu Sea by Balábac Strait. One fixed light. Cape Melville, on the hill near and NW. of the cape S. end of Balábac Island, for vessels passing between the China and Sulu seas by Balábac Strait, between the island of that name and Borneo. Light, 1 flash every 20 seconds. BURIAS ISLAND: Busuanga Port, Piedras Point, NE. coast of Burias Island, lighting entrance to Ragay Gulf, S. coast of Luzon, between Ambos Camarines and Tayabas. Light, fixed blue. Busin Islet, off the N. coast of Burias Island, at W. entrance to Port Busín, and lights the channel between Burias Island and S. point of Tayabas province, between Ragay Gulf and Mindoro Sea. Light, 1 fixed. Colorado Point, NW. coast Burias Island, lighting channel between Burias and Tayabas, Luzon, and the channel between Ragay Gulf and Mindoro Sea. Light, 1 fixed. Engaño Mouth, SE. coast of Burias Island, lighting approach to San Bernardino Strait to the E. and toward the Verde Passage to the w. Light, 1 fixed. Malaquing-Ilog, S. end of Burias Island, lighting the approach to San Bernardino Strait on the E. Light, 1 fixed blue. CABRA ISLAND, about 656 yds. from the sea, near the W. point of the island, off the NW. point of Lúbang Island. It is the outer light of approach to Manila Bay from the SW., and the light to the W. end of Verde Passage between Luzon and Mindoro and connecting the China and Mindoro seas. Light, 1 flash; every minute shows 2 flashes, each of 8 seconds' duration, separated by an interval of 7 seconds, the group being separated by an interval of 37 seconds. CAPUL ISLAND, on the N. point of the island of that name, 165 yds. from its extrem- ity. It lights the W. entrance to San Bernardino Strait between Samar and Luzon, and the S. route from the Pacific Ocean across Mindoro Sea to Manila, via the Verde Passage. Light, 1 fixed. CEBÚ ISLAND: Bagácai Point, E. side of Cebú Island, lighting the NE. entrance to the port of Cebú between Mactan Island and the mainland. Light, 1 fixed. Cebu port, on Mactan Island. Light, 1 fixed red. Cebu port, San Nicolás Church tower, 60 ft. high. Light, 1 fixed. Cebú port, on Port Cebú, at the SE. salient of the fort (San Pedro). Light, 1 fixed red. Lanis Point, approach to Cebú port, 36 ft. above the water. Light, 1 fixed green. Lapata Bank, at the entrance to Port Cebu, 42 ft. above the sea. Light, 1 fixed red. 6. on the N: W. entran the Pacific 110 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. bays 30 secon 328 yds Nash er in the LEYTE ISLAND: Canduai (Canamay) Islet, S. side of Janabatás Channel, W. entrance between Sámar and Leyte, and connecting Carigara Bay, on the Visayan Sea, with San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, on the Pacific side. Light, 1 fixed red. Tacloban, on Panirugan Point, E. coast, entering Juanico Strait from San Pedro Bay SE. Light, 1 fixed red. LUZÓN ISLAND: Aparri, NW. from and at the mouth of the Grande de Cagayán River, about 278 yds. from the sea, 1,684 yds. from the l. bank of the river, on the N. coast of Luzón, between Engaño Cape on the E. and Bojeador Cape on the W. Light, 1 flash every second. Bojeador Cape, on the summit of a hill 1,750 yds. E. of the NW. extreme of the cape at the extreme NW. point of Luzon. It is the most W. of the lights on the N. coast of the „sland, and in the approach of vessels from the China coast on the NW. Light, 1 flash every minute. Capones Grande, 328 yds. within the W. extremity of the island. Light, 1 flash every 30 seconds; ec ipse total. Lights the approach to Súbig and Manila bays from the NW. Dagupan, S. shore of Lingayen Gulf, Pangasinan Province, NE. side of Dagupan River, entrance on Point Guecet. Light, 1 fixed red. Lights the approach to Dagupan, the N. terminus of the Manila and Dagupan Railroad. Engaño Cape, on the extreme N. point of Palaui Island, on the summit of a hill at the northeasternmost point which forms the cape. Light, 1 flash every 30 seconds; 2 flashes in succession. It lights the approach from the Pacific to the extreme NE. point of Luzon, and the channel between the Babuyanes Islands and the mainland. It is the easternmost of the lights on the N. coast of Luzon. Malabrigo Point, on the S. coast of Batangas, on the N. shore of the Verde Pas- sage separating Luzón from Mindoro, on the steamer route between that pas- sage and San Bernardino Strait, the S. route between the Pacific Ocean and the China Sea on the voyage from the United States to Manila. Light, 1 flash white and red; 1 red and 2 white flashes every 20 seconds; time between white flashes, 3 seconds; from white to red flash, 8 seconds; from red to white flasn, 9 seconds. MANILA BAY: Caballo Island, lighting the S. channel of entrance to Manila Bay between Cavite and Corregidor. Light, 1 fixed. Corregidor Island, on the highest part, and lighting the approach to the bay from the China Sea. Light, 1 flash white and red; alternate flashes every 10 sec- onds separated by total eclipses. - Corregidor Island, W. mole head. Light, 1 fixed. Manila, on the battery S. side of quay, mouth of Pasig River. Light, 2 fixed electric, horizontal, and 3 ft. apart. Manila, W. mole. Light, 1 fixed red. Pasig River, mouth of, on the N. side of quay. Light, 1 fixed red. San Nicolás Banks, in Manila Bay, on the NW. head of the NW. of the 2 shoals which form the bank. Light, 1 flash every minute; flash 20 seconds, eclipse 40 seconds; electric. Sangley Point, light at the extremity of the W. head to Cavite Bay. Light, 1 fixed red. Santiago, about 66 yds. N. of S. extreme of the cape on the W. head of Balayán Bay, S. shore of Batangas, and lights the Verde Passage between Luzon and Mindoro W. entrance. It is one of the principal lights of approach to Manila Bay from the San Bernardino or S. route across the islands. Light, 1 flash every 36 seconds, 3 flashes in succession; flash 4 seconds, eclipse 2 seconds; flash 4 seconds, eclipse 2 seconds; flash 4 seconds, eclipse 20 seconds. San Fernando, S. point of entrance to that port, E. head to Lingayén Gulf, and one of the lights on the Western or Chizi Sea, coast of N. Luzón, in Unión Province. Light, 1 fixed red. On January 1, 1902, changed to 1 fixed white (N. to W.); also range lights established Sual port, Portuguese Point, in the SW. angle of Lingayen Gulf. Light, 1 fixed red. MASBATE ISLAND, Bugui Point, on the highest part, about 190 yds. E. from its extremity. At the extreme N. point of Masbate Island, and lighting the chan- nel between that island and Burias and Ticao islands on the N. side of the channel leading to San Bernardino Strait. Light, 1 flash white and red alter- nately every 30 seconds. Masbachd port, Porticalso rango del prea. Cernor ChiPort, E. helaine 20 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 111 MINDANAO ISLAND: Dapitan Bay, Tubud Point, the S. head of the channel between Mindanao and Negros, and connecting the Mindanao and Sulu seas. Light, 1 flash red. Dávao Port, N. point of entrance to Dávao River, lighting the channel of Pasi- putan Strait between Sámal I. and the mainland on the W. shore of Davao Glan (Glan Masila) River, S. side of river entrance on Canalasan Cove, near the E. head to Sarangani Bay, S. coast. Light, 1 fixed. Mati, on the pier at the head of Pujada Bay, Dávao, E. coast of Mindanao. Lights, 2 fixed red. Oroquieta, in front of the municipal building on the W. shore of Iligan Bay. Light, 1 fixed red. Párang Parang, Polloc or Palac Harbor, on the mole heads E. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato Province. Lights, 1 fixed red, 1 fixed green. Zamboanga, on the extremity of the mole, S. point, and lights Basilan Strait between Mindanao and Basilan Island and the connecting channel between Sulu and the Celebes seas. Light, 1 fixed red. PALAWAN (PARAGUA). Port Royalist (Puerto Princesa). Tide pole point. Lights the Sulu Sea passage along the E. coast of Palawan between Balábac and Mindoro straits. Light, 1 fixed. Port Royalist (Puerto Princesa), Obando Mole. Light, 1 fixed. PANAY ISLAND: Calabazas, S. extremity of the E. islet. At the N. entrance to Iloilo Strait be- tween Panay and Negros. Light, 1 flash every 15 seconds; 3 flashes in quick succession; eclipses total. Guimarás Island, SW. extremity 44 m. N. 24° 30' W., from Point Lasaran. The E. head to the S. entrance to Iloilo Strait between Guimarás and Panay Islands. Light, 1 flash white and red every 15 seconds; group of 3 white flashes followed by 1 red flash. tween Guimarás and Panay Islands, and leading to Iloilo Harbor. Light, 1 fixed with red sector. Iloilo, right point of entrance to Iloilo River. Light, 1 fixed red. Manigonigo Islet, off the NE. extremity of Panay, lighting the channel in the Vis- ayan Sea between that point and the extreme SW. point of Masbate. Light, 1 flash every 5 seconds. North Gigante Island, on the most salient point of the N. extremity and lights the channel in the Visayan Sea between the NE. point of Panay and the S. coast of Masbate. Light, 1 flash white and red; every 15 seconds 3 white flashes, ROMBLON ISLAND: Off Agbatán, beacon near Sabang Point. Light, 1 fixed. Off Binagón Point, beacon. Light, 1 fixed. Sabang Point, N. entrance. Light, 1 fixed. Off Sabang Beacon. Light, 1 fixed. Off Rosas Point, beacon. Light, 1 fixed. SAMAR ISLAND: Calbayoc, W. coast at N. end of town near the outpost. Light, 1 fixed red. Lights the approach to Janabatás Channel. Catbalogan, w. coast, on army headquarters building. Light, 1 fixed red. Approach to Janabatás Channel on the N. SAN BERNARDINO, on the summit of an islet in the E. entrance to San Bernardino Strait, the first light of approach to the S. route to the island from the Pacific to Manila. Light, 1 flash white and red, alternating every 30 seconds; white flash 1 second, eclipse 14 seconds; red flash 1 second, eclipse 14 seconds. SULU ARCHIPELAGO: Siasi Island, shown at an elevation of 20 ft. from framework, near the end of the wharf of Siasi. Lights the Celebes seacoast of Sulu Archipelago and approach to Tapaan interisland passage to Sulu Sea. , Light, harbor, red. WEATHER SERVICE. A weather bureau for the islands was established by act (P. C., No. 131) May 22, 1901, with stations at Aparri (Cagayán), Baguió (Benguet), Dagupan (Pangasinan), San Fernando (Unión), and San Isidro (Nueva 112 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Ecija), in Luzón; Cápiz (Cápiz), Cebú (Cebu), and Iloílo (Iloílo), in Panay; Maasin, Ormoc, and Tacloban, in Leyte; Tagbilaran, in Bohol, in the Vasayas and Butúan, and Surigao (Surigao), Mindanao, with central office at Manila. The Philippine Islands are known to naviga- tors as the “ breeding ground” of typhoons. The establishment of forecasts and warnings on the Chinese, Formosa, and Japanese coasts is, therefore, of value to commerce. COMMERCE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. “The United States will for the term of ten years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, admit Spanish ships and merchandise to the ports of the Philippine Islands on the same terms as ships and merchandise of the United States.” [Article IV, Treaty of Paris. ] Customs. The custom-house at Manila was opened for business by the United States military government August 20, 1898. The Spanish tariff and customs regulations found in force were continued. In anticipation of the occupation of Manila, a translation of the Span- ish tariff, with some modifications, had been prepared in Washington prior to the arrival of the troops, and by order of the President, dated July 13, 1898, directions were given to proclaim and enforce the tariff in the islands as soon as the United States forces obtained possession. and the accompanying orders were received at Manila in September, after the custom-house had been in operation for some weeks. It was at once published, to take effect October 1, 1898. The proclamation of this new tariff, and the short notice given of the change, caused many protests, petitions, and requests from merchants and other persons doing business in Manila, for which reason it was decided by the military governor that to put it into effect at once would derange trade and prejudice American interests. Its enforcement was therefore postponed. The following G. O., No. 10, Manila, P. I., October 26, 1898, was accordingly issued from the office of the military governor in the Philippine Islands: "Referring to general orders of the 29th ultimo from this office, wherein is recited the necessity of a careful revision of the Customs Tariff and Regulations' prescribed by the United States Government for such portion of the Philippine Islands as may be under United States control, and in order to satisfy United States Government interests and prevailing business conditions, and proclaiming, for such reasons, the postponement of the practical application of those tariff regulations until November 10 next, it is hereby ordered that the same, amended and revised, and as now fully contained in the following printed schedule, be put in force from and after the date proclaimed, viz, November 10, 1898. "Upon the occupation of any ports or places in the Philippine Islands by the forces of the United States, the foregoing order will be proclaimed and enforced. Also "Regulations for the guidance of officers concerned in the collection of duties on imports and exports, taxes, and other charges and exactions to be levied and collected as a military contribution at ports and places in the possession of or under the control of the forces of the United States in the Philippine Islands," under the following subdivisions: Entrance and clearance of vessels. Light dues. Entry of merchandise. Wharf charges. Harbor and commercial improvement charges. Rates of duties on imports under classes and groups. Export duties. Articles free of duty. Articles free of duty subject to the formalities determined for each case by the customs regulations. Articles free of duty subject to conditions stated. Goods not specially classed in the tariff. Packages and recipients. Tare allowance. Reimportation of national products. Articles prohibited. Miscellaneous provisions. MINERAL REGION IN LEPANTO, LUZON, IN WHICH THE SUYOC AND MANCAYAN MINES OF COPPER AND GOLD ARE LOCATED. ISLAND OF TALIM, LAGUNA DE BAY, RIZAL, LUZÓN. Quarry for stone. SU PINUS INSULARIS, BENGUET, LUZON. BALETE TREE IN TÁRLAC, LUZÓN. NIPA PALM PLANTATION, LAGUNA, LUZÓN. A CLUMP OF BAMBOO. MANGÁ (MANGO) TREE, NEAR MANILA, LUZÓN. NAM OT TREE FERN, LUZÓN. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 113 Tariff.--A revision of the tariff and regulations was begun in June, 1900, by a board of officers appointed by the military governor under instructions from the War Department. By order of the Secretary of War this board reported to the United States Philippine Commission on August 25, 1900, who then formally took up the subject of tariff revision, their labors resulting in the enactment, on September 17, 1901, “by the authority of the President of the United States, and with the approval of the Secretary of War first had," of the following act (No. 230) to revise and amend the tariff laws of the Philippine Archi- pelago, providing SHORT TITLE.-SEC. 1. The provisions of General Order, No. 49, Office of the United States military exports of the Philippine Islands, and tonnage duties and wharf charges therein, and the several orders supplemental thereto and amendatory thereof, are hereby amended to read as follows: IMPORT DUTIES.-SEC. 2. Duties shall be collected on all articles, goods, and merchandise imported into the Philippine Islands at the rates hereinafter provided, except when expressly exempted from duty by this act. PROVISION FOR MERCHANDISE IN TRANSIT.-SEC. 3. Merchandise in transit at the time the pre ent revision goes into effect may be entered under the provisions of law existing at the time of shiprient; provided, however, that this privilege shall not be extended beyond the period of sixty days after the date of the enforcement of the present tariff of duties and taxes. EXPORT DUTIES.-SEC. 4. Duties shall be collected at the rates hereinafter provided on such articles, goods, and merchandise exported from the Philippine Islands as are hereinafter specifically prescribed in this act. GENERAL RULES.-SEC. 5. The following rules and regulations shall be observed in the construction and enforcement of the various provisions of this act: [The general rules are then given in detail in this aet.) PROHIBITED IMPORTATIONS.-SEC. 6. Explosives, arms, etc., except by authority; obscene literature and gambling devices. ABBREVIATIONS.--Sec. 7. The following abbreviations shall be employed in the tariff: G. W. = gross weight. Kilo. kilogram. N. W. = net weight. Kilos. = kilograms. Hectog. = hectogram. Hectol. == hectoliter. HOW PAYABLE.-SEC. 8. Duties shall be paid in United States money except that The following coins now in circulation in the Philippine Islands shall be received for customs duties and taxes at the following rates in money of the United States; Peso, 50 cents; medio peso, 25 cents; peseta, 10 cents; media peseta, 5 cents; but such rates shall be changed in accordance with a quarterly proclamation of the civil governor. METRICAL SYSTEM.-SEC. 9. The metrical system of weights and measures as authorized by sections 3569 and 3570 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, and at present in use in the Philippine 1slands, shall be continued. The meter is equal to 39.37 inches. The liter is equal to 1.0567 quarts, wine measure. The kilogram is equal to 2.2046 pounds avoirdupois. IMPORTATIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES.-SEC. 10. Importations from the United States are dutiable under the provisions of this act, but no customs duties shall be imposed on articles, goods, or merehan- dise transported only from one place or port to another place or port in the Philippine Islands. RATES-SEC. 11.--The rates of duties to be collected on articles, goods, and merchandise imported into the Philippine Islands shall be as follows: Thirteen classes following the usual classification in the United States schedules. FREE.-SEC. 12. Free list. EXPORT DUTIES.-SEC. 13. On the following products of the Philippine Islands, when exported there- from, there shall be levied and collected, on the gross weight thereof, export duties as follows: 398. Abáca, raw or wrought hemp.... .100 kilos.. $0.75 399. Indigo.... 400. Indigo employed for dyeing (tintarron") 401. Rice..... ..do.... 1.00 402. Sugar.............. .05 403. Cocoanuts, fresh and dried (copra). ...........do.... 10 .........do.... 1.50 405. Tobacco, raw, grown in the provinces of Cagayán, Isabela, and New Biscay (Luzon Islands) ........ ....100 kilos.. 1.50 406. Tobacco, raw, grown in the Visayas and Mindanao Island...... ...do.... 1.00 407. Tobacco, raw, grown in other provinces of the archipelago...... . 75 ............do.... Certificates of origin of raw tobacco may be required by the customs authorities when proof of the place of production is necessary. TONNAGE.-SEC. 14. Tonnage dues. TONNAGE.-SEC. 15. Exemption from tonnage dues. WHARF CHARGES.-SEC. 16. Wharf charges on exports. .do... ...do. . .025 .do.... ....... ... ...... ..... . . II CON COCOPIU . ......... REIMPORTATIONS.---SECS. 18 and 19. Reimportation of insular products. REPEALING.-SEC. 20.-Repealing clause. REPERTORY AND INDEX.-SEC. 21. Repertory and index. TITLE.-SEC. 22. Title of act "Tariff Revision Law, of 1901." IN EFFECT.-Sec. 23. Tariff law takes effect November 15, 1901. This tariff enactment of the insular commission was accepted by statutory enactment of Congress in- 114 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CONFIRMATION OF “THE TARIFF REVISION LAW OF 1901.” "An act temporarily to provide revenue for the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes," approved March 8, 1902, which confirmed the tariff legislation of the Philippine Commission and defined the appli- cation of rates of duty, collection of tonnage taxes, issuing of licenses to engage in exclusively harbor business to vessels, the use of the funds so collected, and other details, and of customs application and regula- tion, as follows: PUBLIC ACT OF CONGRESS. That the provisions of an act entitled "An act to revise and amend the tariff laws of the Philippine Archipelago," enacted by the United States Philippine Commission on the seventeenth day of Sep- tember, nineteen hundred and one, shall be and remain in full force and effect, and there shall be levied, collected, and paid upon all articles coming into the Philippine Archipelago from the United States the rates of duty which are required by the said act to be levied, collected, and paid upon like articles imported from foreign countries into said archipelago. SEC. 2. That on and after the passage of this act there shall be levied, collected, and paid upon all articles coming into the United States from the Philippine Archipelago the rates of duty which are required to be levied, collected, and paid upon like articles imported from foreign countries: Provided, That upon all articles the growth and product of the Philippine Archipelago coming into the United States from the Philippine Archipelago there shall be levied, collected, and paid only seventy-five per centum of the rates of duty aforesaid: And provided further, That the rates of duty which are required hereby to be levied, collected, and paid upon products of the Philippine Archipelago coming into the United States shall be less any duty or taxes levied, collected, and paid thereon upon the shipment thereof from the Philippine Archipelago, as provided by the act of the United States Phil- ippine Commission referred to in section one of this act, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe, but all articles, the growth and product of the Philippine Islands, admitted into the ports of the United States free of duty under the provisions of this act, and coming directly from said islands to the United States for use and consumption therein, shall be here- after exempt from any export duties imposed in the Philippine Islands. SEC. 3. That on and after the passage of this act the same tonnage taxes shall be levied, collected, and paid upon all foreign vessels coming into the United States from the Philippine Archipelago which are required by law to be levied, collected, and paid upon vessels coming into the United States from foreign countries: Provided, however, That until July first, nineteen hundred and four, the provisions of law restricting to vessels of the United States the transportation of passengers and mer- chandise directly or indirectly from one port of the United States to another port of the United States shall not be applicable to foreign vessels engaging in trade between the Philippine Archipelago and the United States, or between ports in the Philippine Archipelago; And provided further, That the Philippine Commission shall be authorized and empowered to issue licenses to engage in lighterage or other exclusively harbor business to vessels or other craft actually engaged in such business at the date of the passage of this act, and to vessels or other craft built in the Philippine Islands or in the United States and owned by citizens of the United States or by inhabitants of the Philippine Islands. SEC. 4. That the duties and taxes collected in the Philippine Archipelago in pursuance of this act, and all duties and taxes collected in the United States upon articles coming from the Philippine Archipelago and upon foreign vessels coming therefrom, shall not be covered into the general fund of the Treasury of the United States, but shall be held as a separate fund and paid into the treasury of the Philippine Islands, to be used and expended for the government and benefit of said islands. SEC. 5. That when duties prescribed by this act are based upon the weight of merchandise deposited in any publie or private bonded warehouse, said duties shall be levied and collected upon the weight of such merchandise at the time of its entry. SEC, 6. That all articles manufactured in bonded manufacturing warehouses in whole or in part of imported materials, or of materials subject to internal-revenue tax, and intended for shipment from the United States to the Philippine Islands, shall, when so shipped, under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe, be exempt from the internal-revenue tax, and shall not be charged with duty except the duty levied under this act upon imports into the Philippine Islands.. That all articles subject under the laws of the United States to internal-revenue tax, or on which the internal-revenue tax has been paid, and which may under existing laws and regulations be exported to a foreign country without the payment of such tax, or with benefit of drawback, as the case may be, may also be shipped to the Philippine Islands with like privilege, under such regula- tions and the filing of such bonds, bills of lading, and other security as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue may, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, prescribe. And all taxes paid upon such articles shipped to the Philippine Islands since November fifteenth, nineteen hundred and one, under the decision of the Secretary of the Treasury of that date, shall be refunded to the parties who have paid the same, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe, and a sum sufficient to make such payment is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise apppropriated. That where materials on which duties have been paid are used in the manufacture of articles manufactured or produced in the United States, there shall be allowed on the shipment of said arti- cles to the Philippine Archipelago a drawback equal in amount to the duties paid on the materials used, less one per centum of such duties, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe. SEC. 7. That merchandise in bonded warehouse or otherwise in the custody and control of the officers of the customs, upon which duties have been paid, shall be entitled on shipment to the Philippine Islands within three years from the date of the original arrival, to a return of the duties paid less one per centum; and merchandise upon which duties have not been paid may be shipped without the payment of duties to the Philippine Islands within said period, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. SEC. 8. That the provisions of the act entitled an "An act to simplify the laws in relation to the collection of revenues," approved June tenth, eighteen hundred and ninety, as amended by an act entitled "An act to provide for the Government and to encourage the industries of the United States," approved July twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven, shall apply to all articles coming into the United States from the Philippine Archipelago. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 115 Imports and exports of merchandise, 1900 and 1901. [NOTE.-Beginning July 1, 1900, the statistical reports to the Division of Insular Affairs were based upon a new schedule, giving the classification of commodities imported and exported much more in detail than were required by the schedule in effect prior to that date. Owing to this change it is impossible to make comparison by articles and countries in some instances. In weights the ton is 2,240 lbs. and the hundred weights 112 lbs., unless otherwise indicated. The value of exports of domestic merchandise is their value at the time of exportation in the island whence they are exported.] 12 months ending June- Imports and exports. 1900. 1901. IMPORTS. Free of duty: Articles in a crude condition or partly so.. Articles of voluntary use, luxuries, etc..... Miscellaneous.... $6,477 25,849 273, 259 $340 23, 289 Total free of duty....... 305,585 23, 629 Dutiable: Articles of food and animals........ Manufactured articles .............. Articles in a crude condition or partly so... Articles of voluntary use, luxuries, etc... Miscellaneous........ Total dutiable ....... 5,483, 806 11, 169, 012 311, 642 1,779, 870 1,551, 521 8,158, 794 18,329, 186 900, 062 2, 720, 736 146, 999 20, 295, 851 30, 255, 777 Free and dutiable: Articles of food and animals.. Manufactured articles ........ Articles in a crude condition or partly so.. Articles of voluntary use, luxuries, etc... Miscellaneous... 5,483, 806 11, 169, 012 318, 119 1,805, 719 1,824, 780 8, 158, 794 18,329, 186 900, 402 2,744, 025 146, 999 Total free and dutiable...... Total import duty collected .. 20, 601, 436 4,761, 396 30, 279, 406 8,041, 541 EXPORTS. Products of Agriculture... Manufactures.. Forest........................ Mining ........... Miscellaneous..... 17, 272, 144 1,521, 736 23, 923 20,685,421 1,617, 030 178, 345 978 788, 174 933, 265 Total exports ...... Total export duty collected.. 19,751,068 567, 656 23, 214, 948 758, 159 GOLD AND SILVER. Gold: Imports... Exports. Silver: Imports. Exports .... $149,849 1,160,597 $508, 223 305, 251 2, 293, 071 854,775 2,030, 782 2,911, 063 TONNAGE. [Net tons 100 cub. ft. carrying space after prescribed allowances for crew, engine, etc., space.] 12 months ending June Vessels. 1900. 1901, Number. Net tons. Number. Net tons. 1,266 Entered: Sailing... Steam.... Cleared: Sailing Steam.. 100, 607 989, 649 5,888 3,200 190.856 1, 453, 512 2,267 1.436 2, 254 123, 927 975, 701 6,018 3, 196 190, 320 1, 437, 498 116 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Imports and exports, by countries, including gold and silver. 12 months ending June- Countries. 1900. 1901, Imports. Exports. Imports. Exports. $3,946, 459 1, 210,067 485,684 2,091, 207 91, 681 66, 242 120, 001 9, 806 200, 271 $6, 240,509 98, 398 1, 392, 439 1, 320, 458 5,784 173, 379 Europe: United Kingdom.. Germany.. France.. Spain ... Italy ....... Austria-Hungary Belgium ... Denmark .. Netherlands ... Portugal .... Russia ...... Sweden and Norway. Switzerland... Turkey.. Gibraltar.. Malta .. $6,956, 145 2,135, 252 1,684, 233 2,166, 866 145, 556 107, 019 274,981 14, 929 179, 306 205 314, 788 4,565 892, 936 $10, 704, 741 81,526 1,934, 256 1,656, 400 5, 008 289, 091 2,507 1,300 20 185 141, 639 506 215.990 75 199 5,241 4,937 18, 423 8,584 982 105 Total Europe.. 8,579,553 9, 242, 520 14,877,085 14,701, 723 North America: United States Canada ... 1,657, 701 3,635, 160 14,916 3, 650, 076 3,034, 655 29,846 2,572, 021 7,801 2,579, 822 Total North America .. 1, 657,701 3,064, 501 Central America: Guatemala... 349 300 South America: Argentina Bolivia.. Brazil.... Uruguay ... Total South America. 1, 363 210 910 238 1,010 1, 310 2,721 West Indies: Cuba..... British West Indies .... 100 2,727 2,727 Total West Indies. 100 6, 474, 441 3,524, 277 260, 101 2,685, 361 3,226, 440 1,032, 462 4,565, 326 3,529, 322 805, 771 89 Asia: China... Hongkong .. Japan..... Korea...... Aden........... Siam ....... Turkey..... British East Indies.. Dutch East Indies French East Indies. Portuguese East Indies . 442 41, 704 363, 801 5,067,547 1,443, 880 920 92 860 191 1, 314, 084 11, 311 1,483 447 1,973, 340 26,556 107 467,907 48 2,830, 797 237,817 1,914, 238 ............ 963, 605 16,504 250 Total Asia.. 12, 259, 157 7,966, 326 14, 351, 422 8,204, 616 603 544, 440 564, 490 442, 318 Oceania: German... Spanish .... Australasia ..... Hawaiian Islands, Ladrone Islands . Guam ............. Total Oceania.. 101 600, 163 1,357 3,569 779 606 2, 751 544, 517 568, 662 442, 924 604, 372 Africa: British French. Egypt ,928 4,026 333, 520 337,546 21,766, 440 17, 450 320,109 337,559 26, 431, 262 *** 533 79, 219 79, 752 32, 818, 411 Total Africa.... Total all countries..... 2,928 23,043, 856 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 117 Imports and exports, by countries, including gold and silver-Continued. RECAPITULATION. Countries- Europe........ North America.. South America.. Central America. West Indies..... 12 months ending June- Imports- Exports- 1900. 1901. 1900. 1901. $8,579,553 $14, 877,085 $9,242, 520 $14, 701, 723 1,657, 7013,064, 5013, 650, 076 2,579, 822 1,310 2,721 349 2,727 12, 259, 157 14, 351, 422 7,966, 326 8,204, 616 544, 517 442, 924 568, 662 604, 872 2,928 79, 752 337,546 337,559 23,043, 856 32, 818,411 21,766,440 26, 431, 262 Asia.. Oceania ..... Africa......... Total. Imports and exports of gold and silver, by countries. Countries. 1900. 1901. $2,050 Gold ore: United Kingdom ... Hongkong ........ Total.. Gold bullion: Germany Hongkong China. 6,000 1,050 2, 365 78, 705 82, 120 63,000 13,250 $178,970 Total. Gold coin: United States ....... United Kingdom ... France... Spain.. China ..... Hongkong ... British East Indies.. 12,524 534, 826 $57, 445 36, 232 55, 672 149, 349 304 5,514 77,585 208,815 87,035 1,076,427 508, 223 299, 101 Silver bullion: China .. British East Indies. 6,039 1, 250 6,039 1,250 1,145 Total........ Silver coin: United States.. Spain ....... Egypt.. China.... Hongkong ... British East Indies. Dutch East Indies.. 50,000 81, 459 607,062 85, 080 25, 135 . .. ... . . . 718, 552 848, 425 726, 094 75,000 147,800 979, 922 288.850 2,066, 033 553, 785 .......... ............ Total. 2, 293,071 2, 442, 420 848, 736 2,015,372 217, 190 2,030,777 2,539, 005 | 2,909, 813 3,216,314 Grand total..... Vessels doing the carrying trade-June, 1901. Imports (foreign) from- Total. Imports (foreign) from- Total. China .......... United States.. United Kingdom. Germany.. France.... Spain.. Italy ....... Austria-Hunga Belgium 8282, 610 487,859 176,042 115, 560 158, 449 7,325 7, 667 17,290 105 Japan Korea Siam. British East Indies Dutch East Indies. French East Indies. Australasia.... 8525 221, 323 296, 948 94, 412 25 86, 228 254, 601 526 248, 425 150, 184 Netherlands Portugal .... Russia...... Sweden and Nor Switzerland.. 145 37, 406 60 32, 226 French Africa.. 2,689, 158 118 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Vessels doing the carrying trade-- June, 1901—Continued. Exports (foreign) to- Total. Exports (foreign) to- Total. 5, 225 United States. United Kingdom Germany. France... Spain. Italy ........ Austria-Hungary Belgium. Gibraltar... Netherlands .. $92, 773 Canada.. 1. 107, 490 || China ... Hongkong........ 46, 545 Japan .. 166, 417 British East Indies 865 Dutch East Indies.... 19,525 Australasia. 437 143 Total 20 $1,323 3,797 138, 942 235, 114 43, 457 1,312 48,014 1,911, 399 Imports and exports, by Philippine customs districts, including gold and silver. Imports 12 months ending June- Exports 12 months ending June- Ports. 1900, 1901. 1900. 1901. Manila Iloilo..... Cebú. Joló (Sulu Siasi. Zamboanga . Total... $20,839, 174 $28,586,988 $17,180, 846 1, 235, 445 2,336, 918 2,075, 244 850, 988 1, 430, 363 2, 377,506 84, 429 326, 295 99,995 19, 494 57, 250 28, 898 14, 326 80,597 4,041 23,043, 856 32, 818,411 21,766,440 $21, 522, 444 1 ,512,046 3,093, 714 230, 872 47, 096 25, 090 26, 431, 262 Imports of the Philippine Islands, by countries, during the calendar years 1889 to 1893, inclusive, as compared with 1899 and 1900. Countries from which imported. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1899. 1900. Per cent in 1900. 20 . : A United Kingdom ....... $5,583, 293 $5, 767,568 $5, 122, 687 $5, 196, 192 $4, 247, 883 $3, 239,066 $5, 576,931 Spain ........ (a) 3, 376, 257 4,897, 642 5,104,875 2,703, 336 1,989, 235 China (including Hong- kong. 4, 315, 168 3,903, 722 3,534, 735 3,029, 940 2, 237, 471 7,989, 763 9,536, 443 Singapore....... 1,990, 739 2,541, 158) 1,812, 692987, 652-156, 135 French Indo-China b 2,058, 608 1,558, 423) 1,711, 893 1,003, 074 517,933 1,091, 922 (0) Germany. 1,380, 664 185, 454312, 092527,587) 1, 246, 248 922, 875 1,631, 816 United States.. 558, 254 540, 506) 347, 338 208, 392 956, 706 1, 351, 854 2, 153, 198 France... 678, 254 22, 166 171, 888 272, 866 477, 026 292, 038 978, 0951 Belgium ... 401, 793 521, 699 294, 287 175, 509 78, 342) 114, 475 203, 533 Switzerland... 62, 866 936) 8,51447, 046 206, 800 174, 469 709, 807 Japan... 13, 782 31, 193 38,857 37,972 182, 678 183, 758 441, 319 Australasia ....... 24, 687 17,068 48, 294 119, 630 65, 399 616, 0971 197, 774 Austria-Hungary. 32, 642.. 1, 968 18,987! 62, 97072, 114 88, 634.. Netherlands ..... 5.8491 5, 823 13, 004) 40,599 160, 173 Egypt, Port Said. 39, 870 6,675 12,4931 3,185 4,276 Italy ....... 15, 348 355 8, 790 32, 385 65, 752 137.283 Russia ... 248, 654 262, 956 121, 341 257, 198 British India. Sweden and Norway.. 1,456 .......... 4, 730..... Denmark ...... 1,352 10, 12, 13,093 ...... Portugal... 199 373 British East Indies..... ..... 41, 285, 063 2,631, 294 Dutch East Indies .. 25, 450234,778 Other countries.... e78, 835 748, 004 3,934 9,471 5, 299 2,012 815, 490 Total.... 17, 236, 256 15,884,060 16,798, 289 16, 314, 901 15, 890,500 20, 440, 074 27,765, 100 100 2,605 ... .... .......... .. 1 * No separate statistics available. Through Saigon. e Included under China, 1900. d Reports do not specify Singapore; probably included in British East Indies. e Including imports from Spain. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 119 Annual average values of merchandise exported, 1892-1896, as compared with those of 1899 and 1900. Countries. 1892-1896. 1899. Per cent in 1899. 1900. Per cent in 1900. $8,844, 026 3,855, 165 a 6,053, 232 986, 012 1,174,068 201, 158 345, 430 616, 631 106, 602 31, 710 27,487 106, 451 . 99, 174 18, 894 $3,701, 245 1,160, 007 4,040, 255 574, 929 4,721 25, 410 () 2,017, 120 320, 103 6,970, 831 $8, 117, 770 1,619, 270 2,968, 851 2,533, 607 15, 605 126,729 () 794, 453 621, 892 7,215, 941 20 GO United Kingdom.... Spain...... United States... France ............. Canada............... Germany... Straits Settlements ..... Japan.. Australasia .. China (including Hongkong Belgium ...... Netherlands..... Dutch East Indies ... Austria-Hungary .. British East Indies British India .... Ceylon............. Cape Colony ..... Switzerland. Italy....... Gibraltar ... Egypt ....... Other countries .. 2 1,300 22, 244 750 384, 525 16,027 406, 865 1,571, 509 7,835 19. 117 386 1, 720 18,438 5,131 12,802 612, 340 74, 212 41,119 6,766 * Annual average, 1893 to 1897. Annual average, 1892 and 1893. • Statistics for 1896 only. d Annual average, 1893 to 1896. • Included under British East Indies. Quantities and values of the principal articles of merchandise imported into the Philippine Islands during the calendar year 1900. 1899. 1900. Articles imported. Quantities. Values. Quantities. Values. 321,514,113 113, 484 170,128 2, 193, 898 AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS. Wines ... ..gallons.. 337, 394 Rice.. ..pounds.. 242, 818, 913 Wheat flour... ..barrels.. 65,741 Canned goods.. Distilled spirituous liquors ..gallons.. 119,793 Pork, bacon, and lard.. ..pounds.. 1,008, 660 Vegetables ................. .....do..... Olive oil....... ......do................. Malt liquors and cider. ..gallons............ Cocoa...... ..... pounds.. 540, 555 Beeswax, stearin, etc..... Fruits .... ..do..... Butter.. .do.... 261,597 Cheese.. 177,040 8432, 350 3,523, 691 381, 998 128, 185 292,557 144, 669 216, 847 53, 086 277,836 160, 436 *70,136 58, 617 40, 521 8279, 818 4,865, 056 475, 236 129, 201 297, 511 233, 413 275, 959 27, 303 1, 113, 684 171, 317 87,514 85,637 48, 791 842, 437 ..do........ ..do.... 430, 800 299,011 NONAGRICULTURAL IMPORTS. .do... Cotton manufactures... ... pounds.. Mineral oils ........ ....... Iron and steel manufactures....... ........do... Copper, and mauufactures of ...... .......do... Paper, and manufactures of........ ........do... Flax, hemp, jute, etc., manufactures of....do... Silk manufactures..... Earthen, stone, and china ware.. Woolens ............ Glass and glassware. Boots and shoes... Leather and manufactures Fish.. Books, etc. .do. Agricultura: machinery.. do.. Pianos ...... ...number. Jewelry 4,522, 408 160, 720 388, 138 99,051 512, 239 272, 292 183,000 184, 067 124, 201 579, 418 144, 125 78,61 135, 407 810, 485 4, 498 1,500 44,957 8,729, 777 374, 717 1, 425, 238 53, 949 379, 225 245, 365 385,984 95, 299 168,211 395, 620 160,309 81,692 95, 256 83.880 5, 720 8,310 191, 968 pou 120 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Quantities and values of the principal articles exported from the Philippine Islands during the calendar year 1900. 1899. 1900. Articles exported. Quantities. | Values. Quantities. Values. 89, 438 143, 719, 971 .... . ............ Manila hemp... Sugar..... Copra, including cocoanuts Cigars and cigarettes.. Leaf tobacco ..... Coffee ...... Rice....... Cordage and rope .. Indigo..... Hides and skins. Timber and lumber. Wax, stearin ... ..... tons. 69,048 .pounds.. 189, 226, 650 .....do....... ..do.................. 14,050, 310 75, 647 ..do.... .do....... .do.... 256, 549 $7,993, 574 3,459, 710 727, 256 946, 702 776, 841 12,132 $13, 290, 400 2,397, 144 3, 184, 853 1,164, 369 1,033, 900 3, 142 ..do.... ..do.... 22,028, 546 29, 825 17, 289 12, 225 .do.... 32, 694 50, 047 1,133 2,243 2, 305 1,325 311, 183 24, 077 33 ....... pounds.. 70,708 250 Hemp exports, 1850-1899. [From report of the Manila Chamber of Commerce.] Year. United States. Great Britain. Califor- nia. Austra- lia. Other ports Total exports. Bales. Bales. 670 4, 775 1850. 1851.. 1852 1853. 1854.. 1855 1856.. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864.. 1865.... 1866.... 1867. 1868. 1869 1870. 1871 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875.. 1876.. 1877.. 1878.. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884.. 1885.. 1865... 1887 ... 1888.... 1889.. 1890. 1891 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899.. Bales. 59,097 71,567 110,257 102, 292 114, 009 107, 290 156, 193 121, 555 144, 476 142, 328 140, 738 80, 489 114, 697 110, 902 124, 553 144, 722 139, 444 143, 785 147, 364 146, 846 163,859 242, 556 200, 172 161, 057 158, 965 99, 216 120.527 153, 222 124, 592 162, 264 189,657 253, 361 176,521 176, 670 168, 074 194, 309 173, 061 245, 845 246, 437 199, 707 109, 719 132, 267 383, 076 212, 463 401, 755 273, 918 290, 327 417,963 338, 124 265, 828 Bales. 8,740 11,801 11, 876 6,545 46, 369 10, 335 18, 604 47,991 52, 817 65, 336 51,019 96, 831 113, 743 91, 830 113, 129 39, 658 48, 216 57, 015 65, 030 47,284 65,590 71, 749 88, 535 119,482 114, 897 131,987 153. 095 142, 317 172, 174 136, 229 178, 143 148, 763 142,519 167, 151 213, 577 190, 919 164, 148 227, 288 347,854 322, 022 341, 993 143, 213 358, 366 372, 841 335, 372 493. 760 407,522 403, 522 392, 127 269, 860 1,449 2,678 5,070 2, 440 4,720 4, 800 5,300 6, 260 4, 713 6, 800 7,560 8,801 7,100 11,000 7,950 11, 250 17, 124 17, 998 24, 638 19, 111 21,750 9, 700 17, 650 14,500 14, 910 19,500 14, 300 9,400 7, 431 8,067 13, 150 15,528 34,950 20, 200 21,500 24, 350 19,756 22, 050 18, 600 27,750 18, 450 25, 450 18, 325 19, 120 477 2,597 6,122 6,050 10,572 6,729 5,717 3,358 4,064 9,600 4,995 7,598 14,262 6,597 15, 856 6.050 12, 190 9,546 16, 752 16, 866 13. 070 13, 372 9.737 14, 798 17, 723 17,561 18, 413 18,522 13, 783 15, 393 10, 779 13,085 16,888 18, 829 15, 893 14,576 Bales. 2,578 3,918 3,499 2, 508 948 1, 867 1, 401 1,571 3,889 2,985 2,019 1,882 1, 645 2,567 1,684 2,943 2,010 2, 251 2,474 1, 315 1,164 2,963 2,725 3,197 4,512 5,004 5,750 3, 432 3, 417 4,936 5,563 3, 282 3, 580 3, 348 5,657 10, 463 11,586 11,514 14, 465 9,081 14,530 17, 194 15,527 18,722 29, 475 23, 782 32, 706 36, 614 28, 137 31, 354 Bales. 70, 415 87, 286 125, 632 111, 345 161, 326 119, 492 177, 647 173, 795 206, 252 213, 089 198, 496 184, 010 236,055 212, 036 246, 676 198, 898 203, 352 217, 902 232, 540 213, 174 244, 280 331, 876 312, 620 311, 334 308, 007 262, 916 315, 364 315, 268 333, 689 323,979 400,463 434, 452 353, 672 373, 435 407, 809 417, 130 371, 682 514, 973 661, 429 568, 571 506, 155 635, 546 790, 508 641.469 795, 981 832, 295 765, 893 902, 378 792, 606 600, 738 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 121 Philippine hemp statistics-Hemp receipts, 1850-1899. [From report of Manila Chamber of Commerce.] Piculs. 1850.. 136, 964 1863... 1851.. 182, 503 1864.. 1852.. 237,864 1865.. 1853. 250, 623 1866.. 1854. 310, 971 1867.. 1855. 280, 012 1868. 1856. 356, 055 1869. 1857. 388,000 1870. 1858... 445, 750 1871. 444, 398 1872. 1860........ 486, 212 1873.. 1861....... 414, 696 1874... 1862............. 463, 971 ) 1875.... Piculs. 470, 754 1876.... 478, 065 1877.... 379, 191 1878. 371, 256 402, 388 1880... 492, 884 427,070 1882 502, 822 1883 517,856 1884. 616, 603 1885. 672, 238 1886. 629, 150 1887. 534, 450 | 1888. Piculs. 618,952 1889. 669, 674 1890.. 650, 3131891... 686, 874 1892.. 807, 712 1893.. 866, 321 1894... 707, 114 1895... 797, 330 1896. 795, 172 1897. 846, 151 1898 805, 415 1899.. 1,069, 350 1, 315, 582 Picula. 1,131, 768 1,085, 824 1,358, 846 1,520, 253 1,540, 462 1,584, 541 1,603, 507 1,618, 864 1, 750, 866 1, 484, 408 985, 522 1859...... Comparative statement of exports from Philippine ports, 1890-1899. [From report of the Manila Chamber of Commerce.] SUGAR [Piculs.] [1 picul=137.9 (P. I.) United States pounds.] From- TO Year. Total. Total. Manila. Cebú. Iloilo. Great Britain. Nova Scotia Conti- China and nent of and Canada. Europe. Japan. Cali- fornia. 1890. 874,088 55, 280 1,431,054 2,360, 422 640, 656 997.85162905 576, 690 82, 8201 2,360, 422 1891 ...... 1,174,374 140, 2001, 357, 685 2,672, 259 781, 507 1, 604.072 87, 894 299, 286.... 2,672, 259 1892 ...... 1,089, 054 294, 220 2,571, 989 3,955, 263 1,181, 392 1, 505,872 48,5121, 219, 487.. 8,955, 263 1893... .. 1,712, 059 271,400 2, 203,523 4,186, 9821,577, 155 1,291, 421 69,493 1,248, 913 4,186,982 1894. 1,577,523 163, 172 1, 369,507 3,110,202978.719 910, 155 68,666 1, 152, 662 3,110,202 1895. 1,729, 665 213, 352, 1, 754, 315 3,697, 332 1,373, 433 1,055, 237 63, 149 1,205,513 3,697, 332 1896.. .. 1,563, 277 123, 2281,984, 519 3, 671, 024 901, 256 1,305, 828 55,946 1, 407, 994).. 3,671, 024 1897 .... 918, 114 247, 110 2,066, 786) 3, 232, 010 799, 5481 342, 5401 28, 862 2,061, 060.... 3, 232,010 1898 .. 251, 169 159, 469 2,449, 0232,859, 661) 675, 6701 520,752 2,8871, 660, 852).. 2,859, 661 1899 ...... 80, 374 210, 7801, 197,700 1,480,854 132,792 353, 680 164,033838, 349. 1, 488,854 COPRA. [Piculs.] From- To- Year. Total. Total. Manila. Cebu. Iloilo. Great Britain. Conti- nent of Europe. China, ete. 1890 1891. 1892.. 1893 .. 1894..... 1895 ....... 1896..... 1897 ..... 1898 ..... 1899 ...... 74,447 245, 309 259, 539 184, 304 512,729 549, 319 568, 329 765, 023 252, 840 215, 819 19,504 ... 44, 352 ... 49,200... 46, 414 ... 10, 562 .... 66, 282 9, 221 74, 447 245, 309 259, 589 184, 304 532, 233 593, 671 607,529 811, 437 263, 402 291, 322 2,894 73, 307 41,991 26, 400 121, 627 115, 097 49,200 57,614 12, 180 44,704 3, 200 131, 142 198, 737 129, 405 378, 746 451, 515 554, 112 752, 470 248, 655 246, 366 68, 353 40, 860 18, 811 28, 499 31, 860 27. 059 4,217 1,353 2,567 252 74,447 245, 809 259, 539 184, 304 582, 238 593, 671 607,529 811, 437 263, 402 291, 322 122 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Comparative statement of exports from Philippine ports, 1890–1899—Continued. LEAF TOBACCO. [Quintals.] [1 quintal=101.44 United States pounds.] To- Year. Total. Great Britain. United States. Conti- nent of Europe. China, ete. 1890.. 1891... 1892.... 1893... 1894..... 1895...... 1896.. 1897. 1898. 1899.. 2,706 7,664 5,334 15, 904 10,500 180 6,387 37, 008 21,893 20, 845 169, 328 195, 925 247, 160 213, 611 178, 599 203, 611 189, 973 253, 341 143, 153 89, 094 7,020 3,577 1, 352 1,153 1,795 3,576 23, 325 26, 363 9, 812 4, 322 179,054 207, 166 253, 850 230, 686 190, 904 207, 371 219, 729 316, 712 175, 170 114, 261 TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE PHILIPPINES. Value of merchandise imported and exported by the United States in trade with the Philip- pine Islands by annual average, by decades, 1848-1897. Imports. Exports. Years ended June 30. Total. Total. Total im- Excess of ports and imports over exports. exports. Free. Domestic Foreign mer- mer- chandise. chandise. Dutiable. Annual average: 1848-1857.. 1858-1867.. 1868-1877 ... 1878-1887... 1888-1892.. 1893-1897.. 1888-1897..... $38, 060 $2,080, 786 $2, 118, 846 89,8882, 565, 783 2,655, 071 232, 9725 , 788,5556, 021, 527 132, 7478,621, 660 8, 754, 407 1,888, 242 6,897, 746 8,785, 988 5,090, 512 962, 720 6,053, 232 3, 489, 377 3,930, 233 7,419, 610 $86, 462 77, 675 95.859 106, 304 130, 662 135, 207 132, 935 $5, 706 330 3,590 667 $92, 168 $2,211, 014 $2,026, 678 78, 005 2,733, 0762,577,066 99, 449 6, 120, 976 5,922, 078 106, 971 8, 861, 378 8,647, 436 130, 662 8, 916, 650 8,655, 326 135, 2286, 188, 4605,918, 004 132, 945 7,552,555 7,286, 665 21 10 Value of imports and exports of the United States in trade with the Philippine Islands, 1891 to 1900. Imports. Exports. Year ending June 30 Free. Dutiable. Total. Domestic. Foreign. Total. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899a 1900 a 3,087, 268 6, 239, 642 9, 117, 170 6,992, 364 3, 657, 952 2,599, 020 3,086, 057 3, 387, 168 3, 401, 157 5,031, 989 2,079, 941 69, 011 42, 687 15, 978 1,073, 414 2, 383, 837 1, 297, 683 443, 247 1,008, 617 939, 219 5, 167, 209 6, 308, 653 9, 159, 857 7,008, 342 4,731, 366 4,982, 857 4,383, 740 3,830, 415 4,409, 774 5,971, 208 124,572 60,914 154, 378 145, 466 119, 255 162,341 94, 597 127, 787 401. 258 2,635, 624 124, 572 60,914 154, 378 145, 466 119, 255 162, 446 94,597 127, 804 404,193 2,640, 449 105 2, 935 4,825 a Subject to revision. IMPORTS. Selected list of articles of import for the twelve months ending June, 1901, to show their relative market demand and the relations of the United States in value to the principal com- peting nations. Agricultural implements: Value. Plows, cultivators, and parts ....... $1,595 United States...... ....... per cent..61 All other implements....... 6,549 United Kingdom ....... ...... per cent..82 Brass, and manufactures of (Germany, England, United States). ... 94, 641 Cars, carriages, and other vehicles, and parts of, steam. 78, 382 United States... ..........per cent..95 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 123 Selected list of articles of import for the twelve months ending June, 1901, etc. Continued. Cycles, and parts of........ United States...... Cotton, and manufactures of: Cotton, raw United States..... United Kingdom .... Manufactures of, cloth... United States. United Kingdom .. Germany...... Loosely woven muslins United States ......... United Kingdom Wearing apparel..... United States ... Germany.... United Kingdom Iron, bar........ United States.. United Kingdom .. Sheets, and plates Great Britain Cutlery, all other .. United States.. Germany.... Great Britain ....... France........... ..*** Boilers and parts of engines. United States .... United Kingdom Sewing machines...... United States Germany...... Typewriter (machines). United States.... Boots and shoes ... United States... Spain ....... Beer in bottles.... United States..... United Kingdom Germany ..... Oil, illuminating . United States.. Russia Value. $82,132 .. per cent..92 69, 240 $82, 660 32, 354 . 4,580, 101 $66, 540 2,670, 174 184,066 ......... 2,453, 742 $18, 373 1,479, 223 773, 424 $4,676 211.883 110,983 68,571 $2,283 48, 371 218, 228 $211, 446 80,607 83.661 56, 196 5, 650 5,531 117, 213 $27, 119 73, 334 127,737 $34,914 66, 747 23,952 $22, 886 217,665 $10, 929 118, 843 $854, 474 ... 1,030, 698 33, 124 39, 818 451,349 822,748 307,002 EXPORTS. A selected list of articles of export from the Philippine Islands for the twelve months ending June, 1901, showing their quantity and value. Articles and countries. Quantities. Values. Books, maps, engravings, etc., exported to United Kingdom... Spain..... Hongkong...... British East Indies. .free.. ...do... ...do... ...do... 8825 117, 650 466 58 Total. 118, 199 . 105 275 22 Coffee, exported to United States ..... United Kingdom ... France ....... Spain....... Switzerland ...... China ..... Hongkong........... British East Indies .. German Oceania 705 .free.. lbs.. .....do... ...do... ....do... .. do.. .do... .do.. .do.. do. 974 1,658 202 6,479 638 7,909 42,814 21,320 ...*** 81,994 103 442 3,292 1,672 6,616 .free.. lbs.. do. 13, 882 | 2,000 Total. Copper, and manufactures of, exported to United Kingdom .. Spain..........***** China .........********** Hongkong... British East Indies.... Total... .....do.. ..do.. ......do.. 226, 892 3,861 22,069 370 244, 635 24, 439 124 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. A selected list of articles of export from the Philippine Islands for the twelve months ending June, 1901, showing their quantity and value-Continued. Articles and countries. Quantities. Values. 17,872 74, 635 83 187 $2,402, 867 9,849, 527 10,500 32, 332 Fibers, vegetable, textile grasses, and manufactures of: Hemp (manila) exported to United States.. United Kingdom. France.. Spain. China Hongkong ...... Japan ......... ... British East Indies. Dutch East Indies. Australasia....... Egypt .............. Canada....... dut..tons.. .do.... ........do.... ...do.... ..do... ..do.... ..do.... do.... .do.... ....do.... ...do.... ...do.... 9,169 2,090 1,450 1,126, 713 300, 510 201, 109 149 253, 353 272, 600 3, 450 2,034 1,691 19 Total.. 109, 231 14,453, 110 .free.. lbs. 47, 165 4,035 Fish: Trepang, exported to British East Indies.. All other, exported to Hongkong. Japan... British East Indies ... 14,725 ..do... ..do.... ........do.... 127, 365 308 97,280 150 7,803 22, 678 Total. 224, 953 Fruits and nuts: Cocoanuts, exported to France...... Hongkong....... British East Indies... ..dut. ..............do... ............do... 14,400 515 130 Total.. 15, 045 United States....... United Kingdom. Germany. France ... Spain. Austria-Hungary China ... Hongkong........ Japan... British East Indies Egypt .. .....dut.. ..do... .do... ..do... ...do... ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do... ..do.... .do... 4,450 126,580 480 1,759, 577 547, 529 77,765 184 1,074 45,000 39, 970 45, 696 Total 2, 648, 305 Gums and resins: Copal, exported to United Kingdom .. Germany...... France ......... Hongkong....... Japan ..... British East Indies ........ free... .......do....... ....do...... ....do... ..do.... ..do... 30, 621 2, 793 1, 690 635 150 74,047 Total. 109,936 Glue, exported to Hongkong ........ British East Indies ... .free. .......do..... 8,140 867 Total.. 9, 007 Pitch, exported to- France..... Hongkong .. Total. .free...... .do..... 1, 250 500 1,750 All other, exported to United Kingdom ... Germany.. France Hongkong British East Indies .free.. ..do. 2,757 575 ..do... ..do.. ..do... 300 295 9,767 Total. 13,964 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 125 A selected list of articles of export from the Philippine Islands for the twelve months ending June, 1901, showing their quantity and value--Continued. Articles and countries. Quantities. Values. Oils: Cocoanut oil, exported to Hongkong ..... British East Indies .... ..free..galls.. .........do.... 810 105 Total......... 115 .free.. Ylang-ylang oil, exported to- United States .. Germany.... France.. Hongkong..... British East Indies.... .do. .do.... 2,000 1,150 28,385 9, 290 1,150 do... do Total. 41,975 All other, exported to- United Kingdom ........ France ................ Spain............... Hongkong.......... .free. do. ....do. 225 12,027 1,213 700 Total.. 14, 165 511 .free.. .do. Perfumery, cosmetics, etc., exported to- United States .. United Kingdom.... Germany...... France .... Hongkong... British East Indies. Australasia... 8,530 1,725 1,200 Total........ 11, 966 Shells: Mother-of-pearl, exported to United Kingdom Germany.. Hongkong....... British East Indies .. .free. .do.. 4, 737 850 6, 603 120, 302 do... do.. Total. 132, 492 Tortoise shell, exported to- Hongkong ..... British East Indies ...... ..free. .do.. 4,090 3,514 Total..... 7, 604 2,765 All other, exported to- United States .. United Kingdom Germany.... France ..... Austria-Hungary. Hongkong... British East Indies.. .free.. ..do.. .do.. ...do... ...do.. 5,972 2,764 1,500 1,320 8,250 11,321 33,892 .do.. .do.. Total. dut.. lbs.. .....do.... 4,747, 555 15, 431, 980 149 93, 472 185, 593 12 ...do... .do.. .do... . ... .... .. . .. 51, 394, 248 52, 173, 560 9 12,374 1,071, 612 do.... ... . Sugar, raw or brown, exported to- United States.... United Kingdom... Spain...........******* China Hongkong... Japan ....... Egypt. Total... Tobacco, and manufactures of: Suitable for wrappers, exported to- United Kingdom... Germany... Spain...... Austria-Hungary China ...... **** Hongkong .. British East Indies. 123, 747, 492 2, 293, 063 400 dut..lbs. ...do.... ....do.... .....do.... ......do.... ....do. .....do....! 840 23, 676 7,039, 763 2,589, 296 4, 617 11, 758 63, 221 2,625 428, 949 157, 466 728 1. 130 12, 419 126 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. A selected list of articles of export from the Philippine Islands for the twelve months ending June, 1901, showing their quantity and value-Continued. Articles and countries. Quantities. Values. Tobacco, and manufactures of-Continued. Suitable for wrappers, exported to—Continued. Dutch East Indies.. Australasia Argentina.. .dut.. lbs.. ....do.... ....do.... ....do.... 4, 191 3,176 5, 262 506 $856 1,072 200 Guam 65 Total 9,746, 306 605, 910 All other unmanufactured, exported to United Kingdom.... Germany....-- France ....... .dut.. lbs.. ....do.... ....do.... .do.... 169 2,198 169 297, 469 40, 175 Spain... 1,414 12, 458 1,394 7,333, 148 788, 882 171 4, 246 3, 317 .do.... .do.... do. .do. do... 75 Austria-Hungary .... Netherlands.. China ..... Hongkong .... Japan ... British East Indies. Dutch East Indies. Argentina.. Uruguay... Hawaiian Islands ... Australasia ... .do.... .do.... .do.... .do.... 15, 896 46 5, 288 5, 262 3,381 7,816 930 15 2, 913 10 150 156 636 2,200 do.... ..do... Total. 8, 182,794 347,610 Manufactures of cigars, exported to (selected list) United States .... United Kingdom ... Germany......... France .......... Spain ..... Italy............. Austria-Hungary. China.... Hongkong........ Japan.. British East Indies Dutch East Indies Australasia.. British Africa Canada .....dut.. ...do...... ...do.... ..do... .do... .do..... .do..... .do.. 5,027 201, 591 43,421 35, 303 13,901 5, 008 12, 115 63, 978 237, 111 10, 260 127, 039 10,237 341, 899 17, 450 4, 351 .do.. .do... ..do..... ..do...... ...do....... ....do........ ....do........ Total, including smaller amounts. 1,250, 175 COINS, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES. Coins.--The chief medium of exchange in the Philippine Islands is the Mexican silver dollar (peso) of 416 grains of silver of the fineness of 902. In 1897 the Spanish Government issued a distinctive Fili- pino peso, which has circulated side by side with the Mexican silver dollar. This Filipino peso, containing less pure silver than the Mexi- can dollar, is still in circulation, but constitutes only a small percentage of the amount of silver in use in the islands. The exchange value of the Mexican dollar fixed by the Philippine Commission was 50 cents. The coins in current circulation in the Philippines are: (a) Spanish Filipino silver peso. (1) Mexican dollar. (c) Filipino silver half dollar. (d) Filipino silver half peseta, 10 cents. (e) Filipino copper cuartos and centavos. A centavo=1 cent and a cuarto to of a dollar; 1 cuarto = 0.014 of a dollar; 20 cuartos = 1 real (or 12 cents); 8 reals or 100 centavos or 160 cuartos = 1 peso, or duro. The value of foreign coins in occasional use, not including rates of exchange, is: 1 haikwan (China) tael, January 1, 1892.. = $0.68 United States. 1 rupee (silver) India... . 324 United States. 1 yen, Japan ..... . 498 United States. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 127 The British dollar" has the same legal value as the Mexican dollar in Hongkong, the Straits Settlements, and Lauban. The sovereign is the standard coin in India, but the rupee is the money of account. The Netherlands florin used in the Dutch Indies (Java, etc.) fluctuated up to the year 1880, when it became fixed at 40.2 cents United States. The gold standard was adopted in Japan October 1, 1897. A local silver coin in use in the Philippine Islands and still familiar to the people is the salapí (broadly meaning money), the Tagálog word for a $0.50 Spanish coin. The local names in trade for subdivisions of the salapí are: Tatlong bahague = $0.37 of Mexican dollar. Cahati ... .25 of Mexican dollar. Sicápat.. . 12 of Mexican dollar. Sicolo...... .06 of Mexican dollar. The unit of the above is the cuarto (copper) or cualta in Tagalog, struck in Spain for circulation in the Pilippines, = Mexican 0.01), (80 cuartos = Mexican dollar). Grando C, the local name in Mindanao for a brass round coin, value 8 or 10 cents Mexican or 5 cents gold. The gold coins of the United States and the United States silver dollar have gen- erally passed current in the cities since the American occupation at the rate of 2 local dollars for 1 dollar of the United States. The paper currency of the Philippines is now limited to the issues of the Spanish- Filipino Bank, and American paper money. Weights and measures.-The metrical system of weights and measures as author- ized by sections 3569 and 3570 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, and at present in use in the Philippine Islands, shall be continued. (Act (No. 230) Sep- tember 17, 1901, section 9, Philippine tariff.) Measure (metric) terms in most common use: = 2.838 United States bushels. Hectoliter .... 26. 417 United States gallons. Kilogram ... 2. 2046 United States pounds. Kilometer.... = 0.62137 United States mile. Liter 1.0567 United States quarts. Meter ..... = 39.37 United States inches. Meter, square. 10.764 United States feet. Meter, cubic (stere) -- 3 1.307 United States cubic yards. = 35.3 United States cubic feet. The natives measure and sell rice and paddy by the cavan and its fractions. The caván dry measure is as follows, viz: 4 apatáns...... .-= 1 chupa. 8 chupas = 1 ganta. 25 gantas ... = 1 caván. 1 ganta....... .. = 3 liters or 3.1701 United States quarts. The equivalents of which in United States measure are: 1 apatán............ = 0.16875 of a pint. 1 chupa .. = 0.675 of a pint. 1 ganta... = 2 quarts, 13 pint. 1 caván = 16 gallons, 3 quarts, 1 pint. Rice of foreign importation is weighed and quoted by the picul, or 137.9 (Philip pine) United States pounds, subdivided as follows: 16 taels ... = 1 catty. 10 catties.. = 1 chinanta. 10 chinantas. = 1 picul. Grain and liquid measures. 1 caván. = 25 gantas = 75 liters. 1 ganta = 8 chupas = 3 liters. 1 chupa.... = liter. Although the metrical system has been officially adopted in the Philippines, the following weights and measures of Spanish origin are more or less in use, viz: Arroba (dry) = 25 libras = 25.36 pounds. Arroba (liquid) = 4.263 gallons. Bayon, a woven grass sack of indefinite capacity for the transportation of Filipino sugar. (128 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Fardo, a local weight for tobacco, = 33 Spanish pounds, = 33.475 United States pounds. League = linear measure 2.634 United States miles. Libra = weight measure 1.0144 pounds. Milla = linear measure, 1,760 yards, or 1,609.3 meters. Pie = linear 0.9478 foot. Quintal (dry) = 4 arrobas = 101.44 pounds. Quintal (metric) = 220.46. Ton (tonelada), space measure, = 40 cubic feet. Ton, weight measure, = 20 metric quintals. Vara, linear measure, = 0.914117 yard, or 33.384 inches, United States. 1 hectare, land measure, Spanish, = 2.471 United States acres. 1 quiñón, land measure, square, 100 loanes, = 2.79495 acres; hectares = 6.89 acres. 1 square meter = 10.764 United States feet. 1 cubic meter (stere) = 1.307 United States cubic yards, or 35.3 cubic feet. The picul varies in different countries as follows: .. 135.64 United States pounds. China, Japan, and Sumatra .. 133} United States pounds. Java .... 135.1 United States pounds. Philippine Islands .. 137.9 United States pounds. 16 piculs... 1 ton, United States. 2 piculs.. = 1 bale (hemp). Liter (dry) = 0.908 quart. Liter (liquid) = 1.056 quarts. Tael. .. = 509.75 grains troy. Chingo and Celebes countries as follcubic yards, or 3 Table of distances between Manila and other Philippine Islands points. [Distance direct in statute miles, unless otherwise stated, between Manila and the capital of each province or chief town of group or island.] Capital or chief town. Province, group, or island. Route. Stat. m. ....do.. 238 262 414 606 308 515 35 143 441 29 90 213 59 111 530 591 134 232 From Manila to- Agutaya........ Cuyos Group, Sulu Sea. .. Via Mindoro Strait.. Albay Albay, North Luzón.. .....do... Via Straits of San Bernardino, Visayan Sea, and Verde passage. Bacolod ... Negros Occidental, Visayan Islands. ....do Via Guimarás Strait, Mindoro and China seas. Bacolor.. Pampanga, North Luzon. Baguió .. Benguet, North Luzón... Balábac. Balábac Group, Sulu Sea.. Balanga .. Bataan, North Luzon.... Baler ..... Príncipe, North Luzon .. Bangued ... Abra, North Luzón... Batangas Batangas, South Luzón..... ..do .... Via Verde passage.. Bato Lanao. Mindanao. Via Misamis. ..do ... Via Cotabato. Bayombong. Nueva Vizcaya, North Luzon Binangonan de Infanta, South Luzón...... Lampón. Birac ..... Catanduanes (Albay), Paci- fic Ocean, South Luzón. Boac.. Marinduque Island, Min- doro Sea. Cagayán.... Cagayán Sulu, Sulu Sea .... Calapán .. Mindanao. .....do.... | Via Mindoro Sea Cápiz. Cápiz Panay, Visayan .. Islands. ....do .... Via Verde passage. Catbalogan...... Samar, Visayan Islands..... .....do... Via Seas of Sámar and Visaya and Verde Pas- sage. Cayán.. Lepanto, N. Luzón... Cavite.. Cavite, S. Luzon. By bay .... .....do.. Via all road ... ....do.... Via road from Bacoor, opposite. Cebú Cebú, Visayan Islands. .....do.... | Via Visayan Sea, Mindoro Sea, and Verde Passage. Coron .... Calamianes, China Sea .. Cotabato .. Cotabato, Mindanao... .....do .... Via Célebes Sea. Basilan Strait. Sulu and Mindoro seas, Mindoro Strait, and China Sea. 97 540 82 120 242 310 328 395 170 357 466 197 552 748 CIGAR MAKERS AND BUYERS, MANILA. LUZÓN. DRYING HEMP IN THE WHARF ON NORTH SIDE OF PÁSIG RIVER, MANILA, LUZÓN. DRYING SUGAR, IN SAN MIGUEL DISTRICT, MANILA, LUZÓN. HAULING LOGS IN TÁRLAC, LUZÓN. RIPPING OUT BOARDS IN MANILA, LUZON. DRYING MEAT OR “TAPA.” DRYING CARABAO HIDES, MANILA, LUZÓN. BUNDLES OF RATTAN, MANILA, LUZÓN. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 129 Table of distances between Manila and Philippine Islands points-Continued. Capital or chief town. Province, group, or island. Route. Stat. m. 257 443 524 610 995 211 64 165 20 235 493 569 306 116 Cuyo ...... Cuyos Group, Sulu Sea ..... Dapitan.. Dapitan, Mindanao.. ..do.......... Via Sulu and Mindoro seas, Mindoro Strait, and China Sea. Dávao ..... Dávao, Mindanao .. ...do ................ Via Davao Guli, Sarangani and Basilan straits, Sulu Sea, Mindoro Strait, and China Sea. Dumaguete... Negros Oriental, Visayan Islands. ..do ..... Via Tañón Strait, Visayan and Mindoro seas, and Verde Passage. Iba'... Zambales, N. Luzón ..... Ilagan. Isabela, N. Luzon. Iloilo.. Iloilo, Panay, Visayan Is- lands. .....do............ Via Iloilo and Mindoro straits. Isabela. Basilan Group, Mindanao, Sulu Sea. Laoag ...... Ilocos Norte, N. Luzón ..... Lingayen.. Pangasinan, N. Luzón ...... Lucena.... Tayabas, S. Luzon .... .....do ............. Via Verde Passage... Malolos... Bulacan, N. Luzón... Masbate.. Masbate, Visayan Islands .. Misamis .. Mindanao ........... ..do ....... Via Iligan Bay, Sulu Sea, Mindoro Strait, and China Sea. Musa (Fuga Is- | Babuyanes Group, Cagayan, lands). N. Luzón (Pacific Ocean). Nueva Cáceres..... Ambos Camarines, S. Luzon Pasig..... Rizal, S. Luzón ....... Puerto Princesa ... Palawan (Paragua), Sulu Sea. Romblon. Romblon, Visayan Islands.. ....do .......... Via Verde Passage.. Santo Domingo de Batanes, Cagayán, N. Luzón ... Basco. (Pacific Ocean). San Fernando..... Unión, N. Luzón...... San Isidro Nueva, Ecija, N. Luzón. San José.. Corregidor, S. Luzón.. San José de Buena Antique, Panay ..... Vista, .....do ............. Via Mindoro Strait.......... Santa Cruz. ... Laguna, S. Luzón.. .....do...................... Via Laguna de Bay and Pasig River ...... Sorsogon ..... Sorsogón, S. Luzon... .....do.................. Via Verde Passage ...... .. Sulu.... Sulu Islands. Sulu Archi- pelago, Sulu Sea. Surigao..... Mindanao ... | Via Surigao, Visayan, and Mindoro seas and Verde Passage. Tacloban... Leyte, Visayan Islands. .....do ............. ... Via San Juanico Strait, Daram Passage, San Bernardino Strait, Mindoro Sea, and Verde Passage. Tagbilaran ... Bohol, Visayan Islands..... Tárlac. Tárlac, N. Luzón........... Tatán Tawi Tawi Islands, Sulu Archipelago, Sulu Sea. Tuguegarao. Cagayan, N. Luzón...... Vigan ...... Ilocos Sur, N. Luzon.. Zamboanga Mindanao .do. Via Sulu, Mindoro, and China seas 869 167 219 410 150 276 316 34 170 236 828 595 459 ..do ..... 537 ........... .................. . ............. 860 414 388 69 685 211 210 561 585 Table of distances between Manila and commercial centers on lines of steam and sail communication. [International routes: The figures represent the shortest navigable distances in nautical miles on the tracks of full-powered steam vessels to commercial centers named.] From Manila to- Naut. miles. Acapulco, Mexico: To Honolulu (United States), 4,950; to Acapulco, 3,310. 8, 260 Adelaide, S. Australia. (See Port Darwin.) Amoy, China..... 666 Auckland, New Zealand: To Torres Strait, 2,032; to Sydney, 1,740; to Auckland, 1,284 5,056 (To Torres Strait, 2,032; to Auckland direct, 2,570). 4,602 S. Doc. 280— 9* 130 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Table of distances between Manila and commercial centers on lines of steam and sail communication-Continued. 3, 720 1,750 720 From Manila to- Naut. miles. Bangkok, Siam..... 1,440 Batavia, Java, capital of the Dutch possessions in Asia: Via Singapore...... 1,386 Via Sulu and Celebes seas, Macassar Strait, Java Sea .... 1,560 Bonham Islands, Pacific Ocean (German) to Jaluit.. 1,520 [Thence to Honolulu, 2,098.] Brisbane, Queensland, Australia: To Torres Strait, 2,032; to Brisbane, 1,260. 3,292 Brito, Nicaragua, Central America, the Pacific entrance to the proposed Nicaragua inter- oceanic ship canal: To Guam 1,506; to Brito, 7,260........ 8, 766 Calcutta, Bengal, Hindustan, capital of the British India Empire: To Singapore, 1,386; to Calcutta, 1,630....... ..................................... 3,016 Callao, Peru, South America: To Guam, United States, 1,506; to Pago Pago, Samoa, United States, 3,097; to Callao, 5,609 .... ..... 10,212 Canton, China: To Hongkong, China, 628; to Canton, 75........ 703 Caroline Islands (German), Pacific Ocean: To Guam, United States, 1,506; to Jamestown Harbor, 870..... 2,376 Chefu, China........ 1,530 Chemulph, Korea, seaport of Seoul, capital of Korea. 1,560 To Hongkong, 628; to Shanghai, 859; to Chemulph, 530 ..... 2,017 Fiji Islands, Levuka (British), Pacific Ocean: To Pelew, 1,020; to Levuka, 2,700.. Fuchau, China..... 720 Guam, Ladrone Islands, United States: Northern route... Southern route, via San Bernardino Strait......... 1,506 Hongkong, China (British) 628 Honolulu, Pacific Ocean, United States: Northern route........ 4,950 Southern route, to Guam, 1,506; to Honolulu, 3,337. 4,843 King Georges Sound, western Australia. (See Port Darwin.) Kiungchau, Hainan (French) ........ Kwandang, Celebes Islands (Dutch)...... 840 Macao, China (Portuguese)....... 630 Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean (German): To Guam, 1,506; to Marshall Islands, 1,620...... 3,126 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. (See Port Darwin.) Midway Islands, Pacific Ocean: To Guam, 1,506, to Midway Islands, 2, 302 .. 3, 808 Nagasaki, Japan.. 1,365 New York: Via Cape of Good Hope and intermediate points: To Singapore, 1,386; to Batavia and Sunda Strait, 500; to Mauritius, 2, 950; Mauritius to Cape of Good Hope, 2,290; Sunda Strait to Cape of Good Hope, 5,070; to St. Vincent, 3,896; to New York, 2,919- Via Mauritius..... 13,841 Via cape, direct...... 13, 771 Via Cape Horn and intermediate points: To Guam, United States, 1,506; to Tutuila, 3,097; to Punta Arenas (Straits of Magellan, South America), 5,197; to Montevideo, 1,312; to Rio de Janeiro, 1,056 (to New York, 4,778); to Pernambuco, 745 (to New York, 3,696); to Barbados, 2,184 (to New York, 1,828); to St. Thomas, 446 (to New York, 1,428) Via Rio de Janeiro, direct .. Via Rio de Janeiro, St. Thomas, and intermediate points ..... ....... 16, 971 Via proposed Nicaragua ship canal and intermediate points: To Guam, United States, 1,506; to Brito, Pacific outlet of proposed canal, 7,260; to Greytown, 160; to New York, 1,771...... ..... 10,697 To New Orleans, United States.... ... 10,096 Via proposed Panama ship canal and intermediate points: To Guam, United States. 1,506; to Panama, 7,200: to Colon (Aspinwall), 44; to New York, 1,981................. 10, 731 To New Orleans, United States....... ...... 10, 130 Via Suez Maritime Canal and intermediate points: To Singapore (Straits Settlements), 1,386; to Colombo, Ceylon, 1,560; to Aden, southern entrance to the Red Sea, 2,131; to Suez, 1,310; to Port Said, Mediterranean entrance to Suez Canal, 90; to Malta, 980; Suez Canal, to Brindisi, 940; to Marseilles, 1, 537; to Gibraltar, 1,920; Gibraltar to New York, 3,204.. 11, 601 Papua: New Guinea, Pacific Ocean (British), Port Moresby, on the S. coast, near lat. 95, lon. 147 E., to Torres Strait, 2,032; to Port Moresby, 540.... 2,572 New Guinea, Pacific Ocean (Dutch), to Sorong on W. coast, opposite Sala wati. 2, 362 New Guinea, Pacific Ocean (German), to Friederich Wilhelmshaven, the NE, coast.... 1.560 Pelew Islands (Korror Harbor, German).. 1, 020 Pointianack, W. coast of Borneo (Dutch) .... 1,080 Port Arthur, Manchuria (China-Russia)..... 1, 620 Port Darwin, N. coast of Australia (N. territory of S. Australia).. 1, 692 To King Georges Sound, W. Australia, 2,100...... 3,792 To Adelaide, S. Australia, via King Georges Sound .... 4,832 To Melbourne, Victoria, via King Georges Sound ......... Port Townsend, Puget Sound, Washington, United States, to Yokohama, 1,680; to Port Townsend, 4,240 .. 5, 920 Saigon, Indo-China (French)....... 930 Sandakan, NE. coast Borneo (British).... 585 San Francisco, via San Bernardino Strait, to Guam, 1,506; to Honolulu, 3,337; to San Fran- Cisco, 2,100 ................ San Francisco, via Yokohama, Japan, to Yokohama, 1,680; to San Francisco, 4,791... .... . Sarabaya, Java (Dutch), via Sulu and Celebes seas, Macassar Strait...... Shanghai, China...... Singapore......... (Hongkong to Singapore, 1,400). .......... 16, 946 5, 142 400 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 131 Table of distances between Manila and commercial centers on lines of steam and sail com- munication-Continued. From Manila to- Naut. miles. Solomon Islands (Ugi Island, British) to Pelew Islands, Korror Harbor, 1,020; to Ugi, 1,920... 2,940 (Ugi to Sydney, Australia, 1,560.) Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (British): Via Torres Strait.... 3,772 Via Sydney, to Wellington, New Zealand, 1,280...... 5,052 Taiwan Fu, Formosa, Japan.... 540 Tahiti, Society Islands, Pacific Ocean (French), to Guam, 1,506; to Pago Pago, Samoa United States, 3,097; to Tahiti, 1,308 ....... 5, 911 Tientsin, China: To Shanghai, 1,680: to Tientsin, 729... 2, 409 To Pekin, via Peiho River, 120........... 2,529 To Pekin, by road, 80 ... 2, 489 Via Nagasaki, Japan, to Nagasaki, 1,365; to Tientsin, 940 ...... 2, 305 Torres Strait, Australia ....... 2,032 Tutuila, Samoa, United States, to Guam, 1,506; to Pago Pago, Tutuila, 3,097 ..... 4,603 Valparaiso, Chile, South America, to Guam, United States, 1,506; to Pago Pago, Samoa, United States, 3,097; to Tahiti, 1,308; to Valparaiso, Chile, 4,310.... 10, 221 Vladivostoc, E. Siberia, Amur terminus (Pacific) of the Siberian Railway, to Nagasaki, 1,311; to Vladivostoc, 699 ..... 2,010 Wake Island, United States: To Guam, United States, 1,506; to Wake Island, 1.140..... 2,646 To San Francisco, via Wake Island, to Wake Island, 2,646; to Honolulu, 2,197; to San Francisco, 2,100.... Wellington: To Torres Strait, 2,032; to Sydney, Australia, 1,740; to Wellington, 1,280 .... 5,052 To Torres Strait, 2,032; to Wellington, 2,580 .... 4, 612 Yokohama, Japan. 1,680 6,943 UNITED STATESMILITARY OCCUPATION AND GOVERNMENT. The following is a summary of events connected with the United States military operations of conquest and occupation in the Philippine Islands: The act of Congress April 21, 1898, declared a state of war with Spain, followed two days later by a proclamation of the President calling for 125,000 volunteers. The same day the United States con- sul at Manila departed for Hongkong. About a week later (May 1) the Asiatic Squadron, United States Navy, destroyed the Spanish ships in Manila Bay. On May 3 Cavite arsenal was occupied from the American ships. DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC AND EIGHTH ARMY CORPS. 1898, May 16, MAJ. GEN. WESLEY MERRITT, U. S. A. The insufficiency of force for a land attack necessitated the holding of Manila Bay and Cavite arsenal until troops could be transported from the United States. On May 25 the First California and Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, 5 companies of the Fourteenth United States Infantry, and a detachment of California Volunteer Artillery, Brig. G en. T. M. Anderson, U. S. V., commanding, comprising 155 officers, 3,428 men, the advance expeditionary force, sailed from San Francisco, Cal., for Manila, arriving June 30. This was followed by other expeditions as rapidly as fitted out. On June 21 the commanding officer of the U. S. S. Charleston received the formal surrender of Guam, an island of the Ladrone group, 1,506 naut. m. E. of San Bernardino Strait, the S. route around Luzon, and a convenient port of call and coal for American trans- ports passing between the United States and Manila by the Pacific route. 132 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. On July 7 the American squadron took formal possession of Isla Grande in Súbic Bay, on the China Sea coast, N. of Manila Bay entrance. The commander of the Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps arrived at Cavite, Manila Bay, July 25. After an ineffectual demand (August 7) upon the Spanish commander, now surrounded within the city by sea and land, a combined attack (August 13) forced the surrender of Manila and the authorities of Spain, leaving the United States master of the Philippine Islands. A proclamation (August 14) from the Commanding General to the people of the Philippine Islands declared (1) the existence of war and destruction of Spanish authority; (2) assured protection in civil and religious affairs; (3) announced a government of military occupation and that municipal laws affecting private rights would be respected; (4) creating a provost-martial district for police regulation; (5) the port of Manila and others occupied by the United States were declared open to the commerce of all neutral nations in merchandise not con- traband of war, and payment of duties at the time of importation; (6) extended protection to places devoted to religious worship, arts, science, education, and museums; (7) gave assurance of good will on the part of the Commanding General in pursuance of his appointment as military governor. On August 15 general orders were issued for the assumption of civil government by the United States military authorities in the city of Manila and district of Cavite and making assignments of officers for that duty. On August 16 the commander of the United States land forces of Manila received a cablegram from the President announcing the sig- nature of a protocol of agreement (August 12, 1898), embodying in six articles the terms of a basis for the establishment of peace, declaring a cessation of hostilities, and that the United States would occupy and hold the city, bay, and harbor of Manila pending the conclusion of a treaty of peace which should determine the control, dispo government of the Philippine Islands. The insurgents permitted to enter with the American troops on Sep- tember 8 were ordered to withdraw from the entire city of Manila, its suburbs, and defenses. These orders after fruitless correspondence were obeyed, an exception being made in the districts of Paco and Pan- dacan south of the Pasig River. and UNITED STATES MILITARY GOVERNOR IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 1898, AUGUST 28, MAJ. GEN. WESLEY MERRITT, U: S. A. EIGHTH ARMY CORPS. 1898, AUGUST 28, MAJ. GEN. E. S. OTIS, U. S. V. DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC AND MILITARY GOVERNOR IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 1898, AUGUST 29, MAJ. GEN. E. S. Otis, U. S. V. On October 7 the civil courts as they existed under Spain were per- mitted to resume subject to supervision of the interests of military occupation. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 133 On October 10 the Commanding General for precautionary reasons ordered the insurgents from Paco, Pandacan, and other points established by survey to be within the city limits. This was reluctantly complied with on October 25 to points indicated by the Commanding General. On October 14 the Eighth Army Corps was reorganized to conform to the requirements of the large force already concentrated at aggregating 641 officers and 15,058 men. This movement of men a distance of 6,943 m. by sea was accomplished without loss other than from natural causes and a smaller percentage than in private life. tus maintained according to the terms of the protocol termi- nated in the complete establishment of United States authority under the treaty signed at Paris December 10, 1898. SUPREME EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY. THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THEODORE ROOSEVELT, Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States and of the militia of the several States when called into the actual service of the United States (Constitution of the United States, 1787, Article II, section 2), and administrator of the Constitution, laws, and treaties. POWERS.--"All military, civil, and judicial powers necessary to govern the Philippine Islands, acquired from Spain by the treaties concluded at Paris on the tenth day of December, eighteen hun- Cred and ninety-eight, and at Washington on the seventh day of November, nineteen hundred, shall, until otherwise provided by Congress, be vested in such person and persons and shall be exercised in such manner as the President of the United States shall direct, for the establishment of civil govern- ment and for maintaining and protecting the inhabitants of saiu islands in the free enjoyment of their liberty, property, and religion: Provided, That all franchises granted under the authority hereof shall contain a reservation of the right to alter, amend, or repeal the same. "Until a permanent government shall have been established in said archipelago full reports shall be made to Congress on or before the first day of each regular session of all legislative acts and pro- ceedings of the temporary government instituted under the provisions hereof; and full reports of the acts and doings of said government, and as to the condition of the archipelago and of its people, shall be made to the President, including all information which may be useful to the Congress in providing for a more permanent government: Provided, That no sale or lease or other disposition of the public lands or the timber thereon or the mining rights therein shall be made: And provided further, That no franchise shall be granted which is not approved by the President of the United States and is not in his judgment clearly necessary for the immediate government of the islands and indispensable for the interest of the people thereof, and which can not, without great public mis- chief, be postponed until the establishment of permanent civil government; and all such franchises shall terminate one year after the establishment of such permanent civil government. "All laws or parts of laws inconsistent with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed." (An act making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, approved March 2, 1901.) KINGS OF SPAIN SINCE THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FORMED PART OF THE MONARCHY, AFTER THEIR DISCOVERY BY HERNANDO DE MAGELLAN. 1521-1556......Charles I, grandson of Ferdinand V, of Castile, conqueror of Grenada and Navarre and King of all Spain, Emperor of Germany as Charles V 1519. Resigned both crowns and retired to a monastery in 1556. 1556-1598......Philip II. 1598-1621...... Philip IIT. 1621-1665......Philip Iy. At war with the Dutch and French and lost Portugal (1640). 1665-1700......Charles II. The last of the Austrian line. 1700-1724......Philip V. Duke of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV, of France. Resigned. 1724-1724.. ... Louis I. Died a few months after accession. 1724-1746..-... Philip V. Restored. 1746-1759...... Ferdinand VI. The wise, liberal, and beneficent. 1759-1788...... Charles III. 1788-1808......Charles IV. Abdicated in favor of his son. Forced to abdicate by Napoleon Bonaparte of France. 1808-1808...... Ferdinand VII. Also forced by Napoleon of France to abdicate. 1808-1813......Joseph Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon of France. Forced to abdicate. 1813-1833...... Ferdinand VII. Restored. 1833-1868...... Isabeila II. Deposed. 1868-1873.. .Amadeo I. Savoy. Abdicated. 1873-1874.. .The Republic. Founded February 11, 1873. 1874-1885.. ... Alphonso XII, son of Isabella II. 1885-1886. ..... Maria Mercedes Isabella replaced by her brother. 1886-1898... ... December 10. Alphonso XIII. Proclained May 17. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 1898-1901. . WILLIAM MCKINLEY, of Ohio, ..THEODORE ROOSEVELT, of New York, 1901.. 134 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. DEPARTMENT OF WAR, ELIHU ROOT, SECRETARY, Representative of the President of the United States in the administration of military and civil affairs in the Philippine Islands. Foreign countries having consuls in the Philippine Islands January 1, 1902. Country. Residence. Jurisdiction. Rank. Consul. Do. ...do..... Do. ....do.... Cebu .. Consul-general. Consul. Do. In charge. Consul. Vice-consul. Consul. Do. Austria-Hungary...... Manila ..... Philippine Islands .... Belgium. .....do.... Chile. .....do ... .....do... China ...... .....do ..... Denmark.. ....do..... ....do ..... France ..... .....do. .do ..... Germany.. Cebu ..... Manila. Philippine Islands .. Great Britain.. Cebu ... Cebu .. Manila Philippine Islands .. Italy .....do.... .do.. Japan ...... .....do ...... Liberia ..... do.. Mexico..... .do.. Netherlands. .do.. Portugal .............do.. Russia Spain.. Iloilo.. Manila .. Philippine Island Sweden and Norway.. .....do ... Switzerland ... l.....do... ..do ...... Uruguay ....... 1.....do ..... ....do ..... ...do .. ..do ....... .do..... Vice-consul. Consul. Do. Do. .do. Iloilo. Do. Acting vice-consul. Consul. Consul-general. Consul. .do..... Do. Do. In terms Spain ceded to the United States the archipelago known as the Philippine Islands, and comprising the islands within the following line. (See Boundaries Philippine Islands.) The United States to pay to Spain the sum of twenty million (20,000,000) dollars within three months after the exchange of the ratification of the Treaty. (Art. III.) Upon the exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty, Spain to evacuate the Philippines and the island of Guam. (Art. V.) The Treaty also contained capitulations of accession, cession, and concession, part of or incidental to transfer of jurisdiction, defining the status of individuals and rights closing out the dispossessed power. (Ratifications advised by the Senate February 6, 1899; ratified by the President February 6; ratified by the Queen Regent of Spain March 9; exchanged at Washington April 11; proclaimed at Wash- ington April 11, 1899.) To remove any ground of misunderstanding growing out of the interpretation of Article III of the Treaty of Peace, under a treaty between the same contracting powers signed at Washington November 7,1900, sole article Spain "relinquished to the United States any and all islands belonging to the Philippine Archipelago lying outside the lines described in that article, and particularly to the islands of Cagayan, de Sulu, and Sibutu, and their dependencies," and agreed that they should be comprehended in the cession of the archipelago as fully as if they had been expressly included in within those lines.” The amount paid by the United States was $100,000. The first event toward the restoration of commercial activity under United States jurisdiction, antedating even the first instructions of the President, was the receipt, December 13, by the military governor of GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 135 a petition signed by business men and firms at Iloilo (island of Panay), asking for American occupation and protection. In response to this request fifteen days later (December 28), the first United States military expedition of occupation of the other islands sailed from Manila. Upon arrival off the Visayan city, in deference to a request representing the business interests, the city being in the hands of the insurgents and threatened with fire and pillage, a landing was postponed until February 11. The place, no longer tenable, was fired and evacuated. The United States troops took immediate pos- session. After several engagements in pursuit the country around Jaro and Molo was cleared of insurgents. On December 28, 1898, the United States military governor pro- claimed the instructions of the President of the United States of December 21, transmitted by cable by the Secretary of War, chiefly municipal law, to remain in force as far as applicable, and to be admin- istered by ordinary tribunals presided over by the representatives of the people the functions of civil and municipal government to be performed by persons chosen, as far as possible, " from the inhabi- tants of the island," and the management of public property, revenues, and transportation to be conducted under the military authorities until replaced by civil administration. In other particulars these instruc- tions reiterated essentially the proclamation of August 14 as to rights and commerce, insuring to the Filipino people in every possible way the full measure of individual rights and liberty, which is the heritage of a free people.” On January 20, 1899, in a communication to the Secretary of State, the President called attention to his communication of December 21, 1898, to the Secretary of War declaratory of “the necessity of extending the actual occupation and administration of the city, harbor, and bay of Manila to the whole of the territory acquired under the Treaty of Paris, December 10, 1898, and the consequent establishme of military government throughout the entire group.” Although the Treaty had not been ratified, the belief that it would be by the time of the arrival of commissioners at Manila, and to facilitate the extention of authority and the protection of the inhabit- ants led the President to name in the month of January, 1899, Jacob Gould Schurman, president; Rear Admiral George Dewey, U. S. N.; Maj. Gen. Elwell S. Otis, U. S. V.; Charles Denby, and Dean C. Worcester, a commission to that end. The civil members of this com- mission met at Washington on January 18 and received the Presi- dent's instructions. Pending the dissemination of these proclamatory assurances, on February 4, 1899, the insurgents ventured an attack on the American lines at Manila with, to the assailants, most disastrous results, followed by an immediate aggressive campaign, in which their towns were captured, their government demolished, and their forces scatte This attack was pursued energetically, operations being forced beyond the foothills to the N. The towns of the Philippine Islands were recognized as municipal corporations to be known as “ municipios.” The commanding officers of military districts were constituted for the time being governors of provinces, with powers and duties defined. The district military commanders entered into the work with accus- tomed intelligence and zeal. 136 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The complete collapse of the insurgent movement as an organized force was followed on June 21, 1900, by a “Notice of amnesty” to all persons then or at any time since February 4, 1899, in insurrection against the United States, who within 90 days from that date formally renounced all connection with such insurrection and subscribe to a dec- laration acknowledging and accepting the sovereignty of the United States in and over the Philippine Islands. Where free from intimidation the submissions were large and increas- ing. The establishment of local government on United States models was accompanied by the introduction of the advantages of the machin- ery of national administration in the institution of post and money- order offices and the establishment of mail routes. In the interests of commerce 6 ports of entry were opened, viz, on Manila (Luzon), Cebú (Cebu), Iloilo (Panay), Sulu (Sulu), Siasi (Sulu), and Zamboanga (Mindanao), two more than Spain had during 379 years of power, and 73 ports were opened to coastwise trade. A general northward advance on the insurgent position (February 10) terminated in the capture of Malolos, their second (March 31), and San Isidro, their third capital, a few days later. It was during this campaign that the first municipal election in the Philippines took place, in May, 1899, after the rout of the insurgents at Baliuag, Bulacán, by General Lawton giving verbal permission, in response to a public petition, for a meeting in the plaza to choose a “captain municipal,” or mayor, to administer the civil affairs of the town and represent the interests of the forces occupying the places. The result was announced and obedience commanded in G. F.O., No. 8, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, near Balíuag, May 7, 1899, in English, Spanish, and Tagálog. In July of the same year Parañaque, Las Piñas, Bacoor, and Imus elected mayors under military protection. To meet the rapidly developing situation in the south, G. O., No. 8, Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I., March 1, 1899, created the Visayan Military Dis- trict, headquarters Iloílo, Panay, to comprise the islands of Panay, Negros, and Cebú, and such other Visayan islands as might be there- after designated, the troops to furnish all possible protection, main- taining peace and order while administering civil affairs throughout the islands on lines prescribed by the military government. Subdis- tricts were formed, with headquarters at Bacolod, Negros Occidental. This expedition left Manila March 2 and arrived at Bacolod a few days after, from which point operations were conducted in conjunction with operations from Iloílo. The same month a military governor was assigned to the island of Negros with instructions to aid the people in their efforts to establish a civil government. A native police was organized. Delegates met (July) in constitutional convention, after the American method, and framed a constitution which was submitted to the military governor at Manila who transmitted it to the President. This “constitution or body of fundamental laws," upon which the people of Negros sought “to have established for themselves a republican form of govern- ment," was promulgated in G. O., No. 30, military governor of the Philippine Islands, Manila, July 22, 1899. Pending action by the President and Congress “the constitution” et in motion tentatively by the appointment of a military gover- nor to command the troops and a civil governor for provincial and GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 137 municipal purposes; the election of an advisory council by the people, and appointment of secretaries of the treasury, interior, agriculture, and publicinstruction, an attorney-general and auditor, by the military vernor (general). The details of organization and powers of local administration were specified with Bacolod as the capital. The commission appointed by the President under instructions of December 21, 1899, began their labors at Manila in March and issued a proclamation (April 4) declaring: 1. Supremacy of the United States and its enforcement if necessary. 2. Self-government compatible with sovereign rights and obligations of the United States. 3. Civil and religious rights and equality before the law. 4. Honor and justice forbade the exploitation of the people of the island. 5. Guarantee of effective civil service and natives to be employed as far as practi- cable. 6. Honest collection and application of taxes and other revenues to be applied to the establishment and maintenance of the Philippine government and general improvements in the interests of the public. 7. An honest, prompt, and effective administration of justice. 8. Construction of ways of communication and transportation and other public works for the benefit of the people. 9. Trade and commerce, domestic and foreign, and other industries, to receive fos- tering care. 10. The establishment of public schools with facilities for higher education. 11. Reforms in all departments of the government, public service, and corporations closely touching the common life of the people. This commission collected a mass of testimony from the class of natives whose interests demanded a strong authority in the affairs of the archipelago, and from business men of eight nationalities. It was recalled in the following September and submitted a preliminary report to the President on November 2. . The commanding officers of troops on the railway line in G. O., 43, Aug. 8, series 1899, received instructions to establish temporary civil government in the adjacent towns occupied by the United States. This provided for each town a municipal council composed of a president and representatives or headman for each ward or barrio, charged with the maintenance of order and the regulation of municipal affairs, as specified under the supervisory approval of the commanding officer of the station. On May 19, a United States garrison relieved the Spanish troops, 800 strong, at Sulu, in that archipelago. As a result of negotiations which followed an agreement was reached on August 20, 1899, at that int acknowledging, by the local sultan, the supreme sovereignty of the United States over the whole Sulu Archipelago. This agreement and accompanying papers forwarded to the Presi- dent was transmitted to Congress. (Senate Doc. No. 136, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session.) The army of occupation, reinforced by 30,000 men and favored by the dry season, by the close of the campaign of 1899 had cleared up central Luzon, captured the insurgent congress and government, excepting its so-called president, who had taken to flight, and was being pursued. On December 11, 1899, the President directed the opening of Philippine ports to commerce. In furthering the substantial advance made in local municipal gov- ernment, in G. 0., January 29, 1900, the military governor created a board “to formulate and report a plan of municipal government to meet the requirements of the municipios of the islands prepared to adopt representative control over their own civil affairs." 138 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. This board was composed of native, civic, and military ability and experience. The result of their deliberations was the preparation of “A plan for municipal government in the Philippine Islands," promul- gated in G. O., No. 40, March 29, 1900, in which the military governor congratulated the Filipino people upon being in position for the first time in the history of the islands to exercise the right of suffrage in the election of municipal officers. This order covered the whole field, the city of Manila excepted, in detail, and constituted the essential foundation of municipal govern- ment as subsequently elaborated. In order to more fully carry out the President's instructions of December 21, 1898, respecting the occupation of the territory within the boundaries defined by the treaty, the entire archipelago was con- stituted a military division with departmental and district subdivisions for military control, tactical movements, and civil administration, as follows: DIVISION OF THE PHILIPPINES. HEADQUARTERS, MANILA, P. I. Created: 1900, March 29, General Orders, No. 36, Headquarters of the Army, under orders issued from the War Department, March 27, 1900. Territory: To comprise all the islands ceded to the United States by Spain by the treaty of Paris, ratified April 11, 1899. Maj. Gen. E. S. Otis, commanding. Departments: N. Luzón, S. Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, and Joló (Sulu). Limits: Of departmental and district commands as follows: DEPARTMENT OF NORTHERN LUZÓN. HEADQUARTERS MANILA, LUZÓN. Headquarte, Vizcaya, io. Cagayán. 1, and Unie [Embracing all that portion of the island of Luzón lying to the N. of the Pasig River and the proy- inces of Mórong and Infanta, together with all the Philippine islands lying N. of those lines, except- ing the Calaguas group.] FIRST DISTRICT.-Headquarters, Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. Embracing provinces of Abra, Bontoc, Benguet, Lepanto, Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Norte, and Unión, island of Luzón. SECOND DISTRICT.-Headquarters, A parri, Cagayán, Luzón. Embracing provinces of Cagayán, Isabela, and Nueva Vizcaya, island of Luzon. THIRD DISTRICT.-Headquarters, Dagupan, Pangasinan, Luzón. Embracing prov- inces of Zambales, Pangasinan, and Tárlac, island of Luzón. FOURTH DISTRICT. Headquarters, San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, Luzón. Embracing provinces of Nueva Ecija and Príncipe, island of Luzón. FIFTH DISTRICT.-Headquarters, Angeles, Pampanga, Luzón. Embracing provinces of Bataan, Pampanga, and Bulacán, island of Luzón. SIXTH DISTRICT.-Headquarters, Depósito, San Jaun del Monte, Manila, Luzón. Embracing all that part of the province of Manila lying N. of the Pasig River, and the province of Mórong. UNITED STATES ARMY GUNBOATS.-Charleston, Napindan. DEPARTMENT OF SOUTHERN LUZÓN. HEADQUARTERS MANILA, LUZÓN. Embracing that portion of Luzón lying S. of the Pasig River and of the S. boundaries of the prov- inces of Mórong and Infanta, and all the Philippine islands situated to the S. of those lines and N. of the lines passing SE. through the W. Pass of Apo to the twelfth parallel of latitude; thence on said parallel to meridian 124° 19' E. of Greenwich; thence in a N. direction through the Straits of San Ber- nardino, along S. line of channel of those straits; also all of the islands of Masbate and Samar. FIRST DISTRICT.-Headquarters, Santa Ana, province of Manila, Luzón. Embrac- ing the province of Cavite, those portions of the provinces of Laguna and Batangas included within the limits described: From the junction of the boundary line of the province of Cavite, and the Laguna de Bay, along the S. shore of the Laguna de Bay to the mouth of the San Cristóbal River; and to the following boundary line from GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 139 that point: Up the San Cristóbal River to its source; thence sw. to the boundary line between Cavite and Batangas province; thence along this boundary line to a point due N. of Caloocan on N. shore of Lake Taal; thence S. to Batangas Bay-this last line diverting to the E. at its first intersection with Volcan Island (Lake Taal), and following the shore line of that island instead of crossing it. That portion of Manila lying S. of the Pásig River, the city of Manila excepted. SECOND DISTRICT.-Headquarters, Calamba, Laguna, Luzón. Embracing provinces of Tayabas, Infanta, and those portions of the provinces of Laguna and Batangas not included in the first district; island of Luzon and the island of Polillo. THIRD DISTRICT.-Headquarters, Nueva Cáceres, Camarines Sur, Luzón. Embrac- ing provinces of Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogón, island of Luzón, and the island of Catanduanes, also the Calaguas Islands. FOURTH DISTRICT.—Headquarters, Catbalogan, island of Sámar. Embracing the islands of Mindoro, Tablas, Marinduque, Masbate, and all islands N. and w. of same to the Pass of Apo and the S. limit of Luzon and island of Sámar. UNITED STATES ARMY GUNBOATS.-Florida, Laguna de Bay, and Oeste. Infanta, andadquarters, Calamb of Manila exceptog it. That portica DEPARTMENT OF THE VISAYAS. HEADQUARTERS AT ILOILO, ISLAND OF PANAY. [Bounded on the N. by S. limits of Department of Southern Luzón, on the W. by lon. 121° 45' E. of Greenwich, on the S. by the ninth parallel of lat., and extending E. to include those islands of the Philippine group lying between the N. and S. lines herein described, but excluding all the island of Mindanao and all islands east of the Straits of Surigao. FIRST DISTRICT.-Headquarters, Tacloban, Leyte. Embracing the island of Leyte. SECOND DISTRICT.-Headquarters, at Cebu, Cebú. Embracing the islands of Bohol and Cebú. THIRD DISTRICT.—Headquarters, Bacolod, Negros. Embracing the island of Negros. FOURTH DISTRICT.--Headquarters, Jaro, Panay. Embracing the island of Panay. DEPARTMENT OF MINDANAO AND JOLÓ. HEADQUARTERS AT ZAMBOANGA (TEMPORARILY AT CAGAYÁN DE MISAMIS), ISLAND OF MINDANAO. [Embracing all islands of the Philippine group not included in the territorial boundaries of the departments above designated and described.] FIRST DISTRICT.-Headquarters, Cagayan de Misamis, Mindanao. Embracing islands of Camiguín, Dinagat, and Siargao, and that portion of Mindanao N. of the eighth parallel of latitude. SECOND DISTRICT.-Headquarters, Zamboanga, province of Zamboanga, Mindanao. Embracing the islands of Basilan and Sarangani and that portion of Mindanao S. of the eighth parallel of latitude. THIRD DISTRICT.-Headquarters, Joló (Sulu), island of Joló (Sulu). Embracing the Joló (Sulu) Archipelago. FOURTH DISTRICT.--Embracing islands of Balábac, Paragua (Palawan), and Calamianes. DIVISION OF THE PHILIPPINES AND UNITED STATES MILITARY GOVERNOR IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 1900, May 5. MAJ. GEN. ARTHUR MACARTHUR, U. S. A., COMMANDING. In their council of war at Bayambang about November 12, 1899, the Filipino military leaders, admitting themselves incapable of further resistance, formally disbanded their field forces and occupied a series of strong defensive positions from which to present enough resistance to force the American army to a constant repetition of tactical deploy- ments. · The expediency of adopting guerrilla warfare was considered by the native leaders from the beginning. The formation of a field army conducting regular operations was for political effect by demon- strating a capacity for organization and self-government. Therefore 140 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. their action in the council of Bayambang was simply a transition from one form of action to another. The superiority of the American forces having been demonstrated, on June 5, 1900, the military governor recommended a general and complete amnesty, the issue of which was ordered by the President and promulgated on the 21st of the same month. This, together with the memorandum of July 2, 1900, revealed to the natives the beneficent spirit of American institutions and the determination of the United States to establish essentially a republican form of government at- tended with the largest amount of liberty. This amnesty expired on September 21, without producing the desi ed effect. The native leaders, acting on the principle that every native in the archipelago owed allegiance to the insurgent cause and any sympathy with the Americans was deserving of severest penalties, began a sys- tematic course of persecutions. By means of secret committees in and out of the towns contributions were collected and capital punishments administered, to which the people submitted as a legitimate part of insurgent authority. An entirely new plan of campaign was therefore determined upon, preliminary to which a proclamation was issued December 20, 1900, by the military governor, calling attention to the frequent violations of the laws of war, reminding all concerned of their existence, that exemplary punishments attached to the infringement thereof, and that their strict observance "was” required not only by combatant forces but as well by noncombatants, native or alien, residing within occupied places. The provisions of the laws of war most essential for consideration were set forth under four heads. Special instructions were issued to the provost-marshal-general as applied to Manila. The proclamation was well received by the Filipino people. In order to emphasize the efficacy of the new order of things under G. O., No. 4, Manila, January 7, 1901, by authority of the War Depart- ment, December 27, 1900, certain general field and subordinate insur- gent officers, besides civil, official, insurgent agents, sympathizers, and agitators were deported to the island of Guam to be held under surveillance or in actual custody until a public declaration of cessation of hostilities. DIVISION OF THE PHILIPPINES. JULY 4, 1901. MAJ. GEN. ADNA R. CHAFFEE, U. S. A. HEADQUARTERS, MANILA, LUZÓN, P. I. By direction of the President, the Departments of Northern and Southern Luzón, of the Visayas, and the Mindanao and Joló (Sulu) were discontinued on November 30, 1901 (G. O., No. 148, Series 1901, War Department), and on and after that date the DIVISION OF THE PHILIPPINES was composed of the following departments and separate brigades. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 141 DEPARTMENT OF NORTH PHILIPPINES. HEADQUARTERS, MANILA, LUZÓN, P. I. Including all that portion of the Philippine Archipelago lying N. of a line passing (southeast- wardly) through the W. Pass of Apo, or Mindoro Strait, to the twelfth parallel of N. lat.. thence E. along said parallel to 124° 10' E. of Greenwich, but including the entire island of Masbate, thence N. to San Bernardino Strait. First separate brigade. Headquarters, Dagupan, Pangasinan, Luzón; embracing provinces of Abra, Benguet, Bontoc, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Lepanto, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasi- nán, and Unión, Luzón. Second separate brigade.--Headquarters, San Fernando, Pampanga, Luzón; embracing provinces of Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Rizal (N. of Pasig), Príncipe, Tarlac, Zambales, and Infanta (except Isla Polillo), Luzón. Third separate brigade.-Headquarters, Batangas, Batangas, Luzón; embracing provinces of Rizal (S. of Pasig), Laguna, Tayabas (W. of a N. and S. line through Atimonan), Batangas, and Cavite, islands of Tablas, Romblon, and Sibuyan (Romblon group); Marinduque, Mindoro, and all adjacent islands. Fourth separate brigade.-Headquarters, Nueva Cáceres, Camarines Sur, Luzón; embracing proy- inces of Tayabas (E. of a N. and s. line through Atimonan, and including that town), Camarines Norte, Albay, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon, Luzón; islands of Masbate, Burias, Polillo, Ticao, Catanduanes, and all adjacent islands. Post of Manila.-Manila, Luzón; embracing the city of Manila. DEPARTMENT OF SOUTH PHILIPPINES. HEADQUARTERS, CEBÚ, CEBÚ, P. I. Embracing all that portion of the Philippine Archipelago lying S. of the dividing line described for the s. boundary of the Department of North Philippines. Fifth separate brigade. -Headquarters, Iloilo, Panay; embracing Panay, Negros, Cebú, Bohol, and all adjacent islands. Sixth separate brigade.--Headquarters, Tacloban, Leyte; embracing Leyte, Samar, and all adja- cent islands. Seventh separate brigade.- Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao; embracing Mindanao, Joló (Sulu) group, Paragua (Palawan), Calamianes group, and all adjacent islands. SEPTEMBER 30, 1902. MAJ. GEN. GEORGE W. DAVIS, U. S. A. HEADQUARTERS, MANILA, LUZÓN, P. I, Under instructions from the President on July 14, 1902 (G. O., 78, series 1902), “ordered by the Secretary of War," Maj. Gen. George W. Davis, U. S. A., was assigned to the command of the Division of the Philippines, to take effect September 30, 1902. By direction of the President and orders of the War Department (G. 0., 98, series 1902), the departments of North Philippines and South Philippines were discontinued on the 30th of September, 1902, and on and after that date the Division of the Phil- ippines was composed of the following departments: Department of Luzón.-To include all that portion of the Philippine Archipelago lying N. of a line passing SE. through the West Pass of Apo, or Mindoro Strait, to the 12th parallel of N. lat.; thence E. along said parallel to 124° 10' E. of Greenwich, but including the entire island of Masbate; thence N. to and through San Bernardino Strait.-Headquarters, Manila, Luzon. Department of the Visayas.-To include all islands in the Philippine Archipelago lying S. of the S. line of the Department of Luzón, as above described, E. of long. 121° 45 E. of Greenwich and N. of the 9th parallel of N. lat., including all of Paragua and adjacent islands, and excepting the island of Mindanao and all islands E. of the Strait of Surigao.-Headquarters, Iloilo, Panay. Department of Mindanao.-To include all the remaining islands of the Philippine Archipelago. Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. The division commander to make such distribution of troops as in his judgment would best meet the requirements of the service in the division. As part of the reconstruction of the Division of the Philippines into 3 depart- ments, the 7 separate brigades were reduced to 4, and a further concentration of stations of United States troops in the P. I. was made. [Details not received Octo- ber 1, 1902.] 142 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. • Stations of troops, Philippine Islands. Under the distribution of troops January 1, 1902, there were 492 military stations. Under the dispo- sitions of February 15, 1902, there are 332 stations, a reduction of 160. N. P.=Department of North Philippines; S. P.=Department of South Philippines; towns in capital letters are the capitals of the provinces, islands, or districts.] Station. Province, civil or military. Island. Depart- ment. Mindoro... Luzón Panay. Luzón. .....do. Leyte.. Luzón.. ....do. Mindanao Luzón.... .do... .do... .do. .....do. ..... ..... .. Paragua (Palawan) Luzón...... Cebu .... Luzón...... .....do..... . Negros.... Sámar.. Cebu Luzon .....do. .....do .....do Panay Leyte...... Sámar .....do.. Luzón.. ..do Abra de Ílog. Abúlug.. Ajuib.... Alaminos.. Alaminos a. Alangalang . ALBAY Alcalá a.... Aloranb ..... Ambulong. Angadanan Angat Angeles ac Antipolob. Aparri a e.. Alfonso XIII Aráyata. Argao a ...... Antimonan ( monana Bacón. BACOLOD a. Balangiga Balamban Balayan b.. BALER.... Baliuag b.. Balungao. Banateb.... Barauen b Barayong Basey b.... BATANGAS a . . Bautista a e.. Bauan b...... Bayambang a Baybay a Bay b.. Binalonan.... Binangonan.. Biñan a Blanca Aurora Boaca. Bobón...... Bogo ..... Bolinaob.. Bongao.... Bongabong. Borongan .. Bugasona. BULACÁN.. Cabanatuana. Cabancalana ....... Cabuyao ... Cadmon (Catmon). Calabonga (Calabanga).. Calaca b Calambaa .. CALAPAN Calapea. Calbayoga Calbiga.. Calingao b.. Calivoa. Calumpita Caloocans .. Camilig (Camálig) ...... Camilig .. * Telegraph stations. Mindoro. Cagayan.. Concepción. Laguna. Zambales... Leyte....... Albay ...... Cagayán... Misamis.... Batangas... Isabela .... Bulacán. Pampanga ... Rizal ....... Cagayán... Paragua (Palawa Pampanga...... Cebu .. Tayabas ........ Sorsogon ... Negros Occidental. Sámar Cebú Batangas.. Principe... Bulacán.. Pangasinan Iloilo..... Leyte...... Sámar.. .....do ..... Batangas.. Pangasinan Batangas ... Pangasinan Leyte......... Laguna....... Pangasinan.. Rizal ....... Laguna. Sámar. Marinduque Sámar..... Cebú ....... Zambales... Tawi Tawi Nueva Ecija. Sámar ..... Antique ....... Bulacan Nueva Ecija.. Negros Occidental. Laguna.. Cebú ... Ambos Camarines ..... Batangas .. Laguna.... Mindoro.... Bohol. Sámar .....do.. Ilocos Sur. Cápiz... Bulacan ... Rizal ....... Albay ...... ... Tárlac...... • Telephone stations. .....do ....do zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz sisieisinisiipiripisicississipisicing zzatuzzzzzzzzzvuzuzuizzazwzzzz widuziuzzzz dicicicipisicicicicicisidiisisisisisisisipininisiaticieiicicipisiciaisiaisiais Leyte. Luzon ...do.. ....do..... ....do ..... Sámar Marinduque Sámar... Cebú ...... Luzón ...... Jolo (Sulu Archipelago) Luzon .... Sámar... Panay .. Luzon ....do Negros. Luzon. Cebú..... Luzón .... ...do ... .....do ... Mindoro Bohol. Sámar .....do.. Luzón Panay Luzón ..do ... .do ... .do ..... • Postal money-order office. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 143 Stations of troops, Philippine Islands-Continued. Station. Province, civil or military. Island. Depart- ment. Luzón. .....do .....do Panay Sámar .do LUIZón do ..do Samar. .....do . .....do .. Luzon .. .....do Cebú.... Luzon. Sámar. Panay. .do Capalonga.. Candelaria a . Capas. CAPIZ Capul. Caranian Carig ........ Castillejos. Catanauan CATBALOGAN Catubig. Catarman Cauayana .... Cavinti.. CEBÚa e.. CERVANTES Cervantes.. Colasia .. Concepción .. Cordón ....... COTTABATO (Cotabato) Cuenca...... Currimao b. Cayapó (Cuyapó). Diet... Dagupana c. Danao.. Danao b. DAPITAN. Daraga b... Dasmariñas Dasol..... DAVAO.. Dingrás Donsol.. Dúlog (Dúlag) a DUMAGUETES Dumanjug Echagüe.. Erenas.... Gasán. Gerona e. Guiuan.... Guinayangan Guindulmán Guinobatan. Hagonoy b... Haquimita Humingan.. IBA Ibaan...... Igbarrás (Igbarás) ..... ILAGAN Ilagan. Iligan ILOILO ae Imus b.. Indán... Indang .... Isabela a.. ISABELA Jaro b.. Jaro.. Jiabong .. Jiménez Joló (Sulu) se. LaCarlota (Simancas) La Castellana .. La Granja ...... Laguna......... Laguimanoc Lambunao.. LAOAGbe. Laoag Beach Lanang.. Lavezares. Legaspi e . Legatic.... Libmanán b. Light-House.. Liloan * Telegraph stations. Ambos Camarines ... Tayabas... Tárlac ............. Cápiz... Capul. Sámar. Isabela. Zambales .. Tayabas.. Sámar ....... .....do ...... .....do ....... Isabela .... Laguna... Cebu. Lepanto Sámar Antique Iloilo. Isabela ...... Cotabato ... Batangas ...... Ilocos Norte... Nueva Ecija.... Ambos Camarines Pangasinan Negros. Cebú. Dapitan Albay .. Cavite..... Zambales. Dávao.... Ilocos Norte Sorsogon Leyte..... Negros Oriental Cebú. Isabela Sámar. Marinduque Tárlac.. Sámar..... Tayabas... Bohol... Albay .... Bulacan ... Negros....... Pangasinan Zambales.... Batangas .. Iloilo.... Isabela. Cagayán. Misamis Iloilo ....... Cavite ..do ....... Ambos Camarines..... Negros Occidental. Basilan Iloilo. Leyte.. Sámar.... Misamis.. Joló (Sulu). Negros Occidental. ...do. Sámar.. .....do ..... Tayabas... Iloilo... Ilocos Norte.. .....do.. Sámar.. Luzon Mindanao Luzon .....do. .....do .. ...do .. .....do .. Negros.. Cebu... Mindanao Luzón .. Luzon .. .....do.. Mindanao Luzon .. .....do .. Leyte... Negros.. Cebú. Luzon Sámar Marinduqu Luzón.. Sámar.... Luzón .... Bohol .. Luzon. N. P. S.P. Adidas zzzzzzunuzzuzuduzdzzzzzzzz didas Adidas zzzzzczuzzuzzzuzz asiasanatos A --...do .. Negros. Luzon ....do ......do . S.P. . . . ..... .. Panay. Luzon .. - ....do. Mindana Panay Luzón.. ..do ... .do ...... ..Negros Occide Basilan. Panay ... Leyte... Sámar... Mindanao Joló (Sulu) Archipelago Negros.. .....do.. Sámar.. ...do .. Luzón. Panay. Luzon zzzចាំបាំបាំបាំបាំzzzzz ndai apie sienas 1 ...do Sámar. .........do.. . .....do. Albay .... Luzón. Antique ... Panay .. Ambos Camarii Luzón .. Balábac. Balábac . Cebú. ...... Cebú. Telephone stations. • Postal money-order office. 144 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Stations of troops, Philippine Islands-Continued. Station. Province, civil or military. Island. Depart- ment. NIP: Luzon .....do. ....do. Bohol Luzon Bohol Luzón. .....do. .....do. .do..... S. P. N. P. S. P. .....do ....do..... Mindanao. Panay .. Leyte... Busuanga Luzón ...do .......... ....do ....... Mindanao. Luzon ..do ..... Mindoro.. Luzon zzzzzzunu wzzzzzzz cicis siis iaisiaisiais pinisia ..do. ....do .. .....do Lilio a Laguna.. Lingayen Pangasinan Lipa a Batangas... Loboc a Bohol .. Loboo .... Batangas ... Loon .... Bohol ......... Lópeza... Tayabas.... Los Baños a.... Laguna. Lucbán b Tayabas.. Lucena a o .....do ........ Luisiana Laguna... Lupi.... Ambos Camarines. Macar... Dávao Maasin b.... Iloilo... Maasin a. | Leyte..... Maebato.......... Calamianes group. Magárao.... Ambos Camarines. Magdalena Laguna. Majayjay b .... ..do ............ Malabang a... Cotabato.. Malabón ac. Rizal.... Mambulao Ambos Camarines Mangarín Mindoro. MANILA a be. Rizal Calle Gral. Solano, No. 348. a b Camp Wallace (Luneta). b Camp Santa Mesa. b Cuartel de España. Cuartel de Infantería. a b Cuartel Meisie. Estado Mayor. b Exposition barracks. Fort Santiago. Malate barracks. Pasay cavalry barracks. a b Paseo de Bagumbayan. Trozo barracks. Maragondón.. Cavite. Mariquina b.. Rizal. Mariveles. Bataan ..... MASBATE Masbate.... Masinloc a Zambales. Matnog.... Sorsogón Maubån ...... Tayabas.. Mauo........ Sámar.......... Minalábagb. Ambos Camarines Misamis ao.. Misamis. Moncada b. Tárlac... Montalbán b Rizal ....... Mórong b... .do... Muntinlupa b.... .do. Mutiong... Sámar. Naga............... Cebú Nagcarlang (Nacarlán) Laguna.. Naic (Naig) a Cavite.... Nasugbúb.... Batangas. Nauján..... Mindoro... Norzagarayb.. Bulacán. NUEVA CÁCERES Ambos Cama Orás. Sámar.... Ormoca Leyte..... Osloba. Cebú Paeteb. Laguna.. Pagbilao.. Tayabas. Pagsanján). Laguna.. Palanit... Sámar... Palanqui .... Albay .... Palápog (Palápag) Sámar...... Palauan (Palúan) Mindoro.... Pambujan Norte. Sámar... Pamplona .. Ambos Camarines Paniquib. Tárlac.. Pansanjan... Sámar............ Pantabangan Nueva Ecija Páoay ......... Ilocos Norte .. Paracale....... Ambos Camarines. Parang Paranga.. Sotabato Pasacaoa Ambos Camarines. Pascologa.. ....do. Paranus (Paranas). Sámar Pásiga. Rizal.. * Telegraph stations. b Telephone stations, Masbate Luzon .....do .....do Sámar. Luzon Mindanao.. Luzón..... ..do ... ..do .do Sámar Cebú Luzon. ..do.. zzzzzzzuzzzzzzzzzzzzzzuzukuzz Assississississisipininis iniciaisina ....do.. Mindoro.. Luzón.... ....do .... Sámar... Leyte.. Cebú. Luzón.. ....do. ....do. Sámar. Luzón... Sámar... Mindoro.. Sámar. Luzón. ..do. N. P. Sámar. S. P. Luzón ... N.P. ..do ... N.P. .....do... N. P. Mindanao S. P. Luzón ... N. P. ....do. N.P. Sámar.... S. P. | Luzón... N.P. • Postal money-order office. REPAIRING A CASCO, MANILA, LUZON. SHIPBUILDING AT DAGUPAN, PANGASINAN, LUZÓN. INLAND VILLAGE AND NATIVE COWBOYS. CARABAOS TAKING A BATH. A HERD OF CATTLE. FISHING WITH NETS IN MANILA BAY, LUZÓN. FILIPINOS FISHING WITH POLE-RIGGED NETS, IN THE PASIG RIVER, SANTA MESA DISTRICT, MANILA, LUZÓN. NATIVES WASHING ALONG THE SHORES OF THE PÁSIG, MANILA, LUZÓN. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 145 Stations of troops, Philippine Islands-Continued. Station. Province, civil or military. Island. Depart- ment. Ragay ..:: Han ................ .do ..... . . .....do.. do.. do.. do : ....do .......do .....do. Payao .. Negros Occidental... Negros Peñaranda Nueva Ecija. Luzón. Pilab.. Laguna........... ...do .... Pili...... Ambos Camarines.... ....do... Pinamalayan.. Mindoro.. Mindoro. Pitogo... Tayabas. Luzón Polá Mindoro. Mindoro. Pollocb .. Cotabato .... Mindanao. Pototana ... Iloilo ....... Panay ........... S. P. Pozorrubiob ..... Pangasinan ..... Luzón ........ Puerto Galera. Mindoro...... Mindoro.... PUERTO PRINCESA Paragua (Palawan). Paragua (Palawan) Puló, Maligi I. Laguna de Bay....... Luzón Quinapindan Sámar.... Sámar... Quinguáb. Bulacán.. Luzón. N. P. Quintigan I. Sámar......... Sámar. S.P. Ambos Camarines.. Luzón ROMBLON Romblon ..... Romblon. Rosalesa. Pangasinan.. Luzón ......... Sabang ...... Ambos Camarines. ...........do ....... Salcedo.. Sámar ........ Sámar..... Salomagueb Ilocos Sur Luzón .... Sampoloc.... Tayabas...... San Antonio a. Zambales..... do.. San Bernardino, L. H Sorsogon ..... San Emilio Lepanto San Esteban.. Ilocos Sur. San Fabián b.. Pangasinan San Felipe a. Zambales... San Felipe Neri (San Felipe | Rizal ....... do.... Nery). San Fernando ac... Pampanga... SAN FERNANDO ...... Unión ....... .....do.. San Fernando )... Ambos Camarines San Francisco de Malabón a Cavite. SAN ISIDRO a Nueva Ecija.. San Isidro Zambales. San José a. Batangas.. San José a. Nueva Ecija. San José., Sámar ....... Sámar.. SAN JOSÉ DE BUENAVIS ΤΑ & Antique... Panay .. San José de Lagonoy a.. Ambos Camarines. Luzón. San Juan de Bocboc .. Batangas .. .do .. San Juan de Guimbab Nueva Ecija ..do .... San Juanico Straits. Sámar.... Sámar .... San Joaquín... Iloilo.. Panay .. San Marcelino n. Zambales. Luzón.. San Mateo b .... Rizal .... .do. San Miguel b .. Bulacán... San Nicolásb .. Pangasinan .do. San Pablo a... Laguna...... .do. Santa Bárbara Iloilo ....... Panay Santa Cruz a ... Laguna... Luzón. Santa María .... Bulacan ... .....do.. Santa Maria a.. Pangasinan Santa María .. Ilocos Sur Santa Rita.... Sámar.... Sámar. Santa Rita I.... .....do ........ Santa Rosa .. Laguna........ Luzon Santo Tomás a Batangas Sara b. Iloilo.. Panay .. Sariaya Tayabas ........ Luzón.. Siassi (Siasi) a. Siasi....... Siasi.... Cavite .... Luzon .... Negros Occidental. Negros ... Solano Isabela ..... Luzón .. Sorsogon . Sorsogon .. Spanish Fort) .... Batangas .. Station No. 2.. Sámar.... Sámar. Station No. 3...... ...do ..... Súlat .....do ... SURIGAO Surigao...... | Mindanao Taala. Batangas. Luzón... Tabacoa Albay TACLOBAN Leyte... Leyte..... Tagbilaran Bohol ........ Bohol .... Batangas ...... Luzón .... Nueva Ecija... .do.. Batangas. Tanauana.. ..do .....do. * Telegraph stations. • Telephone stations. • Postal money order office. wzzzzzzzzczuzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzuiuzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzcuzzzz ciesississississa sissa siseseisiseseisesse assassinaisia ainesosidades .do. ....do .. .do. .....do .....do Silang a...... Silay . .....do. .....do .....do.. .....do .....do .... Taisan.. Talavera Talisay ........ .do. . S. Doc. 280— 10* 146 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Stations of troops, Philippine Islands-Continued. Station, Province, civil or military. Island. Depart- ment. Leyte.. Luzón Sámar... Luzón.. Sámar. Luzón Tanauan ....... Tanay b.... Tarangnán (Dapdap) TARLACca. Taviran .... TAYABASS.. Tayuga.... Tiaon (Tiaong) a. Tigbauana.. Torres I. Tubigón a Tubungan.... Tuburan.... Tucurana. Tuey ....... Tuguegaraoa. Urdaneta a.. VIGAN... Valladolida... Valle Hermosa a Victoria b. Villareal ... Weylerb ZAMBOANGA. Leyte.... Rizai ..... Sámar.. Tárlac.. Sámar. Tayabas Pangasinan Tayabas... Iloilo .......... Sámar. Bohol........ Iloilo. Cebú ...... Cotabato..... Batangas.. ..do .....do Panay. Sámar ......... Bohol......... Panay ....... Cebú....... Mindanao. Luzón ...do... ....do. ozozozzzமகககககzzzzeezமம் sisisisisisisisisisisisisisipidisedias .....do .....do Pangasinan Ilocos Sur Negros Occidental. Negros Oriental.. Tárlac.... Sámar.. ......do ....... Zamboanga .. Negros..... ....do. Luzón ..... Sámar .....do ....... Mindanao ...... a Telegraph stations. Telephone stations. • Postal money-order office. During the period between May 5, 1900, and June 30, 1901, 1,026 contacts took place between the American troops and insurgents, resulting in casualties, American killed 245, wounded 490, captured 118, missing 20; insurgents killed 3,854, wounded 1,193, captured 6,572, surrendered 23,095 ; material captured or surrendered to the Americans, rifles 15,693, rifle ammunition 296,365, revolvers 868, bolos 3,516, cannon 122, cannon ammunition 10,270. The capture of the insurgent chief, Aguinaldo, in March, 1901, was one of the events of the military operations of the year. This was followed by the almost immediate surrender of many of the most implacable of the insurgent chiefs and their adherents. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. UNITED STATES PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. September 30, 1902. WILLIAM H. TAFT of Ohio, President. DEAN C. WORCESTER, Michigan. LUKE E. WRIGHT, Tennessee. HENRY C. IDE, Vermont. BERNARD MOSES, California. CIVIL GOVERNOR OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. WILLIAM H. TAFT, OF OHIO, Ex-officio President of the Philippine Commission. July 4, 1901. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 147 MEMBERS OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. To date from September 1, 1901. DEAN C. WORCESTER, Secretary of the Interior. LUKE E. WRIGHT, Secretary of Commerce and Police. HENRY C. IDE, Secretary of Finance and Justice. BERNARD MOSES, Secretary of Public Instruction. TRINIDAD H. PARDO DE TAVERA, Member of the Philippine Commission. BENITO LEGARDA, Member of the Philippine Commission. JOSÉ LUZURIAGA, Member of the Philippine Commission. POWERS.—Under instructions of June 21, 1901, by the President to the Secretary of War, it was declared: "On and after the fourth day of July, 1901, until it shall be otherwise ordered, the president of the Philippine Commission will exercise the executive authority in all civil affairs in the government of the Philippine Islands heretofore exercised in such affairs by the military governor of the Philippines, and to that end the Hon. William H. Taft, president of the said commission, is hereby appointed civil governor of the Philippine Islands. Such executive authority will be exercised under, and in conformity to the instructions to the Philippine commissioners, dated April 7, 1900, and subject to the approval and control of the Secretary of War of the United States. The municipal and provincial civil governments which have been, or shall hereafter be, established in said islands, and all persons performing duties appertaining to the offices of civil government in said islands, will, in respect of such duties, report to the said civil governor. "The power to appoint civil officers, heretofore vested in the Philippine Commission, or in the mili tary governor, will be exercised by the civil governor, with the advice and consent of the commission, "The military governor of the Philippines is hereby relieved from the performance, on and after the said 4th day of July, of the civil duties hereinbefore described, but his authority will continue to be exercised as heretofore in those districts in which insurrection against the authority of the United States continues to exist, or in which public order is not sufficiently restored to enable provincial civil governments to be established under the instructions to the commission, dated April 7, 1900." Governor-generals of the Philippine Islands from their formal occupation by Spain down to their transfer to the sovereignty of the United States. [The Adelantado Miguel López de Legaspi took possession of these islands in the name of His Majesty Philip II in April, 1564.] 1574....Guido de Lavezares. 1739.... Fernando Valdés y Tamón. 1575.... Francisco de Sande. 1739. ... Gasparde de la Torre. 1580.... Gonzalo Ronquillo. 1745....Juan Arechederra, Bishop-elect of Nueva 1583.... Diego Ronquillo. Segovia. 1584.... Santiago de Vera. 1750....José Francisco de Obando. 1590....Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas. 1754.... Pedro Manuel de Arandia. 1593.... Pedro de Rojas (pro tem.). 1759.... Miguel Ezpeleta, Bishop of Cebu. 1593.... Luis Pérez Dasmariñas. 1761.... Manuel Rojo, Archbishop of Manila, 1595.... Antonio de Morga. 1762.... Simón de Anda y Salazar. 1596.... Francisco Tello de Guzmán. 1764.... Francisco Javier de la Torre. 1602.... Pedro Bravo de Acuña. 1765.... José de Raon. 1606.... Cristóbal Téllez de Lamezán. 1770....Simón de Anda y Salazar. 1608.... Rodrigo Vivero (pro tem.). 1776.... Pedro de Sario. 1609.... Juan de Silva. 1778....José de Basco y Vargas. 1616.... Andrés Alcázar. a 1787.... Pedro de Sario. 1617.... Gerónimo de Silva (interregnum). 1788.... Félix Berenguer y Marquina. 1618.... Alfonso Fajardo de Tuá. 1793.... Rafael María de Aguilar. 1624.... Gerónimo de Silva.a 1806.... Mariano Fernández de Folgueras. 1625.... Fernando de Silva (pro tem.). 1810.... Manuel Gonzales de Aguilar. 1626.... Juan Niño de Tabora. 1813....José Gardoqui de Garaveitia. 1632.... Lorenzo de Olaaso. 1816.... Mariano Fernández de Folgueras. 1633....Juan Cerezo de Salamanca (pro tem.). 1822... Juan Antonio Martínez. 1635.... Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera. 1824.... Mariano Ricafort. 1644.... Diego Fajardo. 1830.... Pascual Enrile y Alcedo. 1653....Sabiniano Manrique de Lara. 1835. ...Gabriel de Torres. 1663.... Diego Salcedo. 1835....Joaquín de Cramer, 1668....Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz (pro | 1835.... Pedro Antonio de Salazar. tem.). 1837.... Andres G. Camba. 1669.... Manuel de León. 1838.... Luis Lardizabal. 1677.... Francisco Coloma and Francisco Soto- | 1841.... Marcelino de Oraá. mayor y Mancilla. 1843.... Francisco de Paulo de Alcalá. 1678.... Juan de Vargas Hurtado. 1844.... Narciso Claveria. 1684....Gabriel Curuzelægui. 1849.... Antonio M. Blanco. 1689.... Alfonso Fuertes, a 1850.... Antonio de Urbiztondo. 1690.... Fausto Cruzat y Góngora. 1853....Ramón Montero. 1701.... Domingo Zabalburu. 1854.... Miguel Pavio y Lay. 1709 ...Martín Urzua. 1854.... Ramón Montero. 1715....José Torralba.. 1854.... Manuel Crespo. 1717.... Fernando de Bustamante. 1856....Ramón Montero. 1719.... Francisco de la Cuesta, Archbishop of Ma- | 1857.... Fernando de Norzagaray. nila (interim). 1860.... Ramón Solano y Llanderal. 1728.... Marqués de Torre-Campo. 1860....Juan de Herrera Dávila. • Military. Civil affairs under the Royal Audiencia. 148 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Governor-generals of the Philippine Islands from their formal occupation by Spain down to their transfer to the sovereignty of the United States—Continued. 1861....José Lemery. 1862.... Salvador Valdés. 1862.... Rafael Echague. 1865.... Joaquín del Solar. 1865.... Juan de Lara é Irigoyen. 1866.... Juan Laureano de Sanz. 1866.... Antonio Ossorio. 1866.... Joaquín del Solar. 1866.... José de la Gándara. 1866.... Manuel Maldonado. 1869. ... Carlos de la Torre. 1871.... Rafael Izquierdo. 1873.... Manuel Mac-Crohon. 1873.... Juan Alaminos y Vivar. 1874. Manuel Blanco Valderrama. 1874.... José Malcampo y Monje. 1877.... Domingo Moriones y Murillo, 1880.... Rafael Rodríguez Arias. | 1880.... Fernando Primo de Rivera. 1883.... Emilio de Molins. 1883....Joaquín Jovellar y Soler. 1885.... Emilio de Molins. 1885.... Emilio Terrero. 1888.... Antonio Molto. 1888.... Federico Lobatón. 1888. ... Valeriano Weyler. 1891.... Eulogio Despujol. 1893.... Federico Ochando. 1893.... Ramón Blanco y Erenas. 1896.... Camilio G. de Polavieja. 1897....Jose de Lachambre y Domínguez. 1897.... Fernando Primo de Rivera. 1898.... Basilio Augustín (May 1). 1898.... Fermín Jáudenes. 1898.... Francisco Rizzo. | 1898.... Diego de los Ríos. On March 14, 1900, the President named a commission for the insti. tution, exploitation, and promotion of civil government, described in instructions dated April 7, 1900, to the Secretary of War, the inter- mediary of the President's directions. This commission was vested with authority to exercise duties of a legislative nature, to be trans- ferred from the military governor to the commission to begin Septem- ber 1, 1900, under such rules and regulations as they should prescribe until the establishment of the civil central government contemplated or until Congress should otherwise provide. The exercise of this legislative authority was specifically limited to the making of laws and orders having the effect of law, for raising revenue by taxes, customs duties and imports, the appropriation and expenditure of public funds of the islands, the establishment of an educational system, of a civil service, of courts, of municipal and departmental governments and all other matters of a civil nature for which the military governor was competent to provide by rules or orders of a civil character, and the power to appoint persons to execute these powers. Until complete transfer of control the military governor was to remain the chief executive head of the islands, with authority to act except where expressly assigned to the commission. Other details were given which have become obsolete by the estab- lishment of civil authority in civil affairs. All legislative rules and orders, establishments of government, and appointments were to take effect immediately. Report of their acts was required from time to time, military posts and garrisons were to continue for the suppression of insurrection and brigandage and for the maintenance of order. This commission arrived in Manila on June 3. 1900, but performed no duties in the military government until September 1, the interven- ing time being occupied in investigating conditions under the following heads: 1. Civil service, the friars and public lands. 2. Municipal corporations, forestry, agriculture, mining, and public health. 3. Internal improvements, franchises, militia, and police and criminal code. 4. Code of civil procedure, courts, banks, and currency and registration laws. 5. Schools and taxation. 6. Civil code. 7. Central department and provincial governments. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 149 Thus comprehensively the commission began its difficult and delicate labors. On September 1, 1900, the commission began the exercise of the governmental powers set forth in these instructions. William H. Taft was designated president of the board. The public laws passed by the commission under these legislative powers from September 12, 1900, to October 11, 1901, numbered 263, not including resolutions, and covered every requirement of organic legislation and administrative detail, either by original or amendatory enactments as the practical workings of the system suggested PUBLIC LAWS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Executive orders and abstract of Titles of Public Laws, of con- structive effect only, passed by the United States Philippine Com- mission, edition (1901) issued from the Division of Insular Affairs, War Department, 1900, September 12 (No. 1) to 1901, October 11 (No. 263); and Philippine Commission, Manila, edition 1901, October 14 (No. 264) to 1902, June 4 (No. 414). Amendatory acts, unless executive, legislative, judicial, personnel, public improvements, etc., will be found in Public Laws and Resolutions passed by the United States Philippine Commission. [A pamphlet edition of 1,500 copies of the Public Laws and Resolu- tions of the Commission, in English and Spanish, is issued quarterly at Manila, P. I., by authority of the Philippine Commission. Octo- ber 24, 1900.] 599 05 263 737 [The numbers in brackets refer to the number of the act. Where the page is not given the official pamphlet edition of acts not received.] Page. Abra, provincial government act extended to [206] .. Accounts: Prescribing method of keeping and rendering, by the insular treasurer [12] Regulating the system of keeping [36] ...... Accounting system of the military government of the United States in the Philippine Islands, as amended by Executive order [90] ...... Admiralty jurisdiction conferred upon provost courts (75] .. Agricultural school organized in the island of Negros [74]... Agriculture, bureau of, created [261] ....... 703 Albay, provincial government act extended to [122]..... 264 Ambos Camarines, provincial government act extended to [123] ... Amburayan, Luzon, subprovince of, created. (See Lepanto-Bontoe [410]). Announcement of beginning of exercise of certain governmental powers. Antique, provincial government act extended to [114]....... 244 Aparri created a port of entry (394). Appointments (Philippine Commission): By the Commission .................... 736 By the Commission and civil governor, with the consent of the Commission By the Commission and military governor... 733 By the Executive, September 1, 1900, to February 28, 1901........ By the Secretary of War, at the request of the Commission ... 757 Appointment and removal of subordinate officers and employees in certain departments and bureaus of the government of the Philippine Islands [25] .... 289, 290a Architecture and construction of public buildings, a bureau of, created [268] .... Archives, Bureau of, created [273] 299a Auditor, insular, bureau of, created [222] ....... 20a Auditor of the islands, to reorganize the office of [20] ...... 32 Banking institutions, providing for examinations of, in the Philippine Islands and for reports by their officers [52] ........... 200 Banks and banking, bureau of, created [222] . 200 Bataan, provincial government act extended to [92] .. Batangas: 268 Provincial government act extended to [126] ...... Restored to military control [173] Benguet: Amending local civil governments in the townships of [155] - Establishment of civil government for the province of [49] ... Establishment of local civil governments in townships of the province of [48] .. Province of, court of first instanee for [28] .... 734 48 368 993 * Philippine Commission. Manila edition. October 14, 1901 1264), to June 4, 1902 [414]. Acts since received, 415-420, June 5–23, 1902. 150 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 368 ........... 14 .......... ......... Page. Bohol: Provincial government act extended to [117]....... 248 Restored to military control [173]..... 368 Restored to civil control (365) ..... Bulacán, provincial government act extended to [88]... 185 Bontoc, Luzón, subprovince of, created. See Lepanto-Bontoc [410] ...... Bureaus. (See subjects). Bureaus organized after July 16, 1901, employees of, under civil service, created (306) ... 401 Cagayán, provincial government act extended to [209] ...... 602 Cápiz, provincial government act extended to [115] .......... 245 Captain of the port, abolishing the office of, at every port in the Philippine Islands except Manila, and transferring the duties of such office to proper collector or inspector of customs (33). 52 Catanduanes annexed to the province of Albay (169). 366 Cavite, provincial government act extended to (138). 308 Cavite Harbor, fixing limits of, and the Admiral U.S. N. to have police and regulation of [238).. 684 Cebu: Provincial government act extended to [116) ........... 246 Restored to military control [173].... Charities, public, bureau of, created [222] ... 20a Chinamen, defining time in which those who have left the Philippine Islands may return thereto [317]........... Christian, non-, tribes, bureau of, for the Philippine Islands created [253].. Civil actions, code of procedure and special proceedings in, in the Philippine Islands [190] .. Civil governor of the Philippine Islands appointed....... Civil service: Act extended to certain persons [47].... For the establishment and maintenance of [5] .... Making eligible certain persons [168].. 366 Coast and geodetic survey, bureau of, created [222]. 19a Coast guard and transportation, bureau of, created [266] . 269a Coinage and currency, bureau of, created [222] ........ 20a Cold storage and ice plant, bureau of, created [222] [315] 20a Commerce, act to regulate, in the Philippine Islands 1981 208 Commerce and police, department of, created [222].... 617 Constabulary, insular: Name changed to Philippine constabulary and creating section of information [255] .... 699 Organization and government of, and for inspection of government police [175] ... 369 Constabulary, bureau of [222] ....... 20a Corporations, commercial and street railway, and all other, bureau of, created [222].... 20a Courts, organization of, in the Philippine Islands [136] ...... 289 Amendatory of [300] ...... 378a Customs and immigration, bureau of, created [222].. 20a Customs, collector of, for the Philippine Islands, etc., official title changed to collector of customs for the Philippine Archipelago (259) ...... 702 Customs service, act to constitute, of the Philippine Archipelago, and to provide for the adminis- tration thereof (355) ............ Customs tariff and regulations, provisional, amended [79]. 131 Engineering and construction, bureau of, created [222] ........ 19a Finance and justice, department of, created [222] .... 617 Fisheries, bureau of, created [222].. Forestry bureau: Amending the act for reorganization of (144) 323 Amending reorganization act of (No. 16) [171] 367 Bureau of, created [222] ... Reorganization of [16]... 29 Governor, civil, appointed. 11 Government. (See Provincial, Municipal, etc.) Health: Board of, for the Philippine Islands, amending act No. 157 [161] . 360 Local board of, establishment of, for the Philippine Islands [157] 335 Bureau of, created [222] ..... 19a Provincial board of, created (307) ... Municipal board of, created (308) ...... Hospital, civil, establishment of, at Manila (247). 693 Ilocos Norte, provincial government act extended to [207]. 600 Ilocos Sur, provincial government act extended to [205].. 597 Iloilo, provincial government act extended to [113] ...... 243 Immigration, bureau of, created [222].. 20a Immigration regulations for the Philippine Islands, amending act, article 1 [241] 687 Infanta annexed to Tayabas [417] ... Inspectors of customs, authorizing the designation of, ad interim in certain cases [46] .. Instruction, public: Bureau of, created [222] .. Department of, created [222].... Department of, established and appropriation made for a normal and trade school in Manila and agricultural school on the island of Negros (74) ..... Instructions to the Commission .... Interior, department of, created [222] ... Internal revenue, bureau of, created [222] .... 20a Isabela, provincial government act extended to [210] 603 Judicial districts of the Philippine Islands, defining, etc. [140] - Judiciary, the Philippine...... 737 *************************** Justice, bureau of, created [222]........ 20a Justice, department of. (See Finance.) Laboratories, government, establishment of, in the Philippine Islands [156]. 333 Laguna, provincial government act extended to, July 1, 1902 [-].. Lands, public, bureau of, created [218] Laws: Prescribing order of procedure in enactment of [6] . 19a 19a 68 20a 122 311 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 151 UCAv u cu L1A ) .............. 262 20a 220 67 081 11a ..................... 19, 83 3928 .......... ...... Page. Lepanto-Bontoc, Luzón, establishment of local civil governments in [411]... Provincial government act extended to, comprising former comandancias of Amburayan, Bontoc, and Lepanto, created [410] ..... Leyte, provincial government act extended to [121].. Libraries and museums, public, bureau of, created [222] Library of Manila, American circulating (264). 215 Light-houses, bureau of, created [222]..... 200 Lubang Islands transferred from Cavite to Marinduque (-). Manila Amendatory of acts Nos. 22 and 101 providing for the improvement of port of [199] 591 Amending charter of [214] ..... 606 Boundaries of, act fixing the new [341].. Harbor, amendatory of act for improvement of [182] ... 380 Incorporation of the city of [183] ........ 381 Marinduque, provincial government act extended to [125] ... 267 Masbate, provincial government act extended to [105].... Medicine and surgery, regulating the practice of, in the Philippine Islands [310 Mexican money. Imposing customs tax upon exports of [45] ....... Repealing act No. 45 imposing customs tax upon exports of [213] 606 Mindoro annexed to Province of Marinduque ). Mining bureau: Amending act [17] for reorganization of [233] ........ Created [222]... Reorganization of [17] .. 30 Misamis, provincial government act extended to [128].. 271 Money of the United States, to prevent discrimination against, by banking institutions [53] .... Municipal code: Amendatory of section 99 of [225] .. 620 Amendment of, and for other purposes [170] .... 867 No. 82 amended [132] ..... 279 Municipal government, general act for the organization of, in the Philippine Islands [82]. 133 Municipal government, amendatory of act 82, general act for organization of, in the Philippine Islands [344)........... Municipal police, inspection of [175] .......................... 369 Museum of ethnology, etc., act establishing [284] ................. 823a Negros Occidental, provincial government act extended to [119]. 255 Negros Oriental, provincial government act extended to [120].. 259 Non-Christian tribes, bureau of, created [253] ....... 164a Normal school in Manila established 174] ..... 122 Notes in circulation issued by the United States or banking ins withdrawal of [149]..... Nueva Ecija, provincial government act extended to [139] ... 809 Nueva Vizcaya. provincial government act extended to [337] [398] Establishing local civil government in towns, etc. [387] .. Pagan and Mohammedan tribes, bureau of, created [222]... Pampanga, provincial government act extended to [85] .. Pangasinan, provincial government act extended to [86] .. Paragua, provincial government act extended to, June 1, 1902.. Pasig River, amendatory of act relating to improvement of [182] Patents and copyrights, bureau of, created [222]........ Persons in arms against the authority of the United States in the Philippine Islands ineligible to hold office [78]...... 130 Philippine Commission; Acts passed by (1-263) ....... 13-704 Announcement... 3 Civil governor appointed.... 11 Instructions of the President. .... Resolutions passed by 705-714 Police: Establishing local, in cities and towns of the Philippine Islands [58] ... Metropolitan, of Manila, amendatory [77] ..... 130 Police department of Manila, reorganization of, [286].. 326a Police and health regulations, authorizing the establishment of, in the nature ordinances for the city of Manila [62] ........ 104 Police service, amendment to that portion of act No. 102 as relates to organization of [181]..... Polillo annexed to Tayabas (417)... Post-office, bureau of, created [222] . 19a President's instructions to the Philippine Islands Commission.. Principe annexed to Tayabas [417]. Prisons (Manila), bureau of, created [222] 20a Printing, public, bureau of, created (296)...... 363a Provincial government: Act No. 83, amendatory [245] ... 691 618 Act No. 83 amended as amended as by act No. 133 [223] .... General act for the organization of, in the Philippine Islands 168 Act, amendment of [99] .. 209 Act No. 83 amended [133].... 316 Act No. 83, amendment of, and of No. 133 (141] [320].... Public instruction. (See Instruction, public.) Public lands, creating bureau of [218] ... 614 Purchasing agent: 326 Insular office of, created and duties defined [146] ...... Records, public, bureau of, created [222] .. 200 Religious corporations authorizing the holding of land by, of whatever sect and denomina tion (271) .. 2910 Requisitions for funds, prescribing methods in making [40].... 307 Rizal, provincial government act extended to [137] ...... 1900 ......... . ... .... 380 190 65 mu 377 281 152 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 20a 21 Page. Romblon, provincial government act extended to [104] ... 219 Provincial government act, to amend, No. 104 as applied to [142]... Salaries in the civil service to be paid in insular currency or in money of the United States, as the appropriating authority shall determine, and repealing act No. 34 [260]. Samar, provincial government act extended to [419] ...... Schools, amendment of part of act No. 74 providing for the division of the archipelago into school divisions [180] ...... 377 Siasi, closing as port of entry (394) .... Sorsogón, provincial government act extended to [1241.. Statistics, bureau of, created [222]. Statistics, establishment of bureau of [7] .... Surigao, provincial government act extended to [127] .... 269 Tariff laws, Philippine Islands, to revise and amend [230]. 645 Tarlac, provincial government act extended to [87] .. 184 Tayabas, provincial government act extended to [103] .. 218 Telegraph, bureau of, created [222] ....................... 19a Town governments, empowering the military governor to organize certain (100) ..... 209 Trade, free, and regulation of the same in domestic products of the archipelago of Sulu carried on by the Sultan and his people under the American flag [72] ..... 119 Trade school established in Manila [74].. 122 Transportation, bureau of, created 222]. 19a 20a Tubo, declaring ranchería of, to be part of province of Abra (293) 3652 Unión (La), provincial government act extended to [203]. Weather, bureau of, created [222] .......... 19a Zambales, provincial government act extended to [211].. 604 Zamboanga, municipality organized [135] ... 288 596 Pursuant to its purpose to extend the provisions of the provincial government act to those provinces of the Philippine Islands considered sufficiently pacified for civil administration and in compliance with notice previously given to the different municipalities of the province so held in view, the commission met with representatives of the dif- ferent provinces in a tour beginning at Bacolor, Pampanga, February 13, 1901. The municipal code by force of its own terms became applicable on April 1, 1901, to every town organized under G. O., No. 40, series 1900. This code did not change the general principles of organization, but was more elaborate and provided a different system of taxation. It required, however, no new election until the following year. The functions, which it was the intention of the commission to appor- tion to the various governments, were then set forth, viz: The municipalities to be entirely self-governing, electing all their officers. First, the collection of taxes through a provincial treasurer. It also has a function in the supervision of the police of the prov- ince and of the conduct of municipalities. The provincial treasurer to be the tax collector for the municipal, for the province, and for the central government. Until then the internal tax to be applied: One-half to the pueblos where collected, one-fourth to the provincial government, and one- fourth to the central government after defraying the cost of collection. The personnel of the provincial government to consist of five officers: PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR.—The chief executive, and to exercise con- trol of the police of the province, with authority to take the police of one town to use in another in an emergency. Required to visit all the municipalities in the province every six months and charged with the duty of hearing complaints as to the conduct of the municipalities. Also executive officer of the court of first instance. PROVINCIAL SECRETARY what the term implies. PROVINCIAL TREASURER to collect all taxes and distribute them to the municipalities, to the provincial treasury, and to the central treasury. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 153 The tax not to be taken out of the pueblos, but when collected to leave in the town the portion to which it is entitled. Required to give a bond equal to the largest amount he is likely to have on hand at any one time. PROVINCIAL SUPERVISOR to have charge of the roads, bridges, and the internal improvements of the province, and must be a civil engi- neer and surveyor. PROVINCIAL FISCAL, charged with the duty of prosecuting all crimes in the province and with giving legal advice to every municipality upon request. In case of conflict between the interests of the province and the municipality the latter must secure its own lawyer. The governing body to be composed of the provincial governor, treasurer, and supervisor. The provincial secretary to be the secre- tary of this board. This board to levy all taxes, order improvements on the recommendation of the supervisor, and exercise generally the limited government of the province. The governor to be elected by the councilors of the province. The offices of provincial secretary, provincial treasurer, and provincial supervisor to be filled by appoint- ment of the commission. After March 1, 1902, these positions to be filled under the civil-service law. The provincial fiscal to b pointed without reference to the civil-service act. All salaries to be adjusted according to the size and resources of the province. In special cases, as in the provinces of Pampanga and Tárlac, an engineer or engineers was to be appointed to act in conjunction with others, as in the instance of the Manila and Dagupan Railroad, look- ing to preventing the disastrous floods resulting from overflow of the Rio Grande de Pampanga and the rivers Tárlac and Bambang. Until the land tax became applicable the central treasury to make up deficits in cases of insufficient revenue in a province. The proceedings of these organic conventions were conducted with nost fairness to the members of the body and the constituencies represented by them. Amendments to the proposed bill, however, were only applicable to the province represented and to cover objec- tionable features of the provincial law. In all these deliberations the representatives displayed an excep- tional knowledge of the questions advanced and the requirements of their province. The discussions were intelligent, and often amend- ments as to details were adopted. The whole proceedings were conducted in parliamentary form. The officers chosen were notified, in order to complete the organization, to appear before the commission at Manila at a time stated to take the oath of office and receive their commissions. FIRST PROVINCE ORGANIZED. The province of Pampanga was selected as the first to receive pro- vincial government under the Provincial Government Act of February 6, 1901. The province of Benguet was given a form of government adopted to its conditions on November 23, 1900, before the passage of that act. In many instances the assembling of the organization conventions was attended by a public fête, including speeches of welcome by the native leaders, in which reference was specifically made to “bringing to the people those liberties which they had long sought and which 154 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. they so much desired.” Where the representatives as a body were not familiar with Spanish the purposes of the commission were explained by a capable person familiar with the dominant native lan- guage of the province. It was also set forth that the office of governor under the provincial law was one to which the humblest citizen of the province might aspire, that the President of the United States, in his instructions to the commission, had directed that preference should be given to the inhabitants of the islands whenever they showed fitness for the posi- tions to be filled. INAUGURATION OF THE CIVIL GOVERNOR. On July 4, 1901, the ceremony of inauguration of the civil governor, under authority of the President's instructions, marked the second step toward civil government in the Philippine Islands; the transfer of civil executive power in the pacified provinces to a civil governor preparatory to permanent civil government on a more or less popular basis. The President sent congratulations from Washington on the occasion. On July 20, 1901, G. O., 179, Headquarters Division of the Phil- ippines, the provinces of Benguet, Pangasinan, Bataan, Tayabas, Romblon, Negros Oriental, Antique, Leyte, Ambos Camarines, Marinduque, Cavite, Surigao, Pampanga, Tarlac, Bulacán, Masbate, Negros Occidental, Iloílo, Cápiz, Albay, Sorsogón, Rizal, Nueva Ecija, and Misamis were placed on a strictly civil basis by ordering United States troops to abstain from interference with the administration of civil affairs in those territories except as ordere The civil provinces of Batangas, Cebú, and Bohol had been restored to the control of the military governor by act of the United States Philippine Commission July 17, 1901, and parts of Batangas and Laguna were closed to trade under G. O., 372, Serie 1901. The province of Cebú was returned to civil control January 1, 1902, and Bohol on April 7, 1902. On May 1, 1902, the ports of Batangas, Luzon, and Island of Mindoro were opened for the resumption of trade. The ports of Sámar, also closed on account of military opera- tions, were reopened in May, 1902. At this time, also, after many important surrenders and captures, including the leader in the general movement and chiefs in Laguna, Albay, and Cebú, the insurrection was confined to the Luzón provinces of Batangas, parts of Laguna and Tayabas, and the Visayan islands of Sámar and Bohol. In the organized provinces at that time and all the provinces and districts of Mindanao, the Sulu Archipelago, Palawan, and Lepanto, Bontoc, Nueva Vizcaya, Príncipe, and Infanta, in Luzon, peace reigned in the archipelago. DISTRIBUTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE DUTIES At the beginning of the second legislative year of the commission (September 1, 1901) there were added to that body by appointment of the President three representative Filipinos. At the same time the executive branch of the insular government was divided into four executive departments, each under a member of the commission. 1. Interior. -Charged with health, quarantine, forestry, mining, agriculture, fish- eries, weather, non-Christian tribes, public lands, government laboratories, patents, and copyrights. BAYAT SLAS BATANES st"Ihaninge (1) BATAN SASTÁN CANAZ BAZINGIAN DI BADUYÁM 1 AdALAYÁNO DALUPURIMISLAS BABUYANES Herba l CAMIQUÍN pMayrore Serra de Bongo 1PALAUI Ciclo Aalto By editor Pacarpada Aprilgan N AND GENERAL MAP OF THE ISLANDS PROVINCES ADJACENT WATERS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS JULY 1902 1 LOLU Ale SAYAN H pSalomacu Vand ABRAX SANO D ILWA Carden in Baru Jo Binonetgan Rodos placandon Ens de Parinam 1 M.Cresto STABELA Tiyan Pla Dariqayos A Canuar SS Female ON rivind Camera Bayan Approximate scale 100 200 300 HOOKS Santa a Plantar Pla Boliny Cabo Bolinao pla Tainbos Tiba r um Duga Bayram SK NUEVA VIZCAYA M. Curaballo Dagupan GASINAN (IndeTilased Osiguran Slider de Baler Barrengl Caiman B O N A NUEVA nadh Dingalan Ens da Dingalan STARTAS ECIJA MPANGINO plasuble S Miguel Lanut LQuinalasag CAMARINE Wind 19 Cabra jo Cabra pta Sarti prise energie Botanga NO SEV Day Durupat per Colauit WYLING semerard Ba s ko BIC 1 CALAMIAN Cadishun Para Pariba S Soularis Maruumou Batuatkan TV o Malas p inacharyant s podro N Poruson 2 Bugda flora 5 Jaranga wa than pla Plechas be mubbott Poemasinloo TARLAC Vabanatate Slaidos B Masintoe Panangalan na BULACE Pta Capones, Buce DE POLLO Olongapo Butica Bola alando AL BAHAN w Zonder de MANILA hàng CAL4699 Pla Restinga o Muriveles cavite CORREGIDOR pla Pundan ation 2. Hinay Sumut man 0j PANGAS Bagay Grinds NES SUR CATANDUANES Bahan IADE LUBANGmbia plawi WNO BA Canal P Nagumbayan Gold SU VERDE Cecafavite M tu Naguibus Pabia Baldin Calapan PAGAY B de Patuan Papurau Mairwanto S.Paigual Pla Tuvite Plafalabası ISLA PlaDumali nestre BANYON de Cupo plapongón MINDORO SIMARY Colorador plasur Pla Origen Batag att plathugute BC Discovery Baarn kulicuatr Mansion RIADCROMBLON W ayau z"Dumarpalit Pelerinanut ruov Odlungan macal brunch Liput SIBUYAN Mangardonadjagant plu cair Dagumpal Malosugruppa Thugotlet SN *BUSUANGA 7Ambolon P Bitngasin VACARABAO bucabulida So l ea Calda masy Milan 19 porocay Ple Planitulo ng Kriste SW PENON DE CORON Laripipi Bogen Untntolo aag za Subay 209 noascatataban O CULLONCH Panda GRUPO QUINILUBAN B SATA 19 Nangalito Capi Giuntaeun I Monde ILIBAN S platupata A Borongón to Cabuli CINARACA 1. Balatoqua Leonang! Ver BBaquit BANTAYAN Orture thor Nugen JºBagambogam naglalar guito Tacloban Concepcion P a cloban Pslator Maluhuctun pabocatibe: Don Bapa Punjapin porwal Penye Pta Macayul Bir atacar Vrabia Sedo Duljon De Cuyo ve Bud niaya SP leadambanauan Cuyo s. Jose ds Mohon Os Bacolod sila capres Iucnu va lo pta lagdanan Polis Payday P Taytay DUMARÁN Lepasan Bato Anny Vilo Willnan OP Desolucion Cebu PlaNaso Verde Tubalon latar la BºdesPublo Bydestas Verde Olango no DINAGAS P Acortiladi, plo de la Meed P l Castillo Camigo Ple Aspera Ba Honda moal Puerto Princesa 19 Anoling Cure CAGAYANES Primigion Trap GUL planarya муап Dondonos Termine 79 Mulunao o de Arena Jo Cagaytin sociopomanes Hulp Plo Honda nen Pamulan 19 Rospo Sombrero Folow TrP Pla Cuman y Nyangul Panit Malanut CAMIGUINH AS Cuvilli o caueli Ensedelor din siodo CAMIO Are Sot Bafran Bødelas Islas Pia Slaton Boston Diant Cugat HDP 'La Bore Porto Color 19 Oriental B Maras Rosalia en 1869 Jo Slim. Tub Butana vurdtlagos Tuliah SMLOUR Tagalinog Cotini utlet Mamadilan o Enus de 1polote com conunn ByP Igniloạt sao Phoảoànhan A LA LA hormon pro otrld Llan Pogica na Ens at S'Antonio Dunia BarRD MAGAIMART Mbiyal Plea Blanca incont r atto Salvador Tajoloun Su lung P Besut AlorBANO P Pandanan ptu Tabanan anda u n S ABUG-SUK SENO DE Dimorar store Oh des Bisa Sco Nasubato Aaron uimby BALABAC 19 Bancoran MTN Fuden, P.Batiyuungan Cabe Melville I'de S'Miguel Pla Quiput Out Miras ferne Do el KER Pu Coronado Ancak Plat Tunuyup ulus *STRI DE EO Gran peligro w l Sicolaap Bagode SENON BALARACO BPMangsee S Prabuto Print MOXY WPoPollogut BUCUN ILLAM Bercutin BALAMBANGAN pto Bololmdoke laupun torto SºSilued Bongo NA A INSTALLER c HEANGUEY SNPuruan Conat s 19 Partubijan Mandan Mallawille Quest Tam a ra Plo Katigg Dacagayan de Sulu Bang Teinga 19 Sacent WE SAWAOMB pour 19 Satioldkat z anboanga Tambah OR BABA upandi man lan hambatan Gaddit DODO A rtigobu M O 99 Simadol Isabel de Basilan Matarapan dan mera WARAN Pulas Deda Binkoki Pta kinutubaltan Rod BASILAN ta 19 Tagypit IPO 19 Kulassuryforud 19 Kantud Erde Bastonda pede Halde pasigut I°Bo-aan Sulipin 1° Pahgutaran SOUSE blog ILihumdn Pahunan Tapiantana Mets Els Carat Pemutarano GRUPO SULU Pucalar LUBUK Man Id Murunyah TORE po Deote Botas 1 o DESU Bnkalotolis PlaHarian gulos nimi Logo Tong Popul u san Devon BooperiamºLaparon SENO DE N Tupo P ual Dosah Abal KimBata Beofalanton 'pta Sardakan Kinabatangan I Buburan GRUPO TÁPUL Pla Paugo prebatullayo 19 Lopar Ston O BalanaBa Tangusu 19 Balut SARANGAN Balanas Tanbulsan t Ling gan aSigbuye Canal si Marok Putinson Towitawi pla Hoa Thton mbagun Sigboye Gintny l eSangasando WII Ubian 117 118 125 119 120 121° wadegan Placocia DECU pla castito ESTPODE) Cu Norto O HOL Vinnu Apple SIARGAO e sibullgut Cr Forg COD Content Today I Mocangani ON TO me Bonbonbn Pro D aripada w Laman t alernoon batan gam Is UL U Birna d PSindangan DAN GAK Marilypas 3 ay Onlik Origet Baldt PAHIA Linde Juarela BASILAN abban M A RD EST, Stop GRUPO PANGUTARA BORNEO BAHIA 19. Bg Padan pla Malatuto den Top LAS CELO CÉLEBES € DE LA Sardng EL lalu MAR D2 122 123 Longitud Edel Meridiano de Greenwich GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 155 2. Commerce and police.-Island and interisland transportation, post-offices, tele- graphs, coast and geodetic survey, public works, insular constabulary, prisons, light- houses, railroad corporations, all corporations except banking. 3. Justice and finance.--Insular treasury, auditor, customs, immigration, internal revenue, cold storage and ice plant, banks, banking, coinage, currency, and justice. 4. Public instruction.-Public instruction, charities, libraries, museums, statistics, records, printing, architecture, and public buildings. These subjects are distributed for primary consideration among committees of the commission. PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS. A list of civil provincial governments in the Philippine Islands arranged under grand territorial divisions. LUZÓN. Provinces and important dependencies. Area 1 Number Approxi- |(approxi- londont mate popu- mate). | islands. lation. Abra....: Sq.m. 1,484 1,711 3, 161 21 43,300 228, 189 194,022 83 i 436 1, 108 990 Albay, including Catanduanes I. Ambos Camarines.... Amburayan, former comandancia, now subprovince of Lepanto- Bontoc, limits undefined, formerly included in Ilocos Sur .. Bataan ... Batangas... Benguet ..... Bontoc, subprovince of Lepanto-Bontoc. Dulacan............................................ Cagayan, including Babuyanes and Batanes groups Cavite....... Ilocos Norte ........................... Ilocos Sur .... Infanta, including Polillo group, subprovince of Tayabas.... Isabela, subprovince of Tayabas ... Laguna... Lepanto, subprovince of Lepanto-Bontoc Lepanto-Bontoc, comprising subprovinces of Amburayan, Bontoc, and Lepanto ... Manila .......... Corregidor........ Nueva Ecija... Nueva Vizcaya, including Cayapa Pampanga.... Pangasinan ... Príncipe, subprovince of Tayabas Rizal Sorsogon Tarlac ....... Tayabas.. Unión ....... Zambales. 480 841 5, 291 510 1, 265 491 877 5, 395 752 1,232 HANROA: **50,761 311, 180 15,175 13,985 239, 221 96, 367 134, 569 163, 349 215,792 10,795 48, 302 169, 983 46, 152 20 3,840 1, 075 2, 209 1,316 1,218 1,048 675 1, 295 2, 334 867 2,210 * 250.000 420 156, 610 60, 628 223,922 302, 178 10, 470 246, 940 98, 650 89, 339 109, 780 110, 164 87, 295 76 Total. 44, 235 315 3,727, 488 Estimated. Board of Health, January, 1902, 297,154 natives, Chinese, Americans, foreigners, and United States Army. MARINDUQUE. Number Approxi- Provinces and important dependencies. Area. of de pendente mate popu- lation. Íslands, Marinduque (island).. Lúbang Islands. Mindoro.. Sq.m. 681 100 4,108 48,000 3,000 106, 200 157, 200 Total. 4,889 MINDANAO. Misamis........ Surigao........ 5, 879 13, 201 126,942 85, 125 212,067 Total 19, 080 156 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. A list of civil provincial governments in the Philippine Islands arranged under grand territorial divisions—Continued. PALAWAN. [North of 10º parallel of N. lat.] Provinces and important dependencies. Area. Number of de- Approxi- + mate popu- pendent islands. lation. * 25,000 Paragua ...... Calamianes (group) .......... Cuyos..... Sq. m. 1,635 677 63 16, 338 8,500 Total ....... 2,375 208 49, 838 VISAYAS. 1, 614 1, 782 4,214 260,000 518, 032 270, 491 1.703 23,069 231, 512 Bohol.... Cebú. Leyte.... Masbate: Burias........ Masbate Ticao... Negros Occidental. Negros Oriental. Panay: Antique. Cápiz Iloilo Romblon Sámar..... Total .. 140, 498 268 1, 315 149 3,112 1, 742 1,340 1, 661 2, 102 515 5,488 115, 434 224,000 462, 444 55, 339 195, 386 148 25, 302 5072, 497, 908 a Estimated. MORO PROVINCES. The following represents the Moro provinces to which provincial civil government has not been extended. MINDANAO. Number of de- Approxi- Provinces and important dependencies. Area. pendent mate popu- islands. lation. Sq. m. 354 8, 344 Basilan..... Cotabato Dapitan. Dávao......... Lanao ........... Zamboanga 2,386 9,171 3, 900 3, 486 27,641 8,000 4,148 20, 273 33, 668 100,000 117,503 Total 170 283,592 PALAWAN South of 10º parallel of N. lat.] 3,091 264 Palawan (South) Moro country ....... Balábac .... Cagayan de Sulu and St. Michaels islands .... Total a 25,000 2,100 250 47 3, 402 27,350 SULU ARCHIPELAGO. [Under military supervision and the terms of the agreement between the military representative of the President of the United States, Commander in Chief, and the Sultan of Sulu (Joló).) 22,630 38 72 Sulu (Joló) Archipelago... Balanguingui (group)... Pangutaran (group).... Sulu (Joló) (group). Tapul (group)........ Tawi Tawi (group). 380 77 462 88 Total 1, 029 188 22, 630 * Estimated. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 157 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF PROVINCES, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CIVIL CHRISTIAN AND MORO MOHAMMEDAN. [C=Christian; M=Mohammedan.] Name of province. Island. Civil govern- ment, when Religion. established. Area. Popula- tion. Luzon... Sq.m. 1,484 1,711 3,161 (*) 43, 300 228, 139 194,022 (9) Panay .. ಲಂರಿರಿ ಲಲಲಲ ಲಲಲ 1,340 354 436 1, 108 115, 434 8,000 50, 761 311, 180 15, 175 13,985 990 480 1,614 841 260,000 339, 221 96, 367 5, 291 1, 661 510 224,000 134,569 518, 032 1,782 8,344 2, 386 9,171 1, 265 491 2,102 877 4,148 20, 273 33, 668 163. 349 215, 792 462, 444 10, 795 5,395 752 3,900 1, 232 48, 302 169, 983 100,000 46, 152 Abra ....... Aug. 19, 1901 Albay, including Catanduanes I.......do .... Apr. 26, 1901 Ambos Camarines...... .....do .... Apr. 27, 1901 Amburayan, subprovince of Le- . ....do ..... May 28, 1902 panto-Bontoc. Antique. Apr. 13, 1901 Basilan. Mindanao Naval ... Bataan ...... Luzón. Mar. 2, 1901 Batangas.. ..do. May 2, 1901 Benguet... .....do.. Nov. 23, 1900 Bontoc, subprovince of Lepanto .....do ... May 28, 1902 Bontoc. Bohol .. Visayan Islands.. Apr. 20, 1901 Bulacan ........ ......... Luzón .... Feb. 27, 1901 Cagayán, including Babuyanes.....do. Babi Aug. 22, 1901 and Batanes. Cápiz. Panay .... Apr. 15, 1901 C Cavite..... .....do.... ..... June 11, 1901 C (Apr. 18, 1901 Cebu Visayan Islands ..July 17, 1901 C (Jan. 1, 1902 | Cotabato .... Mindanao ....... No civilgovt. M Dapitan ... ..do.. .....do ....... M Dávao ..... ..do.. ....do ....... Ilocos Norte... Luzón.. Aug. 20, 1901 Ilocos Sur .do. Aug. 16, 1901 Iloilo Panay. Apr. 11, 1901 Infanta, including Polillo group, Luzón .. June 12, 1902 subprovince of Tayabas. Isabela ..... .....do ....... Aug. 24, 1901 Laguna....... .....do .... July 1, 1902 Lanao ....... Mindanao.. No civil govt. M Lepanto, subprovince of Lepanto Luzon ........ May 28, 1902 Bontoc. Lepanto-Bontoc (see Amburayan; .....do .................do ....... Bontoc; Lepanto.) Leyte. Visayan Islands.. Apr. 22, 1901 Manila: Municipality ...... Luzón.. July 31, 1901 Corregidor....... .....do ........... Marinduque....... Off Luzón ...... May Lubang Islands ...do ...... June 23, 1902 Mindoro...... Mindoro..... .....do ...... Masbate.. Visayan Islands .. ..Mar. 18, 1901 Burias.. ..do .. Masbate. Ticao... .....do.... Misamis ... Mindanao.. May 15, 1901 Negros Occidental. Visayan Islands.. Apr. 20, 1901 Negros Oriental .. .do. .....do ....... Nueva Ecija.. Luzon June 11, 1901 Nueva Vizcaya. ....do ....... Jan. 28, 1902 Palawan: S. of 100 lat. N. Palawan ...... No civil govt. Balábac ....... Balábac Cagayan Sulu and St. Michael Islands of Islands. Pampanga .. Luzón.. Feb. 13, 1901 Pangasinan ...... .....do ..... Feb. 16, 1901 Paragua, N. of 10° lat. N... Palawan ... June 23, 1902 Calamianes group Calamianes ....do Cuyos group.... Cuyos. ...do ....... Príncipe, subprovince of Tayabas. Luzón ..... June 12, 1902 Rizal .do ..... June 11, 1901 Romblon ... | Visayan Islands .. Mar. 16, 1901 Tablas.. .....do ................ Sibuyán. Sibuyan .. Visayan Islands .. June 17, 1902 Sorsogon ............ ... Luzon ............ Apr. 30, 1901 IC • Limitations not designated formerly part of Ilocos Sur. • Restored to military. 4,214 270, 491 20 681 100 4,108 250,000 420 48,000 3,000 106, 200 0000000000000 268 1,703 23, 069 .do. 1, 315 149 5, 879 3,112 1, 742 3,840 1,075 126,942 231, 512 140, 498 156, 610 60, 628 .. 0 ... 3,091 264 25,000 2,100 250 47 0 00000000000 2, 209 1, 316 1, 635 677 63 1,218 1,048 223, 922 302, 178 25,000 16, 338 8,500 10, 470 246, 940 55, 339 515 . . . Sámar. ....... 5.488 1 95, 386 675 1 98,650 • Restored to civil. 4 Included in Masbate. 158 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Alphabetical list of provinces, Philippine Islands—Continued. CIVIL CHRISTIAN AND MORO MOHAMMEDAN—Continued. [C=Christian; M=Mohammedan.] Name of province. Island. Civil govern- ment, when established. Religion. Area. Popula- tion. Sulu Archipelago. Aug. 8, 1899a Sq.m. 029 22, 630 . . . . Sulu Archipelago .... Balanguingui group. Pangutaran group. Sulu group. Tapul group... Tawi Tawi group.... Surigao.. Tárlac........ Tayabas (see Infanta; Príncipe). Unión...... Zambales.... Zamboanga .. :: . 85, 125 Mindanao Luzón ....do..... ...do ...... .....do.. Mindanao. May 15, 1901 Feb. 18, 1901 Mar. 12, 1901 Aug. 15, 1901 Aug. 28. 1901 No civil govt. 201 1, 295 2,334 867 2,210 3,486 89, 339 109, 780 110, 164 87, 295 117,503 * Agreement with the Sultan. Total population of the archipelago ......... Total area......... Average number of inhabitants to the square mile................. .. 6,975, 073 127,853 54.55 In November, 1900, the Federal party was organized to secure peace in the islands under the sovereignty of the United States. The move- ment spread rapidly, nearly every town in the archipelago having its Federal committee actively and effectively engaged in inducing insur- gent leaders to surrender, and otherwise aiding in restoring and main- order in disturbed localities. A VICE-GOVERNOR APPOINTED. On October 29, by order of the President, Luke E. Wright was appointed vice-governor, with authority to act as civil governor when- ever the civil governor is incapacitated by illness, or certifies that his temporary absence from the seat of government will make it necessary for the vice-governor to exercise such powers and duties. The reports of the United States Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War, Manila, November 30, 1900; also from December 1, 1900, to October 15, 1901, December, 1901, parts 1 and 2, and Public Laws and Reso- lutions passed by the said commission, cover the official literature on the labors of the Commission and a large amount of relevant informa- tion gathered in the regular order of business of subordinate bureaus. MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS. The municipal code, enacted on January 21, 1901, was in operation in 616 towns to October 15, 1901. In practice, with a few amendments (act No. 132, 1900–1901) suggested by the people, it was working satis- factorily. The code for public information is distributed in English, Spanish, Tagalog, Visayan, Vícol, and Ilocano. As a rule, towns have been self-supporting. (See Population, electors.) GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 159 CIVIL SERVICE. On Septembter 19, 1900, the Commission passed “An act for the establishment and maintenance of an efficient and honest civil service in the Philippine Islands,” creating a civil service board of three persons, who shall be citizens of the United States or natives of the Philippine Islands, authorized to prepare rules for appointments and promotions according to merit, and by competitive examinations as far as practicable. Provision is made for transfers within the service, and from the classified civil service of the United States; for reinstate- ments; for examining American applicants in Spanish and native applicants in English in cases where the board deems a knowledge of both languages essential; for a physical examination of applicants in the United States; for an age limitation for entrance to the lower grades, and for temporary appointments under certain conditions. The act applies to all appointments of civilians to positions in the executive branch of the civil government, with few exceptions, and to the appointment of subordinates in the legislative and judicial branches. Members of the civil commission, members of the judiciary, and a few other positions, principally of a legal or medical character, are not subject to the provisions of the act. The act also applies to the municipality of Manila, and to the provincial government service. It is proposed to extend the provisions of the act at an early date to the corps of teachers of English. The board has power to administer oaths, summon witnesses, and require the production of official books and records, and to prevent payment of salaries to persons in the service contrary to the act and rules. On November 30, 1900, the President of the United States issued an order directing the United States Civil Service Commission to render such assistance as might be practicable to the Philippine civil service board, and for that purpose to conduct examinations for the civil service of the Philippine Islands. Competitive examinations for appointment and promotion are now held at Manila, Iloilo, Cebú, and other points in the Philippine Islands, and also in the United States, under the auspices of the United States Civil Service Commission, for original appointment. While of those already examined in the Philippine Islands a greater percentage of Filipinos than Americans have failed to pass the required examinations, still for the lower clerical and other positions ample registers of Filipinos have been established. On account of their lack of familiarity with the English language and with American methods of transacting business they have necessarily been appointed as a rule to minor positions, but it is stated that nearly all of those who have been appointed are proving satisfactory. The act provides that pref- erence in appointment shall be given first to natives of the islands, and second, to honorably discharged soldiers, sailors, and marines of the United States. A majority of those who have so far been appointed as a result of competitive examinations are Filipinos. The examina- ons are conducted in both the English and the Spanish languages, and where a Filipino can be utilized he is selected in preference to an American, 160 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Education.-During the military control of the island education followed the flag. After the accession of civil administration a sys- tematic plan of educational promotion was put in operation by the establishment (P. C., act No. 74, 1901) of a department of public instruction. The employment of 1,000 trained teachers in the United States was authorized, who were conveyed to Manila by transport, together with school supplies in large quantities. These represented 45 States, the District of Columbia, Oklahoma, Philippines, and were appointed upon the recommendation of 53 institutions in the United States. The following is an exhibit of public schools in the P. I., showing number of division, name of province, number of schools in each, num- ber of teachers employed, whether native or American, July 1, 1902. [16 division superintendents, 14 division clerks, and 36 deputy division superintendents.] Number of division. Province. Schools. Native teachers. American teachers. Number of division. Province. Schools. Native teachers. American teachers. 145 XII Bend 83 109 168 62 111 Nueva Vizcaya.. Príncipe... Benguet ... Ilocos Sur Lepanto. Unión....... Abra ... Bontoc ...... Ilocos Norte... Cagayán. Isabela Batangas. Cavite... Tayabas..... Laguna....... Rizal..... Marinduque... Masbate.. Romblon........ Manila, city of II Iloilo...... Cápiz.......... . Antique... Negros Occidental... Negros Oriental .. Cebú Bohol ... VI Leyte.. Sámar. Cotabato Calamianes. Dapitan ... Dávao....... Jolé Arch...... Misamis ..... Surigao....... Zamboanga.. VIII Albay Camarines... Sorsogon Bataan .. Bulacán.. Pampanga X Pangasinan .. Tárlac....... Zambales.... XI Nueva Ecija..... VII 108 113 181 Total ............. 2, 623 Nautical school, Manila Normal school, Manila.... Trade school, Manila... Agricultural school, Ne- gros .... Aggregate.... 1,835 2,625 806 The school year is from October 1 to May 31, about 8 months, which puts the vacation in the season of the rain and the rice harvest. The general superintendent and 4 members appointed by the civil governor constitute a superior advisory board. In each municipality is a local school board, in addition to the presidente or alcalde. Each pueblo is a school district, and the municipal council is required to make provision by local taxation for the support of schools. The conduct of religious exercises in public schoolhouses is prohibited, but teaching religion under certain restrictions is permitted one-half hour 3 times a week if requested in writing by the parents or guardians of the children of the school. An estimate 1901 showed 150,000 Filipino pupils enrolled in the free primary schools established by the government and that 75,000 were in daily attendance. On July 1, 1902, the full quota of 1,000 teachers had been appointed and each assigned to his or her post in the archipelago. Health.-A board of health for the archipelago was created July 1, 1901, by act of the P. C., and by the same authority was made the local board of health for the city of Manila with the largest pow- ers, by special acts in the regulation of the practice of medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, and veterinary medicine, the organization of provincial and municipal boards of health and public vaccina- tions, its duties also involving recommendations of legislation per- taining to the general health and sanitation of the archipelago, including diseases of domestic animals. Under this act a corps of san- ME BOLET NORTH GATE OF MANILA (PARIÁN GATE OF WALLED CITY), LUZÓN. BATTERY OF OLD-TYPE GUNS, MANILA, LUZÓN. GUNS ON UPPER BASTION, FUERZA DE SANTIAGO, WALLED CITY, MANILA, LUZÓN, TAKEN AUGUST 13, 1898. TWENTY-SECOND UNITED STATES INFANTRY IN ACTION NEAR PÁSIG, RIZAL, LUZON, MARCH 13, 1899. FOURTH UNITED STATES CAVALRY ON NOVALICHES ROAD, RIZAL, LUZON, MARCH 25, 1899. ENGINEER DETACHMENT, U. S. A., BUILDING BRIDGE ACROSS THE MEYCAUAYAN RIVER BULACÁN, LUZON, MARCH 26, 1899. RAILROAD BRIDGE NEAR MARILAO, BULACÁN, LUZÓN. ADVANCE ON MALOLOS. PUBLIC SQUARE IN MALOLOS, BULACÁN, LUZON, AFTER TROOPS ENTERED CITY, MARCH 31, 1899. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 161 itary inspectors, a chief, and medicals was organized. The city was divided into districts with stations and municipal physicians. The most effective methods of treatment or prevention of the plague have been instituted. The leper hospitals of San Lazaro, Manila, Cebú, and Palestina (Ambos Camarines) are in operation. A similar institution is proposed at Bacolod, Negros Occidental. A permanent colony of lepers is in progress of location. The number of lepers in the archipelago is estimated at less than 10,000; other figures, 30,000. Under the Medical Department of the Army public vaccinations have been made in many of the pueblos of the archipelago. The fig- ures given foot up over 1,000,000 natives so treated. The following general facts about public health in the Philippine Islands may be mentioned. Two classes of diseases occur: 1. Diseases common to temperate and tropical countries. 2. Diseases especially characteristic of the latter regions. To the first belong smallpox, cholera, bubonic plague, and leprosy. Smallpox is endemic in the islands. Destructive epidemics of Asiatic cholera have occurred in the past at long intervals. The last was in 1889. The most fierce was in 1882. An outbreak of cholera in Manila and vicinity has recently occurred. Tuberculosis is common among the natives. Black plague appeared in Manila in December, 1899, but was almost entirely confined to Chinese and natives. Beri-beri is confined as a rule to natives. Leprosy is common. Sunstroke is rare, but heat prostration is common. There is another class of diseases which, while not confined to the tropics, are apt to occur in their severest and most dangerous form in hot countries, such as diarrhea, dysentery, malarial troubles, and beri-beri. There is a different degree of healthfulness in the various islands. Mindoro and Balábac are the worst from a sanitary point of view. Sibuyán, Guimaras, Siquijor,and Cebú are considered specially healthful. The rinderpest, which has prevailed for some years in many local- ities, having caused the almost entire destruction of the carabao, has been successfully controlled by instruction of the natives in the meth- ods of treatment of the disease and the immunization of animals. The locust pest is also receiving scientific attention. Constabulary. On July 18, 1901 (act No. 175), the Philippine con- stabulary was organized on its present status. The force has been extended to 32 provinces and comprises 2, 32 provinces and comprises 2.500 enlisted men. The organic act and code regulations are printed as a handbook in English and Spanish, Visayan, Vícol, and Ilocano, and their usefulness has been sustained in actual service. REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES. The central government for its support depends mainly on import and export duties. The internal taxes are chiefly devoted to the sup- port of provincial and municipal governments. One-half the internal- revenue receipts, i. e. industrial, urbana, and stamp taxes since January, S. Doc. 280— 11* 162 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 1901, has been turned over to the provincial treasury and the remaining one-half to the municipalities of the province. A cedula, or poll tax, of $1 Mexican is levied upon each male person between 18 and 55 years of age; one-half paid into the treasury of the town in which he lives and the other into the provincial treasury. The municipal council also has the power to license saloons and other business requiring police supervision. During the year 1902 the collection of an ad valorem land tax for the benefit of the provincial and municipal governments is set to begin, viz: The provincial board levying one-eighth of 1 per cent on the assessable land of the province for roads and bridges and may levy two- eighths more for general purposes. The municipal council is required to levy one-fourth of 1 per cent for schools and may levy one-fourth per cent more for general purposes. Estimates indicate that the towns will be self-supporting, any deficiency, however, to be met by an increase of the land tax. Revenues and expenditures in the Philippine Archipelago from date of American occupation, August 20, 1898, to June 30, 1901. [Compiled from auditor's certificates covering the fiscal affairs in the Philippine Archipelago from date of American occupation to December 31, 1899. Subsequent to January 1, 1900, approximated from the treasurer's account, which has been audited for the entire period.] Fiscal year ended June 30- Total. 1899. 1900. 1901. REVENUES. Customs .. Postal..... Internal ...... Miscellaneous .... $3,097, 864.15 42, 954. 87 240, 378.27 130, 131.03 $5, 535, 952.49 104, 282.54 522. 509. 01 361, 195.58 $9,032, 600.70 121, 559.26 932, 484.91 591, 017.52 $17, 666, 417.34 268, 796.67 1,695, 372. 19 1,082, 344.13 Total. 3,511, 328.32 6,523,939. 62 10,677, 662.39 20,712, 930. 33 EXPENDITURES. Customs.... Postal.......... Other expenditures... 29, 177.16 30, 410.75 2, 337, 810. 80 134, 685.83 89, 149.51 4,994, 545 78 280, 815. 23 147, 031.25 6, 335, 975. 20 444, 678.22 266, 591.51 13,668, 331.78 Total...... 2,397, 398.71 5,218, 381.126,763, 821.68 14,379, 601.51 Customs revenues in the Philippine Archipelago from date of American occupation, August 20, 1898, to June 30, 1901, as reported by the collector's of customs. Fiscal year ended June 30— Total. 1899. 1900. 1901. PORTS. Manila... Iloilo ... Cebu ..... Joló (Sulu). Siasi... Zamboanga ..... $2,768, 068.08 198, 271.16 131, 524.91 $4,705, 016. 65 480, 427.21 313, 485. 28 27,005. 32 6,010.34 4,007.69 $7,635, 159.42 777, 054.06 498,522.27 88, 621. 46 14,569.06 18, 674. 43 $15, 108, 244. 15 1, 455, 752.43 943, 532. 46 115, 626.78 20,579.40 22, 682. 12 Total. 3,097, 864.15 5,535, 952. 49 9,032, 600.70 17, 666, 417.94 ITEMS. Import duties... Export duties... Tonnage tax.. Fines, seizures, etc Other revenues.. $2,589, 227.88 478, 901.00 12,781.51 1, 706.16 15, 247.60 $4,777, 728.90 572, 788.34 48, 305.63 35, 123.72 102, 005.90 $8, 153, 700.38 671, 484.07 93, 535.92 16, 213.64 92, 666. 69 $15, 525, 657.16 1, 723, 173.41 154, 623.06 53. 043.52 209, 920. 19 Total.... 3,097, 864.155 , 535, 952.499,032, 600.70 17,666, 417.34 As far as the accounts of the collectors of customs have been certified by the auditor, the harbor improvement tax has been included in the import duties. This tax is a levy of 8 per cent on the value of all dutiable merchandise imported into the islands, and 10 per cent additional on the amount of import duty, which would indicate that about 10 per cent of the amount shown herein as import duties is in fact harbor-improvement tax. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 163 Condition of the insular treasury at periods stated. September 1, 1900: Available for appropriation, gold values on the basis of $2 insu- lar currency for $1 in United States money September 1, 1901: Available for appropriation, gold values as above... $3,023, 834.294 5, 106, 518. 46 Receipts by the treasurer of the archipelago from customs, internal revenue, post-office, miscellaneous, Spanish funds seized from August, 1898, to June, 1899... Withdrawals for disbursements, same period .. 3, 908, 675. 28 3,094, 102.28 Balance July 1, 1899..... 814, 573.00 Receipts, 1899 (July) to 1900 (June).. Withdrawals, 1899 (July) to 1900 (June) .. 6, 803, 482. 43 5, 149, 523.12 Balance July 1, 1900... Balance July 1, 1899.- 1, 653, 959. 31 814, 573.00 Total July 1, 1900..... 2, 468, 532.31 Receipts, 1900 (July) to 1901 (June).. Withdrawals, 1900 (July) 1901 (June). 11, 263, 317.07 7,063, 921. 67 Balance net.. Balance July 1, 1900. 4, 199, 395.40 2, 468,532.31 Balance in treasury June 30, 1901..... 6,667,927. 71 Receipts, 1901 (July, August, September).. 3,846, 319.952 Total. 10,514, 247.661 Withdrawals, 1901 (July, August, September) 3,054, 071.962 Balance in treasury, including Spanish seized funds, September 30, 1901....... ..... 7, 460, 175. 70 Finances, money, and exchange. Under act of Congress July 1, 1902 (secs. 76-83), relating to coinage in the Philippine Islands, authority was granted the government of the Philippine Islands to establish a mint at Manila, to coin pieces of 50, 20, and 10 centavos silver, of given weight, in pure metal and alloy (copper), to be legal tender to $10; to recoin Spanish coins; to coin minor coins in denominations of fand 1 (tin and zinc) and 5 centavos (copper and ni tenders not exceeding $1, proportion and weight to be determined, with other provisions for devices and inscriptions, purchase of metal and seignor- age. A discrimination against money of the United States was remedied by an act (P. C., No. 53), passed November 28, 1900, requiring banks of deposit in the islands to accept deposits both in money of the United States and in Mexican or local currency and to repay such deposits by checks or otherwise in the kind of money in which they were made. A military order authorized the exchange of 2 pesos of local currency for $1 of money of the United States. Notwithstanding a greater value of United States gold as compared with the value of Mexican dollars, the ratio of 2 to 1 is maintained instead of $2.02 or $2.04 insular cur- rency to $1 money of the United States. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. The treasurer of the Philippine Archipelago reports as follows of the condition December 31, 1901, of the Banco Español-Filipino and its branch at Iloílo; the Manila and Iloílo branches of the Hongkong 164 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. and Shanghai Banking Corporation; the Manila and Cebú branches of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China. The returns are in pesos, 1 peso valued at 50 cents. The capital stock of the Spanish-Filipino Bank is shown to be 1,500,000 pesos, and that of the Manila branch of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation 1,000,000 pesos. No capital appears to be assigned to any of the other bank branches. The bank-note circulation of the archipelago is confined to the Spanish-Filipino Bank, and amounts to 2,407,560 pesos. The aggregate liabilities of these banks and branches is shown to be 53,415,809.66 pesos, the principal items enumerated being as follows: Deposits, 35,012,127.71; deposits of banks and agencies, 10,059,388.22; surplus and undivided profits, 2,972,717. The loans and discounts, including overdrafts, aggregate 16,923,424; investment in stocks, securities, etc., 1,502,549; bills of exchange, 2.169.975: due from banks and bankers, 7,943,089: specie, bullion, and notes in bank, 23,139,105. The banks hold in United States gold 457,360; United States notes, 4,095,066; United States silver dollars and subsidiary coins, 559,979; gold and silver bullion, 20,795 and 5,020, respectively; Mexican and Spanish-Filipino pesos (silver), 13,579,784 and 2,490,975, respectively. The banks carried in their vaults 1,827,450 Spanish-Filipino bank notes and 102,674 Spanish-Filipino fractional currency. Accompanying reports hereinbefore referred to was a statement of condition of the savings bank and pawn shop of Manila, which is capi- talized at 221,460.90 pesos, and at date of report, January 11, 1902, had deposits to the amount of 755,829.70. The aggregate resources of this institution amounted to 1,096,597.11, the principal items being loans, 713,822; real estate and mortgages owned, 165,164.05. Abstract of returns from the Manila and Cebú branches of The Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China; Manila and Iloilo branches of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation; The Banco Español at Manila and its Iloilo branch, December 31, 1901. [Number of banks, 6.] [NOTE.-Two pesos equal $1.) Resources. Pesos. Liabilities. Pesos. 2,500,000.00 2, 331, 726.23 Loans and discounts. Overdrafts ....... Stocks, securities, etc. Banking house, furniture, and fixtures .......... Bills of exchange................. Due from banks and bankers, etc. Checks and other cash items. United States gold coin..... United States notes... United States silver dollars and fractional currency....... Gold bullion of other countries... Silver bullion of other countries.. Mexican pesos......... Spanish-Filipino pesos.... Spanish Filipino fractional cur- rency.... Banco Español-Filipino notes .... Other resources.. 13, 263, 379.76 Capital stock paid in.. 3, 660, 044.40 Surplus fund 1,502, 549.05 || Undivided profits, less expenses and taxes paid ...... 113, 890.12 Bank notes outstanding.......... 2, 169,975. 27 Due to other banks, agencies, etc. 7,943, 089.72 Dividends unpaid....... 7,840.54 Individual deposits ........ 457, 360.00 || Insular deposits.... 4,095, 066.00 Deposits of insular disbursing officers .... 559, 979.58 | Bills payable........ 20,795, 80 | Liabilities other than those above 5,020. 27 stated ..... 13, 579, 784.00 2, 490, 975.00 640, 990.77 2, 407,560.00 10, 059, 388.22 209, 790.34 15, 013, 469 88 14,983, 897.34 5,014, 760.49 59, 451.03 194,775. 36 102, 674.44 1, 827, 450.00 1,615, 935.71 Total 53, 415, 809.66 Total .. 53, 415, 809.66 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 165 Abstract of report made to the Comptroller of the Currency showing the condition of the Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Manila, in the Philippine Islands, at the close of business on January 11, 1902. [Number of banks, 1.) [NOTE.-Two pesos equal $1.] Resources. Pesos. Liabilities. Pesos. Loans and discounts........ Banking house, furniture, and fixtures ................ Other real estate owned . United States gold coin.. United States notes .... United States silver dollars.. Mexican pesos.... Spanish-Filipino fractional cur- rency... Banco Español-Filipino notes .... Checks and other cash items.. Other resources.. Total.. 713,822.00 | Capital stock paid in... Individual deposits .. 1,882. 48 Deposit insular disbursing officer. 165, 164.05 Other liabilities .... 10.00 280.00 176.00 7,044.30 221, 460.90 755, 829.70 1,000.00 118, 306.51 .03 1,655.00 3,850.00 202, 713.25 1,096,597.11 Total. 1,096,597,11 Internal revenue. The organization of the bureau of internal revenue under G. O., No. 54, Military Governor's Office, April 15, 1900, sec. 9 of act February 6, 1901, provides that the provincial treas- urer “shall act as collector of internal revenue for the province, and as such shall report to the collector of internal revenue for the islands and shall make such settlements and deposits as are now required by law.” Regulations respecting these taxes and the disposition of the funds collected are provided in section 9 of act No. 133. The collections throughout the islands show a material increase over the collections for the previous year, on account of the extension of the field covered and also the increase of business at the trade centers. This is particularly true of the city of Manila, where the collections for the fiscal year 1900–1901 show a total increase of over 28 per cent. The work of collecting internal revenue in the city of Manila was turned over to the city assessor and collector on August 7, 1901, in accordance with the terms of the Manila charter. Since that time the acting collector of internal revenue has furnished stamps to the various provincial treasurers and revenue officers, and has been receiving col- lections for forestry payments in the city of Manila and administering the revenue offices in the unorganized provinces. As these duties are in connection with the work of the city assessor and collector, no expense is entailed on the insular government. Statement of collections and expenses of internal-revenue department from July 1, 1900, to October 1, 1901 (United States currency). [This statement does not include sale of certificates by registration officers nor disbursements by disbursing quartermaster for civil bureaus for this department.] Department. Collections. Expenses. Per cent of expenses to collec- tions. Northern Luzón.... Southern Luzon .. Visayas......: Mindanao and Joló (Sulu). Manila $185,011. 20 105, 727.38 114, 395. 305 14, 009.75 617, 665.33 $10, 954.51 9, 221.08 6.588.37 1.587.95 31, 735.265 5.92 8.722 5.76 11.32 5. 1378 Total . 1,036, 808. 965 60,087. 175 5.8 166 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PUBLIC LANDS. The islands are estimated to contain about 29,694,500 hectares, or 73,345,415 acres of land, of which 2,000,000 hectares, about 4,940,000 acres, are held in private ownership, leaving 27,694,500 hectares, 68,405,415 acres, of public lands. The acreage, according to the com- puted details of areas in this Gazetteer, footing up 127,853 square miles, would give 81,825,920 acres. The greater portion of this land is fertile, well watered, and adapted to useful crops. Much is covered with mineral deposits of gold, copper, high-grade iron and coal, etc., d is being prospected and made ready to acquire rights. In 1894 the minister of colonies reported 200,000 squatters. United States expert estimates give double that figure. The above relation of private to public lands is not as large in Mindanao, Mindoro, and Palawan. The development of the islands by the survey, sale, and settlement of the public lands awaits action. Provisions for limited homestead disposition and public auction of limited tracts on proper conditions at not less than fixed minimum prices, with provisions for preliminary survey at the expense of the applicant and subject to reconformation on the completion of the official survey, are recommended. The acreage of the land, according to statements submitted, owned by friars in the provinces where the population is dense is: Cavite, 121,747 acres; Laguna, 62,172 acres; Manila (now part of Rizal), 50,145 acres; Bulacán, 39,441 acres; Cebú, 16,413 acres; Mórong (now Rizal), 4,940 acres; Bataan, 1,000 acres-upward of 300,000 acres. In addition to this, more than 100,000 acres lie, one-half in Isabela and one-half in Mindoro, in regions sparsely settled. According to a statement of the civil governor, the aggregate in round numbers is 420,000 acres. CONDITIONS AT THE TIME OF SPANISH OCCUPATION. The racial divisions and animosities at the time of the Spanish dis- covery were favorable to occupation, jurisdiction, and government. The people as a mass were passive, without traditions, and abject, owing to long high-handed treatment by adventurers at home and predatory Chinese on the one hand and piratical Malays on the other from abroad. An evidence of the conditions is the acceptance of Christianity without the opposition raised by other oriental peoples. It was the largest movement of the inhabitants of a single part of the world practically e within the fold of Christendom. The Moros of Palawan and Mindanao, converted earlier to the doctrines of the Koran, and a few of the wild tribes were the only exceptions. At the time the people were heathen, and lived submissive to the ferocious rule of petty chiefs and engaged in wars and headhunting against their neighbo The Spanish occupation of the island curbed the power of the chief, upheld slavery, abolished hereditary authority and rank, and substi- tuted a system of titles of their own creation for services rendered in behalf of the Crown of Spain. They permitted established customs and laws to continue as long as they did not conflict with Spanish supremacy and interests. The system for a long period was in every respect paternal. The cruelties practiced in the Americas in the begin- ning did not exist. l's. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 167 SPANISH METHODS. The islands were originally a conquest of commerce absorbed by a few Spaniards in trade with China and Japan, and a ship or more annually to Spain to maintain the appearance of authority. The only tax was the poll, or “tributo,” which did service for 3 centuries at $1 for every pair of adults. This was raised from time to time, with the progress of Western civilization, to $216 and 40 days' labor to the State, the latter commuted at about $3. No personal service was required from women. Among the evils of the Spanish system with the increase of com- mercial intercourse were the Government monopolies, as tobacco, pos- sibly abused by unscrupulous agents by seizing the fields of the private landowner, compulsory labor, defrauding the husbandman of his prod- uct, or arbitrarily fixing prices at rates amounting to confiscation. In the concrete, Spain bettered the condition of the people, the best of whom when they arrived were living as a servile remnant of some earlier civilization. The progress of Western commercialism and encroachments of foreign trade so changed these earlier conditions that the more ambitious of the dominant races, particularly the Tagálogs, became restive under the tightening hand of Spanish rule. THE “MAURA LAW” OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. On May 19, 1893, a royal decree, issued on the recommendation of the colonial secretary, Don Antonio Maura y Montaner, the author of the law, provided a form of municipal government for those towns in the Philippine Islands inhabited by the Christian Filipinos. Under this law Luzon and the Visayan islands were divided into provinces and districts, each province or district into pueblos (towns); each pueblo into districts (divisions); each distrito into barrios (wards), and each barrio into barangayes (groups of 50 to 100 families). The governing bodies were: The governor-general, assisted by the council of administration, the board of authorities, and the general directorate of civil administration formed the general government of the archipelago. The governor of the province, assisted by the provincial council (junta), governed or rather supervised the affairs of the province. The municipal tribunal, assisted by the principalia, administered the pueblo. The cabeza de barangay (head of a hundred) represented the government as a sort of agent in the barangay. The divisions called distritos and barrios were merely for the purpose of adminis- tration. The governor-general was appointed by the Government in Spain. Council of administration: Three delegates from Luzon and 3 from the Visayan islands were elected by provincial councils (juntas). Others were appointed by Spanish Government. Governor of province was appointed by the Government in Spain. Provincial junta : Governor of province and 5 other officials, members ex officio. Four other members were elected by municipal captains. The municipal tribunal (captain and 4 lieutenants) were elected by 12 delegates of the principalia (chief of citizens). Twelve delegates of the principalia were chosen by the principalia. Thé principalia was composed of all persons who had held certain offices, persons who had paid $50 land tax. The cabezas de barangayes were appointed by the governor of the province on recommendation of the 12 delegates or “principals” and municipal tribunal, but were practically elected by municipal tribunal. unal citizens): vere chosen byad held certa lly elected by muniates or “principals" pernor of the provino 168 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. A SYSTEM OF HOME RULE AND ITS LIMITS. This law, which organized the municipal government of the Philip- pine Islands, applied.to Luzon and the Visayan islands, different pro- vision, mainly military, being made for the Sulu Archipelago and Mindanao. The natives of Luzon and the Visayan islands were in the main civilized and Christianized, and lived together in pueblos (cities or towns). A municipal tribunal (council) was established in every pueblo of Luzon and the Visayan Islands, with the exception of Manila, Iloílo, Cebú, and some other places not necessary to mention. This council was defined as the legal association of all the people living within the limits of the same pueblo, and was charged with the administration of its affairs and interests. This was the only home rule the Filipinos enjoyed. By a study of the system and its opera- tions will be gained an accurate idea of their experience in the admin- istration of public affairs and, inferentially, of their capacity at the present time for self-government. A comprehensive view of Philip- pine government under Spanish rule and a plan under United States authority, with other information bearing on those questions, will be found in Report of the Philippine Commission to the President, volume 1, January 31, 1900, transmitted to Congress February 2, 1900. The Katipunan or League formed after the suppression of the out- break of 1872 became a revolutionary organization and led up to the outbreak of 1896, in every respect more serious than any which had previously confronted Spain. Cavite Province was its center. Opera- tions were conducted with frightful atrocities on both sides. PACTO DE BIAC-NA-BATÓ. In order to procure the surrender of the insurgents without further bloodshed negotiations were commenced at Biac-na-bató 1897. As a result of these negotiations an agreement was signed by the Captain-General, Primo de Rivera, and P. A. Paterno, representing Aguinaldo, on December 14, 1897, at Manila. In accordance with this agreement a total amount of 800,000 pesos was to be paid Aguinaldo in three installments, the first of 400,000 when he arrived in Hong- kong, where he was sent as an exile by the Spanish authorities, 200,000 when a certain number of arms were turned over by his followers, and 200,000 when peace was officially proclaimed by the representatives of the Spanish Government in the Philippines, all armed resistance on the part of the insurgents having ceased. The first and second install- ments were paid, the third never, for the proviso under which it was to be paid was never carried out by the insurgents. The money was deposited by Aguinaldo to provide for future uprisings. About twenty-four days after the capture of Manila by the United States squadron, Aguinaldo, the chief in these transactions, by permis- sion of the American Admiral and in the guise of friendship, landed in Luzón, and less than three weeks later, in disrespect of the United States authority, proclaimed the end of Spanish sovereignty, declared the Philippine Islands an independent republic, formed a rump gov- ernment, located its seat of operations at Malolos in the adjacent pro- vince of Bulacán, and with grandiose circumstance installed the func- tionaries of authority, simultaneously pompously announcing “that an American protectorate would not be opposed."* GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 169 The aggressive military operations of the forces of the United States, challenged by the insurgent attack upon the American lines around Manila, promptly disposed of organized opposition. The guerrilla warfare which followed received effective treatment by departmental and district commanders, and may be found under the provinces or islands in which the events transpired. A SPANISH SCHEME OF SOVEREIGNTY AND AUTONOMY. A scheme of Spanish sovereignty and Philippine autonomy was pro- posed to Spain June 19, 1898, after the destruction of the Spanish feet and occupation of Manila Bay by the United States squadron, the organization and duties of which devolved upon-- I. General government-Sovereignty of Spain. II. The assembly representation of the archipelago—legislative power. III. The council of government-responsibility of the ministers-executive pow- ers. (Details of the scheme, see Exhibit VII, Report of the Philippine Commission, volume 1, facing page 228, Senate Doc. No. 138, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session.) angkringy, and rather tahorns are put toe snake bites. NATURAL HISTORY. Mammals.- The Philippines are poor in mammals, although well adapted to a large and diversified mammalian fauna. The most important are: BATS occur in great numbers, especially in Guimaras, Siquijor, and Cebú. Some species are peculiar to the archipelago. Their skins have been used for furs. BINTÓRANG; a carnivorous animal found in the Palawan-Calamianes group. BOVINE CATTLE are raised in Masbate, Calamianes, and some of the small islands north of Luzon. They are killed for their flesh, hides, and horns, and little attention is paid to milk-giving properties. CACHOLET; found in the seas of the archipelago, spermiaceti being obtained from it. CARABAO or WATER BUFFALO; 2 kinds, the domesticated and wild. The former is the beast of burden in the Philippines, tolerably strong, but sluggish in movements, fond of water and of taking a mud bath, a wonderful swimmer, not hesitating to cross 10 miles of open sea. They sometimes display a violent dislike for white men, occasionally stampeding at the mere scent. Their flesh is eaten by the natives, but is tough, stringy, and rather tasteless; the milk is extensively used instead of cow's milk, and the hides and horns are put to various uses. The natives believe that pieces of burned buffalo horn will cure snake bites. The wild buffaloes occur in Luzon, Mindoro, the Calamianes, Masbate, Negros, and Mindanao. It is said that Mindoro herds sometimes number as many as 200. Hunting them constitutes a most exciting and dangerous sport. CIVET CATS; 2 species range through the Palawan-Calamianes. A true wildcat of small size has been found in Palawan, Panay, and Negros, and is said to exist in Cebú. DEER; extremely abundant in many parts of the archipelago, their flesh forming an important article of food, while their sking and horns are put to various prac- tical uses. In Sulu there is a beautiful axis deer. In Basilan, Mindanao, Leyte, Sámar, Luzón, Mindoro, and the Calamianes is. are deer of red or brown colors, without spots when adult. In Masbate, Panay, Guimarás, and Negros is a beau- tiful dark-colored deer, marked with buff spots. DOLPHIN; found in the seas of the archipelago. DUGONG, called woman fish. Beads are made from its tusks. GALEOPITHECUS (Galeopithecus philippinensis Wath.); found from Basilan to Luzón, also in Bohol. It has membranes like a flying squirrel, which not only enter between the legs, but reach to the tip of the tail. Its soft fur is highly prized in Europe. GOATS; from China and Mexico, and breed successfully in the islands. Hogs, wild, of at least 2 species occur in the Philippines. In some of the islands, notably Tawi-tawi, they are extremely numerous, destroying the crops at night. They are much hunted, both on this account and for their flesh, which is excel- lent. Domesticated hogs of black color are to be found in numbers in every village. They cross more or less freely with the wild species. 170 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. HORSES; originally imported from Mexico, China, or Borneo, are of small size, but well formed and tough. Neither Australian or European horses have thus far done well in the Philippines on account of the intestinal trouble caused by the grass, which is harsh, and the foot disease caused by the great moisture during the rainy season. Good results have been obtained with the American cavalry horses by feeding them with rice leaves or imported hay. LEMUR (Nicticebus tardigradus Fisch); occurs only in Tawi-tawi. It is known to the natives as kokam and to the Spaniards as el vergonzoso (meaning the bashful), on account of its curious habit of hiding its head when approached by man and unable to escape. MONKEY; a single species has been discovered in the Philippines, the Macacas phil- ippinansis Gcoff, known to the natives as maching or matsin. It is of medium size and commonly tamed by the natives. It not infrequently inflicts consider- able damage on growing rice and other crops. Its flesh is sometimes utilized by the natives as an article of food. OTTER; a carnivorous animal, found in the Palawan-Calamianes group. PANGALIN; an edentate, or toothless mammal, abundant in Palawan and Calamianes group. It has its whole dorsal region protected by thick scales, and when molested rolls itself into a ball. Birds. The species of birds in the Philippines number more than 590, of which at least 325 are peculiar to the archipelago and largely land. The most important species are: BIRDS OF PREY; there are not less than 45 species, 22 peculiar to the Philippines. They vary from a falcon, the size of a sparrow, to the immense monkey-catching harpy eagle, which is so strong and active that it seizes monkeys as they leap from tree to tree. Cocks and HENS; resembling red Leghorns, wild and extremely pugnacious; sup- posed to be descended from the jungle fowl; are snared and domesticated. The cocks are trained to fight. DUCKS; 5 species known; 1, a mallard, is peculiar to the Philippines. This species and the Dendrocyna arcuata (Cuv.) afford fine shooting. The eggs of the lat- ter are used for food. Gulls and TERNS poorly represented. HERONS and BITTERNS; 15 species of varied forms, size, and color. KINGFISHERS; 21 species, all but 6 of which are confined to the Philippines. Many of these are beautifully colored. MOUND BUILDER or TABON (Megapodius cumingi Dillwyn); a bird burrowing 2 or 3 ft. and laying an egg out of all proportion to the size of the body. The eggs are rich in yolk and highly prized as an article of food. The young dig their way to the surface through a mound 4 or 5 ft. high scratched up by the parent bird. PIGEONS and DOVES; no less than 35 species many of them beautifully colored, and the flesh of all edible. Several of the species are of very large size. The Nicobar pigeon (Calanas nicobraica Linn.) is especially worthy of mention on account of its beautiful changeable hues, which vary from deep green to fiery copper red. There are 15 species of rails, coots, and gallinules, their flesh, and sometimes their eggs as well, being eaten by the natives. HORNBILLS; 12 species, not one of which occurs outside of the island. They wall up the female in the trunk of a tree during breeding, leaving a small opening in the clay through which to pass food. SNIPE; plover, turnstones, and shore birds in general are very abundant along the coast during the cold season in Asia, but the majority of them migrate N. during the hot season. The Asiatic snipe makes good shooting in November, December, and January. The painted snipe is resident in the islands throughout the year. STORK; but one species, and comparatively rare. SUNBIRDS; 24 species, conspicuous for their beautiful colors. Feed from flowers, but have no remarkable powers of flight. SWIFTs; the variety scientifically known as Collocalia troglodites Gray is of commer- cial importance as the builders of the edible nests so highly prized by the Chinese for food. These nests, composed of a gelatinous secretion from the salivary glands in the mouths of the birds, sell at high prices, almost their weight in gold, when fresh and clean. The best nests are obtained on the precipitous sides of the Peñon de Coron, between Culion and Busuanga, where the natives gather them at no little personal risk. Good nests are to be had in Guimaras, Siquijor, and at other points. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 171 TAILOR BIRD; 9 species, and noted for its breeding habits and the difficulty of obtain- ing its nests. They form a sack of leaves sewn together with their bills and spider webs or cocoons, in which they deposit their eggs. Among the other birds are the frogmouths, bee birds, night hawks, cuckoos (21), cockatoos, parrots and paroquets (19), woodpeckers (19), barbets, broadbills, star- lings, orioles, weaver finches, larks, nuthatches, flower-peckers (23), titmice, shrikes and swallow shrikes, thrushes, fruit thrushes, bluebirds, firebirds, flycatchers (42), swallows, pittas or ant thrushes. Reptiles and batrachians.-A large number of forms is known, the most important of which are: ALUPONG (Tagálog) or AGUASON (Visayan); a deadly venomous snake found in the sea, as well as in the plains and houses, where it goes to seek rats and other small animals for food. COBRAS; venomous serpents found in the eastern chain of islands and in the Calamianes group. CROCODILES; abundant in many of the streams and fresh-water lakes, and sometimes in the sea along the coast. They attain a length of 18 ft. In certain parts of the archipelago they are man-eaters. DAHUN-PÁLAY (rice-leaf snake); a deadly green snake, whose large poison glands give its head a characteristic arrow shape, while its neck is very slender, and body short, thick, and strong. Under this name is also included a number of green snakes, which are absolutely harmless. FROGS occur in great variety. In the forests is a tree frog with enormously devel- oped membranes between its toes. GECKOS; 2 species are common in the houses, one small, and feeds on mosquitoes and house flies, the other on insects, and works noiselessly. It has a large, thick body, sometimes 8 in. or more long; is sluggish in its movements, has a loud call, and ordinarily is harmless. IGUANAS; very abundant in many localities, sometimes attaining a length of more than 5 ft., and able to swallow fair-sized fowls whole. Their eggs are considered a great delicacy, and the flesh of one species, known as ibid, ibit, or pelubid, is very highly esteemed. LIZARDS; in almost endless variety. Flying lizards are very common in the forests, generally invisible, and only become conspicuous as they fly from tree to tree. PYTHON or SAUA; the largest snake in the archipelago, some specimens measuring 22 ft. 8 in. in length, and 24 in. in circumference. They are expert rat catchers, which they vary as they become larger with chickens, pigs, monkeys, and young cattle. They abound in the Calamianes Islands, Basilan, Mindanao, and Bohol. SERPENTS exist in great numbers, both nonvenomous and venomous. TURTLES; the land varieties are small and without commercial value. Sea turtles are large, their flesh being used as an article of food. Tortoises, producing beautiful shell, are also abundant. The mortality is said to be great from snake bites in Lúbang, NW. of Mindoro, but is not serious elsewhere. Fishes. This lowest class of vertebrates presents the largest num- ber of species, both marine and fresh-water, and constitutes one of the chief sources of the food supply. The Philippine waters abound in the order of the SELACHII, the sharks, or pating, which sell at high prices, their fins and tails constituting a gelatinous food which the Chinese highly appreciate. The sawfish, the plow-fish or sut-sut, dog- fish, rays, and hammer-fish are also abundant. Under the order of the TELEOSTEI is a great number of species, having the body compressed and the mandibles provided with 8 teeth, placed in 1 single rank on each and covered by true lips; and the trunk-fish, whose body is covered with bony plates. Representing the suborder of the LOPHOBRANCHII are the sea needle, whose body is slender and long and of almost uniform diameter throughout; also the sea horse. The suborder of FISOSTOMI is represented by the eels, notable for their large size; sardines; the Bañgós; the Buan buán, and the shad; the genera Claria, Plotosus, and Rita, which have the skin bare or covered with large bony plates; finally, the tench and the barbels. Under the suborder of the ANACANTHIDE are found the species Bregwaceros Mac- Clelland Thoms, characteristic of Philippine waters and very similar to the cod, the turbots and soles, of delicious flesh. 172 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Belonging to the suborder of the ACANTHOPTERI are found the dalag, which abounds in rivers, lakes, and pools, and during the rainy season even in the rice fields; the Martinico; the Sangaray, of the Pasig River; the Serrano; the Serrato; the Lapolapo of Cebú, and the Bangoongoc; the Saramotlete, of fine taste and beautiful colors; the Esparidæ or gildings, of delicious flesh; the flying fish, and the sea hog; the horse mackerel; the plataco; the vadigo or talang-talang, and the Caranga; the talílong or mullet; the conger, and the alacaac; the bream and the quítang; finally, the gobrido of Manila and Angat. Insects and Arthropoda. These are represented by a large num- ber of species, which have as yet been little studied. Ants; the number of species is very large. They occur in countless millions. The most important is the termite, or white ant, called by the natives "anay," which inflicts great damage on wooden buildings, often causing very serious loss. ARTHROPODA; these “animals with jointed feet” are represented by an enormous number of species. BEETLES, BUTTERFLIES, and MOTHS are found in endless variety. ECHINOBERMATA, VERMES, COLENTERATA, and PROTOZOA; the damp forests and warm seas of the archipelago swarm with lower animal life. HONEY-MAKING BEES of 3 species; one of very large size; its combs are built pendent from the branches of trees. The other species store their honey in hollows of timber. One of them is stingless. Honey is an article of food and wax an article of commerce. LOCUSTS; serious plagues of these sometimes occur, destroying the growing crops. In the province of Batangas, some years ago, a borer appeared which worked in the stems of the coffee bushes and soon wiped the plantation out of existence. MOSQUITOES; sufficiently numerous in the lowlands, so that nets are necessary for prctection at night, and are believed to play an important part in the spread of malarial diseases. SCORPIONS; several species, some of which are very large and sting severely. SPIDERS are found varying in size from tiny, microscopic creatures to great hairy specimens the size of our tarantulas, which inflict a painful injury by their bite. WASPs of various species. Some sting most viciously. Mollusks.-Mollusks exist in great variety and abundance, among them land shells, with few exceptions, formed by snails, of the most varied form, size, and color, many of them extremely beautiful. The fresh-water and marine forms are very numerous and many of them exquisitely beautiful. CLAM of the genus Cridacna; the shells of this enormous giant mollusk sometimes attain a length of 5 or 6 ft. and weigh hundreds of pounds. The valves are used for baptismal fonts, and the natives sometimes burn them to make lime. OYSTERS and CLAMS; a number of species, very palatable as food. PAPER NAUTILUS; very fine specimens of this delicate mollusk are occasionally obtained. PEARL OYSTERS are found in the S. waters of the archipelago along the coasts of Min- danao, Sulu, and Palawan. The Moros are skillful pearl fishers. The Sulu pearl fisheries are controlled by the Sultan, who rents the privilege of working them. PEARLY NAUTILUS; very common, its shells being much used for drinking cups. PLACUNA PLACENTA L.; are split into thin, flat plates, and cut into squares, some 2 in. on a side, and used in place of window glass. SHRIMPS, CRABS, and LOBSTERS abound in the waters of the coast, or on the banks of fresh-water streams. STARFISHES AND SEA URCHINS are abundant, their spines being poisonous. Land leeches swarm in damp forests. TACLOBO; shells are hard, the Moros sometimes pounding them up and ramming the pieces into their rude cannon, using them as projectiles. Wonderful CORAL BEDS exist in the southern islands, displaying beautiful forms and colors in the depths below, and showing the activity of the coral polyp. The prevalence of amebic dysentery shows the existence of protozoa. PHILIPPINE BIBLIOGRAPHY. A SELECTED LIST OF BOOKS BY BEST AUTHORITIES. The following list embraces works of original information or research only. The great volume of literature on the Philippine Islands is in the Spanish language. American and English works, except official, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 173 scientific, military, or naval, as a rule, are compilations. The desire for information concerning the history, art, science, economy, and letters of the Philippine Islands has led to much research on biblio- graphic lines. Retana, in his Biblioteca Filipina, Madrid, 1898, gives 2,697 titles of numbered pieces of literature, which is still incomplete; 1,142 names of authors, a list of 14 bibliographies of the archipelago, and 27 distinct idioms in which books have been printed. The Lubao tratadillos (pamphlets) of 1606, Blanca's Arte, 1610, and rin's Dictionary (Spanish and Japanese), 1630, were the first books printed in the Philippine Islands, at Manila, from 32 to 8 years before the printing press was introduced into the colonies of North America, now the United States. The following are the best authorities on their respective lines: AHERN, GEORGE P., U.S. A. List and compilation of important tree species of the Philippine Islands. Manila, 1901. Atlas of the Philippine Islands. (Atlas de Filipinas. Coleccion de 30 Mapas. Observatorio de Manila, 1899.) U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Special Pub- lication No. 3. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1900. BARANDA, ISIDRO SÁINZ DE. Philippine geology. Inspector of mines, Manila. BANCROFT, H. H. The New Pacific. New York, 1900. Philippine Archipelago. pp. 560-580. BARRETT, JOHN. The Philippine Islands and America's interest in the Far East, etc, Hongkong, 1899. BECKER, GEORGE F. Memorandum on the mineral resources of the Philippine Islands. [Extract from Nineteenth Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Sur- vey, 1897–98. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1898.] Report on geology of the Philippine Islands. [Extract from Twenty-first Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Survey, 1899-1900, part 3. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1901.] BLANCO, MANUEL. Philippine flora. Manila, 1837, 1845, 1877-78. 4 vols. Spanish and Latin, 2 vols. Colored lithographs. Describes 110 orders, 314 species, 838 varieties. BLUMENTRITT, FERDINAND. Völker. Psychologisches in der Philippine-Frage. Berlin, 1899. And other works. BOWERING, SIR JOHN. A Visit to the Philippine Islands. 1876. COAL MEASURES OF THE PHILIPPINES, by Charles H. Burritt, first lieutenant Eleventh Cavalry, U. S. V., officer in charge the Mining Bureau, D. I. A., August, 1901. COMMERCE of the Philippine Islands. Monthly summaries, Division of Insular Affairs, 1900, 1901. COMMERCE and finance of the United States. Monthly summary series, 1899-1900, 1891-1902. Washington, Government Printing Office. Comen, THOMAS DE. State of the Philippine Islands; being an historical, statistical, and descriptive account of that interesting portion of the Indian Archipelago. Translation by William Walton London, 1821. CONSULAR reports. British foreign office. Annual series. London. CONSULAR reports. United States. Annual series prior to 1898, December. Depart- ment of State. DELGADO POPEAU, S. J. General history of Manila, 1892. DIVISION of Insular Affairs. Compilations and translations. [See annual report of Col. Clarence R. Edwards, U.S. A., chief.] Washington, Government Printing Office, 1901. EDWARDS, Col. CLARENCE R. First annual report (1901) of the work of the Division of Insular Affairs, with reference index of compilations and translations. Wash- ington, Government Printing Office, December, 1901. ELERA, CASTO DE. Philippine fauna. 3 vols. Manila, 1895–96. Esty, THOMAS BRUCE. Views of the American press on the Philippines. [New York, 1899]. FAUST, KARL IRVING. Campaigning in the Philippines. San Francisco. FISK, Amos K. The story of the Philippines. A popular account from Magellan to Dewey. New York, 1898. FEATHERMAN. A social history of the races of mankind. London, 1887. Account of the native races of the Philippines, pages 468–504. FORD, John D. An American cruiser in the East. Travels in the Philippine Islands. Illustrated. New York, 1898. 174 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. inhilippine 12. W. Replice. Cono, New York FOREMAN, J. The Philippine Islands. New York and London, 1999. GREAT BRITAIN. Foreign office. Consuls. Commercial reports, 1869, etc. HARDEN, EDWARD W. Report on the financial and industrial conditions of the Philippine Islands. By special commissioner. Washington, Government Print- ing Office, 1898. [Fifty-fifth Congress, third session, Senate Doc. 169.] JAGOR, F. Reisen in den Philippinen Berlin, 1873. - [Translation.] GRONIÈRE, PAUL DE. Adventures d'un gentilhomme bréton aux Iles Philippines, etc. Paris. - Twenty years in the Philippines. Abridged and translated from the original French, by Frederick Hardman, 1853. Revised and extended, New York, 1854. LALA, RAMÓN REYES. The Philippine Islands. New York, 1899. (Historical, eco- nomical, political, etc.) MAGOON, CHARLES E. Report on the legal status of the territory and inhabitants of the islands acquired by the United States during the war with Spain, etc. Wash- ington, Government Printing Office. [Fifty-sixth Congress, first session, Senate Doc. 234.] MANILA, Observatorio de. Boletín. Manila, 1895-1897. In Library of Congress, 1890-1897. MIDDLETON, Rev. THOMAS COOKE, D.D., O. S. A. Some notes on the bibliography of the Philippines. Bulletin of the Free Library of Philadelphia. No. 4. Decem- ber, 1900. MILLER, OLIVER C. The semi-civilized tribes of the Philippine Islands. [American Academy of Political and Social Science. Annals.] Vol. 18 (July, 1901). MONTERO Y VIDAL, JÓSÉ. Historia general de Filipinas * * * hasta nuestros días. Madrid, 1887. MORGA, ANTONIO DE. The Philippine Islands, etc. Translated by H. J. Stanley. London, [Hakluyt Society, 1868]. OBSERVATORIO DE MANILA. Report of the accompanying atlas of the Philppine Islands. Vol. III and IV. Philippine Commission to the President, December, 1900. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1901. PATERNO, PEDRO ALEXANDRO. El régimen municipal en las Islas Filipinas. Real decreto de 19 de mayo de 1893. Madrid, 1893. PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. Reports of the acts of legislation and other important information relating to the conditions and immediate wants of the Philippine Islands. 1900, 1901. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1901. - (See Schurman Commission.) RETANA. Catálogo abreviado de la biblioteca filipina. [Madrid, 1898.] Pp. xxi-xxv. SAWYER, FREDERICK H. The inhabitants of the Philippines. A resident of fourteen years in Luzón, setting forth the natives in a more favorable light. Photograph- ically illustrated. London, 1900. SCHURMAN COMMISSION, civil, military, and naval. Report of, January 31, 1900. - Vol. 1. - Vol. 2. Testimony and exhibits. March 29, 1900. Vols. 3 and 4, with accompanying atlas of the Philippine Islands, being the final volume. December 20, 1900. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1900, 1601. SULU, Treaty with the Sultan of. Senate Doc. No. 136, 56th Congress, 1st sess., 1900. TAVERA, Dr. T. H. PARDO DE. A number of valuable monographs of recent date on geology, language, plants, customs. El mapa de Filipinas del P. Murillo Velarde, 1894. WAR DEPARTMENT. Annual report of the Major-General Commanding. 1898. Parts 4 and 5. 1899. - Lieutenant-General Commanding the Army. Parts 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 1900. Reports. 1901. Annual reports of the Secretary of War. 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901. WORCESTER, DEAN C. and FRANK S. BOURNES. Contributions to Philippine Islands. Ornithology. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1898. [Proceedings U. S. National Museum, No. 20.] -- The Philippine Islands and their people. New York, London, 1898. YOUNGHUSBAND, G. J. The Philippines and round about. London, 1899. The following is a specially selected list on agricultur AGRICULTURISTS, TROPICAL. BAILEY. Plant breeding. The principles of agriculture. BAILEY, L. H. Principles of agriculture. Principles of gardening. Horticulturists' rule book. Principles of fruit growing. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 175 BASSET, N. Guide du planteur de cances. DE CANDOLLE. Origin of cultivated plants. FULLER. The propagation of plants. HART, J. H. Cacao; a treatise on the cultivation and curing of cacao. HULL, E. C. P. Coffee planting in southern India and Ceylon, JOHNSON. How crops grow. How crops feed. JORDAN. Feeding of animals. KILLENBREN & MYRICK, 1897. Tobacco leaf. KING. The Soil. LACOMTE, TIENRI. Le Cafe, culture, etc. LAURET, A. Le tabac, 1901. LOCK, C. G. W. Coffee, its cultivation and commerce in all countries. MILES. Land draining. MORROW & HUNT. Soils and crops on the farm. NICHOLLS, H. A. Tropical agriculture. NIETNER. Observations on the enemies of the coffee trees in Ceylon. PLANTS. Elementaires des pays chaudes. Tenth ed., 1899. SHAW. Forage crops other than grasses. - Soiling crops and the silo. SUGAR GROWERS. Introductory manual of. VILMORIN. The vegetable garden. VORHEES. First principles of agriculture. WATSON, J. F. Index to the native and scientific names of Indian and other East- ern economic plants and products. WEED, C. M. Spraying crops; why, when, and how. Rev. ed. - Insects and insecticides. Wilcox. Irrigation farming. PHILIPPINE CHRONOLOGY, 1519 TO 1901. I. DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION. 1519. Hernando de Magellan's flotilla sailed from Seville, Spain, 1520. Magellan passed the strait which was named for him. 1521. Magellan landed at Butúan, in the north of Mindanao: raised the cross on a small hill, and celebrated mass for the first time in the Philippine Islands. Magellan took possession of the isiand in the name of the King of Spain. Alliance between Hamabar, the King of Cebú, and Magellan. Death of the latter on the small island of Mactan, opposite Cebu, Cebu. Duarte de Balbosa and 26 companions were treacherously assassinated at a banquet by order of Hamabar. 1522. Remnants of the expedition reached Seville in the ship Victoria, commanded by Don Juan Sebastian del Cano, thus completing the first circumnavigation of the globe. 1525. Expedition of Frey García José Loaisa sailed from Coruña, Spain. 1526. Loaisa passed the Strait of Magellan, where a violent hurricane scattered part of his ships. Loaisa and Sebastian del Cano died on the Pacific. Capitana went to Mindanao, and upon attempting to reach Cebú was driven by tempests to the Moluccas. 1527. Expedition sailed from Mexico under the leadership of Alvaro de Saavedra. 1528. Saavedra arrived at Mindanao, where he provided himself with stores, and then went to the Moluccas. 1542. Armada of Ruy López de Villalobos sailed from the port of Juan Gallego, in Mexico. 1543. Villalobos reached Southern Mindanao. Gave the island of Leyte the name "Filipina," which was afterwards extended to the entire archipelago. 1549. Remnants of the expedition of Villalobos reached Spain. II. SPANISH DOMINION ESTABLISHED. [The names of the governors-general for the corresponding years in this chronology will be found under "Civil government."] 1564. Armada of Don Miguel Lopez de Legaspi raised anchor at Natividad, in Mexico. Augustin monks joined the expedition. 1565. Islands of Leyte, Camiguín, Bohol, and Mindanao were visited and the flotilla then anchored at Cebú. Distrust and hostility of those islanders. 1567. Legaspi sent his tender to Mexico under command of Juan de la Isla. 1568. Two galleons arrived at Cebú with troops, munitions, and arms, and with them Don Juan de Salcedo, called the Hernando Cortés of the Philippines. Portuguese squadron under com- mand of Gonzalo Pereira anchored off Cebú. The purposes of the latter were frustrated by the firmness of Legaspi. 1569. Legaspi transferred his encampment to Panay. Three vessels, commanded by Juan de la Isla, arrived with dispatches from the King, conferring on Legaspi the governorship of the islands and the title of adalantado. 1570. Expedition under the orders of Don Martín de Goiti and Don Juan de Salcedo sailed from Panay to study the conditions about Manila. Favorable reception of the Spaniards by Rajah Lacan- dola and Rajah Soliman. Treachery of the latter and his destruction. 1571. Legaspi took possession of Manila. Subjugation of certain provinces of Luzon by Don Martin de Goiti and Don Juan de Salcedo. Legaspi established commercial relations with the Chinese. Arrival of two ships with reenforcements at Cebú. 1572. Subjugation of new provinces by Salcedo. Death of Legaspi. Complete submission of Zambales, Pangasinan, and Ilocos to Goití. 176 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 1573. Submission of Camarines to Salcedo. 1574. Attack of the Chinese pirate Li-Ma-Hong on Manila. Heroic defense. Opportune arrival of Salcedo and defeat of Li-Ma-Hong. 1575. Salcedo attacked Li-Ma-Hong at Lingayen, Pangasinán. Flight of Li-Ma-Hong. 1576. Early death of Salcedo. (See 1568.) 1577. Arrival of the first expedition of Franciscan monks. 1578. Fortunate expedition of Don Francisco de Sande to Borneo. He restored its legitimate King to the throne, and the latter offered vassalage to Spain. Sulu and Mindanao tributaries to him. 1580. Chinese were compelled to live together under Spanish cannons. 1581. Arrival at Manila of its first bishop, Fr. Domingo Salazar. With him came the first party of Jesuits. Beginning of work upon the cathedral. Second expedition to Borneo to restore the King to his throne. 1582. Victory won by Pablo Carrión, in Cagayán, Luzón, over the Japanese corsair Taifusa. Expedi- tion to Ternate, in the Moluccas, under command of Lorenzo de Cartagena. 1583. Death of Governor-General Ronquillo. During his funeral ceremonies the temple of San Agu- stín burned. The fire spread to the citadel; two-thirds of Manila was destroyed. Building up of Manila. Pacification of certain towns which had revolted because of the excesses of the military commander. 1584. Establishment of the royal audiencia of the Philippines. The governor, under ample authority from the King, checked the abuses of military leaders. Construction of a stone fortress at Manila. 1585. Unfortunate expedition to Ternate, in the Malay Archipelago. A conspiracy provoked by thievish Moros was discovered among the natives of Pampanga and Manila. Capture of the ship Santa Ana by an English corsair. 1587. Arrival of the first expedition of Dominican monks. An artillery foundry established. Hospital for Spaniards founded. 1590. Construction of the walls of Manila and of Fort Santiago. Suppression of the royal audiencia by royal decree. Establishment of the College of Santa Potenciana for the orphans of mil- itary men. 1591. Arrival at Manila of Faranda, the ambassador of Taicosama, the Emperor of Japan. 1592. Dasmarinas sent ambassadors to the Emperor of Japan. 1593. New embassy to Japan. Coming of the King of Siao to Manila to offer obedience to King Philip II, to whom he cedes the island; and, further, to ask the aid of the Spaniards against the pagans of Ternate, resulting in a strong expedition to the Moluccas, under command of Dasmarinas, to help the King of Siao. Dasmarinas assassinated by Chinese oarsmen at Santiago Pt. Sus- picions aroused by large number of Chinese junks arriving at Manila. 1594. An embassy sent to China to obtain the surrender of the assassins of Don Gómóz Pérez Dasma- rinas without result Foundation of the Obra Pía de la Misericordia. 1595. Expedition of the governor to Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, and Cagayan resulted in the subjugation of those regions. By virtue of a royal cedula each religious order had assigned to it the provinces in which it might exercise administration over spiritual affairs. 1596. Expedition to Mindanao, under Capt. Rodríguez de Figueroa. Ascended the Rio Grande. At Buhayen a Moro treacherously killed him. 1597. Don Juan Ronquillo went to Mindanao to take the place of Figueroa. Destroyed the fleet of Moro boats from Ternate, which came to the help of the Moros in Mindanao, and as a result of victory the Moros of Mindanao and Sulu became vassals of Spain. Ronquillo abandoned the acquired territory. News received at Manila that the ship San Felipe had been driven to Japan; that Taicosama had taken possession of her rich cargo. 1598. Dispatches received creating the archbishopric of Manila, and the bishoprics of Cebú, Nueva Cáceres, and Nueva Segovia. Reestablishment of the royal audiencia. 1599. A powerful fleet of Moro pirates infested the coast of Cebu, Negros, and Panay, causing great loss of life and property. 1600. A naval victory won off Mariveles, Bataan, Luzón, over the Dutch corsair Oliveria Van Noort. A fleet of Moro pirates attacked the town of Arevalo, in Iloilo, Panay, and was defeated. Earthquake at Manila. 1601. Foundation of the college of San José under the direction of the Jesuits. 1602. Expedition to Sulu under command of Gallinato; returned for lack of supplies. Commercial relations were established with Daifusama, Emperor of Japan. 1603. A conflagration destroyed a third part of Manila. Uprising of 20,000 Chinese. Spaniards, natives, and Japanese unite and completely overcome the Chinese. 1606. Fortunate expedition to the Moluccas. First mission of Recoleta monks arrived. Uprising of the Japanese; were conquered and prohibited from living in future together in one ward. Dutch corsair, Blancardo, defeated and captured by Don Pedro de Heredia Blancardo taken to Ternate; obtained his liberty by paying a heavy ransom, but later was again made prisoner and taken to Manila. 1609. Dutchman, F. Witter, ordered a landing at Otón (in Panay), but Don Fernando de Ayala, who had laid in ambush near the beach, fell unexpectedly upon the Dutch, who had disembarked, and destroyed them. 1610. F. Witter took up a position off Mariveles, Bataan, Luzón, and made prizes of various Chinese and Japanese vessels. Defeat and death of Witter at Mariveles brought about by a Spanish squadron under Don Juan de Silva. Rich booty captured from the Dutch. 1615. Ruy Gonzales de Segueira arrived at Manila with reenforcements, coming by way of the Cape of Good Hope. The Portuguese viceroy, at Goa, asked to cooperate in Silva's plan of sending a strong armada against the Dutch. 1616. Don Juan de Silva sailed at the head of a powerful armada against the Dutch. The squadron of the viceroy of India was burned by the Portuguese before it fell into the hands of the Dutch. Silva arrived at Malacca, where he was received in triumph as a liberator. Silva died shortly after his arrival at Malacca. Dutch Admiral Spielberg bombarded Iloilo, Panay. Disembarked and was defeated by Diego Quiñones. A fleet of 24 canoes, manned by Moros, allied with the Dutch, was destroyed by Flores in Punta Potol, in the south. 1617. In a naval combat at Playa Honda, Spielberg was completely defeated by Don Juan Ronquillo. A fleet was stationed at Iloilo, Panay, to intercept the Moro piratical expeditions. 1618. The personal services required of the natives lessened. 1620. Combat in San Bernardino Straits between three Spanish and three Dutch vessels. III. THE ROYAL PLEDGE NOT TO ABANDON THE PHILIPPINES. Moraga, an ecclesiastic, obtained from Philip III a promise not to abandon the Philippines, as some of his advisers counseled him. 1621. Franciscan monks founded the monastery of Santa Clara. Uprisings in Bohol and Leyte quelled. MOUNTAIN BATTERY, SIXTH ARTILLERY, DURING ADVANCE ON NOVALICHES, BULACAN, LUZÓN, APRIL 21, 1899. PUSHING ARMORED CARS TO THE FRONT DURING ADVANCE ON CALUMPIT, BULACÁN, LUZÓN, APRIL 25, 1899. XX RAILROAD BRIDGE, JUST AFTER BATTLE OF BAGBAG RIVER, RIZAL, LUZON, APRIL 25, 1899. ENGINEER BATTALION BUILDING STEPS FOR PASSAGE OF TROOPS. FIRING LINE ADVANCING ON ANTIPOLO, RIZAL, LUZÓN, JUNE 3, 1899. TAKING GUNS ACROSS BIGAÁ RIVER, NUEVA ECIJA, LUZÓN, OVER BRIDGE CONSTRUCTED BY ENGINEER BATTALION. AMERICAN CAMP IN THE CANYON OF THE MAUANGA RIVER, CEBÚ, VISAYAS, AFTER THE ASSAULT ON SADLAN MOUNTAIN, JANUARY 8, 1900. ONE OF 30 FORTS ERECTED BY FILIPINOS ON INDIAN MOUNTAIN, CEBÚ, VISAYAS. This fort, about halfway up the mountain, shows the effect of American artillery fire during assault of January 8, 1900. FORT OF THE QUEEN REGENT, ON THE RIVER PULANGUI (GRAND RIVER), COTABATO, MINDANAO. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 177 1623. Two expeditions against the Igorrotes. 1624. Don Gerónimo de Silva defeated seven Dutch vessels off Corregidor, Manila Bay, Luzón. Instead of pursuing his scattered enemy, he ordered his fleet to return to Cavite, on account of which he was shut up in Fort Santiago. 1625. Piratical expeditions from Borneo infested the coasts of Sámar and other islands, doing great harm. The fleet from Iloilo followed them, and failing to overtake them on the sea, went to their country and punished them. 1626. Expedition to Formosa. Tanchuy occupied. 1627. A strong armada sailed under the orders of the governor for Formosa. Bad weather compelled it to return to Manila, but the ship Rosario arrived at Tanchuy. The Dutch attacked this port and were defeated. The alcalde of Cebú, Don Cristóbal de Lugo, visited Sulu, and after- wards Basilán, to punish the Moros for piracy. 1628. Plague at Manila Expedition under Olaso against Sulu with little results. 1629. Great conflagration at Cavite. 1630. More fortunate expedition of Pedro Tonsino, commander of Dapitán, off Zamboanga, Minda- nao, against Sulu. Arrival of the ambassadors of Camboja, offering free trade and a shipyard for the construction of vessels. 1631. The construction of a stone bridge across the Pásig. 1632. Foundation of the College of Santa Isabela for girl orphans of Spanish birth. 1633. The archipelago afflicted by bad crops, famine, epidemics, a plague of locusts, volcanic erup- tions, and Moro piratical expeditions. 1634. Moro pirates numbering 15,000 lay waste the Visayan Islands, and sacked the capital of Tayabas, Luzon. 1635. Foundation of the fort of Zamboanga, Mindanao, to hold in check the piracy of the Moros. 1636. The pirate Tagal, on his return from his excursions among the islands, laden with booty, was overtaken at Punta Fleches off Maligay Bay by the feet from Zamboanga, under Don Nicolás González, who won a complete victory. Three hundred Moros lost their lives, Tagal among them, and many captives were rescued. 1637. Corcuera went to Mindanao and destroyed Lamitan, the seat of government of Sultan Corralat, and attacked a formidable hill, which was his last defense. The Moros of Buhayen and Basilan sue for peace, and rendered homage to Spain. 1638. Corcuera arrived at Sulu. Obstinate resistance of the inhabitants of that island, but were finally overcome. Corcuera returned to Manila after leaving at Sulu a garrison of soldiers and establishing a mission. He entered in triumph with the booty captured from the Moros. Establishment of a number of outposts on Mindanao. 1639. Uprising of the Chinese at Calamba, Laguna. Their forays against San Pedro Macate, Taytay, and Antipolo, and ultimate defeat and submission. College of San Juan de Letran founded under the Dominicans. Don Francisco de Atienza conquered the Moros of Lanao and took possession of the celebrated lake bearing this name. Victories of Don Pedro de Almonte over the Morog in Mindanao and Sulu. 1641. Three volcanoes broke forth--one in Sulu, another in Sanguil, in the sorthern part of Mindanao, and a third in Aringay, in the north of Luzón, 1642. Dutch attack the fort of Tanchuy in Formosa. The Spanish garrison, lacking help, surrendered with the honors of war and returned to Manila. As a precaution against an attack by the Dutch, Corcuera repaired the walls of Manila, mounted cannon, got together a large quantity of munitions of war, cleared the field for military operations, destroyed buildings, and made similar preparations in Cavite, 1645. Earthquake at Manila, called the earthquake of San Andrés, haying occurred on that day, the earthquakes following each other at intervals of five days. The victims numbered 600. Peace was established with Corralat. The Dutch summoned by the Sulu natives attacked the Span- ish fort at Sulu and Ugalde, which repulsed them. 1646. The Spanish troops retired from Sulu after the Sultan had signed a very honorable treaty. Spaniards defeated at Bolinao, Zambales, Luzón, a powerful Dutch squadron. Three other victories were obtained over Dutch ships. 1547. Thirteen Dutch galleons attacked Cavite; defended by Don Andrés de Asaldegui until the Dutch admiral was mortally wounded and retired. The Dutch disembarked at Abucay and seized the defenseless town, committing abuses, and reembarked; pursued. 1648. Victory of the little squadron from Zamboanga won over the Sulu squadron, the Moro prince, Paquian Cachile, being wounded and taken prisoner. 1651. Successful expedition to Borneo to punish the pirates of that island. Uprising of the Visayans under a pretext of an order of Fajardo compelling them to go to Cavite to aid the Tagalogs in the construction of ships. 1654. Cathedral having been ruined by earthquakes, the first stone of the new one was laid. 1655. Corralat, Sultan of Mindanao, broke treaty of peace. 1656. Famine and misery in the islands as a result of a great plague of locusts. 1657. The governor of Zamboanga pursued the pirate Balatamay, and not finding him on the sea, invaded his country and destroyed a number of Moro towns. 1658. A great earthquake. 1660. Uprising in the provinces of Pampanga and Pangasinan, Luzón, quelled without bloodshed. 1662. Chinese pirate Koseng demanded the submission of the archipelago, with serious threats. Upris- ing of the Chinese in the suburbs of Manila and their subsequent submission. 1663. Koseng died. His son desisted from preparations for war and sent an ambassador to arrange commercial treaties. In order to concentrate the Spanish forces the garrison of Zamboanga retired; the Moros resumed their piratical expeditions. IV. COMMERCE ESTABLISHED WITH AMERICA, ASIA, AND THE ARCHIPELAGOES. 1664. A regular departure of ships for Acapulco, Mexico, established. Shipyards in the provinces begun where it was easiest to obtain timber. Embassies sent in the interest of commerce to Camboja, Siam, and Batavia. 1667. Expedition to subdue the Igorrotes. 1669. Embassy of Juan Enríquez de Lozada reestablished commerce with Macao, China (Portugese) and established it with Canton and Ningpo, China. 1671. Bay of Manila visited by numerous vessels and commerce is very active. 1677. Missionary movements to China, Japan, and Siam. Earthquakes frequent, although not very strong. S. Doc. 280— 12* 178 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 1678. The development of commerce encouraged. 1679. Don Fernando de Valenzuela arrived, exiled to these islands; he had been the first minister of Carlos II. 1685. An epidemic of smallpox caused great mortality. 1686. Loss of crops on account of superabundant rainfall. 1687. A conflagration destroyed the greater part of the suburbs of Baybay and Tondo, Manila. 1688. Don Francisco de Campos Valdivia arrived at Manila and restored the royal audiencia, which had been destroyed, together with the prison of Oidores. 1689. Fuertes maintained public quiet and held in check the rebellious spirit. 1690. The construction of a number of edifices, such as the royal audiencia, the auditor's office, the prison of Corte, and the beginning of the royal storehouses attributed to this period. 2694. The galleon San José is lost and 400 people perish. 1701. Commerce flourishing. 1704. The galleon Rosario had a combat with two English ships of war, which were compelled to retire. The Sultan of Sulu visited the Sultan of Mindanao; on account of supposed offenses they came to blows, with the result that both were killed. The nephew of the deceased Sultan of Mindanao asked help of Zabalburu, who pacified the Moros. 1706. The cultivation of cacao, introduced from Mexico. 1709. All Chinamen above a certain number compelled to return to their country. 1718 Reestablished the presidio of Zamboanga. Constructed a presidio at Labo, in the southern part of Palawan. Bustamante sent his nephew as ambassador to the King of Siam in order to arrange treaty of commerce. The temporary governor, Torralba, was accused of a heavy embezzlement and imprisoned. 1719. Rebellion broke out, and the mob assassinated Bustamante and his son. Reestablished the royal audiencia and took summary measures against the promoters and perpetrators of the assassination of Bustamante. 1720. Five thousand Moros besieged Zamboanga for 2 months; the governor saved the city. The council of war decreed the abandonment of the presidio at Labo. 1721. The Moro pirates pursued without result. 1723. A new expedition against them recovered the Sabanilla and caused the death of many, among them several chiefs. 1725. Sultan of Sulu sent to Manila a Chinaman named Kikan to sue for peace. 1726. Signed at Sulu an agreement between the Sultan and Spain. The Moros immediately resumed their piratical operations. Seventy pra hoes manned by Chinese pirates were overtaken and completely destroyed. 1729. Valdes repaired the fortifications and provided armaments for the plaza. 1730. A fleet of 20 vessels, manned by 3,000 Sulu pirates, caused great damage among the islands of the south and made an attack on Taytay, which Don Pedro Lucena successfully defended. 1731. A strong squadron sailed from Cavite to Sulu and punished the Moros, burning towns, ravaging the fields, and killing many. The Sultan of Tamontaca asked aid of the Spaniards against Prince Malinog, the ally of the Dutch. Assistance was furnished and a great victory achieved. 1733. A conflagration destroyed the royal storehouses. 1734. Fruitless expedition was sent in aid of the Sultan of Tamontaca. The Moros attempted to sur- prise the presidio of Zamboanga, but were repulsed 1735. Two thousand Moros made an attack on Taytay. Brilliant defense of this town. Three large Dutch war ships anchored in the bay of Manila, demanded a vessel of their nation which had been made a prize in the waters near Mindanao, and an agreement was reached with them. There arrived a royal cedula which settled in favor of the commerce of Manila the vexatious question of the introduction into America of silks from China. 1737. An expedition sent to Sulu to ratify a compact of peace with the new ruler of that island. 1741. Arrangements made for the defense of the coast and pursuit of the Moro pirates. 1742. The English Admiral Anson captured the ship Covadonga on the voyage from Acapulco, Mexico. 1743. A squadron set forth in pursuit of Anson, but returned without success. 1745. Insurrection in Batangas. Fortifications to defend the plazas built; the casting of cannon of caliber 18 ordered; a suitable amount of munitions of war in the governor's storehouses authorized 1747. Two Dutch ships made a futile attempt to take possession of Basilán. 1749. Ali-Mudin, Sultan of Sulu, arrived at Manila, asking to be placed again upon his throne, which he said had been usurped by Bantilan. 1750. Ali-Mudin received baptism. The piracy of the Moros continued with the aid of Bantilan. 175). A squadron sailed to place Ali-Mudin again upon the throne of Sulu under the name of Fernando I. While the latter remained at Basilán, the squadron went to Sulu, and later to Zamboanga. The treachery of Ali-Mudin was revealed by a letter from him to the Sultan of Tamontaca. He was sent a prisoner to Manila. 1752. Expedition to Sulu with little result. An expedition to take possession of Palawan was obliged to return to Manila. Two thousand Moros besieged Iligan unsuccessfully. 1754. All the ocean regions of the archipelago were invaded by Moro pirates, who carried terror and misfortune wherever they landed. This was the worst piratical movement on the part of the Moros up to the date indicated. A squadron pursued them. The governor reorganized the militia, changed the uniform, created what was called the King's Regiment and 4 brigades of artillery, established artillery schools, and equipped the arsenal and storehouses of Cavite and the ship from Acapulco. A terrible eruption of Taal attended with sad results. A plague arose, produced by the multitude of fishes, killed by the eruption, floating upon Taal Lake. The fleet off Iligan, Mindanao, destroyed 150 hostile boats and killed 3,000 Moros. 1755. Arandia expelled the Chinese pagans, and constructed an alcayceria, where Chinese who came to engage in trade were obliged to reside temporarily, Chinese who accepted Christianity were permitted to remain in the islands, but only for the purpose of tilling the soil, being pro- hibited from engaging in business. A presidio was constructed at Misamis and the fort of Tandag repaired. An expedition under Don Pedro Zacarias Villareal went to Sulu, where peace was announced between Bantilan and the Spaniards, but once more the Moros broke their agreement. 1756. Don Pedro Gaztambide won a victory over 38 piratical vessels off the coast of Batangas. 1761. Rojo took command by virtue of a royal cedula. He showed himself kindly disposed toward Ali-Mudin, whom he wished to place again upon the throne of Sulu. 1762. An English squadron of 13 ships, with more than 6,000 men, under command of Admiral Cornish, and Brigadier Draper, arrived at Manila, which was unprepared to resist attack. Treacherous conduct of the Frenchman Fallet, and of the Spanish-American Orendian. The junta of authorities names Anda governor; left Manila and went to Bulacán. Capture and sacking of Manila by the English. Anda in Bulacán as governor prepared for the defense of the country. Uprisings in the provinces took place. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 179 1763. Expedition of the English to Bulacan. Asturian Bustos harasses the English, who retire to Manila, after burning the convent and church of Bulacán. Bustos established his general headquarters at Malinta, from which place he makes forays, even to the suburbs of Manila. Provisions grew scarce in the latter city. V. RESTORATION OF SPANISH DOMINION. 1764. Anda received dispatches from the King informing him of the treaty of peace with the English. The new Spanish governor arrived to whom Anda turned over the governorship of Pampanga. Triumphal entry of Don Simón de Anda into Manila after the evacuation by the English. La Torre made good, so far as possible, the injuries which war had inflicted on the country. 1765. The frigate Buen Consejo came to the Philippines by way of the Cape of Good Hope, thus inau- gurating direct communication between Spain and the Philippines. Two eruptions of the volcano Mayón. 1767. A Moro piratical expedition entered the Bay of Manila. 1768. The Jesuits were expelled from the Philippines by order of Carlos III. 1769. Order that the Chinese be expelled from the Philippines only partially fulfilled. 1770. Anda repaired the walls of Manila and within a few months brought about the construction of several war vessels. 1773. The frigate Deseada was dispatched to Batavia, Java, to reestablish business relations. 1775. Moros assassinated the garrison left by the English in the island of Balambangan. 1776. Sarrio provided a little fleet of light boats to pursue the pirates, and obtained good results. 1778. Ismael, the Sultan of Sulu, was poisoned by the partisans of the sons of Bantilan. 1778. A desire to develop agriculture. Seeds obtained from other countries, and more than 4,000 mul- berry trees were planted in Camarines Sur for feeding silkworms. Basco rids the country of evil doers. Don José Gómez combats piracy, distinguishing himself in pursuit of the pirates; eventually dislodged them from Mamburao, Mindoro, where they had established forts. The order for the expulsion of the Chinese was revoked. 1779. Basco granted rewards to those who were conspicuous for their success in agriculture. 1781. The Sultan of Sulu sued for peace and returned a captured vessel. Established the Economical Society of Friends of the Country. 1782. The tobacco monopoly was established, and considerably increased. Successful expeditions to Burias I. 1783. Preaching in the Batanes Islands, which were annexed to the Crown of Spain. 1785. The King authorized the creation of the Royal Company of the Philippines. 1787. The Ilocanes revolted on account of the tobacco monopoly, but afterwards submitted. 1788. The appointment of the cabezas de barangay was made by the provincial chiefs, on the nomi- nation of the headmen of the town. 1790. Marquina submitted a "plan of reform," which should be made in the Philippines, and approved of "instructions" which tobacconists must observe in regard to the tax on wines. 1793. On account of the war with England, the fortifications strengthened; the navy augmented; established a dockyard at Corregidor, and 10,000 men under arms. 1794. A bastion was constructed in Binondo, which dominated La Barraca. 1796. Great earthquake. 1797. Squadron sailed in pursuit of an English convoy, but encountered a typhoon, 1798. An English squadron flying a Spanish flag arrived at Zamboanga. The governor defeated the enemy and saved the plaza. The Moros made an attack on Baler, Casiguran, Palanan, Luzón. 1799. An order was issued for a definite census of the natives; also an order prohibiting the secretion of fractional silver currency. The frigate Pilar arrived with $1,200,000, thus relieving the financial difficulties. 1800. The marine comandancia was created. Foreigners were prohibited from living in the Philippines. 1801. Raón's "Ordinances of Good Government” were suppressed. 1803. A magistrate was sent to Mindoro in order to promote the development of the island. The English again took possession of the island of Balambangan. 1805. English again attacked Zamboanga and were defeated. Sainte-Croix was commissionedtoinves- tigate the gold mines of Mambulao in Camarines, and later published his report. The com- plete independence of the Manila custom-house was decreed by royal order. 1806. English abandoned Balambangan. 1807. Uprising in Ilocos Norte, Luzón, was subdued. 1809. French sloop of war Mosca attacked Batangas, Luzón. 1810. Aguilar proposed the suppression of ships to Acapulco and to concede to merchants the right to fit out private ships for voyages to America. 1811. Publication of the first newspaper in the Philippines, with this began Del Superior Gobierno. Uprising of fanatics who proposed to found a new religion. 1813. The constitution of 1812 published in Manila. By the decrees of the Cortes, the ship to Acapulco, Mexico, was suspended. The last one started in 1811 and returned in 1915. The Moros attempted in vain to take Zamboanga. Gardoqui encouraged agriculture. 1814. Movements originated in the Philippines for the publication and revocation of the constitution of Cádiz. In Laoag, Ilocos Norte, Luzon, Vicente Febro, the Augustin parish priest, founded a hospital for lepers which was the first establishment of the kind in the Philippines. The English attempted to take possession of Sulu and Mindanao. Introduction of opium was prohibited. Great eruption of the volcano of Mayón. 1817. Expedition to the country of the savage Mayoyaos in Nueva Vizcaya. 1818. Naval victory over the pirates on the coast of Albay. Restoration of the fortifications of Zamboanga, Mindanao. 1819. The Royal Economic Society of the Philippines reestablished. 1820. Royal cedula, according to which there was conceded the suppression of duties during ten years on natural and industrial products of the Philippines imported into Spain in ships flying the flag. Cholera in Manila. Prevalent among the natives; a belief that the foreigners had pois- oned the waters. The mob assassinated the English and French residents in Manila to the number of 28; afterwards attacked the Chinese. 1821. The constitution of 1812 was again sworn to in Manila Creation of the naval academy. 1822. With Martínez many officials from Spain came to the Philippines, following the counsel which had been given to Folgueras, because those already there were almost all Spanish-Americans. Martínez sent to Spain various persons who, it was said, were in conspiracy. Captain Novales provoked an uprising in which Don Mariano Fernández Folgueras was assassinated, but it was promptly suppressed by the local authorities. 1824. Strong earthquake in Manila. The statue of Carlos IV was placed in the Plaza del Palacio. Expeditions against the pirates, who were punished and suffered loss. 180 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 1825. A painting of Fernando VII was given the reception which would have been given to the royal person if he had come to the island. Issued orders to encourage agriculture. 1827. An expedition to suppress the rebellion in Bohol. 1828. Ricafort prohibited strangers from going into the provinces to acquire products of the country. The royal order commanded the protection and cultivation of cotton and the introduction of machinery for making thread and cloth of said article. Royal order commanded the establishment of a mint in Manila. Earthquake in Manila. 1829. Ordered a reformation in the general management of the Chinese residents in these islands. 1830. Arrival in Manila of the expeditionary regiment of Asia in consequence of a request to Spain for European troops and the reorganization of the regiment of the King. A general map of the archipelago made, profiting by the knowledge acquired in expeditions. Road ways and smaller paths were made connecting with these, and several bridges were built. By royal order the 8 districts fronting the Moros were declared military and political penal. 1832. By royal order the commercial code promulgated in Spain was extended to the Philippines with such variations in its application as the archipelago required. 1834. "La Guia de Forasteros" published with interesting notices. 1835. The board of trade was organized. Cramer issued a decree in regard to the government of the archipelago. Officers of the veteran army were placed as commanders of the provincial militia. A gradual impost by stamps on bills of exchange established. 1836. Decreed, that simple pesetas have in the islands the value of 4 reales, as they had in Spain, and not of 5 reales as they had in the archipelago. A treaty of commerce was signed with the Sultan of Sulu. 1837. A department of inspection of mines was organized in the islands. Camba declared to the gov- ernment that the plans adopted of making peace and alliance with the Sultan of Sulu did not bring a single decided advantage to navigation or to commerce. Manuel Blanco, Augus- tin Father, published La Flora de Filipinas. 1838. The post-office department began its work according to the reforms published the year before. • There was created in Spain a consulting committee for the business of the colonies. 1839. Lardizabal, who was a Visayan, gave the name of Nueva Vizcaya to a new province which was formed from the province of Cagayán. Recognized the excellent quality of Philippine tobacco and at the same time the defective methods of manufacture. Measures taken to pre- vent adulterations. There was published in Manila a weekly paper entitled Current Prices of Manila. 1840. Inauguration of school of commerce. Orders issued in regard to the rightful censorship. of books. There was created a committee for the control of manufactures and a general admin- istration of taxes. A project for a monument to Magellan, in the island of Mactan, Cebú, proposed. 1841. Sedition in Tayabas, Luzón, promoted by Apolinario de la Cruz, called by his fanatical follow- ers, King of the Tagálogs, and to whom they attributed supernatural powers. These rebels were completely overthrown by Commandant Huet. There was created by royal order the Gobierno Intendencia de Visayas, with its capital in Cebú. 1842. A circular issued recommending the discovery of coal mines. Order concerning the free con- struction of ships. Regulations for the control and policing of the bay and port of Manila published. 1843. A subdelegation of medicine and surgery established. The shipyard of Masbate was transferred to Cebú. Certain rules were published to the consignees of the Chinese sampans in regard to unloading Authorization to the Chinese to use opium, it being declared at the same time to be a monopoly. 1844. Took possession of the island of Basilán to better control the Moros. The Indians and half- castes were prohibited the smoking of opium. Alcala regulated the offices of the treasury, organized the army, indicated the necessity of licenses for the use of arms, and published dis- positions in regard to the affairs, passports, carriages, and other matters. Clavería, with the consent of the ecclesiastical authority, reformed the calendar in the Philippines to conform to that of Spain and America, suppressing the 31st day of December, 1814; therefore, the archipelago found itself a day in advance. Commands the building of a fort in the island of Basilån, which was occupied by his predecessor. Ordered that the alcaldes should be edu- cated. Prohibited the chiefs of provinces from engaging in commerce. The French attempted to take possession of the island of Basilán. 1846. Rules for the development of mineral industries. 1847. Fire reduced to ashes suburbs of Santa Cruz and Quiapo, Manila. An expedition sent to sub- due the bloody savages of Mayoyaos, Nueva Vizcaya. Important conquest of Dávao on the S. of Mindanao. A body of constables was created for public security against criminals. Political and military governors were prohibited from engaging in commerce. 1848. Expedition to the islands of Balanguingui, Sulu A.; destroyed the towns of the pirates, with the death of many Môros and the rescue of 200 captives, several of these Dutch from Java. There was purchased in London the steamers Magallanes, Elcano, and Reina de Castilla, which were the first ships of this kind seen in the Philippines. Erection of the monument to Magel- lan in Manila. 1849. The regular clergy were prohibited from transferring their property without previous royal license. The organization of bodies of police in the provinces. Creation of an academy of drawing and painting. Blanco formed a body of vaccinators, and obliged all children to be vaccinated. Monthly lottery was established in Manila. 1850. The Moros from Sulu attacked Sámar and Camiguin. Permission granted to the planters to introduce Chinese, who were to devote themselves exclusively to agriculture. The governor- intendencia of the Visayas was suppressed. 1851. Urbiztondo directed an expedition to Sulu, destroyed the corts and captured 112 cannon, reduced to ashes the quays and a multitude of boats. The tobacco from Cagayán, in the N. of Luzon, was given a premium and gold medal at the Universal Exposition in London. 1852. Inauguration of the suspension bridge which united Arroceros with Quiapo, Manila. The Spanish-Philippine Bank began its operations. A prison was established in Polloc, Cotabato, Mindanao. The official bulletin of the Philippines was established. Various earthquakes were felt. 1853. Eruption of the volcano of Mayón. 1854. On the island of Basilán a company of soldiers were assassinated by the Moros. A monthly mail between Manila and Hongkong commenced. An earthquake was felt in Manila, and the suburb of Tondo razed. A multitude of royal orders arrived, relieving almost every official in the archipelago. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 181 1855. The tribunal of commerce was established. Captured in the waters of Sulu a pirate boat, and soon afterwards at Balanguingui, Sulu A., a pirate fieet, that time being constructed by the Moros. The name of the province of Manila was given to that which up to this date was called Tondo. A cyclone caused great destruction. Eruption of the volcano Macaturin Mindanao. 1857. The clandestine introduction of immoral books with immoral pictures caused a decree to do away with this evil. Decreed that the official accounts should be carried on in the decimal system. Authorized the establishment of houses for the exchange of money. Published a very energetic decree against criminals. 1858. An expedition of 1,500 men started from Manila for Cochin, China, to aid French. Established a politico-military government in the island of Balábac. Published a proclamation for the defense of fishing towns, and sent an expedition to Simisa, which was garrisoned by piratical Moros, and another against the island of Pilas, causing in each great injury to the Moros and rescuing various captives. Beautified Manila and its surroundings and organized the botanical gardens. 1859. An aerolite fell in the town of Mexico, in Pampanga. A civil government for the province of Manila created. The Maritime Mutual Benefit Society founded. Various improvements in the war department ordered, among others the change of uniform for the army to one more suitable for the climate of the country. Ordered the demolition of the "Parian," and accom- plished in spite of difficulties. The market of Quinta, Manila, is opened to the public. 1860. An order in regard to the duties of petty governors issued. Madrazo and Malcampo pursued the pirates with good results. The printing Antes Acordadas was authorized. 1861. The official bulletin of the Philippines took the name Manija Gazette, by royal order of the previous year. A politico-military government established in Visayas, and another in Min- doro. Coining in the mint of Manila begun. The School of Botany and Agriculture estab- lished. Gunboats with hulls of steel and light draft arrive in the islands and began a vigorous and successful campaign against the pirates. 1862. The archipelago afflicted by cholera, fire, flood, cyclones, and locusts. By royal decree a royal delegate is created to study the various branches of administration. The gunboats con- tinue the pursuit of the pirates. VI. REPRESENTATION IN THE MINISTRY. 1863. Creation of the minister for the colonies. Great earthquake, which almost reduced Manila to a mountain of ruins, with the death of 400 persons and the injury of some 2,000. 1864. The ayuntamiento founded a municipal school for girls in charge of the Daughters of Charity. Lightning fired the general storehouse of tobacco, with a loss of $2,000,000. Traitorous con- duct of the Dato Uto in the Rio Grande. Mindanao. 1865. A great fire destroyed a large part of the suburbs of Tondo, Santa Cruz, and Quiapo, Manila. The School Ateneo Municipal acknowledged as an institute of secondary instruction, 1866. Rules for the taxation of the Chinese. A government place of deposit established. The Moros of Supangan and Symuay conquered. The government carried out the royal order for the creation of a general inspection of public works and the royal decree approving the organie laws of civil careers in the political administration of the colonies. A commission was named to study reforms in the penal code for the colonies. A central committee of agriculture, industry, and commerce created in Manila. The squadron of the Pacific proceeded from Callao, Peru, S. A., and arrived in Manila. Many improvements were made in Manila and its suburbs. 1867. Great floods in Manila and Ilocos, Luzón. 1868. An expedition sent for the punishment of the savages in N. Luzón. 1869. Establishment on the guardia civil. Pardon of criminals and the formation from them of the company of Guias de la Torre (Guides of the Tower) to pursue criminals, which multiplied crimes and disturbances. 1870. Several hundred vagabonds deported to Balábac and Mindanao. The remains of Anda trans- ferred to the Church of San Francisco. 1871. The orders of the ministers of colonies secularizing the University of Secondary Education, Enforced, and orders suspended. Eruption of the volcanoes of Camiguin and of Mayón. Gunboats destroyed several pirate boats and burned towns. 1872. A conspiracy, which failed in Manila and was transferred to Cavite, put down, King of Cam- boja, Norodom I, visited Manila. The veterans' civil guard for public vigilance and services in Manila and its suburbs was established. Tornado in Manila. A politico-military govern- ment was established at Palawan and Zamboanga. The electric semaphor line from Manila to Punta Restinga was established. 1873. A telegraph line opened in various provinces of Luzon. In the mountains of San Mateo-and Bosoboso Rizal Luzon encounters between civil guards and bandits. A line of Spanish steam- ers was established between the archipelago and Spain. Ports of Legaspi, Tacloban, and Leyte opened to commerce. 1874. Five hundred Moros from Sulu attacked the garrison in Balábac and were repulsed. 1875. Inauguration of the Bridge of Spain. Proclamation of Alfonso XII, King of Spain. 1876. The Philippines represented in the Exposition at Philadelphia. Conquest of Sulu. Construc- tion of fortifications for the preservation of the conquered country. 1877. Moriones repressed usury; ordered the payment to collectors of tobacco tax the amount that was due them; convoked meeting of medical men to better the hygienic conditions of Sulu. An expedition under Gamir explored part of the island of Sulu. 1878. Inauguration of the waterworks system of Carriedo. Moriones started on an expedition to the S. of the archipelago. The Sultan and the datos of Sulu signed articles of capitulation, acknowleding the rights of Spain. 1880. The committee of works of the port of Manila organized. Strong earthquake in Manila. Cable communication between Luzon and Spain established. 1881. Royal decree did away with the tobacco monopoly. By royal decree general inspection of com- munications was established. Expedition sent to Paulín to punish the Moros or Sulu. A gar- rison was reestablished at Siasi, Tataán, and Bongao, Sulu A. Tornado passed over Manila. Cholera in Zamboanga and in Manila. Savings bank established, and the waterworks sys- tem initiated by Moriones inaugurated. 1883. The Philippines represented in the Exposition of Amsterdam. Reduction from 40 to 15 days in the work required by the state from each person, and the placing of a provisional tax of $1.50 on each person. The general plan for railroads in Luzon was approved. 182 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 1884. Jovellar made a visit to the islands of the south; institution of the personal cedula. Reforms in the general direction of civil administration. Observatory of Manila declared official. Newy converted infidels in Mindanao made exempt from tribute for life. 1885. Danger of conflict between Spain and Germany in respect to sovereignty over the islands known as the Carolines. 1886. Termination of the conflict between Spain and Germany in regard to the Carolines and Palaos, by arbitration of the Pope. Successful expedition against the Dato Uto. The Dato Harun visited Manila and was prcclaimed sovereign of Sulu. 1887. Commencement of work on the railroad from Manila to Dagupan. Terrero began an expedition against the Dato Uto established on the Rio Grande, Mindanao; took position at Bacat, breaking the powerful influence of the Moro dato. Successful expedition to Maibung, Sulu A. Destruction of the fort of the rebel sultan. Other successful expeditions to Tapul, Pata, Boal, etc. 1888. The tramway from Manila to Malabon, Rizal, Luzón, inaugurated. 1889. Agricultural school established in Manila. VII. CIVIL GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHED. 1890. The organization of ayuntamientos begun in the capital towns and provinces under civil goy- ernment. The School of Practical and Professional Arts and Trades begun. Telephone sys- tem inaugurated in the Philippines, Defenses of Tucuran, Mindanao, terminated. 1891. Inauguration of the railroad from Manila to Calumpit, Bulacan, Luzón. Campaign against the Moros of Lake Lanao. An expedition took possession of Fort Marihui. At Dagupan, in the province of Pangasinan, a college of the first class of secondary education was established. 1892. The railroad from Calumpit to Dagupan, Pangasinan, Luzón, inaugurated. Establishment of a higher normal school for (female) teachers. Celebration of the fourth centennial of Christo- pher Columbus. 1893. By royal order municipal laws in the provinces of Luzon and the Visayas were modified accord- ing to the reforms of Maura. In Sulu the Sultan Harun abdicated, and the Dato Amirul Quiram was proclaimed in his stead. 1894. Campaign against the Moros in N. Mindanao. 1895. Opening of the first regional exposition of the Philippines. Electric light was established in Manila. Larahui, of Lake Lanao, was captured. The first mission of the Benedictine friars arrived in the Philippines. VIII. REVOLUTION AGAINST SPAIN. 1896. A revolution inaugurated. Conflicts took place in the vicinity of Manila. Publication of an amnesty. The rebellion extended to the neighboring provinces of Manila. Insurrections discovered and suppressed in Sulu and Palawan. In Iligan 2 companies of convicts rebelled and afterwards infested the towns N. of Mindanao. Reenforcements arrive from Spain. Inaction after the defeat of Noveleta, Cavite, Luzón, Blanco relieved. Pola vieja began oper- ations against the rebels in the military courts. Many Filipinos held as authors of the con- spiracy were tried and executed, among them Rizal. 1897. A combined attack by 6 columns against the place known as Cacaroon de Sile broke the insur- rection in the province of Bulacán. Fresh reenforcements arrived from Spain. The execu- tion of Filipinos continued, and conflicts took place in the provinces of Manila, Bataan, Pampanga, and Batangas. Publication of an amnesty. Regiments of native volunteers were organized. The conquest of the province of Cavite begun. Silang, Dasmarinas, and Imus recovered. Another amnesty granted. Noveleta and San Francisco de Malabon taken by the Spaniards. Primo de Rivera made addresses to the people and to the army and began operations. Indang, Maragondón, taken. Publication of amnesty. Variou, garrisons were established. Negotiations instituted for peace treaty of Biac-nabato. Aguinaldo and various chiefs were deported to Hongkong, where Aguinaldo collected the $400,000 on the check of the Hongkong Bank which was given him. Earthquakes in Mindanao and Sulu. Terrible tornado in Sámar and Leyte. 1898. Uprisings in Luzon. The American squadron destroyed (May 1) the Spanish squadron in the bay of Manila. Blockade of Manila. Aguinaldo permitted to land at Cavite. Organization of the so-called advisory assembly of the Philippines and publication of a programme of autonomy. Uprising in the provinces of Luzon, and attack on defenseless Spaniards. Various garrisons fell into the power of the Tagálogs. A squadron under the command of Camara starts from Spain, but returns after having passed through the Suez Canal. Ang. 12. Protocol of peace signed. Aug. 13. The city of Manila surrendered. Americans entered Manila. Cessation of hostilities proclaimed Jaudenez left for Spain, General Rizzo remaining in command. Ríos established in Iloilo, Pánay. Continued the government of those islands where the Span- ish flag still flew. A small Tagalog fleet was destroyed by Spanish gunboats. IX. FROM THE TRANSFER OF SOVEREIGNTY TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Dec. 10. Treaty of peace between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain signed at Paris, by the terms of which the Philippine Archipelago ceased to belong to the Crown of Spain and passed under the jurisdiction of the former power. Ríos ordered fortresses to be abandoned and troops concentrated in Zamboanga. From there he returned to Manila. [For military and civil events following see “United States military occupation and government and civil government,” under general head "The Philippine (Archipelago) Islands," and "The Municipality of Manila." 1899. Jan. 1. Rios arrived in Manila. Embarkation of Spanish troops for Spain. Ríos returned to Spain, and General Jaramillo remained as president of the commission for the selection and transportation of material of war. Manuel Sasbron, at the head of the commission, remained in charge of Spanish property in the Philippines. Apr. 11. Treaty of peace proclaimed. 1900. Nov. 7. Treaty between the United States of America and Spain for the cession to the United States of any and all islands of the Philippine Archipelago lying outside of the line described in Article III of the treaty of peace of December 10, 1898. 1901. Mar. 23. Cession of outlying islands of the Philippines proclaimed. [See the Philippine (Archipelago) Islands, also Provinces by name.] MANILA, FROM THE ENTRANCE OF PÁSIG RIVER, SHOWING THE FORTRESS AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT WORKS. а 5то това THE AYUNTAMIENTO OR CITY HALL OF MANILA-OFFICES OF THE CIVIL GOVERNOR OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, PHILIPPINE CIVIL COMMISSION, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, AND ATTORNEY-GENERAL. Hidum INTENDENCIA BUILDING, MANILA, LUZON-OFFICES OF INSULAR TREASURY, CIVIL SERVICE BOARD, INSULAR AUDITOR, BUREAUS OF COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY, FORESTRY, MINING, PUBLIC LANDS, AND ARCHIVES. OFFICE OF CAPTAIN OF THE PORT OF MANILA, LUZON. In the building on the left is the office of the quarantine station of the Army. MANILA BAY FRONT OF THE CITY OF MANILA, LUZÓN. Right in the front is the work in improvement of the uncompleted harbor of Manila, and on the background of the right the dome of the cathedral and the twin towers of St. Ignatius church, walled city. OBSERVATORY OF MANILA, DISTRICT OF ERMITA, MANILA, LUZON-OFFICE OF THE WEATHER BUREAU (GENERAL VIEW). THE MANILA OBSERVATORY, ERMITA, MANILA, LUZÓN. Main entrance. BRIDGE OF SPAIN (PUENTE DE ESPAÑA), SPANNING THE PASIG RIVER AT MANILA, LUZÓN. A foot way, 4 feet wide, has been added to both sides of the bridge. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 183 THE MUNICIPALITY OF MANILA. MANILA. (Lat. 14° 35' 31" N.; lon. 120° 58' 08'' E.). Time 8 hours, 3 minutes, 52.2 seconds E. of Greenwich (London), or 10 hours, 27 minutes, 55.66 seconds W. of Washington. Area: 20 sg. m. to include limits of police jurisdiction on land, or 32 sq. m. to include the same on water. Population: 297,152, estimated January, 1902; board of health census, 1901, gave 244,932. Race: In the order of numbers, Tagalog, Spaniards, Half-breeds (Mestizos), Chinese, Americans, Europeans of all nationalities, and representatives of all the tribes and provinces of the archipelago; also from all parts of the Far East. Language: English, Spanish, and Tagalog Military Division of the Philippines: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Department North Philippines: Headquarters. Manila. Luzón. Longitude: While Greenwich longitude is exclusively used in this Gazetteer, the following will enable differences to be computed from the many maps and charts of the Philippine Islands issued by other nations bearing their own longitudes: Greenwich (Observatory), England. 0 0 0 Madrid (Observatory), Spain ... 3 41 21 W. San Fernando (Observatory), Spain ..... 6 12 24 W. Paris (Observatory), France ---- 2 20 14 E. Berlin (Urania) (Observatory), Germany........ 13 36 53 E. Ferro, the extreme SW. of the Canary Islands, the assumed dividing line between the E. and W. hem- ispheres - 17 20 0W. WASHINGTON, D. C. (Observatory), United States. 77 2 48 W. Manila Cathedral, Luzon, Philippine Islands, United States · 120 58 8 E. LOCATION The city of Manila, capital of the United States possessions in E. Asia and the seat of military and civil administration in the Philippine Archipelago, is situated at the mouth of the Pasig River, the outlet of the great inland Laguna de Bay (Lake of Bay), on the E. shore of Manila Bay, 28 naut. m. and 32 stat. m. from its entrance. The geo- graphical position of the city gives it superior advantages in the trade of the most densely populated quarter of the globe. NAME AND FOUNDATION. The aboriginal form of spelling “Manila” was “Maynila,” also “Mainila,” a Tagál word meaning a species of shrub or bu h (in Span- ish arbusto, a shrub) which grew on the site of the city wher founded by Capt. Miguel Lopez de Legaspi and his band of conquistadores in 1571, and for that reason named Maynila or Bush Town. The propri- etorship of the soil was conveyed by Lacandola, Rajah of Maynila and Matanda and Solimán, the chieftain in the neighborhood to Legaspi 184 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. in Pacto de Sangre (Compact of Blood). Grijalva, the Augustinian chronicler, gives the following account of this form of pact: “The cere- mony is performed by extracting from the breast of those contracting friendship a small quantity of blood, which, mixed with some wine, is afterwards drunk in equal portions by the covenanters.” It is not improbable that this same Grijalva was the Augustinian whose name is associated with the earliest exploration of our own California. (Crónica del Orden, 1533-1592, México [Augustinian Convent], 1624. From Zúñiga, II, 215.) MODERN FACILITIES. The city possesses modern facilities not excelled in the Far East. The streets are wide, and were so arranged by the founder as to have one side always in the shade. There are fine plazas, public squares, gardens, and promenades. About the middle of the eighteenth cen- tury, due to the beneficence of Carriedo, a public-spirited private citizen, almost every street was furnished with its own standpipe for water supply, which remained in use until 1880. There are elec- tric, telegraph, and telephone facilities within the city and suburbs, with connections to the remotest parts of the islands. A system of trolley lines is projected to points within the municipal and suburban regions. POPULATION. A census taken by the board of health, completed about the 1st of May, 1901, gave the population of Manila 244,932, divided as follows: Filipinos, 181,361; Chinese, 51,567; Americans, 8,562; Spaniards, 2,382; other nationalities, 960. The figures do not include men belong- ing to the United States Army. There are 18,463 buildings in the city, of which 3,739 are good, 1,135 bad, 1,472 small, and 12,117 classed as shacks. According to statistics of the board of health of Manila, the number of inhabitants in January, 1902, was: Natives ... 218, 900 Chinese... 60, 680 Foreigners ... 7,852 Americans... 6, 462 United States Army 3, 260 Total .. 297, 154 The population of Manila is made up of Americans and repre- sentatives of European nationalities, Spaniards predominating among the foreigners, and Filipinos, principally Tagálogs, Mestizos (half castes), Indians, Chinese, Malays, and a few from the S. islands of the archipelago, Japan, and India. This motley aggregation of humanity is assembled through the intercourse of trade and ship- ment. The city is not only the seat of insular government, but the center of foreign and domestic commerce, mercantile, financial, and professional activity, and mechanical industry. It is also the focus of the highest type of the social and intellectual life of the people of the archipelago. The church at Manila was the second place of Christian worship in Malaysia, dedicated in 1571 as “ Conversion of St. Paul, the apostle.” 83 Bahay-Pace Bitas Channel galdin ․. Bitas 743 nese Hospital Lico 10. EA! LLROAD .445 yuman X 3 082 boys STE 0339 388 El Race C CC 01 Ers Calero 3 SO Pritil Bridge Paump 7-4121; Cru 60G 6 lubcube Bilarang-hipon . : 22 Tc.de Tella Bangcusay $309. C. S. Lazare Hospital de Penale Frosa M. D. RAILROAD Calle del ajardo SE 10 HIN Calle 6:614 eta Bancaso 75 Pavia . 081 026 YINA Balic-balic > 2353 ic. de Ricafort tapar cemetery de Reo Morriones quells en der House El Polverino Tutuban Bridge T to Mariquina HDul NID de Mora D Anton Magdal de sta Monica 2003.03 Balic-balic I Sur Signal Cor Go: < del Diaz / de Raja Malanda Calle 3 UCL do de Azcarraga са Те . Rada Mia Cromator il calle alle de Santol de Bilbao Tell Soler A Calle del Gral izquierdo Calle del Gran BILIBID PRISON Folgueras Calle O'Donel Kein Le me ty Conch Calle r solla alle de Pescadores Co c. Salinas J f" (C. de Salinas) de Zarago C de Tabora K de Acura C. de Saguntol MBYS Cuartel de LET Calzada de Bilibid Calle de O.COM de Heleny 307 SIS Bali .. Juan Bridge ic balic Malagut 25 . Locale de SDN 515 Calle Stee Jolo Brood Wireless Calle de la Reyna Reg fic enclinoid. Tero de Meysis Calle del San Jose Benavides Calzada S2 Calle rido DO.. Divisoria Market Sy, S Santamesa : Calle Le le de Gandara CAN-Ondge C.de Castane Calle ARE de 1 Dulumbaya UDIO de Trinidad CNP polos bastambide de Lardizabal Alejandro VI i Fungil dor) Santo Cristo Slau Pedro Calle de Guipit Jólo ao da Lavander ooooo Salle de bal Calle Icdende Juanes Y linta S. Sebastian Church ondesaal de ) Bilibid Race Course de El Cal no 2O Santa mesa Hospital Bustos L de anuncione Toque C 8. Le Calle Caltell del Y de ها و معا EC Plateru la Camb del alle de Margus Bridge OP Do Calle an Sebastian goals 10. do MBINONDO de Barbosa la, SC Urbiztondo 1C: Concordia PRO Vicente Fo Guitarreras Bridge del Pri G de Borraca arol Commy الهالا »se Anioa gud Roser Pasags de Jan 30dakitar Ellionde isteto Escolta de Perez LUXE Depot Vaid lerral ma Commissa & DOME de Calle Ca le Calle Works of the Port property Dry Dock 1 111! MTV Galle 1 del ustoms Plaza de 30 5A araners U calle Works VIA Captain of the cuartel Parit TOP Port ou UE LLE Bridde Cuartel del Fortin C. Bean Estero ales Com'ssy Bride Cemetery Hist Engineer Domingo Forsntiago ' Works of the Port occupied by QM Corral, Land transportation works shop & Etc. & Monument o abellanes cuartel n o Anda Mon Calle Calle de Legardo Q.M. Store House Infanteris Tan de Calle de Balmes Gile-basiyalar Calle Estado Kanpur Bridge -pitch movemors Bai. Lace Malacanand on M1Que Bacood 1996 - 99 Sanchez Rodrigues Aries sos 9/PANDACANY Po Di 39 Calle ain andaca 117150 Refrigeron S 3 Ruriol 9 C.de S. Jy ontua Letray 19) Store houses Med! Pant cato intos Olse. nisu IC Sta Pof preserve Hosp tal Med' Supply Dept NOW 392 Fraternidad Labores Undustria Calle S5 Postico St Lucia Bldg Chief Endr's Offices INTRAMUR oncepcion LA CO2 antibañés ONVALECENCIA Cabildo le lobispo $293403 Rio'sias SxCarlos Agustin alle Co w Medical Laborator a. Yovicto to 3,3 se Works of the Portaproperty 1000 OOO OOO0L 0000000 aines Kuartel de España e Store Houses a rcelino Ona rancia Calle Funildi OSAS 2 Trinidad Bridge Marquez de Sonillas C C GOBLOG.C 5. FELIPE NERI Inico W 30823 Canonico 666 po Lootan arcel Calle JO SISSE 9. R. Cemetery CAMP WALLACE de la a an ran lcio cer Paco Cemetery; lentonio Concordia's Cigar Factory Concordia College SOS LT Calle Antonio Arolas 003 : THEFF Le wicro 08:06 Dis 9. 1 XH Bosto POT D STA drillo 90 TA" Quarters for .. Surgeon Hospit PacBridge De 38% SO S8 Bamban 50% 93 C Z 0000,00 day 6. 0 29 eta tel de Wolate pied by Ernst comes M. UUU DOO mu OSO TOODUD UUUU 3 05 Singalong TO S Pedro Macali An MALATE A emetery in 13 totes lit, o 921 ries so . 237453 D & -2 O 3 N *0300 25 Cable Su .: 2 0 .3.0 +00F THE Native Cemetery 2.? Cemete . T CITY OF MANILA all 2 tubig 1. Mavi 11. osos, 5.00) 2.1 .M. Corral SUAS SIsidro e.. . a Si, Race Course VICINITY All the ground inclosed by dotted line is at present used for corral To S. Pedro Macati a P 18.1 1991 e Pasay Scale 1:11.000 1000 2000 1000 500 3000 4000 FEET Barracks 0,0. LEGEND PASAY O PINEDA LI, 13 -----==-= Good Wagon Road.... Poor Wagon Road. BE lei MS. ==== Rafael ==== Trail..... CO? === Railroad Tramway....... Muntinlupa que 1 Store-house QM. Dept. 2 Engrs Ware house. 3 ML Railroad Station 4,5,6 & 7 Store-houses Subsistance Dept. 8 Wagon Sheds (Pony Corral) 9 Pony Corral and wagon makers-shops. 10 Santa Potenciana Bldg 11-12 Cuartel de Montaña 18 Ayuntamiento (Hdqrs Civil Govt) 14 Municipal Board Bldg, Office of Chief of Police. 15 Hdqis Constabulary. 16 Parian Police Station. 17 S. Juan de Dios Hospl 18 Administracion de Hacienda Público. 8:9 Brush and Bamboo... Grass NOTE: This map is compiled from Spanish surveys and corrected to date from surveys and reconnaissances by our own troops and other information on file in this Office. The maps of the City Engineer have also been consulted as to the names of the streets. Rice Field Cultivated Swamp Office of Chief Engineer Division of the Philippines Manila, 8. 9. Tovember 19,1901. Church's...... City line Police Station River & Harbor Police. Native Police Compiled under the directiare of Wawer Curton Chief Engine Droster the Propinas, First T Sea Ca r ines Sur i ntage Steven, District line Infantry PETE N OTON S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 185 ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES. The buildings for military, civil, religious, educational, and other public purposes are commodious, and in some instances possess no inconsiderable claims to architectural style. (See exhibit of public buildings in Manila and vicinity at the time of the occupation of the city and their present use, hereto appended.) BOUNDARIES. cente, 9962 meters sharpairectie Under the act of January 29, 1902, amending act No. 183, entitled “An act to incorporate the city of Manila," and acts Nos. 214, 267, 313, and 323, amendatory thereof, the boundaries of the city of Manila were established and prescribed as follows: (1) Beginning at a point “7” (marked by a monument) 150 meters north of the Estero Matantubig; thence running S. 52° 6' 42" 5,730.5701 meters to a point "6" (marked by a monument) near the bridge on the east bank of the San Juan River, and through this point in continuation of said course to a point in the center of the channel of said river “a”; (2) thence in a general direction S. 38° 28' 55" E. in the center of the channel of the said San Juan River to a point "5" at its most easterly bend, 996 meters in a direct line from the point “6”; (3) thence S. 22° 55/ 34" W. 1,377.7422 meters to a point“4” in the center of the channel of the Pasig River, where said river bends sharply to the west; (4) thence following the channel of the Pasig River in the general direction S. 43° 40' 4" W. 556.108 meters, measured in a direct line from the point “4” to a point "3" in the center of said river, where the river bends sharply to the east, opposite the mouth of the estero forming the southern boundary of Santa Ana; (5) thence S. 43° 39' 34" W. 2,763.6938 meters to a point"2" (marked by a monument) on the east bank of the Estero Gallina; (6) thence S. 73° 22/ 34" W. 1,219.861 meters to a point “1” (marked by a monument), at high-water mark on Manila Bay, mark on the south side of the mouth of the Estero San Antonio, Malate, and through this point in continuation of said course to low-water mark; (7) thence in a general N. W. direction along the shore line of Manila Bay at low-water mark to a point “8” directly west of the point of beginning “7”; (8) thence E. 2,228 meters to the point “7” of beginning. SEC. 2. The suburb of Gagalangin shall form a part of the district of Tondo, and the municipality of Santa Ana shall constitute a new district of the city of Manila. AREA. The city proper is about 4,500 ft. (1 m.) from N. to S., and about 2,675 ft. (i ni.) from E. to W. within the walls (intramuros). The great- est width, from E. to W. is about 44 m. from the mouth of the Pásig to the San Juan. The bay front (S.) is about 5 m. The corporate jurisdiction of the city for police purposes extends 3 m. from shore into Manila Bay and over a zone of 5 m., enveloping the city on the landward side. Area, 20 sq. m. with police zone on land and 12 sq. m. on water; total, 32 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The city occupies part of the bay front of an extensive plain divided into 2 parts by the Pasig River outlet of Laguna de Bay. On either side of this important stream are numerous tributary channels afford- 186 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ing means of transportation from the interior across the city to points of trade or tidewater shipment. A semicircle of mountains envelopes the plain inland and has a picturesque effect, viewed from the city. To the NE. rises the lofty summit of Angat; to the E. the volcanic range which takes its course down the central peninsula of Rizal. To the SE. in Cavite Province, is visible the conspicuous chain out of which rises the group of peaks known as the Twelve Apostles. West- ward across the bay may be seen the Sierras de Mariveles of Bataan, upward of 4,000 ft. high, and to the NW. the cone of Mount Aráyat in Pampanga Province, 65 m. distant. MANILA BAY. The bay of Manila in physical characteristics, geographical position, and commercial advantages not only holds the first rank in the archi- pelago, but is without a rival in the Far East. It is situated approxi- mately about the center of the coast of Luzon, and is large enough to accommodate the fleets of the world. Its greatest dimensions are from Tubutubu Island in the estuary of Orani, bay of Pampanga in the NW. angle of the shore of the greater bay, to Las Piñas. 35 the boundary between Cavite and Rizal, and from the delta of the river Grande Pampanga on the shores of Bulacan in the NE. to Corregidor Island, SW. 31 m. It is 120 m. in circumference. The entrance in 2 annels between Pulo Munt: point, Bataan, and Restinga point, Cavite is 124 m. Its waters wash 5 provinces, Pampanga, Bulacán, Rizal, Cavite, and Bataan. It also receives 5 of the important rivers of the archipelago. The Grande de la Pampanga, Pásig, Orani, and Imus, all navigable streams. The port of Manila is a “roadstead," in all parts of which anchorage may be had. The bearing of the light on the end of the mole on the N. side of the entrance to the Pasig River with soundings is the guide to take an upper berth. An artificial port is being constructed. During the SW. monsoon and the stormy period which accompanies the change of the monsoons, the "roads” of Manila are unsafe. The larger vessels find protection at Cavite, 7 m. below. All vessels under 300 tons can enter the Pásig, where they moor in rows. MANILA LIGHTS. The approach to Manila Bay from the China Sea is well lighted. Vessels from Hongkong and the ports of China to the NW. first sight the Capones Grande light off the SW. coast of Zambales. Vessels from ports of Indo-China first sight the Corregidor lights in the center. Vessels from Singapore, Java, India, and all the ports of the Philip- pine Islands, Borneo, and to the S., first sight the Cabra Island light. All converge on the Corregidor light at the bay entrance. After leaving the Corregidor and Caballo islands lights the following are seen, approaching Manila: MOUTH OF PÁSIG RIVER, N. side of quay, lat. 14° 36' 18'N., lon. 120° 56' 30'' E. One fixed light, red, 53 ft. above the sea, 49 ft. height of tower, visible 12 (stat.) m.; house, cylindrical tower, painted red; lantern and balcony, white; keeper's dwelling, near tower, painted red. A time ball, black, which is hoisted on the roof of the Manila Observatory at Ermita, is dropped daily at noon, one hundred and twentieth meridian (E. lon.), standard time. It is hoisted 5 minutes before noon and in case of failure is slowly lowered 5 minutes after the signal time. A gun is also fired from the battery of San Diego at the southeastern point of the No 4243 Morala and Cavite 12034 Chund los Malabon Navotas -CONTINUATION OF PASIG RIVER TO LAGUNA DE BAY San Nicolas 20 Caldocan 21 sta River 28 Pasig RIVER 22 Pateros 30 32 32 Vrtas River 20 Lico ateros 2 las 36 Napindan 30 32 29 Taguig DE BAYON 33 ndo Rock piesa NE side of che extend SEE from trance for 32 VILA Sampaloc LAGUNA 26 39 50 125 36 LIGHTHOUSE radio 18 21 oluy Flo Pandacan 32 SI 29 20 /5 14 1513 12 38 16 13 13 13 13 13 13 S By ISTOWER 29 26 San Juan RW 15 13 27 Se San Felipe Neri 22 20 22 21 Bred 44 hole 16 15 - SAM. 17 16 Monument M. 56 wo 38 15 Santa Ana 36 32 27 25 24 Duneta 029 30 22 n 36 o 26 Pacold PASIG RIVER 23 18 33 32 22 25 21 So 23 unds 21 1919 29 LIGHT Vis 2ml 22 Church 30servatory time ball Ermita 26 جمی 25 LA 25 22 33 27 53 30 29 Malate 59 39 27 56 29 26 32 cer 20 25 32 stk. H. 28 37 28 29 36 28 San Pedro Macati 26 20 22 MO 08 25 38 36 42 35 32 20 16 38 Typhoon Signals Typhoon warning signals are displayed from the office of the Captain of the Port, and day signals are shown from the pole near the wall, and night Signals from the 3 poles in the corral. Pasay 37 SO 28 62 . SEK 3e Time Ball A time bail is dropped from the Observatory Ermita, at noon Philippine standard time, 120th Meridian E. Long, Tho noon gun fired at Fort San. tiago is not always reliable, MAGNETIC 51 33 Malibay 32 39 25 33 56 Vorution o'sg, in 1902 89 39 Annual indreaser 55 39 39 Paritaban 28 36 37 32 38 29 Tides The tides are usually diurns in this region, the semidiurnal des being very man when they door The plane of reference is the mean of the low low waters Tropic high water interval Sh. 45b Tropic low water interval Sh. 55 m Tropic High water height Tropic low water height -0.5 Mean higher high water height Tropic tides occur when the moon is nearachar tropic, a farthest north or south of the equator Intervals marked as to be added to the time of the moon's upper transit for north declinations and to the lower transit for south dedination intervals marked bare to be added to the time of the upper transit for south declination, and to the lower transtfor north declin ation The mean half tids lovet varies during the year nearly a foot it is highest in August and lowest in February 53 20 39 39 32 38 38 35 36 noval anchorage T served 22 Northern limit of 28 Harbor Improvement During the year 1902 the channel into the Pasig River and as far as the Bridge of Spain will be dredged to death of 18 fout which depth s proposed to maintain The outer harbor will be materially changed by dredging Operations during 1902 and the sea wall will be extended 22 30 27 Parañaque 29 Voor 23 21 23 Sangloy pant 29 29 29 Bottom mud. S. sand, hed hard oft soft sticky-wreck 29 Petants carbeit 2500 Cañabao 24 20 my w 27 23 27 10 BAY 24 20 25 CAVITE 23 22 20 San Roque Las Piñas TREASURY DEBARTMENT PHILIPPINE ISLANDS MANILA AND CAVITE ANCHORAGES ZADOR MANILA BAY BACOOR BAY Scale 30000 Bacoor Iris Triangulation, Hydrography and Topography cca Pasig River and Harbor from survey by US Engine Cavite Anchorage from reconnaissance by ces Interior topography and Bacoor Bay compiled from various Soundings in feet Geographical Pestion 34 35 302 N one 20* 56 063 Candom) CONG ENG SORT SO Sub-Me ova Print Deco Manila and Cavite No 4243 S Doc 28 0 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 187 and from 3 masts just seaward of the fortress of Santiago near the mouth of Pasig River. MANILA, W. mole, 1 fixed light, red. Tower 6 ft. high, visible 21 (stat.) m. Iron MANILA, W. This lisaks the work prossuth of Pes horizontal, sa beaconat MANILA, 31 18 E. Two, m. A red lim Laguna de bahe 2 shoals Jne flash light and is moved out as the work progresses. MANILA, on battery side of quay, mouth of Pasig River, lat. 14° 36' 24" N., lon. 120° 57' 18' E. Two fixed lights, electric, horizontal, 3 ft. apart; 16 ft. above the sea, visible 6 (stat.) m. A red light is shown from a beacon at the head of Pasig River to mark the entrance from Laguna de Bay to the river. ST. NICHOLAS BANK, on the NW. head of the NW. of the 2 shoals forming those banks in Manila Bay, lat. 14° 26' 25'' N., lon. 120° 45' 15'' E. One flash light every minute, flashes 20 seconds, eclipse 40 seconds, electric; 34 ft. above the of concrete; tower black and white, in horizontal bands, balcony white. MANILA FORTRESS. The city of Manila is a fortress occupying the point of land on the S. side of the junction of the Pasig River and Manila Bay, having the former on its N. and the latter on its W. face. It is encircled by walls with bastions and bulwarks.. Where it does not abut on the river is a moat, which by means of sluices may be flooded, thus completely isolating the city from the landward side. The bay, or W. face, measures about 5,000 ft.; the S. or landside toward Ermita, about 1,800 ft.; the W., about 500 ft. away from the river, 3,300 ft.; and the N., along the Pasig River, about 3,300 ft., making a total circuit of not quite 24 m. The walls are pierced by 6 gates, 3 to the N., on the road to the river Pásig, and 3 on the land side, which is the best fortified. Fort Santiago is the citadel and defends the entrance to the river and N. angle of the city. The area within the walls is laid out in streets intersecting at right angles. The main central thoroughfare, 2,000 ft. in length from N. to SW., is crossed at a right angle, midway in its course, by another 3,300 ft. in length, between the plaza of Santiago in the NW. and the bastion in the extreme SE. angle. The city within the walls is occupied by military, civil, religious, and other structures of a public character. BUSINESS AND RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS. The river Pásig divides Manila into 2 parts, that on the S. being occupied by the military defenses and on the N. by the commercial, mercantile, manufacturing, and residential quarters and suburbs. Two parallel dikes for breakwaters define the entrance of the Pasig River from Manila Bay. At the water end of that on the N., which is 1,700 enade to the Monument of Anda, a patriotic judge and governor in Spanish history. About 200 ft. E. of the monument is Fort Santiago, on the S. side of the junction of the Pasig River and Manila Bay. After entering the Pasig River, which maintains a width of about 500 ft. in this portion of its course, and passing Fort Santiago, is reached the Paseo or promenade of Magallanes, on which stands an obelisk to the memory of the discoverer of the Philippines. At the E. end of this promenade a bridge connects with the Escolta in Binondo suburb. From this point following the stream the intervening space is occupied by barracks, the Quinta market, and military hospital, the latter facing on the Ward de la Concepción and a battery. Near this point the Pasig River makes a bend to the NE. until it receives the waters 188 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. of Laguna de Bay, while the walls of the city make a sharp trend to the SW. At the extreme W. angle, Avenue Santa Lucía extends NW. along the beach paralleling the fortifications and terminating at the monument to Anda. S. of the fortified city is Ermita, and beyond is Malate, famous for its embroideries, stretching along the shore of Manila Bay in the direction of Cavite. SUBURBAN DISTRICTS. Returning to the mouth of the Pásig on the right or N. side are the burbs of Manila, among the attractions of the capital, and connected by means of fine bridges. The interlacing rivers, lagoons, and creeks and numerous islands and picturesque native dwellings give a pecu- liarly interesting effect. The city itself, with its bastions, batteries, church towers, white two storied balconied houses and cottages, reared on piles to escape the floods of the rainy season, and luxuriant groves of subtropical vegetation, has an oriental aspect. Binondo, on the N. bank of the Pásig, opposite the fortified city, represents the domestic and foreign, commercial and mercantile activ- ity of the Philippine Islands and is devoted to the central adminis- tration of revenue, finance, and trade. Some of its streets are paved and narrow. The houses are solidly built. At the Binondo end of the bridge from the fortress, a street called the Escolta, extending to the right and left, is lined with some fine buildings, conspicuously the banks, post-offices, shipping houses, hotels, also with the unpretentious shops and stalls of native traders, the thoroughfare itself being enliv- ened by a motley crowd of the mingling races of the Eastern world. Beyond the Escolta live the native, Chinese, Indian, and half-caste artisans, of divers handicrafts, as jewelers, goldsmiths, enamelers, painters, confectioners, etc.; also there are to be found the theaters, gambling houses, and other resorts for public amusement. In the NE. section is the church and convent of Binondo. Prior to the earthquake of 1863 a handsome 10-arch stone bridge here crossed the Pásig. It was replaced in 1872 by a modern stone structure, which is the bridge of Spain or Puente de España. The steamers and native craft engaged in trade with the bay prov- inces of Mórong, Cavite, Bataan, Pampanga, and Bulacan have their moorings along the banks of the Pásig within this suburb. San Nicolás, at the mouth of the Pasig River, N. side, with Tondo on the N. and Binondo on the W. The works of the port property and dock, custom-house, and United States commissary stores are in this suburb. Tondo, the most N. and populous district along the bay shore above the Pásig, is separated from Binondo on the S. by one of the numerous channels which traverse the level sandy surface and is connected by several bridges. The houses are generally constructed of cane and nipa, a species of palm with feathery leaves, now prohibited. The streets are narrow, most of its traffic being handled on the numerous natural canals formed of the small streams which enter the river and bay at this point and give it the appearence of an oriental Venice. The plaza of Philip II, in which there is a military building, is a fine open space almost surrounded by the natural channels. The station of the Manila and Dagupan R. R. is in this suburb. There is a fine church, convent, theater, market place, and cemetery. The inhabitants are largely engaged in tobacco and cigar industries, fishing, weaving, and gardening for the Manila market. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 189 Santa Cruz, the suburb N. of Binondo, with a narrow frontage on the river, is divided into 15 wards. It is well built, and has a church, convent, flower market, theater, public jail, slaughterhouse, leper hospital (St. Lazare, under the Franciscans), and a cemetery for Chinese. It is noted for its artisans and handicrafts. I Ouiapo, one of the suburbs along the Pasig River, N. of San Miguel Creek and E. of Santa Cruz. It is solidly built, with well-aligned streets and a fine market place well stocked. The Tribunal of the natives is a large structure. A suspension bridge 350 ft. long and 23 ft. wide spans the Pásig. The street of San Sebastián, with its porti- coed native residences, is one of the attractions of this quarter. There is a church, convent, prison, and public jail. San Miguel, the suburb E. of the city on the opposite side of the Pásig and connected with Quiapo by a bridge termed "de la Luinta.” It is noted for the elegance of its residences. Along the river front are a number of villas, among them Malacañang, in Spanish times the residence of the captain-general in the Philippines and now the resi- dence of the civil governor of the archipelago. There is also a church, convent, and barracks. On the island of San Andrés, 1,400 ft. in length and 400 ft. in width, in the Pásig, in front of San Miguel, is the convalescent hospital, San José Home, and insane asylum. On the N. of San Miguel is the ward San Sebastián, with a fine church and convent. Sampaloc, a suburb with 39 wards, extends from San Miguel NW. It has a church, convent, and cemetery. Rivals San Miguel in being the residence part of the city. Calzada del Iris, the widest avenue and one of the handsomest in Manila, is located in Sampaloc. Pandacan, in an arm of the Pasig River on the N. and E., the little rivers Cabitum forming part of the boundary, and Concordia on the S. and Pandacan on the W. The two former unite on the SW., and each has its own outlet into the Pasig, one on the N., the other on the E., which practically makes this suburb an island. Trozo or San José (now forms a single district with Binondo) and another suburb within the municipal radius occupying the center of the NE. limit of the city between Tondo on the NW. and Santa Cruz and Sampáloc on the SE. It is largely occupied by the element engaged in mechanical industries. It has its market, place of popular diversion, and a few of the better class of residences of Chinese and natives. Paco or San Fernando de Dilao, an extensive outlying suburb S. of the bend of the Pasig River, opposite San Miguel. It is connected across an intervening space by a number of thoroughfares leading to the city on the NW., Ermita on the W., and Malate on the SW., along the bay shore. It is also connected with Pandacan on the left bank of the Pasig River and through which it carries on the greater part of its trade with Manila on the one hand and the towns on Laguna de Bay on the other. Great cigar factories, the most prominent being those of “Compañia General de Tabacos” and “Germinal” and other industrial structures, e situated in this district. Ermita and its adjoining town, Malate, on the S., occupies the bay front a short distance S. of the fortress. It is well built with houses of modern construction, and also is the seat of the observatory of Ianila and normal school, which are well accommodated as to struc- tures and equipment. 190 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Malate, beyond Ermita, with fine villas and residences. Ermita and Malate are the favorite headquarters for American families. ROADS AND COMMUNICATION, LAND. A railroad in operation extends from Manila to Dagupan, on Lingayen Bay, from which point roads and trails connect with all parts of N. Luzon. An extensive inland traffic is also carried on by means of native craft via the Pasig River to towns and villages on the shores of Laguna de Bay. A system of land communication extends to the remote province of Sorso- gón, at the extreme SE. end of the peninsula of Luzon, traversing the provinces of Laguna, Batangas, Tayabas, Ambos Camarines, and Albay. A line of railway is projected on surveys from Dagupan, the present terminus, paralleling the China seacoast, to connect the capi- tals San Fernando of Union and Vigan of Ilocos Sur with Láoag, the capital of Ilocos Norte, 152 m., and intermediate points, to within 35 m. of the extreme N. point of Luzon. Another surveyed route for a railway follows the course of the Pasig River, and thence the W., S., and SW. shores of Laguna de Bay, 55 m., to Santa Cruz, the capital of Laguna, with a branch leaving Calamba, about half the distance, on the lake shore, due S. to Batangas, 28 m., on the Verde Passage, the route of steamers between the United States and Manila, and thence to Lemery, on Balayán Bay, 15 m. to the NW. (For distance between Manila and the capital of each province or chief town or group of islands, see table of distances.) COMMERCIAL ADVANTAGES. The bay and city of Manila occupy a point of vantage in geograph- ical position with reference to commercial intercourse with coun- tries in eastern Asia, India, the eastern archipelago, Australasia, Oceanica, and the Pacific shores of the Western Hemisphere unrivaled by any city in Asia. It is the key to the trade of all the islands under the jurisdiction of the United States. It is also most favorably located for navigation in the surrounding seas with respect to favorable winds and currents, particularly so in reaching the W. coasts of the three Americas and the E. coast of Asia. COMMUNICATION, WATER. It has direct steamcommunication with Yokohama (1,630 m.), the metropolis of Japan; with Shanghai (1,080 m.), Tientsin (2,409 m.), and Canton (703 m.), the chief ports on the coast of China, and Hongkong (British, 628 m.), the present center of extensive commer- cial and financial activity in the Far East. It also has steam com- munication with Singapore (British, 1,386 m.), the center of trade of the Straits Settlements; with India, Calcutta (British, 3,016 m.), Madras, Bombay, and other ports; Batavia, Java (Dutch, 1,386 m.); with Port Darwin (British, 1,692 m.), on the N. coast, King Georges Sound (British, 3,792 m.), Adelaide (British, 3,772 m.), and Melbourne (British, 5,142 m.), on the S. coast; with Sydney (3,772 m.) and Brisbane (British, 3,292 m.), on the E. coast, the chief ports of Aus- tralia; with Aukland (British, 4,602 m.) and Wellington (British, 4,612 m.), in New Zealand, through the United States midocean sta- tion at Guam. It is in steam communication with Honolulu (United GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 191 States, 4,843 m.), the Midway Islands (3,808 m.), Caroline Islands (German, 2,326 m.), Pelew Islands (German, 1,020 m.), Solomon Islands (Ugi, British, 2,940 m.), Fiji Islands (British, 3,720 m.), Samoa Islands (Tutuila, United States, 4,603 m.), and Society Islands (Tahiti, French, 5,911 m.), the strategic points of steam intercourse in the Pacific, and through these centers with Valparaiso, in Chile (10,221 m.), Callao, Peru (10,212 m.), Panama (8,706 m.), Nicaragua Canal (pro- posed, 8,766 m.), Acapulco, Mexico (via Honolulu, 8,260 m.), and San Francisco (6,471 m., via Yokohama), and Port Townsend (5,920 m.) in the United States. (For distances by international steam routes, see pp. 129-131.) Manila is in communication with all the commercial ports of the archipelago by means of steam, sailing vessels, and native craft. But for the restrictive policy of centuries Manila to-day would undoubtedly be one of the great commercial marts of the vast conti- nental and insular regions mentioned. Under the “open-door” policy of the United States it is destined in the near future to gain this supremacy and rival Shanghai, Hongkong, Singapore, Batavia, and Calcutta in the trade of the Orient. INDUSTRIES. The mechanical industries are extensive, the manufacture of tobacco, cigars, and cheroots, cord, rope, thread, and ice being prominent. Iron foundries and machine shops, sawmills, stonecutting, woodwork- ing, and other mills are numerous and expanding. COMMERCE AND TRADE. Anchored in the roadstead are ships floating the flags of all nations, and within the river Pásig are moored steam, sailing, and native craft from every province and island in the archipelago. The departures of steamers, mail or mercantile, for ports in Luzon, Min- doro, the Visayas, Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan, and China, and bimonthly mail for Europe and Japan. The consular officers resident at Manila represent 19 of the maritime countries of the world. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. On April 21, 1898, Congress declared a state of war to exist with Spain. Two days later the United States consul at Manila was given his papers and left for Hongkong, where he joined the Asiatic squad- ron of the United States at Mirs Bay. On May 1 the United States squadron destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. On the 3d Cavite arsenal, having been abandoned by the Spanish, was occupied by the forces from the squadron. On July 1 the military expedi- tionary forces of the United States landed at Cavite. On July 31 a night attack on the United States by Spanish troops in the trenches around Manila inaugurated a series of conflicts which culminated on August 13 in a bombardment of the Spanish intrenchments by the Navy and their capture by storm by the United States troops, which was followed by articles of capitulation and occupation of the city. The next day General Merritt issued his first proclamation to the Filipino people. On the 15th orders were issued for the assumption of civil government by the United States military authorities in the city of Manila and district of Cavite, and the necessary officers were 192 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. appointed. On August 16 the commanding general received a cable- gram from the President of the United States announcing the signature of the protocol with Spain and the cessation of hos tilities. From this point in the current of events Manila becomes part of the general history of the Philippine Islands. HISTORY Although the Philippines were discovered in 1521 by Magellan, it was not until 1571 that Legaspi, having conquered Manila, then a village surrounded by a palisade, began the construction of a fortified city as a center for future warlike operations against the islands in the surrounding seas. A municipal form of government was established in the same year. From this seat of colonial authority Juan de Salcedo, the grandson of Legaspi, known as the “ Cortes of the Philippines,” conducted his discoveries, explorations, and conquests, besides repell- ing (1572) an invasion by the Chinese pirate Li Ma Hong with 5,000 followers. In 1580 all the colonies of Portugal in the East, having fallen by con- quest to the Crown of Spain, were governed froni Manila and remained so until 1640, when they were restored. In 1590 the present permanent fortifications were commenced. In 1762 the city was seized by an English fleet and held for some until the arrangement of peace, when it was returned to Spain. In 1863, June 3, at 7.30 p. m., after a day of intense heat, while the people were preparing for the festival of Corpus Christi, the ground rocked violently for 30 seconds, the finest buildings crumbled, and many of the inhabitants were buried in the ruins. Over 400 persons were killed and 2,000 injured, 46 public and 570 private buildings were thrown to the ground, 28 public and 528 private structures were nearly destroyed, and the rest throughout the entire city were more or less injured. Until the outbreak of the Spanish-American war the colonial author- ities at Manila, representing the sovereignty at Madrid, exercised vice- regal sway. MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT, On July 31, 1901, by enactment of the United States Philippine Commission (An act to incorporate the city of Manila), the inhabitants of Manila were constituted a municipality, to “be known as the city of Manila, and by that name to have perpetual succession and all the rights of property therein granted or theretofore enjoyed and possessed by the said city as organized under Spanish sovereignty." DISTRIBUTION OF MUNICIPAL POWERS. The government of the city is vested in a municipal board of 3 members appointed by the civil governor, by and with the consent of the commission, and removable in the same manner. One member must be designated as treasurer with power to act as provided by the charter. There is also a secretary and other officers whose general powers and duties are prescribed. The board is also possessed of cer- tain legislative and executive authority, exercised, by general super- visory control, through five departments: 1. Engineering and public works. 2. Police, PART OF THE DRIVEWAY "PASEO DE ANDA," OR "MALECÓN DEL SUR,” AT MANILA, LUZÓN. The monument is to Anda. . BRIDGE OF SPAIN (ROADWAY), MANILA, LUZON, IRON BRIDGE (CALLED PUENTE DE AYALA) ACROSS PÁSIG RIVER, MANILA, LUZÓN. The stone way parting from it goes to "La Convalescencia," an asylum situated upon a small islet in the river. KIOSKO HABANERO THE ESCOLTA, THE COMMERCIAL STREET OF MANILA, LUZÓN. A view taken from the west end. THEDRALCIE TIBI LOST CISARAILLOS AZ CALLE DE (STREET OF) ROSARIO, BINONDO DISTRICT, MANILA, LUZÓN. Center of Chinese commerce. A view taken from the south side of Binondo church. A LANDING OF "CASCOS" OR FREIGHT BOATS NEAR THE MAGALLANES PROMENADE ON THE SOUTH SHORE OF THE PÁSIG RIVER, MANILA, LUZON. (((( 2 CANAL SCENE IN TONDO, MANILA, LUZÓN. CANAL DE LA REINA, MANILA, LUZÓN. Showing lumber rafts. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 193 3. Law. 4. Fires and building inspection. 5. Assessments and collections. The charter, which is embodied in 72 sections, makes provisions for estimates and appropriations for the expenses of the city; the receipt and custody of money, auditing of accounts, sanitation, schools, defin- ing the duties of officers under the various departments, assessments, taxation and collection, and for other purposes essential to municipal administration. POLICE JURISDICTION. The jurisdiction of the city for police purposes covers a distance of 3 m. from the shore into Manila Bay and over a zone of 5 m. in width surroundir g the city on land. INTERISLAND INTERCOURSE. The political, administrative, and economic importance of keeping the capital and chief commercial port in touch with the remotest islands of the archipelago led to a conference between the military, naval, and civil officers and managers of insular transportation lines, who recommended a project of communication between the provincial capitals and coast towns, and to prevent smuggling, by means of a fleet of small steamers, 140 ft. length, 10 knots maximum, 8 knots ordinary draft, with searchlight and armament, to operate respectively in as many circuits, the average length of each of which being 651 m.; also a stern-wheel steamer, 24 ft. draft, for service on the Cagayan from Aparri to Ilagan; another for service on the Rio Grande de Min- danao and lake system from Polloc inland. A bureau of navigation or perating office was also proposed. MANILA PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Exhibit of public buildings in Manila and vicinity at the time of the occupation of the city and their present use. Location. Within the walled city. Do. Do. BUILDINGS, MILITARY. 1. Office of the major-general commanding.... 2. Office of the military government, subinspection of infantry, cay- alry, guard, and carabineros. 3. Office of the subinspection of artillery ..... 4. Office of the subinspection of engineers ... 5. Artillery barracks.. 6. Cavalry barracks ..... 7. Infantry Academy..... 8. Office of the military director .. 9. Workshops for the artillery.. 10. Workshop of engineers .... 11. Barracks of Malate .... 12. Magazine of San Antonio de Abad Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Malate. Do. Do. Malacañang, San Miguel Within the walled city. Do. BUILDINGS, CIVIL. 13. Palace of the governor and major-general commanding... 14. Audiencia (in ruins)....... 15. Audiencia (temporary) ....... 16. Office of the General Government (temporary) 17. General office of the civil administration 18. Intendance of the treasury (in ruins).. 19. Intendance of the treasury (temporary) 20. Tribunal of accounts (in ruins)...... 21. Tribunal of accounts (temporary) ....... 22. Philippine Spanish Bank..... Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. .. Binondo. S. Doc. 280— 13* 194 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Exhibit of sublic buildings in Manila and vicinity at the time of the occupation of the city and their present use-Continued. Location. BUILDINGS, CIVIL-continued. 23. Office of civil government and city council, called the ayuntami- Within the walled city. ento. 24. Treasury. Do. 25. Custom-house................ San Nicolas. 26. Custom-house (temporary).. Do. 27. Hospital of San Juan de Dios... Within the walled city. 28. Observatory ...... Ermita. 29. (Telegraph) post-office ... Binondo. 30. Mint... Within the walled city. BUILDINGS, RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL. Do. Do. DO. 31. Cathedral (restored to the Roman Byzantine style)..... Within the walled city. 32. Archbishop's palace.. Do. 33. Church and Convent of San Augustin, belonging to that religious Do. order. 34. Church and Convent of St. Domingo, belonging to that religious Do. order. 35. Church and Convent of San Francisco, belonging to that religious Do. order. 36. Church of Recoletos of San Augustin ..... 37. Church and college of the Jesuits, called the Ateneo Municipal, for Do. boys, and providing an academic training. Since United States jurisdiction it has ceased to be municipal. 38. Church and College of Sta. Isabel, for girls, under the Sisters of St. Vincent. 39. Convent and College of Sta. Rosa, under the Sisters of St. Vincent.. Do. 40. Church and monastery of Sta. Clara, belonging to that religious order. 41. Municipal girls' school, now occupied by the American normal school. 42. Church and Convent of Sta. Catalina, in charge of the Dominican Sisters. 43 Church and seminary of the Jesuits (in ruins)..... 44 Convent of the Jesuits.. 45. University ....... Do. 46. College of San Juan de Letran, in charge of the Dominicans, an institution for primary and secondary education. 47. College of Medicine of San José....... 48. Convent and chapel of the Capuchinos . 49. Convent and chapel of the Benedictines.... Quiapo. 50. Church of the Third Order of St. Francis.... Within the walled city. 51. Seminary of San Carlos, under the Paulist Fathers Do. 52. Beaterio of the Society of Jesus, for women.. 53. College of the Concepcion or Concordia, for girls... Paco. 54. College of Loban, for girls, in charge of the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul 55. Military hospital ... Malate. 56. Hospice of San Jose (insane asylum), under Sisters of Charity ...... San Miguel. 57. Leper hospital (San Lazaro).. Santa Cruz. 58. Penitentiary (presidio)....... Do. 59. Jail (Bilibid)..... Do. Do. Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. SUPPLEMENT. 195 COMMERCIAL EXTENSION IN THE PHILIPPINES, MAY, 1902. The extension of facilities of intercourse between Manila and the United States of America via Japan, and China, and India, and Europe via Hongkong, has kept pace with the demands of commerce growing out of the pacification of the archipelago, the firm establishment of American sovereignty, and the exploitation and development of all branches of industry and trade. STEAMSHIP LINES. The Nippon Yusen Kaisha (Japan Mail Steamship Company), with a fleet of 70 steamers and a tonnage of 200,000 tons gross, has Manila connections, with return tickets issued by this company between Hong- kong and Indo-China, available by the steamers of the China Naviga- tion and the China and Manila Steamship companies. The Nippon Yusen Kaisha also maintains a regular line of steamers (which ch from Manila may connect at Hongkong) between Japan ports, Hongkong, Straits Settlements, Colombo, Port Said, Marseilles, London, and Ant- werp fortnightly; also from Hongkong via Japan ports to Seattle, U. S. A., connecting at the latter port with the Great with the Great Northern Rail- way, service monthly. The Hongkong-Manila service of this company is represented by some of the finest steamers in this class in Eastern waters, having dis- placements of 3,875 tons and upward. The United States mail lines offer direct service between Manila and San Francisco, via the Toyo Kisen Kaisha, Occidental and Oriental Steamship Company, and Pacific Steamship Company. The British India Steam Navigation Company announces sailings from Manila to Singapore, Rangoon, Madras, and Calcutta, India, and Yokohama, Moji, and Kobe, Japan, every three weeks. This international service has been attended by corresponding exten- sion of interisland lines. INTERISLAND COMMERCE. The following partial list will convey in a measure the development of commercial activity which is going on by means of branch lines of steamers in the several entry districts of the archipelago: 197 198 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Steamers cleared at the port of Cebú during January, 1902. Name of port. Province. Island. Name of port. Province. Island. Leyte......... Do. Barili... Cebú. Cebú. Baybay..... Leyte..... Leyte. Butúan..... Surigao... Mindanao. Cagayán. Misamis.. Calbayog .. Sámar. Camiguín Misamis Mindanao. Cebú .. Cebú. Dapitan ..... ................ Mindanao. Dumaguete......... Negros Orien Negros. Dumanjug ....... Cebú .. Cebú. Iligan .. Mindanao. Iloilo...... Iloilo... Panay. Jiménez ... Misamis .. Mindanao. Legaspi.. Albay Luzón. Maasin .. Leyte... Leyte. Carcar Malitbog .. Manila ... Misamis .. Ormoc..... Oroquieta.. Palompón Panglao. Romblon Sibonga .... Sorsogon ..... Surigao....... Tacloban,... Tagbiliran.. Toledo ...... Úbay. Misamis ..... Leyte....... Misamis ... Leyte.... Bohol Romblon Leyte. Luzón. Mindanao. Leyte. Mindanao. Leyte. Bohol, Romblon. Cebú. Luzón. Mindanao. Leyte. Bohol. Cebú. Bohol. Cebú ...... tal. Sorsogon Surigao. Leyte... Bohol. Cebú ...... Bohol. Steamers cleared Iloilo district. Entered. Cleared. Entered. Cleared. Bais.. Bugason Cápiz. Cuyo......... Danao ....... Dumaguete .. Manapla..... Bais. Banate. Cápiz, Danao. Escalante. Estancia. Manapla. Manila.... Pulopandan San Carlos San José de Buenavis Manila. Pulopandan. San Carlos. San José de Buena- vísta. Silay. ta...- Silay ..... NEW PORTS OPEN TO COASTWISE TRADE, BY COLLECTION DIS- TRICTS, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CEBÚ PORT OF ENTRY, CEBÚ. The following names represent coastwise ports in addition to list printed on page 107: Name of port. Province. Island. Name of port. Province. Island. Bohol, Cebú . Mactan. Bantayan Island** Madridejos ...... Majanay Island.... Mandaue .. Nanosnocan Island Panglao Pilar.... Cebu : Cebú. Baclayan......... Bohol man Island ........do ... Bilangbilangan Is- land. Borbón.. Cebú. Calituban Island... Bohol Catmon ............ Cebú . Córdoba ............ .....do Gaos Island ... Jinpstanan Island.. Liloan.... Cebu Mabolo.. .........do ..... Cebú. Bohol Leyte........ Bohol. Camotes Is- land. Cebu. Mactan Do. Poro..... San Francisc Sógod... Talísay...... Tuburan... ........do...... .......do ..... ...Cebú ...... ........do .... ........do... Do. Cebú. Cebú. Do. Do. Do. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 199 ILOILO PORT OF ENTRY, PANAY. The following coastwise ports are in addition to the list printed on page 108: Name of port. Province. Island. Name of port. Province. Island. P A ...... Bais ........... Negros Oriental ... Negres. Barotac Nuevo Iloilo ..... Panay. Binalbagan... Negros Occidental. Negros. Buruanga ..... Cápiz. Panay. Cabancalan ... Negros Occidental. Negros. Cádiz Nuevo........do ..... Do. Do. Calatrava...........do............ Concepción.... Iloilo...... Panay. Dumangas..........do Do. Escalante...... Negros riental ... Negros. Ginigaran ..... Negros Occidental. Guimarás Is- Iloilo. Panay. land. Guimbal...... Iloilo ....... Panay. Ilog ........ Negros Occidental. Negros. Manapla.. .....do ...... Do. Miagao....... Iloilo. Panay. Pontevedra... Cápiz... Do. San Carlos.... Negros Occidental. Negros. San Dionisio.. Iloilo ... Panay. San Enrique.. ..do ............. Do. San Joaquín.. .....do .. Do. Saravia ...... Negros Occidental. Negros. Suay....... .do. Do. Valledolid.........do... Do. Victorias ..........do Do. Do. MANILA PORT OF ENTRY, LUZÓN. The following coastwise ports are in addition to the list printed on page 108: Name of port. Province. Island. Name of port. Province. Island. Masbate .... Mindoro.... Masbate....... Masbate ..... Pinamalayan.. Pitogo.. Tayabas ..... Canaon.... Catanauan.... Luzón. Lagonoy...... Ambos Camarines. Luzon. San Jacinto... Masbate... Ticao. Santa María ..) Ilocos Sur ... Luzón. Zambales .... Zambales.. Do. Tayabas.. Tayabas.. Do. Luzón. ZAMBOANGA PORT OF ENTRY, MINDANAO The following coastwise ports are in addition to the list printed on page 108: Name of port. Province. Island. Jasaan. Lapinig ..... Mambajao (Camiguin Island) Misamis Misamis Mindanao. Do. Do. TYPHOON SIGNALS. These warnings to commerce are displayed from the office of the captain of the port; day signals are shown from the pole near the wall and night signals from the three poles in the corral. CORRECT TIME. Time ball is dropped from the Observatory Ermita at noon Phil- ippine standard time one hundred and twenty-first meridian east longi- tude. A gun is also fired at Fort Santiago. HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. During the year 1902 the channel into the Pasig Riv. and as far as the Bridge of Spain will be dredged to a depth of 18 ft., which depth 200 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. it is proposed to maintain. The outer harbor will be materiaily changed by dredging operations during 1902 and the sea wall will be extended. COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS TO APRIL, 1902. IMPORTS AND DOMESTIC EXPORTS, BY CUSTOMS DISTRICTS. Domestic exports ten months ending April- Customs districts. Imports ten months ending April- 1901 1902 1901 1902 $1 1,014, 430 $1,887, 118 60 1,662, 893 2,844, 359 241, 583 2 1,618 13, 9362 , 264 $946, 699 103, 251 $2, 144, 800 169, 374 5,485 31, 377 454 3, 262 1,380 Baltimore, MD ....... Boston and Charlestown, Mass. Newport News, Va. New York, N.Y.. Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va.. Philadelphia.. Hawaii................ Humboldt, Cal.... Oregon, Oreg...... Puget Sound, Wash San Diego, Cal San Francisco, Cal.. Willamette, Oreg.. Buffalo Creek, N. Y.. Miami, Ohio.... North and South Dakota. Oswegatchie, N. Y. Vermont, Vt.. Cincinnati, Ohio... St. Louis, Mo 454, 663 140, 071 412, 800 333, 242 3, 917 1,273, 215 24, 375 787, 448 29, 472 647, 035 1, 377 750, 307 503, 532 243, 032 2, 302 201 76, 998 1,521 36 138) 20 Total......... 3,530, 895 5,506, 898 3,409, 995 14,332, 260 IMPORTS FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, BY ARTICLES. Ten months ending April- Articles. 1901. 1902. Quantities. Values. Quantities. Values. FREE OF DUTY. 19, 603 29. 608 $2,310 5,224, 056 Articles the growth, etc., of the United States re- turned ... Fibers, unmanufactured, manila.. .tons.. Fruits, including nuts ...... Household and personal effects, etc Shells, unmanufactured... All other free articles ....... $4,751 3,379,046 4, 858 611 3,703 1,417 806 32, 198 5, 260, 787 Total free of duty 3, 392, 969 SUBJECT TO DUTY. 262 985 599 4,741 206 744 321 42, 317 Bones and horns, manufactures of .... Earthen, stone, and china ware, decorated....... Fibers, manufactures of...... Hats, bonnets, and hoods, composed of straw, etc... Metals, metal compositions, and manufactures of, n.e.s..... Oils, vegetable, volatile .. Silk, manufactured of..... Sugar, cane, not above No. 16. Tobacco, cigars, etc.. Wood, manufactures of.. All other dutiable articles 4,693, 333 24, 749 488 2,380 1,911 103, 857 14, 390 1,086 7,227 11.424.000 5,021 1,250 603 2,649 188, 159 6,585 1,044 2, 233 137, 926 3,530, 895 Total subject to duty. Total imports of merchandise ....... Brought in American vessels. Brought in foreign vessels ... Brought in cars and other land vehicles. 246, 111 5,506, 898 57, 274 5,411, 063 38,561 119,574 3,407,882 3, 439 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 201 DOMESTIC EXPORTS TO THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, BY ARTICLES. Ten months ending April- Articles. 1901. 1902. Quantities. Quantities. Values. $12, 791 2, 753 Agricultural implements ........ Animals-horses and mules. mures ................number.. Books, maps, engravings, etchings, etc........ Breadstuffs..... Cars, carriages, other vehicles, and parts of. Chemicals, drugs, dyes, and medicines... Clocks and watches. $2,819 232, 660 30, 167 558, 954 169, 402 30, 533 12, 311 103, 251 5, 552 94, 860 416, 396 83, 299 47, 332 44,793 169, 474 1,534 Coal .... 749 Copper and manufactures of... ifa Cotton, manufactures of: Cloths, colored ... Cloths, uncolored ... All other.... ...... yards.. .........do.... 567,284 312, 972 28, 299 23,483 9,978 2. 103, 089 208, 080 98,248 18, 208 65, 022 Total.......... 61,760 181, 478 Fish....... Fruits and nuts....... Furniture of metal Glass and glassware .. .............. tons.. India rubber, manufactures of..... Instruments and apparatus for scientific purposes 4,810 14,828 5, 276 6,403 256, 627 10, 284 28, 374 60, 814 24,818 2, 444 22, 601 358,816 41, 617 47, 799 Hay ........... 13, 454 19, 134 ..natures of.... 376, 863 1, 193, 453 22, 230 72,265 5,026 Iron and steel, and manufactures of: Sheets and plates........ .... pounds.. Builders' hardware, saws, and tools. ... Cutlery ....... Machinery, machines, and parts of - Electrical ....... Metal working............. Steam engines, and parts of......... Typewriting machines, and parts of.. All other ..... Pipes and fittings ..... Scales and balances ... All other manufactures... 6,556 22, 077 8, 234 45, 412 11, 656 10,832 87,753 37,878 5,789 123, 254 22, 775 27,788 2, 473 23,037 74, 456 315, 259 53, 082 11, 603 170, 608 Total................ 382, 216 777,827 11, 341 5,456 15, 196 9,744 13,981 34, 196 96, 815 10, 162 12, 850 13,525 Lamps, chandeliers, etc...... Lead, and manufactures of .. Leather, and manufactures of ..... Malt... .... bushels.. Malt liquors: In bottles........ .dozen quarts.. In other coverings .......gallons.. Oilcloths....... Oils-mineral, refined. .........gallons.. Paints, pigments, and colors..... Paper, and manufactures of ......... 550, 525 649, 540 243, 542 14,754 247, 843 10, 231 119, 413 6, 628 46,752 1,691, 810 361, 061 5,067 24, 272 153, 914 16,154 216,506 Provisions, comprising meat and dairy products: Beef products... Hog products .... All other meat products Dairy products. 3,859 12,350 6,286 18, 243 40,738 37, 716 42,937 6,999 23, 803 111, 455 Total.. .....proof gallons.. 129, 002 96, 703 Spirits, distilled. Soaps .............. Toys ........ Varnish 242,569 | 10, 169 11, 206 5,584 142, 327 10,592 17, 704 5,76C .........gallons.. 4,949 5,6421 Vegetables: Onions Potatoes. All other. .bushels.. do.... 43,854 208, 777 36, 070 131, 403 17, 789 1,105 22, 810 1,500 19, 376 27,389 Total.. 185, 262 48.265 wine bottles.vering In bottles....... In other coverings ....dozen quarts.. ........gallons.. 2, 358 18, 846 9,947 7,985 4, 124 18,034 12, 392 10, 088 ****22,480 Total...... 17,932 .. 202 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. DOMESTIC EXPORTS TO THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, BY ARTICLES-Continued. Ten months ending April- Articles. 1901. 1902. Quantities. Values. Quantities. Values. $37, 800 68,207 $399, 196 253, 660 Wood, and manufactures of .... All other articles ... Total domestic exports .... Carried in American vessels.... Carried in foreign vessels. ...... Carried in cars, etc .......... 3,409, 995 4,332, 260 357,519 2, 800, 992 251, 484 112, 877 364, 728 3,854, 655 Staple exports from the Philippine Islands from January 1 to December 31, 1899. Articles. Quantity. Value. Hemp ...... Sugar...... Copra... ...tons.. ...... pounds. 69, 048 189, 215, 450 33, 848, 610 $7,993, 574 3,458, 370 726, 653 Tobacco: Unmanufactured, leaf... Cigars.... Cigarettes... All other........... Total tobacco ...... 776, 841 945, 699 1. 003 207, 710 1,931, 253 Statement of hemp exported from the Philipine Islands during the calendar years 1900 and 1901. 1900. 1901. Countries. Quantity. | Value. Quantity. Value. Tons. 20, 304 46, 419 $2,796, 668 7, 102, 711 14,500 116, 254 Tons. 30, 336 82,190 182 168 81 United States.. United Kingdom Germany. France......... Spain... Italy ... China........ Hongkong Japan........ British East Indies.. Dutch East Indies Egypt....... Canada .. Australasia ... Total.... 109 544 734 12, 823 1,157 1,592 $4, 157, 313 10, 359, 983 25, 121" 18, 400 17, 040 25 8, 228 832, 577 217, 722 126, 864 149 106, 991 1,882,593 215, 932 229, 613 6,691 1, 782 913 ... 3, 106 19 2,631 89, 438 412, 830 3,450 408, 858 1, 868 124, 257 2 13, 218 15, 976, 640 13, 290, 400 Statement of raw sugar exported from the Philippine Islands during the calendar years of 1900 and 1901. 1900. 1901. Countries. Quantity. 1 Value. 1 Quantity. | Value. $93, 472 237, 125 Pounds. 11,521, 215 $293, 354 51 United States ... United Kingdom. Spain. China ... Hongkong. Japan... Egypt. Pounds. 4, 747, 555 19, 571, 701 4,479,750 79, 427,993 29, 281, 281 6,211, 691 76,013 1,311, 308 551, 376 127,850 52, 646,384 61, 213, 719 1,000 775 1,254, 967 Total 143, 719, 971 2,397, 144 125, 381, 318 2,549, 147 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 203 Statement of tobacco exported from the Philippine Islands for the calendar years 1900 and 1901. 1900. 1901. Class. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Pounds. a 7, 464, 016 b 7, 423,982 7,140,548 Unmanufactured: Leaf ... Suitable for wrappers. All other... Manufactured: Cigars.. Cigarettes...... All other...... $395,168 354, 201 284,531 Pounds. 2,322, 324 15,069, 271 $251, 709 496, 776 1, 158, 417 5,952 62,963 2, 261, 232 1, 832, 449 12,562 58,445 Total.... 2, 631, 941 * Six months, January to June, 1900, inclusive. • Six months ending December, 1900. Statement of copra exported from the Philippine Islands during the calendar years 1900 and 1901. Countries. 1900. 1901. Countries. 1900. • 1901. United States....... United Kingdom. Germany. France. Spain... Italy... Austria-Hungary Russia $4, 450 103, 950 480 2, 364, 736 471, 494 China ... $36, 888 | Hongk Hongkong........ 4, 882 Japan ..... 1, 118, 576 British East Indies 340, 452 || Egypt .... 7, 200 || Australasia .. 3,751 Total $13, 263 5,574 50 91, 023 45, 696 $184 537 45,000 54,344 24 81,765. 3,182, 481 1,611, 838 Statement of the imports into and exports from the Philippine Islands for the calendar years ended December 31, 1899, 1900, and 1901, and the custom duties collected on merchandise from date of American occupation to December 31, 1901. Imports. Duty. Exports. Duty. $167, 682 Part of calendar year, a August 22, 1898, to December 31, 1898....... For the calendar year ended December 31, 1899...... December 31, 1900... December 31, 1901.... $5,901, 813 19, 192, 986 24,863, 779 30, 162, 471 80, 121, 049 $777, 904 $5,710, 406 3,869, 078 14,846,582 7,009, 485 | 22, 990, 373 7, 343, 743 24, 503, 353 542, 602 691, 194 820, 723 Total....... 19,000, 210 | 68,050,714 2,222, 201 Grand total, imports and exports, $148,171,763; duties, $21,222,411. * Manila, August 22, 1898, general opening of other ports beginning January 1, 1899. Imports and exports of merchandise into and from the United States from and to the Philippine Islands, from 1892 to 1902, year ending June 30. Year. Imports. Exports. 1892 1893 1894.. 1895.. 1896... 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 a $6, 308, 653 9, 159, 857 7,008, 342 4,731, 366 4,982, 857 4,383, 740 3,830, 415 4,409, 774 5,971, 208 4, 420,912 6, 612, 700 $60,914 154, 378 145, 466 119, 256 162, 446 94, 597 127,804 404, 193 2, 640, 449 4,027.064 5,254, 669 a Preliminary figures subject to revision. 204 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ORGANIZATION OF THE CIVIL GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, U. S. A. January 1, 1902. [Showing distribution of coordinate powers, arrangement of administrative departments and bureaus. provincial service, and courts of justice and justices of the peace, and title of chief officer respectively.] LEGISLATIVE. UNITED STATES PHILIPPINE COMMISSION, President; Members, 4 Americans, 3 Filipinos. EXECUTIVE. Civil governor; vice civil governor. EXECUTIVE BUREAU. Executive secretary. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR: Office of the secretary, Secretary of the interior. Board of health of the Philippines, President commissioner of health. Bureau of health, Commissioner of public health, Quarantine service of the Marine-Hospital Corps. Surgeon United States Marine-Hospital Service, chief quarantine officer. Bureau of forestry, Chief of bureau. Bureau of mining, Chief. Bureau of agriculture, Superintendent of government farm, San Ramón, Mindanao. Weather bureau, Director. Bureau of nonchristian tribes, Chief. Bureau of public lands, Bur Chie publie Bureau of government laboratories, Superintendent. Bureau of patents, copyrights, and trade-marks. Chief of the bureau of forestry in charge. Philippine civil hospital, Attending physicians and surgeons. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND POLICE: Office of the secretary, Secretary of commerce and police. Bureau of post-offices, Director-general of posts. Bureau of coast and geodetic survey, Officer in charge. Civil supply store, Chief clerk. Bureau of Philippine constabulary, Chief. Bureau of prisons, Warden. Bureau of coast guard and transportation and office of the captain of the port of Manila, Chief of bureau and captain of port. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 205 DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE AND JUSTICE: Office of the secretary, Secretary of finance and justice. Bureau of insular treasury, Treasurer. Bureau of the insular auditor, Auditor. Bureau of customs and immigration, Manila, collector of customs for the Philippine Archipelago; Cebú, Iloílo, Joló (Sulu), Zamboanga, collector each; Siasi, deputy coilector. Bureau of the cold storage and ice plant, Superintendent. Bureau of justice, Attorney-general. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION: Office of the secretary, Secretary of public instruction. Bureau of public instruction, Office of the general superintendent. Bureau of statistics, Clerk. Bureau of archives, Chief. Bureau of public printing, Chief. Bureau of architecture and construction, Chief. INDEPENDENT BUREAUS: Bureau of the insular purchasing agent, Insular purchasing agent. Philippine civil service board, Three members. Improvement of the Port of Manila, Officer in charge. PROVINCIAL SERVICE. The official personnel of each province, except where otherwise stated, consists of a governor, secretary, treasurer, and fiscal. Province of Abra, also delegate. Province of Albay, also inspector. Province of Ambos Camarines, also supervisor and delegate. Province of Antique, also supervisor. Province of Bataan, also supervisor and delegate. Province of Batangas, also inspector and 4 delegates. Province of Benguet, also governor, secretary, and supervisor. Province of Bohol, also delegate. Province of Bulacán, also supervisor and delegate. Province of Cagayán, also supervisor. Province of Cápiz, deputy governor, also supervisor and deputy, treasurer and deputy, and 4 delegates. Province of Cavite, also supervisor and 6 delegates. Province of Cebú, governor, secretary, and supervisor. Province of Iloilo, also supervisor - Province of Ilocos Norte, also supervisor. Province of Ilocos Sur, also supervisor. Province of Isabela, also supervisor. Province of Leyte, also supervisor and 3 delegates. Province of Marinduque, also supervisor. Province of Masbate, also supervisor. Province of Misamis, also supervisor. Province of Negros Occidental, also supervisor and 5 delegates. Province of Negros Oriental, also supervisor and 3 delegates. Province of Nueva Ecija, also supervisor and 4 delegates. Province of Pampanga, also supervisor and 3 delegates. Province of Pangasinan, also supervisor. Province of Rizal, also supervisor and 6 delegates. Province of Romblon, also supervisor and collector. 206 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Province of Sorsogón, also supervisor and 6 delegates. Province of Surigao, also supervisor and 3 delegates. Province of Tarlac, also supervisor and 1 delegate. Province of Tayabas, also supervisor and 3 delegates. Province of Unión, also supervisor and 2 delegates. Province of Zambales, also supervisor and 1 delegate. MUNICIPAL SERVICE OF MANILA: Municipal board, Three members. Office of the disbursing officer, Disbursing officer. Office of the city assessor and collector, City assessor and collector. Department of engineering and public works, City engineer of Manila. Department of engineering and public construction, Office of the superintendent of water supply and sewerage. Office of superintendent of buildings and illuminations, Office of printendentient of st Office of superintendent of streets, parks, bridges, docks, and wharves, Superintendent. Department of fires and building inspection, Chief. Office of the superintendent of city schools, Superintendent. Department of police, Chief. Office of the chief of police, chief clerk. Office of the sheriff, Sheriff. Office of the city attorney, City attorney. Prosecuting attorney. MUNICIPAL COURTS: District north of Pasig, judge. Justice of the peace courts, Two justices of the peace. JUDICIAL. THE SUPREME COURT OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: One justice, six associate justices. COURTS OF THE FIRST INSTANCE: Judicial district of Manila, Luzón, judge. First district (provinces of Ilocos Norte, Cagayán, Isabela, and Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón), judge. Second district (provinces of Ilocos Sur, Abra, Bontoc, and Lepanto, Luzón), judge. Third district (provinces of Unión, Benguet, Zambales, and Pangasinan, Luzon), judge. Fourth district (provinces of Tárlac, Pampanga, and Nueva Ecija, Luzón), judge. Fifth district (provinces of Bulacán, Bataan, and Rizal, Luzón), judge. Sixth district (provinces of Laguna, Cavite, Príncipe, Tayabas, Infanta, Luzón, and the island of Polillo), judge. Seventh district (provinces of Batangas, Luzón; Marinduque, and Mindoro), judge. Eighth district (provinces of Sorsogón, Albay, Ambos Camarines, Luzon; Mas- bate, and the island of Catanduanes, Visayas), judge. Ninth district (provinces of Romblon and Cápiz, and Iloílo, Panay) Visayas, judge. Tenth district (provinces of Antique, Panay; Negros Occidental, and Negros Oriental, Visayas), judge. Eleventh district (provinces of Cebú and Bohol, Visayas), judge. Twelfth district (provinces of Sámar and Leyte, Visayas and Surigao, Mindanao), judge. Thirteenth district (provinces of Misamis, Mindanao, the island of Basilan, and the districts of the island of Mindanao known as Zamboanga, Cotabato, and Dávao, and the comandancia of Dapitan). Fourteenth district (the island of Paragua (Palawan), with its contiguous small islands, the Tawi Tawi and the Joló (Sulu) groups of the Sulu Archipelago, the Calamianes group, and the Cuyos group). GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 207 Justices of the peace and auxiliary justices of the peace. Province. Pueblos. Justices. Auxil- iaries. Island. 26 Luzón. Do. Do. Panay. Mindanao. Luzón. Do. Do. Do. Abra ...... Albay ...... Ambos Camarines Antique. Basilan .. Bataan.. Batangas. Bulacan Cagayan.. Cápiz. Cavite Cebú....... Cuyos..... Dapitan... Dávao. Ilocos Sur Iloilo Isabela....... Joló (Sulu).. 46 32 Panay. Luzón. Cebú. Cuyos Islands, Mindanao. Do. Luzon. Panay. Luzón. Sulu Archipel- ago. Luzon. Leyte. Marinduque. Masbate. Mindanao. Luzón. Negros. Do. Luzon. Do. Palawan. Luzón. Romblon. Mindanao. Luzón. Laguna ....... Leyte....... Marinduque... Masbate..... Misamis.. Nueva Ecija ..... Negros Occidental. Negros Oriental... Pampanga ... Pangasinan.. Paragua (Palawan).. Rizal...... Romblon. Surigao.. Sorsogon... Tárlac. Tayabas. Zambales ... Zamboanga. 14 30 11 10 Do. Do. Do. 1 | Mindanao. STATIONS OF UNITED STATES TROOPS IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. [From the latest cable return received at the office of the Adjutant-General, U. S. A. pages 141 to 146.] Also see • Number of stations occupied May 10, 1902, 253, as follows: Island. Province. Stations. Force. Luzon .. Albay .... inos (see Cama- 2 3 troops. Ambos Camarines (see Cama- rines). Bataan.. Batangas ...... Bulacan ....... Cagayán..... Camarines (Ambos)... Cavite... Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur Laguna... Isabela ,. Nueva Ecija Pampanga .. Pangasinan Príncipe Rizal....... 11 11 company. 9 troops, 5 companies. 2 companies. 46 companies. 2 troops, 6 companies. Do. 7 12 troops. 25 12 troops, 9 companies. 8 6 companies. 4 companies. 3 troops. 14 1 troop, 11 companies. 1 company. 18 6 artillery, 2 engineers, 2 signal, 10 troops, 20 companies. 5 4 companies. 41 Do. 7 troops, 10 companies, 4 companies. Sorsogon Tárlac.. Tayabas.. Zambales.. Total... 156 208 GAZETTE ER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Island. Province. Stations. Force 11 company. 1 Do. Cebu . Detachment. 11 engineer, 1 signal, 5 companies. 75 companies. 3 3 companies. 2 companies. 01 ſi artillery, 1 engineer, 6 troops, 22 companies. Bohol........ Bohol Busuanga .. Capul. Cebú. Joló (see Sulu Ar- chipelago). Leyte....... Leyte....... Marinduque.... Marinduque... Masbate .. Masbate.. Mindanao. Misamis and Surigao, civil Basilan..... Cotabato ... Dapitan ............ Dávao............ Lanao ............ Zamboanga Mindoro. Negros.... Negros Oriental. Negros Occidental. Panay ... Antique ... Cápiz...... Iloilo ....... Paragua (Palawan) ..... Romblon... . Romblon. Sámar... Sámar.. Sulu Archipelago: Joló (Sulu).. Siasi. Tawi Tawi 6 6 companies. 3 2 companies. 6 4 troops, 4 companies. 21 company. 1 Do. 4 troops, 31 companies. 1 troop, 2 companies. 1 company. Do. Total ....... a 97 * Sixth, Ninth, Nineteenth Infantry not included; assembling at Manila for shipment to United States of America. RECAPITULATION. Luzón. United States military stations ...... 156 Marinduque, Visayan Islands, Mindanao, Mindoro, and Palawan.. 97 Total.. ........ 253 No troops stationed in provinces of Bontoc, Infanta, Lepanto, Nueva Vizcaya, or Príncipe, Luzón. FILIPINO MUSIC. National, patriotic, and typical airs of all lands by John Philip Sousa, Director United States Marine Band, by authority of the Secretary of the Navy. ANG (THE) PANDANGUBAN. Introduction. Con brio. From the Spanish Fan- dango. ANG BAYUHAN, Calmatto. Tune sung while hulling rice. PALIMÓS. Tune sung by beggars when asking alms. CUNDIMAN. Love song. AUIT. Narrative story in music. CUMINTANG. « Love song, but more pathetic than the Cundiman. VIRGOIRE. BALINTA. PASIÓN. Musical rendition of the gospel in Tagalog language. TAGUELAYLAY. A more elaborate and pathetic variation of the Pasión. DALIT. A still more pathetic rendition of the Pasión. ZAPATEADO. Spanish dance. BANTAYANUM. JELE-JELE. Cradle song or lullaby. HOLONA. BALITAO. A native danza with gay, spirited music. CABEQUINGAN. A PARUPARUHAN. a TALINDAO. * The second Ang Bayuhan and third airs Ang Palimós of this collec- tion are the favorites. The words are usually in Tagalog and vary according to the circumstances under which the songs are sung, have not been printed in words, but are preserved in music in the originals and in this collection. a These represent the typical airs of other races and islands of the archipelago. NORTH END OF THE LUNETA, MANILA, LUZON. Taken in 1898. Completely remodeled in 1901. CALLE DE MALACAÑANG, DISTRICT OF SAN MIGUEL, MANILA, LUZÓN. On the right is the entrance to the summer palace of Malacañang, former residence of Spanish military governor, now residence of the civil governor of the Philippine Islands. TRIM FORMER HEADQUARTERS SECOND DIVISION EIGHTH ARMY CORPS, SAN MIGUEL DISTRICT, MANILA, LUZÓN. CALLE GENERAL SOLANO, MANILA, LUZON. The most fashionable avenue of Manila City. OFFICERS' QUARTERS AND DRIVEWAY, NEAR MALATE, MANILA, LUZÓN. UPPER END OF MALECÓN DRIVE, MANILA, LUZÓN. LOWER END OF MALECÓN DRIVE, MANILA. LUZÓN. IT M IT PARQUE DE BOMBEROS OR FIRE ENGINE HOUSE, IN ALCALÁ STREET, DISTRICT OF SANTA CRUZ. MANILA, LUZÓN. The building belongs to Santa Cruz and was formerly the office of the deputy mayor of the township. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 209 These tunes are accompanied by the harp or guitar which are native modifications of western instruments. Those used in music not accom- panied by the voice are made of bamboo or tin representing reed or brass instruments of western orchestras and are remarkably accurate considering their rude mechanism. There are excellent native bands equipped with modern western instruments. EARTHQUAKES IN THE PHILIPPINES. (Also see Volcanoes, pages 9, 10.) The investigation of the phenomena of earthquakes and data in possession of the observatory of Manila relating to the Philippine Archipelago, shows the distribution of seismic areas as follows Very rare.--Negros, Cebú, and Bohol and adjacent islands, Visayas. Rare. - Eastern Cagayán, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Infanta, Polillo, Luzón; Sámar, southern Masbate, Sibuyán, Tablas, and adjacent islands, Biliran, Leyte, Panay, Panaón, Visayas; Dinagat. Siargao, and adjacent islands, Mindanao. Somewhat frequent. - Western Cagayán, Abra, Bontoc, Ilocos Sur, Lepanto, Benguet, Unión, Pangasinan, western Nueva Ecija, eastern Tárlac, central Bulacán, eastern Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Catan- duanes, Luzón; Marinduque; Mindoro; northern Masbate, Visayas; Zamboanga, Dapitan, and Basilan, Mindanao. Frequent.--Extreme western Cagayán, northern Abra, northern Ilocos Sur, southwestern Isabela, western Nueva Vizcaya and northern Nueva Ecija, Zambales, northeastern shore of Manila bay and Laguna de Bay, western Rizal, Laguna, and Batangas, Verde Passage, central Ambos Camarines (Norte), southern Sorsogón, Luzón; Burias, Ticao, Visayas; Misamis, central Surigao, southern Cotabato, Dávao, Min- danao. Very frequent.— Ilocos Norte, southern Zambales, Bataán, Cavite, western Laguna, Batangas, eastern Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur; Tayabas, Albay, northern Sorsogón, Luzón; eastern Suriago, both sides of the boundary between Surigao, Misamis, Dávao, and Cotabato, including the volcano of Apo, and extending along the west- ern shore of Dávao Bay to point Sarangani, the extreme southern point of Dávao between Sarangani Bay and the Pacific coast on the east in Mindanao.. - No data is given concerning the Sulu Archipelago and the chain of islands between Mindoro and Borneo, including Busuanga, Calamianes, Linapucan, Palawan, Balábac, and adjacent islands. S. Doc. 280— 14* THE LAW OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. FIFTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, 1902. Senate Committee on the Philippines.--Henry Cabot Lodge (chairman), of Massachu- setts; William B. Allison, of Iowa; Eugene Hale, of Maine; Redfield Proctor, of Vermont; Albert J. Beveridge, of Indiana; Julius C. Burrows, of Michigan; Louis E. McComas, of Maryland, Charles H. Dietrich, of Nebraska; Joseph L. Rawlins, of Utah; Charles A. Culberson, of Texas; Fred T. Dubois, of Idaho; Edward W. Carmack, of Tennessee; Thomas M. Patterson, of Colorado. House Committee on Insular Affairs.-Henry A. Cooper (chairman), of Wisconsin; Joseph G. Cannon, of Illinois; Robert R. Hitt, of Illinois; Sereno E. Payne, of New York; William P. Hepburn, of Iowa; Eugene F. Loud, of California; James A. Tawney, of Minnesota; Edgar D. Cruinpacker, of Indiana; Edward L. Hamilton, of Michigan; Joseph C. Sibley, of Pennsylvania; Marlin E. Olmsted, of Pennsylvania; William A. Jones, of Virginia; John W. Maddox, of Georgia; James R. Williams, of Illinois; Robert L. Henry, of Texas; John S. Williams, of Mississippi; Malcolm R. Patterson, of Tennessee. On January 7, 1902, Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts, introduced in the Senate a bill (S. 2295) “Temporarily to provide for the administration of the affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes," which was referred to the Committee on the Philip- pines. On the same date Mr. Cooper, of Wisconsin, introduced in the House of Representatives a bill for like purposes, which was referred to the Committee on Insular Affairs. March 31, the Senate bill, with amendments, was reported by Mr. Lodge, who submitted a report on behalf of the majority. On June 2 the bill was ordered to be printed as amended in Committee of the Whole, and it passed the Senate on June 3. June 4, the bill as it passed the Senate was received in the House of Representatives, and was referred to the Committee on Insular Affairs. June 14, the Senate bill was reported from the Committee on Insular Affairs with all after the enacting clause stricken out, and the House bill (H. R. 13445), as an amendment in the nature of a substitute therefor, which, with a report by Mr. Cooper, was ordered to be printed. On June 26 the House bill, as a substitute for the Senate bill, passed the House of Representatives. The action of each House of Congress, in passing a distinctive bill for the government of the Philippine Islands, was submitted to a con- ference committee, representing the Senate and House of Represent- atives. On June 30 Mr. Lodge presented an agreement of the conference committee, the Senate receded from its disagreement to the amendment of the House (the House substitute bill), and agreed to the same with an amendment. Mr. Cooper presented the agree- ment of the conference committee to the House, which agreed to the same. The conference committee report was concurred in by both Houses of Congress, and the bill was approved by the President July 1, 1902. 211 212 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. July 1, 1902. CHAP. 1369.-An Act Temporarily to provide for the administra- [Public, No. 235.] tion of the affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, Philippine Is-That the action of the President of the United States in lands. "Temporary civ-creating the Philippine Commission and authorizing said il governmentes- Commission to exercise the powers of government to the tablished in, rat- ified. extent and in the manner and form and subject to the reg- ulation and control set forth in the instructions of the President to the Philippine Commission, dated April sev- enth, nineteen hundred, and in creating the offices of civil governor and vice-governor of the Philippine Islands, and authorizing said civil governor and vice-governor to exer- cise the powers of government to the extent and in the manner and form set forth in the Executive order dated June twenty-first, nineteen hundred and one, and in estab- lishing four executive departments of government in said Islands as set forth in the Act of the Philippine Commis- sion, entitled "An Act providing an organization for the departments of the interior, of commerce and police, of finance and justice, and of public instruction," enacted September sixth, nineteen hundred and one, is here approved, ratified, and confirmed, and until otherwise pro- vided by law the said Islands shall continue to be governed as thereby and herein provided, and all laws passed here- after by the Philippine Commission shall have an enacting clause as follows: "By authority of the United States be Constitution it enacted by the Philippine Commission.” The provi- and laws of the sions of section eighteen hundred and ninety-one of the United States not Revised Statutes of eighteen hundred and seventy-eight R.S., sec. 1891, p. 333. 1994, shall not apply to the Philippine Islands. Future civil Future appointments of civil governor, vice-governor, appointments in. members of said Commission and heads of executive de- partments shall be made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Tariff dues and SEC. 2. That the action of the President of the United States heretofore taken by virtue of the authority vested in him as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, as set forth in his order of July twelfth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, whereby a tariff of duties and taxes as set forth by said order was to be levied and collected at all ports and places in the Philippine Islands upon passing into the occupation and possession of the forces of the United States, together with the subsequent amendments of said order, are hereby approved, ratified, and con- firmed, and the actions of the authorities of the govern- ment of the Philippine Islands, taken in accordance with the provisions of said order and subsequent amendments, Proviso. are hereby approved: Provided, That nothing contained Revenue law in this section shall be held to amend or repeal an Act en- not affected. titled “An Act temporarily to provide revenue for the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes,” approved March eighth, nineteen hundred and two. taxes. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 213 intercourse dur- SEC. 3. That the President of the United States, during commercial such time as and whenever the sovereignty and authority ingi of the United States encounter armed resistance in the Philippine Islands, until otherwise provided by Congress, shall continue to regulate and control commercial inter- course with and within said Islands by such general rules and regulations as he, in his discretion, may deem most conducive to the public interests and the general welfare. SEC. 4. That all inhabitants of the Philippine Islands, Philippine cit- izenship. continuing to reside therein who were Spanish subjects on the eleventh day of April, eighteen hundred and ninety- nine, and then resided in said Islands, and their children born subsequent thereto, shall be deemed and held to be citizens of the Philippine Islands and as such entitled to the protection of the United States, except such as sball have elected to preserve their allegiance to the Crown of Spain in accordance with the provisions of the treaty of peace between the United States and Spain signed at Paris December tenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. SEC. 5. That no law shall be enacted in said islands Declaration of which shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or prop-Protection to erty without due process of law, or deny to any person life, liberty, etc. therein the equal protection of the laws. That in all crimiral prosecutions the accused shall enjoy Criminal pros- the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to demand ecutions. the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf. That no person shall be held to answer for a criminal Trial. offense without due process of law; and no person for the same offense shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. That all persons shall before conviction be bailable by .. Bail, excep. sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses. That no law impairing the obligation of contracts shall Contracts. be enacted. That no person shall be imprisoned for debt. Imprisonment for debt. That the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall Writs of ha- not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion, insur- rection, or invasion the public safety may require it, in either of which events the same may be suspended by the Preside with the approval of the Philippine Commission, wherever during such period the necessity for such suspension shall exist. That no ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be Ex post facto enacted. That no law granting a title of nobility shall be enacted, Title of nobil- 3 ity, etc. and no person holding any office of profit or trust in said islands, shall, without the consent of the Congress of the United States, accept any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever from any king, queen, prince, or foreign State. beas corpus. laws, etc. 214 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. etc. speech. dom. tions. rants. taxes. Excessive pail, That excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. Seizures, etc. That the right to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated. Slavery. That neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist in said islands. Freedom of That no law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people peace- ably to assemble and petition the Government for redress of grievances. Religious free- That no law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, and that the free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. Appropria- That no money shall be paid out of the treasury except in pursuance of an appropriation by law. Taxation. That the rule of taxation in said islands shall be uniform. That no private or local bill which may be enacted into law shall embrace more than one subject, and that subject shall be expressed in the title of the bill. That no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, sup- ported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the person or things to be seized. That all money collected on any tax levied or assessed for a special purpose shall be treated as a special fund in the treasury and paid out for such purpose only. Census to be SEC. 6. That whenever the existing insurrection in the Philippine Islands shall have ceased and a condition of general and complete peace shall have been established therein and the fact shall be certified to the President by the Philippine Commission, the President, upon being satisfied thereof, shall order a census of the Philippine Islands to be taken by said Philippine Commission; such census in its inquiries relating to the population shall take and make so far as practicable full report for all the inhabitants, of name, age, sex, race, or tribe, whether native or foreign born, literacy in Spanish, native dialect or language, or in English, school attendance, ownership of homes, industrial and social statistics, and such other information separately for each island, each province, and municipality, or other civil division, as the President and said Commission may deem necessary: Provided, That Aid of Census Bureau. the President may, upon the request of said Commission, in his discretion, employ the service of the Census Bureau in compiling and promulgating the statistical information above provided for, and may commit to such Bureau any part or portion of such labor as to him may seem wise. General elec- Sec. 7. That two years after the completion and publi- tion, eic. Moros and cation of the census, in case such condition of general and non-Christian complete peace with recognition of the authority of the tribes excluded. United States shall have continued in the territory of said taken. Proviso. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 215 1 assembly estab- Minimum rep- Islands not inhabited by Moros or other non-Christian tribes and such facts shall have been certified to the President by the Philippine Commission, the President upon being satisfied thereof shall direct said Commission to call, and the Commission shall call, a general election for the choice of delegates to a popular assembly of the people of said territory in the Philippine Islands, which shall be known as the Philippine assembly. After said assembly shall have convened and organized, Legislative all the legislative power heretofore conferred on the lished Philippine Commission in all that part of said Islands not inhabited by Moros or other non-Christian tribes shall be vested in a legislature consisting of two houses—The Philippine Commission and the Philippine assembly. Said assembly shall consist of not less than fifty nor more than one hundred members to be apportioned by said Com- mission among the provinces as nearly as practicable according to population: Provided, That no province shall Provisos. have less than one member: And provided further, That resentation, provinces entitled by population to more than one mem-triete. Election dis- ber may be divided into such convenient districts as the said Commission may deem best. Public notice of such division shall be given at least Public notice. ninety days prior to such election, and the election shall be held under rules and regulations to be prescribed by law. The qualification of electors in such election shall Qualification of electors. be the same as is now provided by law in case of electors in municipal elections. The members of assembly shall Terms of office. hold office for two years from the first day of January next following their election, and their successors shall be chosen by the people every second year thereafter. No person shall be eligible to such election who is not a qual- Eligibility. ified elector of the election district in which he may be chosen, owing allegiance to the United States, and twenty- five years of age. The legislature shall hold annual sessions, commencing Annual ses- on the first Monday of February in each year and continuing not exceeding ninety days thereafter (Sundays and holi- days not included): Provided, That the first meeting of the Provisos. legislature shall be held upon the call of the governor within First meeting. ninety days after the first election: And provided further, Provision for That if at the termination of any session the appropria-government ex- tions necessary for the support of government shall not have been made, an amount equal to the sums appropri- ated in the last appropriation bills for such purposes shall be deemed to be appropriated; and until the legislature shall act in such behalf the treasurer may, with the advice of the governor, make the payments necessary for the pur- poses aforesaid. The legislature may be called in special session at any time Special ses- by the civil governor for general legislation, or for action on such specific subjects as he may designate. No special session shall continue longer than thirty days, exclusive of Sundays. sions. penses. sions. 216 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. United States." Proviso. Powers and The assembly shall be the judge of the elections, returns, duties. and qualifications of its members. A majority shall con- stitute a quorum to do business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members. It shall choose its speaker and other officers, and the salaries of its members and officers shall be fixed by law. It may determine the rule of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and with the concurrence of two-thirds expel a member. It shall keep a journal of its proceedings, which shall be published, and the yeas and nays of the members on any question shall, on the demand of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Resident com. Sec. 8. That at the same time with the first meeting of missioners to the the Philippine legislature, and biennially thereafter, there shall be chosen by said legislature, each house voting separately, two resident commissioners to the United States, who shall be entitled to an official recognition as such by all departments upon presentation to the Salaries. President of a certificate of election by the civil governor of said islands, and each of whom shall be entitled to a salary payable monthly by the United States at the rate of five thousand dollars per annum, and two thousand dollars additional to cover all expenses: Provided, That no person Eligibility. shall be eligible to such election who is not a qualified lector of said islands, owing allegiance to the United States, and who is not thirty years of age. Supreme Court, Sec. 9. That the Supreme Court and the courts of first etc. Jurisdic- instance of the Philippine Islands shall possess and exer- cise jurisdiction as heretofore provided and such additional jurisdiction as shall hereafter be prescribed by the gov- ernment of said Islands, subject to the power of said Gov- ernment to change the practice and method of procedure. Municipal The municipal courts of said Islands shall possess and exer- courts. cise jurisdiction as heretofore provided by the Philippine Commission, subject in all matters to such alteration and Appointmentof judges. amendment as may be hereafter enacted by law; and the chief justice and associate justices of the supreme court shall hereafter be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall receive the compensation heretofore prescribed by the Commission until otherwise provided by Congress. The judges of the court of first instance shall be appointed by the civil gov- ernor, by and with the advice and consent of the Philippine Proviso. Commission: Provided, That the admiralty jurisdiction of Admiralty ju-th risdiction. ju- the supreme court and courts of first instance shall not be changed except by Act of Congress. Appeal, etc., to SEC. 10. That the Supreme Court of the United States United States su- shall have iurisdiction to review, revise, reverse, modify. preme Court. or affirm the final judgments and decrees of the supreme court of the Philippine Islands in all actions, cases, causes, and proceedings now pending therein or hereafter deter- mined thereby in which the Constitution or any statute, tion. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 217 of rivers and treaty, title, right, or privilege of the United States is involved, or in causes in which the value in controversy exceeds twenty-five thousand dollars, or in which the title or possession of real estate exceeding in value the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars, to be ascertained by the oath of either party or of other competent witnesses, is involved or brought in question; and such final judgments or decrees may and can be reviewed, revised, reversed, modified, or affirmed by said Supreme Court of the United States on appeal or writ of error by the party aggrieved, in the same manner, under the same regulations, and by the same pro- ceduré, as far as applicable, as the final judgments and decrees of the circuit courts of the United States. SEC. 11. That the government of the Philippine Islands Improvements is hereby authorized to provide for the needs of commerce harbors. by improving the harbors and navigable waters of said islands and to construct and maintain in said navigable Protection to navigation, etc. waters and upon the shore adjacent thereto bonded ware- houses, wharves, piers, light-houses, signal and life-saving stations, buoys, and like instruments of commerce, and to adopt and enforce regulations in regard thereto, including bonded warehouses wherein articles not intended to be imported into said islands nor mingled with the property therein, but brought into a port of said islands for reship- ment to another country, may be deposited in bond and reshipped to another country without the payment of customs duties or charges. Sec. 12. That all the property and rights which may Transfer of have been acquired in the Philippine Islands by the United Philippine gov- property, etc., to States under the treaty of peace with Spain, signed Decem-ernment 1. Vol. 30, p. 1755. ber tenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, except such Military and land or other property as shall be designated by the Presi-other reserva- dent of the United States for military and other reserva- tions excepted. tions of the Government of the United States, are hereby placed under the control of the government of said islands to be administered for the benefit of the inhabitants thereof, except as provided in this Act. SEC. 13. That the government of the Philippine Islands, Public lands. subject to the provisions of this Act and except as herein provided, shall classify according to its agricultural char- acter and productiveness, and shall immediately make Disposal of. rules and regulations for the lease, sale, or other disposi- tion of the public lands other than timber or mineral lands, but such rules and regulations shall not go into Exception. effect or have the force of law until they have received the approval of the President and when approved by the President they shall be submitted by him to Congress at the beginning of the next ensuing session thereof and unless disapproved or amended by Congress at said session they shall at the close of such period have the force and effect of law in the Philippine Islands: Provided, That a Proviso. single homestead entry shall not exceed sixteen hectares in extent. Homesteads. 218 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. owners. patents. to settlers. Perfecting ti- SEC. 14. That the government of the Philippine Islands tles by present. lesen is hereby authorized and empowered to enact rules and regulations and to prescribe terms and conditions to enable persons to perfect their title to public lands in said Islands, who, prior to the transfer of sovereignty from Spain to the United States, had fulfilled all or some of the condi- tions required by the Spanish laws and royal decrees of the Kingdom of Spain for the acquisition of legal title Issuance of thereto yet failed to secure conveyance of title; and the Philippine Commission is authorized to issue patents, without compensation, to any native of said Islands, con- veying title to any tract of land not more than sixteen hectares in extent, which were public lands and had been actually occupied by such native or his ancestors prior to and on the thirteenth of August, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. Limit of sales SEC. 15. That the government of the Philippine Islands is hereby authorized and empowered, on such terms as it may prescribe, by general legislation, to provide for the granting or sale and conveyance to actual occupants and settlers and other citizens of said islands such parts and portions of the public domain, other than timber and min- eral lands, of the United States in said islands as it may deem wise, not exceeding sixteen hectares to any one per- son and for the sale and conveyance of not more than one thousand and twenty-four hectares to any corporation or Proviso. association of persons: Provided, That the grant or sale Occupancy, of such lands, whether the purchase price be paid at once improvement, or in partial payments, shall be conditioned upon actual and continued occupancy, improvement, and cultivation of the premises sold for a period of not less than five years, during which time the purchaser or grantee can not alienate or encumber said land or the title thereto; but such restriction shall not apply to transfers of rights and title of inheritance under the laws for the distribution of the estates of decedents. Preference to SEC. 16. That in granting or selling any part of the actual occu-public domain under the provisions of the last preceding section, preference in all cases shall be given to actual occupants and settlers; and such public lands of the United Natives. States in the actual possession or occupancy of any native of the Philippine Islands shall not be sold by said government to any other person without the consent thereto of said prior occupant or settler first had and obtained: Provided, That the prior right hereby secured to an occupant of land, who can show no other proof of title than possession, shall not apply to more than sixteen hectares in any one tract. Protection of SEC. 17. That timber, trees, forests, and forest products forests. on lands leased or demised by the government of the Phil- ippine Islands under the provisions of this Act shall not be cut, destroyed, removed, or appropriated except by special permission of said government and under such regulations as it may prescribe. etc. pants. Proviso. Limit of area. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 219 All moneys obtained from lease or sale of any portion Use of receipts. of the public domain or from licenses to cut timber by the government of the Philippine Islands shall be covered into the insular treasury and be subject only to appropria tion for insular purposes according to law. SEC. 18. That the forest laws and regulations now in Forest. laws, etc., continued. force in the Philippine Islands, with such modifications and amendments as may be made by the government of said islands, are hereby continued in force, and no timber lands forming part of the public domain shall be sold, leased, or entered until the government of said islands, upon the cer- tification of the forestry bureau that said lands are more valuable for agriculture than for forest uses, shall declare such lands so certified to be agricultural in character: Provided, That the said government shall have the right timber li- and is hereby empowered to issue licenses to cut, harvest, censes. or collect timber or other forest products on reserved or unreserved public lands in said islands in accordance with the forest laws and regulations hereinbefore mentioned and under the provisions of this Act, and the said govern- ment may lease land to any person or persons holding such licenses, sufficient for a mill site, not to exceed four hectares in extent, and may grant rights of way to enable such person or persons to get access to the lands to which such licenses apply. SEC. 19. That the beneficial use shall be the basis, the basis of water privileges. measure, and the limit of all rights to water in said islands, and the government of said islands is hereby authorized to make such rules and regulations for the use of water, and to make such reservations of public lands for the pro- tection of the water supply, and for other public purposes not in conflict with the provisions of this Act, as it may deem best for the public good. MINERAL LANDS. Mineral lands. SEC. 20. That in all cases public lands in the Philippine Reserved. Islands valuable for minerals shall be reserved from sale, except as otherwise expressly directed by law. SEC. 21. That all valuable mineral deposits in public. Purchase, etc., lands in the Philippine Islands, both surveyed and unsur-by citizens. veyed, are hereby declared to be free and open to explora- tion, occupation, and purchase, and the land in which they are found to occupation and purchase, by citizens of the United States, or of said Islands: Provided, That when on Proviso. any lands in said islands entered and occupied as agricul- unpatented agri- tural lands under the provisions of this Act, but not pat- cultural lands. ented, mineral deposits have been found, the working of such mineral deposits is hereby forbidden until the per- son, association, or corporation who or which has entered and is occupying such lands shall have paid to the govern- ment of said islands such additional sum or sums as will make the total amount paid for the mineral claim or 220 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. of claims. claims in which said deposits are located equal to the amount charged by the government for the same as min- eral claims. Locating of SEC. 22. That mining claims upon land containing veins mineral claims. or lodes of quartz or other rock in place bearing gold, silver, cinnabar, lead, tin, copper, or other valuable de- posits, located after the passage of this Act, whether located by one or more persons qualified to locate the same under the preceding section, shall be located in the fol- Regulations. lowing manner and under the following conditions: Any person so qualified desiring to locate a mineral claim shali, subject to the provisions of this Act with respect to land which may be used for mining, enter upon the same and locate a plot of ground measuring, where possible, but not exceeding, one thousand feet in length by one thousand feet in breadth, in as nearly as possible a rectangular form; that is to say: All angles shall be right angles, except in cases where a boundary line of a previously surveyed claim is adopted as common to both claims, but the lines need not necessarily be meridional. In defining the size of a mineral claim, it shall be measured horizontally, irrespec- tive of inequalities of the surface of the ground. Demarcation SEC. 23. That a mineral claim shall be marked by two posts placed as nearly as possible on the line of the ledge or vein, and the posts shall be numbered one and two, and the distance between posts numbered one and two shall not exceed one thousand feet, the line between posts num- bered one and two to be known as the location line; and upon posts numbered one and two shall be written the name given to the mineral claim, the name of the locator, and the date of the location. Upon post numbered one there shall be written, in addition to the foregoing, “Ini- tial post,” the approximate compass bearing of post num- bered two, and a statement of the number of feet lying to the right and to the left of the line from post numbered one to post numbered two, thus: “Initial post. Direction of post numbered two. — feet of this claim lie on the right and - - feet on the left of the line from num- ber one to number two post." All the particulars required to be put on number one and number two posts shall be furnished by the locator to the provincial secretary, or such other officer as by the Philippine government may be described as mining recorder, in writing, at the time the claim is recorded, and shall form a part of the record of such claim. Marking lines SEC. 24. That when a claim has been located the holder shall immediately mark the line between posts numbered one and two so that it can be distinctly seen. The locator shall also place a post at the point where he has found minerals in place, on wbich shall be written “Discovery post:" Provided, That when the claim is surveyed the sur- Surveys. veyor shall be guided by the records of the claim, the sketch plan on the back of the declaration made by the of claims. Proviso. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPIHE ISLANDS. 221 owner when the claim was recorded, posts numbered one and two, and the notice on number one, the initial post. EXAMPLES OF VARIOUS MODES OF LAYING OUT CLAIMS. Examples of laying out claims. No. 2 post. No. 2 post. 500 Y 500 No. 2 posti 0- 250 750 600 400% 1,000 1,000 1,000 000T 1,000 1,000 o Discovery post. Discovery post. Discovery post. 500 600 250 150 600 400 No. 1 post. No. 1 post. No. 1 post. S SEC. 25. That it shall not be lawful to move number Removal of post No. 1 un- one post, but number two post may be moved by the lawful. deputy mineral surveyor when the distance between posts numbered one and two exceeds one thousand feet, in order to place number two post one thousand feet from number one post on the line of location. When the distance between posts numbered one and two is less than one thousand feet the deputy mineral surveyor shall have no authority to extend the claim beyond number two. Sec. 26. That the location line" shall govern the direc- Location tion of one side of the claim, upon which the survey shall be extended according to this Act. . SEC. 27. That the holder of a mineral claim shall be entitled to all minerals which may lie within his claim, but he shall not be entitled to mine outside the boundary lines of his claim continued vertically downward: Provided, Proviso That this Act shall not prejudice the rights of claim not prejudiced. Prior claims owners nor claim holders whose claims have been located under existing laws prior to this Act. SEC. 28. That no mineral claim of the full size shall be Claims of full size. recorded without the application being accompanied by Application an affidavit made by the applicant or some person on his and a 2. and affidavit. behalf cognizant of the facts-that the legal notices and posts have been put up; that mineral has been found in place on the claim proposed to be recorded; that the ground applied for is unoccupied by any other person. In the said declaration shall be set out the name of the applicant and the date of the location of the claim. The words written on the number one and number two posts shall be set out in full, and as accurate a description as possible of the position of the claim given with reference to some natural object or permanent monuments. SEC. 29. That no mineral claim which at the date of its Fractional , claims. record is known by the locator to be less than a full-sized Declaration. mineral claim shall be recorded without the word “frac- 222 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. marcations. tion” being added to the name of the claim, and the ap- plication being accompanied by an affidavit or solemn declaration made by the applicant or some person on his behalf cognizant of the facts: That the legal posts and notices have been put up; that mineral has been found in place on the fractional claim proposed to be recorded; that the ground applied for is unoccupied by any other person. In the said declaration shall be set out the name of the applicant and the date of the location of the claim. Description. The words written on the posts numbered one and two shall be set out in full, and as accurate a description as Sketch plan. possible of the position of the claim given. A sketch plan shall be drawn by the applicant on the back of the declara- tion, showing as near as may be the position of the adjoin- ing mineral claims and the shape and size, expressed in Proviso. feet, of the claim or fraction desired to be recorded: Pro- Innocent non: vided, That the failure on the part of the locator of a regulations. mineral claim to comply with any of the foregoing provi- sions of this section shall not be deemed to invalidate such location, if upon the facts it shall appear that such locator has actually discovered mineral in place on said location, and that there has been on his part a bona fide attempt to comply with the provisions of this Act, and that the non- observance of the formalities hereinbefore referred to is not of a character calculated to mislead other persons desiring to locate claims in the vicinity. Difficult de Sec. 30. That in cases where, from the nature or shape of the ground, it is impossible to mark the location line of the claim as provided by this Act then the claim may be marked by placing posts as nearly as possible to the loca- tion line, and noting the distance and direction such posts may be from such location line, which distance and direc- tion shall be set out in the record of the claim. Recording SEC. 31. That every person locating a mineral claim shall record the same with the provincial secretary or such other officer as by the government of the Philippine Islands may be described as mining recorder of the district within which the same is situate, within thirty days after the location thereof. Such record shall be made in a book to be kept for the purpose in the office of the said provincial secretary or such other officer as by said government described as mining recorder, in which shall be inserted the name of the claim, the name of each locator, the local- ity of the mine, the direction of the location line, the length in feet, the date of location, and the date of the record. A claim which shall not have been recorded within the prescribed period shall be deemed to have been abandoned Disputes. SEC. 32. That in case of any dispute as to the location of a mineral claim the title to the claim shall be recognized according to the priority of such location, subject to any question as to the validity of the record itself and subject to the holder having complied with all the terms and con- ditions of this Act. Claims. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 223 ment. SEC. 33. That no holder shall be entitled to hold in his, Limit. its, or their own name or in the name of any other person, corporation, or association more than one mineral claim on the same vein or lode. SEC. 34. That a holder may at any time abandon any mineral claim by giving notice, in writing, of such inten- tion to abandon, to the provincial secretary or such other officer as by the government of the Philippine Islands may be described as mining recorder; and from the date of the record of such notice all his interest in such claim shall cease. Sec. 35. That proof of citizenship under the clauses of Proofs of citi- zenship. this Act relating to mineral lands may consist, in the case of an individual, of his own affidavit thereof; in the case of an association of persons unincorporated, of the affidavit of their authorized agent, made on his own knowledge or upon information and belief; and in the case of a corpo- ration organized under the laws of the United States, or of any State or Territory thereof, or of the Philippine Islands, by the filing of a certified copy of their charter or certifi- cate of incorporation. SEC. 36. That the United States Philippine Commission Mining regula- or its successors may make regulations, not in conflict with "Requirements. the provisions of this Act, governing the location, manner of recording, and amount of work necessary to hold pos- session of a mining claim, subject to the following require- ments: On each claim located after the passage of this Act, and until a patent has been issued therefor, not less than one hundred dollars' worth of labor shall be performed or improvements made during each year: Provided, That Proviso: upon a failure to comply with these conditions the claim noncompliance or mine upon which such failure occurred shall be open to with regulations. relocation in the same manner as if no location of the same had ever been made, provided that the original locators, their heirs, assigns, or legal representatives have not resumed work upon the claim after failure and before such location. Upon the failure of any one of several coowners papedinguen to contribute his proportion of the expenditures required thereby, the coowners who have performed the labor or made the improvements may, at the expiration of the year, give such delinquent coowner personal notice in writing, or notice by publication in the newspaper published near- est the claim, and in two newspapers published at Manila, one in the English language and the other in the Spanish language, to be designated by the chief of the Philippine insular bureau of public lands, for at least once a week for ninety days, and if, at the expiration of ninety days after such notice in writing or by publication such delin- quent shall fail or refuse to contribute his proportion of the expenditure required by this section his interest in the claim shall become the property of his coowners who have made the required expenditures. The period within which Assessment the work required to be done annually on all unpatented ssessm Relocation on od 224 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. mineral claims shall commence on the first day of January succeeding the date of location of such claim. Patents. SEC. 37. That a patent for any land claimed and located Applications. for valuable mineral deposits may be obtained in the fol- lowing manner: Any person, association, or corporation authorized to locate a claim under this Act, having claimed and located a piece of land for such purposes, who has or have complied with the terms of this Act, may file in the office of the provincial secretary, or such other officer as by the government of said Islands may be described as mining recorder of the province wherein the land claimed is located, an application for a patent, under oath, showing such compliance, together with a plat and field notes of the claim or claims in common, made by or under the direc- tion of the chief of the Philippine insular bureau of public lands, showing accurately the boundaries of the claim, which shall be distinctly marked by monuments on the ground, and shall post a copy of such plat, together with Notice. a notice of such application for a patent, in a conspicuous place on the land embraced in such plat previous to the filing of the application for a patent, and shall file an affidavit of at least two persons that such notice has been duly posted, and shall file a copy of the notice in such office, and shall thereupon be entitled to a patent for Publication by the land, in the manner following: The provincial secre- mining recorder. U tary, or such other officer as by the Philippine govern- ment may be described as mining recorder, upon the filing of such application, plat, field notes, notices, and affidavits, shall publish a notice that such an application has been made, once a week for the period of sixty days, in a news- paper to be by him designated as nearest to such claim and in two newspapers published at Manila, one in the English language and one in the Spanish language, to be desig- nated by the chief of the Philippine insular bureau of public lands; and he shall also post such notice in his office Filing of affi- for the same period. The claimant at the time of filing davit, etc. this application, or at any time thereafter within the sixty days of publication, shall file with the provincial secretary or such other officer as by the Philippine government may be described as mining recorder a certificate of the chief of the Philippine insular bureau of public lands that five hundred dollars' worth of labor has been expended or im- provements made upon the claim by himself or grantors; that the plat is correct, with such further description by such reference to natural objects or permanent monuments as shall identify the claim, and furnish an accurate de- Issue of patent scription to be incorporated in the patent. At the expira- in noncontested 'tion of the sixty days of publication the claimant shall file his affidavit, showing that the plat and notice have been posted in a conspicuous place on the claim during such period of publication. If no adverse claim shall have been filed with the provincial secretary or such other officer as by the government of said islands may be described as mining recorder at the expiration of the sixty days of claims. የገነነ CATHEDRAL OF MANILA, LUZÓN. IN THE WALLED CITY. SU NURSES' HOME, MANILA, LUZÓN. FIELD HOSPITAL AT SANTA CRUZ, MANILA, LUZÓN. CALESIN (TWO-WHEELED GIG), CALLED " DUQUESITA," OR LITTLE DUCHESS, MANILA, LUZON. A CARROMATA, THE MOST COMMONLY USED VEHICLE IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CARRETELA DE PASAY, SO CALLED AFTER THE NAME OF THAT TOWN OF RIZAL PROVINCE; A CART USED BY THE NATIVES OF LUZON. IN THE ISLAND OF CEBU IT IS CALLED "FLECHA." ÇITY TRANSPORTATION IN THE PHILIPPINES. DRAYMEN IN MANILA, LUZON. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 225 11 publication, it shall be assumed that the applicant is en- titled to a patent upon the payment to the provincial treasurer or the collector of internal revenue of five dollars per acre and that no adverse claim exists, and thereafter no objection from third parties to the issuance of a patent shall be heard, except it be shown that the applicant has Proviso. failed to comply with the terms of this Act: Provided, Non-residents. That where the claimant for a patent is not a resident of or within the province wherein the land containing the vein, ledge, or deposit sought to be patented is located, the application for patent and the affidavits required to be made in this section by the claimant for such patent may be made by his, her, or its authorized agent where said agent is conversant with the facts sought to be established by said affidavits. SEC. 38. That applicants for mineral patents, if residing nonethsident and beyond the limits of the province or military department plicunts. wherein the claim is situated, may make the oath or affi- davit required for proof of citizenship before the clerk of any court of record, or before any notary public of any province of the Philip pine Islands, or any other official in said islands authorized by law to administer oaths. SEC. 39. That where an adverse claim is filed during the Adverse claims. period of publication it shall be upon oath of the person or persons making the same, and shall show the nature, boundaries, and extent of such adverse claim, and all pro- ceedings, except the publication of notice and making and filing of the affidavits thereof, shall be stayed until the controversy shall have been settled or decided by a court of competent jurisdiction or the adverse claim waived. It shall be the duty of the adverse claimant, within thirty a {verse claim Proceedings by days after filing his claim, to commence proceedings in a ants. court of competent jurisdiction to determine the question of the right of possession, and prosecute the same with rea- sonable diligence to final judgment, and a failure so to do Certified copy shall be a waiver of his adverse claim. After such judg- of judgment. ment shall have been rendered the party entitled to the possession of the claim, or any portion thereof, may, with- out giving further notice, file a certified copy of the judg- ment roll with the provincial secretary or such other offi- cer as by the government of the Philippine Islands may be described as mining recorder, together with the certificate of the chief of the Philippine insular bureau of publi lands that the requisite amount of labor has been expended or improvements made thereon, and the description re- Payment. quired in other cases, and shall pay to the provincial treas- urer or the collector of internal revenue of the province in which the claim is situated, as the case may be, five dollars per acre for his claim, together with the proper fees, whereupon the whole proceedings and tbe judgment roll shall be certified by the provincial secretary or such other Issuance of recorder to the secretary of the interior of the Philippine Islands, and a patent shall issue thereon for the claim, or patents. S. Doc. 280— 15* 226 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. several persons such portion thereof as the applicant shall appear, from the decision of the court, rightly to possess. The adverse Oaths. claim may be verified by the oath of any duly authorized agent or attorney in fact of the adverse claimant cognizant of the facts stated; and the adverse claimant, if residing or at the time being beyond the limits of the province wherein the claim is situated, may make oath to the ad- verse claim before the clerk of any court of record, or any notary public of any province or military department of the Philippine Islands, or any other officer authorized to administer oaths where the adverse claimant may then be. Interests of If it appears from the decision of the court that several in one claim. parties are entitled to separate and different portions of the claim, each party may pay for his portion of the claim, with the proper fees, and file the certificate and descrip- tion by the chief of the Philippine insular bureau of pub- lic lands, whereupon the provincial secretary or such other officer as by the government of said islands may be de- scribed as mining recorder shall certify the proceedings and judgment roll to the secretary of the interior for the Philippine Islands, as in the preceding case, and patents shall issue to the several parties according to their respec- tive rights. If in any action brought pursuant to this sec- Title. tion title to the ground in controversy shall not be estab- lished by either party, the court shall so find, and judgment shall be entered accordingly. In such case costs shall not be allowed to either party, and the claimant shall not pro ceed in the office of the provincial secretary or such other officer as by the government of said islands may be de- scribed as mining recorder or be entitled to a patent for the ground in controversy until he shall have perfected his Alienation of title. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the alienation of a title conveyed by a patent for a mining claim to any person whatever. Claims upon SEC. 40. That the description of mineral claims upon surveyed lands. surveyed lands shall designate the location of the claim with reference to the lines of the public surveys, but need not conform therewith; but where a patent shall be issued Onunsurvey- for claims upon unsurveyed lands the chief of the Phil- ed lands. ippine insular bureau of public lands in extending the surveys shall adjust the same to the boundaries of such patented claim according to the plat or description thereof, but so as in no case to interfere with or change the loca- tion of any such pater,ded claim. SEC. 41. That any person authorized to enter lands under this Act may enter and obtain patent to lands that are chiefly valuable for building stone under the provisions of this Act relative to placer mineral claims. Petroleum, SEC. 42. That any person authorized to enter lands under this Act may enter and obtain patent to lands containing petroleum or other mineral oils and chiefly valuable there. for under the provisions of this Act relative to placer mineral claims. title. ( entries. etc., entries. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 227 surve SEC. 43. That no location of a placer claim shall exceed Placer claims. sixty-four hectares for any association of persons, irre- spective of the number of persons composing such asso- ciation, and no such location shall include more than eight hectares for an individual claimant. Such locations shall conform to the laws of the United States Philippine Com- mission, or its successors, with reference to public sur- veys, and nothing in this section contained shall defeat or impair any bona fide ownership of land for agricultural purposes or authorize the sale of the improvements of any bona fide settler to any purchaser. SEC. 44. That where placer claims are located upon sur-On surveyed land. veyed lands and conform to legal subdivisions, no further survey or plat shall be required, and all placer mining claims located after the date of passage of this Act shall conform as nearly as practicable to the Philippine system of public-land surveys and the regular subdivisions of such surveys; but where placer claims can not be conformed to legal subdivisions, survey and plat shall be made as on unsurveyed lands; and where by the segregation of min- eral lands in any legal subdivision a quantity of agricul- tural land less than sixteen hectares shall remain, such fractional portion of agricultural land may be entered by any party qualified by law for homestead purposes. SEC. 45. That where such person or association, they Establishment of right to patent. and their grantors have held and worked their claims for a period equal to the time prescribed by the statute of limitations of the Philippine Islands, evidence of such possession and working of the claims for such period shall be sufficient to establish a right to a patent thereto under this Act, in the absence of any adverse claim; but nothing ! 8 affected. in this Act shall be deemed to impair any lien which may have attached in any way whatever prior to the issuance of a patent. SEC. 46. That the chief of the Philippine insular bureau Appointment of deputy sur- of public lands may appoint competent deputy mineral veyors. surveyors to survey mining claims. The expenses of the Expenses. survey of vein or lode claims and of the survey of placer claims, together with the cost of publication of notices, shall be paid by the applicants, and they shall be at lib- erty to obtain the same at the most reasonable rates, and they shall also be at liberty to employ any such deputy mineral surveyor to make the survey. The chief of the charges for Philippine insular bureau of public lands shall also have power to establish the maximum charges for surveys and publication of notices under this Act; and in case of excessive charges for publication he may designate any newspaper published in a province where mines are situ- ated, or in Manila, for the publication of mining notices and fix the rates to be charged by such paper; and to the end that the chief of the bureau of public lands may be fully informed on the subject such applicant shall file with the provincial secretary, or such other officer as by the government of the Philippine Islands may be described as surveys. 228 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. affidavits. etc. mining recorder, a sworn statement of all charges and fees paid by such applicant for publication and surveys, and of all fees and money paid the provincial treasurer or the collector of internal revenue, as the case may be, which statement shall be transmitted, with the other papers in the case, to the secretary of the interior for the Philippine Islands. Verification of SEC. 47. That all affidavits required to be made under this Act may be verified before any officer authorized to administer oaths within the province or military depart- Testimony, ment where the claims may be situated, and all testimony and proofs may be taken before any such officer, and, when duly certified by the officer taking the same, shall have the same force and effect as if taken before the proper provincial secretary or such other officer as by the government of the Philippine Islands may be described Contests. as mining recorder. In cases of contest as to the mineral or agricultural character of land the testimony and proofs may be taken as herein provided on personal notice of at least ten days to the opposing party; or if such party can not be found, then by publication at least once a week for thirty days in a newspaper to be designated by the pro- vincial secretary or such other officer as by said govern- ment may be described as mining recorder published nearest to the location of such land and in two newspapers published in Manila, one in the English language and one in the Spanish language, to be designated by the chief of the Philippine insular bureau of public lands; and the provincial secretary or such other officer as by said gov- ernment may be described as mining recorder shall require proofs that such notice has been Patents of non- SEC. 48. That where nonmineral land not contiguous to mineral lands, etc., for milling, the vein or lode is used or occupied by the proprietor of etc. such vein or lode for mining or milling purposes, such nonadjacent surface ground may be embraced and included in an application for a patent for such vein or lode, and the same may be patented therewith, subject to the same pre- liminary requirements as to survey and notice as are appli- cable to veins or lodes; but no location of such nonadjacent land shall exceed two hectares, and payment for the same must be made at the same rate as fixed by this Act for the Mill site pat- superficies of the lode. The owner of a quartz mill or reduction works not owning a mine in connection there- with may also receive a patent for his mill site as provided in this section. Rules for SEC. 49. That as a condition of sale the Government of the Philippine Islands may provide rules for working, policing, and sanitation of mines, and rules concerning easements, drainage, water rights, right of way, right of Government survey and inspection, and other necessary means to their complete development not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, and those conditions shall be Bonds of dep- fully expressed in the patent. The Philippine Commission veyors. or its successors are hereby further empowered to fix the bonds of deputy mineral surveyor. ents. mines, etc. uty mineral sur- GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 229 vested water SEC. 50. That whenever by priority of possession rights Protection to to the use of water for mining, agricultural, manufactur- rights. ing, or other purposes have vested and accrued and the same are recognized and acknowledged by the local cus- toms, laws, and the decisions of courts, the possessors and owners of such vested rights shall be maintained and pro- tected in the same, and the right of way for the construc- tion of ditches and canals for the purposes herein specified is acknowledged and confirmed, but whenever any person, Damages. in the construction of any ditch or canal, injures or dam- ages the possession of any settler on the public domain, th party committing such injury or damage shall be liable to the party injured for such injury or damage. SEC. 51. That all patents granted shall be subject to any All patents sub- vested and accrued water rights, or rights to ditches and lector tichyested water rights, etc. reservoirs used in connection with such water rights as may have been acquired under or recognized by the pre- ceding section. SEC. 52. That the Government of the Philippine Islands Establishment w of land districts, is authorized to establish land districts and provide for the etc. appointment of the necessary officers wherever they may deem the same necessary for the public convenience, and to futher provide that in districts where land offices are established proceedings required by this Act to be had before provincial officers shall be had before the proper officers of such land offices. SEC. 53. That every person above the age of twenty-one Coal-land en- vears, who is a citizen of the United States, or of the Phil- ippine Islands, or who has acquired the rights of a native of said islands under and by virtue of the treaty of Paris, or any association of persons severally qualified as above, shall, upon application to the proper provincial treasurer, have the right to enter any quality [quantity?] of vacant Limits. ccal lands of said Islands not otherwise appropriated or reserved by competent authority, not exceeding sixty-four hectares to such individual person, or one hundred and twenty-eight hectares to such association, upon payment to the provincial treasurer or the collector of internal revenue, as the case may be, of not less than twenty-five dollars per hectare for such lands, where the same shall be situated more than fifteen miles from any completed rail- road or available barbor or navigable stream, and not less than fifty dollars per hectare for such lands as shall be within fifteen miles of such road, harbor, or stream: Pro- Proviso. vided, That such entries shall be taken in squares of six- Entries. teen or sixty-four hectares, in conformity with the rules and regulations governing the public-land surveys of the said Islands in plotting legal subdivisions. Sec. 54. That any person or association of persons, sev- Preference erally qualified as above provided, who have opened and right of entry. improved, or shall hereafter open and improve, any coal mine or mines upon the public lands, and shall be in actual possession of the same, shall be entitled to a preference right of entry under the preceding section of the mines so opened and improved. 230 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. statement. Declaratory SEC. 55. That all claims under the preceding section must be presented to the proper provincial secretary within sixty days after the date of actual possession and the commencement of improvements on the land by the filing of a declaratory statement therefor; and where the improvements shall have been made prior to the expira- tion of three months from the date of the passage of this Act, sixty days from the expiration of such three months shall be allowed for the filing of a declaratory statement; and no sale under the provisions of this Act shall be allowed until the expiration of six months from the date of the pas- sage of this Act. Limit to en- SEC. 56. That the three preceding sections shall be held to authorize only one entry by the same person or associa- tion of persons; and no association of persons, any mem- ber of which shall have taken the benefit of such sections, either as an individual or as a member of any other associa- tries. Infra. claims. sions thereof; and no member of any association which shall have taken the benefit of such section shall enter or hold any other lands under their provisions; and all per- sons claiming under section fifty-eight shall be required to prove their respective rights and pay for the lands filed upon within one year from the time prescribed for filing their respective claims; and upon failure to file the proper notice or to pay for the land within the required period, the same shall be subject to entry by any other qualified applicant. conflicting SEC. 57. That in case of conflicting claims upon coal lands where the improvements shall be commenced after the date of the passage of this Act, priority of possession and improvement, followed by proper filing and continued good faith, shall determine the preference right to pur- chase. And also where improvements have already been made prior to the passage of this Act, division of the land claimed may be made by legal subdivisions, which shall conform as nearly as practicable with the subdivisions of land provided for in this Act, to include as nearly as may be the valuable improvements of the respective parties. The Government of the Philippine Islands is authorized to issue all needful rules and regulations for carrying into effect the provisions of this and preceding sections relating to mineral lands. SEC. 58. That whenever it shall be made to appear to the secretary of any province or the commander of any mili- within the province are saline in character, it shall be the duty of said provincial secretary or commander, under the regulations of the Government of the Philippine Islands, to take testimony in reference to such lands, to ascertain their true character, and to report the same to the secre- Anction sales. tary of the interior for the Philippine Islands; and if, upon such testimony, the secretary of the interior shall find that such lands are saline and incapable of being pur- chased under any of the laws relative to the public domain, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 231 then and in such case said lands shall be offered for sale at the office of the provincial secretary or such other officer as by the said government may be described as mining recorder of the province or department in which the same shall be situated, as the case may be, under such regula- tions as may be prescribed by said Government and sold to the highest bidder, for cash, at a price of not less than Private sales. three dollars per hectare; and in case such lands fail to sell when so offered, then the same shall be subject to private sale at such office, for cash, at a price not less than three dollars per hectare, in the same manner as other Proclamations lands in the said Islands are sold. All executive procla- of sales. mations relating to the sales of public saline lands shall be published in only two newspapers, one printed in the English language and one in the Spanish language, at Manila, which shall be designated by said secretary of the interior. SEC. 59. That no Act granting lands to provinces, dis- Mineral lands tricts, or municipalities to aid in the construction of roads, grants for public or for other public purposes, shall be so construed as to works. embrace mineral lands, which, in all cases, are reserved exclusively, unless otherwise specially provided in the Act or Acts making the grant. SEC. 60. That nothing in this Act shall be construed to Prior mining concessions not affect the rights of any person, partnership, or corpora- affected. tion having a valid, perfected mining concession granted prior to April eleventh, eighteen hundred and ninety- nine, but all such concessions shall be conducted under the provisions of the law in force at the time they were granted, subject at all times to cancellation by reason of illegality in the procedure by which they were obtained, or for failure to comply with the conditions prescribed as requisite to their retention in the laws under which they were granted: Provided, That the owner or owners of Proviso. every such concession shall cause the corners made by its dary lines. Marking boun- boundaries to be distinctiy marked with permanent monu- ments within six months after this Act has been promul- gated in the Philippine Islands, and that any concessions the boundaries of which are not so marked within this period shall be free and open to explorations and pur- chase under the provisions of this Act. SEC. 61. That mining rights on public lands in the Future mining Philippine Islands shall, after the passage of this Act, be + he rights. acquired only in accordance with its provisions. SEC. 62. That all proceedings for the cancellation of Cancellation perfected Spanish concessions shall be conducted in the si courts of the Philippine Islands having jurisdiction of the song.co Proceedings. subject-matter and of the parties, unless the United States Philippine Commission, or its successors, shall create special tribunals for the determination of such contro- versies. of perfeeted conces- 232 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Acquiring AUTHORITY FOR THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS GOVERNMENT TO lands from re- ligious orders, PURCHASE LANDS OF RELIGIOUS ORDERS AND OTHERS etc. AND ISSUE BONDS FOR PURCHASE PRICE. Authority con- SEC. 63. That the government of the Philippine Islands etea realand er is hereby authorized, subject to the limitations and condi- sonal property. tions prescribed in this Act, to acquire, receive, hold, maintain, and convey title to real and personal property, and may acquire real estate for public uses by the exercise of the right of eminent domain. Acquisition of SEC. 64. That the powers hereinbefore conferred in sec- property of reli- gious orders, etc, tion sixty-three may also be exercised in respect of any lands, easements, appurtenances, and hereditaments which, on the thirteenth of August, eighteen hundred and ninety- eight, were owned or held by associations, corporations, communities, religious orders, or private individuals in such large tracts or parcels and in such manner as in the opinion of the Commission injuriously to affect the peace Issue of bonds and welfare of the people of the Philippine Islands. “And authorized. for the purpose of providing funds to acquire the lands mentioned in this section said government of the Philip- pine Islands is hereby empowered to incur indebtedness, to borrow money, and to issue, and to sell at not less than par value, in gold coin of the United States of the present standard value or the equivalent in value in money of said Islands, upon such terms and conditions as it may deem best, registered or coupon bonds of said government for such amount as may be necessary, said bonds to be in Denomination. denominations of fifty dollars or any multiple thereof, bearing interest at a rate not exceeding four and a half Interest. per centum per annum, payable quarterly, and to be pay- able at the pleasure of said government after dates named in said bonds not less than five nor more than thirty years from the date of their issue, together with interest thereon, in gold coin of the United States of the present standard value or the equivalent in value in money of said Islands; and said bonds shall be exempt from the payment of all Exempt from taxes or duties of said government, or any local authority taxes, etc. therein, or of the Government of the United States, as well as from taxation in any form by or under State, municipal, or local authority in the United States or the Philippine Islands. The moneys which may be realized or received from the issue and sale of said bonds shall be applied by the government of the Philippine Islands to the acquisition of the property authorized by this section, and to no other purposes. Disposition of SEC. 65. That all lands acquired by virtue of the pre- priredenty a ceding section shall constitute a part and portion of the public property of the government of the Philippine İslands, and may be held, sold, and conveyed, or leased temporarily for a period not exceeding three years after their acquisition by said government on such terms and conditions as it may prescribe, subject to the limitations GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 233 O- and conditions provided for in this Act: Provided, That Proviso: au Deferred pay- all deferred payments and the interest thereon shall be ments, etc. payable in the money prescribed for the payment of prin- cipal and interest of the bonds authorized to be issued in payment of said lands by the preceding section and said deferred payments shall bear interest at the rate borne by the bonds. All moneys realized or received from sales or Use ceeds. other disposition of said lands or by reason thereof shallº constitute a trust fund for the payment of principal and interest of said bonds, and also constitute a sinking fund for the payment of said bonds at their maturity. Actual proper Preference settlers and occupants at the time said lands are acquired rights of settlers, by the government shall have the preference over all others etc. to lease, purchase, or acquire their holdings within such reasonable time as may be determined by said government. MUNICIPAL BONDS FOR PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. SEC. 66. That for the purpose of providing funds to con- Municipal struct sewers, to furnish adequate sewer and drainage improvements. facilities, to secure a sufficient supply of water, and to provide all kinds of municipal betterments and improve- ments in municipalities, the government of the Philippine Islands, under such limitations, terms, and conditions as it may prescribe, with the consent and approval of the Presi- dent and the Congress of the United States, may permit any municipality of said islands to incur indebtedness, bor- row money, and to issue and sell (at not less than par value in gold coin of the United States) registered or coupon bonds in such amount and payable at such time as may be determined by the government of said işlands, with inter- est thereon not to exceed five per centum per annum: Pro- Proviso. vided, That the entire indebtedness of any municipality Limit y debtedness. under this section shall not exceed five per centum of the assessed valuation of the property in said municipality, and any obligation in excess of such limit shall be null and void. SEC. 67. That all municipal bonds shall be in denomina- Denomination tions of fifty dollars, or any multiple thereof, bearing in- of boerest. terest at a rate not exceeding five per centum per annum, payable quarterly, such bonds to be payable at the pleas- ure of the government of the Philippine Islands, after dates named in said bonds not less than five nor more than thirty years from the date of their issue, together with the interest thereon, in gold coin of the United States of the present standard value, or its equivalent in value in money of the said islands; and said bonds shall be exempt from Exempt from the payment of all taxes or duties of the government of taxes, etc. the Philippine Islands, or any local authority therein, or the Government of the United States. SEC. 68. That all moneys which may be realized or Use of funds re- received from the issue and sale of said bonds shall be ceived from sale utilized under authorization of the government of the Philippine Islands in providing the municipal improve- ments and betterment which induced the issue and sale of said bonds, and for no other purpose. 234 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Proviso. Reimburse- ment. Municipal SEC. 69. That the government of the Philippine Islands taxes to pay bond obligations. shall, by the levy and collection of taxes on the munici- pality, its inhabitants and their property, or by other means, make adequate provision to meet the obligation of the bonds of such municipality, and shall create a sinking fund sufficient to retire them and pay the interest thereon in accordance with the terms of issue: Provided, That if said bonds or any portion thereof shall be paid out of the funds of the government of said islands, such municipality shall reimburse said government for the sum thus paid, and said government is hereby empowered to collect said sum by the levy and collection of taxes on such munici- pality. Manila. SEC. 70. That for the purpose of providing funds to Issue of bonds for sewers, water construct sewers in the city of Manila and to furnish it supply, etc. with an adequate sewer and drainage system and supply of water the government of the Philippine Islands, with t approval of the President of the United States first had, is hereby authorized to permit the city of Manila to incur indebtedness, to borrow money, and to issue and sell (at Limit. not less than par value in gold coin of the United States), upon such terms and conditions as it may deem best, reg- istered or coupon bonds of the city of Manila to an amount not exceeding four million dollars lawful money of the United States, payable at such time or times as may be determined by said government, with interest thereon not to exceed five per centum per annum. Denomination Sec. 71. That said coupon or registered bonds shall be in denominations of fifty dollars or any multiple thereof, bearing interest at a rate not exceeding five per centum per annum, payable quarterly, such bonds to be payable at the pleasure of the government of the Philippine Is- lands, after dates named in said bonds not less than five nor more than thirty years from the date of their issue, together with the interest thereon in gold coin of the United States of the present standard value, or the equiva- lent m value in money of the said Islands; and said bonds Exempt from shall be exempt from the payment of all taxes or duties of taxes, etc. the government of the said Islands, or of any local au- thority therein, or of the Government of the United States. Use of funds. SEC. 72. That all moneys which may be realized or re. ceived from the issue and sale of said bonds shall be utilized under authorization of said government of the Philippine Islands in providing a suitable sewer and drain- age system and adequate supply of water for the city of Manila and for no other purpose. Taxes to meet SEC. 73. That the government of the Philippine Islands Band obliga-shall, by the levy and collection of taxes on the city of Manila, its inhabitants and their property, or by other means, make adequate provision to meet the obligation of said bonds and shall create a sinking fund sufficient to retire them and pay the interest thereon in accordance with the terms of issue: Provided, That if said bonds or any portion thereof shall be paid out of the funds of the of bonds. Interest. Proviso. Reimburse- ment, ĜAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 235 government of said islands, said city shall reimburse said government for the sum thus paid, and said government is hereby empowered to collect said sum by the levy and collection of taxes on said city. FRANCHISES. Franchises,etc. or Sec. 74. That the government of the Philippine Islands Government authorized to may grant franchises, privileges, and concessions, includ- grant. ing the authority to exercise the right of eminent domain for the construction and operation of works of public utility and service, and may authorize said works to be constructed and maintained over and across the public property of the United States, including streets, highways, squares, and reservations, and over similar property of the government of said Islands, and may adopt rules and regulations under which the provincial and municipal governments of the islands may grant the right to use and occupy such public property belonging to said provinces or municipalities: Provided, That no private property Proviso. Private prop- shall be taken for any purpose under this section without erty, etc. just compensation paid or tendered therefor, and that such authority to take and occupy land shall not authorize the taking, use, or occupation of any land except such as is required for the actual necessary purposes for which the franchise i granted, and that no franc Franchises of subject to concession shall be granted to any corporation except amendment, etc., by Congress. under the conditions that it shall be subject to amendment, alteration, or repeal by the Congress of the United States, and that lands or rights of use and occupation of lands thus granted shall revert to the governments by which they were respectively granted upon the termination of the franchises and concessions under which they were granted or upon their revocation or repeal. That all franchises, Issuance of 09, stock, etc., re- privileges, or concessions granted under this Act shall for- stricted. bid the issue of stock or bonds except in exchange for actual cash, or for property at a fair valuation, equal to the par value of the stock or bonds so issued; shall forbid the declar- Dividends. ing of stock or bond dividends, and, in the case of public- service corporations, shall provide for the effective regula- tion of the charges thereof, for the official inspection and books, cetico regulation of the books and accounts of such corporations, and for the payment of a reasonable percentage of gross earnings into the treasury of the Philippine Islands or of the province or municipality within which such franchises Proviso. are granted and exercised: Provided further. That it shall Slave labor be unlawful for any corporation organized under this Act, proh or for any person, company, or corporation receiving any grant, franchise, or concession from the government of said Islands, to use, employ, or contract for the labor of persons claimed or alleged to be held in involuntary servi- tude; and any person, company, or corporation so violating Penalty. the provisions of this Act shall forfeit all charters, grants, 236 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. porations. franchises, and concessions for doing business in said Islands, and in addition shall be deemed guilty of an offense, and shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten thousand dollars. Real estate SEC. 75. That no corporation shall be authorized to holdings of cor- conduct the business of buying and selling real estate or be permitted to hold or own real estate except such as may be reasonably necessary to enable it to carry out the Maximum. purposes for which it is created, and every corporation authorized to engage in agriculture shall by its charter be restricted to the ownership and control of not to exceed one thousand and twenty-four hectares of land; and it shall be unlawful for any member of a corporation engaged in agriculture or mining and for any corporation organized for any purpose except irrigation to be in any wise inter- ested in any other corporation engaged in agriculture or in mining. Corporations, however, may loan funds upon real-estate security and purchase real estate when necessary for the collection of loans, but they shall dispose of real estate so obtained within five years after receiving the title. Corporations not organized in the Philippine Islands, and doing business therein, shall be bound by the provisions of this section so far as they are applicable. Loans. Coinage. COINAGE. Establishment SEC. 76. That the government of the Philippine Islands of a mint at Ma. nila authorized. is hereby authorized to establish a mint at the city of Manila, in said islands, for coinage purposes, and the coins hereinafter authorized may be coined at said mint. And the said government is hereby authorized to enact Proviso. laws necessary for such establishment: Provided, That the United States laws of the United States relating to mints and coinage, laws applicable. Ti so far as applicable, are hereby extended to the coinage of said islands. Coinage of sub- SEC. 77. That the government of the Philippine Islands sidiary silver is authorized to coin, for use in said islands, a coin of the coins. denomination of fifty centavos and of the weight of one hundred and ninety-two and nine-tenth grains, a coin of the denomination of twenty centavos and of the weight of seventy-seven and sixteen one-hundredths grains, and a coin of the denomination of ten centavos and of the weight of thirty-eight and fifty-eight one-hundredths grains, and the standard of said silver coins shall be such that of one thousand parts by weight nine hundred shall be of pure metal and one hundred of alloy, and the alloy shall be of copper. Purchase of SEC. 78. That the subsidiary silver coins authorized by bullion. the preceding section shall be coined under the authority of the government of the Philippine Islands in such amounts as it may determine, with the approval of the Secretary of War of the United States, from silver bullion purchased by said government, with the approval of the Secretary GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 237 Proviso. Recoining metal. of War of the United States: Provided, That said govern- ment may in addition and in its discretion recoin the Span- Spanish Filipino ish Filipino dollars and subsidiary silver coins issued under i dollars, etc. the authority of the Spanish Government for use in said islands into the subsidiary coins provided for in the pre- ceding section at such rate and under such regulations as it may prescribe, and the subsidiary silver coins author- ized by this section shall be legal tender in said islands to the amount of ten dollars. Sec. 79. That the government of the Philippine Islands Minor coins. is also authorized to issue minor coins of the denomina- tions of one-half centavo, one centavo, and five centavos, and such minor coins shall be legal tender in said islands for amounts not exceeding one dollar. The alloy of the five-centavo piece shall be of copper and nickel, to be com- posed of three-fourths copper and one-fourth nickel. The Alloy alloy of the one-centavo and one-half-centavo pieces shall be ninety-five per centum of copper and five per centum of tin and zinc, in such proportions as shall be determined by said government. The weight of the five-centavo pie shall be seventy-seven and sixteen-hundredths grains troy, and of the one-centavo piece eighty grains troy, and of the one-half-centavo piece forty grains troy. SEC. 80. That for the purchase of metal for the subsid-Purchase of iary and minor coinage, authorized by the preceding sec- tions, an appropriation may be made by the government of the Philippine Islands from its current funds, which shall be reimbursed from the coinage under said sections; and the gain or seigniorage arising therefrom shall be paid into the treasury of said Islands SEC. 81. That the subsidiary and minor coinage here- Place of coin- age optional. inbefore authorized may be coined at the mint of the government of the Philippine Islands at Manila, or ar- rangements may be made by the said government with the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States for their coinage at any of the mints of the United States, at a charge covering the reasonable cost of the work. SEC. 82. That the subsidiary and minor coinage herein- scripticas Devices and in- before authorized shall bear devices and inscriptions to be prescribed by the government of the Philippine Islands and such devices and inscriptions shall express the sover- eignty of the United States, that it is a coin of the Philip- pine Islands, the denomination of the coin, and the year of the coinage. SEC. 83. That the government of the Philippine Islands Redemption and reissue of shall have the power to make all necessary appropriations defective coins, d all proper regulations for the redemption and reissue of worn or defective coins and for carrying out all other provisions of this Act relating to coinage. and United States SEC. 84. That the laws relating to entry, clearance, and Unite "shipping, cus- manifests of steamships and other vessels arriving from toms, etc., laws made applica- or going to foreign ports shall apply to voyages each way me. between the Philippine Islands and the United States and the possessions thereof, and all laws relating to the col- etc. 238 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. cers. of passengers tries. Customs du-lection and protection of customs duties not inconsistent ties. with the Act of Congress of March eighth, nineteen hun- dred and two, “temporarily to provide revenue for the Philippine Islands," shall apply in the case of vessels and goods arriving from said Islands in the United States and its aforesaid possessions. Seamen on for- The laws relating to seamen on foreign voyages shall eign voyages. Customs ofi- apply to seamen on vessels going from the United States cers substituted for consular off and its possessions aforesaid to said Islands, the customs officers there being for this purpose substituted for con- sular officers in foreign ports. Transportation The provisions of chapters six and seven, title forty- and merchan-eight, Revised Statutes, so far as now in force, and any 11og book en amendments thereof, shall apply to vessels making voyages 407either way between ports of the United States or its afore- R.S., secs.4252- 4292, pp. 820-828. said possessions and ports in said Islands; and the pro- visions of law relating to the public health and quarantine shall apply in the case of all vessels entering a port of the United States or its aforesaid possessions from said Islands, where the customs officers at the port of departure shall perform the duties required by such law of consular officers in foreign ports. Transit of mer- Section three thousand and five, Revised Statutes, as "R. S., sec. 3005, amended, and other existing laws concerning the transit p. 579. of merchandise through the United States, shall apply to merchandise arriving at any port of the United States destined for any of its insular and continental possessions, or destined from any of them to foreign countries Former laws Nothing in this Act shall be held to repeal or alter any continued. part of the Act of March eighth, nineteen hundred and two, aforesaid, or to apply to Guam, Tutuila, or Manua, except that section eight of an Act entitled "An Act to Equivalent revise and amend the tariff laws of the Philippine Archi- rates of money. pelago,” enacted by the Philippine Commission on the seventeenth of September, nineteen hundred and one, and approved by an Act entitled “An Act temporarily to pro- vide revenues for the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes," approved March eighth, nineteen hundred and two, is hereby amended so as to authorize the Civil Goy- ernor thereof in his discretion to establish the equivalent rates of the money in circulation in said Islands with the money of the United States as often as once in ten days. Depositories of SEC. 85. That the treasury of the Philippine Islands public money. and such banking associations in said islands with a paid up capital of not less than two million dollars and char- tered by the United States or any State thereof as may be designated by the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States shall be depositories of public money of the United States, subject to the pro- visions of existing law governing such depositories in the Proviso. United States: Provided, That the treasury of the gov- Deposit ofernment of said islands shall not be required to deposit bonds, etc., not required. bonds in the Treasury of the United States, or to give other specific securities for the safe-keeping of public GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 239 money except as prescribed, in his discretion, by the Sec- retary of War. SEC. 86. That all laws passed by the government of the Right to annul Philippine Islands shall be reported to Congress, which by Congress. hereby reserves the power and authority to annul the same, and the Philippine Commission is hereby directed to make annual report of all its receipts and expenditures to the Secretary of War. BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS. Bureau of In- sular Affairs, c f the Business sub- ject to jurisdic- SEC. 87. That the Division of Insular Affairs of the War Department, organized by the Secretary of War, is tion of War De- hereby continued until otherwise provided, and shall here-partment. after be known as the Bureau of Insular Affairs of the War Department. The business assigned to said Bureau shall embrace all matters pertaining to civil government in the island possessions of the United States subject to the jurisdiction of the War Department; and the Secretary of Chief of Bu- War is hereby authorized to detail an officer of the Army reau. whom he may consider especially well qualified, to act under the authority of the Secretary of War as the chief of said Rank. Bureau; and said officer while acting under said detail shall have the rank, pay, and allowances of a colonel. SEC. 88. That all Acts and parts of Acts inconsistent Repeal. with this Act are hereby repealed. Approved, July 1, 1902. PROCLAMATION OF AMNESTY. On July 4, 1902, the government of the Philippine Islands promulgated the following proclamation by the President of the United States, granting full and complete pardon and amnesty to all persons, as therein set forth, for political offenses committed in the islands: BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, Many of the inhabitants of the Philippine Archipelago were in insurrection against the authority and sovereignty of the Kingdom of Spain at divers times from August, eighteen hundred and ninety-six, until the cession of the archipelago by that Kingdom to the United States of America, and since such cession many of the persons so engaged in insurrection have until recently resisted the authority and sovereignty of the United States; and Whereas, The insurrection against the authority and sovereignty of the United States is now at an end, and peace has been established in all parts of the archipelago 240 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. except in the country inhabited by the Moro tribes, to which this proclamation does not apply; and Whereas, During the course of the insurrection against the Kingdom of Spain and against the Government of the United States, persons engaged therein, or those in sym- pathy with and abetting them, committed many acts in violation of the laws of civilized warfare; but it is believed that such acts were generally committed in ignorance of those laws, and under orders issued by the civil or insur- rectionary leaders; and Whereas, It is deemed to be wise and humane, in accord- ance with the beneficent purposes of the Government of the United States towards the Filipino people, and con- ducive to peace, order, and loyalty among them, that the doers of such acts who have not already suffered punish- ment shall not be held criminally responsible, but shall be relieved from punishment for participation in these insur- rections and for unlawful acts committed during the course thereof by a general amnesty and pardon; Now, therefore, be it known that I, THEODORE ROOSE- VELT, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the power and authority vested in me by the Consti- tution, do hereby proclaim and declare without reserva- tion or condition, except as hereinafter provided, a full and complete pardon and amnesty to all persons in the Philippine Archipelago who have participated in the insur- rections aforesaid or who have given aid and comfort to persons participating in said insurrections for the offenses of treason or sedition and for all offenses political in their character committed in the course of such insurrections pursuant to orders issued by the civil or military insur- rectionary authorities, or which grew out of internal political feuds or dissensions, between Filipinos and Span- iards, or the Spanish authorities, or which resulted from internal political feuds or dissensions among the Filipinos themselves during either of said insurrections; Provided, however, That the pardon and amnesty hereby granted shall not include such persons committing crimes since May first, nineteen hundred and two, in any province of the archipelago in which at the time civil government was established, nor shall it include such persons as have been heretofore finally convicted of the crimes of murder, rape, arson or robbery, by any military or civil tribunal organized under the authority of Spain, or of the United States of America, but special application may be made to the proper authority for pardon by any person belonging to the exempted classes and such clemency as is consistent with humanity and justice will be liberally extended; and Further provided, That this amnesty and pardon shall not affect the title or right of the Government of the United States, or that of the Philippine Islands to any property or property rights heretofore used or appropriated by the military or civil authorities of the Government of the UNITED STATES REFRIGERATING AND ICE PLANT, ON THE SOUTH BANK OF PÁSIG RIVER, NEAR THE BRIDGE OF SPAIN, MANILA, LUZÓN. - TRACKING SYSTEM IN COOLERS. / ang 2 floor U.S. REFRIGERATING and ICE MAKING PLANT - MANILA Pirinimnine Iseenes. Sesle %* = sbort fo' platform flow only STILE 78. ay · hari r Fecting in cooler Nove to be sane »s coors / P47 O Marta TAGALOG BOYS CARRYING VEGETABLES TO MANILA, LUZON. GROUP OF TAGÁLOGS CARRYING MILK INTO MANILA, LUZÓN. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 241 United States, or that of the Philippine Islands, organized under authority of the United States by way of confisca- tion or otherwise; and . Provided further, That every person who shall seek to avail hmself of this proclamation shall take and subscribe the following oath before any authority in the Philippine Archipelago authorized to administer oaths, namely: “1, — - , solemnly swear (or affirm) that I recog- nize and accept the supreme authority of the United States of America in the Philippine Islands and will maintain true faith and allegiance thereto; that I impose upon myself this obligation voluntarily without mental reservation or purpose of evasion. So help me God.” Given under my hand at the City of Washington this fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and two, and in the one hundred and twenty- seventh year of the Independence of the United States. THEODORE ROOSEVELT. By the President: ELIHU Root, Secretary of War. S. Doc. 280— 16* INDEX TO THE STATUTE OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ["An act temporarily to provide for the administration of the affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes." Fifty-seventh Congress, first session, U.S.A.) 239 216 240 . ....... 215 PCIUL SCODIOVISUL ....................... Page. Acts, or parts of, inconsistent with this act, repealed........ Admiralty jurisdiction, not to be changed except by act of Congress....... Amnesty and pardon deemed in accordance with the beneficent purposes of the government of the United States toward the Filipino people....... not to affect right or title of the government in national or insular prop- erty acquired by way of confiscation ...... Amnesty, proclamation of, July 4, 1902: Applicable to all persons in the Philippine Archipelago in insurrection against the kingdom of Spain or the United States of America, or who have given aid and comfort to persons so engaged, not to include persons committing crimes after May 1, 1902, or persons con- victed of crime by any military or civil tribunal under authority of Spain or the United States of America....... 239 Exempted classes may make special applications for pardon..... 240 Title or right of the Government of the United States or of the Philippine Islands to confis- cated property not affected ... 240 Form of oath to be taken under this proclamation ... 240 Appeal to United States Supreme Court in all cases in which the Constitution or statutes are involved ......... 216 Jurisdiction accorded.... 217 Appointment of justices and judges (see Justices and judges)..... 216 Appointments, future civil ... 212 Appropriation to be made by law...... 214 Assembly, annual sessions of ...... 215 freedom of, guaranteed .... 214 members of, eligibility of .... 215 terms of office.... 215 Philippine, how constituted, membership . 215 powers, duties of, and parliamentary practice 216 provisions for expenses of..... special sessions of ... 215 Bail, except for capital offenses .... 213 excessive, prohibited........ 214 Bill of attainder, enactment of, prohibited.... 213 Bonds, municipal (see Public improvements) ... 233 Bureau of Insular Affairs 239 Bureau subject to jurisdiction of War Department. Detail of officer of Army to act under Secretary of War as chief of bureau.. 239 • Rank............................ Census Bureau, aid of, upon request of Commission, in discretion of the President .. 142 to be taken, when conditions satisfactory and certified to the President, etc., for approval. 214 Citizenship as applied to former Spanish subjects... 213 Civil appointments, future...... 212 Civil government, "An act temporarily to provide for the affairs of, in Philippine Islands, and other purposes" ..... 212 instructions, Executive orders, and acts ratified.. 212 creating Philippine Commission, etc., April 7, 1900...... 212 creating offices of civil and vice-civil governors, etc., June 21, 1901... 212 establishing, four executive departments, etc., act of Philippine Commis sion, September 6, 1901...... 212 islands to be governed as herein provided...... 212 Civil governor, creation of office of, confirmed....... 212 exercise of powers of government by him, under Executive order June 21, 1901 un authorized ... 212 to be appointed by the President with advice and consent of the Senate .. 212 Claims, mining. (See Mining claims and mineral lands.) Coinage, Philippine: Establishment of a mint at Manila, by law of the Philippine Commission and under its authority ....... 236 United States laws relating to mints and coinage extended as far as applicable ... 236 Of subsidiary silver coins, in pieces of 50, 20, and 10 centavos of standard value stated, to be legal tender in the islands for $10 ... 236 Purchase of silver bullion .. 236 Recoinage of Spanish-Filipino dollars.... Minor coins of one-half and 1 centavo and 5 centavos value, metal and alloy stated. to be a legal tender in the islands for the sum of $1... 239 239 243 244 INDEX TO STATUTE OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 239 213 Page. Coinage, Philippine-Continued. Metal, alloy, and weight designated ...... 237 Purchase of metal for subsidiary and minor coinage.. 237 Seignorage to be paid into the insular treasury 237 Subsidiary and minor coinage may be coined in the mint at Manila or in United States mints .......... 237 Devices and inscriptions...... 237 Redemption and reissue of defective coins.... 237 Coins, Philippine (see Coinage)... 236 Commercial intercourse during hostilities ...... 213 President to regulate and control until otherwise provided by Congress. 213 Commissioners (see Resident commissioners) .. 216 Congress, right to annul all laws reserved by Constitution and laws of the United States not applicable in 212 Contracts, obligations of, protected...... Corporations, real estate holdings of (see Franchises). 235 wherever organized, subject to the act ... 236 Courts (see Supreme court; Municipal court)...... 216 Criminal offense, no person answerable without due process of law... 213 not to be tried for the same twice.... 213 prosecution, right of hearing witness, etc., to be enforced. 213 Customs laws- Not inconsistent with act of Congress March 8, 1902, to apply to vessels and goods from said islands in the United States and possessions... 237 Of the United States made applicable to the islands 237 Customs duties in case of vessels of goods arriving from the islands in the United States.... 237 Seamen on foreign voyages, laws relating to, apply to seamen on vessels going from United States and possessions to the Philippine Islands...... 238 Customs officers for this purpose substituted for consular offices in foreign ports..... Transportation of passengers and merchandise.... Health and quarantine, laws relating to, applicable to all vessels entering a port of the United States or its possessions from said islands, where customs officers, at port of depar- ture shall perform duties of consular officers in foreign ports ........... 238 Transit of merchandise ......... 238 Laws, certain former, continued. 238 Money, equivalent rates of ... 238 Debts, imprisonment for, prohibited .. 213 Declaration of rights.......... 213 Definition of mineral lands....... 219 Departments, executive. (See Executive departments.) Duties and taxes (see Tariff of) ... 212 Elections, general, how to be conducted.... 214 Election districts, public notice of their division to be given. 215 Electors, qualifications of. 215 Eminent domain, right of Enacting clause, by the Philippine Commission, form of, for laws by...... 212 form of, in Revised Statutes, not to apply to Philippine Islands.. 212 Executive departments: Establishment of, authorized .. 212 Heads of, to be appointed by President, with advice and consent of the Senate.. 212 Ex post facto law, enactment of, prohibited 213 Fine, excessive, prohibited. Franchises: Government authorized to grant, subject to amendment or repeal by Congress ........ 235 Private property to be paid for .... 235 Subject to amendment by Congress......... 235 Stocks or bonds to be issued only for cash or property of equal value.... Stock or bond dividends prohibited ....... Inspection of books........... 235 Percentage of gross earnings to be paid into the treasury of the island, province, or munici- pality in which franchise is granted or exercised .. 235 Forfeiture and fine in case of employment or contract for labor of persons held in involun- tary servitude....... 235 Penalty .... 235 Real estate holdings of corporations.... 235 Limitations and privileges of corporations and members defined 236 Loans, act to apply to corporations wherever organized.. 236 Freedom of speech, press, assembly, and petition guaranteed.. 214 religious, in the islands forever allowed.. 214 Forests: Protection of... 218 Laws and regulations continued...... 219 Moneys derived from to be turned into the insular treasury 219 Timber licenses required..... 219 General elections, how to be conducted ... 214 Government of the islands may acquire real and personal property for public uses by right of eminent domain.... 232 Government of Philippine Islands to provide for the needs of commerce....... 217 Governor (see Civil governor).... Governor, vice. (See Vice-governor.) Habeas corpus, writs of not to be suspended except as defined herein .. Harbors (see Rivers and harbors)....... 217 Homesteads, limitation to 16 hectares (39.536 United States acres)..... 217 Improvements. (See Public improvements.) Inhabitants in insurrection against Spain from August, 1896, until the cession to the United States of America and since in resistance thereto pardoned.. 239 Insular Affairs [ske Bureau of).... 239 Judges, appointment of, by the governor with consent of the Philippine Commission 216 Justices, supreme court appointment of, by the President with the consent of the Senate . 216 Lands, public (see Public lands).. 217 232 214 235 035 212 213 INDEX TO STATUTE OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 245 220 :20 S............. 220 221 222 222 Page, Lands, of religious orders, and others, may be acquired, by the government of the Philippine Islands ... 232 and disposition of (see Religious orders) ...... 232 Laws, all may be annulled by Congress. 238 equal protection of, guaranteed.... 213 Legislative assembly of two houses established, the Philippine Commission and Philippine assembly............... 215 Life, liberty, etc., protection to.... 213 Licenses, timber. (See Forests.) Location of mineral claims.......... Manila bonds. (See Public improvements.) Marking lines of mineral claims; examples of various modes of laying out claims 220 Members of Philippine assembly...... 215 how apportioned....... 215 Mill sites of limited area may be leased for timber purposes... 219 Minerals on unpatented agricultural lands.. 219 Mineral lands: Reserved from sale except as directed by law.. 219 Purchase, etc., by citizens. 219 Minerals on unpatented agricultural lands.. 219 Locating of mineral claims.... 220 Regulations...... 220 Demarcation of claims..... Marking of lines of claims.... Surveys .... .. ... Examples of laying out claims.... 221 Unlawful to move No. 1 post. Deputy no authority to extend claim Location lines... Holder of claim entitled to all minerals within the same, and rights under previous recognized...... Claims of full size........ Affidavits necessary to recording of claims. Application and affidavits. Fractional claims... Declaration.... 221 Description ...... Sketch plan..... 222 Innocent noncompliance with regulations considered 222 Demarcation of difficult claims.. Recording claims...... 222 Priority of location, how determined.... 223 Limited to one claim on the same vein or lode....... 223 Abandonment of claim.. 223 Proofs of citizenship...... how to be established ...... Mining regulations to be made by United States Philips ne Commission not in conflict the act..... 223 Assessments....... 223 Relocation on noncompliance with regulations. Delinquent part owners ...... 223 Assessment period ....... 223 Patents ........ 224 Application, noted....... 224 Publication by mining reporter .. 224 Filing of affidavit...... 224 Issue of patent in noncontested claims...... Nonresidents ............... 225 Nonresidents, proof of citizenship, how to be established. 225 Covering adverse claims, during period of publication.. 225 Proceedings by adverse claimants.... 225 Certified copy of judgment, payment ........ Payments...... Issuance of patents ....... Oaths............... . Interest of several persons in one claim. 226 Title ........................ 226 Alienation of title .... 226 Claims upon surveyed lands.. Claims on unsurveyed land. 226 Building-stone entries... Petroleum or other mineral oil entries. Placer claims .... Placer claims not to exceed 64 hectares .. Placer claims on surveyed lands, and to conform with legal subdivisions require no further survey ........ .. . 227 Establishment of rights to patents.. 227 Prior lien not affected .... Deputy surveyors, appointment of... Expenses .... Charges defined ... 227 228 Verification of affidavits... 228 Testimony.... Contests ......... Patent of nonmineral lands for milling Mill-site patents ....... Government of the islands may provide rules for working, policing, sanitation, etc.. mines not inconsistent with the act. Bonds of deputy mineral surveyors... Protection to yested water rights..... 223 223 CITY 224 225 2:25 226 226 226 227 227 246 INDEX TO STATUTE OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 229 229 29 229 230 231 219 214 Page. Mineral lands-Continued. Damages....... 229 All patents subject to vested water rights ...... 229 Land districts to be established .. 229 Coal-land entries ... Limits ....... Minimum price........ Entries.... Preference right of entry..... 229 Claims must be presented within 60 days.. Declaration of meaning of three preceding sections 230 Saline lands....... 230 Conflicting claims on coul lands..... 230 Saline lands, how to proceed concerning .. 230 Auction sales to the highest bidder .... 230 Private sales.... 231 Proclamation of sales.... 231 Mineral lands reserved from grant for public works. Prior mining concessions not affected. 231 Marking boundary lines........... 231 Mining rights in future only to be acquired under provisions of this act .. 231 Cancellations of perfected Spanish concessions...... 231 Proceedings ..... 231 Mining claims, matter and conditions under which may be located, how to be measured, limits of area and form of boundary .... Mint, Manila (see Coinage)..... 236 Money, public depositories of... 238 Deposit of bonds not required. 238 Moro tribes, not included in proclamation of July 4, 1902. 240 Moros excluded from general elections...... 215 Municipal courts, jurisdiction, etc...... 216 Natives protected in actual possession or occupancy of public lands. 218 Navigation, protection to....... 217 Nobility, title of, the granting of, prohibited.... 213 Nonchristian tribes excluded from general elections..... 215 Oath, form of, to be taken under proclamation of July 4, 1902..... 240 Occupancy of public lands, prior right on, alone limited to 16 hectares in any one tract 218 Pardon, not to include persons committing crimes since May 1, 1902, where civil government was established nor persons convicted of crimes by military or civil tribunals under Spain or the United States. Special application may be made..... 240 Patents, issuance of, for public lands...... 218 Persons in sympathy with and abetting insurrection, pardoned ... 240 Petition, freedom of, guaranteed..... Philippine citizenship ..... 213 Philippine coinage (see Coinage)....... Philippine Commission: Acts of, under instruction of President, April 7, 1900, confirmed .... 212 Confirming action of President in creating..... 212 Legislative functions .......... 215 Members of the, to be appointed by the President with advice and consent of the Senate .. 212 Present from King, etc., acceptance of, by officials in islands prohibited without consent of Con- gress........ 213 President, confirming action of, in creating Philippine Commission........ President of the United States grants a full and complete pardon and amnesty to all persons in the Philippine Archipelago for all offenses political in their character in course of such insurrections and under the con- ditions proclaimed .............. 240 to regulate and control commercial intercourse with and within said islands as he may deem most conducive to public interest. 212 Press, freedom of, guaranteed ...................... 214 Private bills, to embrace but one subject expressed in the bill..... 214 Proclamation (see Amnesty proclamation.. 241 Products, forest, permits required for removal of ........ 219 Property and rights acquired by the United States in the islands to be administered by the gov- ernment of the islands for the benefit of the inhabitants. Military and other reservations excepted....... 217 Public improvements, funds for, by issue, municipal bonds for, sewer, drainage facilities, water, and municipal betterments generally, subject to approval of the President and Congress.... Limitations, terms, and conditions proposed...... 233 Denomination of bonds....... 233 Interest ..... 233 Exempt from taxes..... 233 Use of funds received from sale of bonds... 233 Municipal taxes to pay bond obligations and to provide a sinking fund. 234 Reimbursements of the government of the Philippine Islands by municipality under certain conditions .... 234 Manila, city of, with consent of the government of the islands and approval of the President, may issue bonds for sewer, water supply, etc..... 234 Limit of indebtedness .. 234 Denomination of bonds.. 234 Interest ........ Exempt from taxes........ 234 Funds to be applied to purposes for which raised . 234 Reimbursement of funds paid by the islands government, by levy and collection of taxes on the city.. 235 Public lands: Classification of......... 217 Disposal of........ To be approved by the President To be ratified by Congress. 236 212 233 ............ . 234 INDEX TO STATUTE OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 247 214 232 232 233 Page. Public lands-Continued. General legislation by government of Philippine Islands, for sale and conveyance to actual settlers on other than timber or mineral lands..... 218 Limit of such sales to any one person or to any corporation or association of persons.... 218 Occupied prior to August 13, 1898. 218 Exceptions.. 217 Regulations... 217 Homesteads....... 217 Perfecting titles by present owners. 218 Issuance of patents ...... 218 Limit of sales to settlers.... 218 Occupancy, improvement, etc.. 218 Preference to actual occupants. 218 Natives .... 218 Limit of area....... 218 Protection of forests ...... 218 Use of receipts... 219 Forest laws, etc., continued.. 219 Timber licenses... 219 Basis of water privileges.... 219 Public money, deposits of (see Money, public) 238 Punishment, unusual, prohibited.. 214 Purchased, mineral lands may be. 219 Religious freedom forever allowed .... Religious orders and others, lands of: Authority conferred to acquire real and personal property by right of eminent domain.. 232 Acquisition of property of religious orders, etc.. 232 These powers may be exercised in other cases ... 232 Issue of bonds authorized.... 232 Denomination ... 232 Interest ........ 232 Exempt from taxes...... Land so acquired to constitute part of the public property of the Philippine Islands, and may be sold, leased, etc., subject to limitations and conditions of this act Deferred payments.. 233 Use of proceeds .... Preference rights of settlers..... 233 Repeal of acts or parts of acts inconsistent with this act 239 Representative districts........ 215 Representation, how to be apportioned-minimum. 215 Resident commissioners to the United States.. 216 Salaries ....... 216 Eligibility of..... 216 Revenue law not affected .. 212 Revised Statutes not applicable to the Philippine Islands (sec. 1891, Revised Statutes, 1878). 212 Rights, declaration of ....... 213 Right of way may be granted for timber purposes.. 219 Rivers and harbors, improvements of ........ 217 Sales of public lands, conditions of occupancy and improvements.. 218 Sale of mineral lands reserved except directed by law...... 219 Settlers on public lands to have preference...... 218 limits of sale to.... 218 Spanish subjects, conditions of citizenship... 213 Searches and seizures, unreasonable, prohibited ... 214 Search warrants must be specific, under oath, as to cause, place, and person or thing to be seized. 214 Seizures, protection against unreasonable.... 214 Servitude, involuntary, except as punishment for crime after conviction, prohibited. 214 Shipping laws of the United States made applicable to the islands.. Slavery prohibited in the islands.. 214 Special taxes (see Taxes, special).. 214 Supreme Court: Jurisdiction of .. 216 Appointment of judges of, by the President to be confirmed by the Senate ............. 216 Tariff of duties and taxes, not to amend or repeal acts of March 8, 1902, temporarily providing revenue for the Philippine Islands...... 212 action of the government of the Philippine Islands in accordance with President's orders July 12, 1898, and subsequent amend- ment confirmed .... 212 President under his order of July 12, 1898, levying and col- lecting the same as set forth in Philippine Islands under occupation and possession of United States forces con- firmed. 212 214 Taxation to be uniform.. Taxes: Special, a special fund for specified purpose only....... 214 (See Tariff of duty and taxes.) Timber, permits required for removal of, and forest products........ 219 Titles to public lands, perfecting, by present owner, and issuing patents. 218 Trial only by due process of law..... 213 Vice-governor: 212 Creation of office of, confirmed ...... Exercise of powers of government by, under Executive order June 21, 1901, authorized.. 212 212 To be appointed by the President with advice and consent of the Senate... Warrants, search. (See Search warrants.) Water privileges, basis of........... 219 Water rights, rules and regulations, and reservations to protect water supply.. 219 Witness, no person to be, against himself in criminal case..... Writ of habeas corpus. (See Habeas corpus.) Del P P OSES......................... 237 213 INDEX. උය උය උය උය 74 168 u Page. Abra, area, mainland and dependent islands .... Province ... ...... 155, 157 (See Abra, Gazetteer.) Population ....... By pueblos .......... Towns..................... Abaca, production of... Administrative duties of the Comm distribution of.. Agava, growth of..... Agriculture, staples of ...... (See Vegetables.) Produets (See Economic classification.) Soils of the islands of the archipelago... 70 Specially selected list of works on ....... 174 Aguisip (bancuro) production of........... Aguinaldo, capture of....... 146 Breach of faith with the United States.. 168 Proceedings of rump government of..... Promptly disposed of by United States military operations......... ......... 168, 169 Alazor (safflower) production of 74 Albay, area, mainland and dependent islands .............. Province ........... .......... 155, 157 (See Albay, Gazetteer.) Bay of....... Population ... By pueblos .. Towns...... Transferred to civil administration...... 154 Alcohol, manufacture of... Alkaline springs ......... Almácigas, production of (see Gums) ...... Alphabets, Philippine: By the Indians........ By the colonists.... Characteristics of ..... Moro, Arabic style .... Ambos Camarines, area, mainland and de- pendent islands .. Province .............. .......... 155, 157 (See Ambos Camarines, Gazetteer.) Population ..... By pueblos ....... 36 Towns..... 27 Amburayan, subprovince of ... ........ 155, 157 Amnesty: Notice of .... 136 Offered ... 140 Amnesty proclamation of July 4, 1902.....: 239 Amount voluntarily a warded Spain for the Philippine Islands in deciding terms of peace.. Anam and Lou (France) (Indo-China), com- parative view of..... Ananaples, production of ..... Añil (Indigo), production of.. Antimony, deposits of, reported Antique (Panay), area, mainland and de- pendent islands ...... 6 Province.... 155, 156, 157 (See Antique, Gazetteer; Panay Population ... By pueblos ...... 32 Towns.... Transferred to civil administration ...... 154 a escono acuure OL................... Page. Archipelago (see Philippine Archipelago; Eastern Archipelago) .. Manila ................................. 183, 185 Philippine Islands within the treaty lines of boundary, giving land and water and total... Land area defined... Comparison of land area with States of the United States........ What the boundary of the Philippines superimposed upon a map of the United States would cover ........... Comparison of area of the Philippine Archipelago with certain countries of Europe .......... Geographical relation of the principal islands and groups of the Archipelago to each other... Grand territorial divisions of the Archi- pelago areas, mainland and depend- ent islands.......... Islands and provinces, mainland and dependent islands and areas....... Luzónprovinces (see alphabetical list) .......... Marinduque............ Mindanao Provinces (see alphabetical list).. Mindoro.. Palawan .... Sulu Archipelago.. Visayan Islands(see alphabetical list). Calamianes group ....... Cuyos group....... Areas given in accepted authorities........ 6, 158 Colonial possessions, comparative view of territories and populations possessed by the western nations in the regions of the globe surrounding the Philip- pine Islands. United States. Great Britain. France ..... Germany.... Netherlands...... Portugal.... Comparison of areas and populations of surrounding colonial possessions of other nations... Aromatic plants: Betel or Itmó.. Chocolate. Cinnamon. Coffee ..... Mace........ Nutmeg ..... Pepper ............................. Tobacco .. Army, operations of..... 135 Campaign in northern Luzón . 136 Occupation and government. 131-146 74 Arrow root, production of ..... Architectural facilities, Manila 185 Asid bay of .... Asphalt, deposits of Atmospheric pressure .. Autonomy, Philippine, a Spanish scheme .... 73, 74 82 27 27 of..... 249 250 INDEX. 136 154 137 74 74 27 155, 157 Page. Babuyanes, area, mainland............. 5,155, 157 (See Cagayán and Babuyanes, Gazetteer.) Population Towns.. 27 Bacolod, Negros, occupied as a base of oper- ations ..... 136 Constitutional convention held ... Constitution framed and transmitted to the President.............. 136 Appointment of military and civil goy- ernor ......... 136, Bacauan, product of Bageang, product of .... Balábac, most westerly and southwesterly island of the Philippine Islands..... Area mainland and dependent islands.. 157, 158 Population ... By pueblos .... Towns......... Light-houses ....... 109 Balanguingui group, area mainland and dependent islands..... (See Balanguingui group, Gazetteer.) Population ...... Towns....... Balanti, production of... Balayán, bay of........ Bamboo, growth of and product. Bancuro, production of. Banga, product of ........ Basilan, area, mainland and dependent islands......... ....... 5, 156, 157 (See Basilan, Gazetteer.) Population ... By pueblos ................... 40 Towns... Bataan area, mainland and dependent islands.. Province ...... 155 (See Bataan, Gazetteer.) Population ... By pueblos ...... Towns........... Minerals..... Transferred to civil administration Batad (see Sorghum).. Batanes, area, mainland ............... 5,155 (See Cagayán and Batanes, Gazetteer.) Population By pueblos Towns........... Batangas, area mainland and dependent islands ......... Province ...... ....... 155, 157 (See Batangas, Gazetteer.) Bay of ...... 16 Population .... By pueblos. Towns...... 27 Restored to military control .. 154 Ports closed to trade ... 154 Ports opened for resumption of trade 154 Bays and harbors.... Bejuco, production of Benguet, area. Province ........ (See Benguet, Gazetteer.) Population. By pueblos Towns....... Organization of ...... Transferred to civil administration .. 154 Benne seed (Ajonjolí), production of ...... Betel, production of........ Biac-na-Bato, Pacto de (see Pacto de Biac- Na-Bató) ....... Part of money held on deposit subse- quently used against the United States. Bibliography, Catálogo Biblioteca Filipina, Retana. Dialects ...... Selected list of books by best authors .... Agriculture, specially selected list..... 174, 175 Bicols, number and territory of. Binondo, Manila .. Birds (see list of) ... Page Bohol, area, mainland and dependent islands. Province ...... ............ 155, 157 (See Bohol, Gazetteer.) Population... By pueblos ... Towns. Minerals...... 85 Restored to military control 154 Returned to civil control... Bontoc, area, mainland .... Subprovince....... 155, 167 (See Bontoc, Gazetteer.) Population ...... By pueblos ............................. Towns........... Borneo (Netherlands), East Indies, com- parative view of............ Borneo (Great Britain), comparative view of Boundaries of the Philippine Archipelago, and showing nearest points of surround- ing possessions of foreign countries, and between Asia and Oceania ....... Treaty lines described, located, and meas- ured in nautical or geographical and statute miles .... Boundaries, Manila .. 185 Boundaries of the Philippine Islands com- pared with an equal area in the United States......... Building trades.. Bulacan, area, mainland and dependent islands...... Province .............. ......... 155, 157 (See Bulacan, Gazetteer.) Population ... By pueblos ..... Towns..... Transferred to civil administration 154 Bureau of Insular Affairs.. 239 Buri, production of..... 74, 75 Burias, area, mainland and dependent islands........ (See Masbate; see Burias, Gazetteer.) Population ... By pueblos ... Towns.............................. Light-houses..... Business districts, Manila .. Cable communications, Signal Corps lines. (See Telegraph communications.) Military cables- List of, and their length........ Commercial cables ...... Cabinet woods, imports of, into the United States year ending June 30, 1901. Cabo negro, production of.... Cabra Island light-house.. Cagayán, area mainland ... Province ...... 155, (See Cagayán, Gazetteer.) Population .... By pueblos ..... Towns........... Cagayanes, number and territory of ....... Cagayan Sulu and dependencies. Spain re- linquishes all title and claim in to the United States by treaty and receives a voluntary consideration...... Area mainland and dependent islands.. 157, 158 Population ... Towns.......... Calamianes, area mainland and dependent islands, province of Paragua ....... 6, 156, 158 (See Calamianes, Gazetteer.) Population ..... By pueblos Towns........ Paragua, part of province...... Camona, production of ... Camoting cahoy, production of ... Cápiz (Panay), area mainland and depend- ent islands.. Province ... .... 156, 157 (See Panay; also Cápiz, Gazetteer.) 5, 156, 158 5 153 168 156 ela DRLIECES..................... 66 188 170 INDEX. 251 27 Bicols Towns.... civil administrati 27 66 82 71 127 Page. Pago Cápiz (Panay)--Continued. Civilized races, their number and territory Population ....... occupied-Continued. By pueblos .. 36 Cagayanes... Transferred to civil administration ..... 154 Ilocanos.... Captures ana surrenders of insurgent leaders 154 Moros........ Captures of insurgent material of war...... 146 Pampangos. Capul light-house .. 109 Pangasinans.... Carigara, Bay of.... ............. 16 Tagálogs........ 66 Caroline Islands (Germany), comparative Visayans.......... 66 view of ......... Civil service.... 159, 204-207 Carrying trade, vessels doing the ........ 117, 118 Clays, deposits of, valuable. Cassava, guccu, or camoting cahoy, pro- Climate............... .. 12, 13, 14 duction of... ............. Cloth, manufacture of....... Castor oil (Ricino), production of...... 73 Clouds........ Casualties, statistics of... 146 Coal ................. Catanduanes, area....... ..... 4, 155, 157 Quality of, compared with Pennsylvania, (See Albay and Catandanes, Gazetteer.) Japanese, Washington, English, and Population ....... Australia ............................... Towns........................ Analysis of Philippine coal... Minerals......... Distribution of coal in the archipelago... Cattle raising.... Coal Measures of the Philippines... Cáuong, production of Coast and geodetic survey of islands and Cavite, area mainland and dependent is- waters ......... 16 lands.. Coastwise ports, list of.... ...... 106, 107 Province ... 155, 157 By collection districts.... .. 107, 108 (See Cavite, Gazetteer.) Coastwise ports (see Ports, coastwise)....... 136 Population ..... 27 Cochin China, France and Indo-China, com- By pueblos ... 37 parative view of....... Towns........ 27 Cocoanut, production of.. ... 72, 75 Transferred to civil administration ...... 154 | Coffee, production of......... Cayapa, area mainland ....... Cogón, production of... (See Nueva Vizcaya, Gazetteer.) Coins ...... 126 Cebú, port of entry........ 105 Mexican silver dollar, Filipino peso...... 126 Collection district coast wise ports ..... 107 In current circulation... . 126, 127 Cebú, area mainland and dependent islands Value of foreign, in occasional use....... 126 Province ...... ......... 156, 157 British dollar........... (See Cebu, Gazetteer.) Local silver..... 127 Population ....... Of the United States, gold and silver, rate By pueblos ...... of ............. 127 Towns.......... Foreign........... 126 Minerals............ 85 Colonial possessions of other nations, com- Light-houses ....... 109 parison of area and population of those Restored to military control 154 surrounding the Philippine Islands.... Returned to civil control. 154 France Celebes (Netherlands) East Indies, com- Germany. parative view of.......... Great Britain.... Census, Spanish, 1887: partial, 1896.. Netherlands. United States. ... ... ... Portugal.......... Cession of Philippine Islands by Spain to Commerce, administration of. 155 United States, terms and limit.. Commerce and trade, Manila ...... 191 Chalybeate springs ..... 11 Commerce established with America and Champaca, production of ... Asia, and Philippine Archipelago........ 177 Cheese, manufacture of ....... Commerce, Philippine Islands, the key to Chinese in the Philippines, population of the countries that border the steam Under census of 1887 ..... routes between Japan and China, the By parochial enumeration ... Pacific archipelagoes and Australia to Efforts to exclude ...... the SE., and s. and Indo-China, Siam, Action of military authorities.. Malay peninsula, Java, and India, and Statistics under these conditions. countries beyond to the SW. and w...... Schurman commission report .. Commerce of the Philippines: Movement of Chinese immigrants. Treat provisions respecting Spanish Results of comparison of statistics. ships and merchandise (see Customs; Chocolate, production of .......... Tariff) ........ ........ 112, 113, 114 Chronology, Philippines, 1519-1901 .. 175 Imports and exports of merchandise, 1900 Discovery and exploration. 175 and 1901.... 114 Spanish dominion established ...... 175 Gold and silver............... 115 Royal pledge not to abandon the Philip- Tonnage............... 115 pines ................................... 176 Imports and exports, by countries, includ- Commerce established with America and ing gold and silver. 115 Asia and the Philippine Archipelago .. 177 Recapitulation ....... 116 Restoration of Spanish dominion ... 179 Imports and exports of gold and silver, by Representation in the ministry 181 countries ...... 117 Civil government established .. 182 Vessels doing the carrying trade, June, Revolution against Spain 1901.... 117 From the transfer of sovereignty to the Imports and exports by Philippine cus- United States....... toms districts, including gold and silver. 118 Church, registry of souls .... 69 Imports of the Philippine Islands, by Cinnamon, production of ......... 76 countries, during the calendar years 1889 Civil buildings, Manila...... 193, 194 to 1893, inclusive, as compared with 1899 Civil government ...... 146 and 1900.... 118 Civil government, organization of ....... 203-206 Annual average values of merchandise Civil governor of the Philippine Islands... 146 exported, 1892-1896, as compared with Inaugurated..... 154 those of 1893 and 1900....... 119 Civilized races, their number and territory Quantities and values of the principal ar- occupied ....... ticles of merchandise imported into the Approximate population and territory in Philippine Islands during the calendar the United States compared...... year 1900.. 19 66 182 182 . .. . .. ... 119 252 INDEX. 1021 122 L U IGI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 127 Page. Commerce of the Philippines-Continued. Quantities and values of the principal articles exported from the Philippine Islands during the calendar year 1900.. Hemp exports, 1850-1899..... Philippine hemp statistics-hemp re- ceipts, 1850-1899........ Comparative statement of exports from Philippine ports, 1890-1899.... 121 Sugar...... Copra...... Leaf tobacco ... Trade between the United States and the Philippines. Value of merchandise imported and ex- ported by the United States in trade with the Philippine Islands by annual average by decades, 1848-1897......... 122 Value of imports and exports of the United States in trade with the Philippine Islands, 1891 to 1900.... Imports... Selected list of articles of import for the twelve months ending June, 1901, to show their relative market demand and the relations of the United States in value to the principal competing nations.. Exports... Selected list of articles of export from Philippine Islands for twelve months ending June, 1901, showing quantity and value ....... 123, 124, 125, 126 (See Supplement).. ......... 200-203 Interislard ......... 197 Commercial advantages, Manila........... 190 Commercial cables: Eastern Extension Australasia and China Telegraph Company, terminal points, connections, and length... Tariff, selected list of, to points over- Foreign.... 24 United States.... Commercial extension in Philippines...... 197 Commission, United States Philippine, its personnel... .................. 146, 147 Powers ...... Instructions .... 148 Exercise of legislative authority .... 148 Reports to be made from time to time.... Investigating conditions.. 148 Beginning of exercise of governmental powers....... 149 Public laws of the Philippines ..... 149, 150, 151 Tour of provincial organization... 151 Public meetings ...................... 151 Form of procedure ........ 152 Object of the Commission stated ...... When the municipal code became appli- cable ...... Municipalities to be self-governing and elective.......................... Taxation, internal improvements........ Supervision of the police.... e police................. Taxation ............... . Provincial governor, powers and duties... Provincial secretary, duties Provincial treasurer, duties ... 153 Provincial supervisor, duties.... 153 Provincial fiscal, duties. 153 Engineers, duties of ....... Filipino representation on .. 154 Commission, a mixed, to facilitate exten- sion of authority and protection of in- Page. Conditions, investigation of, by United States Philippine Commission........... 148 Congress, act of, establishing temporary civil government in the Philippine Islands .... 212 Consideration, voluntary, paid by the United States to Spain for the Philippine Islands ...... Constabulary........ 161 Consuls, foreign countries having, in the Philippine Islands 134 Copper: Its distribution in the archipelago....... Character and quality of the metal. Copra, exports from Philippine ports, 1890, 1899.............: 121 Cordage, manufacture of.... Corn..... Indian ...... Corregidor, area mainland .... (See Manila (municipality), Gazetteer.) Population.. By pueblos ........ Towns......... Cost of running a province.. 158 Cotabato, area mainland and dependent islands .... ... 5, 156, 157 (See Cotabato, Gazetteer.) Population .... By pueblos ......... Towns....... Cotton, production of Currency, paper...... Customs: Custom-house at Manila open for busi- ness ....... 112 Duties collected since United States occu- pation ..... 203 Spanish tariff and customs regulations continued in force.... 112 General order for the guidance of officers concerned in the collection of customs duty under subdivisions stated ........ 112 Proclamation of a new tariff postponed.. 112 (See Tariff.) Customs collection, general order for the guidance of officers ..... 112 Custom-house at Manila open for business. 112 Customs service, Philippine Islands ...... 105 Classification of ports ..... 105 Entry, ports of (see Ports of entry) ....... 105 Coasting trade only, Philippine ports for. 106 General list of coastwise ports. 106 List of ports of entry and coastwise trade only, by collection districts: Cebú ..... 107 Iloilo..... Manila .... 108 Palawan.. 108 Siasi.... 105, 107 105, 107 Zamboanga ... Cuyos, area mainland and dependent is lands, province of Paragua ........ 6, 156, 158 (See Cuyos, Gazetteer.) Population ... Towns....... 27 Dagupan, Manila and Railroad ............ 17, 23 Dapitan, area mainland and dependent is- lands......... .. .. ...... 5,156, 157 (See Dapitan, Gazetteer.) Population ... Towns....... Dávao, area mainland and dependent is. lands........ ....... 5,156, 157 (See Dávao, Gazetteer.) Population .... By pueblos ......... Towns ..... Departmental military organization dis- continued................... ... 140 Department of North Philippines, Manila.. 183 Departments (Military) of North and South Philippines.. 140 Dependent islands, their number and areas by territorial division, islands, and proy- inces .... Comparison of numbers and areas from best authorities 147 148 108 152 Sulu....... 108 ... 152 .... 27 ............ 152 53 habitants.hors and issue a pro 135 137 16 190 Begin their labors and issue a proclama- tion and report... Committee: House, on Insular Affairs.. Senate, on the Philippines .. Communications, roads and......... Communications, Manila, water ........... Comparison of Land area of the Philippine Archipelago with the States of the United States.... Boundary of the Philippines superim- posed upon a map of the United States. The area of the Philippine Archipelago with certain countries of Europe....... 3 3 4-6 INDEX. 253 69 19 154 126 126 8::::: 81 97,98 Page. Dependent islands-Continued. List of main islands or groups in order of area of mainland, with the number and area of their dependent islands ..... Number and area of dependent islands 1,000 square miles or less .. 70 See list of islands and areas ....... ............. 4, 5, 6 Deportation of insurgents ........... 140 Dialects, Philippine....... 67, 68 List of, in which works have been pub- lished ... 68 Retana's Catálogo Biblioteca Filipina ... 68 Discovery and exploration. 175 Distances: Between Manila and commercial centers on lines of steam and sail communica- tion ................. .......... 129, 130, 131 Between Manila and Philippine Island points ................................ 128, 129 To certain commercial centers.... 190 Division of the Philippines created and de- partments defined........ ......... 138, 139 Dollar: Mexican silver ...... Spanish Filipino silver (peso)... British ........ 126 Duties, customs, collected since United States occupation.... 203 Dye and starch plants: Alazor or safflower.. Ananaples..... Añil or índigo.. Aguisip.. Arrowroot .. Bacauan... Bagsang.... Balanti.... Bancuro Banga (see Pagahan) ... Buri.............. Camóting cahoy...... Cassa va, guccu or camoting cahoy Cáuộng.. Guccu... Indigo... Lumbia or lumbay .. Pagahan.. 74 Safflower .. Salicsican .......... 74 Sibucao raltar .. 74 Earthquakes ... 209 Eastern archipelago in eastern Asia, Phil- ippine Islands the most northern part of. Economic classification of vegetable prod- ucts ........ Education: In schools .... Number of employees, American and Filipino ......... 159 Organization and statistics.... Manila ...... 194 Election: First, in the Philippines....... 136 Of mayors under military protection. 136 Engineers, dutie of .. 153 Entry, ports of (see Ports of entry).. 105 Ermita, Manila .. 189 European mestizos. Exchange, money..... Executive authority, suprem : President of United States of América ... Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United Sates and militia, provisions of the Constitution.... 133 Powers granted by aet of March 2, 1901 .. 133 Executive departments administered by members of the commission..... Interior ........ Commerce and police..... Justice and finance. Public instruction. Exports: Selected list of articles from the Philip- pine Islands for twelve months ending June, 1901, showing their quantity and value..... .. 123, 124, 125, 126 (See Supplement, 202, 203.) Page. Exports of merchandise (see Commerce of the Philippines).... ....... 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128 Fares and routes to United States posses- sions in Asia....... Fêtes in honor of conventions for provin- cial organization... Filipino representatives added to commis- sion ............ 154 Finance, administration of....... 155 Finances, money and exchange ......... 163 Financial institutions.... ..... 163, 164, 165 Abstracts of returns from the Manila and Cebú branches of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China; Manila and Iloilo branches of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Company; The Banco Español Filipino at Manila and its Iloilo branch, December 31, 1901 .... 164 Abstract of report made to the Comp- troller of the Currency, showing the condition of the Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Manila, in the Philippine Islands, at the close of busi- ness on January 11, 1902. 165 Fiscal, provincial, duties of ...... 153 Fisheries .. 96 Fishes (see list of) ... 171 Flora ...: Food, prices of, in Manila.... Forest wealth of the archipelago...... 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 (See alphabetical list of Philippine woods.) Public........ Forest products ..... Economic value of. Licenses to cut.... Government tax, how paid, amount Dammar, gum mastic, and resins found in large quantities. Forestry Bureau..... Organization of ... Field force ....... Cost of.. Forestry officials on duty 87 Forestry stations ... 86 Fortress, Manila.... 187 Foundation of city, Manila 183 France, colonial possessions near Philip- pine Islands, area and population...... Franchises.. Friar curates Fruits: Wild and cultivated, abundant ....... Introduction of new species from United States, etc....... List and description of fruits of industrial and domestic use.................... 93, 94, 95 Garrisons: Military posts, for suppression of insur- rection and brigandage and mainten- ance of order ... Of United States troops................. 140, 206 Gas.... 83 Geographical relation of the principal islands and groups of the Philippine Archipelago to each other....... Germany, colonial possessions near Philip- pine Islands, area and population........ Gold: Common in the archipelago....... Its distribution..., ........................... 88,54 Quality and quantity...... .. 83, 84 Gold and silver, imports and exports of.... 115, 116, 117, 118 Gold coins of the United States, rate of .... 127 Government: Civil...... 146 Special form of, proposed in certain cases ..... 158 Organization of 203, 206 Legislative ... 203 Executive.. 203 Provincial..... 204 Judicial ...... 205 Insurgent, broken up ..., 137 86 74 .......... 93 93 148 133 83 155 155 155 155 254 INDEX. ... 202 红n2nna ....................... . ... .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. 87 27 84 Page. Page. Government-Continued. Immigration ..... Rump, organized by Aguinaldo and ac- Imports: complices promptly disposed of by Selected list of articles of import fortwelve United States military forces........... 169 months ending June, 1901, to show their Temporary civil, established along the relative market demand and the rela- M. and D. R. R.. 137 tions of the United States in value to the United States military occupation and... 121 principal competing nations ......... 122, 123 Governmental powers, exercise of, by (See Supplement.) United States Philippine Commission.... 149 Imports of merchandise (see Commerce of Governments: the Philippines).. 114, Provincial, organized July 4, 1901 ... 155 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126 Provincial and military (see List of islands Supplement .... .... 200-202, 203 and provinces, how administered)..... 155, Improvement, harbor 199 156, 157, 158 Indigo, production of 73,96 Governor-generals of the Philippine Islands Indonesians, race ........ 64, 65 down to their transfer to the United Industry, Manila..... 191 States..................................... 147 Industries, mechanical.. 95 Governor, provincial, powers and duties... 152 Alcohol .... 96 Gramineous plants or grasses...... Building trades .......... 96 Bamboo ... Cheese ..... Cogon ...... Cloth, manufacture of..... Corn...... Cordage, manufacture of.. Rice or palay ... Fisheries ..... Sorghum or batad.. Hats, etc., manufacture of. Zacate (grass) ........ Hemp. Grazing ...... Indigo. Great Britain, colonial possessions near Leather .. Philippine Islands, area and popula- Mats, manufacture o tion........ Rice.. Guam, time when 12 noon at Washington.. 2, 105 Shipbuilding ... Guerrilla tactics resorted to ...... 139 Soap.. Guerrilla warfare effectively treated by Starches.... United States department and district Sugar. commanders 169 Tobacco.... Gums or almácigas (see names and prod- Infanta, area, mainland and dependent ucts) ....... 79 islands .... Gutta-percha...... Subprovince....... ........ 155, 157 Statistics of............................... (See Infanta, Gazetteer). Philippines adapted to its culture Population ...... Attention given to propagation and By pueblos .... 40 growth by other nations.. 87 Towns............ Gypsum, deposits of... Inhabitants, average number to the square Harbor improvement.... 199 mile..... Harbors, bays and...... 151 Insects.... 172 Hats, manufacture of 95 Instructions to Philippine Commission. Health, general facts about, in the islands. 160, 161 Insular Affairs, Bureau of ............. 239 Hemp, production of... 96 Insular Affairs, House Committee on..... Hemp exports, 1850-1899. 120 Interisland intercourse, Manila.. Hemp receipts, 1850-1899....... 121 Interior, administration of affairs.... History, Manila ........ 192 Internal revenue... History (see Natural; Chronology)... 169, 175-182 Statement of collections and expenses of Home rule and its limits, a system of, under internal-revenue department from July Spain.................. . ... 1, 1900, to October 1, 1901 (United States Hongkong, China (Great Britain). currency) ........ Honolulu time when 12 noon at Washington International date line (see Time circuit).. Humidity ......... 13 Insurgent government broken up.......... 137 Ilocanos, number and territory of.......... 66 Insurgent movement collapsed ........ 136 Ilocos Norte, area, mainland and depend- Insurgents organized, dissipation of ..... 136 ent islands... Field forces disbanded......... Province .... .. 155, 157 International dividing line between Asia (See Ilocos Norte, Gazetteer.) and Oceania, distance from Philippine Population .. Islands to.... By pueblos ...... Towns........ Its distribution in the archipelago ....... Ilocos Sur, area, mainland and dependent Isabela, area mainland and dependent islands .. islands.... Province... ......... 155, Province... .......... 155, 157 (See Ilocos Sur, Gazetteer.) (See Isabela, Gazetteer.) Population. Population ... By pueblos. By pueblos ...... Towns...... Towns........ Iloilo, port of entry: Islands (see Dependent islands). Collection district of . 105 Islands (see Philippine (Archipelago) Coastwise ports...... 108 Islands) ........ Inhabitants petition for American occu- Islands of geographical importance, their pation ...... geographical relation to each other and United States expedition arrives... 135 to surrounding territories .... Occupied .... 135 Java and Madura (Netherlands East In- A center of military occupations.. dies), comparative view of.. Iloilo, area, mainland and dependent is- Joló (Sulu), port of entry ..... lands.... Judicial authority....... 155 Province .. ..... 156, 157 Justice, administration of 155 (See Panay; Iloilo, Gazetteer.) Kaolin (see Clays) ....... Population .... Katipunan League .......... By pueblos .... 39 Kiau Chou (Germany) .... Towns.... Kings of Spain since the discovery of the Transferred to civil administration ..... Philippine Islands... 133 158 . . .. ..... 211 168 165 139 Iron .... 69 . ........ 105 27 INDEX. 255 Page. 98 Page. Luzon-Continued. Minerals... 85 Light-houses ..... ...... 109, 110 Provincial governments of ..... 155 Area mainland and dependent islands ... Provinces of, area mainland and depend- ent islands Abra. Albay ....... 15 26 67 or OTCIT OTOT COTOT OTOT OTOT Torer OTOT OTOTCT OTOT OTOT OTOT VOORAAAA ... . .. ... 84 122 27 o Labor in the Philippines ... Chinese...... 98 Lagonoy, bay of ... Laguna, area mainland and dependent islands..... Province ........ . 155, 157 (See Laguna, Gazetteer.) Population .... 27 By pueblos ... 40 Towns...... Ports closed to trade. 154 Lakes....... ....... 11, 12 Lamón, bay of......... Lanao, area ... .... 5,156, 157 (See Lanao, Gazetteer.) Population .. ......... Towns.... Land limits, area of Philippine Islands .... Lands, public ....... 166 Language, Manila...... 183 Languages: By territorial and political divisions..... Spoken and written .. Foreign, American, and European....... Native, and dialects.......... Latitude, longitude, and difference of time, Manila ................... 183 Law of civil government in the Philippine Islands, act of Congress July 1, 1902...... 212 Law, parliamentary, history of ............ 211 Laws, Philippine, list of.................... 149 Lead, deposits of ........ Leaf tobacco, exports from Philippine ports, 1890, 1899 ......... Leather, manufacture of. Legislative authority of Philippine Com- mission ....... 148 Lepanto, area mainland and dependent islands ................... Subprovince..... ... .. 155, 157 (See Lepanto, Gazetteer.) Population .... By pueblos ...... 41 Towns.......... Lepanto-Bontoc, province of .. 155, 157 Lesser Sunda Islands (Netherlands) East Indies, comparative view of..... Leyte, area mainland and dependent islands ...... 5 Province ..... ....... 156, 158 (See Leyte, Gazetteer.) Mountains.. Mineral springs ... Rivers..... Population. By pueblos .. Towns... Minerals..... Light-houses ..... 109 Transferred to civil administratio 154 Licenses to extract forest products....... 86 Number issued. 86 Light-houses ....... ... 109, 110, 111 List of names of, location of lights, and waters lighted..... ... 109, 110, 111 Lingayen, Gulf of ..... 15 Literature of the Philippine Islands (see Philippine bibliography)... 105 Lithographic stone, deposits of..... Longitude (see Time circuit)... Lubang Island to Marinduque... Lumbang, production of .. Lumber, production of ... Luzón, most northern island of geograph- ical importance...... Comparison of authorities and discrepan- cies as to areas. Mountains........ Volcanoes .... Mineral springs. Rivers .... Climate ......... 12, 13, 14 Dominant races. Population, total.. By provinces.. Towns, number of.... 27 Catanduanes ... Ambos Camarines.. Bataan .... Batangas ... Benguet ... Bontoc .. Bulacán.. Cagayán. Babuyanes Batanes .. Cavite ....... Ilocos Norte.. Ilocos Sur.. Infanta..... Polillo.. Isabela. Laguna... Lepanto .. Quiangan ... Manila (municipality Corregidor.... Nueva Ecija.. Nueva Vizcaya... Cayapa ... Pampanga... Pangasinan. Príncipe.. Rizal Sorsogon . Tárlac.. Tayabas..... Unión... Zambales...... Macao (Portugal).. Mace, production of 75, 76 Mails: Movement of. Time in transit.. Postal transportation.. Maize (see Corn).... Malate, Manila ..... Malayans race...... 64, 65 Mammals (see list of)... Manila Bay, Manila.... 186 Manila: Time when 12 noon at Washington. Manila and Dagupan Railroad....... Port of entry .......... 105 Collection district, coastwise ports....... 108 Insurgent attack on..... 135 Manila, capital and chief emporium of the commerce of Eastern Asia and archi- pelagoes of the Pacific ...... Manila Municipality, area mainland... 5,155, 158 Population ....... 27 Manila, former province of, population 1887, by pueblos, except the municipality of, included in Rizal........ 42 Manila, municipality of....... 183 Geographical location.... 183 Differences of longitude according to other nations... 183 Time ball... 199 Location .. 183 Name and foundation.. 183 Modern facilities. 184 Population ............ 183, 184 Race, language........ 188 Architectural features. 185 Boundaries.. 185 Area............... 183, 185 Physical features. 185 Manila Bay..... 186 Manila lights... ... 110, 186 Manila fortress 187 Business in residential distric Suburbs ....... 188 D 17, 23 ........ FOODS 187 256 INDEX. 188 707 OCT 0 190 992 ..... 192 194 85 islands ........ Page. Manila, municipality of-Continued. Suburbs-Continued. Binondo.. San Nicolás ... Tondo. 188 Santa Cruz 189 Quiapo .. 189 San Miguel 189 Sampaloc.... 189 Pandacan... 189 Trozo or San José.... 189 Paco or San Fernando de Dilao . Ermita .. Malate .......... Roads and communications, land.. 190 Commercial advantages.. 190 Communications, water... 190 Industries .... 191 Commerce and trade.. 191 United States military occupation ... 191 Military division of the Philippines.. 183 Department of North Philippines.. 183 History ........ 192 Municipal government...... Distribution of municipal powers.. 192 Police jurisdiction ... 193 Interisland intercourse... 193 Manila public buildings.. 193 Military .............. 193 Civil................ 193, 194 Religious............... Educational........ Marble deposits ......... Marianas Islands (Germany).... Marinduque, area mainland and dependent Province .. ..... 156, 158 (See Marinduque, Gazetteer.) Population, total.. By provinces.... Towns, number of..... Minerals........ Transferred to civil administration.... 154 Marshall Islands (Germany)...... Masbate, area mainland and depende lands.... Province.. ......... 156, 158 (See Masbate, Gazetteer.) Population.. By pueblos, including Ticao . Towns. Minerals .. Light-houses .. Transferred to civil administration. 154 Mats, manufacture of....... Maura law, of municipal government, the.. 167 Measures ......... ..... 127, 128 Metrical system authorized by Revised Statutes .............................. 127, 12 Metrical system continued in the Philip- pine Islands ........ .. 127, 128 Metrical terms in common use......... 127, 128 Native and United States equivalents.. 127, 128 Medicinal plants (see List for names and uses) .......... 76 ... Merchandise, quantities and values of the principal articles of: Exported into the Philippine Islands, 1900 119 Imported into the Philippine Islands, 1900 119 Mercury, indications of ....... Meridian of 180° (see Time circuit and in- ternational date line) ....... Mestizos, European... Methods, Spanish...... 167 Mexican silver dollar (peso)... 126 Military, Manila...... 193 Military occupation, United States...... Military division of the Philippines, Ma- nila.. Mindanao, area mainland and dependent islands ............ 4, 156 (See Mindanao, Gazetteer). Provinces of, area mainland and depend- ent islands Basilan.. Cotabato .. Dapitan Dávao ...... Page. Mindanao, area mainland and dependent islands-Continued. Provinces of-Continued. Lanao .... Misamis ....... Surigao.... Zamboanga . Comparison of authorities and discrepan- cies as to areas.. Mountains............. Volcanoes ............. Mineral springs ...... Rivers. Climate Dominant races.. Population, total.. By provinces Towns, number of... Minerals............... Light-houses ............ Special form of government in certain cases ........ 158 Mindoro, area mainland and dependent is- lands ..... Subprovince of Marinduque (See Mindoro, Gazetteer.) Mountains.. Volcanoes ...... Rivers.............. Dominant races.. Population, total. By pueblos.... Towns, number of ....... Minerals.. Ports opened for resumption of trade.... Special form of governmentin certain cases 158 Mineral products, list of.............. 82, 83, 84, 85 Mineral-bearing islands and their re- sources ................................. Minerals....... Use of gold and copper before the arrival of Spaniards........ American prospectors and miners........ Mining bureau at Manila .... Mineral products, metallic and nonme- tallic (see list of)...... ....... 82, 83, 84, 85 Mineral-bearing islands and their re- sources..... Mineral springs .... Alkaline. Chalybeate. Purgative ..... Saline Sulphur .... Mining bureau. Mining rights ...... Ministry, representation in the Spanish.... 181 Military occupation and government, United States, summary of events con- nected with ........ 131 State of war declared . 131 Proclamation of the President ... Spanish ships in Manila Bay destroyed .. 131 Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps created..... 131 Departure of the advanced expeditionary force from San Francisco. 131 Guam, surrender of .......... 131 Isla Grande in Subic Bay occupied....... 132 Arrival of department commander at Ca- vite.. 132 Sea and land attack and surrender of Ma- nila and the authorities of Spain to the United States........... 132 Proclamation of war and assurance of pro- tection in civil and religious affairs, private rights to be respected, commerce open to all neutral nations, and other assurances of good will and authority.. 132 Assumption of civil government by the United States military authorities in Manila and Cavite ........ Signature of protocol of agreement and cessation of hostilities announced, and terms granted .. Insurgents enter Manila with the Ameri- can troops and subsequently ordered to withdraw 96 131 64 ........ 191 183 132 132 QIQOT OY 132 INDEX. 257 135 183 138 135 Page. Page. Military occupation-Continued. Nipa, production of . Civil courts as existed under Spain author- Niter, quantities found.. ized to resume, subject to supervision in Non-Christian tribes: the interests of military occupation.... 132 Population ...... Insurgents ordered to withdraw to a Number of tribes and distribution........ greater distance and reluctantly com- Physical and political characteristics of.. 67 plied ... 133 Nueva Ecija, area mainland and dependent Reorganization of the Eighth Army islands... Corps. .. ... 133 Province. 155, 158 Transportation of entire force without loss 133 (See Nueva Ecija, Gazetteer.) Army takes the aggressive...... Population ..... Military posts and garrisons for suppression By pueblos ............................. of insurrection and brigandage and Towns.................................... maintenance of order ....... 148 Transferred to civil administration ..... 154 Corrected to May 10, 1902... 206 Nueva Vizcaya, area mainland and depend- Misamis, area mainland and dependent ent islands... islands. Province ............ ..... 155, 158 Province... 156, 158 (See Nueva Vizcaya, Gazetteer.) (See Misamis, Gazetteer.) Population.... Population .. By pueblos .... By pueblos ............ Towns..... Towns..... Number of members of the monastic orders Transferred to civil administration 154 killed and imprisoned during the revolu- Missions and missionaries... tions of 1896, 1898....... Modern facilities, Manila ... Nutmeg, production of.... Mollusks (see list of) ........ Occupation and administration extended to Moluccas (Netherlands) (East Indies), com- the whole archipelago....... 135 parative view of... Occupation and government, United States Monastic orders ..... 69 military: Money......... 163 President's instructions respecting munic- Money-order offices, list of. 18 ipal law, to be administered by repre- Moro (Moslem) religion... 69 sentatives of the people, and manage- Provinces................................. 156 ment of public property and revenues Mórong, former province of, population, and transportation by military authori- 1887, by pueblos (now included in Rizal) 44 ties until replaced by civil administra- Moros, number and territory of ... 66 tion; also as to rights and commerce... 135 Mountains..... Extension of orders of occupation and ad- Municipal Code, applicable to .... ...... 152, 155 ministration to the whole archipelago.. 185 Municipal government board ..... Mixed commission, to facilitate the exten- Municipal government, Manila... 192 sion of authority and the protection of Municipal governments....... 159 the inhabitants, created, and received Municipal law, President's instructions re- the President's instructions ............ specting ..... Insurgent attack on Manila..... Maura, plan of .. 167 Army takes the aggressive with success.. Municipal powers, distribution of, Manila. 192, 193 Towns recognized as municipal corpora- Municipalities to be self-governing and elec- tions to be known as municipios, with tive. 152 commanders of military districts as gov- 208 ernors ..... Name Philippine Islands, bow received.... Insurgent movement collapsed 136 Native priests ... Notice of amnesty ...... 136 Natural history: Large submissions under certain condi- Mammals (see list of).. 169 tions.......................... 136 Birds (see list of) ...... 170 Ports of entry opened ...... 136 Reptiles and batrachians (see list of)..... 171 Coastwise ports....... 136 Fishes (see list of) .... 171 Campaign in northern Luzon .... 136 Mollusks (see list of) ........ 172 Dissipation of the insurgents as an organ- Negritos race...... 63, 65 ized force...... 136 Negros (see Negros, Negros Occidental, and First election in the Philippines .. Negros Oriental, Gazetteer): Election of mayors under military protec- Mountains.... tion...... ..... ..... .. Volcanoes ... Visayan military district, with subdis- Mineral springs .... tricts, created...... 136 Rivers ............ Bacolod, Negros Occidental, occupied as Climate ... point from which to conduct operations. 136 Population by pueblos .... Military governor appointed and native Minerals... 85 police organized at Negros; constitu- Cost of local administration.. ........ 158, 159 tional convention held at Bacolod...... Negros Occidental, area mainland and de- Constitution framed and transmitted to pendent islands ...... the President... 136 Province ...... .. ., 156, 158 Set in motion by appointment of a mili- (See Negros Occidental, Gazetteer.) tary governor for the troops and civil Population .............................. 27. governor for provincial and municipal By pueblos (see Negros) ................ purposes.............................. 136. 137 Towns.... other details of organization and powers Transferred to civil administration ..... 154 of administration perfected............ 137 Negros Oriental, area mainland and de The Philippine mixed commission begin pendent islands their labors and issue a proclamation; Province ... 156, 158 recalled, and submitted a preliminary (See Negros Oriental, Gazetteer.) report to the President ........ .. 137 Population ... Temporary civil government established By pueblos (see Negros) ....... along the Manila and Dagupan Railroad 137 Towns.... Sulu, Sulu Island, occupied by United Transferred to civil administration ...... 154 States troops, by agreement, the local Netherlands, colonial possessions near Phil- Sultan acknowledging the supreme au- ippine Islands, area and population, com- thority of the United States over the parative view of.. whole archipelago.... 137 S. Doc. 280—-17 Music............ 135 69 , aveu.... ....... .... ......... . ... ... . .. 44 136 . 27 44 27 258 INDEX. 137 ............ 160 Population.......................... 139 27 139 140 Page. Panay, area mainland and dependent is- islands-Continued. Mountains..... Mineral springs........ Rivers .......... Minerals....... Light-houses ...... Pandán, production of Pandacan, Manila.. Pangasinan, area mainland and dependent islands Province ........ .......... 155, 158 (See Pangasinan, Gazetteer.) Population .... By pueblos... Towns...... Transferred to civil administration ...... 154 Pangasinans, number and territory of...... 66 Pangutaran group, area mainland and de- pendent islands .................... 5,157, 158 (See Pangutaran, Gazetteer.) Population ... Towns................. Paper currency.............................. Paragua province ........................ 156, 158 Parliamentary procedure in passage of law of civil government in Philippines ...... 211 Pasturage .. Peace conditions ..... 154, 155 Peanut, Mani or Cacahuet, production of.. Pearls ...... Pelew Islands (Germany)......... Pennsylvania Railroad Company, schedule and round-the-world routes at minimum rates and stop-over privileges for travel- ing public and officers of the Army and Navy of the United States. People, the Philippine ...... Negritos.. Indonesians.. Malayans....... Europeans, Mestizos..... Pepper, production of ... Persecution of inhabitants friendly to the Americans..... Petroleum, indications of.. Philippine (archipelago) Islands, The. Location, geographical. Time circuit. Boundaries ..., Treaty limits. Area....: List of islands and areas .... List of islands and provinces, mainland and dependent islands, and areas... Physical features.. Mountains.... Volcanoes, list of, active and solfatarie. Volcanoes, list of, extinct or dormant. Mineral springs ..... Rivers ....... Climate........ Atmospheric pressure Humidity ......... Rains..... Winds...... Clouds, weather... Weather stations... Philippine seas..... Bays and harbors... Roads and communications..... Postal service... List of post-offices with province or island. 18, 202 146 Page. Occupation and government, United States military-Continued. Insurgent government broken up and so- called president a fugitive .. Ports open to commerce.................. 137 Board of natives of civic and military abil- ity created by the military governor to formulate and report a plan of munici- pal government.. 138 Their report essentially the foundation of municipal government as subsequently elaborated...... Division of the Philippines created, de- partments defined.. Formal disbandment of field forces of the insurgents...... Guerrilla tactics resorted to.. Amnesty offered... 140 Persecution of the inhabitants friendly to the American cause. 140 Secret committees organized. 140 Exemplary punishment ordered for viola- tion of the laws of war set forth in spe- cial instructions....... 140 Deportation of certain insurgents to the island of Guam ..... 140 Armed insurrection confined to Sámarand several proyinces in southern Luzon... Discontinuance of the departmental form of military organization.... 140 Departments of North and South Philip- pines created ..... ................ 140 Stations of United States troops in the Philippine Islands February 15, 1902... 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146 Number of, May 10, 1892.. 206 Casualties, statistics of.. 146 Captures of material...... 146 Aguinaldo, capture of....... Occupation and government, United States military, of....... 131 Ochers, deposits of ..... Oil, mineral, reported........ Oil-producing plants: Ajonjoli (benne seed).. Benne seed, Sesama or Ajonjolí... Cacahuet (peanut).. Castor oil, Ricino, Ricinus. Cocoanut.... Lumbang....... Mani (peanut) .... Peanut, Mani, or Cacahuet Ricino (castor oil).... Sesama (benne seed)... Oils, essences or essential: Champaca........ Sampaguita ..... Ylang Ylang ....... 79 Opal found in certain localities 84 Open-door policy, Manila .. 191 Origin of name, Manila ..... 183 Paco or San Fernando Dilao, Manila....... 189 Pacto de Biac-na-Bato agreement between Spain and Aguinaldo and accomplices, Revolution, 1897.... 168 Pagahan, production of .. Pagan, religion....... Palawan (Paragua), area, mainland and de- pendent islands... ........ 4, 156, 158 (See Palawan, Gazetteer.) Dominant races........... Population, total... By pueblos .... Towns, number of......... Collection district coastwise ports... Light-houses .. Palay (see Rice)... 70 Pampanga, area mainland and dependent islands ....... Province ........ ..... 155, 158 (See Pampanga, Gazetteer.) Population ..... By pueblos ...... Towns........ First province organized Transferred to civil administration...... 154 Pampangos, number and territory of ...... 66 Panay, area mainland and dependent is- lands.... ..... 6, 156 (See Panay, Gazetteer.) 212233333 28 129 ESEVA ACON--- GURE 18 OP C ION, LOU ................. Mails ......... ... United States transport communication.. Routes and fares to United States posses- sions in Asia....... Domestic trans-Pacific one-way through fares from New York...... Basis for through fares from New York in connection with round-trip fares from Pacific coast to trans-Pacific des- tinations........ Round-trip basing fares and regulations from Pacific coast .................... Cable and telegraph communication..... List of stations on military lines in the Philippine Islands doing commercial business .. ..... INDEX. 259 Page. Philippine (archipelago) Islands, The- Continued. Mechanical industries-Continued. Manufacture of alcohol.. oil ... ........ rice. .......... 27-28 : ....... blog 115 Page. Philippine (archipelago) Islands, The- Continued. Cable and telegraph communication- Continued. List of United States military cables ... Cable and telegraph control ........... Commercial cables ............ Towns, islands, and connection........ Selected list of tariff to points over the Eastern Extension Australasia and China Telegraph Company Cables.. Foreign......... United States..... Population and towns. Population of the world powers compared. Philippine population reports compared. Territorial and political divisions, list of. 26 List of islands, provinces, and popula- tions..................... Progress of Philippine population: Population of the Philippines at differ- ent periods..... Population by provinces according to five reliable reports.......... General totals of the population of the Philippine Archipelago under Spanish census of 1887....... Towns (pueblos) in the Philippine Archipelago, arranged by islands and provinces....... Pueblos in the Philippine Islands, gen- eral alphabetical list ... The Philippine people..... Negritos. Indonesians Malayans... European Mestizos .. Races- Negritos ....... Indonesians............ Malayan..... Chinese in the Philippines Civilized races.......... Non-Christian tribes.... Physical and political characteristics of the non-Christian tribes.... Languages spoken and written Dialects .. Alphabet........................ Religion........ Dependent islands- List of main islands or groups in the order of area of mainland, with num- ber and area of dependent islands... Number and area of dependent islands. Vegetable products....... Economic classification. Gramineous plants or grasses Textile plants ........ Oil-producing plants ....... Dye and starch plants.. Saccharine and alcoholic plant Aromatic plants.. Medicinal plants ....... Resins.... Gums or almácigas plants.. Essences or essential oils. Vegetables .............. Flora, pasturage.............. Minerals.................... Mineral products..... Analysis of coal from Batán, Albay Province, Luzón. Mineral-bearing islands and their re- sources ...... Forests ..... Gutta-percha ........... Rubber ..... Philippine woods of economic value, alphabetical list of ...... Philippine woods, economic uses of.. Fruits, list of ...... Mechanical industries. Manufacture of cloth..... mats, hats, etc cordage.... tobacco..... sugar ....... hemp..... indigo .... 1901........ soap ..... starches .. cheese ........ leather fisheries shipbuilding...... building trades. Food prices. Prices of certain artieles in common use in Manila, April 1, 1900............... 97, 98 Labor .......... Wage rates ......... 98 Rates of wages in Manila, April and May, 1900..... 99 The press in the Philippines ....... 104 Customs service, Philippine Islands.... 105 Ports of entry, list of ....... 105 Philippine ports for coasting trade only ................................ 106, 107 List of ports of entry and ports open to coastwise trade only, by collection dis- tricts, in the Philippine Islands.... 107, 108 Light-houses ... 109 Location of lights and waters lighted. 109-111 Weather service...... 111 Commerce of the Philippine Islands..... 111 Customs... 112 Tariff 112 Confirmation of "the tariff revision law of 1901" .... Imports and exports of merchandise, 1900 and 1901 .... 114 Imports and exports of gold and silver, 1900 and 1901 ... 115 Tonnage, 1900-1901 ..... 115 Imports and exports, by countries, in- cluding gold and silver...... Recapitulation. 116 Imports and exports of gold and silver, by countries..... 117 Vessels doing the carrying trade, June, ......... 117, 118 Imports and exports, by Philippine cus- toms districts, including gold and sil- ver ..... 118 Imports of the Philippine Islands, by countries, during the calendar years 1889 to 1893, inclusive, as compared with 1899 and 1900.......... 118 Annual average values of merchandise exported, 1892-1896, as compared with those of 1899 and 1900...... 119 Quantities and values of the principal articles of merchandise imported into the Philippine Islands during the cal- endar year 1900.... 119 Quantities and values of the principal articles exported from the Philippine Islands during the calendar year 1900........ 120 Hemp exports, 1850-1899....... Philippine hemp statistics..... 121 Comparative statement of exports from Philippine ports, 1890-1899... 121 Sugar 121 Copra. 121 Leaf tobacco.. 122 Trade between the United States and the Philippines...... 122 Value of merchandise imported and exported by the United States in trade with the Philippine Islands by annual average, by decades, 1848-1897........ 122 Value of imports and exports of the United States in trade with the Phil- ippine Islands, 1891 to 1900. 122 Imports... 122 Selected list of articles of import for the twelve months ending June, 1901, to show their relative market demand and the relations of the United States in value to the principal competing nations.. 122 Exports. 123 120 260 INDEX. 156 157 131 132 133 161 162 163 Page. Philippine (archipelago) Islands, The- Continued. ExportsContinued. A selected list of articles of export from the Philippine Islands for the twelve months ending June, 1901, showing their quantity and value...... 123, 124 Coins, weights, and measures.. 126 Coins.... 126 Weights and measures. 127 Table of distances between Manila and Philippine Islands points ...... 128 Table of distances between Manila and commercial centers on lines of steam and sail communication...... 129 United States military occupation and government ..... Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps ... 131 United States military governor in the Philippine Islands, Eighth Army Corps Department of the Pacific and military governor in the Philippine Islands ..... 132 Supreme executive authority ... The President of the United States of America .. 133 Powers ....... 133 Kings of Spain since the Philippine Isl- ands formed part of the monarchy.... 133 Presidents of the United States of Amer- ica.................................... 133 Department of War, representing the President of the United States in the ad- ministration of military and civil affairs in the Philippine Islands......: 134 Foreign countries having consuls in the Philippine Islands January 1, 1902. 134 Treaty of peace, terms of ..... 134 Voluntary consideration paid for the Philippine Islands .. 134 Occupation and preliminary administra- tion tion ..... .... ............................. 134 Division of the Philippines..... 138 Department of Northern Luzón.. 138 Department of Southern Luzón.... 138 Department of the Visayas........ 139 Departinent of Mindanao and Joló..... 139 Division of the Philippines and United States military governor in the Philip- pine Islands..... 139 Division of the Philippines............... 140 Department of North Philippines...... 141 Headquarters Manila, Luzon, Philip- pine Islands ...... 141 First separate brigade.. Second separate brigade .... 141 Third separate brigade..... 141 Fourth separate brigade..... 141 Post of Manila........ Gunboats in department...... 141 Department of South Philippines.. 141 Headquarters Cebu, Cebú, Philippine Islands ... 141 Fifth separate brigade ... 141 Sixth separate brigade.... 142 Seventh separate brigade. 142 Stations of troops, Philippine Islands .... ......................... 142, 146 Civil government ...... Law of Congress in the Philippines.. 211 United States Philippine Commission.. 146 Civil governor of the Philippine Islands. 146 Members of the Philippine Commission.. Governor-generals of the Philippine Islands from their formal occupation by Spain down to their transfer to the sovereignty of the United States..... 147, 148 Public law of civil government (Con- gress) in the Philippines .... Public laws of the Philippine Islands .... 149 First province organized ...... 153 Inauguration of the civil governor....... 154 Distribution of administrative duties .... 154 Provincial and military governments.... 155 The territorial subdivisions of the Phil- ippines in which the affairs of civil government are administered by civilians and those in which the al- fairs of civil governmentare admin- istered by the military authorities. 155, 158 Page. Philippine (archipelago) Islands, The- Continued. The territorial subdivisions-Continued. Luzón .... Recapitulation ... 156 Mindanao... 156 Recapitulation 156 Mindoro.. 156 Palawan ... 157 Sulu Archipelago ..... Visayas..... Recapitulation ..... Unassigned groups and islands under military control and military civil administration .... Recapitulation ... 158 Islands and provinces under milit administration.. 158 Vice governor appointed.... 159 Municipal governments. 159 Civil service.... 159 Education........ 160 Health ........... 160 Constabulary..... Revenues and expenditures... 161 Revenues and expenditures in the Philippine Archipelago from date of American occupation, August 20, 1898, to June 30, 1901....... Customs revenues in the Philippine Archipelago from date of American occupation, August 20, 1898, to June 30, 1901, as reported by the collectors of customs.... 162 Condition of the insular treasury at periods stated ....... 163 Finances, money, and exchange....... Financial institutions...... 163 Abstract of returns from the Manila and Cebú branches of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China; Ma- nila and Iloilo branches of the Hong- kong and Shanghai Banking Com- pany: the Banco Español Filipino at Manila and its Iloilo branch, Decem- ber 31, 1901.. 164 Abstract of report made to the Comp- troller of the Currency showing the condition of the Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Manila, in the Philippine Islands, at the close of business on January 11, 1902........... Internal revenue....................... Statement of collection and expenses of internal-revenue department from July 1, 1900, to October 1, 1901 (United States currency)........ 165 Public lands...... 166 Conditions at the time of Spanish occu- pation............ Spanish methods.... The "Maura law," or municipal govern- ment... System of home rule and its limits....... 168 Pacto de Biac-na-Bató... 168 Spanish scheme of sovereignty and au- tonomy..... 169 Natural history.. 169 Mammals ... 169 Birds ...... 170 Reptiles and batrachians... Fishes. Mollusks ... Philippine bibliography.... 172 A selected list of books by best author- ities Selected list on agriculture.. 174 Philippine chronology, 1519-1901. 175 Philippine Commission: Its personnel ..........- . 146, 147 Object of, stated.... 152 Powers of...... 147 Philippines, royal pledge not to the........ 176 Senate Committee on the. 211 Physical features: Mountains.... Volcanoes .... Active..... Dormant or extin 165 165 141 141 166 167 146 147 212 9 bando INDEX. 261 Page. 193 ......... C O IS .................... Their extent................... . 13 155 140 26 84 Page Physical features-Continued. Provinces, civil and military (see islands Mineral springs ....... in which situated and by name) ......... 157 Rivers... Provincial organization, tour of, by United Climate .. States Philippine Commission...... 152, 153, 154 Temperature.. Public buildings, Manila.... Atmospheric pressure. 13 Public forests.... 85 Humidity 13 Their extent... 87 Rains... Public instruction, administration of ...... W inds.............. 14 i Public lands... 155, 166 Clouds..... Public laws of the United States Philippine Physical features, Manila 185, 186 Commission .... ... 149, 150, 151 Pineapple, production of.... Pueblos, alphabetical list of, in the Philip- Platinum, indications of. 84 pine Islands.. .................... 50-63 Police, administration of.. 155 Pugahan, production of. Polillo, area, mainland.... ...... 5,155, 157 Punishment for violation of laws of war.. (See Infanta and Polillo, Gazetteer.) Purgative springs ..... Population ...... 27 Quiarīgán, area mainland...... Towns........... (See Lepanto and Quiangan, Gazetteer.) Political divisions... Population .... 27 Police jurisdiction, Manila...... 193 Towns......... 27 Population: Quiapo, Manila.. 189 Manila .. .. 183, 184 Quicksilver, ind lications of... Sources of information compared..... 25 Race, Manila. 183, 184 Electors, proportion and qualifications of. Races.... United States, a century's growth..... Negritos....... Of world's powers compared... Indonesians... Philippine reports compared.. Malayans.... By territorial and political divisions Dominant, and population. By grand divisions ........... Visayas. By islands and provinces...... Tagalog ....... Comparison with New York ....... Bicoles ........ Progress of, from 1735 to 1896, for the year Ilocanos ....... stated................. Pangasinanes. By provinces according to reliable reports, Pampangos... 1818, 1810, 1850, 1870, 1887, and Gazetteer Cagayanes.. estimate 1901 ......... Moros ..... Totals of, undergeneral heads of enumer- Chinese .... ation, men, women, and total, under the By territorial and political divisi Spanish census of 1887................. 31,158 Civilized ....... Estimated, 1900........................... Ragay, bay of According to sex, and total by provinces Railroads, promotion of railroad enterprise. under partial census of 1896 for 37 prov- Rain...... inces... 31 Ramie, production or ... Pueblos, by islands or provinces, Spanish Rattan, production of.. census 1887 and partial census 1896 (also Reform, Spanish, Maura law of. see provinces)......................... 31 Religion: Average number of inhabitants to the Manila .. square mile ... 158 Moslem.... Ports, coast wise .... 136 Moro (Moslem).. Open to commerce........ ...... 137, 198, 199 Pagan..... Ports of entry: Roman Catholic. Manila Church registry of.. 105 Monastic orders. Cebú. 105 Missions and missionaries. Joló (Sulu).. 105 Religious freedom guaranteed under 105 treaty of peace ....... Zamboanga ............. 105 Native priests ..... Opened....... 136 Friar curates........ Portugal, colonial possessions near Philip- Members of the monastic orders killed pine Islands, area and population .. and imprisoned during the revolutions Postage, rate of.. of 1896, 1898...... 69 Postal service ... Religious freedom guaranteed under treaty List of post-offices of peace ....... 69 19 Reports of the Philippine Commission..... 148 Postage rates.. 18 | Reptiles and batrachians (see list of)....... Steamer routes. Residential districts, Manila............... Land service ..... 18 Resins (see names and products)........... Contracts..... Revenue, internal (see Internal revenue).. Receipts on account of..... 18 Revenues and expenditures.... Expenditures on account of. In the Philippine Archipelago from date Post-offices, list of ...... of American occupation, August 20, 1898, Powers of the Philippine Commission.... 147 to June 30, 1901 ....... Presidents of the United States since Ameri- Customs revenues in the Philippine Archi- can possession in the Philippine Islands.. 133 pelago from date of American occupa- Press in the Philippines...... ..... 104, 105 tion, August 20, 1898, to June 30, 1901, as Príncipe, area mainland and dependent reported by the collectors of custome.. 162 islands...... Condition of the insular treasury at pe- Subprovince Tayabas.... ....... 155, 158 riods stated...... 163 (See Príncipe, Gazetteer.) Revolution against Spain .. 182 Population .. Rice, production of ..... 70,96 By pueblos .... Rights of the people, President's instruc- tions concerning ....... 135 Procedure, forms of, of Philippine Commis- Rivers: sion ..... 152 Luzón. Products, forest ......... Mindoro... Prospectors, American mining.. Sámar..... Protected native States (Great Britain), Panay ...... comparative view of.... Negros ..... 105 Iloilo....... Siasi ...... 18 18 Mails... 171 18 | 187 18 10 18 18 162 .. . IV, 30 46 27 262 INDEX. Page. 152 84 74 ........... 27 85 111 16 27 179 Page. Rivers-Continued. Secretary, provincial, duties. Cebu .... Serpentine, deposits of ....... Leyte....... Sesame beane seed, production of Mindanao.. Shipbuilding ... Rizal, area mainland and dependent islands Siasi, port of entry ........ 105 Province ............ 155, 158 Sibucao raltar, production of............... (See Rizal, Gazetteer.) Sibutu and dependencies, Spain relin- Population.... quished all title and claim in, to the By pueblos, for population- United States by treaty, receiving a vol- Manila .. untary consideration....... Mórong ....... Sibutu Island, southwest of Tawi Tawi Towns.... .....:: 27 Island, Sulu Archipelago. minist (See Gazet- Transferred to civil administration 154 teer.) Roads and communications... 16 Sibuyan Island, Romblon province ..... Manila land.... 190 Signals typhoon ......... Roman Catholic. 69 Silver, deposits of ores.... Romblon, area mainland and dependent Soap, manufacture of... islands...... Sógod, Bay of........... Province ... ....... 156, 158 Soils of the archipelago.... (See Romblon, Gazetteer.) Solomon Islands (Germany).. Population. Sovereignty, a Spanish scheme of. By pueblos .. 46 Sorghum, production of.. Towns... Sorghum or batad.... Minerals. Sorsogon: Light-houses. Area mainland and dependent islands ... Transferred to civil administration. Province ................... ........ 155, 158 Routes and fares to United States possessions (See Sorsogon, Gazetteer.) in Asia........ Bay............... Rubber: Population... Cost, yield, and prices of ...... By pueblos ...... Plant abundant in the southern islands See Albay.... of the Philippines.... Towns... Saccharine and alcoholic plants: Transferred to civil administration ... Buri... Spain, territorial cession of the Philippine Camona .. Islands to the United States (see Treaty Cocoanut. limits)............ Corn, indian. Spanish dominion established....... 175 Nipa or sasá.... Restoration of ..... Maize or indian corn Spanish methods... 167 Pugahan. Spanish occupation, conditions at the time Sasa .................. of............... 166 Sorghum ....... Springs, mineral ...... 10 Sugar cane.... Starch, manufacture of, and raw material. 96 Safflower, production of.. 74 Stations of United States troops......... 142, St. Michaels, area mainland and dependent 143, 144, 145, 146, 207 islands............. ....... 5,157, 158 Statistics, Bureau of.... Salicsican, production of....... Steamers cleared Cebu and Iloilo Jan., 1902. 198 Saline springs ..... 10 Steamship lines .... 197 Salt, manufacture of ..... 84 Stones, precious......... 84 Sámar, area mainland and dependent Straits Settlements (Great Britain).. islands... Submissions under certain conditions 136 Province .. Súbic, Bay of.... 15 (See Sámar, Gazetteer.) Suburbs, Manila..... 188 Comparison of authorities and discrepan- Sugar: cies as to area.. Exports from Philippine ports, 1890, 1899. 121 Mineral springs ........ Production of .... Rivers... Sugar cane, production of........ Population. Sulphur, deposits of.. By pueblos. Sulphur springs ........... Towns. Sulu Archipelago, area mainland and de- Minerals.... pendent islands. ........ 4, 157, 158 Light-houses ..... Groups of, area mainland and dependent Ports closed on account of mil islands. (See Sulu Archipelago.) ations reopened 154 Balanguingui .. Sampaguita, production of... 79 Pangutaran ... Sampaloc, Manila ...... 189 Sulu (Joló) .... San Bernardino: Tapul ........ (See San Bernardino, Gazetteer.) Tawi Tawi..... Straits .... 16 Dominant races ... Light-house .. 111 Population, total.. San Fernando Dilao (see Paco, Manila 189 By pueblos.. San José (see Trozo, Manila).. 189 Towns, number of.... San Miguel, Manila ... 189 Minerals...... San Nicolás, Manila........................ 188 Light-houses .... 10uses.................. 111 Santa Cruz, Manila......................... Occupied at Sulu and supreme authority Sarangani Island, most southeastern island of United States acknowledged. 137 of the Philippine Islands. (See Gazetteer.) Sulu (Joló), port of entry ... 105 Sasá, production of... 75 Sulu (Joló) group, area mainland and de- Schools.... .. 160 pendent islands ...... 5, 158 Educationalorganization and promotion. 160 (See Sulu (Joló), Gazetteer.) School year... 160 Population ... Teachers ...... 160 By pueblos.. Trade... 160 Towns.............. Normal...... 160 Special form of civil government pro- Nautical.. 160 posed... 158 Attendance.. 160 Sumatra (Netherlands, East Indies), com- Seas, Philippine ... parative view of.... Secret committees organized. 140 | Supervision of the police .... 31 156, 158 . oper- 949 OIOIOIOIOT 85 189 INDEX. 263 Page. 154 88, 112 1122 .... 113 189 5 *********. 155, 158 Page. Supervisor, provincial, duties. 153 Textile plants-Continued. Supplement.... ......... 195-208 Pineapple .... Surigao, arta mainland and dependent is- Ramie........ lands..... Rattan or bejuco .. Province ... ..... 156, 158 Tiagán, population by pueblos.. (See Surigao, Gazetteer.) Ticao, area mainland and dependent Population .... islands .............. ......... 5, 156, 158 By pueblos ....... (See Masbate and Ticao, Gazetteer.) Towns.......... Population.. Transferred to civil administration. By pueblos, including Masbate .... Mindanao, most easterly land of the Phil- Towns............. ippine Islands. (See Gazetteer.) Tidal observations..... Surrenders of insurgent leaders.... Timber (see Forests).... Tablas Island (Romblón). 158 Classification of Tagálogs, number and territory of 66 Species of.... Tapul Group, area mainland and depend- Licenses to cut ...... ent islands... . 5, 157, 158 Price of ...... (See Tapul, Gazetteer.) Government valuation of .... Population ... Demand in the archipelago and China... Towns. List of varieties of economic value....... Tariff: 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 Proclamation of a new, postponed. Time circuit, showing the sections of stand- Revision of, and regulations........ ard time between Washington and Ma- Report to the United States Philippine nila, continuing the circuit of the globe Commission ............ 112 to Washington ........................... Act to revise and amend the tariff laws of Time standard; when it is 12 noon at Wash- the Philippine Archipelago ............ 112 ington what it is at Honolulu, Guam, Digest of act.... 112 Manila, and points westward around the Revision, law of 1901, confirmation of, by globe ........ Congress .... Time ball at Manila..... • 198 Details of revision and customs applica- Tobacco, production of.. .. 75,96 tion and regulation ... ....... 113, 114 Tonkin (France (Indo-China)), compara- Tariff and customs, Spanish, continued in tive view of ... force ..... 112 Tondo, Manila Tárlac, area mainland and dependent Tonnage, statistics of... islands. Towns, population and number of ... Province ..... Sources of information compared .... (See Tárlac, Gazetteer.) Electors, proportion and qualifications of Population .... Number by grand divisions ....... By pueblos ... 48 Number by islands and provinces........ 27, Towns ......... Population of pueblos by islands or prov- Transferred to civil administration 154 inces, Spanish census 1887 and partial Tawi Tawi group, area mainland and de- census 1896 (see also Provinces) ........ 31 pendent islands ........ ...... 5, 157, 158 Alphabetical list of, in the Philippine Is- (See Tawi Tawi, Gazetteer.) lands (see Pueblos) ..................... 50-63 Population .......... Recognized as municipios..... 135 Towns............. Trade between the United States and the Taxation ....................... Philippines....... Internal improvements ..... Value of merchandise and exported by Tayabas: the United States in trade with the Area mainland and dependent island Philippine Islands by annual average, Province ...... ........ 155, 158 by decades, 1818-1897... .... (See Tayabas, Gazetteer.) Value of imports and exports of the United States in trade with the Philip- Population ,.,,, pine Islands, 1891 to 1900.......... 122 By pueblos ...,,.. Manila ............. 191 Towns..... Trade, carrying, vessels doing the ....... 117, 118 Transferred to civil administration Transport communication, United States .. 19 Telegraph communications: Treasurer, provincial duties.... 153 · Signal Corps lines ........ Treaty between United States and Spain, Stations, list of, on military lines doing terms of, affecting the Philippine Islands. 134 commercial business...... Treaty limits, the lines of international Regulations governing the transmission boundary defined by the treaty of peace of messages............................. between the United States of America Manila and Dagupan Railroad........... and the Kingdom of Spain, December (See Cable communications.) 10. 1898 .......................... Temperature.. .... 12, 13 Treaty of cession of islands outside of the Territorial divisions of the archipelago... lines defined in the treaty of peace, Areas mainland and dependent islands: December 10, 1898, Spain relinquishing Luzón ..... all title and claim to the islands of Marinduque. Cagayan, Sulu, and Sibutu, and their dindanao....... dependencies, and all other islands Mindoro......... belonging to the Philippine Archipel. Palagan......... ago ..............:::................. Sulu axchipelago.. Treaty of cession of additional islands..... 3,134 Visayan Islands Tribes, non-Christian: i rassigned: Population ... 19.janes, Number of tribes..... Distribution.. Cuyos.. Physical and political characteristics of. Textile plants: Troops, U. S. stations of .. 206 Abaca........ Trozo or San José, Manila. Agaye.. Trunk line association schedule of domestie Bejuco or rattan trans-Pacific fares and world-round trips Cabo negro. to U. S. possessions in Asia ... 19 Cotton ... 71 | Typhoon signals....... 199 Pandán... 122 122 Bay ..., ........ 66 66 189 71 264 INDEX. 5 11 127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 127 127 Page. Unión, area, mainland and dependent islands... Province ..... · 155, 158 (See Unión, Gazetteer.) Population ..... 27 By pueblos ........ 49 Towns..... United States, transfer of sovereignty to... Vegetable products, economic classification. Gramineous plants or grasses Textile plants ........ Oil-producing plants.. Dye and starch plants.... Saccharine and alcoholic plants.. Aromatic plants.... Medicinal plants.. Resins........ Gums or almácigas.. 79 Essence or essential oils ..... Vegetables ..... 79 Vegetables (see list of).... 79, 80 Verde Passage.......... Vice-governor appointed.... 159 Visayan military district created. Visayan Islands, area, mainland and de- pendent islands...... (See islands in Gazetteer.) Bohol .... Page, Water, Philippine Islands, area of ......... Weather observation, points of....... 14 Weather service: Establishment of bureau.. Weather stations ........ Forecasts and warnings....... Weights ......... Metrical system authorized by Revised Statutes ...... Metrical system continued in the Philip- pine Islands..... Metrical terms in common use........... Native and United States equivalents.. 127, 128 Winds ........ Wood lands, registry of private ownership required........................ Private, number of tracts owned. Woods (see Forests) ........ Groups of................................. Varieties of.... Prices of, in Manila ......... For cabinet and furniture work expected to find a market in the United States.. Exhibition of Philippine woods at furni- ture makers' convention and Pan- American Exhibition .. Successful competition with the best woods of Central and South America .. Cabinet, imports of, into the United States. See list of varieties of economic value.... 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 World powers, populations of, compared... Writing (see Alphabet)................. Y'ami Island, Batanes group, most northern island of the Philippine Islands. (See Gazetteer.) Ylang Ylang, production of..... Zacate (grass), production of .. Zambales, area, mainland and dependent islands ... Province .. ........ 155, 158 (See Zambales, Gazetteer.) Population .... By pueblos .. Towns.......... Zamboanga, area, mainland and dependent islands. Province ........ ** .156, 158 (See Zamboanga, Gazetteer.) Population.. By pueblos... Towns....... Zamboanga port of entry.... 105 Collection district, coast wise ports 109 Zinc deposits of. 88 C ebul .......................... ཅ9 ཀཀཀ ལས་ ༤ Leyte...... Masbate.... Burias..... Masbate... Ticao Negros Occidental Negros Oriental Panay ...... Antique .. Cápiz.. Iloilo ... Romblon ... Sámar ....... Dominant races Population, total. By provinces... Towns, number of.. Number and territory of .... Volcanoes: Active..... Extinct or dormant ....... Wages paid in Manila, April and May, 1900. 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 War, Secretary of, representative of the President of the United States in the ad- ministration of military and civil affairs in the Philippine Islands ..... 134 Washington, difference of time between, and Honolulu, Guam, Manila, and other points westward by steamer and land rates around the globe ...... ................... 150, 158 10 AN OFFICIAL PRONOUNCING GAZETTEER AND GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 265 AN OFFICIAL PRONOUNCING GAZETTEER AND GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. AANOSA (ah-ah-noh'-sah), nat.; village on W. | ABANGAY; river in island of Panay. shore of Talim I. in Laguna de Bay, Rizal, ABANGUL (ah-bahng-ool'), ver.; mountain in Luzon. Inhabitants engaged in working of Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon. quarries. ABÁOT (ah-bah'-ot), ver.; river rising in Gran ABAABO (ah-bah-ah'-boh), nat.; river in Mindoro Cordillera Central, Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon, in pueblo of Bulalácao, rising not far from SE. coast and emptying into the sea. and emptying into Margat Riy. ABÁS (ah-bahs'), ver.; river in Abra, Luzón, rising ABACÁ (ah-bah-cah'), nat.; hamlet in E. Panay, in foothills of Gran Cordillera Central, flow- Iloilo, NW. by W. of Banate, 7 m. ing NW., and entering Abra Riv. opposite - hamlet on inner slopes of Sundoan Mt., S. Búcay. central Sámar. - hamlet on r. bank of river of same name in ABAGA (ah-bah'-gah), ver.; hamlet on SE. shore Abra, Luzon, 10 m. SE. of Bangued. of Lake Lanao, Misamis, Mindanao. ABATAN (ah-bah-tahn'), ver.: river in SW. Bohol, ABAGATÁ (ah-bah-gah-tah'), nat.; creek in Zam- rising in headwaters of Salio and flowing bales, Luzón. SW., entering sea at Paminuitan, - point on coast of Zambales, Luzon. ABDULE (ab-doo'-lay), ver.; mountain in Bontoc, - bay on coast of Zambales, Luzon, forming Luzon. to S. of point of that name. ABGOT (ab-got'), ver.; mineral spring in Ilocos ABAGO (ah-bah'-goh), nat.; hamlet on r. bank of Sur, Luzón. main stream of Cagayán Riv., 19 m. above ABIÁN (ah-bee-ahn'), ver.; river tributary to Cagayan de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. Margat from E. in Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. - hamlet on E. shore of Cebú, 2, m. S. of ABÍJAO (ah-beel-how), ver.; hamlet, on SW. Cárcar. shore of bay in SE. Sámar, 3 m. NE. of - hamlet on W. coast of Leyte. Quinapundán. ABALILI (ah-bah-lee'-lee), ver.; river in island ABILAY (ah-bee-li'), ver.; hamlet in SE. Panay, of Panay. Iloilo, 5) m. W. by S. of Janiuay. ABÁN (ah-bahn'), ver.; hamlet on N. bank of Abra ABOABÓ (ah-boh-ah-boh'), ver.; town at S. point Riy., Abra, Luzón, 8 m. SE. of Bangued. of Bay of Islands, on E. coast of Palawan, 64 ABANATAN (ah-bah-nah'-tahn). ver.; tributary m. SW. of Puerto Princesa. of upper Margat in Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. ABOCAY (ABOKAY) (ah-boh'-ky), nat.; river en- ABANGARAN (ah-bung-ah'-run), nat.; stream en- tering Panalarum Bay on its S. shore, San tering mouth of Cagayán Grande Riv. oppo Juanico Str., NE. coast of Leyte. site Aparri, N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. ABOCAYAN (ah-boh-cah'-yahn), ver.; small port ABANGAY (ah-bahng-i'), ver.; hamlet in E. cen on SW. side of Puerto Princesa. (See Cordi- tral Panay, Iloilo, 2. m. S. by W. of Lambunao. llera de la Aldea.) ABRA, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Ah'-brah, Sp.) Capital: Bangued, lat. 17° 37' N., lon. 120° 39' E. Area: 1,484 sq.m. Population: 43,300; in 1887, 48,401. Race: Chiefly Tinguianes and Ilocanos. Language: Ilocano of the towns and Igorrote of certain villages. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Bangued to- Manila, S..... Vigan and the China Sea coast, W........ m. 213 18 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Abra, which takes its name from the river which drains the greater portion of its territory, lies in the NW. part of Luzon. It is bounded on the N. by Ilocos Norte, from which it is separated by a spur leaving the Cordillera del Norte at Pagsán Mt., 7,330 ft. high, and Cagayán; on the E. by Cagayán, from which it is in part separated by the Cordillera Central and by Isabela; on the S. by 267 268 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Bontoc, Lepanto, and Ilocos Sur, and on the W. by Ilocos Sur and Norte, from which it is separated by the SW. spur of the Cordillera del Norte. The W. boundary, 5 m. NE. of Vigan, Ilocos Sur, approaches within 7 m. of the China Sea. AREA. It measures 53 m. from N. to S. and 57 m. from E. to W. 234 sq. m. larger than the State of Rhode Island. Area, 1,484 sq. m., or PHYSICAL FEATURES. The Cordillera Central, leaving the boundary with Cagayán, crosses the E. part of the province from N. to S. and forms the watershed of the rivers entering, through the Cagayán Chico and Grande, the Pacific on the N. coast, and the tributaries of the Abra, which drains the entire W. part of the province into the China Sea on the W., across the province of Ilocos Sur. The Abra Riv. is the third in size in Luzón. It rises in two branches, one in the extreme N. and the other across the border, in the former comandancia of Lepanto, and uniting about 6 m. NE. of Bangued takes a W. direction to the sea, which it enters through 2 mouths. The topography is very rugged, small volcanic spurs extending in every direction. The soil is fertile, the valley lands being alluvial; the mountains are formed of siliceous rocks. KOADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The towns are connected by cart roads and trails which also extend into Cagayan on the E., Lepanto on the S., and Ilocos Sur toward the W. The latter line of com- munication connects with the main coast road which parallels the China Sea shore from the NW. to Lingayen Gulf on the S. and thence to Manila. This province being entirely surrounded by lofty mountains, the only entrance within its bounda- ries is along the bed of the Abra Riv. A main road is projected along the course of the river, and other roads from Pidigan to Pilar and Villa Vieja, and from Bangued to Tayum, Búcay, and San José; also from Bangued to San Gregorio and La Paz. These roads, if completed, would be the main arteries of commerce and traffic and would at once place the province in touch with industry and business and be the means of profitable intercourse. Direct communication between Bangued and Vigan is by river. There is a road as far as San Quintín, which is being extended. The usual means of river communication is by rafts, by punting or by towing by man power on the banks upstream, there being naturally no difficulty in descending. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population, according to a recent census, is 41,300 Ilocanos and 2,000 Igorrotes. The greater part of the province is occupied by Tinguianes. In the mountains are a few Negritos and Guinaanes. The most civilized of the inhabitants are Ilocanos. Ilocano is the language of the towns and Igorrote of certain villages. The tribes have dialects of their own-Tinguián, Basiao, and Guinaán. Although the population is small the people are of a superior class and desire American rule and American ways. The province is poor, but its natural resources combined with intelligent labor assure a prosperous development. Total population, combin- ing residents present and absent, native and Span- ish. census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 8, 292 Abra: Bangued. Búcay ... Dolores... La Paz. Pidigan .. Pilar ... San Gregorio .. San José de Manabo San Juan....... . San Quintín ........ Tayum.............. Villa Vieja ....... Tiagán (former comandancia) 2,538 1,133 1,739 1, 404 770 583 393 328 463 1,552 1,070 3,862 8,121 2,594 929 1,772 1, 469 794 648 415 386 495 1,649 1,079 3,921 16, 413 5, 132 2,062 3.511 2,873 1,564 1,231 808 714 960 3, 201 2,049 7, 783 48, 401 Total 24, 129 24, 272 BAMBOO RAFT ON WHICH THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION ASCENDED THE ABRA RIVER, ABRA, LUZÓN. These rafts carry 1,000 pounds and draw but 3 or 4 inches of water. TYPES OF MALAY-CHINESE AND MALAY-NEGRITO, LUZÓN. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 269 The following pueblo has been added since 1887: Alfonso XII: Population, 1896... 887 (For population under partial census of 1896 see page 31.) Estimated population of province, 1901.... ... 43,300 The population E. of the crest of the Cordilleras is estimated at from 5,000 to 8,000. There are 11 important towns and 68 villages. The following are the principal towns (in describing the towns the population in 1896 is generally given): Bangued; the capital, a military and telegraph station on the I. bank of the Abra Riv., 15 m. above its mouth. A fine road connects it with Vigan, on the main high- way. Pop., 13,417. Búcay; a military station on the l. bank of the S. branch of the Abra Riy., ESE. of Bangued. Pop., 2,461. Dolores; near the junction of the 2 tributaries of the Abra Riv., 8 m. NE. of Bangued. Pop., 2,970. La Paz; on the r. bank of the N. tributary of the Abra Riv., 7 m. NNE. of Bangued. Pop., 2,869. Pidigan; a telegraph and military station on the l. bank of the Abra Riv., 3 m. SW. of Bangued. Pop., 2,142. San Gregorio; on the r. bank of the Abra Riv., 4 m. N. of Bangued. Pop., 1,429. San Marcial; on a tributary of the Abra Riy., 8 m. S. of Bangued. San José; a telegraph and military station on a tributary of the S. branch of the Abra Riv., 11 m. SE. of Bangued. Pop., 1,285. San Quintín; a military and telegraph station on the 1. bank of the Abra Riv., 21 m. E. of the point of crossing into Ilocos Sur, 8 m. SW. of Bangued. Pop., 725. Tayum; a military station on a small tributary of the Abra Riv., 3 m. NE. of Ban- gued. Pop., 3,436. Villa Vieja; in the hills in the SW. angle of boundary between Abra and Ilocos Sur. Pop., 859. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The principai crops are tobacco, rice, and corn (of the latter two crops are harvested each year); cotton, sugar cane, and vegetables are also grown in the valleys in the mountains, which are exceedingly fertile. MINERALS. Important veins of copper exist in the region of Gamban, between Vigan and Ban- gued; coal at Pagano, near La Paz, and iron pyrites throughout the province. FORESTS. The summits of the mountains are covered with pine, oak, and other trees of the temperate zone. Rattan, honey, and wax constitute important articles of export. Large game, such as buffalo, wild boars, and deer, is abundant in the mountains; also monkeys. FRUITS. Tne pineapples, oranges, lemons, and strawberries are of fine quality. INDUSTRIES. The weaving of cotton cloth of various kinds and qualities is the principal mechan- ical industry. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. This province was the seat of operations during the early campaigns in N. Luzón. After the pacification of the country military posts were established at various points. Owing to the peaceful conditions these were discontinued. On February 15, 1902, no military stations were maintained in Abra. The persistent guerrilla warfare conducted in the province led to renewed aggreg- sive operations. In March, 1901, all the towns having been connected with the capital by telephone, these movements were so successfully carried on that within 3 days 4 officers, 234 riflemen, and 5,000 bolomen surrendered. The uncertainty of the inhabitants, caused by terrorizing them into contributions to support a guerrilla war- fare, with which they did not sympathize, was now completely overcome. After 270 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. their brief experience the people, finding that peace, order, protection to industry, and orderly government under the strong arm of the United States would insure them from depredations, resumed the work of planting, issues of rice, and salt in suitable quantities having been made by military orders to prevent starvation. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Abra was created under the “provincial government act" of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the Philippine Commission August 19, 1901, to embrace that territory in the island of Luzón known as the Province of Abra.'” The convention which met for that purpose is mentioned as one of the best and finest appearing representative bodies of men seen by the Commission during all its visits to different parts of the island. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States currency.] Governor ... ... $1,000 Secretary .... 900 Treasurer.. 1,200 Supervisor... 900 Fiscal ...... 900 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses not to exceed $2 per day, as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October to consider improvements needed and for other purposes prescribed by law. CONDITIONS. The establishment of industrial schools to teach proper methods of curing tobacco (which will be the chief wealth of the province) and of sawmills, grist mills, brick machines, and training men to run them, has been successfully inaugurated. The educational movement, under the auspices of the general government, has been very successful by the employment of both American and native teachers. The inhabit- ants of all the towns and of 2 of the Tinguianes barrios have made earnest requests for American teachers. After considerable experience the first American teacher in Abra expressed the opinion officially that Abra was not only thoroughly pacified, but that the people are content, comparatively prosperous, and happy. The general con- ditions are good, and will remain so until possibly some hot-head for personal reasons and private ends may attempt to stir up strife.” (Official report of the provincial governor of Abra, December, 1901.) ABRA (ah-brah). Sp.; third of rivers of Luzón. | ABRA (ah-brah), Sp.; peak in Caraballos Occi- Descending from N. slope of Data, in Lepanto, dentales, Abra, Luzon. in opposite direction to river Agno Grande, it gathers in beginning waters of N. and W. ABRA DE APITÓN (ah/-brah day ah-pee-ton'), slopes of Datá. Of its tributaries Súyuc, hay- Hisp.: creek on SE. coast of Panay. (See ing its source on S. declivity of same moun Apitón Strait.) tains, forms great curve toward S., then runs ABRA DE ÍLOG (ah'-brah day ee'-log); pueblo toward N., and empties into Abra between towns of Mancayán and Cervantes, volume of N. Mindoro. (See Ílog, Abra de.) Pop. (1896), water being then considerable. Its general 1,272. Also creek and mountain in same direction from Cervantes to Angaqui, near place. mountain range of Tila, and in E. part, is ABRLATAO (abr-lah-tow'), ver.; hamlet of Nueva from S. to N. as far as Tayum, in Abra. There Vizcaya, Luzón, 13 m. NE. of Bayombong by it describes semicircle in S. direction and road. soon continues in SW. course, passing through mountain range which separates Abra from ABRUPT, for.; head of NE. point of Cadlao I., Ilocos Sur, and having watered boundaries NW. coast of Palawan. of Bangued, Pidigan, and San Quintín, di- vides within Ilocos Sur, near Santa, into 2 ABSOLAN (ab-soh'-lahn), ver.: town on E. coast branches, which not far from Vigan empty at of central Palawan. Victoria Peak rises 16 m. different points into China Sea. Its length is W. by S. about 100 m. Besides Súyuc it receives as ABÚ (ah-boo'), nat.; peak 5,540 ft. (1,662 meters) tributary Tinog, formed by union of Anayan and Calúan, which gather waters from S. high, in Cabusilan range, Luzón. slopes of Pagsán. It flows from NE. to SW., ABUAL (ah-bwahl'), ver.; river in Luzón. and increases its volume, near La Paz, by addition of waters of several rivers which rise ABUALAN (ah-bwah-lahn), ver.: town of Abra, in mountains-Liputen, Mabulusan, Cusa, Luzón, in Mamagued Mts., 14 m. NE. of Ban- Balatinao, and Maonayud-until between gued. Dolores and San Gregorio, where it joinsABÚCAY (ah-boo'ky), nat.: pueblo W. shore of main branch of Abra. Other less important Manila Bay, 2, m. N. of Balanga, in Bataan, tributaries are Mala nao, Baay, Abás, Mame- bel, Bulloc, Damunil, Ulip, Balasian, and Luzon. Pop., 7,185. Is post-office station. Dicapen, all on r. bank, which gather waters - summit 873 ft. E. by N. of Súbic, N. shore from W. slope of central Caraballos. of Subic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 271 ABÚCAY (ah-boo-ky), nat.; river rising in Lake ACUDINING (ah-coo-dee-ning'), ver.; cluster of Sapongan or Maynit, in the NE. part of Suri peaks of extinet volcanoes in Sierra Dagami gao, Mindanao, and flowing S. divides into and Daganan ranges, near Burauen, Leyte. ADANGA (ah-dahng'-ah), ver.; hamlet in Ambos mouths on the E. shore of bay of Butúan. Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 15 m. SE. of Nueva ABUCO (ah-boo'-coh), ver. (See Capul, on that Cáceres. ADÁOAY (ah-dah-oh-i), ver.; pueblo of Benguet ABÚGUL (ah-boo-gool), ver.; point on NW. coast N. of Baguio, Luzón. Pop., 490. of Burias I., Visayan I's. ADÁVANG (ah-dah'-vahng), ver.; hamlet in Ben- ABÚLAY (ah-boo'-li), ver. (See Abúlug Riv., Ca guet, Luzon. Pop., 312. ADDISON, for.: peak at end of spur N. by E. of ABÚLUG (ah-boo-loog), ver.; pueblo N. coast of Mantalingajan, S. coast of Palawan. Cagayán, Luzón, on r. bank of Abúlay Riv., 14 m. NW. of Aparri, of considerable trade - point on E. coast of Palawan, one of heads and fishing. Pop., 5,880. of Deep Bay. ADLOBANG (ad-loh-bahng'), ver.; important river - river of Cagayán, Luzón, emptying into Pacific Ocean at Barra de Pamplona, 15% m. in Mindoro, sometimes called Naújan, rising in higher elevations of interior and flowing in SE. by E. from Pala Pt. NE. direction, entering Visayan Sea at Naú- - chain of mountains 6 m. inland, between jan town, on NE. coast. About 5 m. above its Pamplona Riv. and E. slopes of Gran Cordi mouth it receives from SE. outlet of Naujan llera Central, overlooking bay between Pala Lake. Dry bed of lake in rainless season is Pt. and Cape Engaño, N. coast of Luzon. m. wide. ABUNABUN (ah-boo-nah'-boon), ver.; hamlet on AFIF (ah-feef'), ver.; point on NE. coast of Mas- bate I., Visayas. timas Pt., on E. coast of Illana Bay, Cotabato, AFUÓN, or ALIRAN, or ABULÚAN (ah-foo-ohn', Mindanao. ah-lee'-rahn, ah-boo-loo'-ahn), ver.; river in ABUNDAO (ah-boon-dah'-oh), ver.; pueblo Ben Luzón. guet. Pop., 1887, 271. AGABOS (ah-gah-bohs'), ver.; in Lepanto, Luzón; ABÚNGAB (ah-boong'-ahb), ver.; river of Nueva hills in vicinity contain copper. Vizcaya, Luzon, tributary to Margat Riv. AGANMALA (ah-gahn-mah-lah), ver.; peak 4,700 from SE. ft. (1,410 meters) high, in ridges of Ilocos ABUNGAN (ah-boong!-ahn), nat.; river entering Norte, Caraballos Occidentales, Luzón. on S. shore of Bảcul Bay, extreme NE. coast AGASIJAN (ah-gah-seel-hahn), ver.; mountain in of Iloilo, Panay. Bohol, 1. m. SW. of Sevilla. ABANGUL (ah-bahng-ool'); mountain of consider- AGA-OA (ah-gah' wah), ver.; hamlet of Bontoc, able elevation in Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón, in Luzón. Pop., 400. pueblo de Bagábag. AGAUAN (ah-gah'-wahn); river in Masbate. ABUTAON (ah-boo-tah'-ohn), ver.; river rising in AGAYAJAN (ah-gah-yah'-hahn), ver.; hamlet in W. and entering Grande de Cagayán Riv. Leyte, at head of narrow inlet of Leyte Bay, through main stream at Ilagan. 3 m. S. of Leyte. ABÚYOG (ah-boo'-yohg), ver.; pueblo on E. coast AGAYUB (ah-gah-yoob'), ver.; river in Leyte, of Leyte, 33 m. S. of Tacloban along coast. draining SW. slopes of Naguang Mt. and Pop., 9, 112. emptying into Bao Riv. AGBAGO (ag-bah'-goh), ver.; hamlet on 1. bank -- mountain in Leyte, 5 m. W. of Hinunangan. of Ibájay Riv., 2 m. S. of Ibajay, in Cápiz, ABUYON (ah-boo'-yohn), ver.; hamlet on E. shore Panay. of Port Sorsogon, Albay, Luzón, 25 m. SE. of AGBALÁN (ag-bah-lahn'), ver.; mountain in C4- Albay. piz, Panay, 4 m. SE. of Jimeno. ACAGASAN (ah-cah-gah-sahn), ver.; point in island of Lúbang. AGBALO (ag-bah-loh), ver.; hamlet in Panay, Cápiz, 4 m. NW. of Pontevedra, on main road ACAL (ah-cahl'), ver.; point on N. extreme of Rapurapu I., off E. coast of Albay, Luzón. AGBANGÁ (ag-bahng-ah'). ver.; hamlet on sw. ACANTILADA (ah-cahn-tee-lah-dah), Sp.; ham- coast of Leyte, 2 m. SW. of Matalom. let SE. of Bold Pt., on E. shore of Palawan. AGBATÁN (ag-bah-tahn'),ver.; river in island of - conspicuous point on E. coast of Palawan, Romblon. 3m. S. by W. of Timtion hamlet. - E. head to Romblon Port, Romblon, Vi- - cape in Palawan. sayas. ACDÁN (ak-dahn'), ver.; mountain in island of AGBINTÁ (ag-been-tah'), yer.; crater of Panay Guimarás. near extreme W. boundary, 14 m. NW. of - point in extreme SW. of Antique, Panay: Concepción, Iloilo. to W. volcanic mountain forms the promon-1 AGBUAI (ahg-bwi'), nat.; point on NE. shore of tory of extreme SW.of island. Sicogon 1., off NE. coast of Iloilo, Panay. ACHA (ah'-chah), nat.; small island in midehan- AGCÁ (ag-cah'), ver.; hamlet in Samar, 8 m. NE. nel of entrance to Dumanguilas Bay, S. coast of Basey. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. AGCAROPE (ag-cah-roh'-pay), ver.; mountain in - point on NW. coast of Bohol, 3! m. NW. of Iloilo, Panay, 8 m. E. of Banate. Ubay. AGCAUAYAN (ag-cah-wah'-yahn), nat., creek in - small estuary about center of Ragay Bay, island of Lúbang. Tayabas, Luzón. hamlet in extreme S. of Concepción, Iloilo, ACLÁN (ac-lahn'), ver.: river in Panay 45 m. long, Panay, 8 m. S. of Lemery, near NE. shore of rising at foot of Mount Opao and emptying large bay on S. coast. into sea at Calivo, Cápiz. - (AGCANAYAN) town on E. shore of Lubang point in the same island. I., W. of Batangas, Luzón. - rock off N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, opposite - Bay off town of same name E. shore of which enters river of same name. Lúbang I., W. of Batangas, Luzón. AGDAAN (ah-dah-ahn'),ver.: several small islands Tañón, 3 m. S. of Balambán, W. coast of Cebú. adjacent to E. coast of Sámar. ACSUBING (ac-soo-beeng'): section of Cebú I. AGDAJON (ag-dah'-hohn), nat.; hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, 4 m. SE. of Cuartero. ACTÁ (ac-tah'), ver.; point in W. part of island of AGIO (ah'-hew), ver.; extreme SE. point of Bo- Biliran, hol I. 272 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. AGLÁ, or AGTA (ah-glah', ag'-tah), ver.; extreme | AGOÓ (a-go-oh'), ver.; pueblo Unión, Luzón, on S. point of Polillo I. and N. headland of chan coast highway, 20 m. S. of San Fernando. nel entrance to Lamón Bay, N. side of Pop., 1896, 10,050. Jomálig I. AGOS (ah'-gohs), nat., riveron coastof Infanta, Lu- AGLACAIGÁN (ah-glah-ky-gahn'), ver.; river in zón, emptying into channel separating island Panay. of which Inaguican is extreme SE. point from mainland. Binangonan de Lampon, the capi- AGLAJAN (ah-glah'-hahn), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, tal, lies 1 m. S. of this river, about midway of Panay, 2 m. NW. of Passi. its course between Cordillera and sea. AGLALACAY (ah-glah-lah-ky') ver.; hamlet on AGOSAN (ah-goh'-sahn), nat.; river emptying at SE. shore of Camansí Bay, N. coast of Cápiz, point of same name on the W. shore of Súbic Panay. Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. AGLANA (ah-glah'-nah), ver.; hamlet in Cápiz, AGÓTAY (ah-goh'-ti), ver.; mountain on 1. bank Panay, 12 m. S. of Dumarao. of Ibájay Riv., in Panay, on boundary be- AGLINAB (ah-glee-nahb'), ver.; hamlet in Cápiz, tween Antique and Cápiz. Panay, 5 m. S. of Tapás. AGOTAYAN (ah-goh-tah'-yahn), ver.; mountain AGLOTOMO (ah-gloh-toh'-moh) Tag.; river enter- in Cápiz, Panay, along SE. slope of which flows the Maindang Riv. ing China Sea in Bataan, Luzón. AGPITAN (ag-peel-tahn), nat.; island off NW. AGLUYA (ah-gloo'-yah), ver.; crater in Cápiz, coast of Marinduque in N. approach to Bana- Panay. On its S. slopes Badbaran Riv. takes calan Port, NW. coast of Marinduque I. its rise, 9 m. SE. of Dumarao. AGRAM (ah-grahm'), ver.; river in Luzón. AGMATAYÓ (ag-mah-tah-yoh'), ver.; mountain AGSABO (ag-sah'-boh), ver.; river of Mindanao. in central range of Iloilo, Panay, on line of boundary with Antique, 7 m. W. by S. of AGSUBAY (ag-soo-by'), ver.: mountain of Cápiz. Lambunao. Panay, near W. boundary of Concepción, 6 m. NW. of Lemery. AGNÁN (ag-nahn') ver.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, AGTÁ (ag-tah'), ver.; extreme S. point of Polillo 15 m. SE. of Bangued. I. (See Aglá Pt.) - river of Iloilo, Panay, which rises in AGTAMAYO (ag-tah-mah'-yo), ver.; mountain in mountains on boundary with Antique. Panay AGNO (ag'-noh), ver.; second in importance AGTAMBI (ag-tahm-bee), ver.; hamlet in Cápiz, among rivers of Luzón, rising on N. slope of Panay, 1 m. W. of Cuartero. Mount Data, near boundary between Benguet and Lepanto and Nueva Vizcaya. Length AGTAMOA (ag-tah-moh'-ah), ver.; crater in Cápiz, about 128 m. Crosses Benguet from N. to s. Panay, on border toward Concepción, 9 m. S. and Pangasinan from NW. to SE. at first. of Pontevedra. Between San Nicolás and Tayug it forms AGTANGUAY (ag-tahng-wi'), ver.; hamlet in Ca- great sweep, which continues from NE. to piz, Panay, 41 m. W. of Mayón. SW., passing through Rosales, Alcalá, and AGTAROBO (ag-tah-roh'-boh), ver.; mountain in Bayambang. After receiving waters of river Tárlac a little farther S. it inclines toward Panay. NW., watering boundaries of Urbiztondo and AGTATACAY (ag-tah-tah-ky'), ver.; hamlet in Aguilar. Dividing into 2 branches near Sa Noilo, Panay, 3 m. NE. of Pototan. lasa, one flows toward NE, and ends in Dagu AGTUNGANON (ag-toong-ah'-nohn), ver.; moun- pan, other flows toward W., and after receiv- tain in Mindanao. ing near San Isidro, waters of branch of first, AGUA BENDITA (ah'-gwah bayn-deel-tah), Sp. which passes by town of Lingayen, pours into (means holy water); hamlet on Binanan I., W. part of Lingayen Gulf. There are many tributaries to Agno Grande on account of 2. m. S. of Ajuy, Iloilo, Panay. broken country through which it runs, but AGUA (ah-gwah) sp.; pueblo in Bontoc. Pop., those which carry most water are received in Cn. 1887, 251. second half of its course, principal being Tár AGUADA (ah-gwah'-dah), Sp.; point on N. side of lac and Camiling, which empty into it on 1. arm in entrance to Eran Bay, W. coast of Pa- in vast plains of Pangasinan.Other tribu lawan. taries on 1. are Angbayabang, Matablán, Ni- - point on N. shore of Ambolón I., in Sulu bobon, Agra, Olo, Julaguit, Soboc, Salomague, Sea, #m. SW. of Ylin I., Mindoro. and Dumulo. Of those on r. bank, which are not so numerous, the principal are Agno - hamlet on S. shore of Basilan I., Sulu A. Chico, Catablas, Macalang, and Sinuncalan. - cluster of islets off NE. coast of Busuanga I.. - pueblo Zambales, Luzón, on China Sea Calamianes group, 7 m. SE. by E. of Caluit Pt. coast, 55 m. N. W. of Iba, 2 m. NE. of Lum- -- mountain summit 3,264 ft. high, in Ton- baba Pt. Has important coast trade and is dido elevations, on extreme NW. coast of connected with main roads along coast at Mindoro. Dasol, 11 m. E. Pop., 5,002. - hamlet on NE. shore of Puerto Princesa, E. AGNO CHICO (ag-noh chee-coh), Hisp.; branch coast of Palawan. of Agno Riv. - one of numerous islets Sw. of island of AGNO GRANDE (ag'-noh grahn'-day), Hisp.; Capul, in estuary at mouth of straits of San point in Zambales. Bernardino, Visayan Sea. - river ii. Luzón. (See Agno Riv.) - peak 608 ft. high, center of Cuyo I., Cuyos group, Mindoro (Sulu Sea. AGO (ah'-goh), nat.; one of a number of small - point S. of Catbalogan, W. coast of Sámar. streams in Tarlac, Luzon. AGUAGÚAN (ah-gwah-goo'-ahn), Tag. ; 'point on AGOJO (ah-goh'-hoh), ver.; point in Sámar. S. shore of Bataan, Luzón. -point 5 m. S. of Sialat Pt., SW. shore of AGUASA (ah-gwah'-sah), ver.; creek in Tayabas, Catanduanes I., Luzón; is low and covered Luzón. with mangroves. AGUAS CALIENTES (ah'-gwas cah-leea yn'-tays), -town on N. shore of Camiguin I., near Ca Sp. (means hot waters); hamlet on W. coast of miguín Pt., off N. coast of Misamis, Minda Cebú, 4 m. NE. of Asturias. nao. Sand Cay, about 700 yds. in extent and AGUDO (ah-goo'-doh). Sp.: mountain in Ambos 6 ft. above the sea, lies #m. NW. of town. Camarines, Luzón. - hamlet on NW. coast of Camiguín, at foot mountain in NE. Mindanao. of great cone, 4,797 ft. above sea. - peak 3,442 ft. (1,038 meters) high, in Cabu- - point in same island. silan Range, Luzón, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 273 MINDANAO, NORTH COAST MOUTH OF AGUSAN RIVER Scale is too Reconnaissance by officers of the U.S.S. Leyte. Position (approx.) Lat. 8° 57' N, Long. 125° 30' E. of Gr. Soundings at low water stakes look as shown Hocked by sunken rocks Previous charnel now COUPS lub St East 10 6 Mon BUTUAN White Monument 2 . 2 Town of Butuan Nautical mile Xaloraste 4644 No. 4642 S. Doc. 280— 18 274 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. AGUIBATANGAL (ah-gee-bah-tahng-ahl'. ver.; AIRY, for.: elevation in Peel Mt. (g.v.), Palawan. river, W. tributary forming Pamplona (q. v.) Range then trends to S. in Cagayán, Luzon. AJUS (ah'-hoos), ver.; point SE. of Catanauan ÁGUILA (ah'-gee-lah), Sp. (means eagle); hamlet Bay, Tayabas, Luzón. on W. coast road Antique, Panay, 1, m. W. ofÁJUY (ah'-hooy), ver.; bay and river W. of Abra inland town of Salde. de Apitón, 54 m. SW. of Concepción, Iloilo, AGUILAR (ah-gee-lahr'), Sp.; town in Pangasi SE. coast of Panay. Bay, 31 m. wide, is nán, Luzón, on Agno Riv.road, 9, m. S. of Lin- sheltered from the NE. River enters on N. gayén. Pop., 4,412. shore and leads to town of same name. In - hamlet in E. coast range of Guimarás I., middle of bay are Binanan islets. On W. 5. m. SE. of Nagaba. shore are towns of Mangurukuru and Pili. Sal islets are off Pili. AGUIMITAN (ah-gee-mee'-tahn), ver.; mountain in Mindanao. - pueblo in district of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay. Pop., 1896, 11,000. AGUIRRE (ah-geel-rray), Sp.; port on E. side of AKDÁN (ak-dahn'), ver.; summitin E. coast range Timpasan I., of Canahauan group, near SW. point of Canahauan-Dacó, off W. coast of of Guimarás I., visible from W. coast of Negros Sámar. across intervening strait. AGUJA DE CLEOPATRA (ah-goo'-hah day clay- - point and river 9 m. SE. of Agpá Pt., on N. oh-pah'-trah), Sp.; mountain in Palawan. coast of Cápiz, Panay. Calivo lies 2. m. S. River rises in Madia-ås Mts. and flows due N., AGUN (ah'-goon), ver.; mountain in Mindoro. passing towns of Libacao, Madalag, Malinao, AGUNDAT (ah-goon-daht'), ver.; cape on SE. coast Numancia, and Calivo, besides number of of Mindanao. hamlets. At Madalag terminates beautiful AGUNGUN (ah-goong'-oon), ver.; hamlet in lake through which current of river passes in Negros Occidental, 3, m. E. of Valladolid. its course toward sea. AGUNOB (ah-goo-nob'), ver; bay on W. coast of ALA (ah-lah), Sp.: point on extreme NE. shore Leyte, S. of Palompón. of Balut I., Sarangani Is., SE. of Lajan pt., S. of Mindanao. AGÚPANG (ah-goo'-pahng), ver.; mountain in N. part of island of Guimaras, Visayan group. ALABAT (ah-lah-baht), Tag.; island in S. waters of Lamón Bay, great estuary of Pacific Ocean AGUS (ah'-goos), nat. (means current); river in on W. and N. of Tayabas, Luzon. It is 15 m. Mindanao. from SE. to NW. On SE. shore opposite and - town in Bontoc. Pop., 1887, 251. 5 m. across channel from Calauang town in AGUSAN (ah-good-sahn), nat.; one of the longest Tayabas, Luzón, isinland town of Silang. On and most important rivers of Mindanao. Rises NW. shore opposite Maubán, same province, on N. slope of Tagníbay Mt. in extreme S. por- is town of Panjirin, which is well-sheltered tion of E. coast range in Davao, within 44 m. of port with good holding ground. Passage on Cape San Agustín, extreme S. headland of SE. Ē. side is free of danger. peninsula of Mindanao; thence pursuing N. - point at entrance to San Pedro Bay, 2 m. course, receiving drainage of narrow valley WNW. of Capines Pt., Sámar. between E. coast range and elevations along ALAD (ah-lahd'), ver.; island 2 m. E. and W.1 m. E. shore of Davao Gulf. At distance of 44 m. off NW. coast of Romblon I. (q. v.). in direct line it crosses border of Davao into Surigao; thence taking trend N. by W., receiv- ALAG, or MANDAON (ah-lag', mahn-dah-ohn'), ing numerous tributaries, and with number ver.; inner part of Nin Bay (9.v.), Masbate I. of towns along its path; after course of 51 m. ALAMINOS (ah-lah-mee'-nohs), Sp.; inland ham. enters lake Sadocun on its S, shore. After let of Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. W. of Madalag. discharging waters of upper main stream and -pueblo in Laguna, Luzón, 19 m.sw.of Santa tributaries into this chain of lakes-Sadocun, Cruz on main road to Manila. Pop., 4,600. Dagun, and Pinayat, continues its course toward sea, again receiving numerous trib- - pueblo in Zambales, Luzón. Pop., 8,008. utaries, and with many towns upon its banks, ALANCAO NAPANGPANG (ah-lahn-cow' nah- the most important of which is Butúan (q.v.), pahng-pahng'), nat.; bay with good anchor- it enters Butuan Bay across extensive delta, age forming NE. arm of Panlatúan port, SW. outletting through 3 mouths into SE. angle of coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. Butúan Bay, on N. coast of Mindanao-total ALANGÁLANG (ah-lahng-ah'-lahng), nat.; pneblo length of 126 m. in direct line almost due N. of importance in Leyte, on r. bank of Gaba- It drains entire valley of central Surigao from yong Riv., 11 m. S. by W. of Tacloban. Pop., S. to N., averaging from 40 to 50 m. wide from 8,602. summit to summit. ALAP (ah-lahp'), ver.; pueblo of Bontoc, Luzón, - pueblo SE. shore of Macajalar Bay, N. coast 10 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 713. Pop. of town- of Misamis, Mindanao, 6 m. NE. of Cagayan ship, 849. de Misamis. Pop., 1896, 934. ALAPASCO (ah-lah-pahs'-coh), ver.; mountain of AGÚTAY (ah-goo'-tí), ver.; point in island of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, on boundary with Sibuyán. Cápiz, 13 m. sw. of Carlés. AGUTAYA (ah-goo-tah'-yah), ver.; island 950 ft. | ALARÍN (ah-lah-reen'). ver.; mountain of Luzón, high, 4, m. N. to S., and 2, m. E. to W. Larg- forming the boundary between Pampanga est and chief member of N. islands of Cuyos SE., Bulacan NE., and Nueva Ecija E. group: 97 m. E. by N. of Tay-Tay, Palawan. ALAS (ah-las'), ver.; bay on W. coast of Masbate. -- pueblo and N. islands of Cuyos group; situated on W. coast of Agutaya İ., 22 m. N. -- narrow inlet on NE. side of Nin Bay, SW. of Cuyo; principal town of s. islands of same coast of Masbate, Visayas. group, and 99 m. E. by N. of Tay-Tay, Pala -- point on E. side of entrance to bay of same wan, Island is defended by a small fortress. name, W. coast of Masbate. Pop., 2,046. ALASA (ah-lah'-sah), Tag.; river in Cavite, Luzón. AGUTAYAN (ah-goo-tah'-yahn), ver.; hamlet in ALAS-AS (ah-las-as'), ver.; hamlet in Cápiz, Pa- Iloilo, Panay, 14 m. N. of Dueñas. Và nay, 4 m. NW. of Libacao. village on Balábac I., off SW. extreme of ALATUD (ah-lah-tood'). ver.: tributary of blog Palawan. Riv. (q. v.), Negros Occidental. - mountain at headwaters of Tigpulúan Riv., ÁLAVA (ah'-lah-vah), Sp.; town in Abra, Luzón, Antique, Panay, 10 m. E. of Sibalom. in Mamagued Mts. at headwaters of Tineg AINAUAN (i-now-ahn), ver.; tributary of Agusan Riv., 18 m. NE. of Bangued. Pop., 6, 100. Riv. which enters that stream 7 m. above - pueblo in Pangasinan, Luzón, near Unión Talacogon in Surigao, Mindanao. boundary, 21 m. NE. of Lingayen, Pop., 6,100. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 275 ALAVIGAN (ah-lah-veel-gahn), ver.; point in Sámar. ALAYA (ah-lah-yah), ver.; point on E. coast of Mindoro. (See Ticlín.) ALAZASIN (ah-lah-thah'-seen), ver.; one of numerous small islands to N. of Negros. ALBAGUÉN (al-bah-gayn'), Sp.; extreme and largest of group of islands 570 ft. high, 18 m. long, in entrance to Barton Bay, 2. m. S. of Boayen I., W. coast of Palawan. Conical head is connected with it. Landslide forming a red strip on NW. has peculiar effect from sea. ALBAY, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Ahl-by', ver.) Capital: Albay, lat. 13° 10 N., lon. 123° 43' E. Area: 899 sq. m. mainland; 98 sq. m. islands; total, 997 sq. m. Population: Census of 1887, 195, 129, exclusive of Catanduanes. Race: Vícoles. Language: Bícol or Vícol almost exclusively. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Legaspi, port of Albay, to- Manila.. Cebu.. Iloilo.... Air. Sea. m. m. 213 414 200 241 188) 259 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. 19. On the Nobipacific coast from of Lagonoy, na boundary The province occupies the central strip of the narrow neck of land between Ambos Camarines and Sorsogon provinces, the latter the extreme SE. end of Luzon toward the Visayan Islands. Both the land and sea boundaries of Albay are very circuitous. Beginning on the shore of the Ragay Gulf, an arm of the Mindoro Sea, it pursues an E. and NE. course to the W. shore of Lagonoy Gulf on the Pacific Ocean side, a dis- tance of 29 m.(direct). On the N. lies the province of Ambos Camarines. Its E. bound- ary follows the irregularities of the Pacific coast from Gorda to Paguirira Pts., a distance of 454 m., and forming the W. shore of the gulfs of Lagonoy, Tabaco, and Albay. From Paguirira Pt., separating Sorsogon province on the S., the boundary takes a wavy trend of 302 m. W. to NW. of Donsol on the opposite coast. From Donsol to Cadburauan Pt. the Mindoro Sea bounds it on the S. On the W. from Cadburauan Pt. to place of beginning, 32 m. in a NW. direction, lies the Ragay Gulf. The Visa- yan I. of Burias is 97 m. SW. of Albay. AREA. »: termination of and breadth ESE Gorda Pt. N. to + NW; boundaSSE. to wda Pt Its greatest length from N. to S. is 44 m. from Gorda Pt. N. to the terminus of the boundary NW. of Donsol S., and breadth ESE. to WNW. 511 m. between Paguirira and the W. termination of the N. boundary 37 m. NW. of Vigía de Palo Pts., the average distances being 29 m. NW. to SE. and 31 m. E. to W., area 899 sq. m., exclu- sive of dependent islands. The narrowest point between the opposite coasts is 13 m. from the SW. shore of Albay Gulf to the W. terminus of the S. boundary. The main- land and islands represent an acreage of 575,360, or about 119,040 a. less than the State of Rhode Island. The province of Albay has now a larger population than the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Georgia aggregated in 1800. shore bands. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The province is generally rugged and volcanic. It possesses exceptional interest to the scientist on account of the presence on its E. borders of the volcano Mayón, which arises 2,573 meters (8,504 ft.) out of an extensive plain. It is 8 m. N. by W. of Albay capital, and its plume-like halo of vapor is visible for miles on land and sea. The last eruption occurred March 9, 1900. A chain of mountains traverses the prov- ince from E. to W., terminating on the E. in the majestic summit of Mayon. About 124 m. NW. of Mayón volcano is the Malínao or Buhi Mt., between Mayon and Buhi. About 7 m. NW. of Mayon rises Masaraga, 1,554 meters (5,244 ft.) high. Another authority says 860 meters (2,866 ft.), and about 9 m. NW. of Mayón, Malinao, an extinct volcano, about 920 meters (3,066 ft.) high. Along the W. border near the coast extends the main range of S. Luzon, which comes down with a SE. trend from 276 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Mount Labo, a lofty summit 1,552 meters (5,238 ft.) at the intersection of the bound- aries of 2 provinces Ambos Camarines and Tayabas. This main range divides the drainage of the province to the Pacific on the E. and the Mindoro Sea on the W. The sides of Mayón, Masaraga, and Malinao have their own drainage directed by the local characteristics of the surface. Numerous streams rising in the 3 moun- tains water the fertile valleys and plains. In the NW. lies the lake of Bató, about 4 m. in diameter, the N. boundary of the province crossing its center. This lake receives the waters of Inaya Riy. This important stream rises in the extreme SE. part of the province near Daraga, within 3 m. of the S. boundary, 41 m. W. of Albay, and 5 m. from the nearest point on Albay Bay. Taking a NW. direction it traverses the entire cen- tral portion of the province, a distance of 22 m., receiving the drainage of the W. slopes of Mayón volcano, and Masaraga that of the E. watershed of the main coast range. After discharging into Bató Lake its great volume, uniting with the drainage of Ambos Camarines, continues in a NW. course as the Bícol Riv., finding an ocean outlet in San Miguel Bay on the Pacific coast, 35 m. NW. In the NE. part of the province, near the Malinao and Buhi Mt., is a remarkable center of Thermal Springs. The most interesting are the hot springs of Igabo and the stalactite springs of Nagle- beng. Jägor, the celebrated German scientist and traveler, says of them: “Similar examples occur in Iceland and in New Zealand, but the products of the springs of Tibi (Buhi) are more varied, finer, and more beautiful.” The medicinal properties are similar (Tivi) to those of the Arkansas hot springs. He states the great siliceous beds of the springs of Nevada possess similar formations. araga that of that volume, unicol Riv., finding BAYS AND HARBORS. On the E. shore are the bays of Tabaco and Albay, with numerous arms running inland with ports of shipment to Manila for the hemp output. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The province is well supplied with roads, which are being kept in good repair or extended. From Tivi, a wagon way follows the seashore to the S., connecting the coast towns of Malínao, Tabaco, and Malilipot, 2. m., S. of which latter town a branch road goes E. to Bacacay. Another road leaves the main line for Libog, which is also connected by direct road with Bacacay, thus bringing the N. coast of Albay Bay in direct road communication with Tabaco Bay. This road was destroyed near Legaspi. The main road continues to Legaspi and hence to Albay. Along the main highway are numerous villages. Another road beginning at Albay follows the course of the Inaya Riv., connecting the important towns of Daraga, Camálig, Guinobatan, Ligao, Oás, and Polangui. At this E. point a branch connects with Libong. The main road continuing in a NW. direction, crossing into Ambos Camarines (Sur) via Bató, on the N. shore of that lake, from which point it continues to Nueva Cáceres and beyond. There are also numerous cart, horse, and foot trails running into the main roads. The nearest water route to Manila is to the E. and S. via San Bernardino Strait; thence NW. across the Mindoro Sea through the Verde Passage to Cape Santiago; thence N. along the W. coast of Batangas province to off Limbones I., NE. into Manila Bay to Manila. Total, 414 m. approximately. POPULATION AND TOWNS. Of the population, 195, 129, all but 7,000 approximately are Bícol (Vícols). The wild tribes are chiefly Guinaanes and a few Igorrotes in the more isolated mountain regions. The official population of 1887 showed an aggregate of 293,779. The Vícols, the dominant race, have been peaceably inclined from the beginning. The petty disturbances attempted were due to outside leaders usually from Manila, who were promptly apprehended by the local constabulary, an efficient body, and imprisoned. MAYON VOLCANO, FROM LEGASPI, ALBAY, LUZÓN. TINGUIANES OF THE PROVINCE OF ABRA, LUZÓN. Types of tribes still in a savage state, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 277 Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men Women. Total, 5, 923 5,184 7,029 2,068 3,933 2, 255 10, 694 1,753 7,396 Albay : Albay .......... Bacacay. Bacón............. Barcelona ......... Bulan ........ Bulusan.. Cagsaua ...... Calolbong Camálig Caramoran. Casiguran... Castilla............... Catanduanes Bagamanoc Catanduanes Bató..... Donsol.. Gmbat..... Guinobatan Irosín. Jovellar.. Juban.. Legaspi. Libog... Libong ............. Ligao...... Magallanes. Malilipot. Malinao. Manitao Matnog. Oás... Pandán .. Payo ...... Pilar .... Polangui Sorsogon Tabaco ...... Tiui (Tivi) Vega. Virac.......... 5, 749 5,056 7,068 2, 338 4,003 2, 411 9, 604 1,855 7,091 478 2,807 1,219 590 3,395 2,871 6,285 9,685 2,184 1,870 2,043 3,586 3, 492 2,313 8,394 1,339 2,586 5,828 834 1,813 5, 203 955 890 2,342 4,404 5,258 8,477 5,048 1,488 2,663 416 2,721 1,089 710 3,337 2,750 5,840 10,157 2,014 1,693 1,798 3,596 3,624 2,250 8,586 1,249 2,657 6,000 754 1,852 5,746 929 847 2, 208 4,702 5,067 8,178 5, 115 1,439 2,764 11, 672 10, 240 14, 097 4,406 7,936 4, 666 20, 298 3,608 14, 487 894 5,528 2, 308 1,300 6, 732 5,621 12, 125 19, 842 4,198 3,563 3,841 7,182 7,116 563 16,980 2,588 5,243 11,828 1,588 3,665 10, 949 1,884 1,737 4,550 9, 106 10, 315 16,655 10,163 2,927 5,427 Total 146,498 147, 281 293,779 For population under partial census of 1896, see p. 32. Estimated population 1901, exclusive of Sorsogon, detached, 228,132. hills, whis. It is sheltered f1900, and has been was almost entirely den, wh , which It is sheltuary, 1900. in 1814.d, m. w W.O; the townshia There are 23 towns and 260 villages within the province. The most important, with population in 1896, are: Albay; a telegraph and telephone station and the capital of the province is situated 14 m. inland from the head of a small estuary on the W. shore of the gulf of same name. The city is connected with Legaspi, its seaport, the chief towns of the province, and other capitals by wagon roads, being 215 m. SE. of Manila by road. It is 48 m. NE. from extreme SE. point of Luzón. Pop., 14,000; the township, 34,000. The new town of Albay stands on level ground, 1 m. WSW. of the old town, which was the capital before the eruption in 1814. It was almost entirely destroyed by the insurgents in February, 1900, and has been rebuilt on modern lines by the Americans. It is sheltered from the volcano of Mayón, 82 m. NW., by Linguín hills, which also serve as guides to anchorage. It had good houses, with a church, town hall, parochial residence, and other well-constructed buildings. The church and parochial residence alone remain. The town destroyed by the insurgents is being rapidly rebuilt on a larger scale. Bacacay; on the S. shore of Tabaco Bay. Pop., 10,547. The inhabitants in the vicinity are largely engaged in-hemp growing. Batán; the most important town on a high and rugged island, separated from Cacraray by a channel, 1 m. wide, connecting Albay Bay on the S. with the little bay of Gaba on the NW. side of the island. There are 2 coal mines in operation here. They produce an inferior quality of coal containing much slate. Investiga- gation indicates that when more fully developed the quality may improve. Cagsaua (Daraga); 12 m. W. of Albay. Pop., 20,449. In the midst of a fine hemp district. Destroyed by fire. The church on a high hill, plainly visible from Legaspi Harbor, remaining of the former buildings. The town is being reconstructed as rapidly as material and labor can be had. 278 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Calolbong; on the SW. shore of Catanduanes I., a dependency of Albay. Pop., 4,382. Camálig; an inland garrisoned town near the r. bank of the Inaya Riv. Pop., 14,868. Daraga. (See Cagsaua.) Guinobatan; on I. bank of Inaya Riv., 41 m. SE. of Ligao and 9 m. W. by N. of Albay. Pop., 20,500. Surrounded by one of the most productive hemp districts in the province. Legaspi; a port of entry on Albay Bay, telegraph station, garrisoned town, and the seaport of Albay, the capital. It shares with Tabaco a large hemp shipping trade and is much frequented by steamers, sailing vessels, and native craft. It is the most important port of hemp export in the province. Pop., 6,017. Líbog; on N. shore of Albay Bay. Pop., 6,569. It enjoys an extensive native craft trade in hemp to provincial ports of shipment, principally Legaspi to Manila. Líbong; on l. bank of Inaya Riv., 37 m. ESE. of its outlet into Batỏ Lake. Has a large river trade and is the business center of a productive growing area. Pop., 4,125. Ligao; near the l. bank of Inaya Riv. on the main road. Pop., 17,371. Malilipot; on W. shore of Tabaco Bay, 3 m. S. of Tabaco. Pop., 5,995. Largely engaged in hemp trade with native growers, the product being shipped from Tabaco to Manila. Malínao; on the shore of the Pacific Ocean at the entrance to Tabaco Bay, 3 m. N. of Tabaco. Pop., 10,296. The extensive hemp product of the Malinao Mt. region is concentrated at this point for shipment via Tabaco. Manitao; on E. shore of Poliqui Bay, E. coast. Pop., 1,515. Oás; on the r. bank of the Inaya Riv. and main road between Ligao and Polangui. Pop., 10,357. It commands an extensive river trade besides being surrounded by some of the finest hemp plantations in the province. Polangui; on r. bank of the Inaya Riv., on the boundary of Camarines Sur. Pop., 10,050. Very advantageously situated for river and hemp traffic. Tabaco; a port of entry and garrisoned town inside of the N. channel to the bay of that name, E. coast of Albay province. Pop. 17,436. The best sheltered and deepest harbor in the province and third in importance of its shipping. Tivi; on Lagonoy Bay, in extreme NE. of the province, 5 m. NE. of the volcano Malinao. It is celebrated for the healing qualities of its Thermal Springs, to which large numbers of natives resort. Pop. 10,215. A hemp-growing center, shipping via Tabaco. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. Catanduanes; off E. coast of the province across channel 1 m. wide, beginning with San Miguel extends a chain of important islands surrounded by reefs 31 m. in extent, trending SE: from Guinambán, the NW. point of San Miguel, to Ungay, the extreme SE. point of Rapu-rapu, and separates the waters of Lagonoy on the N. from Albay Gulf on the S. Batán; the largest of 4 islands off the E. coast. It is 19 by 6. m. extreme meas- ure; area, 31 sq. m. Rapu-rapu lies on the SE. and Cacraray on the NW., 21 m. E. of Albay. It has coal mines. San Miguel; the smallest of the chain and lies nearest the mainland from which it is separated by a channel 1 m. wide. It is 5 m. NW. to SE. and 21 m. N. and S. with an area of 16 sq. m. Rich forests of narra and also hemp plantations are found in the vicinity. It is also important, locally, for its fisheries. Cacraray; the next island to the SE., across the intervening Casolgan channel 11 m. wide, is 8 m. N. and S. and 7} m. E. and W. at its N. part, with an area of 30 sq. m. It is hilly and has indications of the coal which abounds on the island of Batán and Rapu-rapu. It has no town of importance. Rapu-rapu; an island of considerable elevation and triangular in shape, 1 m. SE. of Batán, is 8 m. N. and S. and 8 m. E. and W., with an area of 32 sq. m. The village of Santa Florentina is situated about the center of the S. coast. The island abounds in coal. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The chief product of Albay is hemp (abaca), scientifically known as musa textilis, a species of plantain, and commercially known as “manila hemp.” The fiber is used for the manufacture of lupis of the finest texture and sinamay of the best grade and in other branches of weaving. It also makes the finest quality of cordage from ship's cables down to twine. It thrives best on mountain sides, and while it needs moist- ure, it will not grow in swampy land. It also requires shade and a fertile soil, all of GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 279 ut 2 baest resultated in vi? years "es mode plant atta or live stockery in manipThe Chinese althey work pla which conditions exist to perfection in this province. It is found growing success- fully on the foot declivities of fiery Mayón. The plant attains a height of 12 ft. under cultivation and 8 to 10 ft. wild. It requires moderate elevation, and grows independ- ently of the seasons. It takes 3 years to reach cutting size from plants, 4 years from the seed when planted in virgin soil, and 6 months from suckers. The cutting producing the best results is at flowering maturity just before going to fruit, the yield being about 2 bales (270 lbs. each) to the acre. The length of bast, or inner fibrous layer, or bark ready for manipulating with the knife, in Albay is 6 ft. 6 in. The matter of risk is but a small factor in hemp culture, drought not being probable. No plowing or live stock is required, but weeding is an advantage. All experiments in the use of machinery in manipulating the hemp have been unsuccessful so far as economy of labor is concerned. The Chinese are largely interested in gathering the output from the native owners. In many cases they work plantations with excellent results. In Albay each laborer on an estate receives half of all the fiber he draws and the owner the other half. As a rule the laborer's half is purchased by the owner. The prices fluctuate considerably. The labor in setting out a plantation in Albay is figured at $3 per 1,000 shoots 2 ft. high. New plantations pay $10 per 100 for live plants 3 years of age. Plants run about 720 to the acre. In extracting the fiber the natives work in couples, one stripping the bast while the other draws it under the knife. A week's work is 300 lbs. A hemp press employing 60 men and boys at daily wages 12 to 50 cents turns out 230 bales per day. The whole cost of baling is figured at $1.25 per bale. The freights by mail steamer to Manila from Albay ports are quoted at 50 cents beyond San Bernardino Strait, and at 372 cents per bale W. of straits. Freights from Legaspi have been as high as $1.50 per bale. The hemp production of 1899, on a basis of one-half the entire population being engaged in its culture, say 100,000 of the population, is at 365.43+ pounds per capita. The follow- ing figures will show the extent of the product, commercial movement, and value of the hemp product in the province of Albay, and the total product of the islands in piculs: Hemp receipts for Albay, 1850-1899. 1850.. 1851 .. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856.. 1857. 1858.. 1859.. 1860... 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865.. 1866 ... [Report of the Chamber of Commerce of Manila, P. I.] [Piculs: 1 picul=137.9 lbs.; 16 piculs=1 ton; 2 piculs=1 bale.] 78,960 | 1867 221, 5541884 92, 864 1868 .. 233, 645 1885. 118, 0471869 153, 755 1886 116, 961 1870 182, 327 1887 119, 813 1871 183, 429 1888. 133, 688 1872 ... 250,937 1889 . 160, 398 1873 263, 393 1890 163,599 1874. 230, 011 1891 . 215, 935 1875... 203,683 1892 .. 179, 208 1876. 300, 248 232, 998 1877 245, 525 1894.. 195, 473 1878 227,377 1895. 216, 019 1879 285, 775 1896 248, 076 1880 326,784 1897 250,055 1881 331, 366 1898. 212, 192 | 1882 . 263, 883 1899 ...... 225, 885 1883 .... 284, 706 279, 559 272, 911 244, 420 266, 494 339, 867 303, 901 283,591 315, 158 399, 426 377, 678 351, 153 371, 280 369, 758 550,548 323,511 265, 366 40, 182,543 49,746, 873 Annual average (piculs): 1850-1859... 1860-1869...... 1870-1879. 1880-1889.. 1890-1899.... Annual average (lbs.): 1850-1859... 1860-1869.... 1870-1879... 137, 947 218, 965 237, 270 291, 389 260, 746 Annual average (lbs.)-Cont'd. 1880-1889.. 1890-1899, Total products of islands (piculs): 1850-1859. 1860-1869.. 1870-1879.. 1880-1889.. 1890–1899. 3,033, 140 4,386, 487 .. 6,098, 932 . 9,141, 915 .. 14, 533, 093 19, 022 821 30, 157,840 ... 32, 719, 533 The total quantity and value of export of hemp from the Philippine I. during the calendar year 1899 was 69,048 tons, valued at $7,993,574, or $116 per ton, and 1900 89,438 tons, value $13,290, 400, or $149 per ton. Of this aggregate the province of Albay in 1899 contributed 16,585 tons, at $116 per ton, value $1,923,860. This rep- resents the commercial movement only. The home hemp consumption in the man- ufacture of lupis, sinamay, cordage, etc., for native use in the arts and shipping must also have been considerable. There is also a large production of oil from the cocoanut. al movemedage, there is als 280 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ÍSLANDS. MINERALS. The declivities of the lofty summits of Mayón, Masaraga, Malinao, and the eastern coast range show indications of coal, gold, silver, and iron in commercial quantities. The mining of coal has grown to some dimensions. The presence of abandoned mines of quicksilver indicates the existence of that valuable metal. FORESTS. The province abounds in valuable woods suitable for shipbuilding, dyeing, and other economic purposes. The necessity, however, of the presence of large forest trees as a protection to the hemp plant from the sun renders forest preservation indispensable to the success of the main industry of the province. FRUITS. The fruits of the island, except oranges and lemons, which are not cultivated, abound and constitute an important item of food among the natives. INDUSTRIES. The people are largely engaged in weaving abacá into lupis, the fine textile used in the wearing apparel of the better class of women, and sinamay, a coarser fabric, used by the natives in general. The sails and cordage of the native sailing craft and twine in baling are of home manufacture. Piña cloth is made by the natives, but principally for their own use. The building of native craft used in the extensive hemp carrying and other coastwise trade is an important industry of Albay. There are several small shipyards at the important towns of Legaspi and Tabaco and other points where native capital and enterprise are engaged in shipbuilding. COMMERCE. The coastwise trade of the province largely consists in the transportation of the enormous hemp yield from the numerous villages along the shores of the great bays to the seaports, from which steamer shipments are made to Manila or direct to foreign ports by the great carrying corporations of the Orient. Some idea of the enor- mous business being done in the province at present can be had from the fact that in the town of Legaspi alone over $1,000,000 changes hands every 30 days. Business, however, is much hampered through the lack of banking facilities, and all clearances are made through the banks at Manila. These great sums of money are brought down by the steamships, for which they charge 0.75 per cent for transportation; they are returned to Manila at the same rate. With a bank at Legaspi these clear- ances could be made there, and the sum of transportation alone would be good interest for an institution of that sort. Money loans in this province all the way from 10 to 20 per cent. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The first American military occupation of Albay was in January, 1900. The expe- dition went by sea, convoyed by United States gunboats Helena and Nashville. A landing was effected at Legaspi with some slight loss in wounded. Several minor affairs were fought at Legaspi, Albay, Daraga, Tabaco, Malaboa, Guinobatan, and Libog. Legaspi was declared a port of entry January 30, 1900, and Tabaco on Feb- ruary 14, 1900. On February 15, 1902, the following were the military stations in Albay: Albay. Daraga. a Legaspi. Cámalig. Guinobatan. Tabaco.b CIVIL GOVERNMENT. All the provisions of an act entitled “A general act for the organization of provin- cial governments in the Philippine Islands," enacted February 6, 1901, shall apply to and govern the establishment of a provincial government in that territory in the island of Luzon, known as the province of Albay, including the islands of San Miguel, a Telephone. • Telegraph. Post-office. No. 250 Albay Gulf BY YOLKAS ISLANDS MARINE 193&te LDZESIENNAST COAST ΠΕ LEGASPI ANCHORAGE TO PORT SULA Tako ga opazopani creazitat antes aray Paint O bec 1 RUCNORIN LE1902 Porn Paint POLIQUI BAY naba Point NORRISPETENS COPOTOLITHO WASIONOTON DC Albay Gulf No. 4259 S Doc 280.57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 281 Cacraray, Batán, and Rapu-rapu, with such exceptions, modifications, and supple- mentary provisions as are hereinafter contained. (Act April 26, 1901, United States P. C.) PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Provincial governor $2,000 Provincial secretary ... 1,500 Provincial treasurer 2,500 Provincial supervisor .. 2,000 Provincial fiscal ..... 1,500 All provincial officers are allowed necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceeding $2.50 per day while absent from the capital of the province on official busi- ness, to be allowed by the provincial board and paid on resolution of the board for- warded to the insular treasurer and by him approved. In view of the collection of the land tax a new or additional bond may be required by the commission from the provincial treasurer to cover the probable increase of funds in custody at one time, conditioned to secure accounting for the internal-revenue collections as collector of the same; the taxes collected by him for each municipality, for the province, and for the central government; the form of bond to be prescribed by the insular treasurer. Presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities meet on the third Monday in Janu- ary, April, July, and October to consider improvements needed in the province and for the provincial government and to make recommendations to the provincial board. The convention shall be called together by the provincial secretary, and shall elect a chairman for each quarter's session. The provincial secretary shall act as secre- tary of the convention, and shall certify its recommendations to the provincial board. The former capital, Albay, is retained. The oath of office to be administered to provincial officers by a member of the com- mission, by a judicial officer having jurisdiction in the province, or by any officer of the United States Army stationed in the province. This act took effect upon passage April 26, 1901. CONDITIONS. rman for eacion, and shall cerned. ficers by a mem ce of the provinhen the people weearning from that the peace of the himself, with bi. civil governmen A few days after the establishment of civil government the local insurrectionary commander presented himself, with his entire force, and surrendered. Since that time the peace of the province has not been disturbed. There never was a time in the history of the province when the people were more prosperous. Wages are also greater than ever known, the average laborer earning from 1 to 3 pesos a day, and prompt payment. The high price of hemp since American occupation has thrown an enormous sum of money into Albay, so that taxes are promptly paid, thus yield- ing ample revenue to conduct the government on a liberal basis. (Official report of provincial governor of Albay, December, 1901.) own, thhen the ot been de force, went the lo ALBAY (ahl-by'), ver.; gulf 27 m. from E. to W., |ALBAY; locally known as Mayón, volcano in Al- between N. shore of SE. portion of Albay, bay, Luzon. It rises out of broad plain about 6 Luzon, and s. shore of Rapu-rapu, Batán, and m, from NW. shore of Albay Gulf and 8 m. N. Cacraray islands, and of varying width N. by W. of Albay, provincial capital. It is one and S. from 4 m. between Montugan Pt., of most remarkable features of volcanic struc- Bulusan, and Rapu-rapu I., to 12 and 14 m. ture of P. I., forming perfect cone 8,274 ft. at points within this oceanward limit. Shores high, crowned by plume-like halo of vapor, are mostly steep. (See chart Albay Gulf, which assumes fiery glow at night and is mark Luzón, E. coast, showing Legaspi anchorage for navigators along that coast. At foot of to Port Sula.) volcano is hamlet of Daraga, which succeeded former town of Cagsaua, destroyed during - unimportant river 6 m. S. of Libog, in terrific outburst of 1814. Cone was surveyed Albay, Luzón, and emptying into bay of that from sea level to crater in 1682. According name. to Jägor, who ascended it in 1857, height is - pueblo and capital of Albay, Luzón, 11 m. 2,374 meters (7,713 ft.). Fires are visible at inland from head of small estuary on w. night. Sides are covered with grass 6 ft. shore of gulf of same name. City is con high, well up, then shorter, then moss, then nected with Legaspi, its seaport, and chief bare. Summit is rent with fissures emitting towns of province and capitals of islands by sulphurous gases and steam abundantly. fine roads, being 215 m. SÉ. of Manila. It is Don Antonio Siguenza visited volcano in 1823, next to Sorsogon, extreme S. of provincial and society of which he was member yoted capitals of Luzon, being but 48 m. NE. of its him medal, it is assumed in honor of making extreme SE. point. Pop., 11,672. New town ascent, but that is not mentioned. Several of Albay stands on level ground 1 m. WSW. monks tried it in 1592 to relieve natives of of old town, which was capital before erup their superstitions about mountain. One tion in 1814. New town is sheltered from never returned, and other, though stopped by volcano of Mayón, or Albay, 8 m. N. by W., intervening abysses and giving up task, made by Linguin and Capuntakan hills, which many converts by narrating his experiences also serve as marks for anchorage. Has fine to natives. He died same year from effects houses, with church, town hall, parochial of this effort. Atlas de Filipinas gives 2,522 residence, and other well-constructed build meters (8,407 ft.). United States hydro- ings. graphic charts state height at 8,274 ft. 282 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ALBAY; islet about center of Candaraman inlet, 1 ALEQUIN (ah-leh-keen'), tag.; river of Nueva Balábac and Ramos Is., Balábac grp. Ecija, Luzon, which rises in Caraballos Orien- ALBAZÁN (ahl-bah-thahn'), Sp.; hamlet of Cápiz, tales, and after a short course enters sea. Panay, on l. bank of river 1 m. inland from ALERTA (ah-layr'-tah), Sp.; islet of Linapacan N. coast and 2 m. below Macató. chain, 2 m. NW. of Linapacan I. ALBERIQUE (ahl-bay-reel-kay), Sp.; town on r. ALETAS DE TIBURON (ah-lay'-tahs day tee-boo- bank of Davao Riv., Dávao, Mindanao, 6, m. rohn'), (shark fin), Sp.; bay N. of Maytiaguid WNW. of Dávao. I., 2, m. wide at entrance, formed on N. by ALBIÓN (ahl-bee-ohn'), Sp.; W. headland at en- Balas or Knob or Triple islands. Is connected trance to Tagbayug Bay, Malanut port, W. with narrow channel 2 m. long between May- coast of Palawan; bola limestone cliff with tiaguid I. and coast. stalactite caves, luxuriantly wooded, and - mountain in same vicinity. having several peaks, highest 693 ft. ALEU-LEU (ah-layoo-lay'-00), ver.; mountain in - creek in same province. Panay. ALBITA (ahl-beel-tah), Sp.; mountain in Bohol, 5 ALFONSO (ahl-fohn'-soh), Sp.; pueblo Cavite, m. N. of Valencia, on S. coast. Luzón, 25 m. SW. of Cavite. Pop., 7,660. ALBUERA (ahl-bway'-rah), Sp.; pueblo SW. - hamlet in W. part of Guimarás I., 64 m. S. coast of Leyte, 30 m. SW. of Tacloban, Ponso, of Nagaba. northeasternmost of Camotes I.; lies 13 m. to ALFONSO XII (ahl-fohn'-soh doh'-thay), Sp.; SW. across sea channel. Pop., 4,555. pueblo Abra, Luzón. Pop., 1896, 887. ALBURQUERQUE (ahl-boor-kayr'-kay), Sp.; im- ALFONSO XIII (ahl-fohn'-soh tray'-thay), Sp.; portant town on SW. coast of Bohol, 7. m. SE. former military station under Spanish rule on of Tagbilaran. Pop., 6,604. NE. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. ALBUYGO (ahl-booy'-goh), nat.; river entering - formerly military post established by Span- on E. shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogón, Luzón, ish at mouth of small stream in Malanut Bay, at town of Mayjan, 3 m. SE. of Sorsogon. W. head of Tagbayug Bay, W. coast of Pala- ALCALÁ (ahl-cah-lah'), Sp.; pueblo r. bank of wan. Had small landing pier. Grande de Cagayán Riv., 5 m, above mouth of Chico de Cagayán Riv., in Cagayán, Luzón, -pueblo Tayabas, Luzón. Pop., 1896, 1,162. and 23 m. N. of Tuguegarao. Pop., 5,471. ALIAGA (ah-leeah'-gah), Tag.; pueblo and road center in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 13 m. N. of ALCALÁ, or SANTA CRUZ (ahl-cah-lah', sahn'-tah San Isidro. Five roads from different direc- crooth), Sp.; town in Pangasinan, Luzón, 27 tions concentrate here. Pop., 17,000. m. from Lingayen, Pop., 5,200, township having 8,624. Is also connected with several ALIBANBANG (ah-lee-bahn-bahng'), nat.; point highways. on NE. coast of Sámar, with Tabogue Mt. as ALCÁNTARA (ahl-cahn'-tah-rah), Sp.; pueblo N. landmark inland, side of island of Cebu and of peninsula which ALIBATAN (ah-lee-bah'-tahn), ver.; island in separates it and its bay from Mualbual on its opening of Bulalácao Bay, S. coast of Mindoro. bay, but 2 m. S. on W. coast, 40 m. SW. of Cebu. Pop., 4,080. - islet off SE. coast of Mindoro, near Buru- can Pt. Passage between it and coast is clear ALCIRA (ahl-thee'-rah), Sp.; town on W. shore of and deep. Sámal I., Dávao, Mindanao, 4. m. ENE. of ALIBAYOC (ah-lee-bah'-yoke), ver.; hamlet in Dávao, across strait of Pakiputan. Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 2, m. NW. of Sara. ALCOY (ahl-coy'), Sp.; pueblo SE. coast of Cebu, 50 m. sw. of Cebú. Pop., 5,040. ALIBIJABAN (ah-lee-bee-hah-bahn), Tag.; small ALDEA (ahl-day'-ah), Sp.; hamlet at head of boat island in gulf of Ragay, off E. coast of Taya- navigation on Iuáhit Riv., 3. m. above its bas, Luzón, 3; m. N. of Sombokobon Bay: is 21 m. long, m. wide, low, and well wooded. entrance into Puerto Princesa, E. coast of Palawan; has small traffic in beeswax, rice, Arena Pt. bears S. 80 E., and Gorda Pt., N. of maize, and other products of surrounding Pitogo, N. 21° W. country. Cordillera de la Aldea, short, low ALIBUNAN (ah-lee-boo'-nahn), ver.; hamlet in range, lies S. of town of that name. Iloilo, Panay, 31 m. NW. by N. of Calinog. - bay on E. coast of Palawan, S. of Tabla Pt. ALICAN (ah-lee'-cahn); point on NE. end of ALDEA, CORDILLERA DE LA (ahl-day'-ah, cor- Lapac I., ESE. 1 m. from Luangat Pt., Tapul dee-lyayl-rah day lah), Sp.; local group of ele- group, Sulu A. vations 361 ft. high, coming down to headshore ALICANTE (ah-lee-cahn'-tay), Sp.; hamlet 2, m. of Puerto Abocayan, one of estuaries on SW. ENE. of Saravia, Negros Occidental. side of Puerto Princesa. ALIGBAY (ah-lig-by'), ver.; island 2 m. long ALEAQUE (ah-lay-ah'-kay), ver.; hamlet beyond from E. to W. and 1 m, wide, low, flat, and Maubán, town on Mahapon Riv., Luzón; has a wooded. W. I N. 9, m. from Tagolo Pt., NW. tribunal or common house; is place for festi extreme of Misamis, Mindanao. vals in which large numbers of natives of ALIGTÓ (ah-lig-toh'), ver.; hamlet in spurs of cen- surrounding region hold banquets of fruit tral range, Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. NW. of León. and pastry. Town formerly carried on brisk ALIHANÓN (ah-lee-hah-nohn'); river rising in trade in molave (wood akin to teak with SE. elevations of Bohol; empties into sea 2 m. China. NE. of Jagna, on SE. coast. ALEGRÍA (ah-lay-gree-ah) Sp.; hamlet of Negros Occidental, 2 m. NE. of Murcia. ALIJARA (ah-lee-hah-rah), ver.; islet of Lina- pacan chain, 2 m. N. by E. of Linapacan I. - hamlet on r. shore of Matialín Riv., 7 m. E. of Pontevedra, Negros Occidental. ALILEM (ah-lee-laym'), ver.; pueblo of coman- dancia of Ambura yan, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. - hamlet on SE. coast of Guimarás I., at S. Pop., 1896, 210. terminus of coast road, 15 m. S. of Nagaba. ALIMANDÁ (ah-lee-mahn-dah'), ver.; point on - hamlet on NW. coast of Cápiz, Panay. NE. coast of Semerara I. (See Sea of Sulu, SE. (See Calipayan.) of Mindoro.) -- hamlet in noilo, Panay, 14 m. NW. of Tig- ALIMANGAN (ah-lee-mahng'-ahn); hamlet on banan. NE. shore of Imurúan Bay, W. coast of - pueblo N shore of mouth of river of same Palawan. name, on strait of Tañón, W. coast of Cebú, ALIMANGO (ah-lee-mahng'-oh, means crab), nat.; 55 m. SW. of Cebú. Pop., 11,460. river in SE. Masbate I., rising in Tetas de Ca- - south of Toledo in Cebú. Indications of taingan and emptying into port of Cataingan petroleum exist in vicinity. near town of that name. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 283 MINDANAO ALUBIJID ANCHORAGE Lat. 8° 36'(30) N. Long 124 29'18")E Snauan Pt VARIATION NEARLY..... 1°03' E. (1901) STATIONARY MA CAJALAR BA Y. 99 159 | Alabifid Naatical Miles TUTTEOTTIMO 284 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ALIMANGO; point in island of Burias, Visayas. ALOH (ah-loh), ver.; interior village on Ubian -point on NE. coast of Semerara I., SE. of I., Pangutárang I., Sulu A. Mindoro. ALONG (ah-lohng'), ver.; inland hamlet of Ne- - river entering on N. shore of Cataingan gros Oriental, 3 m. W. of Ayuquitan. port, SE. coast Masbate I., Visayas. ALON-ÓN (ah-lohn-ohn'), ver.; point on E. coast ALIMARIO (ah-lee-mah-riew), ver.; mountain of Busuanga I., Calamianes group. Village of in Bohol. Marcilla is immediately S. Unnamed islet lies near coast, 2 m. SE. by E. ALIMBO (ah-lim-boh), ver.; town in Cápiz, ALONSO (ah-lohn'-soh), Sp.; hamlet on 1. shore Panay. of Pagsaban Riv., near S. coast of Sámar. ALIMODIÁN (ah-lee-moh-dee-ahn'), ver.; pueblo in Iloilo, Panay, 115 m. NW. of Iloilo. Pop., ALORAN, or OLORAN (ah-loh'-rahn, oh-loh'- rahn), ver.; pueblo W. shore of Iligan Bay, 11,837. Misamis, Mindanao, 64 m. W. of Cagayan de ALIMPAGO (ah-lim-pah'-goh), ver.; point on W. Misamis in lat. 8° 27' 30" N. Is town of con- shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Luzón. siderable size and has good anchorage, with 2 ALIMPAPAN (ah-leem-pah'-pahn): point on ex equare warehouses on shore. River enters to treme W. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. W. of anchorage, which is sheltered from W. ALIMPAYA (ah-lim-pah'-yah), ver.; point on SW. and S. winds. Pop., 1896, 2,700. coast of Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, 1 ALOS (ah-lohs'), ver.; town in Zambales, Luzón, m. N. of Batulampán Pt. 50 m. N. of Iba, 3 m. SW. of gulf of Lingayen ALIMUDIN (ah-lee-moo-deen'), ver.; wooded pro- at Sual, with which it is connected by high montory about 7 m. N. of Repose Pt.,forming road, and also at Balincaguin. Pop., 894. S. extremity of Canipan Bay. Intermediate - mountain in Pangasinan. coast is chiefly mangrove indented with bays. ALPACÓ (ahl-pah-coh'), ver.; river in Cebú. ALINCACADAO (ah-lin-cah-cah-dah-oh), ver.; ALPHONSO. (See Alfonso.) westernmost of Nanga ba chain of islands, ALTIMONA (ahl-tee-moh'-nah), ver.; river in 12 m. N. of Tagonito Pt., N. coast of Mindanao. Cápiz, Panay, empties into sea on N. coast. ALING (ah-leeng'), ver.; pueblo in Mindoro. ALTO (ahl-toh), Sp.: peak 3,757 ft. (1,127 meters) Pop., 1887, 486. high in Cabusilan Range, Luzón. ALINÍN (ah-lee-neen'), Tag.; point in Bataan, ALTO DE FLECHA (ahl-toh day flay'-chah), Sp.; Luzón. summit in range of hills which traverses ALINGSÚLONG (ah-ling-soo'-long), nat.; point Flecha or Banganian Pen., Zamboanga, Min- on NE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. SE. of danao. Balad. ALTO DE JALAJALA (ahl'-toh day hah-lah-hah'- ALINIT (ah-lee-neet), ver.; river in Luzon. lah), Hisp.; mountain in Laguna, Luzón. ALIPAGAO (ah-lee-pah-gah-oh), ver.; hamlet on ALTO DEL CARABALLO (ahl'-toh dayl cah-rah- W. coast of Antique, Panay, 8 m. S. of Pandán. bah'-lyoh), Sp.; mountain in Ilocos Norte, ALIPATA (ah-lee-pah'-tah), ver.; point on S. coast Luzón. of Sámar. One of landmarks of approach to ALUBÍJID (ah-loo-bee-hid), ver.; town on W. straits of San Juanico. shore of Macajalar Bay, inside of Suauan Pt., ALIPÓN (ah-lee-pon'), ver.; hamlet on r. bank of W. headland of Macajalar Bay, and 19 m. NE. Abra Riv., in Abra, Luzón, 9 m. SE. of of Cagayan de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao: Bangued. anchorage is 8; m. NW. of Opol and S. of Pt. ALIPUPU (ah-lee-poo'-poo), ver.; mountain in Saláuang, NE. of town, center of Abra, Luzon. On its sides rises one ALUG (ah-loog'), ver.; mountain in Sámar. of affluents of Abra Riv. ALUYAN (ah-loo'-yahn), ver.; islet off extreme ALISLÍSIM (ah-lees-lee' seem), ver.;one of foun-. E. coast of Sámar. tain tributaries in Bulusan volcano of river - hamlet on small bay opposite islét of same in extreme SE. part of Albay, Luzón, empty- name on extreme E. coast of Sámar. ing into Port Sorgosón at Juban. ALVAR (ahl-vahr'), Sp.; hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, ALISUT (ah-lee-soot'), ver.; point in Mindanao. 1. m. S. of Libacao. ALITAS (ah-lee'-tas), Sp.; small river emptyingAMADEO (ah-mah-day'-oh), Sp.; town in Cavite, into China Sea, on W. shore of Bataan, Luzón. Luzón, 22 m. S. of Cavite. Pop., 3,873. ALLAUAN (ah-lyowl-ahn), ver.; hamlet on 1. bank AMAGÁ (ah-mah-gah'); river emptying on the W. of Malinannang Riv., in Cápiz, Panay, 1 m. shore of Lagúan Bay, N. coast of Samar. S. of Loctugan. AMAGADPAYAT (ah-mah-gahd-pah-yaht'), ver.; ALIVANCIA (ah-lee-vahn'-theeah); a solfataric southernmost of chain of 8 islets, and lying volcano in Palawan. (See Volcanoes.) nearly in middle of channel between NE. ALLEN, for.; head on SW. shore of Malampaya coast of Mindanao and S. point of Bucas I. Sound, Palawan. (See Nangaba I.) ALLIGATOR, for.; northernmost of 2 large bays on - easternmost of Nangaba group of islets, S. side of Inner Strait, Palawan. Alligator 1. lying nearly in mid-channel between Bucas lies toward head. River enters W. of Green I., 4 m. NE., and Mindanao, 2 m. SW. Head. AMAGAS (ah-mah'-gas), ver.; small tributary of ALMERIA (ahl-may-reel-ah), Sp.; pueblo on NW. Hilongos Riv., Leyte. coast of Biliran, 48 m. NW. of Tacloban, and AMALANAY (ah-mah-lah-ni'), ver.; hamlet in at NW. entrance to sea channel between is Sámar, 8 m. E. of Basey. land and Leyte. Pop., 3,216. AMALINGAT (ah-mah-ling-at'), ver.; point at foot ALMIRANTE GIL (al-mee-rahn'-tay hill), Sp.; of which lies Nine Pin Rock, 21 m. N. of hill 105 ft. high, on S. point of entrance to Peaked Pt., W. coast of Palawan. Calandórang Bay (9.v.), with a light-house on AMAMIT (ah-mah-meet'), ver.; town in Ambu- its summit, Balábac I. rayan, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. Pop., 1896, 263. ALIVIJAUAN (ah-lee - vee- hah'- wahn), Tag.; AMANCARÓN (ah-mahn-cah-rohn'), nat.; point at island adjacent to coast of Tayabas, Luzón. N. entrance to Mangiri Bay, on E. shore of ALO (ah-loh), ver.; point short distance S. of Daram I., off W. coast of Sámar. Tumadgo, S. point of Pujada Bay, E. coast of AMANDIUING (ah-mahn-dee'-wing), ver.; moun- Mindanao. tain in Leyte, 9 m. S. of Jaro. ALOGUINSAN (ah-loh-geen-sahn'). ver.; pueblo -- moumtain lake in Leyte, which receives river on E. shore of Tañón Strait, 5 m. S. of drainage of mountain of that name, 5 m. SW. Pinamungajan, W. coast of Cebu. Pop., 3,993. of Pastrana. 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 285 AMANGAARAHACAN (ah-mahng-ah-ah-rah-hah'- | AMBIL, or AMUL-Continued. cahn), ver.; mountain in Sámar, 10 m. N. of bay | m. wide, with 4 fms. Passage between Balangiga on S. coast. Ambil and Lubang is clear. (See chart Lu- AMANGBUCALE (ah-mahng-boo-cah'-lay). ver.; bang I., Ambil.) E. entrance point to San Pedro Bay, Sámar, - open bay on NE. coast, with 11 fms., and opposite Vigía Pt., Leyte, 111 m. W. and 16 m. another on w.side, , m. wide, with 4 fms., on SE. of Basey, chief town of Sámar on bay. Ambil, I., NW. of Mindoro. AMANGTARANG (ah-mahng-tah-rahng'), ver.; - strait #m. wide between Ambil I. on E. point in island of Daram, W. of Sámar. and Lubang I. on W., NW. of Mindoro. AMANHAYAG (ah-mahn-hah-yahg'), ver.; moun passage in group of Lubang I., off Batangas, tain in Leyte, 10 m. NE. of Abuera, on SW. Luzón, at W. entrance to Verde passage, in coast. approach to Manila Bay. AMANÍAN (ah-mah-nee'-ahn), nat.; village on the --- a volcano in Mindoro 2,500 ft. high. (See Grande Riv. of Mindanao. (See Kalbugan.) Volcanoes.) AMANIUMBUS (ah-mah-newm-boos'); ranch on AMBILO, or CARABAO (ahm-beel-law, cah-rah- the 1. bank of the upper Grand Riv. of Min- bah'-00), nat.; island adjacent to Sw.coast of danao, near the NW. shore Laguasan Lagoon, Tablas. Cotabato, Mindanao. AMBLÁN (ahm-blahn), nat.; river of Negros Ori- AMANPAPAY (ah-mahn-pah-pie'), nat.; point N. ental, running from W. to E. It rises in S. head to Lagúan channel; Lagúan lies E. of part of the Cordillera, which forms center of this pt. island, and empties into sea near pueblo of AMANTES (ah-mahn'-tays), Sp.; one of smaller same name. islands of Cuyos grp. - town and point of Negros Oriental at S. AMAYA (ah-mah'-yah), tag.; hamlet on bay shore entrance to Tañón Strait, 10 m. N. of Duma- road in Cavite, Luzón, 10 m. SE. of Cavite. guete and 8 m. NW. of Santander on S. point AMAYONG (ah-mah-yohng'); hamlet of Concep of Cebú, across entrance to strait of Tañón. ción, Iloilo, Panay, 12, m. S. of Carlés. Inhabitants are engaged in cultivation of AMBAM (ahm-bahm!). Tag., hamlet in Cavite. cocoa. Pop., 5,500. Luzon, near Manila boundary, 6 m. SE. of AMBOLON (ahm-boh-lohn'), ver.; island 31 by Manila. 13 m. in extent, 450 ft. high in S. and 550 ft. AMBÁN (ahm-bahn'), ver.; point in Leyte. high (Mount Ambolón) in NW., 3 m. SW. of Ylin I., off SW. coast of Mindoro. Is divided AMBARAY (ahm-bah-rye'), ver.; hamlet in Cápiz, by swampy lagoon which forms harbor to SW. Panay, 2 m. W. of Mayón. with Cucurrayan inlet at entrance. Light- AMBAUCE (ahm-bah'-00-thay),; point on E. coast house is projected on SW. coast on headland of Marinduque. which marks Eastern Sea channel of approach AMBAYCAN (ahm-bah-ea'-cahn), ver.; town in from Sulu Sea to Apo passage going N. along Bontoc, Luzon. Pop., 1887, 206. W. coast of Mindoro. There is a good water- AMBIÁN (am-beeahn'), ver.; mountain in Bohol, ing place at the foot of the S. peak. (See chart 5 m. NW. of Valencia, on S. coast. Mindoro I. coast, including Ambolon, Ylin, and Semerara I.) AMBIL, or AMUL (ahm-beel', ah-mool'), ver.; one of Lubang I., NW. of Mindoro, off W. coast of - channel 1 m. wide, between Ylin I. on E. Batangas, Luzon, is 37 by 3 m. in extent, be- and Ambolón I. on W., lying SW. of Mindoro. ing E. of Lubang I., from which it is sepa- - mountain on island of same name (q.v.) rated from Ambil Strait and is formed by con SW. of Mindoro. ical mountain 2,500 ft. high, with plain on its AMBORLONG (abm-bohr-lohng'). ver.; hamlet of W. side. NE. coast is high and rocky, with Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 31 m. W. of San open bay, with 11 fms, depth. On w. side is Dionisio. AMBOS CAMARINES, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Ahm'-bohs cah-mah-ree'-ness, Sp.) Capital: Nueva Cáceres, lat. 13° 35' N., lon. 122° 11' E. Area: Mainland, 3,092 sq. m.; dependent islands, 69 sq. m.; total, 3,161 sq. m. Population: 194,022. Race: Vícoles. Language: Bícol, although Tagalog is used. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Nueva Cáceres to- m. Manila....... 535 Manila via Pasacao seaport, 11 m., thence to Manila via Verde Passage. 273 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The territory in the SE. peninsula of Luzón, under Spanish dominion known as Camarines Norte (north) and Sur (south), under the enabling act of the United States P. C. is united as a single province with the official title Ambos (both) Cama- rines. It forms a long peninsula with its main frontage on the Pacific Ocean facing NE. and E. From the center of the NE. shore boldly projects the peninsula of Caramúan connected with the mainland by the isthmus of Isarog. It is bounded on the N. from Sógod Bay to Panahonga Pt. and thence on the E. by the Pacific Ocean; on the S. by Lagonoy Bay and Albay, and on the W. by Ragay Gulf. AREA. That portion of the province, formerly known as Camarines Norte, is 57 m. from NW. to SE. and 20 m. from N. to S., with an area of 855 sq. m.; Camarines Sur is 56 m. from N. to S., and 89 m. E. to W. greatest measurement, area 2,237 sq. m., making 286 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. a total of mainland 3,092 sq. m., or 1,975,040 acres, an area 732 sq. m. larger than the State of Delaware, and nearly three times the size of the State of Rhode Island. The area of dependent islands (83), 69 sq. m., makes the aggregate area 3,161 sq.m. as above. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The mountains of this province form a volcanic chain, which is a continuation of the system traversing the province of Tayabas. The SW. parts consist of chalk and coral reefs. The principal summit is the extinct volcano of Isarog, the base of which is 60 m. in circumference, the main cone having an elevation of 6,634 ft. (1,966 meters). Its E. slope reaches nearly to the main waters of Lagonoy Gulf, while its W. slopes are separated from San Miguel Bay by a wide strip of alluvial soil. Mount Iriga, 32 m. to the SE., between Isarog and Albay volcanoes, is 4,092 ft. (1,212 meters) high. Mount Labo, 4,738 ft. (1,552 meters) high, forms the NW. corner of the boundary between Ambos Camarines and Tayabas, and Isarog, 6,552 ft. (1,966 meters), between San Miguel Bay, NW., and Lagonoy Bay, SE. side. Sierra de Colasi Mount Naboclot, Colasi, and Pequeño lie along the W. shore of San Miguel Bay. The Patianay, Paratucan, Hanopol, Pico Agudo, Liblid, and Caunipan mountains are in the central range which traverses the N. peninsula to Lugan Bay on the extreme E. The Sierra Bagacay is one of the series of parallel ridges which extend N. and S. between Lagonoy Bay and Ragay Gulf. In the Ragay coast range the Amlig or Hantú peak is the highest summit. All these mountains are covered with luxuriant vegetation to the summit. The extensive valleys are watered in the S. part alone by upward of 48 rivers and 296 creeks. There are 53 waterfalls, some of them 50 ft. in height, which add to the picturesqueness of this province. Among the principal rivers may be mentioned: Banogboc; a river in the NW. part of the province, after receiving a number of tributaries, among them the Bajibaji and Malagui, it enters the sea at Capalonga. Calabanga; 7 m. to the E. of Cabusao. It carries a depth of water navigable for bancas only. Bícol; 250 yds. wide, discharging through a low, flat shore into San Miguel Bay. It is 31 fms. deep at the mouth, and farther up it carries a depth of 2 fms. It is navigable by steamers drawing 11 ft. up to Nueva Cáceres, 25 m.; navigable by light- draft steamers, drawing from 2 to 4 ft., from mouth of river to head of Bató Lake; total distance, about 75 m. At certain seasons light-draft boats can go from head of Bató Lake to Polangui, province of Albay. This is one of the most important rivers of Luzon. It rises in the extreme SE. of the province of Albay, enters Bató Lake on the boundary of Ambos Camarines (Sur), where it crosses this province, passing Nueva Cáceres, the capital, on its way to San Miguel Bay. Dáet; enters the sea 7 m. SSE. of Quinamanucá İ., 11 ft. at the mouth and 16 ft. farther up. A fort stands on the W. shore. Steamers from Manila call here. All the rivers of Camarines Norte empty into the Pacific Ocean on the N. In Camarines Sur, the central mountain of the N. peninsula divides the drainage between the Pacific and San Miguel Bay on the N., Lagonoy on the S., and Ragay Gulf on the SW. The side of Mount Isarog sends numerous small streams in all directions, finding the Timorágat, and several other rivers emptying into San Miguel Bay on the NW. In the S. part are 2 fine lakes. That of Bató, 4 m. in diameter, and averaging 10 ft. in depth, lies on the boundary between Albay and Camarines Sur. It receives the drainage of La Rinconada, which is the district of the 3 towns of Iriga, Nabua, and Bató, and the surrounding ranges and has for its outlet the Bicol Riv. Near Bula, N. of this lake, is the celebrated grotto of Orocosoc. The other, Lake Buhí, is 38 m. wide by 10 m. long and is N. E. of Lake Bató. There is another lake on Mount Hantú, the chief summit of the Ragay coast range, 15 m. E. of Nueva Cáceres, from which the waters filter into the grotto of Calangitan (kingdom of heaven). BAYS AND HARBORS. man It rises ninyi, province certain seasons onth of river to navigable by litt is me SE. of the This is one of thoats can go frontó Lake; The Pacific and Ragay Gulf sides of this province are indented by some of the largest and finest bays in the Philippine Archipelago. Of these the following may be mentioned: Colasi; on the W. side of the entrance to San Miguel Bay, overlooked by a high peaked hill, depth 3 fms. Lagonoy; a bight on the SE. angle of Camarines Sur, with 40 to 50 fms. of water. Ragay; extends along the entire SW. shore of Ambos Camarines, a distance of 59 m., and separates this province from Tayabas on the SW. The gulf is generally clear and deep. The Camarines coast is indented by Jamuraon, Pasacao, and Caima bays. That of Pasacao is the most frequented. The entrance to this gulf is divided into 2 channels by Burias I., of Masbate. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 287 San Miguel; indents the N. coast at the former boundary between Camarines Norte and Sur, and has a good anchorage in 5 fms. S. of San Miguel I. It is 12 m. wide between Colasi Pt. and the mouth of the river Looc. It is 23 m. in diameter, sur- rounded by high mountains, and capable of harboring in safety vessels of great draft. The depth of water in the middle is from 7 to 8 fms., lessening gradually toward the side. Siruma; on the N. coast, E. of the point of that name, with 7 to 9 fms. Sisiran; on the N. coast, formed by Quinalasag. Has a good anchorage sheltered by high ground. The entrance opening to the N. is 2 m. wide, with 10 to 12 fms. Sógod; the E. part in the N. coast of Ambos Camarines and the W. in Tayabas, the boundary ending on the shore. It is 2 m. wide, and penetrates 3 m. to the S., and has 54 fms. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. 5 and after and to Ragavlet except bwns and the rusually by Steding at th Sur the main et and the main continues to the In the N. portion of this province several fine roads leave Daet, the former capital, one extending through the towns of Talisay and Indán to Matanğó, thence a trail continues along the N. coast to Paracale, Mambulao, as far as Capalonga, in the extreme NW. A road connects Dáet with Mercedes, its port on the seacoast. Another con- nects to San Vicente, in the interior, and continues to Labo. There is telegraphic connection between Dáet and the main line between Sorsogon and Manila. In Camarines Sur the main road and telegraph line from Sorsogon enters the province at Bató and after passing through Nueva Cáceres crosses the Bícol to Libmanán, Sipocot, and Lupi and to Ragay by trail difficult for pack train. There is no com- munication with Tayabas or Dáet except by the most precarious trails. In the S. the ways of communication between the towns and the rest of the archipelago are better and more numerous. Nueva Cáceres is reached usually by steamer from Manila, via Bícol Riv., a total distance of 555 m., the steamers unloading at the wharves at Nueva Cáceres. When the SW, monsoon is not blowing, travelers can reach Manila via Pasacao, a port 16 m. W. of Nueva Cáceres and having a good harbor except during the rainy season. Pasacao is by road 16 m. via the town of San Fernando, and by water 10 m. via Pamplona, on a branch of the Bicol, thence by road 10 m. From Pamplona to Pasacao formerly a canal was under construction. The highest point on this route is not over 30 ft. above the sea. This would have enabled boats to reach Nueva Cáceres via Pasacao and made unnecessary the long journey around the S. end of the island. -, a to Nueven the by the for pases the enterg fecept dumila via Paseráceres, total, distan Cáceres is and the recarious there is no POPULATION AND TOWNS. The registered population of Ambos Camarines is 194,022, or 194,398 according to the census of 1887. The most of these are Bicols, the indigenous people of this region. Two tribes of Negritos are found in this province; one in the N., not far from the boundaries of Tayabas, in the mountainous region of Capalonga, the other in the vicinity of Iriga. On the tops of the Isarog Mts. there dwell certain savages called Cimarrones del Isarog (wild men of Isarog). Some of these are also found in the spurs of these mountains, which extend into the peninsula of Camarines. There are a few Igorrotes on Mt. Iriga, to the SE. of Isarog. The language of the province is Bícol, though in some places Tagalog is used. The savages and various tribes of Negritos speak their own dialects, although those who come down to the towns to trade understand and speak Bícol. arogSome of thwell certain savher in the Total population, comprising residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. AMBOS CAMARINES. Camarines Norte: Basud .... Capalonga... Diet... Indán .... Labo ...... Mambulao. Paracale.. San Vicente.. Talisay ........ Total.. 851 583 4,020 3,248 2,146 461 1,336 436 1,766 829 551 3,973 2,946 1,974 478 1,426 433 1, 653 14,263 1, 608 1, 134 7,993 6, 194 4, 120 939 2,762 869 3,419 29, 110 14,847 288 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Total population, comprising residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 3, 491 AMBOS CAMARINES--continued. Camarines Sur: Baao ..... Bagay ..... Bato... Bombón.. Buhí ....... Bula....... Calabanga Camaligan.. Canamán.. Gainza ... Goa...... Iriga .. Lagonoy ... Libmanán. Lupi........ Mabatobató. Magárao.... Manguirín.. Milaor....... Minalábag ..... Nabua..... Nueva Cáceres. Pamplona ... Pasacao .... Pili....... Quipayo. San Fernando San José Sipocot.. Siruma.. Tigaon ..... Tinambae ... 911 2,331 1, 227 3,493 1,489 2,741 1,883 2,759 1, 375 2, 810 7,630 5,082 7,207 397 611 2,821 348 2, 353 1, 701 8,618 4, 905 1,648 760 1,539 945 1,531 3,832 620 324 1,555 1, 339 3,553 792 2, 314 1,141 3,709 1, 469 2, 756 1,782 2,663 1,525 2, 764 7,599 5,258 7, 448 393 585 2,842 7,044 1, 703 4, 675 2, 368 7,202 2,958 5, 497 3, 465 5, 422 2,900 5, 574 15, 229 10, 340 14, 655 790 1,196 5, 663 697 5,053 3.621 17, 244 9, 251 3, 253 1, 413 3,087 1,915 3,068 7,903 1,069 583 3,079 2,615 349 2,700 1,920 8, 626 4,346 1, 605 653 1,548 970 1,537 4,071 449 259 1,524 1, 276 Total.. 82, 380 82,908 165, 288 Estimated population of Ambos Camarines, Norte and Sur, organized after 1887, 194,022. The following comprehensive table is authoritative as to facts of record; as to figures it is based upon estimates by experts at the places named, and tabulated by the pro- vincial secretary: Census of the province of Ambos Camarines. Num- ber of ber of Pueblos. Municipal Num- buildings. | elec- tors who have voted Organ- Popula- proba- ized. tion. ble elec- tors. Remarks. Municipal buildings. Condition of finances up to Dec. 31, 1901. Schools. 7, 900 395 244 215 118 WN 1901. June 18 Dec. 3 June 25 July 2 June 3 Dec. 3 July Baao.. Bato .... Basud. Bombón Bula .. Buhi.... Calabanga Camaligan.... 126 149 Pesos. 98.92 297.94 224.08 7.04 4.50 265.42 959. 38 79. 76 118 78 NOSOS 2,980 3,600 7, 825 6, 996 1, 420 5, 230 391 319 186 Calasgasan... 121 261 19 To be organized. Annexed to Nueva Ca- ceres on account of lack of resources. Do. To be organized 291 9 94 1 H. Ang. 13 July 5 • Do. Canamán. Capalonga Caramóan Dået ..... Gainza ... Goa ..... Indán.... Iriga ...... Labo...... Lagonoy ...... Libmanán Dec. 3 June 25 Dec. 3 5,820 1, 885 4,696 11, 833 3,185 6,792 5, 846 15, 266 4,618 7.991 15, 819 266 591 159 339 292 763 230 18.58 989. 80 3,848. 48 74. 195 897. 265 31.88 171. 495 508. 95 19 Do. 399 Dec. 3 ....do... 790 70 109 hand 19 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 289 Census of the province of Ambos Camarines--Continued. Num- Pueblos. Municipal Num- buildings. ber of ber of Organ- Popula- proba- elec- ized. tion. tors who elec- have tors. voted. Remarks. Condition of finances up to Dec. 31, 1901. ble Municipal buildings. Schools. Pesos. 2,050 102 40 367 137 To be organized. Do. 17.51 4.77 2,750 51 Do. 346 119 1901. Lupi ....... Mabatobató.. Magárao ......... .. Dec. 3 Mambulao ...... Aug. 6 Manguirin.. Milaor .... Dec. 3 Minalábag ...........do... Nabua ........... ......do... Nueva Cáceres.......do... Pamplona ....... May 24 Paracale.. July 23 Pasacao......... June 25 Pili ...... Dec. 3 Quipayo ........ July 2 Ragay ... Sangay.... Dec. San Fernando ... June 5 San José ................... San Vicente Sipocot.. Siruma. June 25 Talísay......... July Tigaon...... Dec. Tinambac... July 221 340 110 104 366 248 941 759 192 238 134 183 144 220 243 24. 135 62.96 17.02 2, 363.73 38.50 39.35 10.55 98 144 22. 92 1,022 5, 233 4,976 18,934 15, 190 3,857 4, 762 2, 696 3,664 2,692 4, 413 4,876 4,918 8,969 3,500 2,114 3,526 4, 769 4,969 4, 399 Do. . 49 7.19 I 245 448 175 105 174 2. 927.00 31.83 55.25 129. 86 3, 648.95 14.98 238 248 219 140 103 100 Total. 250,000 12, 608 4, 365 23 36 17,894. 19 wypiscopal see of the Philippines. It han der of the same pool pool of the same namon about 5 m. NW of I fishing indna; on San Miguem. SE. of Nuevaname; 54 m. SE."Of NW. of Iriga, on Basod; 3 m.'s Pop., about 505 m. W. of ces Pop., 6.759a, on the or The province has 44 towns, 180 villages, and 221 hamlets conveniently situated on good roads, or rivers navigable for boats. The most important of the towns are (population of 1896 is generally given): Nueva Cáceres; former capital of the province of Camarines Sur, now capital of the province of Ambos Camarines; port of entry; garrison and telegraph station 14 m. SW. of Isarog Mt. and 124 m. NE. of Pasacao, its seaport on Ragay Gulf. It was at one time the seat of the episcopal see of the Philippines. It has a government house, cathedral, episcopal palace, town hall, seminary, hospital, parochial school, and normal school for female teachers. Pop.; 11,550. Within a radius of 10 m., on the banks of the Bícol and tributaries, or streams running into San Miguel Bay, are 11 towns of importance connected by fine roads. Baao; a garrisoned town and telegraph station about 5 m. NW. of Iriga, on the SE. border of the stagnant pool of the same name; 54 m. SE. of Bula, on the opposite border of the same pool; 18 m. SE. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 6,759. Barcelona; on San Miguel Bay, 5 m. W. of Cabusao. An important center of fishing industry. Pop., about 5,000. Basod; 3 m. S. of Dáet. Pop., 1,874. Bato; on the N. side of Bató Lake at its outlet through the Bicol Riv., 22) m. SE. of Nueva Cáceres. It has a United States garrison and is a place of considerable trade in rice and the other products of the country. Pop., 4,861. Bombón; on the road to San Miguel Bay, 71 m. N. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 2,256. Bula; on the r. bank of the Bicol Riv. at the junction of the Pauili, 13 m. SE. of Nueva Cáceres. Buhi; a garrison and telegraph station on the SE. shore of Buhi Lake, 28 m. SE. of Nueva Cáceres. An excellent road between it and Iriga. Pop., 10,000. Cabusao; a fishing village on the l. bank at the mouth of the Bicol Riv. Calabanga; a garrison and telegraph station on the bank of the river of the same name a short distance above its entrance into San Miguel Bay. Pop., 5,704. Calasgasan; a suburb 1 m. S. by W. of Dáet. Pop., 813. Camaligan; on a tributary of the Bicol Riv., 1 m. below Nueva Cáceres. It is a telegraph station and a place of much local trade. Pop., 5,050. Canamán; on a tributary of the Bícol Riv., 2 m. NW. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 5,959. Caramúan; 5 m. inland on I. bank of a river and at the foot of the highest moun- tain on the extreme E. coast. At the mouth of the river is an anchorage of 24 to 34 fms. It is also accessible from the bay of Lagonoy, from which it is distant about 2 m. by road. Pop., 6,697. S. Doc. 280— 18 290 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. of the Paet Ripi Riv., Capalonga; at the mouth of Banogboc Riv., emptying into the head of a small bay on the N. coast. Pop., 1,692. Colasi; on the N. slope of a mountain of that name and a place of call for steam- ers. Pop., 8,000. Dáet; former capital of the province of Camarines Norte, port of entry and garri- son situated 1 m. between the Dáet Riv. and one of its branches. Pop., 10,650. Gaínza; on the 1. bank of the Bicol Riv., 2 m. W. by S. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 2,631. Goa; a garrison at the NE. foot of Mt. Isarog, on the Rungus Riv., 44 m. above its mouth. Pop., 7,748. Indán; an inland town 5 m. NNW. of Dáet. Pop., 5,800. Iriga; a garrison and telegraph station on the r. bank of the Bícol Riv., 22 m. SE. of Nueva Cáceres, with which it is connected by a road. Pop., 17,094. One of the most important towns in the province. Labo; on the SE. slope of Sierra de Bagacay, 6 m. NW. of Dáet. Pop., 4,213. Lagonoy; on the 1. bank of a small stream, 5 m. inland from its mouth, on the NW. shore of Lagonoy Gulf. Pop., 8,500. Libmanán; a garrison and telegraph station on the river of the same name run- ning NW. to Lupi, 11 m. NW. of Nueva Cáceres and 4 m. in the same direction beyond the main road and telegraph crossing of the Bicol Riv. It has large hemp and rice industries. Pop., 14,512. Lupi; an important town in the NW. part of the province, on the main road from Nueva Cáceres to Manila and on the r. bank of a tributary of the Bícol. Pop., 765. Mabato-bató; on one of the tributaries of the Bícol on the S. slope of Mt. Isarog, 15 m. ESE. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 849. Magárao; a garrison and telegraph station on a tributary of the Bícol Riv., 3 m. N. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 5,293. Mambulao; near the mouth of the Danao; it has a fine anchorage. Off this town are a number of islets and rocks which make the approach difficult. Vicinity famous for red-lead ore. Pop., 1,182. Manguirín; on thel, bank of the Ruguian Riv., 9 m. NE. of Nueva Cáceres, between Mt. Isarog and San Miguel Bay. Pop., 1,300. Milaor; near the l. bank of the Bícol Riv., 3 m. SSW. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 5,120. Minalabac; on the l. bank of the Bicol Riv. It has a United States garrison. Pop., 3,869. Nabua; a garrison and telegraph station 202 m. SSE. of Nueva Cáceres. Con- nected by road with Baao, Bato, and Iriga. Pop., 17,789. Pampiona; on the r. bank of a tributary of the Bicol Riv., 8 m. WSW. of Nueva .Cáceres. A horse path connects it with Pasacao, on the gulf of Ragay, 6 m. Paracale; 8 m. SE. of Pinandungan Pt., celebrated for its ancient mines of coal. Pop., 3,211. Pasacao; the seaport of Nueva Cáceres on Ragay Gulf. A port of entry, garrison, and telegraph station. Pop., 1,548. Pili; a garrison and telegraph station 8 m. SE. of Nueva Cáceres and seat of important trade, being on the main highway across the province. Pop., 3,635. Quipayo; on the road, 7 m. N. by E. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 1,793. Ragay; in the extreme NW., near the Tayabas boundary. Pop., 2, 300. Sangay; near the W. shore of Lagonoy Bay, 23 m. E. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 3,985. San Fernando; near the l. bank of the Bicol Riv. It is a garrison and telegraph station and has a large trade. Pop., 3,271. San José de Lagonoy; a port of entry and telegraph station near the NW. shore of Lagonoy Bay. It is the chief town of the subdistrict of Lagonoy, which contains about 250 sq. m. and is isolated from the rest of the province, there being no road but merely trails. The ports of this subdistrict are Sapan and Nalo, and it contains the important towns of Lagonoy, San José de Lagonoy, Goa de Lagonoy, Tigaon (pop., 4,000), and Sangay (pop., 3,985). Pop., 9,000. San Vicente; 4 m. NW. of Daet, with which it is connected by a road. Pop., 1,325. Sipocot; at the junction of two streams forming an important tributary of the river Bícol from the NW. Pop., 1,066. Siruma; on the bay E. of San Miguel Bay. Pop., 679. Sógod; at the head of the bay of that name. Vessels drawing 19 ft. can approach the mole. A vein of coal has been discovered at Gatbó, a village to the SE. Talísay; 1 m. NW. of Dáet. Pop., 3,567. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 291 Tigaon; at the E. base of Isarog Mt., on the 1. bank of the Sapán Riv., 4 m. above its entrance into Lagonoy Bay. It has a garrison. Pop., 4, 100. Tinambac; at the mouth of the river Looc, on the E. shore of San Miguel Bay. Pop., 2,947. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. Off the coasts of the province, on the N., are a number of islands, islets, and rocks which render approach dangerous. Off the Lagonoy and Ragay coasts the islands are few. Dependent islands N. coast (Ambos Camarines), between Sógod and San Miguel bays. In all cases where not mentioned the area is less than 2 m. Calaguas I.; a group of 8 inhabited and several small islands, the largest and most central of which is Tinaga. They are covered with vegetables and mostly bor- dered with reefs, and are all low except Maculabo, which can be seen in clear weather 28 m. Anchorage may be found eastward of Maculabo from the SW. port of Tinaga, 33 m. NE. of Paracale, on the main coast. sq. m. ala- Jau to ............................................. 2----| ** - Cagbalísay........ Calagua. Ingalan.. Maculabo, 3 by 2.. Matandumaten (2) Pinacuapan.... Sámar.. Siapa .... Tinagá (3), 5 by 2...... Túnao........ Isolated islands: Calalanag...................................................................................... Calambayanga................. Caninao; at the entrance to San Miguel Bay. A short distance SE. of Dáet Riv.; of moder- ate height; is 2, m. long N. and S., surrounded by rocks, with an anchorage on the NE. side. Canit; an islet on the SE. coast of San Miguel Bay, S. of San Miguel I. Cantón (3); in the entrance to San Miguel Bay... Caringo (2); in the entrance to San Miguel Bay... Cutipanan ... Guintinúa (2), 5 by 13 .. Jauto... Palita..... Palumbató..... Quinamanucá (Kinamanokán) or Indang; low and flat and covered with vegetables.. Rasas; 5 small islands lying to the S. and sw. of Cantón I... Tailón ... Dependent islands NE, and S. coasts, from San Miguel to Lagonoy bays: Atalayan; in Lagonoy Bay, off the boundary with Albay...... Bacacay (5)........ Bantaranan (Batauanan); the northermost island on this coast; high and surrounded by rocks. Basot; E. of Lahuy I........ Binadil; in the port of that name ... Canagúan (2); in the channel of Taebún Catanatúan (2); low islands 2 m, E. of Caramóan; Taebún Channel, between them and the main- land, is clear, with 8 to 17 fms........ Humangan (3)...... Lahuy, 5. m. N. and S., 13 m. E. and w., forms Tagún Bay; NW. extremity terminates in a sharp peak.. Laja; a rock on which the sea breaks; in the entrance to Sisiran Bay....... Lamit (3) .... Languipao .... Lucsuhin... Malarad... Palombón (2), E. of Pt. Rungus, from which they are separated, 2 m. with 15 fms.. Pan de Azúcar, N. of Lahuy, and a very notable object. NW. of this is a group of 4 islands, t largest 700 yds. in length. Paniqui (4) .......... Panta ...................... Pitogo............. Quinabugan........ Quinalásag, or Bagata, forms the N. side of port of Sisiran, 5 miles in length, moderately high and clear on the sides; soundings on either side show depth of 14 to 23 fms. at less than 1 m. from Quinalásag, 5 by 5. San Miguel, E. shore of bay of same name Sibauan (5) ....... Siruma, at entrance to San Miguel Bay.... Dependent islands (Ambos Camarines) SW. coast on the Ragay Gulf, between the boundaries of Albay and Tayabas: Galvaney.... Refugio, 2 miles S. of Pasacao, the port of Nueva Cáceres..... Total dependent islands, 83; area.. - 69 292 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The province generally, and particularly S. and W. of Isarog, consists of extensive and fertile valleys which produce an excellent quality of rice, chocolate (superior to that from the Moluccas), corn, hemp, which is a special object of cultivation, and sugar cane. The following hemp receipts, 1850–1899, at Manila from the province of Ambos Camarines, taken from the report of the Manila Chamber of Commerce, afford an idea of the extent of this industry for export. There is also a large home consumption in manufacture: 39, 672 54, 592 37,771 1850 1851 1852.. 1853.. 1854... 1855.. 1856. 1857... 1858.. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864.. 1865... 1866...... [Piculs. 1 picul = 137.9 pounds; 16 piculs=1 ton; 2 piculs=1 bale.] 8,433 | 1867. 32, 858 | 1884.. 11, 798 | 1868. 34, 8681885.. 16,774 1869.. 23, 081 | 1886 21, 367 1870... 33, 177 1887 32, 6131871. 29, 531 1888 29, 766 1872... 1889 27, 320 1873.. 43,728 1890 38, 314 | 1874.. 38, 004 | 1891 44, 365 | 1875.. 42, 485 1892 50,915 1876 407 | 1893 36, 847 1877. 888 1894 30, 747 1878. 191 | 1895 33, 316 1879. 48, 420 1896 39, 554 1880......... 42,752 | 1897 .. 62, 7511898.. 24, 696 | 1882......... 52, 321 | 1899.. 31, 599 | 1883....... 47,504 | 43, 426 71, 601 66, 886 62, 421 63, 272 64, 846 76, 292 74, 494 93, 307 44, 033 1881 100l......... 147, 713 58, 910 14, 690 MINERALS. Among the mineral products are gold, silver, iron, lead, and copper, which are is found on Isarog and coal is found near Caramúan. There are numerous gold mines near Dáet. At Gatbó, a village SE. of Sógod town on the coast, is a layer of coal similar in quality to the Australian product. In the S. part there are also mines of pit coal, marble, and gypsum quarries, and some of the rivers carry gold. Mr. Drasche, a well-known German geologist, reported rich quartz veins at Mambulao at the time of his visit in 1875, which were being worked by 700 natives. At Paracale there are parallel quartz veins in granite, one 20 ft. in width, in which the ore assays 38 ozs. of gold to the ton. There are other localities being worked by the natives. archipelago. FORESTS. The luxuriant forests of this province contain abundant woods of excellent quality suitable for building, dyeing, and other economic purposes, such as baticulín, molave, and narra, in the N. part; and anajao, cedro, mangachapuy, naya, palomaría, tíndalo, acle, balete, bagainto, camagón, jaral, and also narra and molave in the S. part. The forest products from these sources are resin, pitch, tar, and large quantities of wax and honey. FRUITS. waww, camagón, jaral, and also maman phy, naya, Palomaria Although fruits of the surrounding region are found in abundance, the province is particularly known for the bananas which are grown. It is reported that nearly every variety of this fruit is found. INDUSTRIES. The inhabitants of Ambos Camarines are extensively engaged in a variety of indus- tries. Among them alcohol distilling, operating sugar mills and refinery, and distil- leries for the manufacture of the essence of ilang-ilang. There are also silversmiths' shops, tool shops, and numerous looms, especially for the manufacture of sinamay and guimarás. There are also hemp presses and brickyards. The people are exten- sively engaged in fisheries and the raising of live stock of all kinds, particularly carabaos and hogs. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. Ambos Camarines was occupied by United States forces February 22, 1900. After several engagements, with loss on both sides, the province was pacified in the sum- mer of 1901. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 293 Ambos Camarines was garrisoned by United States troops February 15, 1902, at the following stations: Calabanga. Magárao. Pasacao. Capalonga. Mambúlao. Pili. Dáet. Minalábag. Ragay. Indang. Nueva Cáceres. Sabang. Libmanán. Pamplona. San Fernando. Lupi. Paracale. San José de Lagonoy. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Under the general act of February 6, 1901, on April 27, 1901, a provincial govern- ment was established "in that territory in the island of Luzon and adjacent islands known as the province of Ambos Camarines.” PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] $2,000 Governor... Secretary ... Treasurer Supervisor.. Fiscal 1,500 2,500 2,000 1,500 Provincial officers are allowed necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceed- ing $3 per day as provided by law. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities to meet on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October to organize and transact business according to law. CONDITIONS. Travel on all roads is safe to the most distant interior. Crime is rare, and very little trouble is experienced from ladrones. Occasional depredations from mountain tribes are within control of the police. The military force has been greatly reduced. Fair interest was shown in recent municipal elections, there being no party lines except that candidates supposed to hold Nacionalista” views were defeated by large majorities. There are 32 American teachers in the province, covering 17 towns, with good attendance and interest in schools. (Official report of the provincial governor, Ambos Camarines, December, 1901.) AMBUBUYO (ahm-boo-boo-yoh), ver.; mountain, AMBUM (ahm-boom'), nat.; point NW. of Taclo- in Cebu. ban and the inner head on Leyte shore enter- AMBUCLAO (ahm-boo-clah'-oh), ver.; hamlet in ing San Pedro Bay. Benguet, N. of Baguio, Luzón. Pop., 145. AMBUNGAN (ahm-boong'-ahn), nat.; river of In- AMBUGAN (ahm-boo-gahn), ver.; islet 2 m. off fanta, Luzón, falling into sea at N. entrance NW. coast of Bohol, 4 m. sw. of Lauis Pt. to channel separating island off central coast AMBULAN. (ahm-boo'-lahn), ver.; garrisoned opposite Polillo I. from mainland. town in Batangas, Luzón.. - hamlet in Leyte, 8 m. SE. of Carigara. AMBURAYAN, LUZÓN, SUBPROVINCE OF LEPANTO- BONTOC. (Ahm-boo-rah'-yahn, ver.) Chief town: Alilem (residence of lieutenant-governor). Area: (Included in Ilocos Sur). Population: Christians, 150; non-Christians, 30,000. Race: Igorrotes, chiefly. Language: Cancanay and Tinginan. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. This former comandancia, situated on the sources of the streams in the Malaya range, is bounded on the N. by Tiagán and Ilocos Sur, on the S. by Unión, on the E. by Lepanto, on the W. by Ilocos Sur and Unión. The inhabitants, mostly Igor- rotes and non-Christian, are distributed among many hamlets. Alilem, Luyo, and Cabacan are the most important towns. The industries are weaving cotton cloth and manufacture of other articles for home consumption. On May 28, 1902, by act of the Philippine Commission, Amburayan was made a subprovince of Lepanto- Bontoc (q. v.). 294 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. AMBURAYAN (ahm-boo-rah'-yahn), ver.; river | ANAGANÁHAO (ah-nah-gah-nah-how), ver.; in former comandancia of same name, Ilocos point and island 11 m. NW. by N. on extreme Sur, Luzón. NE. land of Mindoro, 31 m. E. by N. of Cala- AMELUI-BOJE-BOJE (ah-may-looy' boh' - hay pán. boh'-hay), ver.; hamlet on SE. shore of Ba- ANÁHAO (ah-nah'-how), nat.; islet E. of Sámar. silan I., Sulu A. ANAHÁOAN (ah-nah-hah'-oh-ahn), nat.; point on N. shore of entrance to Palo Bay, on NE. coast AMIBA (ah-meel-bah), ver.; river in Ambos Cam- of Mindoro. arines, Luzón, rising on W. side of Isarog Mt. and emptying N. into San Miguel Bay. ANAHAUAN (ah-nah-how-ahn), nat.; river in Mindanao. AMIGAS (ah-meel-gahs), Sp.; port on N. shore of ANAJA (ah-nah'-hah), nat.; point on NE. coast Tawi-Tawi I., Sulu A., W. of Lammuyan Pt. of Mindoro to N. of bay of Polá. Chief town of island. Tatán is on this port. ANÁJAO (ah-nah'-how), nat.; point on NE. shore - point on the NW. shore of Laguimanoc of Catanduanes I., Luzón, at entrance to Bay, S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. Magamanoc Port. AMÍLAO (ah-meel-lah-oo), ver.; river in Leyte. ANAJAUAN (ah-nah-how'-ahn), nat.; island 11 m. AMIÓ (ah-myoh'), ver.; hamlet at headwaters of S. of Siargao I., 12, m. E. of S. end of Bucás I., Tanhay Riv. in S. part of Negros Oriental, off NE. coast of Mindanao; lies 2 m. SW. of which empties into Tañón Strait at town of Lajanosa. same name. - hamlet on S. coast of Leyte, 24 m. S. of AMIÓNAY (ah-myoh'-ni), ver.; mountain in Bo Hinundayan. hol, 8 m. N. of García Hernández. - island in Pacific Ocean, 2 by 1 m., 8 m. S. of AMÍROY (ah-meel-roy), ver.; hamlet on S. branch Siargao, and 11 m. E. of Bucás I. of Jalaur Riv., Iloilo, Panay, 4; m. W. and ANAJALGAN (ah-nah-hah-00'-gahn), ver.; island above Lucena. and 4 islets close to it, SW. of Binigsian Pt., W. coast of Negros. To S. are bays of Carta- AMLIG (ahm-leeg'), ver.; mountain in Ambos gena and Sepalay. Camarines, Luzon. ANAMBOGÓN (ah-nahm-boh-gohn'), ver.; point AMLÍMNY (ahm-leem'-nee), ver.; hamlet in Ben- on extreme SW. coast of Albay, Luzón. guet, Luzón, 15 m. NE. of Trinidad. Pop., 336. ANANAE (ah-nah-nah'-ay), ver.; pueblo in former AMOIGUIÁN (ah-moy-geeahn'), nat.; unimpor- comandancia of Tiagán, NW. Luzón. tant island E. of Apiton I., Iloilo Strait, Panay. ANANAO (ah-nah-now'), nat.; hamlet in Lepanto, AMOG (ah-mohg'), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, Luzón, 14 m. N. of Cayán. 13 m. NE. of Tubungan. ANANOC (ah-nah-noke'), ver.; hamlet in Abra, AMOGOTADA (ah- moh - goh - tah' - dah), Sp.; Luzon, 4 m. E. of Bangued, on trail across point on S. side of Sibuco Bay, W. coast of great bend of Abra Riy. Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. ANAO (ah-now'), Tag.; town of Tarlac, Luzon, 17 -point extreme SW. of Barin I., SW. of Biri m. from Tárlac. Pop., 7,000. I., off N. coast of Sámar, in San Bernardino ANAO-AON (ah-now-ah-ohn), ver.; town in Suri- Strait. gao, Mindanao, on bay at extreme NW. point AMOL (ah-mohl'), ver.; point in Bohol. between Madilao and Bilan pts., 4 m. W. by AMOMASAN (ah-moh-mah-sahn), ver.; hamlet in S. of Surigao. Pop., 1896, 602. Lepanto, Luzón, 12 m. W. of Cayán. ANAPÓ (ah-nah-poh'). Tag.; point on China Sea AMORON (ah-moh'-rohn), nat.; point on inner coast of Bataan, Luzón. entrance to Barrera Port, NE, shore Masbate ANAPUYAN (ah-nah-poo'-yahn), nat.; an islet off I., Visayas. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. AMPARO (ahm-pah'-roh), Sp.; hamlet on S. coast ANARIGUEN (ah-nah-ree'-gayn), nat.; river en- of Leyte, on coast road,5 m. S. of E. of Maasin. tering on W. shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, - town on 1. bank of Agusan Riy., in Suri- Luzon, between Roja and Alimpago Pts. gao, Mindanao, 8 m. S. of Butuan, 78 m. S. by E. of Surigao. ANÁS (ah-nahs'), ver.; small river in Biliran I., AMPUSINGÁN (ahm-poo-sing-ahn'), ver,; town in N. of Leyte, entering sea 1 m. N. of Naval, Biliran I. Benguet, Luzón. Pop., 1896, 625. AMÚLAC (ah-moo'-luck), ver.; town in Cagayán, - point in Biliran I., N. of Leyte. Luzón. ANAUAYAN (ah-nah-wah'-yahn), ver., islet 336 ft. high and visible 15 m., in sea channel of NE. AMÚLUNG (ah-moo - loong), ver.; town of Caga- entrance to Guimarás Strait, 8 m. SE. of Con- yán, Luzón, on r. bank of Grande de Cagayan cepción, noilo, Panay, 8 m. NW. of Manapla, Riv., at mouth of tributary of that stream and N. coast of Negros, and 2 m. SE. of Tagua- on main highway and telegraph line, 16 m. bonhan. N. of Tuguegarao. Pop., 1887, 6,708. ANAYÁN (ah-nah-yahn'), ver.; river in Luzon. AMURAUAN (ah-moo-rah'-wahn), nat.; river en- ANCHOR, for.; cliff W. coast of Palawan, S. of tering N. side of inlet on N. shore of Putiao Bentoan Pt., head to Ulugan Bay. Port, SW. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón. ANCHORAGE, for.: island 2 m. in circumference, AMURAON (ah-moo-rah'-ohn), nat.; islet between largest and northeasternmost of group in Afif Pt. NE. of Masbate and San Rafael Pt. of Deep Bay, E. coast of Palawan. Ticao. A number of small islets lie in vicin- - island in Inlulutoc Bay, NW. coast of Pala- ity, Pan de Azúcar. wan. AMÚSIC (ah-moo'-seek), ver.; river in Mindanao. ANDA (ahn-dah), Sp.; town on SE. coast of Bohol, AMUYAO (ah-moo-yow'), ver.; mountain in Bon 7 m. S. of E. of Guindulman, 56 m. N. of E. of toc, Luzón. Tagbilaran. Pop., 4,036. ANA (ah-nah), Sp.; point S. head to Maulun, NW. - town on S. extreme of Cabarruyan I., off of Catbalogan, W. coast of Sámar. W. shore of Lingayen Gulf, Zambales, Luzón, ANABO (ah-nah-boh'), nat.; hamlet in Concep 63 m. NW. of Iba. Has high roads to Alami- ción, Iloilo, Panay, 1 m. SW. of Lemery. nos and Bolinao Pop., 3,761. - hamlet on main road in Cavite, Luzón, 10 ANDAGANAN (ahn-dah-gah'-nahn), ver.; river in m. SE. of Cavite. Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 295 ANDAGAO (ahn-dah-gow'), ver.; inland hamlet | ANIBOYA (ah-nee-beau'-yah), ver.; island off NE. of Cápiz, Panay, 2 m. SE. of Calivo. coast of Marinduque I. of a group of 3, Santa - village on NW. coast of Tablas I. Cruz, the W.; Maniuayan (Mauiua), the center, and Mompog the easternmost. ANDANG (ahn-dahng'), nat.; craggy peak in Cara- ballos Occidentales, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. ANIBUN (ah-need-boon), nat.; point in Leyte. ANDAO (ahn-dow'), ver.; mountain in Leyte. - a town on N. shore of Cagayán Sulu I.. Sulu Sea, Lapun Lapun Anchorage. ANDEIRO (ahn-day'-roh), Sp.; point on NE. ex- treme of Balábac I. and s. head to Candara- ANIBUYAN (ah-nee-boo'-yahn), ver.; hamlet on man Inlet. N. shore of large bay forming between Tam- bog and Catarman Pts. on E. coast of Surigao, ANDEQUEL (ahn-day-kayl'), Sp.; mountain in Mindanao, 140 m. SE. by E. of Surigao. Pangasinan, Luzón. ANILAO (ah-nee-lah-oh), ver.; town and river on ANDEYRO (ahn-day'-roh), Sp.; point at extreme SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 20 m. NE. by E. of NE. end of Balábac I., Balábac grp., and Iloilo. River may be ascended by boats at headland opposite Marinas Pt. to Candara- high water. Pop., 2,699. nan Inlet. -- mountain in extreme SE. part of Leyte, 21 ANDO, or ANDIS (ahn'-doh, ahn'-dis), ver.; island m. N. of Mac Crohon. . 1} by 1 m., 3 m. E. of Borongan, off E. coast of ÁNIMA SOLA (ah'-nee-mah soh'-lah), Sp.; islet Sámar. 4, m., N.40° E. of NE. point of Burias I., Visayas. ANDRAO (ahn-drah'-oh), ver.: island E. of Sámar. ANIMOSA (ah-nee-moh'-sah), Sp.; 2 rocks, 3 and ANELIA (ah-nay-lyah), Sp.; hamlet in Cavite, 8 ft. high, in track of vessels from Calis to Luzón, 24 m. S. of Cavite. Culión Pt., with Piedra Blanca bearing W. ANGADANAN (ahn-gah-dah'-nahn), ver.; town on ANININGAN (ah-nee-neeng'-ahn), ver.; point on main road, 22 m. S. by W. from Ilagan, Isabela, NW. coast of Cebú, 8 m, S. of Remigio. Luzon. Pop., 2,739. ANINI-Y (ah-nee'-neey), ver.; town on extreme - tributary of Magat Riv. from SE., in SW. point of Antique, Panay, 21. m. S. of San Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. José de Buenavista. Pop., 4,802. ANGAQUI(ahn-gah-key),ver.; pueblo in Lepanto, ANIPAHÁN (ah-nee-pah-hahn'), ver.; mountain Luzón, at forks of highway, SE, to Cervantes, on W. coast of Palawan. (See Long Pt.) 12 m. N. of W. of Cayán. Pop. 1896, 734. ANIR, or MINOLI (ah-neer', mee-noh-lee), ver.; ANGÁS (ahn-gahs'), ver.; point at northernmost tributary of Magat Riv., in Nueva Vizcaya, projection of Biliran I. and W. entrance head- Luzón. land to Daram Channel, N. of Leyte. ANISLAGÓN (ah-nees-lah-gon'); river in Leyte. --- high point 2. m. SE. of Búlac Pt., on S. side of Otake Bay, in Albay, Luzon. - mountain in Leyte. - point on NW. shore of Pigbalao Bay. ANISLAYON (ah-nees-lah-yohn'), ver.; mountain in central range in Leyte, 7 m. SW. of ANGAT(ahn-gaht'), Tag.; river of BulacánLuzon, Abúyog. rising in mountains E. and N. of pueblo of ANITAGUIPAN (ah-nee-tah-geel-pahn), ver.; same name, takes W. direction and empties point of entrance on S. side of Borongan Bay, into Grand Pampanga Riv. midway between San Julián and Borongan, - mountains in Bulacan, Luzón; seat of im- E. coast of Sámar. portant native iron manufacture. ANITO (ah-nee'-toh), nat.; N. pointon N. entrance peak in Caraballo Sur, in Bulacan, Luzon. to bay on E. shore of Sámar, 1. m. NE. of San town on main road to Manila, in Bulacán, Julián. Luzón, 13 m. NE. of Bulacan, Pop., 8,050. -- mountain in Panay. - point in Tayabas, Luzón. ANKI (ahn-key), ver.; islet 2. m. SE. of General ANGATATAN (ahn-gah-tah'-tahn), nat.; river of I., off NE. coast of Mindanao. Pangasinan, Luzón, rises near boundaries of ANOJULAN (ah-noh-hool-lahn), ver.; town in Abra, takes S. direction and empties into gulf Cagayán, Luzón. of Lingayen. ANOLING (ah-naw-ling'), ver.; most N. island, 40 ANG-BAIONG (ahng-bah-yohng'), nat.; hamlet of ft. high, off Cagayanes grp., Sulu Sea, off SW. Bontoc, Luzón, 13 m. from Bontoe. Pop., 163. coast of Negros Occidental. (Also Anúling.) ANGE (ahn'-hay), ver.; mountain in Nueva Viz ANONOÓ (ah-noh-noh-oh'), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, caya, Luzón. Panay, 14 m. N. of Igbarás. ÁNGELES (ahn'-hay-lays), Sp.; post town at junc ANOUANREÉS (ah-noh-wahn-race'), ver.; ham- tion of several roads in Pampanga, Luzón, 10 let, 9 m. E. of Gándara, in Sámar. m. NW. of Bacolor, Manila and Dagupan AMOY (ah-noy'), yer.; crater in Guimaras I., 4 m. R. R. Pop., 3,000; township having 10,495. SE. of Nagaba, SE. of Panay. ANGIL (ahng-eel ), ver.; W. point to Bulag Bay, TANPAYAC (ahn-pah-yac'). ver.: in Lepanto. Lu- on Sw. shore of Sorsogon, Luzón. (See zón, 16 m. W. of Cayán. Marínap.) ANQUILÉN (ahn-key-layn'), ver.; pueblo in Bon- ANGLIT (ahn-gleet'), ver.; hamlet in Samar, 81- toc, Luzón. Pop., 1887, 286. m. E. of Basey. ANSIG (ahn-seeg'), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, ANGONO (ahn-goh'-noh), Tag.; pueblo Rizal 1 m. NW. by N. of Passi. (Mórong), Luzón, on Laguna de Bay road, 14 m. by road and 5 m. direct from Mórong. ANSOL (ahn-sohl'), ver,: point on NE. coast of Fine building stone used in Manila port works Bohol, 6 m. NW. of Ubay. came from this place. Pop., 1,955. ANTABAAN (ahn-tah-bah'-ahn), nat.; bay on SE. ANGUI (ahn'-gee). ver.; mountain in Isabela. angle of Nin Bay, SW, coast of Masbate. Luzón, near 1. bank of Margat Riv. - point at E. entrance to bay of same name, ANGUIÉN (ahn-geeayn'), ver.; town of Bontoc, SW. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. Luzón, 16 m. from Bontoc. Township of river entering on E. shore of bay of same same name has population of 1,115, of which name, sw, coast of Masbate. number 996 dwell in town. ANTADAO (ahn-tah-dah'-oh). ver.; pueblo of ANHAON (ahn-hah'-ohn) ver.; hamlet on main Bontoc, Luzón, 11 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 328. road, 11 m. SE. of Panay, in Cápiz, Panay. ANTAGTACAN (ahn-tag-tah'-cahn), ver.; point in ANIUAUAN (ah-nee-wah-wahn), ver.; river in island of Marinduque, NW.coast, at entrance Leyte. to Bancalan port. 296 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ANTAL (ahn-tahl'), ver.; inlet in Negros Occi- | ANTIPOLO (ahn-tee-poh'loh), Sp.; town in Rizal dental. (Mórong), Luzón, 7 m. NW.of Morong. Pop., ANTEQUERA (ahn-tay-kay'-rah), Sp.; inland 3,500. town in Bohol, 12 m. E. of N. of Tagbilaran. - inland hamlet of Negros Occidental, 3} m. Pop., 5,842. SE. of Pontevedra. ANTICARÍN (ahn-tee-cah-reen'), ver.; hamlet in Pangasinan, Luzón, on main road, 84 m. SE. - hamlet, 5 m. W. of Súlat, E. coast of Sámar. of Lingayen. river emptying into San Juanico Strait, ANTIGAS (ahn-tee-gahs'), ver.; river in Sámar, NW. of Panalarum Bay, 11 m. NW. of Taclo- entering sea channel at Catbalogan. ban, Leyte. ANTIGUA PALÁPAG (ahn-tee'gwah pah-lah'- - point on S. shore of Carigara Bay, Leyte, pahg), Hisp.; hamlet in Sámar, 2 m. S. of Palápag. in approach to Janabatás Channel. ANTIPASI (ahn-tee-pah'-see), ver.; mountain in - point W. side of S. entrance to Ambil Strait, Negros. Lúbang Is., W. of Batangas, Luzón. ANTIQUE, PANAY, PROVINCE OF. (Ahn-tee'-kay, ver.) Capital: San José de Buena Vista, lat. 10° 44' N., lon. 121° 54' E. Area: Mainland, 1,333 sq. m.; 6 dependent islands, 7 sq. m.; total, 1,340 sq. m. Population: 115,434. Race: Visayan. Language: Visayan modified. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay. Table of distances. From San José to- Cápiz, NE... Iloilo, E..... Iloilo, Mindoro Sea . Manila, NW... Manila via Mindoro Strait Puerto Princesa, Palawan... Romblon, N... Zamboanga, Mindanao, S.. 276 316 221 140 267 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Antique occupies, with the exception of a small strip on the NW., the entire W. shore of the island of Panay. It is bounded on the N. by Cápiz; on the E. by Cápiz and Iloilo, and on the S. and W. by the Mindoro Sea. A lofty range of mountains, the highest summit, Nangtud, having an elevation of 7,150 ft., extends along entire length of the E. boundary and terminates at the sea at Pt. Pucio, at the extreme NW. end. AREA. Its extreme measurements are 103 m. from N. to S. and 24 m. from E. to W. Area, 1,333 sq. m. There are 6 dependent islands, having an area of 7 sq. m. Total area, 1,340 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. In general the surface is broken by a number of isolated summits of considerable elevation interspersed by extensive, fertile, and well-watered valleys. No less than 72 rivers and smaller streams carry the waters from the dividing range and have an outlet in the sea. Among the larger of these streams are Mabatá, Batalán, Bitadtún, Paningayan, Panaantá, Bacon, Paliuan, Cadián, the largest river in the province, and Sibalón, the last of which with a number of large tributaries enters the sea through 4 mouths N. of San Pedro. BAYS AND HARBORS. From Pucio Pt., in the extreme NW., to Siraan, a point in the extreme SW., the coast of Antique, 155 m., is almost entirely without sheltered bays, the anchorage being mostly open roadsteads exposed to winds from the W. Anini-y; vessels can find shelter from the NE. monsoon in 1} to 2} fms. E. of the town of this name. Málay; an anchorage in 5 fms. on the N. side of Násog Pt. and opposite the river and village of Málay. PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT BUILDING AT SAN JOSÉ DE BUENAVISTA, ANTIQUE, PANAY. "Statue of Liberty" in the left foreground was dragged 9 miles the night before the Commissioner's arrival. HONORRTO THIS COMISSI ARCH OF WELCOME, SAN JOSÉ DE BUENAVISTA, ANTIQUE, PANAY. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 297 Pandán; a safe and deep anchorage in the bend of the abrupt coast with the little river Bugan running 27 m. to the W. of it, offers little shelter. The town of the same name lies on the shore. San José; an anchorage S. of the town of that name in 6 to 7 fms. and well shel- tered during the NE. monsoons. The river Malandoc enters the bay S. of the town and has a depth of 9 ft. It affords facilities for an active coasting trade. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. During the dry seasons the roads can be traversed without difficulty, but in wet weather they become impassable for carriages. There are two cart roads which communicate with the adjacent provinces; one starts from the town of San José, passing through all of the towns to the N., and unites with the road in the province of Cápiz, at Navas. The other, starting from San José, follows along through Antique and joins with the road in the province of Iloilo, at the town of San Joaquín. These roads are interrupted by the mountains to the N. and S., being reduced to paths more or less inaccessible, according to the time of the year. The larger rivers afford native-boat transportation between the plantations in the interior and the towns on the coast. A fine road skirts the entire W. shore of the province from Lindero, near the boundary of Cápiz, on the NW., to San Francisco, on the boundary of Iloilo, in the extreme SE., passing through 83 towns and villages, including the capital. A number of interior towns are located on branch roads connected with this main road. ding to the tim the N. and yn of San Jo POPULATION AND TOWNS. The registered population is 115,434. In 1887, 116,407. The majority are Visayans. The Mundos and a few Negritos live in the more inaccessible summits of the moun- tains. The language spoken is Visayan. Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 2,467 2,357 4,294 3,574 2,514 4,030 2, 471 4,621 1,824 4,869 1.631 4,981 7,604 4,828 8, 915 3,455 9, 138 7,549 2, 366 3,798 3,845 Antique: Anini-y.. Antique ... Barbaza .. Bugason.. Caritan.. Culasi .. Dao ..... Egaña. Guisijan.... Nalupa Nuevo. Pandán .... Patnongon. San José de Buena Vista .. San Pedro. San Remigio .. Sebaste. Sibalón. Tibiao. Valderrama Total. 4,269 3, 751 1, 103 1,837 1, 395 5,038 2,934 3,068 3,213 1,759 2,020 5,789 2,952 2,156 2, 861 10, 654 6,239 6,334 6,830 1,263 2,008 1,466 5, 616 3,305 3, 266 3,617 1, 746 2, 371 6,496 3,249 2,270 60,800 505 391 12, 285 6, 201 55, 607 116, 407 Estimated population, 1901, 115,434. Pueblo added since 1887, Cagayancillo, population, 2,339. For population of pueblos in partial census of 1896, see p. 32. There are 51 towns with a population ranging from 2,000 to 20,000, and upward of 114 villages, besides the hamlets of the wild tribes of the mountains. The population of 1896 is generally given. San José de Buena Vista; capital of the province, a port of entry and military station, situated at the N. extremity of a bay S. of Pt. Dilepe. The Malandoc Riv. enters the bay S. of the town, and is well sheltered during the NE. monsoons. There is an active coasting trade between San José and Iloilo. The country sur- rounding the town is generally level, and from the sea presents a beautiful appear- ance. Pop., 5,621. 298 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Anini-y; at the extreme SW. point of the province, 22 m. S. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 4,082. Antique; on the main road, 5 m. S. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 10,929. Barbaza; on the coast road, 32 m. N. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 3,231. Bugasón; on the coast road, 25 m. N. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 14, 104. Cagayancillo; an inland town. Pop., 3,000. Caritan; on the main road, 21 m. N. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 1,240. Culasi; on the coast road, 47 m. N. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 10,553. Dao; at the crossing of the river of the same name by the coast highway, 16 m. S. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 7,948. Egaña; on the r. bank of a river entering the sea N. of Antique, 5 m. E. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 1,995. Guisijan; on the coast road, 28 m. N. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 6,247. Nalupa Nuevo; on the coast road, 29 m. N. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 2,972. Pandán; on coast road, in the bend of the shore 18 m. E. of Pucio Pt. and 66 m. N. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 13,737. Patnongón; on the coast road, 15 m. N. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 5,911. San Remigio; on the l. bank of the Sibalón Riv., 8 m. above its mouth and 14 m. NE. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 2,503. San Pedro; on the coast road, at the crossing of the S. of the three mouths of the Sibalón Riv., 6 m. S. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 7,366. Sebaste; on the coast road, 66 m. N. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 3,676. Sibalón; on the l. bank of the river of the same name, 6 m. above its mouth and 16 m. NE. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 11,675. Tibiao; on the coast road, 37 m. N. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 5,402. Valderrama; on the l. bank of the Cadián Riv., 8 m. NNE. of San José de Buena Vista. Pop., 4,372. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. Off the coast of Antique lie the following islands: Area, 3 sq. m. Batbatán; 18 m. S. by E. of Pucio Pt. and 10 m. W. off Lipata Pt., about 400 ft. high (?), with a central hill and clear channel between it and the mainland... Jurao-Jurao; 1 m. off extreme SE. point.. Maniguín; 15 m. SW. off Pucio Pt., 150 feet high in the center; on the SW. side is a village inclosed with strong palisading ........ Maralison; 4 m. SW. by S. off Lipata Pt., and 4 m. off the coast of Culasi. Nucas; 3) m. off the extreme SW. point fronting the town of Aníniy. Shells of commercial value are found in abundance....... Seco (Pontud); 17 m. SE. by S. of Batbatán I., about 26 ft. high, and covered with trees. The water immediately surrounding is 38 to 70 fms.. Six dependent islands, total area.. - a VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The report from this province indicates a very rapid development in agriculture. It now includes considerable quantity of hemp, rice (palay), sugar cane, copra, sibucao, coffee, chocolate, and tobacco. Maize, camotes, and other vegetables are also raised. MINERALS. Important deposits of iron, gypsum, marl, anthracite coal, and marble are found. In the vicinity of the town of Antique are extensive beds of marble of various colors and structure, but not as yet worked to any extent. Gold, copper, and sulphur are also found but not in paying quantities. FORESTS. The country is covered with a variety of wood useful for building and cabinet pur- poses, such as molave, ipil, banabá, dungón, alintatao, narra, etc. Large quantities of pitch, resin gum, mastic wax, and honey are obtained. In the N. part of the province the lumber business is carried on with profit. FRUITS. The mangostán, bananas, and other fruits of the latitude grow abundantly. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 299 INDUSTRIES. re of fabrics from pmen! There is an a, in sugar, hemes" The manufacture of fabrics from pineapple fiber, such as jusi and sinamay, gives employment to upward of 12,000 women. There is an extensive trade between the towns of this province and the ports of Iloilo and Manila, in sugar, hemp, rice, sibu- cao, hides, etc. In 1870 the trade of the province amounted to 87,478 piculs in imports and 197,809 piculs in exports. Ollas, jars, and other similar pottery are manufactured at Sibalon in sufficient quantities for home consumption. Cattle rais- ing is also important, but was much reduced by the rinderpest. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. On January 2, 1900, a mixed command was formed at Iloilo and entered this prov- ince by the mountain pass, the insurgents being disposed to dispute the crossing of the Antique Riv. An engagement followed, resulting in the dispersion of the oppos- ing force and capture of guns, etc., and the occupation of San José de Buena Vista. The garrison at that point, under instructions,"cleared the country of insurgents, kept order in the province, organized municipal government, and put public schools in operation." Antique had the following towns February 15, 1902, garrisoned by United States troops: Bugason. Colasi. Legatic. San José de Buena Vista. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Antique was created under the provincial government act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the Philippine Commission April 13, 1901, to include that territory in the island of Panay, known as the 'province of Antique.'' PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor. $1,600.00 Secretary .. 1,200.00 Treasurer. 1,800.00 Supervisor.. 1, 600.00 Fiscal ..... 1,200.00 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceeding $2.50 per day as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet on the third Monday in January and June, to consider improvements needed in the prov- ince and to make recommendations to the provincial board. abandoned in the previed by the municipal police the restoration CONDITIONS, JANUARY 14, 1902. “There was a gradual reduction of the number of military stations, eight having been abandoned in the previous year. The Ladrones, the robbers of the country, have been successfully handled by the municipal police or constabulary. The rinderpest has been controlled by quarantine measures. With the restoration of order and the establishment of local government, backed by strong central administration, this province, notwithstanding the cattle plague, has made important advances in indus- try and wealth.” (Official report of provincial governor of Antique, January, 1902.) twithstandino Vernment, backes. With the nstabulary. Thantry, have ANTIQUE (ahn-teel-kay), ver.; town and river on w.coast of Antique, Panay, 5 m. SE. of San José de Buena Vista, at s. extremity of same bay. Has church and school. Pop., 1,236. ANTIYAO (ahn-tee-yow'), ver., river in Sámar. ANTONIA (ahn-toh'-neeah), Sp.; most S. islet of Gigantes cluster, 13 m. E. of Bulacaue, ex- treme N. point of Panay. ANTONIO (ahn-toh'-neeoh), Sp.; bay on extreme ANTÚAN (ahn-tool-ahn), nat.; point on SE. coast of Purra I. situated on w. side of gulf of Lingayen. ANTUCAO (ahn-too-cow'). ver.: point on SE. coast of Ambil, important bearing in navigat- ing channel from Manila between Mindoro and Batangas shore of Luzón. ANUNANGA (ah-noo-nahng'-ah), ver. (See Cabi- toagan, anchorage on W. shore of Davao Gulf, Mindanao.) AOCON (ah-oh-cohn), nat.; 2 islands off SE. coast SE. coast Palawan with from 5 to 29 fms. Also called Rocky Bay. Range of mountains inland is 3,500 ft. high and an excellent landmark. ANTUAGAN (ahn-twah'-gahn), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, on N. bank of Abra Riv., below mouth of Danianil Riv., 174 m. E. of S. of Bangued. of Daram I., at entrance to channel leading to Janabatás channel. ÁPAD (ah'-pahd). nat.: village on cove on NW. shore of Calagnán I., off NE. coast of Iloilo, Panay. 300 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. APÁHAO (ah-pah-how), ver.; island off coast of APO—Continued. Sámar, 7 m. S. of Hernani. mit are 3 peaks; highest, that to SW., has APAL (ah-pahl').ver.; town 3 m. inland on r. bank altitude of 10,312 ft. above sea level and is of river of considerable size, formerly 2 large one containing crater. Long before reach- branches emptying into Pacific Ocean, near ing this crater deafening intermittent sub- Paraújao Pt., N. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, 14 terranean sounds are heard, which increase m. N. of López and on coast road to Capalonga. as distance diminishes. They finally become so great that it seems as though the earth APALAUT (ah-pah-lah'-oot), nat.; point on SE. would disappear from under the feet and shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, that eruption would soon begin. Two ex- Luzón. peditions have succeeded in reaching top of APALASIT (ah-pah-lah-seet'), ver.; point in Zam this famous volcano-that of Joaquín Rajal, bales, Luzón. governor of Davao, in 1880, and that of 2 APÁLIT (ah-pah'-lit), ver.; town on r. bank of German naturalists, Alexander Schandem- Rio Grande de la Pampanga in Pampanga, berg and Otto Koch, in 1882. Luzon, 8 m. S. of E. of Bacolor. Pop., 11,753. - village in vicinity of mountain of that - point on N. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast name in Cebú. of Zambales, Luzón. - islet (lat. 12° 40', lon. 120° 24' E.) in China APANICAN (ah-pah-neel-cahn), ver.; riyer in Sea, 23. m. W. of Sablayán Pt. and same dis- Leyte. tance from Tara I., nearest of islands outlying Busuanga, W. coast of Mindoro. On W. side ÁPAO (ah'-pah-oh), ver. ; mountain in Panay. of channel smaller islet, Menor, lies 2 m. APARRI (ah-pah'-rree), ver.; port of entry, p. 0. ENE. Number of shoals lie within radius and m. o. town of 11,262 inhabitants, on N. of 19 m. E., N., and W. It forms important coast of Luzon, situated on E. side of mouth bearing point in navigation of this part of of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., in Cagayán, China Sea. Apo I. lies in mid-channel of Apo Luzón. Chief port of coast and ocean trade Passage between Mindoro and Calamianes on N. and starting point of inland river navi- group of islands, and besides giving name to gation. Is N. terminus of highway and tele this sea thoroughfare divides it into E., or graph line S. across Luzón to Manila, and Mindoro, and W., or. Calamianes, passages. under Spanish dominion was residence of This sea channel is also known as Mindoro port captain. Is 54 m. N. of Tuguegarao. Strait. Steamers call fortnightly from Manila. - shoal 10 m. N. to S. and 9 m. from E. point APASAN (ah-pah-sahn), ver.; mineral spring in to W. part of Apo I. There are 2 high black Tayabas, Luzón. rocks NE. of Menor visible 6 m, off, and both ÁPAT (ah'-paht), nat.; creek in Tayabas, Luzón. islands in clear weather may be seen from APAYAO (ah-pah'-yah-oh), ver.; river of Cagayán, elevation of 70 ft. about 10 m. Luzón. Rises on E. declivity of Cordillera - island 14 m. long, 4 m. E. off SE. coast of Central, in summits of Mount Tupuc, and Negros, at Zamboanguita. Is 300 ft. high traverses a narrow but fertile valley with a and visible 24 m. at sea. considerable population and much cultiva- -- mountain in central cordillera of Cebú, 7 tion. SE. tributary of this river unites with m. E. of Alcántara, on W. coast. Nanud-dalan Riv. in forming Pamplona Riv. APOD (ah-pohd'), nat.; river of Ambos Camarines (q. v.), of Cagayán, Luzón. (Sur), Luzón, in jurisdiction of Bató. It rises APAYAOS (ah-pah-yah'-ohs), ver.; former poli- in mountains to SSW. and empties into sea S. tico-military comandancia, bounded on N. by of pueblo of same name. Clavería, Pamplona, and Abúlug: on E. by Lal-ló and Gattaran, as far as junction of - point on coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Chico Riv., and on W.by slopes of Gran Cor- Luzón. dillera del Norte. Population is about 16,000 APO LAMBÚ (ah'-poh lam-boo'), ver.; is said to and includes about 40 villages. Principal have been within memory of man island towns are Fotol and Capinitan. It is em- with trees on it, but was overwhelmed by braced in province of Cagayán, Luzón. storm and is now covered. It lies between - district in Luzon. Pop., 6,000. Chief town, Laparan and Bambanan I., Laparan grp., Bagubagu. Sulu A. APDAJON (ap-dah'-hone). ver.; hamlet on W. APO, PASO DE (ah'-poh, pah'-soh day), nat.: coast of Antique, Panay, 13 m. S. of Patno- sea passage between coast of Mindoro on ngón. NE. and Calamianes (Busuanga I.) groups on SW.; 38 m. wide between Lumintán APDÓ (ap-doh') nat.; hamlet in Antique, Panay, Pt., Mindoro, NE., and Alon-on Pt. and 6 m. SE. of Antique. Busuanga I., SW. (See also Mindoro Strait.) APGA (ap-gah). ver.: point on N. coast of Cápiz, Island of Apo, besides giving name to pas- Panay, and headland of Tangalan town. sage, also divides it into 2 channels, known APIT (ah-peet!), ver.; islet of Cuatro group, 5 m. as E. and W. passage of Apo. Apo E. passage due W. of Inopacan, off W. coast of Leyte. is 14 m. wide between Apo reef and near- APITÓN (ah-pee-tohn'), ver.; strait at S. termi- est coast of Mindoro. Discovery Banks is its nation of inner route to Iloilo Strait (Panay) only obstruction, being 11 m. long, with 9 from N. North side of Apitón Strait is formed fms. Apo. W. passage, also called Northum- by Bakahan Bluff, rocky headland with islet berland Strait, between Apo Bank and Cala- joined to its S. part. On S. side of bluff is mianes I., is 19 m. between Apo Shoal and Abra de Apitón, creek with 6-ft. entrance Tara, northernmost island of Calamianes, channel. and is deep throughout fairway. - chain of small islands extending from NEAPOLOGON (ah-poh-lon-gohn), nat.; mountain to SW. near E. coast of Capiz, Panay. in Samar, 3 m. NW. of Quinapungán. APO (ah'-poh), nat., most N. of 3 islands, 1 sq.m., 1 APOLOIN (ah-poh-loh'-inn), nat.; river emptying about 1 m. SW. of Bugsuc, Balábac group. on SE. shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast of Zam- (See Gabung I.) bales, Luzón. - active volcano in SE. part of Cotabato, | APOLON (ah-poh'-lohn), nat., river enters sea on Mindanao. Principal volcano existing in S. side of Busuanga I., Calamianes group. Mindanao. It lies 5 m. W. by S. of intersec- APORO (ah-poh'-roh), ver.; islet off S. coast of tion of boundary line between Misamis and Sámar, 10 m. W. of Balangiga. Cotabato and W. boundary of Dávao, Min- danao. Cone rises 213 m. WSW. of Dávao, APOY (ah-poy'), nat. (means fire); mountain in capital of that province, and 15 m. W. of Sámar. shore of bay of Davao, and slopes gradually APU (ah'-poo), nat.; lake in territory of Illanos, from its highest point to shore. On its sum- Mindanao, and empties into Illana bay. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 301 APPROACHES TO APARRI From a survey in June, 1900, by LieutCM.Mc Cormick, U.S N. of tbe U S.S.Bermington is Light flat.18°23'05"IN. horsellong12133'(00*IE SPP Bearinge tro magnetic With additiona By Lieut. RAJackson 0.3.N, or tre ... Nasioille S.S.W 2 10 10 8 137 Az breaks vt moderate sea ...... .Lt.flash.wh. cv.se 37ft..vis.Ilm. PETRA -28 4G HEUE LES Ta.Sta Day. 646 Араті S dwer Nautical miles 302 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. APÚLIT or IGUANO (ah-pool-lit, ee-gwah'-noh) | ÁRBOLES (ahr'-boh-less), Sp.; point on SW. shore nat.; one of northernmost of small chain of of S. Bais I. and N. head of Bais Bay, opposite wooded islands lying across entrance to Tay town of same name, E. coast of Negros Oriental. tay Bay, E. coast of Palawan. A cluster known as Pampanga Rocks, 4in num- ber, lie off end of bank, dry at low water, SW. APUNAN (ah-pool-nahn), nat.; point on SW. of point. coast of Romblon I. ARCÁNGEL (ar-cahn -hell), Sp.; mountain peak, APURAUAN (ah-poo-row'-ahn), ver.; roadstead also called Balison, in Panay, and divides Iloilo S. of Long Point, W. coast of Palawan. to S. and Cápiz to E. Its loftiest peak is known - thriving hamlet on shore of roadstead of as Arcángel. that name, W. coast of Palawan, 29 m. SW. of Puerto Princesa. Inhabitants engage quite ARCHED, for.; islet at entrance to Taghayug Bay, largely in manufacture of colored textiles Palawan. from fiber of plantain for home use, and ex ARDAYAN (ahr-dah-yahn), Tag.; point on S. shore port tortoise shell and beeswax. Country of Tayabas, Luzón. around is cultivated, producing tobacco, cot AREGITA (ah-ray-hee'-tah), Sp.; islet N. of Cobra- ton, rice, maize, and sweet potatoes, also rais- dor, 1 m. of Romblon, Visayas. ing goats, fowls, and vegetables for passing vessels. ARENA (ah-ray'-nah). Sp. (means sand); point on APUY (ah-pooy'), nat.; mountain at headwaters E. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao. of Ubasan Riv., Sámar. - point on SW. shore of Sámal I., on NE. AQUINO (ah-key'-noh), Sp.; hamlet in Cápiz, side of narrow channel between Sámal and Panay, 1. m. SE. of Navas. Talicud I., on W. arm of Dávao Gulf, Min- danao. AQUITABANGAL (ah-key-tah-bahng-ahl'), ver.; - point at E. extreme of Olutanga I., off S. river in Luzón. coast of central peninsula of Zamboanga, ARABAVÓN (ah-rah-bah-vohn'), ver.; hamlet on Mindanao. W. shore of large bay on NE. coast of Polillo I., - point on NE. end of peninsula upon which off Infanta, Luzón. town of Panlatúan is situated and forming W. ARABINAG (ah-rah-bee-nahg'), ver.; river in head to port of that name, SW. coast of Sorso- Leyte. gón, Luzón. ARACELI (ah-rah-thay-lee), Sp.; chief town of - point at extreme SE. end of Tayabas, Luzón. Dumaran I., Palawan, on SE. shore, on bay -- island off E. coast of Palawan. (See Ma- of same name. lanao I.) ARADO (ah-rah'-doh), Sp.; point on E. coast of - island 7 m. SE. and im. E. of Arena Pt., Carogo or Puro I., on Loog Bay, in SE. waters on Bondog Peninsula, southeasternmost of Nin Bay, SW. coast of Masbate, Visayas. land of Tayabas, Luzón. - point on NW. coast of Carogo or Puro I., on | ARENAS (ah-ray'-nahs) (sand), Sp.; second point Loog Bay, in SE. waters of Nin Bay, SW. coast E. from Matoko (Malacot) Pt., Batangas Bay, of Masbate. Luzón. ARAMBÍ (ah-rahm-bee'), nat.; river in Rizal - point on coast of Tayabas, Luzón, on SE. (Mórong), Luzón. part of great cape of Bondoc head. ARANGOSA (ah-rahn-goh'-sah), nat.; island off - point on coast of Zambales, Luzón, in Umanum Pt. N. head of Lianga Bay, 22 m. front of Candelaria. SE. by S. of Tandia I., on E. coast of Min- - point on NW. shore of Bagalao I. and E. danao. head to main entrance to Sorsogon port, Sor- sogón, Luzón. ARANGUÉN (ah-rahn-gayn'), ver.; hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, 1m. S. of Pilar, on bay shore. ARENOSA (ah-ray-noh-sah), Sp.; point marking ARANJUEZ (ah-ra hn-hooayth'). Sp.: inland ham- N. entrance to Batán port, Cápiz, Panay. let in Iloilo, Panay, 9. m. SW. of Carlés. AREVADO (ah-ray-vah'-doh), Sp.; hamlet on SE. ARAPILES (ah-rah-peel-lays), Sp.; coast pueblo shore of Great Tabín Bay, 3. m. S. of San Isi- on Davao Gulf, W. shore, Dávao, Mindanao, dro, NW. coast of Leyte. 87 m. SSW. of Dávao. ARÉVALO (ah-ray'-vah-loh), Sp.; pueblo on Noilo ARASAN (ah-rah-sahn), ver.; hamlet on W. coast Strait, coast of Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. W. of Iloilo. of Antique, Panay, 3 m. N. of Dao. Pop., 3,594. (Also Arébalo.) ARASASUN (ah-rah-sah'-soon), ver.; hamlet on - bay and town NW. coast of Leyte, 14 m. S. W. coast of Antique, Panay, 4 m. S. of Sebaste. by E. of Tabin Pt. in Tabin Grande Bay. ARATÓ (ah-rah-toh'), ver.; mountain in S. part ARGANAN (ahr-gah-nahn), ver.; river in Min- of Iloilo, Panay, 2, m. SE. of Lemery. danao. ARAUAN (ah-rah'-wahn), nat.; point and river ARGAO (ar-gah'-oh), ver.; pueblo and point on emptying on SE. shore of Panguil Bay, SW. SE. coast of Cebú, 34 m. sw. of Cebů. Point end of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao, 9 is 8 m. S. of Sibonga. Vessels land here dur- m. SW. by W. of Misamis. ing both monsoons. Town has church of ARAYAN (ah-rah'-yahn), Tag.; hamlet on main some pretensions. Pop., 34,000. road from San Isidro, from which it is 7 m. - river rising in Ungás Mt., flowing N. and NW. to Chico de la Pampanga Riv., crossing E., enters sea through Ormad, 2 m. NW. of into Tárlac; is also in E. border of region Argao, SE. coast of Cebú. of small lakes on W. border of Nueva Ecija, Luzón. ARGÜELLES (ar-gway'-lyays), Sp.; pueblo in ex- ARAYAT (ah-rah'-yaht), nat.; (extinct volcano in treme NE. part of Negros Occidental, 37} m. middle of isolated plain in Pampanga, Luzón, NE. of Bacôlod. Pop., 2,390. 12 m. NE. of Bacolor, in forks of Grande and ARIMIL (ah-ree-mill'), nat.; river of Ilocos Norte, the Chico de la Pampanga Rivs., at their Luzón; rises in Adams Mt. and empties into junction, lat. 15° 13' 28" N.; solitary peak river Bocarut. rising in form of majestic cone to height of ARÍNGAY (ah-reeng'-i), nat.; riverof Luzon which 3,564 ft. Because of its situation, its form, rises in mountains of Benguet, and after and character of rocks which constitute it, SW. and W. course of 50 m. enters China Sea it is clearly of volcanic origin. in Unión, Luzón. - pueblo on bank of Grande de la Pampanga - pueblo and telegraph station on N. side of Riv., 12) m. NE. of Bacolor. Pop., 14,014. mouth of river of that name, at crossing of ARBOLEDÁN (ahr-boh-lay-dahn'), Sp.; point at coast highway, in Unión, Luzon, 14 m. S. W. head to Currimao port, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. of San Fernando. Pop., 3,044. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 303 ARIPAHAN (ah-ree-pahl.hahn), ver.; settlement | ASLUM: mountain with high and remarkable 10 m. NE. of Long Pt., W. coast of Palawan. peak NE. by E. 4, m. from Ormoc, Leyte. Inhabitants cultivate sides of spur approach- Crater of Cabacaun rises 2 m. NW. of Aslum. ing coast from higher ranges inland. Both abound in sulphur and copperas. ARIPINO (ah-ree-pee'-noh), nat.; hamlet near - lake in island of Leyte. 1. bank of the Chico de Cagayán, in Cagayán, ASLUMÁN (ahs-loo-mahn'), ver.; hamlet and river Luzón. on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 4. m. S. of ARITAO (ah-ree-tow'), ver.; town on W. side of Antique. Margat, 4 m. SW. of crossing of that stream - river entering Daram channel on NE. by main highway on Anir or Minoli Riv., shore of Biliran I., off w. coast of Sámar. in Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. Pop., 700. - point on extreme W. of Gigante I. (South), ARNAY (ar-ni'); river entering Mindoro Strait, Gigantes Is., off NE. point of Panay. W. coast of Mindoro. ÁSPERA (ahs'-pay-rah), Sp.; point on W. coast of - river rising on W. divide, S. of Halcón Mt., Palawan, 5 m. NE. by N. of Shirt Pt. and flowing sw. empties into sea on W. ASSISIG (ah-see-seeg'), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, coast of Mindoro, 53 m. N. of Sablayan. Panay, 2 m. SE. by E. of Passi. ARNISTON; known by names of Enmedio and Mediodia among islands of Batanes grp. ASTORGA (ahs-tohr'-gah), Sp.; pueblo on W. shore AROGANGA (ah-roh-gahng'-ah), ver.; N. tribu- of Davao Gulf, Davao, Mindanao, 12 m, SSW. tary of Ulut Riv., Sámar. of Davao. Pop., 1887, 173. ARONDOC (ah-rohn-doke'), ver.; hamlet of Ne- - hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, near r. bank of gros Occidental, on r. bank of Binalbagan Badbaran Riv.,6 m. . of and above Dumarao. Riv., 5 m. above its mouth. ASTURIAS (ahs-too'-reeahs), Sp.; pueblo on E. shore of Tañón Strait, W.coast of Cebu, 25 m. AROROY (ah-roh-roy'), ver.; hamlet on E. shore NW. of Cebú. Pop., 6,000. of Barrera port, on Masbate I., 18 m. N.W. of Masbate. ASUANG (ah-swahng'), nat.; point in Ambos Camarines, Luzón, on SE. coast, E. head to ARRECIFE (ah-rray-thee'-fay), Sp.; island front Guijalo Bay. ing bay of islands, E. coast of Palawan. ASUBIG (ah-soo-beeg'), nat; hamlet in Cebu. ARRECIFES (ah-rray-theel-fays), Sp.; point on Gold, silver, and lead found in vicinity. coast of Zambales, Luzon, on N. boundary ASUERO (ah-sway'-roh), Sp.; point forming head district of Bolinao. to Rubido Bay on E. and Concepción port on ASAÁN (ah-sah-ahn'), nat.; point in Zambales, W. and the extreme SE. of the small penin- Luzón, on NE. shore of Súbic Bay. sula upon which Concepción, Maestre de Campo I., off E. coast of Mindoro, is situated. ASANASID (ah-sah-nah-seed'), ver.; in mountains ASUG (ah-soog'), ver.; point in island of Daram, of central range in Negros Oriental, 12 m. S. of Ayunīgón. off Sámar. ASGAD (ahs-gahd'), ver.; point and hamlet on E. ATAÁ (ah-tah-ah'), nat.; islet off NW. coast Marin- shore of extreme SE. of Sámar, 7 m. NW. of duque I., Bancalan port. Salcedo. ATALAYAN (ah-tah-lah'-yahn), ver.; island E. of - mountain in Samar, at head waters of Albay, Luzon. Suribao Riv., 19 m. W. of Lanang. ATANASIO (ah-tah-nah'-syoh), Sp.; district 12 m. SW. of Ayungon, Negros Oriental. ASIA (ah-seeah), Sp.; hamlet on sw. coast of Negros Occidental, 26 m. SE. of Inayaun. ATECA (ah-tay-cah), Tag.; point on E. shore of Talim I., in Rizal (Mórong), Luzón. ASIATIC ARCHIPELAGO; one of 3 grand divi-ATILOITONG (ah-tee-loy-tohng'), ver., town in sions of geographical importance in Far East, Cagayán, Luzón. comprising islands of Philippines, Moluccas, Célebes, Borneo, and Sunda, which in former ATIMONAN (ah-tee-moh'-nahn), Tag.; pueblo of times formed part of Asia. 10,000 inhabitants and telegraph station in Tayabas, Luzón, on United States military ASID (ah-seed'), ver.; small river rising in Baga- line between Manila and Visayan I. system. sinbahan Mt., emptying into gulf of that Town lies on point of same name on S. shore name, s. shore of Masbate I. of Lamón Bay, 5 m. E. of prominent hill - gulf on S. shore of Masbate I., opening 37 1,486 ft. high, and on Pacific shore of narrow m. between Barry Pt. on E. and Pulanauta neck of land 5 m. across to Mindoro Sea on S., Pt. on W. and 20 m. deep to Bató Pt. on which connects main body of Luzon with SE. N. On its NE. shore is important town of peninsula, and 19 m. E. of Tayabas. Alabat Milagro. Coast is mountainous and its waters Í. lies N. in great bay of Lamón, Town is on are dotted with numerous islets. main highway from Tayabas to Guinayangan, on extreme E. coast of province, on Ragay ASÍN (ah-seen') (means salt), nat.; mountain in Gulf, and has a p. 0. Quiangán, Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. - small bay on SW. shore of bight on N. coast -- mineral spring in Benguet, Luzón. of Cápiz, Panay, 7 m. NW. of Pilar. ASINGAN (ah-sing'-ahn), ver.; pueblo in Pan- - point on NE. shore of Tayabas, Luzón, on gasinan, Luzon, at junction of San Quintín W. side of Lamón Bay, great estuary of Pacific and Villasis roads, 29 m. E. of Lingayen. Ocean, on N. of that province, at narrowest Pop. 3,522. point 7 m. between waters of Pacific on N. and sea of Mindoro on S. ASINIBÁN (ah-see-nee-bahn'), ver.; mountain ATOA (ah-toh'-ah), ver., mountain in Benguet, hamlet in Cotabato, Mindanao, 22 m. E. by Luzón. N. of Cotabato. ATOC (ah-tohk'). ver.; pueblo in Benguet, Luzón, ASLÁN (ahs-lahn'), nat.; small river emptying on 8 m. NE. of Trinidad. Pop., 1,317. W. shore of Parasan I., off W. shore of Sámar. ATONATON (ah-toh-nah'-tohn), nat.; river enter- ASLOM (ahs-lohm'), ver.; islet on SE. coast of Min- ing on the S.shore of Malamaui roadstead, N. doro, near Buruncan Pt.; passage between it coast of Basilan, S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. and coast is clear and deep. There is little AUBAREDE (ow-bah-ray'-day), Sp.; point at E. anchorage for coasters between this islet and head of entrance to Bicobian port, on E. coast mainland of Mindoro. of Isabela, Luzón. ASLUM (ahs-loom'), ver.; hamlet in Leyte, 4 m. | AUÑGARON (ahoong-ah'-rohn), ver.; hamlet on NE. of Ormoc. W. shore of Sámar, 3 m. S. of Mercedes, 304 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. AVQUI (ah-oo-key), ver.; SE. island of General AYUNAN (ah-you'-nun), nat.; village on the r. group, 6 m. E. of Capunupugan Pt., NE. coast bank of the S. branch of the Grand River of of Mindanao. Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao, at the junc- AURORA (Ow-roh'-rah), Sp.; hamlet in Misamis, tion of the Talayan, opposite Taviran. Mindanao, 8j m. inland E. of Balingasag. AYUNGON (ah-yoong-ohn'), ver.; river in S. part of Negros, rising in mountains which form AUSÁN (ow-sahn'), ver.; point on extreme N. center of island, and flowing from W. to E. shore of Ragay Gulf, in Ambos Camarines, empties into sea N. of village of same name. Luzón. - pueblo of Negros Oriental, on Tañón Strait, AUSONA (OW-soh'-nah), Sp.; town on r. bank 59 m. SW. of Bacolod and 15 m. W. of Matu- of tortuous river having its source in moun- tinao, Cebú, across sea channel. Pop., 1, 107. tain summits near boundary of Surigao with Misamis, Mindanao, 44 m. S. by W. of AYUQUITAN (ah-yoo-key-tahn), ver.; pueblo of Butúan. Negros Oriental, on W. side of entrance chan- AUSTIN (Ow-steen'), Sp.; island off NE. coast of nel to Tañón Strait, 5 m. across channel W. of Santander, on s. point of Cebú, and 7 m. Palawan. (See Iloc I.) N. of Dumaguete. Pop., 3,171. AVANCES (ah-vahn-thays), Sp.; town on NW. coast of Davao Gulf, 41 m. sw. of mouth of - town of Romblon I. Tagum Riv., 15. m. NE. by N. of Davao, AZAGRA (ah-thah'-grah), Sp.; pueblo of Romblon Mindanao. I. Pop., 3,980. AYA (ah'-yah), Sp.; tributary of Calumpán Riv., AZPEITIA (ath-pay'-teeah), Sp.; town in forks Batangas, Luzon. of headwaters of Gibong Riv., Surigao, Min- AYALA(ah-yah-lah), Sp.; pueblo at mouth of river danao. Town lies across summit of E. range on s. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 3 m. of mountains but 14m. from head of Lianga WNW. of Zamboanga. Pop., 1,900. Bay, on E. coast. AYAT (ah-yaht'), nat.; shallow bay on SE. shore AZƯAL (ah-th wahl'), Sp.; hamlet in Benguet, of Nin Bay, Sw.coast of Masbate I., Visayas. Luzón, 10 m. NE. of Trinidad. Pop., 615. AZÚCAR, PAN DE (ah-thool-car, pahn day), Sp. AYNINAN (i-nee'-nahn), ver.; small island lying (means sugar loaf); island N. of Lahuy I., off within Umanum Pt., in N. waters of Lianga N. coast of Ambos Camarines, Luzon. It Bay, E. coast of Mindanao. makes good mark for entrance to Port Sisiran AYONI (ah-yoh'-nee), Tag.; bay on SW. coast of from E. Tayabas, Luzón. - islet NE. of Masbate. (See Amuraon.) AYUMAN (ah-yoo'-mahn), ver.; river in Panay. | AZUFRE (ah-thoo'-fray), Sp. (means sulphur); (See Salog Riv.) point in Batangas, Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 305 B. BA (bah), ver.; hamlet on 1. bank of river empty- | BABATUNGON-Continued. ing into one which flows from Lake Liguasan leading to San Juanico Strait, 15 m. NE. of to NW. and discharges into bay of Bongo, lat. Tacloban. Pop., 2,213. 7° 1' 40" N., off Polloc, Cotabato, Mindanao. BABAYTOIN (bah-by'-toin), nat.; summit 819 ft. BAAC (bah-ac'), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, on on SE. shore of Súbic bay, SE. coast of Zam- r. bank of Abra Riv., 3 m. W. of Bengued. bales, Luzón. BAAGÓN (bah-ah-gone'), ver.; mountain in Sá- BABDALAO (bab-dah-lah'-00); creek in island of mar. Bohol, Visayas. BABOCOBÓN (bah-beau-coh-bone'), ver.; moun- BAÁN (bah-ahn'), ver.; hamlet in Lepanto, Luzón, tain in Basilan I. off S. coast of peninsula of over divide of upper Abra Riv., at head of Zamboanga, Mindanao. fountain branch of stream emptying directly into China Sea 20 m. NW. of Cayán. BABOYAON (bah-beau-yah-awn'), ver.; mountain in NE. Sámar, Visayas. BAAO (bah-ah'-00), ver.; pueblo on main road in Ambos Camarines, Luzón, 17 m. SE. of Nueva BABUG (bah-boog'), ver.; point on E. coast of Cáceres. Pop., 6,759. Tayabas, Luzon, and W. coast of the gulf of Ragay. - lake and marsh in same province and N. BABUGON (bah-boo-gone'), ver.; island off the of town of same name. W. coast of Leyte, Visayas, 2 m. S. of Palom- - peak in Caraballos, Ambos Camarines pón. (Sur), Luzón. BABULGÁN (bah-bool-gahn), ver.; creek and BAKOL (bah-ah-all), ver.; islet in channel open- point in S. Sorsogón, Luzón. ing E. from Surigao Strait between Dinagat I. and Mindanao. BABUNGANGA (bah-boong-ang'-ah), nat.; moun- BAÁS (bah-as'), ver.; hamlet on E. shore of Basi- tain in N. Leyte, Visayas. lan I., Mindanao. BABUYÁN (bah-boo-yahn'), nat.; hamlet on coast of Palawan, 21 m. NE. by N. of Puerto Prin- BAASAN (bah-ah-sahn), ver.; islet 5. m. N. of cesa. Talibón, N. coast of Bohol, Visayas. extinct volcano on W. end of island of that BAAUE (bah-ah-way), ver.; village of coman- name in Babuyanes grp., N. of Cagayan, dancia of Quiangán, Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. Luzón. BAAY (bah-i'), ver.; river in Abra, Luzón; rises BABUYÁN CLARO (bah-boo-yahn' clah'-roh), in foothills of Gran Cordillera Central, flows Hisp.; N. and highest of Babuyanes Is., 30. m. W. and enters Abra Riv. ENE. from Cagayán, Luzón; 8; m. N. by E. - hamlet on r. bank of river of same name and S. by W. and 7 m. E. and W.; area of 38 in Abra, Luzón, 14 m. E. of Bengued. sq. m. On its W. end is volcano between which and mountains on E. part is concave BABAC (bah-back'), nat.; summit 624 ft. On NE. curve in form of crescent when viewed from shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, N. and S., but when island is seen from great Luzón. distance from E. it appears as one round BABAGON (bah-bah'-gone), ver.; extreme W. mountain with detached hummock to N. S. point of Rapurapu I., off E. shore of Albay, point is steep and rocky. About 1 m. off is Luzón. black, rocky islet in form of sugar loaf. This BABAHÁN (bah-bah-hahn'), ver.; mountain in W. island is one of chain of igneous elevations which rises from submarine depths like step- Leyte, Visayas, 9 m. SE, of Villaba. ping stones between Japan in NE. and Luzon BABÁLOD (bah-bah'-lod), ver.; island in bay of on S., culminating in center of island in lofty Igam, W. coast of Guimarás I., SE. Panay. volcanic cone 3,200 ft. high and visible from BABANTOJON (bah-bahn-toh'-hon), ver.; hamlet all directions of approach. This island, which has given name to group, received its of Moros in Misamis, Mindanao. own name on account of presence of great BABATGÚN (bah-bat-goon'), ver.; semi-circular numbers of Babuyan hog, said to be very bay forming an anchorage between point of large and fine breed, generally supposed in- that name to W. and Colasi Pt. to E. on s. troduced by Spaniards. Village of same coast of Albay, Luzón. Sheltered creek on name on coast has population estimated at W. side of bay is 27 ft., 12 ft. from shore. 300, people being largely occupied in fishing, - rocky point on S. shore of Albay, Luzón, E. while those in regions around about engage of Bunut Pt. in agricultural pursuits to limited extent. BABATUNGON(bah-bah-toong'-awn),ver.; pueblo BABUYANES (bah-boo-yah-nays), Hisp.; group of NE. shore of Leyte, Visayas, on sea channel islands in N. part of Philippine A. BABUYANES GROUP OR ILARO, PROVINCE OF CAGAYÁN, LUZÓN. (Bah-boo-yah'-nays, Hisp.) Chief town: Musa, Fuga I., lat. 18° 52' N., lon. 121° 19' E. Area: 179 sq. m. Population: 1,284. Race: Batán Indians. Language: Batán. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. S. Doc. 280— 20 306 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Table of distances. From Musa (Fuga I.) to- Aparri (N. coast of Luzon) ... ** ****** Cape Bojeador (NW. point of Luzon) ... Manila (direct line) ... Port Pío V. (Camiguin I., Babuyanes group Santo Domingo (Batán I.) .... .. ... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The S. of the 2 groups between Formosa and the N. coast of Luzon is the Babu- yanes, being separated from the N. group by the Balingtán channel, the nearest clus- ter of islands of the latter name, being 45 m. to the SE. and about midway across that channel to the most N. of the Babuyanes, or Five Is., 47 m. to the S. These islands form a circular chain fronting the N. coast of Luzon, the channels between them being reputed safe and deep. The group lies between lat. 18° 50' N. and 20° 01' N., lon. 121° 08' and 122° 09' E., and is sometimes known to navigators as the “Five Islands," the number of the larger members. Babuyán, the largest, and from which the name of the group is taken, is so designated on account of the large number of hogs (bábuy), a peculiar breed found there. The small islands far- thest from Luzón are the Balingtán, which give name to the channel between this and the Batán Is. group. AREA Batán 18. are the way, a pecoup is targer memtimes The group lies within a sea area of 82 m. N. and S. and 70 m. E. and W., the islands aggregating 179 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The physical characteristics of the Babuyanes group indicate not only volcanic origin, but activity of a comparatively recent date. At the entrance to the port of San Pio Quinto on the W. shore of Camiguín I. is an immense boiling spring of salt water showing marked evidence of subterranean force. Among the Didicas rocks is an active volcano 700 ft. high, active 1856-1860 and since. On the island of Babuyán Claro rises a volcanic cone 3,200 ft. high, which erupted in 1831 and 1860. On Camiguin are 2 volcanic summits, respectively 2,790 and 2,450 ft. high. Calayán, Dalupiri, and Fuga islands are marked with crests showing volcanic energy. In the midst of these elevations are valleys of great fertility, with sloping plains, covered with luxuriant vegetation or small cocoanut and other plantations down to tide water. The climate of all the islands of the group is salubrious, the mean temperature rang- ing in the vicinity of 78º. Owing to the height of the mountains, there is a generous precipitation of moisture, the rainfall reaching a total of about 70 in. in about one- third of the year. BAYS AND HARBORS. The islands of this group offer few advantages for vessels engaged in trade. The only safe anchorages are Fuga, between the W. extremity of the island of that name and the 2 small adjacent islands Bari and Mabac, and Musa 01. the S. shore of Fuga I. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The means of communication is entirely by native vessels, and is both difficult and dangerous, owing to the storms which blow across the islands. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The estimated population is 1,284, not including the Batanes Indians in Camiguín. The natives have a language of their own, called Batán, which somewhat resembles another dialect known as Ibanag. The few inhabitants have been permitted to enjoy their own manners and customs without molestation from outside influences. Since the beginning of the United States jurisdiction over the Philippine Archipelago, there has been more intercourse than existed during nearly 4 centuries of Spanish dominion. The earlier history of these islands is unknown. The language of the natives of the Babuyanes group is distinct from that of the tribes of Formosa or of the mainland of Luzon, and receives the name Batán. All the larger islands are inhabited by fishing settlements during the seasons of that industry. The following are the names of the principal towns: GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 307 Babuyanes; on the island of that name. Pop., 300. Calayán; on the island of that name, with a fair anchorage setting up on the S. coast. Pop., 584, Batán Indians. Camiguín; on the island of that name. Inhabited by Indians. Population not known. There are several hamlets on the island. Musa; near the S. shore of the island of the same name and the principal town of the group. Pop., 200. San Pio Quinto; on the W. shore of Camiguín I. Pop., 200. ISLANDS. Babuyán Claro; in the NE. 25 m. from Calayán I.; 57 m. NE. of Musa. A volcano at the W. extremity of the island is 3,800 ft. high. Area, 38 sq. m. Balingtán; 2 islands in the channel of that name near the intersection of lat. 20° N. and lon. 122° E. These islands are well known to navigators and are the land- marks of steamers passing between Asia and Japan and America by that route. They are inhabited, and lie 32 m. N. by E. of Babuyán Claro, the nearest island of the group. Area, i sq. m. Bari; off the W. end of Fuga I., and with it furnishes the only anchorage in the group. Area, 1 sq. m. Bijután (Irao or Culebra); 7) m. NW. of Fuga I. Area, 1 sq. m. Calayán; 15 m. N. by E. of Dalupiri; is volcanic, with 4 peaks of moderate eleva- tion; is 10 m. E. and W., with an open bay on the S. coast; population is wholly Batanese Indians. Area, 30 sq. m. Camiguín; 32 m. S. of Babuyán Claro and 39 m. NE of Luzón; is 14 m. from NE. to SW. and 9 m. from NW. to SE.; is very mountainous, the volcano of Camiguín, on the N. coast, which is celebrated and gives its name to the island, having a height of 2,790 ft.; another peak in the S. has an elevation of 2,450 ft. There are 3 other peaks of less elevation. Area, 65 sq. m. Dalupiri; the most W. of this group; 28 m. N. of Cabicungan Pt., the most N. limit of the mainland of Luzon. Formation is volcanic, consisting of several high peaks. Area, 20 sq. m. Didicas; a cluster of 4 high rocks, surrounded by smaller rocks 16 m. NE. of Camiguín, an island 200 ft. high and about 1 m. in circumference, forms the cen- ter of this little group. Area, 2 sq. m. Fuga; S. by E. 9 m. from Dalupiri and 17 m. N. by E. of Cabicungan Pt. N. coast of Luzon. It is a narrow strip 13 m. long and 2 m. wide. On the W. side the port of Musa affords the best anchorage in the group. Area, 21 sq. m. Font; in the opening of the port of San Pío Quinto off the W. shore of Camiguín I. It is inhabited by fishermen during part of the year. Area, 1 sq. m. Guinapac; 2 rocks 8 m. E. of Camiguín I. and 32 m. N. N. by W. of Escarpada, the extreme NE. point of Luzon. It was on a shoal between these and Didicas rocks, 8 m. NE., that the U.S. S. Charleston was wrecked November 2, 1899. The rocks have the appearance of 2 towers and are surrounded by several islets. Area, 1 sq. m. Mabac; off the NW. point of Fuga I. Panuitan; off the NE. shore of Calayán I. Sugar loaf, or Pan de Azúcar; a rock off the S. shore of Babuyán Claro. Wyllie; a cluster of 5 rocks in the NW.approach to the channel between Calayan and Babuyán Claro, 14 m. from either island. Area sq. m.; total area of 24 islands, 179 sq. m. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The products consist of tobacco, rice, grain, sweet potatoes, onion, and other prod- ucts of subtropical latitude. There is considerable growth of sugar cane for home use, and much of it is distilled into a native drink which is very intoxicating. The products of the S. latitudes of the United States can also be grown. products bruch of it is distilled here is' considerat MINERALS. Although the larger islands are of volcanic origin, no traces of minerals have been reported. The interior of the islands, however, is but little known. FORESTS. Owing to the exposure of the island to the fierce winds of the ocean, there is but little timber. 308 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. FRUITS. The fruits consist specially of fine varieties of wild grapes and pineapples. INDUSTRIES. The chief occupation of the inhabitants is raising cattle, hogs, horses, and goats, which, with lard, are important articles of export. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. After the transfer from Spain to the United States, the Government sent an expedition to take formal possession of the different islands. In the month of May, 1899, the U.S.S. Concord, during a cruise on the northern coast of Luzón, sailed from A parri, touching at Port San Pío Quinto and Musa Bay in the Babuyanes group, returning to Manila. The experience of the wrecked crew of the U. S. S. Charleston during their camp at San Pío Quinto on the island of Camiguín, Babuyanes group, demonstrated the friendly spirit of the natives, in return for which tools and unneeded articles were turned over to them. The ports were subsequently visited for observa- tion, possession, survey, and investigation of the condition of the inhabitants. No military forces have garrisoned these islands. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. These islands under the provincial government act” of August 22, 1901, were included in the province of Cagayán, Luzón, and attached to the municipality of Aparri, Cagayán, Luzón. BACÁBAC (bah-cah-bac),ver.; island E. of Negros, BACAT; important river flowing along SW. base of Visayas. Kabalocan hills, enters Upper Grand Riv. of BACACAY (bah-cah-ki'), ver.; pueblo on S. shore Mindanao, at town of same name. of Tabaco Bay, in Albay, Luzon, 100 m. N. BACATAY (bah-cah-tie), ver.; point and port on by E. of Albay and 54 m. SE. by S. of Tabaco. SW. coast of Negros Occidental, lat. 9° 32'. Is an important hemp-growing district. Pop., BACATOR (bah-cah-tohr'), nat.; point and creek 11,379 on N. shore of Panguil Bay, Misamis, Min- - island N. of Ambos Camarines (Sur). danao. BACAL (bah'-cal) (means iron), nat.; islet in BACAUAN (bah-cah'-wahn), nat.; hamlet on SE. W. entrance to San Juanico Strait, Leyte. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. SW. of Miagao. Visayas. BACAY (bah-ki'). ver.; hamlet on SE. coast of - point in Ambos Camarines (Norte). Iloilo, Panay, 14 m. ESE. of Dumangas. BACALAN (bah-cah'-lahn), nat.; a hamlet and - (Bagacay); small island N. of Quinalásag. river of some size on W. coast of Panay, enter E. of N. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), ing sea 1 m. S. of hamlet and 3 m. S. of Sebaste. Luzón. - islet in opening of Panalarum Bay inside | BACAYACAN (bah-ki-ah'-cahn), ver.; bay 31 m. entrance of San Juanico Strait into San Pedro SE. of Lanang, on E. coast of Sámar. and San Pablo Bay, 1 m. NW. of Tacloban, BACA YAUAN (bah-cah-yah'-wahn); mountain on Leyte. W. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao, - islet in San Pedro Bay outlet in San Juanico landmark for Sambulauan Port. Strait, between Samar and Leyte. BACBAC (back-back'), nat.; mineral spring in town of Villaviciosa, Albay, Luzón, - mountain on W. boundary toward Cápiz, in Antique, Panay, 10 m. E. of Salde. riv. entering Dipulao port, S. coast of Bu- suanga I., Calamianes grp. BACÁN (bah-cahn') ver.; hamlet on 1. bank of Binalbagan, 3 m. NE. of town and 31 m. from BAC-HAO BANGAHÓN (bac-how' bang-ah-ohn'), river's mouth, W. coast Negros Occidental, ver.; important river rising in Capotoan and Visayas. Canyaba Mts., in Central Sámar. After re- ceiving many tributaries from neighboring -island off N. coast of Sámar, Visayas, with elevations and passing numerous hamlets an anchorage, 2 m. NNE. of Palapa. having large populations, enters broad sea BACAO (bah-cow') nat.; hamlet on N. coast of channel passing SW. coast of Sámar. Off Cápiz, Panay, 27 m. NE, of Calivo. its mouth 7 m. lie islands Tangás, Libucan, BACARAN (bah-cah'-rahn),ver.; hamlet on r. bank Liblean Dạcó and Curo Casayan. (See Gánh of river Mipanguil, 21 m. above its entrance dara Riv.) into Panguil Bay on its S. shore, Misamis, BACHI(BASCHI) (bah'-chee),ver.; groupof islands N. coast of Mindanao. of small dimensions in N. waters of Batanes BACARAY (bah-cah-ri'). ver.; range of second grp. toward Bachi channel. Principal island ary mountains at Ambos Camarines, Luzón. of Bachi cluster commences nearest to Ibayat BACARI (bah-cah'-ree). islet off N. coast of of main group on S., and are Siayan, Mabu- Sámar, 2 m. NE. of Palápag. dis, Tanem, Misanga, and Y'Ami. All these islands, except last, are within sight of BACARRA (bah-cah'-rrah), Sp.; pueblo W. coast Batanes. Most important of group is Y'Ami, highway inland, on r. bank of Grande de inhabited by pagan tribe known as Bachi, Bacarra Riv., Ilocos Norte, Luzón, 4 m. N. of and also called Batanes. It is not known Laoag. Pop., 13,735. whether language of Bachi is derived from BACAT (bah-cut'), ver.: town, port, and anchor that of inhabitants of Batán or whether it is age at junction of 2 outlet branches of Ligua- special language derived from sa vage races san lagoon into Grand Riv. of Mindanao, 22 m. of Formosa on N. It is known that Batanes SE. of Cotabato, Mindanao, The Mindanao and Bachi do not understand each other, carries from 8 to 24 ft. depth at this point. although they have some words in common, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 309 BACHI-Continued. | BACÓ CHICO (bah-coh chee-coh), Hisp.; island which leads to conclusion that language of in channel between S. coast of Batangas, Lu- inhabitants is of Mongoloid origin or cor zón, and Mindoro I., near Calapán. ruption. (See Y'Ami.) BACOD (bah-cod'), ver.; hamlet near Catúbig, - name sometimes applied to Ibugos I. of Sámar. Batanes grp. It is, however, not one of islands BÁCOL (bah'-col) (means basket), nat.; island N. distinctively clustered as Bachi Is. (q. v.) of Leyte, Visayas. - channel designated as N. line of boundary BACOLOD (bah-coh-lod), ver.; pueblo and capital of United States in P. A., under treaty of of Negros Occidental, post-office and money peace with Spain December 10, 1898, as fol- -order station, on E. shore of Guimarás Strait, lows: "A line running from W. to E. along 14 m. E. across strait from nearest land of Gui- or near twentieth parallel of N. latitude and marás I., at hamlet of Mantangigui, 23 m, in through middle of navigable channel of due E. line across Guimarás I. from Iloilo, Bachi from 118° to 127° of lon. E. of Green- emporium of Panay, and 26 m. by water wich. This line follows approximately lat. route. Pop., 6,268. 21° 25' N., and its length is 90 equal to 625 BACOLOR (bah-coh-lor'), yer.; pueblo and capital st. m. Channel is frequented by sailing ves- sels making E. passage to China, and is 92 m. of Pampanga, Luzon, short distance inland wide, between Batanes I., United States, and from extreme NW. border of Pampanga delta, Island of Formosa, dependency of Japan. Its 33 m. in straight line from Manila, with which navigable breadth, however, is greatly con- it is connected by fine road. It also enjoys tracted by dangerous Gadd rock or Cumbrian water communication with colonial capital by reef in fairway of channel with Little Botel, numerous outlets of delta and Manila Bay. Tobago I., bearing from it N. I W. 16. m. Near Manila and Dagupan Railroad. Also Rock is about 37 m. N. of American boundary connected by telegraph with capital and in lon. 121° 35' E. approximately. Channel other parts of island. Pop., 17,100. is regular ocean highway of steamers plying - hamlet on W. Shore of Lanao Lake, Misa- between Hongkong and Honolulu, 4,917 naut. mis, Mindanao. m. by great circle route, or 4,961 naut. m. by - river and estuary on NE. shore of Manila direct course. Steamers also use this channel Bay. Town of same name is on its bank. It from Hongkong to United States, Island of receives waters of mountains in NW. Guam, and from Hongkong to Tutuila, United BACÓN or POCDOL (bah-cohn', pock-dole'), nat States, or in Samoan grp. volcanic peak, rising 4,667 ft. above sea level, BACILOT (bah-see-lot'), ver.; town of Negros Oc- in Albay, Luzón, near E. coast between Ma- cidental, Visayas. yon and Bulusan volcanoes. At times smoke BACIO (bah'-seeoh), ver.; hamlet between Bugod rises in considerable quantities from Bacón. and Panalipan Pts., E. coast of Cebu, Visayas. - hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, on 1. bank of BACIT (bah-seet'), nat.; island between Usón I. Jalaur Riv., 2 m. NW. by N. of Dumangas. and S. shore of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., opposite Pinamuyucan Pt. - pueblo at E. ft. of Poedol Mt., on SW. shore of waters of gulf of Albay, in Sorsogon, Lu- BACJAO (bac-how'), ver.; point on N. shore of zón, 22 m. SE, of Albay. Pop., 13,013. Leyte, on sea channel toward Biliran I., 43 m. E. of N. of Leyte. - island in channel between Batangas, Luzón, BACLAYAN (bah-clah'-yahn), ver.; hamlet on E. and Mindoro I. shore of Daram I., Sámar, opposite S. coast of - village on S. coast of Batangas, Luzon. Buad I., 14 m. distant across sea channel. - hamlet E. of Los Baños Laguna, Luzón I., BACLAYÓN (bah-clah-yone'), ver.; pueblo ex between it and Maquíling Mt. exist number treme SW. coast of Bohol, 7 m. E. of Tagbi of thermal springs, some very hot, others laran. Pop., 8,048. (Also Badayón.) lukewarm, others of temperature of atmos- BACLO (bac-loh'), ver.; small stream emptying phere, and some very cold. Mentioned as into Bay of Pandarochan, S. coast of Mindoro. early as 1739. BACLUC (bac-look'), ver.; point in Mindanao. - river in Antique, Panay, rising in higher altitudes of W. range on W. spurs of Madia-ás BACÓ (bah-coh'), ver.; important river with Mt., which here reaches 7,152 ft. in height; wide mouth. Its main branch rising on S. side flows into sea 1m. S. of Colasi. of Mt. Halcón, flowing N. and emptying into sea channel 4; m. W.of Calapán, navi- - pueblo of Negros Oriental, on SE. shore of gable for boats. Town of Bacó lies about Negros, 54 m. N. of Dumaguete and 12 m. W. 1 m. E. of mouth. In part of its course river across sea channel from Basigajón, the west- suddenly appears to flow out of sand, in ernmost point of Siquijor I. Pop., 8,376 (some- which its upper waters are buried. From times Bacong). here it is navigable to Bacó by bancas, - river in Negros Oriental, emptying into current being very swift. From Bay of Su- sea 2, m. SW. of Bacon. bán coast curves gently round to E., and - point at town of same name in Negros at distance of 3 m. delta commences, formed by washings of river Bacó and others, pro- Oriental, Visayas. ducing 4 m, of confused coast line cut into BACOÓ (bah-coh-oh') ver.; town of province and bars and passages charted “Boca Barra," off island of Mindoro, near Calapán, on bank of mouth of river which obstructs entrance as small river flowing from SÊ: to NW., and far as Balete, W. point of Calapan Bay. This emptying into sea; climate is healthy. river region abounds in wild buffaloes and - mountain in same locality. hogs. Among Maguianes of this valley men wear clouts with fiat belts and with box at- BACOOD (bah-coh-ode'), tag.; in E. extreme part tached. Women, in addition to their coil of Sampaloc district, municipality of Manila, skirts, wear peculiar collar. in bend of San Juan Riv., near its intersection - town on N. coast of Mindoro, on N. bank of with Pásig in SW. mouth of Malaloy Riv., 3 m. W. of Calapán. BACOOR (bah-coh-or'), Tag.; bay on S. side of Bacó Riv. empties about 1 m. W. Pop.. 400. Cavite Bay, Cavite, Luzon. Is of some size, BACOBACÓ (bah-coh-bah-coh'), nat.; village on and affords shelter from storms blowing up SW. coast of Sámar, Im. NE. of Catinic Pt. from sea. BACOC (bah-cock'), ver.; hamlet on upper waters -- river in Cavite, emptying into Manila Bay, of Matana Riv., in Abra, Luzón, 12 m. NE. of near town of same name. Bengued. - pueblo on 8. shore of Cavite Bay in BACOCONIT (baḥ-coh-coh-nit), ver.; fountain Cavite, Luzón, almost opposite Cavite and 9 tributary of Ilog, rising in mountain sum * m. S. of Manila. Pop., 13,113. Fine military mits of Negros Oriental, Visayas. road extends from this point along coast to 310 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BACOOR--Continued.. BACUN (bah'-coon), ver.; pueblo and creek of the Manila, passing through towns of Las Piñas, former Comandancia of Amburayan, Ilocos Parañaque, Malibay, Pineda, Malate, and Sur, Luzón. Pop., 924. Ermita. Near Las Piñas a cross-road from BACUNGAN (bah-coong-ahn), ver.; hamlet on Ta- Muntinlupa connects the main coast high- gum Riy., Mindanao. (See Bicungan.) way along the W. and S. shores of Laguna de BACUYANGAN (bah-coo-vahng'-ahn), ver.; point Bay from the Pasig to Santa Cruz with the Bacoor road to Manila. At Bacoor another on SW. coast of Negros Occidental, 16% m. S. of Inayauan. main highway following coast to Ternate on S. shore of entrance to Manila Bay and con BADAJOZ (bah-dah-hoth'), Sp.; pueblo on island nects with comprehensive system roads, horse of Romblon, Visayas. Pop., 3,234. paths, and trails in S. Batangas and all the BADBÁLAO (bad-bah'lah-00), ver.; bay on S. coast provinces of SE. peninsula of Luzón. of Bohol. Town of Dimiao is on NE.shore. - hamlet in vicinity of Guiguinto Bulacán, BADBARAN (bad-bah'-run), nat.; river in Cápiz, Luzón. Panay, rising in crater of Agluya and empty- BACOS (bah-cos'), Hisp.; group of 3 rocky islets ing into Malinannang Riv. extending 2 m. NE, and SW., situated NNW. BADIÁN (bah-dee-ahn'), nat.; pueblo SW. shore 2. m. from Calapan Pt., Mindoro. The chan- of bay on W. coast of Cebu, 46 m. SW. of Cebú; nels are rocky and currents rapid. From is 14 m. E. across sea channel from Tayasan. Bacós islets toward Balete Pt. water deepens Pop., 9,409. rapidly to 109 fms, and no bottom. - hamlet near W. coast of Antique, Panay, 2 BACOT (bah-cot'), ver., headwater tributary of m. S. of San Pedro. Ulut, emptying into sea on E. coast of Samar, - town at head of bay on E. shore of Straits rises over divide but 5 m, from the Bac-hao Bangahon, emptying into sea channel on W. of Tañón, W. coast of Cebú, separated from bay of Matutinao on S. by narrow peninsula, coast. 45 m. SW. of Cebú. Town can only be ap- BACQUIL (bac-keel'), ver.; small river of Ilocos proached in boats at high water, as its wide Sur, Luzón, emptying into sea. bay is lined with salient reefs. No passage be- BACSAL (bak-sahl'), ver.; islet SW. of Daram I., in tween these reefs and Badián I. Pop., 9,409. NW. entrance of Buad Channel, off Sámar. - mountain in Leyte, 2; m. S. of Capoocan. BACSAYAN (bac-say-ahn); in pueblo of Candón, - S. point of bay E. of Makoto Pt., E. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzon. Ragay Gulf, W. shore of Albay, Luzón. BACSIJE (bac-see'-hee), ver.; in pueblo of Cárcar, - island 295 ft. high off SW.coast of Daram I., Cebú. atentrance to Dumiri Bay, W. shore of Daram BACTÁN (bahc-tahn'), ver.; mountain in Lepanto, I., off W. coast of Sámar. Luzón. BADIÓ (bah-dee-oh'), ver.; river and hamlet at its mouth on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 15 BACTASAN (bac-tah'-sahn), ver.; hamlet in An- m. S. of Pandán. tique, Panay, on r. bank of Cadean Riv., BADLAY (bad-lie), ver.; island at entrance to 5 m. NE. of Caritan. Port Cataíngan, Masbate I., Visayas. BACTAY (bac-ti'), ver.; hamlet 1 m. N. of Zam- boanguita, SE. coast of Negros Oriental, BADOC (bah-dohk'), ver.; pueblo Ilocos Norte, Visayas. Luzón, on coast highway immediately N. of boundary with Ilocos Sur, a little over half- BACTÓ (bac-tau'), ver.; point on N. coast of Min- way between Laoag, from which it is 22 m., doro, 4m. WNW. of Ilog. and Vigan, the capital of Ilocos Sur. Pop., BACTÓN (bac-ton'), ver.; W. point of island of 10,846. Rapurapu, off Albay, Luzon. -island off Solot Pt., Ilocos Norte, Luzón, thickly wooded, separated from mainland by BACUAG (bah-wahg'), ver.; pueblo on S. shore of channel, i m., with 11 to 16 fms. water. Coast small bay on NE. coast of Surigao, Minda- is very rocky. nao, 21 m. SE. by S. of Surigao. Pop., 569. BACAAÍNOS (bah-gah-ah-ee'-nohs), ver.; hamlet BACUD (bah-cood'), ver.; hill at point of same of Negros Oriental. (See Valle Hermoso.) name on SW. coast of Davao, Mindanao, 18. m. BAGABÁBOY (bah-gah-bah -boy), nat.; 1 island SE. of Point Polá; is much used as mark by and 4 islets on W. side NW. of Ticao I., Vi- navigators. sayas, E. of Nunuu P. - point on SW. coast of Mindanao. Point is formed by a hill of same name and lies 1871 BAGÁBAG (bah-gah'-bag), ver.; pueblo Nueva m. SE. of Polá Pt., SW. coast of Davao, Min- Vizcaya, Luzón, on main highway, 11 m. NE. danao. Point terminates in islets. (See Bu- of Bayombong, and on W. side of Margat Riv., kud Pt.) at which point highway crosses and follows stream to Bayombong. Pop., 1,915. point on S. shore entrance to Loog Basin, Banacalan port, NW. shore Marinduque. BAGABANT (bah-gah-bant'), ver.; point NE. coast - bight on SE. shore of Banacalan port, NW. of Masbate, SĒ. of Magdalena, and affording shore Marinduque. shelter to small port of that name. BAGABÚ (bah-gah-boo'), ver.; islet near S. point BACUIT (bah-coo-it'). ver.: large bay on NW. of Tago I., 13 m. E. of Concepción, Iloilo, coast of Palawan, 20 m, S. of Cabuli, extreme Panay. N. point. BAGAC (bah-gack'), nat.; point on SW. shore of pueblo on NW. coast of Palawan, N. of bay Daram I., on Daram Channel, Sámar. of same name. Pop., 1,210. - pueblo China Sea coast of Bataan, Luzón, - mountain in Leyte, Visayas. 11 m. SW. of Balanga and at foot of Redondo BACULAN (bah-cool-lahn), nat.; hamlet on 1. Mt. Pop., 1,655. bank of stream entering Pánguil bay on W. - creek in Bataan, Luzon. coast of its terminal basin, Misamis port, Min- danao. BAGACAI (bah-gáh-ky), nat.; point of medium elevation on bight on N. coast of Mindanao BACULIN (bah-coo-leen'). nat.; S. point of en- E. of Sipaka Pt. Coast between these points trance to Lianga bay on E. coast of Mindanao. is formed of sandy beaches alternating with - town on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, S. rocky bluffs and mangrove shores. of Daget Pt., 181 m. SSE. of Surigao - on W. shore of Calagnán I., off NE. coast BACULUT (bah-coo-loot'), ver.; hamlet at mouth of Iloilo, Panay; favorite watering place for of small stream entering on W. shore of Dá- vessels. vao Gulf and Mindanao, 27 m. SSW. of Dávao. village on NE. coast of Iloilo, Panay. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 311 rias. BAGACAI; river entering Carigara Bay, on N. BAGAMBAGAM (bah-gum-bah-gum'), ver.; clus- shore of Leyte. ter of islands in Balábac grp. BAGACAUA (bah-gah-cah'-wah), ver.; hamlet and BAGAMBANGUIN (bah-gam-bahn-geen'), ver.: a point on W. coast of Cebú, 6 m. N. of Astu pueblo island 2) m. N. and s. 5 m. NE. of Batás I., NE. coast of Palawan. At S. is a BAGÁCAY (bah-gah -ki), ver.; point used ap- rocky lump 60 ft. high. Small charted island proaching E. coast of Cebú,if m. SE. of Liloan unnamed, lies SW. toward Balás I. and N. headland at entrance to port of Cebu. BAGAMBANÚA (bah-gam-bah-noo'-ah), ver.; islet Has fixed light on circular tower 46 ft. above in sea channel between Bohol and Cebú, 8. m. sea and 21 ft. above ground visible 9 m. There NW. of Tubigón. are numerous fishing lights in vicinity. BAGANBANÚA (bah-gun-bah-noo'-ah), nat.; islet - 2 islets in San Juanico Strait, near its outlet on SW. side of opening of bight on S. shore into San Pedro and San Pablo bays, 1 m. NW. of Sámar, Visayas, 4 m. NW. of Guiuan port. of Tacloban, Leyte. BAGANEAN (bah-gah-nay'-ahn), ver.; point on S. - town on NE. coast of Misamis, about half coast of Mindanao. way between Diuata and Sipaka Pts., Min- BAGANGA (bah-gang'-ah), ver.; small bay opening danao. between Lambajón and Daget Pts., 2, m. off E. - hamlet of E. Iloilo, Panay, near boundary coast of Mindanao. Forms small anchorage with Cápiz, 5 m. N. by W. of Barotac Viejo. available during SW. monsoon, but during - hamlet of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, on NE. is untenable on account of heavy sea E. coast, 5 m. N. of San Dionisio. which sets in. - hamlet on SW. coast of Sámar, 2 m. SE. of - pueblo bay of same name, E. coast of Suri- Calbayog gao, Mindanao, 178 m. SSE. of Surigao. Pop., - point on S. coast of Siquijor I., halfway 1,114. between Lacy and San Juan de Macapílay, BAGANITO (bah-gah-nee-toh), ver.; inlet in Bili- distance of 9 m. between extremes. ran I., Mindanao. mountain in Leyte, 5 m. W. of Tacloban. BAGANTING (bah-gahn-ting'), ver.; summit in N. elevations of the E. coast range of Panaón I., - mountain in Leyte, Visayas, 5 m. N. of San 5 m. SE. of Liloan, S. of Leyte. Isidro. BAGAPALA (bah-gah-pah'-lah), ver.; point on - sierra of mountains in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzon, one of many parallel ranges NE. coast of Masbate, lat. 12° 30' N. which traverse the province extending from BAGÁS (bah-gus'), ver.; hamlet on E. coast of NW. to SE. Its chief peak, Mt. Labo, on sw., Sámar, 2 m. S. of San Julián. is 5,163 ft. (1,552 meters) high, near intersec- BAGASAUE (bah-gah-sah'-way), ver.; point on N. tion E. boundary of Tayabas with Camarines side of harbor of Tuburan, 2 m. distant W. Sur, and S. boundary Camarines Norte, Taya- coast of Cebú. bas. It has important deposits of magnetic iron. BAGASIMBAHAN (bah-gah-sim-bah'-hahn), nat.; - mountain on S. shore of Leyte, 11 m.inland mountain, inland from Milagro in which Asid Riv. takes its rise, W. side of Masbate I., Vi- from Mac Crohon. sayas, BAGAISI, or MAGOISI (bah-gah-ee'-see, mah- BAGASIPUT (bah-gah-see-put'), nat.; islet S. of gah-ee-see), nat.; islet ifm. off Pan de Azúcar I., NE. coastof Iloilo, Panay. Talájit I., between Sámar and Masbate, Vi- sayas. BAGAJO (bah-gah'-ho), ver.; point on E. coast of BAGASULAN (bah-gah-soo'-lahn), ver.; point on of Albay, Luzón. Lat. 1303'. W. coast of Talájit I., W. of Sámar. BAGAJÁU (bah-gah'-how), ver.; river in Sámar. BAGASUMBUG (bah-gah-soom-boog'); islet in San BAGAJUPI (bah-gah-hoo-pea), ver.; point on W. Juanico Strait, between Samar and Leyte. shore of Leyte, midway between San Isidro BAGÁTAI (bah-gah -tie), nat.; island in San Pedro and Villaba. outlet of San Juanico Strait, between Samar BAGÁKAI (bah-gah'-kai): point on N. coast of and Leyte. Mindoro, 51 m. across sea channel S. of Ca- BAGATAO, or BAGÁLAO (bah-gah-tah-oo, bah- miguin I. gah'-lah-00), ver.; E. and larger of 2 islands BAGALANGAN (bah-gah-lang'-ahn), Tag.; moun in entrance to Sorsogon Bay, on SW. coast of tain in Batangas. Sorsogon, Luzón, BAGÁLAO (bah-gah'-lah-oo), ver.; island off town BAGATUSAN (bah-gah-too'-sahn), ver.; islet 3 m. and harbor of Magallanes, Sorsogon, Luzón. W. of Lauis Pt., NW. coast of Bohol, Visayas. - point on E. head of entrance to Sorsogon BAGAUMA (bah-gah-00'-mah), nat.; river enter- port, Sorsogon, Luzon. Narrow channel ing Barrera port, NE. coast of Masbate I., known as Boca Chica, carrying 6 to 8 fms., Visayas, NE. of Aroroy. separates point from island of same name. BAGAY (bah-gi'), nat.; hamlet on NE. coast of BAGALAYAG (bah-gah-lah-yag'), ver.; point on Cebú, 4 m. s. of Daan Bantayán on opposite N. coast of Mindoro, 7m. W. by N. of Bacto Pt. and at one of spurs which form Calavite - pueblo in Ambos Camarines. Pop., 1887, Cape. It is girt with rocks which extend 1,703. 1 m. along coast. - (See also Ragay.) - mountain in Masbate, Visayas. BAGBAG (bag-bag'), nat.; hamlet in Rizal (Ma- BAGALAYAUG (bah-gah-lah-yáh'oog'), nat.; nila), Luzon, on main road, 7 m. NE. of Ma- mountain in Masbate, Visayas. nila. BAGALEJO (bah-gah-lay'-hoh), nat.; river enter- - nat.; summit 353 ft. left bank Calacan Riv., ing on SE. shore of Palánog port, NW. coast NE. shore of Súbie Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, of Masbate I., Visayas, S. of point of that Luzón. name. - point on SE. shore of Palánog port, N. of BAGGAO (bag-gah'-00), ver.; town in Cagayán, Luzón. river of same name, NW. coast Masbate I., Visayas. | BAGHATÁN (bag-hah-tahn'); island 24 m. off coast of Antique, Panay, lat. 11° 28' N. BAGAMANOC (bah-gah-mah-nock'), nat.; town | BAGIBAJI (bah-hee-bah'-hee), ver.; river in Am- in Albay, Luzón. Pop. 1,209. bos Camarines (Norte); rises in central Cor- pueblo in Catanduanes, Albay, Luzón. dillera and after course s. to W. empties into - anchorage and point in same island. Capalonga Riv. on l. coast. 312 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BAGLALAOANGAN (bah-glah-lah-wahng'-ahn), | BAGUIGÚAN; point on W. shore of Lingayen ver.; point on extreme SW. shore of Sámar, 3 Gulf, Pangasinan, near island of same name m. SE. of Balangiga. which fronts it. BAGLIT (bag-lit), ver.; N. point of small bay on | BAGUIO (bah-geeoh'), nat.; pueblo, p.o., m. o., SW. coast of Leyte, leading up to Mérida, 1 m. and capital of Benguet, Luzón, in mountain BAGNEN (bag-nayn'), ver.; pueblo in Lepanto, tributaries of Agno, 8 m. NE. of Trinidad, for- Luzón, 11 m. N. by E. from Cervantes. Pop., mer capital. In December, 1900, Philippine Commission proposed construction of govern- 1,180. ment railroad 49 m. long from Dagupan, N. BAGNOTAN (bag-nowl-tahn), ver.; hamlet in Pan- terminus of Manila railroad, to this point, and gasinan, Luzón, 1 m. E. of Agno Riy. on Ma- establishment there of sanitarium for troops nila and Dagupan R. R. and converging point serving in Philippines, to avoid necessity of of 2 main highways crossing to W. side of sending them to United States or Japan for Agno Riv. recuperation, following policy of all govern- - pueblo in Unión, Luzon. Pop., Cn., 1896, ments having colonies in Asia as Simla is 7,977. sanitarium of Bengal, and Poona of Bombay, BAGO (bah-gaw), nat. (means new); pueblo of India. Pop., 1887, 655. Negros Occidental, on E. shore of Guimarás - point on N. coast of Mindoro, 8 m. NW. of Strait, 11 m. SW. of Bacolod and 9 m. E. of ſlog. A river enters sea W. of this point. nearest land of Guimarás I. Pop. 7,092. BAGUIOLO (bah-gee-oh'-lo), ver.; islet off SE. - town in Amburayan, Ilocos Sur, Luzon coast of Sámar, SE. of Guimpunúan Pt., and pueblo. Pop., 196. between Gigúan and Candolo I. - village on N. coast of Cebú, on shore of BAGULAYA (bah-goo-lah'-yah), ver.; point on E. large bay; enjoys fine climate. shore of Ragay Bay in Ambos Camarines - hamlet in Batangas, Luzón. (Sur), Luzón. BAGOLIBÁS (bah-gaw-lee-bass'), ver.; river in BAGULAYAN (bah-goo-lah'-yahn), yer.; point on SW. Sámar emptying into San Juanico Strait, W. central shore of Tablas I., SW. point of 64 m. SE. of Santa Rita. wide bay. BAGOMBÓN (bah-gom-bone'), nat.; hamlet in BAGULIBUG (bah-goo-lee'-bog), ver.; hamlet on Mórong (Rizal), Luzón, 17 m. SE. of Morong E. shore of large bay on E. coast of Zambo- at SE. bay end of boundary with Laguna. anga, Mindanao, 43 m. NE. by N. of Zam- boanga. BAGOMBONG (bah-gom-bong'), nat.; point in BAGULIPAT (bah-goo-lee-pat'); mountain in cen- island of Biliran. tral range of Masbate I., Visayas, 14 m. E. - mountain in SE. Mindanao. of S. of Masbate. BAGON (bah'-gohn'), ver.; settlement of Igorrotes BAGUMBACÁN (bah-goom-bah-cahn'), ver.: ham- in Abra, Luzon. let in Iloilo, SE. Panay,1 m. N. of Alimodián. BAGONGBAYAN (bah-gohng-bah'-yahn), nat. BAGUMBANG (bah-goom-bung') nat.; creek emp- (means new town); hamlet on S. coast of W. tying on NW. shore of Panguil Bay, SW. end Antique, Panay, 1 m. NW. of Pandán. of Misamis Port, Misamis, Mindanao. - hamlet in Bulacan, Luzón, short distance BAGUMBAYAN (bah-goom-bah'-yahn), Tag.; from Bulacán. hamlet in Manila, Luzón, on main road, 11 BAGORAYRANG (bah-goh-rah-ee-rang'), ver.; m. NE. of Manila. point on NW. coast of Leyte. - hamlet in Zamboanga, Mindanao. BAGOSO (bah-gaw-saw) nat.; point on E. coast of BAGUN (bah'-goon), ver.; mountain in S. Unión, Mindanao, 15 m. S. of Tonguil Pt. Luzón. BAGOTA (bah-gaw'-tah), ver. (See Quinalasag I., BAGUNBANNÁ (bah-goon-bah-nah'), ver.; islet S. Ambos Camarines, Luzón.) in entrance to Imunukan Bay, W. shore of BAGRAGAO (bah-grah-gow!), ver.; mountain in Masbate I., Visayas. Ilocos Sur, Luzón, spur of Cordillera which BAGUNBANÚA (bah-goon-bah-nool-ah), ver.; islet divides province from Abra. 2 m. E. off NW. coast of Negros Occidental BAGSILAR (bag-see-lahr'), ver.; river and hamlet and N. of Mucabog Pt. at its mouth N. shore of Tolón Bay, 31 m. W. BAGUPANIAO (bah-goo-pah-nee-ah-oo); N. head- of Bayaran, Negros Oriental, Visayas. land of Imunukan Bay, W. coast of Masbate, BAGSIPAL (bug-see-pahl') nat.; islet 14 m. ESE. Visayas. of Estancia, off NE. coast of Iloilo, Panay. BAGUSON (bah-goo'-sohn), ver.; mountain in SE. BAGTON (bag-tawn'), ver.; point on E, shore 17 Leyte. m. N. of extreme SE. Sámar, Visayas, 4 m. E. BAGUTÁYOC (bah-goo-tah'-yock),ver.: point on of Salcedo. S. side of Calabanga Bay, in Ambos Cama- BAGTÚN (bag-toon'), ver.; hamlet on W. coast of rines (Norte), Luzón, E. side of Ragay Gulf. Sámar. BAGUT LÁPIT (bah-goot lah'-pit), ver.; point on BAGUÁ (bah-gwah') nat., village on NE. shore NW. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. From of Calicóan I., at E. entrance to narrow chan Tatán town to this point coast, which is nel which separates that island from extreme wooded, continues WSW. for 3 m. to bay, coast of Sámar; 3 islets lie opposite the vil thence WNW., low and wooded. lage, in entrance. BAHAG (bah-hug'), nat. (Bahay); point on NE. BAGUAN (bah-goo'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in extreme coast of Panaón I., S of Leyte. SE. point of Surigao, on E. coast of Mindanao, | BAHANON (bah-hah-nown'), ver.; tributary of 4 m. NE. of Tugubun Pt., terminus of SE. Úlut Riv., Sámar. boundary between Surigao and Davao dis- BAHAT (bah-hut'), nat.: several small islands in tricts, and 210 m. SSE. of Surigao. SE. of Laparan grp., Sulu A. BAGUBAUD (bah-goo-bah-ood'); point on NE. BAHAY (bah-high), (means house), nat.; point coast of Masbate I., Visayas. on extreme NW. coast of Panaón I., 13 m. of BAGUIAD (bah-gee-ad'), ver.; hamlet on S. side of Liloan, S. of Leyte. Great Tabín Bay in NW. Leyte. - point on NE. coast of Panaón I., off SE. of BAGUIAO (bah-gee-ah'-00), ver.; mountain 1,115 Leyte, SSE. of Liloan. ft. high, between Mainit Lake and w.coast of - point in E. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. Mindanao, 4 m. BAHAYEN (bah-hah'-yen), ver.; river in Min- BAGUIGUAN (bah-gee-goo'-ahn), ver.; island near danao rising in highlands of Butúan, with a w. shore of Lingayen Gulf, Pangasinan, large volume of water and emptying on N. Luzón. shore. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 313 Vuo bon Oljoys D North Point Y A Sugar 1 тн в АТО PHILIPPINE ISLANDS NEGROS, EAST COAST Ca SOUTH BAIS BAY Sketch Survey by Officers of US Navy US S.Pampanga, March 1901 Scale 30 000 Soundings in feet Position (approx) Lot. 9° 34' N Long 123°9' E of Gr 12 NEGROS Union Bonks Arboles 36 Mangrc 21 22 23 3925 Stakes traps LAIT So lor Not 30 39 Pampanga 30 Jose "11 epish traps rish trops NON Canamay Voration Po' E.(appro Annual increase Shool water . LLL Trops ***Wooded - US Coasto Geodetic Survey Agile Sus office Oil 1901 314 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BAHAYNATÚBIG (bah-high-nah-tool-big), nat.; BAJA or GÚNNONG (bah'-hah, goon'-nong), ver.; mountain in Mindoro. point SW. of entrance to Eran Bay, W. coast BAHAY-PARE (bah-high-pah-ray); village on N. of Palawan. side of Bitás channel, immediately opposite BAJA-LLANURA (bah'-hah lyah-nool-rah), Sp.; NW. corner of boundary of municipality island fronting Tayebu Bay, Malanut port, Manila. W. coast of Palawan. BA-HE (bah'-hay), ver.: peak 2.406 ft. high, on E. BAJAT (bah-hut'), ver.; hamlet 1 m. S. of Súlat, side of Peel Mt., Palawan. E. Sámar. BA-HE-LE or BAHELI (bah-hay-lay, bah-hay- BÁJAY (bah'-hai), nat.; town in Cápiz, Panay. lee), ver.; river emptying on SW. shore of - point on N. coast of Sámar, 7 m. from Catar- Ulugan Bay, at hamlet of that name, Pala man, which lies to W. wan; navigable for boats 1m.; farms in BAJIBAJÍ (bah-hee-bah-hee'), ver.; tributary of vicinity. Tambang Riv., in Ambos Camarines (Sur), BAHI (bah-hee); hamlet in Albay, Luzón, near Luzón. boundary N. of Caramoran, Ambos Cama BAJUNTAJÚN (bah-hoon-tah-hoon'), nat.; 9 m. N. rines. of Getafe, N. coast of Bohol. BAHÍA DE LAS ISLAS (bah-hee' -ah day lahs BAKAHÚAN (bah-kah-hool-ahn), ver.: headland ees-lahs), Sp.; open bay on E. coast of Pala- on E. coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, which wan. (See Bay of Islands.). with Taguabonhan forms Apitán Strait. BAHÍA HONDA (bah-heel-ah ohn'-dah). Sp.; point BAKAI (bah-ki'): E. point of Paracale Bay, in on bay on W. coast of Palawan. Ambos Camarines, N. Luzón. BÁHID (bah'-hid), nat.: hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, BAKAL (bah'-cull). nat.: village on E. shore of 1. bank of Malinannang Riv., 1 m. below Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. Panitan. BAKALAYA (bah-cah-lah'-yah), nat.; river of BAHILE (hah-heel-lay), ver.; hamlet on SE. Sorsogon, Luzón, emptying on N. side of en- shore of Ulugan Bay, W. coast of Palawan. trance to Sorsogon port. BAHÚ (bah-hoo'), ver.; mountain in Sulu I., BAKAO (bah-cow'), nat; islet off NE. shore of Sulu A. Tigungun I., NE. of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. BAHUGA (bah-hoo-gah), ver.; hamlet of Negros BAKAYAO (bah-cah-yow'), nat.; summit 590 ft. Oriental, on S. shore of bay, 4. m. N. of Jima on the N. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of lud, E. coast. Zambales, Luzón, N. of Súbic. BAHUGAO (bah-hoo-gow'), ver.; mountain inBAKAYÚAN (bah-kah-yoo'-ahn), ver.; mountain Pangasinan, Luzon, its drainage falling into 54 m. inland from port Dinas, Cotabato, Min- Agno Grande Riv. danao, and forms as bearing to navigators for BAIBAY (by-by'), ver.; hamlet of Pangasinan, Ríos Rock Luzón. BAKEKE (bah-kay-kay) or BAKIKI (bah-kee'- BAIBAYTON (by-by-tone), ver.: mountain in kee), nat.; islet 239 ft. high, 500 yds. wide, N. Ilocos Sur, Luzon, near Abra boundary. of Little Calúpag I., at the NE. approach to Tambiluanga channel, NE. of Tawi Tawi I., BAIBO (by'-beau), ver.; important mountain in Sulu A. coast range of N. shore of Illana Bay, in Co- tabato, Mindanao, 9 m. inland. BAKIT (bah'-kit), ver. (See Báquit, NW. coast of BAILÉN (by-lain'), Sp.; pueblo in Cavite, Luzón, Palawan.) 24 m. SE. of Cavite. Pop., 4,239. BAKLUIT (bah-clew-it'), ver.; point 4 m. NE. of BAININAO (by-neel-now), ver.; pueblo in Bontoc, Cape San Agustín on Pacific, E. coast of Dávao, Mindanao Luzón, BAIOK (bah-yoke'), nat.: small bay on W. side BAKÚ (bah-koo'), ver.; mountain summit on N. of Sulu I., Sulu A. of Daram I., off W. coast of Sámar. BAKULIN (bah-kool-lin), ver.; hamlet on E. coast BAIS (bah'-iss), ver.; pueblo of Negros Oriental, of Surigao, Mindanao, SW. of Bakulin Pt., on E. or Tañón Strait coast, 21 m. NW. by N. 186 m. SSE. of Surigao. of Dumaguete. Cebú town of Ginatilan lies 11 m. due E. across the strait. Pop., 9,304. - point 7 m. N. of Caraga Bay, E. coast of -North and south 2 islands 2: by 1. and 1 Surigao, Mindanao. by 1 m, 14 m. E. of Negros Oriental, in Strait BAKÚN (bah-koon'), ver.; river on N. coast of of Tañón, between Manjuyod and Bais. They Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., emptying into slight almost fill bight in which situated between identation about 1 m. WSW. of Bakún Pt. points, Teka and Palompon. - low prominent point, covered with tall - bay on E. shore of Negros Oriental, front- trees, at E. entrance of Tataán Channel. ing town of same name. Geographical posi 2 m. E. is bay of Moko, Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. tion, lat. 9° 34' N.; lon. 123° 9' E. Fish are (See Tataan port. This point is opposite abundant and taken by natives in traps. Cabancauan I. BAJA (bah'-hah), Sp.; point on NW. coast of BAKUM (bah-coom'). nat.; creek entering on N. Palawan. bank of the N. arm of the Grande Riv. of - point on SE. coast of Palawan. Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao. BALÁBAC GROUP, SW. OF PALAWAN. (Bah-lah'-back, nat.) Chief town: Balábac, Balábac I., lat. 7° 59' 55' N., lon. 117° 4' 21" E. Area: 264 sq. m.; Balábac, 132; dependent islands, 23. Population: 2,100. Race: Moros. Language: Moro-Joloano. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay. Table of distances. From Balábac to- m. Dumaguete, Negros Oriental 441 Iloilo, Panay....... 409 Sulu; Sulu I, Sulu A.. 281 Manila, Luzón ....... 529 Zamboanga, Mindanao. 356 SEMAPHORE OF THE NAVAL STATION OF BALÁBAC, OFF SOUTHWEST COAST OF PALAWAN. SKELETON OF A NATIVE HOUSE, BALÁBAC ISLAND, SOUTHWEST OF PALAWAN. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 315 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The extreme SW. group of islands in the Philippine Archipelago is separated from the British possessions on the S. by the Balábac Strait. The group lies between lat. 7° 40' N. and lat. 8° 22' N., and lon. 116° 52' E. and lon. 117° 20' E. (see Balábac I.), S. of Palawan and N. of Borneo, being separated from the latter by the Balábac Strait and between the Sulu Sea on the E. and China Sea on the W. The territory of the British North Borneo Company, opposite on the S., includes the whole N. por- tion of Borneo I., from Sipitong Riv. in lat. 5° 6' N. on the W. coast to Sibuko Riv. on the E. coast in lat. 4° 5' N., including an area of 31,000 sq. m. AREA. The islands comprising this group lie within 48 m. N. and S. and 38 m. E. and W., or 1,536 sq. m. sea and 264 sq. m. land area. Balábac is 281 m. N. and S. from Andeyro Pt. to Cape Melville and 9 m. E. and W. at its greatest width. Area, 168 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface is mountainous, especially in the S. part, and generally consists of expansive plain-like valleys here and there marked with peaks ranging from 457 to 890 ft. in height, the latter being Balábac. There are upward of 14 of these measured and many more whose altitude is not given. The range called Sierra Empinada lies in the form of an elipse having its convexity toward the sea. BAYS AND HARBORS. Although anchor may be dropped along the channel or N. strait of Balábac, there is a bend W. of a ledge of rocks formed in front of the mouth of a wide creek, having an anchorage of 33 fms. The principal bays of the Balábac grp. are- Calandórang; about the center of the E. coast, 1 m. between heads and 24 m. deep, well sheltered and lighted. Clarendon; on the SE. shore, N. of Balábac. Dalauan; on the E. coast near the S. end of the island, 1 m. between heads and 2 m. inland. Príncipe Alfonso; a sheltered inlet, especially against the winds and sea from S. to W., in the bay of Calandórang. Puerto Ciego; on the NW. coast 3 m. between heads, 54 m. inside from NE. to SW., and 4 m. inland. In the entrance lies an island, and the channel is much obstructed by coral reefs. LIGHT-HOUSES. The Balábac Strait, the thoroughfare of commerce between the China and the Sulu seas, especially during the NE. monsoon, is well lighted. On the point S. side of entrance to Calandórang Bay, lat. 7° 59' 55'' N., lon. 117° 04/21'' E., is 1 flash light 268 ft. above sea, in a square tower, white with red base, 13 ft. from base to vein, lantern red, visible 12 m. On Cape Melyille, on a hill near and NW. of the cape form- ing the S. end of Balábac I., lat. 7° 49' N., lon. 117° E. This light is 1 flash every 20 seconds, 297 ft. above sea level, in an octagonal tower with detached dwelling 90 ft. high, and visible 32 m. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The many channels among the islands of the Balábac grp. constitute the thor- oughfares of vessels, according to size, motive power, and seasons, in voyages between India and Singapore into the Sulu or Mindoro Sea, to the islands of the Philippine Archipelago, Hongkong, Yokohama, and other ports of China and Japan. The local travel and traffic is in paraos and cascos along the coast. POPULATION AND TOWNS. According to the “Censo Oficial de 1887,” the Balábac grp. had a population of 1,834 inhabitants, of whom 408 were Christians. Estimated, 1901, at 2,100. The people generally are Moslem in religion, manners, and customs, although some are 316 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. yet entirely uncivilized and living in a state of savagery. The people are a daring, seafaring race, intermingled with the invading Moros of Borneo, and the Malayan races of the Pacific seas to the E. The natives are Moros, and the ordinary lan- guage of the islands Moro-Suluano. There is but one pueblo with a few villages, all located on Balábac I., as follows: Balábac; the chief town situated on a fine harbor (protected during the SW. monsoon) on the shore of Calandórang Bay. At the entrance is a light-house. Within easy access of the town by trail are the following villages: Agutayan, Cabuligan, Carandurin, Catagupan, Dalauan, Lang, Pasig, Pancán, Sabos, Sigalo (Singalo), Tucanigalo. The following is the return of the official census of 1887 for the pueblo of Balábac district and its population: Males, 1,048; females, 786; total, 1,834. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The islands lying S. of the channel between Cameran, Pandanan, and Bugsuc and the extreme S. point of Palawan on the N. and Balábac Strait on the S., and consti- tuting this group, are: sq.m. Albay; in Candaraman Strait, between Balábac and Ramos I. (Less than one-half mile).... Apo; 20 m. NE. of Balábac.... Bancalan; 16 m. N. of Balábac...... Bowen; 1 m. off the N. point of Bugsuc I., 25 m. NE. of Balábac... Bugsuc; next to Balábac the largest of the group, and the extreme E., 21 m. NE. of Balába Byan; in the channel between Manlagule and Bugsuc, 16 m. ENE. of Balábac. Cameran; 23 m. NNE. of Balábac.. Canabungan; 17 m. ENE. of Balábac.. Candaranan; 6 m. NNE. of Balábac....... Casixigan; 164 m. NNE. of Balábac.. Comiran; 13 m. SE. of Balábac..... Gabung; in mid-channel between Manlagule and Bugsuc, 13 m. NE. of Balábac. Lumbucan; 15 m. SE. of Balábac... Malinsong; about the center of the open waters between the 4 larger islands of the group 18 NE. of Balábac... Manlagule (Manlalgule); 6 m. E. by N. of Cape Disaster, N. extreme of Balábac I. Nasubata: 6 m. off the E. coast of Balábac.. Pandanan; immediately S. of Palawan, from which it is separated by a channel 1} m. wide, 14 m. NE. of Balábac I.; it is 6 m. NE. to SW. and 2 m. wide... Patongon; 13 m. NE. of the N. point of Balábac..... Paz; almost adjoining the Sw. point of Ramos I... Ramos; immediately N. of Balábac I., with peak 374ft. high, separated by Candaraman Strait, of a mile wide ....... Sanz; in Candaraman Strait between Balábac and Ramos I.. Secam; 41 m. N. of Balábac I. at the W. end of the strait. Úrsula; the northeasternmost of the group, 40 m. NE. of Balábac ... Total area (23 dependent islands). VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. There is a small production of cotton, corn, and other products of agriculture for home consumption. MINERALS. Coal in commercial quantities and of excellent quality is found 7 m. from Balábac town. A deposit of native mercury is also reported. FORESTS. There are large forests of trees producing gum, resin, mastic (almaciga) dye, fiber and medicinal plants, wax, and honey. The mouse deer, called pelandoc, is found only on this island. FRUITS. Bananas, mangosteens, sapote, and other fruits are abundant. INDUSTRIES. These islands, particularly Comiran, at certain periods of the year abound in turtle, which land from the ocean for breeding. Natives from Balábac, Palawan, and even Borneo, make expeditions to these islands for the shell and flesh. Another industry GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 317 is the gathering of mastic, a valuable staple of commerce and extensively used in oriental countries as chewing gum. The product of Balábac is of exceptionally fine quality, and under proper enterprise the output might be largely increased. The gath- ering of salangane, or edible birds' nest, is another important industry. MILITARY OCCUPATION. No United States troops have garrisoned this group. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The local government is in accordance with the terms of the treaty with the Sultan of Sulu. (See p. 137 Gazetteer and Senate Doc. No. 136, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session.) BALÁBAC (bah-lah -back). nat.: chief town of BALAGER (bah-lah-hair'). ver.: river entering island of that name, situated on bay of Ca Celebes sea on SW. coast of Davao, Mindanao. landórang, surrounded by mountains 900 to BALAGÍN (bah-lah-heen'), nat.; creek entering armed fort, and attractive houses along sea- sea on N. side of Lúbang I., SE. of Lúbang. shore. A military station was erected by BALAGO (bah-lah'-goh), ver.; peak in Caraballos Spanish Government in 1858 on S. shore of Occidentales, in Abra and Ilocos Sur, Luzón, Calandórang Bay for purpose of developing 3,629 ft. high trade of Palawan and neighboring islands. The population in 1895 was 327, viz, 12 Span BALAGÓN (bah-lah-gone'), ver.; hamlet on r. iards, 278 natives, 24 Chinese, 6 moors, and 7 bank of Matinao Riv., NW. of Bigoa Mt., in half-breeds, under a naval officer as governor. E. Sámar. This has since been reduced, owing to change of jurisdiction. There is a pier at the town, BALAGUA (bah-lah'-gwah), ver.; hamlet in Le- and also a light-house. (See Calandórang panto, Luzón, 9 m. from Cervantes. Pop., 299. Bay.) Pop., 263. BALAIUAC (bah-lah-ee'-wahk), nat.; islets W. end - SE. peak, 1,890 ft. high, of a group of of channel between Pamontalan I. and SE. shore Barrera port, NE. coast Masbate I., Vi- and Dalauan bays, 2 m. inland and in full sayas. view of Sulu Sea front of Balábac I. BALAKTING (bah-luck-ting'), nat.; point on E. - False Peak, lies to the SE. of Balábac peak, coast of entrance to Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Dalauan bay, SE. shore Balábac I. Luzón. - hamlet in Cavite, Luzón, 22 m. S. of Cavite. BALAKNIBOK (bah-luck-nee-bock'). nat.; sum- BALÁBAC STRAIT (bah-lah'-back): main chan mit 357 ft., on E. shore of Subic Bay, SE. nel between Balábac I., the southernmost coast of Zambales, Luzón. possessions of United States in Philippine A., BALALENG (bah-lah-leng'), ver.; hamlet of Ilocos on N. and Balambangan and Banguey off Sur, Luzon. NE. coast of Borneo. British possessions on S. at a width of 29% (naut.)=34 (st.) m. It BALALO (bah-lah'-law), ver.; point E. of Bom- connects the China with Sulu or Mindoro bón Pt. at end of small peninsula and form- seas along S. shore of Balábac I. W. end of ing E, head of Murciélagos Bay, N. coast of s. line of demarcation of possessions ceded Misamis, Mindanao. by Spain to United States, on lat. 7° 40' N. be- tween lon. 116° E. to 1190 35' E. of G., passes through this strait. cán, Luzon, 94 m. NW. of Bulacán. BALÁBAC STRAIT, NORTH; sea channel formed | BALAMBÁN (bah-lam-bahn'), ver., bay, point, on s. by Balábac and Candararan Is, and on river (also Batiguangúan), and pueblo W. N. by Bancalan, Manlagule, and Canabungan coast of Cebu, 22, m. NW. of Cebu on Strait of Is.; il m. long and about 12 m. wide at its Tañón. Pop., 9,610. narrowest part, abreast Canabungan I. (See Balábac Strait.) BALAMBING (bah-lum-beeng'), nat.; channel separating Bilok-Bilok from coast of Tawi BALABAGAN (bah-lah-bah'-gahn), ver.; formerly tribal settlement of Illanos on E. side of Bay are 2 small flat-topped rocks named Dulang of Illana. Dalang and chain of black bowlders as far as BALABAO (bah-lah-bah'oo), ver,; point in S. Mas can be seen to E. bate, Visayas. BALACA (bah-lah'-cah), nat.; a pueblo in Le- Sulu A. Owing to intricacies of channel lead- panto, Luzon. Pop., cn. 1896, 263. ing up to it among numerous small islands in BALACBACÁN (bah-lack-bah-cahn'), ver.; crater waters between Bilatan I. and main shore of in E. range of Guimarás I., SE. Panay, 71 m. SE, of Nagaba. resort for Moro pirates. The country inland BALAD (bah-lad'), nat.; inlet and hamlet in 8. is also easily defensible on account of sur- Mindanao. rounding hills. BALADA (bah-lah'-dah), Sp.; point in N. Min - town on S. coast of Tawi Tawi, Sulu A. danao. Many sheltered creeks on NE. were resorts BALADING DACÓ (bah-lah-ding' dah-coh'), ver.; of native pirates in which European boats island of Canahauan grp., W. of Sámar. could not pursue. At one time this was the BALADING QUETAI (bah-lah-ding' kay'-tí), ver.; most famous native boat-building locality in all of Tawi Tawi. After Spanish attack of & rocky išlet S. of Balading Dacó of the Cana- 1871 this important industry was removed to hauan grp., W. of Sámar. Lupa Buan, 10 m. to NE. BALAG (bah'-lag), Tag., mountain in Rizal, Lu- | BALÁN (bah-lahn'). ver. (See also Batán Bay and zón. port.) Important town on E. shore of Batán BALAGBAG (bah-lag-bag'), ver.; pueblo Benguet, Bay, N. coast of Capiz, Panay, 163 m. W. of Luzon. Pop., 1887, 682. Cápiz. Pop., 12,908. 318 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BALANAN (bah-lah-nahn), ver.; river in Min- | BALANGIGA (bah-lahn-hee'-gah), ver.; pueblo on danao. S. coast of Sámar, seat of important coast BALANIN (bah-lah-neen') nat.; point on inner trade, 56 m. SE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 5,000. anchorage of Barrera port, NE. coast Masbate river in the same island. I., Visayas. BALANGA (bah-lahn-gah or bah-lang-ah), Tag.; river rising in Malimatoang Mt., Sámar; pueblo and capital of Bataan, Luzón, 2 m. in- flows S. and empties into bay on S. coast at land from W. shore of Mamlabay, being 30 m. town of that name. N. on W. of Manila across bay. Road con-| BALANGONA (bah-lahng-oh-nah). ver.: point in nects it with all shore towns along w. side NW. of Catanduanes I., Albay, Luzón. of Manila Bay, besides road W. across proy- ince connecting with road along sea coast - point N. head of entrance to Santa María side; post-office station. Pop., 9,000. port, NW. Zamboanga, Mindanao. - in Batangas, Luzón. BALANGUÍN (bah-lahn-geen'), nat.; point S. head BALANGAN (bah-lang'-ahn), ver.; town in Bon of entrance to Santa María port, NW. shore toc, Luzon. Zamboanga, Mindanao. BALANGUINGUI (GROUP), SULU ARCHIPELAGO. (Bah-lahn-geen'-gee, ver.) Chief village: Balanguingui, lat. 6° N., lon. 121° 40' E. Area: 38 sq. m. Population: 335 men fit for war. Race: Moro. Language: Moro-Sámal. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. Table of distances. st. m. Balanguingui tom Isabela de Basilan, NNE. Sulu, Sulu, W... Zamboanga, Mindanao, NE.. LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The Balanguingui group, the most N. of the Sulu Archipelago, lies between lat. 5° 59' and 6° 17' N., and lon. 121° 29' and 121° 51' E. On the N. across the narrow intervening channel is the Mindanao I. of Basilan; on the E. the Célebes Sea; on the S. the Sulu grp., and on the W. the outlying islands of the Pangutárang grp. in Sulu Sea. AREA. The land surface of the islands aggregates 38 sq. m., covering a sea area of 29 naut. m. from Talaran NE. to Simisa SW., and 49 naut. m. from Toquil, the outlying island in the Celebes Sea on the SE., to Tacud Pabunuan, the remotest of the group to the NW. in the Sulu Sea; total area of land and inter-island water, 1,862 naut. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface of the islands vary in height from coral formations a few feet above the surface to peaks of volcanic structure, Bulan being 1,184 ft. high. BAYS AND HARBORS. The anchorages for small craft are generally under the lee of the nearest island. The intricacies of the channels, although of sufficient depth, make navigation diffi- cult and dangerous. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. All communications are by the fast-sailing native craft. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The inhabitants dwell on the shores, on which fish are abundant. The number of men governed by datos and serviceable in war is 335. A total population of 600 is estimated. The language is Moro-Sámal. These islands, particularly Balanguingui, from their central position in the Sulus, and as well between Borneo and Mindanao, during the first half of the nineteenth century were the favorite resort of the Moro corsairs of the Célebes and Sulu seas. 33 390 2 OS 75 52 25 2 5 . .66 DI 2 2 13 de 33 23 * * * > > > ,16 32. Bunot Pasi X TKRITIELAND SCLU ARCHIPKLAGO SAMALES ISLANDS Mouth BALANGUINGI GROUP 33.29 29 From a Spanish survey in 1882 Nes Ahunatha La9 BKE Bylitalpe $240 35 Whirlpool h ouder by hoed te THE HORS PETERS CO. POSLITHO. WASHINGTON DC S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 319 ISLANDS. 1. 00 0: Balanguingui; main island of the group in the SW., E. of Bangao I .... Bangalao (Banyao); in the extreme W., E. of Balanguingui I... Bolod; 2 islands, the E. 597 and W. 643 ft. high..... Bucutus; the NW. of the Samales Is, and center of the group NW. of Belauan ..... Belauan (Bulan); one of the Samales Is., 1,184 ft. high, in the NE...... Dipolod; 2 small islands of the Samales Is., NW. of Bulan.. Halcón Rock, NW. of the Bolod Is.... Mamad, W. of Bulan I... Mamawak (Mamanoc), N. of Balanguingui I...... Manungat..... Parol......... Samales Is.; general name for a small cluster, Bulan, Dipolod, Bucutua, and Mamad Is. Simisa, in the extreme SW.; a small island lies to the N.... Sipac, in the extreme N....... Tacud Pabunuan in the extreme NW Takut Sunga, a rock..... Talaran (Tatalan) the most N., 38 ft. high ... Tonkil (Toquil), a cluster of 4 islands about the center of the Celebes Sea front Tunkalan ....... Wilhelmina Rock... Total number of islands, 20; area...... VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. All the islands are covered with a dense growth of vegetation, sometimes reaching the dignity of a forest, but generally a tangled mass of mangrove and the low-growing and climbing varieties of tropical plant life. The inhabitants cultivate a few yams and other products for their own use. INDUSTRIES. A small trade in turtle shells and trepang is carried on with the islands of Basi- lan and Sulu. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION AND CIVIL GOVERN- MENT. The United States troops have garrisoned this group. The government is in accord- ance with the terms of the treaty with the Sultan of Sulu. (See p. 137 and Senate Doc. No. 136, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session.) BALANGUINGUI (bah-lahn-geen'-gee), ver.; Y- | BALANTÍAN (bah-lahn-teel-ahı), ver.; river in shaped island 6 m. long, lying in extreme S. Panay. of group to which it gives its name, Sulu A., 16. m. E. of Sulu I. and 2 m. W. of Toquil, sur- BALANTÓN (bah-lahn-tohn'): nat.; branch of rounded by several coral islets and reefs, with Candaba Lagoon, Pampanga, Luzón, toward narrow channels between them only naviga- border of Bulacán. ble by light boats of Moros. It was at one BÁLAO (bah'-lah-oh), Tag.; mountain in Batan- time central seat of piratical depredations of gas, Luzón. those fierce Mohammedans among islands of adjacent seas. BALÁOANG (bah-lah'-wang), ver.; pueblo Unión, BALANGUINUE (bah-lahn-gee-noo-ay'),ver.; islet! Luzón, connected with Namacpacán by road off SE. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. 3 m. long. Pop., 12,242. Also Balaoan, Balá- BALANGUNAN (bah-lahng-oo-nahn), ver.: point nang. composed of dark ferruginous rock, 15 m. BALAQUIT (bah-lah'-kit), ver.; hamlet on S. coast SW. by S. of Coronada Pt., W. coast of Zam- of Biliran I., 3 m. E. of Biliran, N. of Leyte. boanga Peninsula, Mindanao; is N. headland of entrance to Port Santa María. Small bay BALARÍN (bah-lah-reen'). ver.; hamlet in Cápiz, to E. is better sheltered than that of Coronada. Panay, 1 m. NE. of Ivisan. - exposed roadstead E. of Tinaca Pt., S. coast BALARING (bah-lah-ring'), ver.; point in Sibu- of Davao, Mindanao. yán I., Romblon, Visayas. - cove on S. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, be- | BALÁS (means knob) (bah-lahs'), ver.; island 51 tween Limansí Pt. and Cape Sarangani. m. NE. and SW. and 2 m. NW. to SE. (area, 10 Fresh water is to be had; but poor anchorage. sq, m.), in middle of front of Aletas de Tibu- BALANSUNGIAN (bah-lahn-soong-eel-ahn), ver; 2 rón, or Shark Fin Bay, NE. coast of Palawan. islands of sandstone formation in Sw. part of These inlets are chartered from 2 to 4 m. E. Marasi Bay, near shore, SW. coast of Palawan, and another 1 m. from shore on W. and SW. of bay of Marasi, in same parallel as BALASAIG (bah-lah-sah'-ig),ver.; town of Isabela, Puerto Princesa, being surrounded by little Luzón, near confluence of Balasáig Riv. with islands, reefs, and rocks. Grande de Cagayan Riv., 14 m. N. of Ilagan. BALATACÁN (bah-lah-tah-cahn'), nat.: village 11 m. W. of Bocator Pt., on NW. shore of Panguil - small river of Isabela, Luzón, entering Bay, SW. end of Misamis port, Misamis, Min- Grande de Cagayán Riv. from E. Town of danao. Path leads to landing m. distant. same name is at its mouth. BALANTANG (bah-lahn-tang'). ver.; hamlet in BALASAN (bah-lah'-sahn), ver.; pueblo in Con- Iloilo, Panay, in Iloilo Strait, 5 m. N. of Iloilo. I cepción, Iloilo, Panay, 8 m. S. of Carlés. 320 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BALASÍAN (bah-lah-see'-ahn), ver.; river in | BALEGIN (bah-lay'-heen); island in NE. waters Luzón. of Lamón Bay, belonging to Tayabas, Luzón, BALASIG (bah-lah-sig'), ver.; hamlet in Cagayan, and situated SW. of Polillo I. Luzón, on 1. bank of small affluent of Grande BALELA (bah-lay'-lah); hamlet in Bulacan, de Cagayan Riv. Luzón, near Calumpit. BALASUNGÁIN (bah-lah-soong-ah'-in),ver.; sharp BALENO (bah-lay'-noh), ver.; pueblo NE. coast peak 947 ft. high on S. shore of Marasi Bay, of Masbate I., Visayas, 11 m. NW. of Masbate. SW. coast of Palawan, Pop., 923. BALATEROS GRANDE and CHICO (bah-lah-tayl: BALER (bah-lehr'), Hisp.; capital, p. o., and ross grahn'-day; chee-coh), Hisp.; 2 bights pueblo of Principe, Luzón, foot of Sierra respectively W. and E. on N. shore NE. of Madre or Coast Range, 7 m. up Baler Riv., Galera, Mindoro. important stream formed few miles above by BALATIC (bah-lah-tick'), ver.; point on SE. coast junction of 4 branches and emptying into Baler Bay. On April 14, 1900, United States of Cebú, halfway (10 m.) to Argao N. and troops took possession without opposition. Dalaguete S. Proximity of lofty Sierra Madre to coast not BALATINAN (bah-lah-teel-nahn), ver.; peak of only renders access to interior extremely diffi- Gran Cordillera Central, in Cagayán, Luzón, cult, but practically isolates this province on line of boundary with Abra on W. from Isabela on N. and Nueva Ecija on W. BALATINAO (bah-lah-tee-now'), ver.; mountain and S. Intercourse with Manila in ordinary in central Abra, Luzón, one of the grandest avenues of travel and trade is by tramp summits of Caraballos Mts., which divide steamers and native coasters. Land travel to Abra from Cagayán. W. provinces of island is accomplished by BALATO (bah-lah'-toh), nat.; point forming E. horse or hammock carriage over mountains head to Murciélagos Bay, N. coast of Min- which here attain altitudes of from 3,000 to danao. This point is N. terminus on sea- 5,000 ft. to Bongabon, distance of 30 m. SW. coast boundary between Misamis on E. and on bank of Grande de la Pampanga Riv., and Dapitan on W., Mindanao. on main highway and telegraph (military) route between Caraballo Sur on N. and s. BALATOCAN (bah-lah-toh-cahn), ver.; hamlet through San Isidro and Bulacán to Manila, on N. shore of Panguil Bay at its outlet into farther distance of 70 m. Pop., 1,911. Misamis channel into Iligan Bay, Misamis, Mindanao. - river with its several tributaries (principal ones being Dicaniti, Dimanalepe, Malanis, - mountain in same place. Dimunaglan, and Caliselan) rising in E. BALATONG (bah-lah'-tong), nat.; point on SW. slopes of Sierra Madre, and emptying into coast of Negros Occidental, 30 m. SE. of Baler Bay. Inayauan. - bay on coast of Príncipe, Luzon. Affords - hamlet in Bulacán, Luzón. poor anchorage and is exposed to all winds of Pacific Ocean. BALATÚAN (bah-lah-too'-ahn), ver.; point in Mindanao. - group of mountains in Sierra Madre or Pa- BALAUAN (bah-lah'-wahn), ver.; hamlet 14 m. E. cific Coast Range in Príncipe, Luzón. of Tarangunan, in Sámar. BALESÍN (bah-lay-seen'), ver; small island 1: by BALAUAN, or BALAOANG (bah-lah'-wahn, bah 1 m. in extent, 50 ft. high in center of Lamón low-ahng'), ver.; hamlet in Ilocos Sur, Luzón. Bay off NW. shore of Ambos Camarines, Lu- zón, midway between NW. points of Joma- BALAUN (bah-lown), ver.; hamlet in Bulacan, lig on NE. and Alabat I. on sw., and 174 m. Luzón. NW. by N. of Dapdap Pt., Tayabas, Luzón. BALAYÁN (bah-lah-yahn'), Tag.; large bay or es- tuary of China Sea, 164 m. between Cape San- BALESTRA (bah-les'-trah), Hisp.; small island 14 tiago and Cazador Pt., on Calumpán Penin- m. NW. off coast at Dagdap Pt., Tayabas, Lu- sula, S. coast of Batangas, Luzon, with depth zón, in middle of Lamón Bay. of 12 fms., very close to its shores. Island of BALETE (bah-lay-tay), nat.; port on W. shore of Marica bán lies on SE. of its entrance. Pujada Bay, Davao, Mindanao. river in same province. - point on E. coast of Mindoro, 38 m. SE. by - pueblo on NW. shore of Balayán, at mouth S. of Calapán. Island of Maestre de Campo of river of same name, 6 m. N. of San lies 114 m. E. by S. off this point. The Papag- Pedriño Pt., in Batangas, Luzon, with fine dayan Riv. enters sea 1 m. N. W. anchorage of 3 to 6 fms. and 30 m. by road - settlement of Tagalos at mouth of Bacó NW. of Batangas, the capital, via Taal Mt. Riv. on N. coast of Mindoro, 2, m. NW. of Ca- Balayán, 3 m. NE., is guide to anchorage. lapán, engaged in cutting and splitting rattan Town affords supplies of all kinds for vessels. for market. Inhabitants of surrounding country are largely engaged in agriculture, raising cattle, - point 2 m. NW. of Calapan in bight of NE. coast of Mindoro: 3 unnamed islets lie 4 m. fishing, and coast trade. Pop., 24,747. N. off this point. BALAYANG (bah-lah-yang'), ver.; mountain of Negros Occidental, 7 m. E. of Jimamaylan. - river on E. coast of Mindoro, entering sea 2 m. S. of Pinamalayan. BALBAGAN (bahl bah'-gahn), ver.; island 1 m. - pueblo Cápiz, Panay, 31 m. inland SW. of long, 100 it. high, with sand hill on its N. ex- Port Batán, 231 m. W. of Cápiz. Pop. 5,065. tremity, 3 m. W. of Gigantes I. and 7 m. E. of NE. coast of Panay. - hamlet in Cavite, Luzón, on main road 20 BALBALAÁN (bahl-bah-lah-ahn), nat.; hamlet 1. m. S. of Cavite. bank of upper Saltan Riv., in SW. Cagayán, - small river entering bay W. of Cáuit Pt., E. Luzón. coast of Mindanao. BALBALON (bahl-bah'-lone), river of Ilocos Norte, - point on SW. coast of Zamboanga, Min- Luzón, rising in the Cordilleras which form danao, on N. shore of straits of Basilan. Cape Bojeador, empties into small bay named Buraon. BALÍ (bah-lee'), nat.; hamlet 8 m. S. of Catarman, BALBATÓ (bahl-bah-toh'), nat.; river entering Sámar. sea on S. shore of Busuanga I., Calamianes BALIANAY (bah-lee-ah-ni'),ver.; island of Bohol, Visayas. BALCAYAGUIN (bahl-cah-yah-geen), ver.; river BALIAN-BUCAY (bah-lee-ahn-boo-ki'), ver.; ham- in Tayabas, Luzón, taking sw. course and let on SW. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A., 117 m. emptying at Macalelón. SW. by S. of Sulu. grp. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 321 No 4244 PRUCE 10 CENTS 12044 HILIPPINE DUO Manila Balayan S. Doc. 280—_21 ISLANDS HEID.b 0 0. 0 69 ORIOLIS OVERklaus C OSU os TI QHTE PRONTOPII Vu code BV tapaju Wo de lado 2 porog Bamboo Pole 502 CTT POT PHILIPPINE ISLANDS LUZON, SOUTHWEST COAST BALAYAN ANCHORAGE BALAYAN BAY Scale 57 Geographical Position Dome of Church, Lat. 13°46' 14'N. Lung. 120*43*35* C.of Gr. 740 322 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BALIANGAO (bah-leeahng-ow'), ver.; town on BALINASAN (bah-leel-nah'-san) nat.: river in N. shore of Misamis, Mindanao, 13 m. E. of Zamboanga, Mindanao, which rises in sum- Dapitán. mit of central part of peninsula and flowing - bay in NE. part of Murciélagos Bay, N. SW. empties into straits of Basilan. coast Misamis, Mindanao. Observation spot - hamlet 3 m. NW. of Zamboanga in Zam- on Pulanglupa Pt. is lat. 8° 39' 42" N., lon, boanga, Mindanao, near r. bank of river 123° 34' 5" E. emptying into Basilan Strait, W. of Zam- - town on NE shore of bay of same name, boanga. E. part of Murciélagos Bay, N. coast Misamis, BALINASAY (bah-leel-nah-sigh'); point and bay Mindanao. on coast of Zambales, Luzón. - point 1m. ENE. of town of same name, on BALINATIAO (bah-lee-nah-tyow'), ver.; island off open seacoast, N. Misamis, Mindanao. Cabarasan Pt., on S. shore near extreme SE. BALIBAGO (bah-lee-bah'-goh), nat.; point in end of Sámar. Zambales, Luzón. BALINATIO (bah-lee-nah'-tiew), ver.; island off BALIBAGO, or GALBÁN (bah-lee-bah'-goh, gahl S. coast of Sámar, in line with approach to N. bahn'); point on SE. coast of Batangas, Luzón, entrance to Guiuan. formed by spur of Bartolino Mt. BALINCAGUIN (bah-lin-cah'-geen), ver.; pueblo BALICACAO (bah-lee-cah-cow'), nat.; point on Zambales, Luzon, 48 m. N. of Iba, on main W.shore of Panguil Bay,5 m. NNE. of Misamis, road W. to Dasol and E. to Lingayen, Pop., Misamis, Mindanao. 2,378. BALINCANABAG(bah-leen-cah-nah-bahg'); island BALICÁS (bah-lee-cahs'), nat.; bay on NE. shore off W. coast of Lingayen Gulf, Pangasinan, Lúbang, W. side of Ambil passage. Luzón, off N. end of boundary with Zambales. BALICASAG (bah-lee-cah-sag'), ver; island 6 m. SW. of Tahuruc, SW. point of Panglao and 15 BALING (bah-ling'), Tag.; village near Angat, in Bulacán, Luzon. Valuable iron mine is m. across that island, SW. of Tagbilaran, Bohol. situated in neighborhood. BALINGASAG (bah-lin-gah-sag'), nat.; bay 3 m. BALIC-BALIC (bah-lick-bah-lick'), Tag.; village wide and 14 deep to SE., on shore of which near cemetery of same name, in NE. part of lies town of same name in Misamis, Minda- Sampaloc, suburbs of Manila. nao, between Gorda Pt. on S. and Banbayan BALICUATRO (bah-lee-kwah'-troh), Hisp.; group on N. Anchorage is in front of town near of 5 small islands - Biri, Barín, Cabaun shore. (Also Balinhasay.) Grande, Quinamaligan, and Ugamut-from 3 - pueblo at mouth of river emptying into sea to 10 m. off NW. coast of Sámarand 70 m. NW. on approach to Macajalar Bay, Misamis, Min- of Catbalogan. Small vessels pass among danao, 25m. N. by E. of Cagayan de Misamis. islands. Anchorage for vessels of 500 tons is Pop., 11,491. E., off SW. point of island; protected from - point at NW. extremity of Zambales, gales in 5% fms. of water. Luzón. (See Bolinao.) - point at extreme NW. projection of Sámar | BALINGAUAN (bah-leeng-ah-wahn); point on and E. entrance head to San Bernardino Strait. NE. coast of Mindoro, 5. m. N. of Polá. - bay to E. of point of that name in NW. BALINGCUCAN (bah-leeng-coo'-cahn). Tag :ham- let in Bulacan, Luzon, near San Miguel de BALICULUT (bah-lee-coo-loot'), nat.; islet off the Mayumo. SE. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. BALINGTÁN (bah-ling-tahn'), ver.; isolated clus- BALIGAO (bah-lee-gow'), nat.; bay bet. Camansi ter of 3 small but high-peaked islets or rocks, and Cabayan pts., NW. shore of Pujada Bay, of the Babuyanes grp., in Balingtán channel E., the westernmost islet being much larger SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. than others, and has very peculiar effect as BALIGJOT (bah-lig-haut'), ver.; hamlet in Cápiz, seen from passing vessels, owing to hole which Panay, 2 m. NE. of Mayón. is visible through immense rock when bear- BALIGUÍAN (bah-lee-geel-ahn), ver.; islet 150 ft. ing NE. They are steep-to, and may be passed high, 9 m. E. of Bulubudiangan, affords a on either side at 2, m. distance. Owing to mark for vessels making Iloilo Strait from N. their exposed position and strong current and E. to clear numerous shoals along route. passing through channel between Pacific Ocean and China Sea, sea beats against them BALIGUIGAM (bah-lee-gee'-gum); river in Cebú. with great violence, requiring vessels to stand BALILA (bah-lee'-lah), ver.; mountain in Cebu. off at some distance during bad weather. Through this channel lies the track of full- BALILAHAG (bah-lee-lah-hug'), ver.; mountain powered steamers between Singapore and in SW. Leyte. Yokohama. Rocks are visible 28 m. in clear BALILAO (bah-lee-lah'-00), Tag.; mountain in Ba- weather, and therefore afford an unerring tangas, Luzón. landmark for navigators passing between the points named. This island gives name to BALILI (bah-lee'-lee), ver.; pueblo Bontoc, Lu ocean channel which here passes between zón, 10 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 297. Batanes and Babuyanes grps. Some authori- - hamlet on r. bank of a river in Zambo- ties assigned this cluster to the Batanes. The anga, Mindanao, 523 m. N. of Zamboanga. accepted grouping, however, is with the Babuyanes. - cove on N. shore of Calagnán I., off NE. coast of Iloilo, Panay. - important ocean channel, 49 m. wide, between Babuyán Claro, northernmost of - point on island of Cebú. Babuyán, and Sabtán, southernmost of Ba- BALILIJAN (bah-lee-lee'-hahn), ver.; pueblo SW. tán I. It is reputed free from all danger, Bohol, 11 m. NE. of Tagbilaran. Pop., 1,860. and is frequently used by sailing vessels when (Also Balilihan.) proceeding by E. passages to China. Through this channel lies track of full-powered steam- BALIMBÍN (bah-lim-been'), nat.; point and vil- ers between Singapore, Malay Peninsula, and lage in Tawi-tawi, Sulu A. Yokohama, Japan, 2,256 naut. m. The Ba- BALÍN (bah-leen'), ver. (See Binuluangan I., off lingtán I., an isolated group of the Ba- NE. coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay.) buyanes, high-peaked islets, visible 28 m. in clear weather. They lie in E. part of Baling- BALI NALTO (bah-len-ahl'-taw), Hisp.; islet off tán channel and constitute an excellent land- shore of bay on SW. coast of Sámar, near mark for navigators passing between Pacific Guiuan. Ocean and China Sea, Sámar. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 323 Banbayan Pt Constance Bank wwwww Boat channel approximate . nate edge S.33 . 23 8. 4 80 ... M Balingasagi III 55 sand and rock VARIATION.. NEARLY 102'E (1901) ....STATIONARY ՀԱլֆ«Կանայ, 1999 MINDA BALINGASAG ANCHORAGE Lat 845(10)N_Loug.124 46'40") E. Nautical Mile 324 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 923. BALINGUI (bah-leen -gee), ver.; islet, 7 m. N. of BALO (bah-loh): river of Ilocos Norte, Luzón. Úbay, NE. coast of Bohol, Visayas. rising in Cordillera del Norte and after some- BALINO (bah-lee'-noh), ver.; town on NE. coast what circuitous course, taking N. direction, emptying into bay of Banqui. of Masbate I., 11 m. NW. of Masbate. Pop., BALOAY (bah-levi'); estuary on N. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzon, which receives drainage BALINSASAYAO (bah-leen-sah-sah-yow'), nat.; of Patapa Mt. mountain on W. shore of lake, 111 m. E. of BALOG (bah-log'), Tag.; hamlet of Nueva Ecija, Tolón, N. Negros. Luzón, 23 m. N. of San Isidro. BALINSAYAUAN (bah-leen-sah-yah'wahn); ham- | BALOGO (bah-loh'-goh), nat.; hamlet on SE. let in Ambos Camarine (Sur), Luzon, on 1. shore of deep bight on N. coast of Panay, 73 bank of small stream entering sea. m. NE. of Pilar, Cápiz. . BALINTAUAC (bah - lin - tah-wahk'); hamlet in - point and town 14 m. SE. of Pasacao, SW. Rizal, Luzón, on main road, 6 m. NNE. of coast of Ambos Camarines. Manila. BALOI (bah-loy'), ver.; point between Silla and BALÍOANG (bah-lee'-wong), ver.; town in Bon Tagolo, on N. coast of Mindanao. High, toc, Luzón, 13 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 504. rocky, and very rugged. BALIQUIÁS (bah-lee-keeass'), ver.; inlet in the BALOLAN (bah-loh'-lahn), ver.; tributary of island of Lúbang, SW. of Cavite, Luzón. Dalut Riv., N. coast of Negros Occidental. BALIRI (bah-lee'-ree), ver.; river in Leyte. | BALOLARIN (bah-loh-lah'-rin), ver.; hamlet of Negros Occidental, 2 m. SW. of Inayauan. BALIRÓN (bah-lee-rohn'), Tag.; hamlet in Bula- | BALOLO (bah-loh'-loh), ver.; point in extreme cán, Luzón; 24 m. N. of Bulacán. NW. end of Peñón de Corón I., Calamianes BALISANG (bah-lee-sang'), Tag.; mountain in grp., 1 m. S. of SE. shore of Usón I., coast of Tayabas, Luzon. Busuanga. BALISCAN (bah-lis-cahn'), ver.: small island NW. - river entering Usón port on NW. shore, S. of Alabat I., in Lamón Bay, between Alabat coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp. Semen- and Calbalete Is., off Tayabas, Luzón, and teras, a hamlet, is on its E. shore, near its fronting Maubán anchorage. mouth. BALISON (bah-lee'-sohn), ver.; a point, and lofty BALOMBON (bah-loam-bone'); point on E. coast peak on boundaries of Iloilo, in Cápiz, Panay. of Albay, Luzon, at sea end of Malabay Mt. (See Arcángel.) and at mouth of small river. | BALÓN (bah-lone'), nat.; village on 1. bank of BALITANG (bah-lee-tahng'); hamlet in Cebu, Grande Riv, of Mindanao, Cotabato, Minda- near pueblo of Boljoon, Cebu, nao, 2 m. above Tumbao. BALITI (bah-lee-tee), nat.; port in N. Mindoro. BALONDONG (bah-lohn-dong'), ver.; mountain - village on N. shore of Albay Gulf, Albay, in Panay. Luzón, E. of Líbog. BALOT (bah-lot'), nat.; small fountain tributary rising in mountains of Negros Oriental, BALITO (bah-lee'-toh), Tag.; river having its enters Guimarás Strait through ſlog, W.coast. outlet in Batangas Bay, Luzón. BALOTA (bah loh'-tah), ver.; hamlet in Samar, BALIUAG (bah-lee'-wahg). Tag.; market pueblo 2 m. W. of Súlat. and center of 7 roads in Bulacan, Luzon, 10% m. N. of Bulacán. Pop., 14,122. Surrounding - port of some size on S. coast of Linapacan I., country is fertile and populous; people indus- Calamianes grp., off NE. coast of Palawan; trious, interesting, and progressive. On May small island lies to W. 2, 1899, United States forces, under Maj. Gen. BALOY (bah-loy'), ver.; mountain at point of H. W. Lawton, after complete rout of in- intersection of boundaries of Antique, Iloilo, surgents, occupied town. On May 6, in and Cápiz, provinces of Panay, and distant, response to overtures from inhabitants repre respectively, from their capitals, 40 m. NE. sented through most influential of their num- of San José de Buenavista, 31 m. NW. of bers, Gen. Lawton gave verbal permission to Iloilo, 42 m. SW. of Cápiz, and 227 m. due E. hold meeting in public square for election of Bugason, on W. coast of Panay. of " capitán municipal," or mayor, to ad- minister the civil affairs of town and represent BALSAIN (bahl-sah'-een); hamlet of Nueva Viz- its interests in cooperation with military caya, Luzón, in pueblo of Dúpax. forces. By command of Maj. Gen. Lawton, BALSEIRO (bahl-say'-roh), Sp.; point at S. ex- through Col. Clarence R. Edwards, assistant treme of Tulayan I., Dalrymple Harbor, off adjutant-general (G. F. 0, No. 8, Headquar N. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A.; hamlet of Caran- ters First Division, Eighth Army Corps, in caran lies 14 m. SE. on mainland; point is field, Baliuag, May 7, 1899), the result was one of headlands of approach to Sulu from E. promulgated in English, Spanish, and Taga- - channel in Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. log, and authority given to select a council and such other assistants necessary to prop- BALTASAR (bahl-tah-sahr'), Sp.; island of Tres erly administer municipal affairs; United Reyes grp., SW. of Marinduque. States not to be held for salaries, and ordering BALTIMORE, for; peak, 600 ft. high, on Ildefonso respect and obedience. This was first es Pen., E. side of Casiguran Sound, Príncipe, tablishment of municipal government in Luzón. Philippine Islands under American occupa- | BALUÁ (bah-lwah'), ver.: hamlet 2 m. SW. of tion. Súlat, Sámar. BALIUASAN (bah-lee-wah'-sun), nat., river enter BALUAGAN (bah-lwah'-gahn). ver.; river empty- ing on SW. shore of Zamboanga, W. of town ing into sea on NE. coast of Mindoro, 5 m. of same name. NW. of Nauján. village on S. shore of Zamboanga, Minda- - point in Ambos Camarines Norte). nao, 11 m. w. by N. of Zamboanga. The BALUARTE (bah-lwar'-tay), Sp.; hamlet near N. river of same name enters sea to W. boundary of Bulacán, Luzón, at junction of BALIUAGAN (Great and Little) (bah-lee-wah' 2 main roads entering from Nueva Ecija, 24 gun), nat.; 2 rivers entering on SE. side of m. N. of Bulacán. inlet on N. shore of Putiao port, SW. coast of - point on N. coast of Leyte, Visayas, and s. Sorsogon, Luzón. head of w. entrance to Janabatas channel BALLENA (whale rock) (bah-lyay'-nah); rock 5 Palangauan I. lies off this point. yds, in extent, 5 ft. above water, 8 m. E. of BALUBAD (bah-loo-bahd'); hamlet of Bulacan, Tugas Pt., on NE. coast of Mindanao. Luzón, from which it is but short distance. Aat gtakast 41006 B Tapita Ata Madamu PS1.JPPINE ISLANDS MARINDUQUE ISLAND PORT BANACALAN (PORT SAN ANDRES) Video BP From a Spanish survey in 1864 Zemuntangan Pt LA 23 31'25 N LoneIzr 50 51 E. Yand. Bakud Bight Pantangan Pt s Doc 280.67 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 325 BALUBAGAT (bah-loo-bah-gaht'), nat.; river en- BALUT PARIDO (bah-loot' pah-reel-doh). Hisp.: tering on NE. side of inlet on N. shore of easternmost of Sarangani I., off S. point of Putiao port, SW. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón. Mindanao. BALUBARUI (bah-loo-bah-rooy'), nat.; small bay BALUTINAO (bah-loo-tee-now'), ver.; mountain on W. coast of Daram I., N. of Dumiri Bay, in Antique, Panay, on boundary with Iloilo, W. coast of Sámar. 18. m. E. of San José de Buenavista. BALUC (bah-look'), ver; point on island of same BALUTU (bah-loo'-too), nat.; point on SW, shore name off W. coast of Basilan, Mindanao. of inner entrance to Balete port, W. shore of BALUCA (bah-loo-cah), ver.; hamlet in lowlands Pujada Bay, SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. on SE. boundary of Pampanga, Luzón, 115 m. BALUTÚAN (bah-loo-too'-ahn), ver., point in Min- E. of Bacolor. BALUCBUGAN (bah-look-boo'-gun), nat.; inlet on danao. S. shore of Murciélagos Bay, on N. coast of BALUTUCAN (bah-loo-tool-cahn); point on NE. Mindanao, between Nancả and Tactacan coast of Masbate, Visayas. Near this point pts., near boundary between Misamis and are gold washings of reported commercial Dapitan. value. BALUD (bah-lood'), nat.; interior hamlet of Con- BALUYAN (bah-loo'-yahn), ver.; hamlet on W. cepción, Iloilo, Panay, 1 m. W. of Concepción. coast of Antique, Panay, 11 m. S. of Barbaza. - hamlet in Sámar, 7 m. NE. of Basey. BALYUAGAN (bahl-ywah'-gun), nat.: river sepa- rating Pamontalan I. from mainland, Mas- BALUG (bah-loog'), ver.; hamlet on NW. shore bate, on SE. side of Barrera port, NE. coast of Bacayacan Bay, on E. coast of Sámar. Masbate, Visayas. - hamlet on shore of Masbate I. BAMBÁN (bam-bahn'), Tag.; pueblo on S. borders BALOGA (bah-loo'-gah), nat.; hamlet in Panga of Tárlac, Luzón, 17 m. S. of Tárlac, near line sinán, Luzón, 10 m. S. of Lingayen. of Manila Railroad, E. side. Pop., 3,196. BALUGAN (bah-loo'-gahn), Tag.; mountain in - point on E. shore of Taal Lake, Batangas, Laguna, Luzón. Luzón, BALUGANG (bah-loo'-gang), ver.; pueblo of Bon- -- hamlet in E. central Cápiz, Panay, on l. toc, Luzón, 18 m. from Bontoc. Pop.. 1,312. bank of Badbaran Riv., 1 m. N. of Dumarao. BALUGO (bah-lool-goh): village of pueblo of Para- river emptying into sea on NW. coast of nas, Sámar on shore of bay of Buad, on W. Ilocos Norte, Luzón. coast. BAMBANÁN (bam-bah-nahn'), ver.; low coral - hamlet in Bulacán, short distance from island covered with trees in SE. part of La- Calumpit, Luzón. paran grp., Sulu A., is 4, m. SE. of Billangúan, BALUK or BALUC (bah-luk'), ver.; long narrow and is visited by natives of Tawi Tawi for island, 3. m. N. and S., 64 m. W. of Basilan I., fishing. of that cluster, Sulu A., rises 525 ft. on N. part, BAMBANG (bam-bahng'), ver.; pueblo on high- low on S. way in Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon, 7 m. SW. of BALUMBAN (bah-loom-bahn'), ver.; river in Bayombong. Pop., 3,387. Cebú. - islet in delta of Grande de Pampanga, in BALUMIS (bah-loof-miss), nat.; village of Cota province of same name, Luzón. bato, on 1. bank of Upper Grand Riy. of Min- - point on S. coast of Mindanao between danao, near boundary of Lanao, Mindanao. bays of Illana and Bongo, on coast of Cota- BALUÑGAO (bah-loong-ah'-00), Tag.; pueblo on bato, Mindanao. tributary of Agno Riv. in Nueva Ecija, Lu BAMBANGA (bam-bahng'-ah), nat.; bayon S. coast zón, 41 m. N. of San Isidro. Pop., 3,848. of Mindanao in lat. 7° 00' 11" N., penetrating - hamlet in Bulacan short distance from coast for distance of 4 m. Calumpit, Luzon. BAMBANON (bam-bah-nohn'), Tag.; hamlet near BALUNGUNGAN (bah-loong-oong'-ahn), ver.; Pacific coast of Infanta, Luzón. islet 2 m. NE. of bloc I., toward Lina pacan BAMBAON (bam-bah-ohn'), ver.; point in Min- I., off NE. coast of Palawan. danao. BALUT (bah-loot'), nat.; hamlet on l. bank of | BAMBAYAN (bam-bah'-yahn), ver.; town in N. Iligan Riv., about midway be ween Lanao Mindanao. Lake and Iligan Bay, Misamis, Mindanao. BAMBUJAN (bam-boo-hun), nat.; mountain in - easternmost of Sarangani cluster (see Saran Bohol. gani I., Dávao, Mindanao). It forms part of BAMBULIN (bam-boo-lin), nat; channel in Tawi š. shore of Sarangani Strait. Tawi grp., Sulu A. BALUT or BALUT MASILA (bah-loot', bah-loot! BAMGABANGÁ (bahm-gah-bahng-ah'), nat.; vil- mah-see'-lah), nat.; largest and westernmost lage in pueblo of Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, of Sarangani I., 10m. off extreme S. point Luzón, lying 6 m. to S. and on river of Caba- of Dávao, Mindanao, forms S. shore of Saran natúan, affluent of which forms part of gani Strait, and 7 m. N. and S., and 9. m. E. boundary with Pampanga. and W., 42 sq. m. area; is of volcanic for- BAMTAT (bam-taht'), ver.; mountain in Mindoro. mation, there being 2 prominent peaks on S. side, the northwesternmost being 3,117 ft. BAMULUG (bah-moo-loog'), ver.; small stream in high. Island 1 sq. m. and 40 ft. high lies off ápiz, Panay, entering sea on NW. coast SW. shore, channel 4 m. wide separates it from about m. W. of Malay. Eastern I., known as Little Balut or Saran- BANÁ (bah-nah'), nat.; hamlet in Cavite, Luzon, gani I.; is 42 m. N. of the S. line (lat. 4° 45' 22 m. S. of Cavite. N.) of demarkation of United States posses- - point in Sámar. sions in P. A., and 305 m. E. of Siasi I., nearest of United States Sulu A. on opposite side of BANAAO (bah-nah-ah'-00). ver.; pueblo in Le- Celebes Sea, highest and most cultivated of panto, Luzon, 17 m. from Cervantes. Pop., cluster, and has population of 1,500. In center 385. is volcano 3,050 ft. above sea, from which BANABAN (bah-nah'-bahn); hamlet in Bulacan, smoke sometimes issues. In SW. extreme Luzón, in NE. part of district of Buena Vista. is another volcano, and in SE. a hill 1,082 ft. high. Off SW. end is rock 40 ft. high. BANACALAN (bah-nah-cah-lahn), nat.; river en- Lajan is its northeasternmost point from Pa- tering on E. shore Banacalan port, NW. coast cific Ocean. There is wonderful hot spring Marinduque. covered at high water on NE. shore at BANACÓN (bah-na-cohn'), ver., island 2 m. long, Lajan Pt. 4 m. N. of Getafe, on N. coast of Bohol, 326 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BANAFA (bah-nah'-fah), ver.; hamlet in center | BANCAL; hamlet on E. coast of Concepción, of Isabela, Luzón. Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. SE. of Carlés. BANAG (bah-nahg') hamlet in Albay, Luzón, in - wide but shallow bay on E. coast of Con- NE. part of pueblo of Bagacay. cepción, Iloilo, Panay, between Camboloton BANAGBAY (bah-nug-by'), ver.; island 1, m. long Bluff and Cago Pt., 4, m. S. at entrance to bay of Pilar, on N. coast of - point at N. to channel between SW. coast Cápiz, Panay. of Mindoro and Ilín (Ylín) I. BANAGO (bah-nah'-goh), ver.; point on extreme - river of Mindoro rising in central moun- SW. shore of Calicoan I., SE. of Sámar. tains and emptying into sea on E. coast in point in island of Tawi Tawi, Sulu A. bay N. of Pandán Pt. BANAGONG (bah-nah-gong'), ver.; hamlet near BANCALAIOT (bahn-cah-lah-yoht'), nat.; islet r. bank of Bac-hao Bangahón Riy., Sámar. off extreme N. point of Daram I., W. coast of Sámar. BANAHAN (bah-nah-hahn), ver.; mountain in Leyte. BANCALAN (bahn-cah-lahn), nat.; island 3 by 17 BANAJAN (bah-nah-han): point on NW. part of m., lying 5 m. NE. of Secam and 54 m. N. by bay of Surigao on SE, shore of strait of same E. of Balábac I., on NE. side of N. Balábac name. Strait. - hamlet on W. shore of Dumanquilas Bay BANÁJAO (bah-nah'-how), nat.; volcanic moun- of Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, 67 m. tain 6,000 ft. high in Tayabas, Luzón, SW. of NE. by N. of Zamboanga. Lucbán (see Majaijai town). It was ascended in 1858 by Señores Roldán and Montero, 2 BANCO (bahn-caw), Sp.; pueblo in Lepanto, Spanish naval officers. They estimated alti Luzon, 5 m. N. of E. of Cayán. Pop., 520. tude of Banájao to be 7,020 Spanish ft. and - hamlet in Abra, Luzón, 14 m. S. of Ban- depth of crater 700 ft. Crater formerly con- gued. tained lake which last eruption released. Erd and Pickering, of United States exploring BANCORAN (bahn-coh-run), ver.; island 140 ft. expedition, determined height to be 6,000 high, most N. of St. Michaels Is., forming good American ft. (7,143 Spanish). Volcano has landmark when crossing Sulu Sea from Sulu been extinct since 1730, its last eruption. The or Zamboanga for Clarendon Bay, Balábac I. Manila Estado Geográfico, 1865, says moun- tain burst into flames on S. side, threw up BANCUÁN (bahn-kwahn'), nat.; village on bight streams of water and stones of enormous size, on S. shore of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., falling as far as Sariaya village. To E. and 19 m. E. by S. of Coron. not far from Maquiling, rising to height of BANCUL (bahn-cool'), nat.; bay formed by Binu- 2,230 meters, or 7,433 ft. above sea. Its crater, lungan or Balín I. on E. and extreme NE. having diameter of 3 m., is covered with coast of Iloilo, Panay on W. vegetation. Its last eruption, in 1730, buried BANCURÙAN (bahn-coo-roof-ahn); hamlet in town of Sariaya and part of surrounding pueblo of Pitogo, Tayabas, Luzón. country in ashes. BANCUSAY (bahn-coo-sigh'), Tag.; village on - mountain range whose spurs form bound- aries of Laguna, Tayabas, and Batangas, Manila Bay shore, in Tondo district of Manila. Luzón. BANDAC (bahn-duck'), ver.; point in Leyte. BANALAKÁN (bah-nah-lah-cahn'), ver.; port (see San Andres) NW. coast of Marinduque I. BANDAY (bahn-die'), ver.; hamlet on W. shore of deep bayon s. shore of Leyte, 5 m. SW. of BANAN (bah-nahn); point on coast of Cebú. Sógod Nuevo. BANARAN (bah-nah'-run), ver.; island in SE. BANDÍ (bahn-dee'), ver.; town of Abra, Luzón, in chain of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A., 6 m. NE. of SW. range of Gran Cordillera Central, 12 m. Bilatan. E. of N. of Bangued. - channel W. of Banaran in Tawi Tawi grp., BANDILÓAN (ban-dee-loh'-ahn), ver.; point on E. Sulu A. coast of Cebú, 1. m. N. of Compostela. BANATE (bah-nah'-tay), ver.; pueblo and bay on SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, NE. by N. of Iloilo BANGÁ (bang-ah'), nat.; pueblo of Capiz, Panay, 25 m. Point which separates this bay from 25, m. W. of Cápiz. Pop., 9,127. (Also Banja that of Barotac Viejo immediately N. is sur- or Bonga.) rounded by rock which continue round shore - hamlet on Bac-Bac Riv, entering port of to Barótac. Pop., 6,764. Dipulao, on E. shore S. of Busuanga I., Cala- BANAUE (bah-nah-way), ver.; pueblo of Bontoc, mianes grp. Luzón. Pop., 638, township 872. - mountain, 1,345 ft. high, #m. NE. of port a pueblo in Lepanto, Luzón. Dipulao, Busuanga I., Calamianes grp. BANAVÓN (bah-nah-vohn'), Tag., stream in Bula- - safe and well-sheltered port on W. shore cán, Luzón. of Sibuguey Bay, 6 m. NW. of Tigbaon I., Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao. Is 2 m. BANAYÁN (bah-nah-yahn'), ver.; river in Panay. NE, and SW, and 1 m, wide. Islet divides BAN BÁN (bahn bahn), nat; point on W, coast entrance into 2 deep passages about 300 yds. of Cotabato, Mindanao, NW. of Linao Bay. wide. Coast thence trends NNE. , E. 24. BANBANG, or BAMBANG (bahn-bahng', bahm- m., forming several bays edged by islets and bahng'); hamlet on r. bank of Magat Riv., reefs as far as 2 m. N. of Bulan I. Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. - small inlet in Batán port on N. coast of BANBAYAN (bahn-bah'-yahn), nat.; N. point of Cápiz, Panay; receives several small streams bay forming between it and Gorda Pt. on E. from interior. Pueblo of same name lies to W. shore of Macajalar, 19 m, S. of Bagakai Pt., - hamlet on SW. coast of Biliran I., S. of Min- N. coast of Mindanao. danao. -- hamlet on E. shore of Macajalar Bay, N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, 21 m. N. by E. of | BANGÁ, or CAGAN (bahng-ah', cah'-gahn); point B. Cagayan de Misamis. on E. coast of Albay, Luzón, S. of Barcelona. BANCAGAN (bahn-cah'-gahn), ver.; hamlet on 1. BANGÁ BANGÁ (bahng-ah-bahng-ah'), nat.; bank of Abra Riv., in Abra, Luzón, 164 m. E. point at S. entrance to Loog Basin, Banacalan of S. of Bangued. port, NW. coast Marinduque. BANCAL (bahn-cull'), nat.; hamlet in valley of BANGABANG (bahng-ah-bahng'), Tag., village in Iligan Riv., near its r. bank, 12) m. SE. of Ili SW. angle of suburb of Paco, in municipality gan, Misamis, Mindanao. of Manila. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 327 33 43 52 52 52 .52 52 65 59 59 ? 2a vontades Submerged reef wojen VARIATION NEARLY 1' 20'E.(1900) STATIONARY SOUTH COAST SIBUGEI BAY PORT BANGA East entrance point Lat...... 7° 30 4d' N. Long........122 24 48E. Nautical Miles 328 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BANGAG (bahng-ag'); river in Cagayán, Luzón, 1 BANGON; town in Ambos Camarines (Sur), rising in Caraballo Mts. in central Cordillera Luzón, near Galvanay Pt., on E. shore of Ra- in district of Itaves and after circuitous course gay Gulf. from S. to N. enters Grande Riv. of Cagayán. - branch of Indang Riv. in Ambos Camarines BANGAG, or RÍO CHICO (bang-ag', reel-oh chee' (Norte), Luzon. coh), ver.; affluent of Grande Cagayan Riv., 1 BANGONBANGON (bung-ohn-bung'ohn), nat.: Luzón. river emptying on s. shore of San Juanico BANGAJÓN (bang-ah-hohn'), ver.; town in Sámar. Straits, E. of Tacloban, Leyte. BANGAL (bang-ulll). ver.: hamlet on r. bank of BANGTOY (bang-toy'), ver.; extinct volcano on Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., Sámar. NE. coast of Leyte. BANGÁLAO (bang-ah-lah-oo), nat; narrow hook- BANGUD (bang-ood'), nat.; islet off W. coast of shaped island 39 m. in length, 7. m. in SW. Romblon, SW. of Bombón Pt., Romblon, Vi- waters of Balanguingui grp., Sulu A. sayas. BANGÁN (bang-ahn'), nat.; point in bight on N. BANGUED (bahn - gayd'), ver.; capital, p. o., and pueblo of Abra, Luzón, encircled by bend shore of Ilocos Norte, Luzón. in Abra Riv.; lies 2 m. from stream. Is tele- - hamlet on N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón, on graph station and is in river communica- coast road and near small river which emp tion by Abra with Vigan, capital of Ilocos ties into sea near port San Juan. Sur on coast highway, 15 m. S. of W. in direct - river of Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón, line. It also has rail route 14 m. SW. to coast rising in Cordillera in center of province, highway, 3 m. N. of Narvacán via Pidigan flows NE. across pueblo of Laboó. and San Quintín, 112 m. N. of Dagupan, thence 105 m. by rail to Manila; is surrounded by fine BANGANGA (bang-ang'-ah), ver.; village on shore country and number of hamlets. Pop., pueblo, of Malicay (Maligay) Bay, S. coast of Zam- 1896, 16,413. boanga, Mindanao. BANGUI (bahn'-gee), ver.; town in extreme NW. BANGANÍAN (bahng-ah-nee'-ahn), ver.; narrow of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, on bay of that name peninsula, 14, m. long, 4 m, wide, projecting and at mouth of Buagao Riy. Is N. terminus into waters of Célebes Sea on S. coast of Zam- of highway which extends S. along China Sea boanga, Mindanao, forming division be- coast to Súbig on that bay. At Dagupan, on tween nlana Bay on E. and waters opening S. shore of Gulf of Lingayen, this highway is into Dumanquilas Bay on W. Peninsula is connected with Manila by railway; entire dis- traversed throughout its length by range of tance from Bangui to the capital being 290 m. hills, highest of which, Alto de Flecha, can Telegraph line extends to Nagpartian, 10 m. be seen 24 m. in clear weather. Line of NW. of Bangui. Pop., pueblo, 1896, 7,794. boundary between Zamboanga and Cotabato, - Bay, NW. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón. Mindanao, follows this range and terminates at Flecha Pt., extreme land between Illana Town of Bangui, on Buagao Riv., is on its and Dumanquilas Bay. shore. Harbor affords good anchorage. BANGUITAN (bahn-geel-tahn), 'ver.; pueblo Le- BANGAO (bang'-ah-oo), ver.; extreme W. island of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A., 41 m. SW. of panto, Luzón. Pop., pueblo, 1896, 450. Tawi Tawi. Its central peak lifts to 1,151 ft. BANGÚN (bang-oon'), nat.; river in Panay. above sea and conspicuous object to navi. BANGÚS (bung-oos'), nat.; hamlet in extreme S. gators passing from Célebes to Sulu seas by of Camarines Norte of Ragay bay. Sibutu passage. BANHÓN (bahn-hohn'), ver.; mountain in Sámar, BANGAR (bahn-gur'), ver.; pueblo of Unión, 5 m. N. of Paranas. Luzón, on coast highway, 20 m. N. of San BANI (bah'-nee), nat.; point N. head to Masin- Fernando, Pop., 9,000. loc port, Zambales, Luzón. BANGAS (bahn'-gass), Hisp.; fountain tributary - pueblo Zambales, Luzón, S. of Calvario rising in spurs of Bulusan Volcano, Bulusan; unites in river flowing in N. direction, Mt., 6 m. inland from sea coast, 52 m. N. of emptying into Sorsogon port at Juban, in Al- Iba; connected with highway at Dasol by trail and horse path. Pop., pueblo, 1898, 4,293. bay, Luzón. - point 4 m. S. of Arenas Pt.; low and sandy, BANGAYA (bang-ah'-yah), ver. (See Rangayan or with patches of mangroves, and forms N.side Súgut range, Cotabato, Mindanao.) of entrance to Masinloc port, Zambales, Luzon, BANGBANG (bang-bang'), nat.; hamlet on W. 16 m. N. of Iba. coast of Antique, Panay, 1 m. N. of Nalupa BANÍAN (bah-need-ahn). ver.. hamlet on 1. bank Nuevo. of Abalan Riv., in Bohol, 4 m. NE. of Pami- - hamlet of Bulacán, Luzón. nuitan. BANGCASO (bohng-cah-saw), Tag.; village on BANIBAUA (bah-nee-bah'-wah), ver.; hamlet in Manila Bay shore and in Tondo, Manila. Pampanga, Luzón, 9 m. NW. of Bacolor. BANGCULUG (bang-coo-loog'), nat.; hamlet on W. | BANICAÁ (bah-nee-cah-ah'), ver.; river in Panay. coast of Antique, Panay, 2 m. N. of Caritan. BANIG (bah-neeg'), nat.; mountain in central BANGIÁN (bang-yahn'), ver.; mountain in Sámar. Abra, Luzón. BANIGAN (bah-neel-gahn), nat.; point forming BANGINGED (bung-ing'-ed). nat.; village on r. E. head of small bay between Sindangan and bank of Upper Grand Riv. of Mindanao, Kipit or Galera Pts., NW. coast of Mindanao. Cotabato, Mindanao, near boundary of Lanao. - anchorage and point in Mindoro. BANGRASS: hamlet on W. coast of Cebú, Luzón, BANIHARAN (bah-nee-hah'-run), ver.; hamlet in in the pueblo of Barili. Sámar, 12 m. E. of Tarangnán. BANGLAY (ban-gli'), ver.; hamlet in Sámar, 9 m. BANILAD MAYOR and MENOR (bah-nee-lahd' NE. of Basey. mah-yohr'; may-nohr'), Hisp; 2 clusters of rocks in N. channel of approach to Cebú, BANGÓN (bang-'awn), nat.; hamlet in NW. Cebú, Visayas. Sámar I. BANINGAN (bah-ning'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in Ben- - hamlet on SW. coast of Sámar, 2 m. across guet, Luzón, 3 m. SW. of Trinidad. Pop., 379. peninsula on N. side of mouth of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv. BANISAN (bah-neel-sahn), ver.; town of Sulu I., Sulu A., on SW. shore, N. of Bunga Pt., 11 m. - river entering on SW. shore of Bancul Bay, SW. of Sulu. extreme NE, coast of Iloilo, Panay, BANISILAN (bah-nee-seel-lahn), nat.; point and - hamlet in Samar, 4 m. NW. of Santa Rita. hill on W. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, S. of - mountain in Sámar, 13 m. NE. of Basey. Polloc Harbor. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 329 BANISITAN (bah-nee-seel-tahn), nat.; river emp- | BANSA (bahn-sah'), nat.; hamlet on W. shore of tying on E. shore of Misamis port, E. of Pala- Sulu I., Sulu A., 3 m. SW, of Sulu. lagoya Pt., Misamis, Mindanao. - mountain in Lepanto, Luzon. BANISON (bah-nee-sohn'), ver.; hamlet in Suri BANTÁ (BANLÁ) (bahn-tah', bahn-lah'), ver.; gao, Mindanao, SW. of Cáuit Pt., 62 m. SE. of town on peninsula of which point of same Surigao. name is seaward extremity and which forms BANKAO BANKAO (bahn-cow-bahn-cow'), ver.; NE. coast of large bay to S., NE. coast of bay on extreme NE. shore of Sibuguey Bay, Polillo, off coast of Infanta, Luzón. Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao. - point at sea end of tongue of land forming E. end of N. coast of Polillo I., off Infanta, - BANKAWAN (bahn-cah-wahn),ver.; largest island Luzón. (123 ft. high) of St. Michael grp., Sulu Sea, m. long, 6 m. NE. by N. of Manuk Manká I. BANTAC (bahn-tack'), nat.; town of Ilocos Norte, Luzon, on coast highway 10 m. S. of Laoag, BANKORAN (BANCORAN) (bahn-coh'-run). ver.; Pop., 17,625. flat wooded islet 140 ft. high, of St. Michael (BOTAC); islet of Calamianes grp., 3 m. N. grp., Sulu Sea, 22 m. NE. of Manuk Manká I. and S. and 800 ft. high, 11 m. E. of Coconongon Lat. 7° 57' N., lon. 118° 40' E., intersect about Pt., Busuanga I., in Mindoro Strait, and fairly center. well cultivated. At its N. end are singular BANKUNGAN (bahn-cuong-ahn), ver.; island I pin-shaped rocks. sq. m., off Igasan Pt., S.shore of Sulu I., Sulu A. BANTAI (bun-tie'), nat.; village at mouth of - triangular island, 112 ft. high, off NE. coast Damabalasan tributary of Bacat Riy., Cota- of Sulu I., Sulu A., affording shelter to anchor bato, Mindanao. age of town of Bun Bun on mainland. To BANTANGAN (bahn-tang'-ahn), nat.; hamlet on E., 1 m., lies island of Pangana. SW. coast of Mindanao. (See Batangan.) BANLÁ (bahn-lah'), ver.; point and town at - hamlet on W. shore of entrance to Sorsogon extreme E. end of peninsula, on NE. shore of port, Sorsogon, Luzón. Polillo I., off Infanta, Luzón. BANTARANAN (bahn-tah-rah'-nun), ver.; one of BANLAO (bahn-lah'oo), ver.; former Spanish set numerous islands off N. coast of Ambos tlement on extreme SE. shore of Malampaya Camarines, Luzón. Sound, Palawan, 64 m. from Pancol, and 85 m. BANTAYÁN (bahn-tah-yahn'), nat.; island in N. NE. of Puerto Princesa. Bay islet is in front, entrance to Strait of Tañón between Cebu about 1 m. off shore. River enters sound near and Negros; is surrounded by numerous Bush Head, 3 m. S. of this town. smaller islands and rocks. BANLAYAN (bahn-lah'yahn); hamlet on N. coast of Sámar, 4 m. E. of Mondragón. BANTÁS (bahn-tass'), ver.; mountain in Bohol, Visayas. BANLID (bahn-lid'). ver.; pueblo on l. bank of Maasín Riy., 6 m. NE. of Maasin, Leyte. BANTAY (bahn-tie'), nat.; pueblo on r. bank of N. - mountain in Leyte. outlet of Abra Riv., opposite (tm.) Vigan, in Ilocos Sur, Luzon, at crossing of coast high- BANLIG; pueblo in Palawan. Pop., 2,032. way. Pop., 1899, 6,449. BANNÁ (bahn-nah'), ver.; pueblo on 1. bank of - hamlet on E. shore of Albay, Luzon, S. of Grande de Laoag Riv., in Ilocos Norte, Luzón, Barcelona. in foothills of Semeneblen Mt., 12 m. SE. of - hamlet on NE. shore of Ticao Bay at Tasi- Laoag. Pop, pueblo, 4,112. ran Pt., Ticao. BANOD, or GAZÁN (bah-nod, gah'-sun') ver.; - town on NE. coast of Tablas I., Visayas, on inlet at S. end of Tambolotan Bay. point. (See Gazán Pt., Marinduque I.) - NW. and SE. of Panay port, E. coast of Mas- BANOG (bah-nohg'), nat., barren island off N. bate I., Visayas. coast of Marinduque, NE. of similar island BANTAYÁN (bahn-tah-vahn'), nat.: island 10 m. called Tampán. N. and S., 64 m. E. and W., at N. entrance to BANOG (ULUGAN) (bah-nog', oo-loo'gahn), ver.; Strait of Tañón, 9 m. off W. coast of Cebu at native name of Ulugan Bay, on NW. coast of Medellín and 20 m. NE. of Negros, 40 m. E. of Palawan. mainland of Panay, and 59 m. N. of Cebu - central of number of summit in low range town; consists of low range of mountains of hills which begins at N. end and extends along E. shore; Bantayán is chief port on S. through peninsula of Ulugan, W. coast of island. Numerous shoalsencumber broad sea Palawan. channel between this island and Negros on S. and Panay on W., entering Guimarás and BANOGBOG (bah-nog-bog), nat.; river of Ambos Iloilo straits from NE. An islet off this Camarines (Norte), Luzón, rising in moun- island is inhabited entirely by lepers. Pop., tains in center of province, receives various tributaries, and empties into sea near pueblo pueblo, 1899, 10,016. of Capalonga. - pueblo on NW. coast of Cebu, 3 m. SW. of BAÑOLAS (bah-nyoh'lahs), Sp.; pueblo on Dávao Daan-Bantayan. (See Paypay.) Pop., 13,898. Gulf, W. shore, Dávao, Mindanao, 9m. SSW. -- stream entering mouth of Orás Riv., in of Davao. Samar. BANÓN (bah-nohn'); islet 2 m. off NW. coast of - hamlet on N. side of entrance to Sorsogon Bohol, Visayas, 6 m. NE. of Tubigón. port, Sorsogon, Luzón. - peak 531 ft. high on S. shore of Carogo or BAÑOS (bah'-nyohs), sp.; point 77 ft. high and Puro I., in Nin Bay, Sw. coast of Masbate, peaked, on SE. coast of Davao Mindanao, S. Visayas. of Calian Pt. BANTIGIA (bahn-tee-hee'-ah), ver.; hamlet on mineral spring and mountain in Laguna, W. shore of bay on S. shore of Leyte, 2 m. SW. Luzón. of Quiot. - Los, a pueblo in Laguna, Luzón. Pop., BANTIGUI (bahn-tee'-gee), nat.; islet of Gigantes 2,753. See Los Baños. cluster, 131 m. off extreme NE. point of Bula- BANOT (bah-naught'), ver.; cluster of 4 islets off caue, Panay. N. shore of Marinduque I. - point on E. shore of Sógod Bay, in Leyte. BANQUIL (bahn-kill') ver.; hamlet on W. coast - point in Batangas, Luzon. of Sámar, 3 m. W. of Villarreal. BANTIQUE (babn-tee'-kay), nat.; village and - point on W. shore of Sámar, opposite Lin- point on SE. shore of approach to Panalatuan tarcán Pt., S. end of island of that name. port, SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. BANRELL (bun-rell'), nat.; hamlet of Ilocos Sur, - W entrance point to Sorsogon port, Sorso- Luzon. gón, Luzón. 330 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BANTIQUE, or CANDAGA (bahn-teel-kay, cahn- | BAO; point in Tayabas. dah-gah), ver.; point on extreme NW. coast | BÁOANG (bah'-wang), nat.; point (Bá uang) and of Cebú, 1 m. N. of Daan-Bantayán, and 44 m. from Bulalaqui Pt. Town of Candaga lies S. nando. by E. of Bantique Pt. BAOBAON (bah-oh-bah-ohn), ver.; point in Min- BANTIQUI (bahn-tee'-key), nat.; point on W.shore danao. of Pagbilao Bay, S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, BAODICAY (bah-oh-dee-ki'), ver.; river in Leyte. opposite Pagbilao Grande. BAONÁS (bah-oh-nass'), ver.; hamlet in Bohol, Visayas, 8; m. N. of E. of Loón. coast of Camiguin I., N. of Misamis, Min- BAONG (bah-ong'), ver.; mountain in Samar, 14 danao. - point on Coloconto Bay (q. v.). BAPAG (bah-pahg'), ver.; small tributary of Ulut BANTOL (bahn-tall'), ver.; hamlet among S. trib- Riy., Sámar. utaries of Sibalom Riv., Antique, Panay, 6 m. BAQUIN, or BANG-INANG (bah'-keen, bahng-ee- S. of E. of Sibalom. nahng'), ver.; hamlet of Bontoc, Luzón, sit- - hamlet on NE. shore of Negros Occidental, uated immediately within boundary with 6 m. SE. of Arguelles. Lepanto, 4 m. S. of Bontoc. Pop., 144. BANTOLINAO (bahn-toh-lee-now'), nat.; point on N. end of Mactan I. and E. head to N. en- BÁQUIT (bah'-kit), nat.; peak 1,500 ft. high on trance to strait between Cebú and Mactan I. NW. coast of Palawan and part of elevations and to port of Cebú. Fixed red light, lat. 100 which begin on W. side of Palawan at Tapiu- 20' N., lon. 123° 58' E., 39 ft. high, tower 25 tan and Cauayan Is. ft., visible 7m., is situated NW.of point. | BÁQUIT, or BACUIT (bah'-kit, bah-kweet'); town -- mountain in Cápiz, Panay, near Antique on main shore 2. m. NNE. of NE. head of boundary, midway between Buruanga, on W. Báquit Bay, NW. coast of Palawan, 109 m. and Navas, 6 m. to NE. on coast. NNE. of Puerto Princesa. Deserted town of -- mountain in Leyte. this name stood on extreme SE. shore of bay. BANTÓN (bahn-tohn'), nat.; island 5 by 4 m. area, BÁQUIT, or BÁKIT (bah'-kit); bay 9 by 3 m. on 16 m. S. of Marinduque, 37 m. E. of Mindoro, NW. coast of Palawan, formed by limestone 1,918 ft. high, peaked and rugged; has several shallow bays. On NE. coast is village of same 1,500 ft. high. There are several islands in name, near which is anchorage for coasters bay. Báquit town is on NE. shore; old town in 30 ft. Bantoncillo Islet is SW. It is about stood on extreme SE. shore. center of Visayan Sea and in course of ves- - island on N. side of Port Uson, about 1 sels passing between Manila and Visayan Is. m. NW. to SE., stretching along entire S. by Verde Passage, being SE. of that passage front of Dipulao port, leaving but narrow en- and about mid-channel between Marinduque trance channel at either end, s, coast of Bu- and Tablas Is. suanga I., Calamianes grp. - pueblo on island of that name near island BARÁ (bah-rah'), ver.; point on S. side of bay on which is situated Hernani, E. coast of Sámar. - hamlet on NE. shore of Bantón I. and on BARABACÁCAY (bah-rah-bah-cah-ki), ver.; ham- course of vessels passing on N. side between let on N. shore of extreme NW. projection of Manila and Visayan Is. Sámar. - mountain in same island. BARABAD (bah-rah-bud'), ver.; river falling into BANTONCILLO (bahn-tohn-thee' - lyoh), hisp.; islet 256 ft. high 3 m. SW. from Bantón I. lofty elevations of Usigan Mt. (q. v.). Is m. N. and S. and very narrow. Off its S. end is pinnacle rock. BARABOD (bah-rah-bod'). ver.; hamlet on NW. tributary to Bac-hao Bangahón Riv. in cen- BANTOO (bahn-toh-oh'), ver.; hamlet on E. sea- tral Sámar. coast of Albay, Luzón, 34 m. SE. of Albay. BARACBAC (bah-ruck-buck'), nat.; hamlet of BANTUIGUIN (bun-tweel-geen), nat.; point on E. Ilocos Sur, Luzón. coast of Cebú. BARAGON (bah-rah-gone'), ver.; hamlet on W. BANTUÍN (bahn-too-in'), ver.; point on Ragay shore of Sámar. Gulf, coast of Ambos Camarines, Luzón. (See BARAHÓN (bah-rah-hohn'), nat.; village on SW. Galvaney.) shore of Calicoan I., off extreme SE. coast of - mountain in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon, part of system of mountains in proy- BARALLAGAL (bah-rah-lyah-gull!), mountain ince extending from NW. to SE, and whose in Ilocos Sur, Luzón. Ragay Gulf. BARANÍN (bah-rah-nin'), ver.; islet 5 m. NNW. of Cuyo, Cuyos I. BANTULAN (bun-too'-lahn), nat.; hamlet near Taytay, Palawan I. BARAOAS (bah-rah'-wahs), ver.; town in Am- burayan, Ilocos Sur, Luzon, having popu- point on NW. coast of Guimarás I., off lation, pueblo, 1896, 105. Iloilo, Panay. BARAPDABAN (bah-rup-dah-bahn'), ver.; point BANTULAN (bahn-too'-lahn); point on NW. coast of SE. coast of Homonhón I., S. of Sámar. of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay. BANTULINAO, or BANTULIN (bahn-too-lee-now', BARARÁ (bah-rah-rah'), ver.; point on NE. shore bahn-too-leen'), ver.; point on E.coast of Cebú, BARAS (bah-rus'), nat.; pueblo in Rizal, Luzón, Pt. on main road, 24 m. E. of Mórong. Pop., BANUG (bah-noog'), nat.; point on SE. shore of pueblo, 1896, 1,217. Carigara Bay, N. coast of Leyte. - port on SE, shore of Catanduanes I., Luzón. Difficult of entrance. BANUTO (bah-noo'-toh), ver.; mountain in cen- - extreme NW. point of Daram I., off w. tral range of Leyte, 8 m. NE. of Baybay. coast of Sámar. BANYAO (bahn-yah'-00), ver.; largest and w. of - hamlet on small inlet on NE. shore of cluster of islands of Balanguingui grp., SuJu A. Illana Bay, in Cotabato, Mindanao. It is BAO (bah'-oh), nat.; river rising in W.coast range fronted by Ibus I. of Leyte and flowing S., entering sea at Ormoc. --S. point of entrance to anchorage of Guiuan (See Jaloban.) in extreme SE. Sámar. WTBFAST CHIST LITZ PORT BARRERA THE NORRIS PETERS CO PHOTO-UITHO WASHINGTON, DC S Doc 280.57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 331 BARÁS; hamlet on extreme SW. coast of Sámar, BARÍS (bah-rees'), nat.; point on SE. shore Libás 5 m. SE. of Guiuan. port, E. coast of Sámar. - village and point on NW. coast of Calicóan - point on S. shore of Rapu Rapu I., off coast I. and S. head of W. entrance to narrow chan of Albay, Luzón. nel which separates that island from extreme BARIU (bah'-ree-00): smallest, 4 m. by 3 m., and SE. coast of Sámar, Visayas. westernmost of islands of Balicuatro grp., 3. BARASOAIN (bah-rah-swah'-inn), Tag.; pueblo m. NE. of Balicuatro Pt., NW. of Sámar. Bulacán, Luzón, 6 m. NW. of Bulacán, 37 m. - hamlet in Panay on r. bank of Sinarugan w of the Manila and Dagupan Railroad. Riv., Antique, 6 m. N. of E. of Anini-y. Pop., pueblo, 1896, 9,675. BARIUÓN (bah-ree-wohn'), ver.; hamlet in Samar BARAT (bah-rat'), nat.: river in central Luzon. 5 m. NE. by N. of Basey. BARAUAN (bah-rah'-wahn), ver.; river in Leyte, BARLIG (bar-lig'), ver.; hamlet of Bontoc, Luzon, rises S. of the Dagami Mt. and empties at in one of spurs of Mayoyao Mts. and at spring, town of same name. of tributary of Sibug branch of Grande de BARAYAN (bah-rah'-yan), ver.; hill s. of Cagsa Cagayán Riv., 16 m. E. of Bontoc. Pop., 439. cala hill in great bend of Matinao Riv., BARNATAGAN (bahr-nah-tah-gahn), tag.; moun- Sámar. tain in Nueva Ecija, Luzon, forms one of spurs - river emptying into sea on NW. coast of of coast range on E. side. Sámar. BAROANGA (bah-rwang'-ah), ver.; town in BARAYON (bah-rah'-yawn), ver.; point on ex- Panay, treme SW. shore of Albay, Luzón, BAROÁS (bah-rwahs'), nat.; pueblo in Ambu- BARBACÁN (bar-bah-cahn'), Sp.; hamlet on r. rayan, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. bank, m. above mouth of river of that name BAROBAYBAY (bah-raw-by-by'), ver.; hamlet on on E. coast of Palawan, 61 m. NE. of Puerto NW. shore of Sámar. Princesa. - hamlet on NW. shore of Quinamaligan I. - hamlet of pueblo of Dumarang, off NE. of Balicuatro grp., Sámar. coast of Palawan. BAROBODIANGAN (KININABAGARAN) (bah-raw- - range of mountains close to E. coast of beau-dyang'-ahn, kee-nee-nah-bah-gah'- Palawan and within which rises higher range rahn),ver.; point on NW. shore of Sámar, op- with double peaks and long flat spurs. Far posite Dalupiri I. ther SW. 4 peaks on Cleopatra Range show BAROBOLÓN (bah-raw-beau lawn'), ver.; hamlet over comparatively low, conical-shaped hills in SW. Sámar, 9 m. NE. of Basey. which terminate bold peak chain. BAROC (bah-rock'), ver.; hamlet in Leyte, 4 m. - river on E. coast of Palawan emptying E. of Ormoc. into sea, 5 m. NE. of Cliff Pt. BAROTAC NUEVO (bah-roh-tack! nway-lyoh), - point on E. coast of Palawan, 7 m. N. of Hisp.; pueblo 1. bank of Jalaur Riv. in outlet of Barbacán Riv. Iloilo, Panay, 14 m. NNE. of Iloilo. Pop., BARBARIT (bahr-bah-rit), nat.; pueblo in Am pueblo, 11,805. burayan, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. Pop., pueblo, BAROTAC VIEJO (bah-roh-tack' vyay'-hoh), 1898, 196. Hisp.; pueblo bay at mouth of river on SE. BARBAZA (bar-bah'-thah). Sp.; pueblo W. coast coast of Iloilo, Panay, NE. by N. of Iloilo, 28 of Antique, Panay, 32 m. N. of San José de m. Boats can ascend river to town at high Buenavista. Pop., pueblo, 1896, 4,828. water, Pop., pueblo, 5,590. BARCELONA (bar-thay-law'-nah), Sp.; pueblo -- river in Panay. r. bank of river entering bay s. of Dapi- BAROY (bah-roy'), nat.; point on SE. shore of tan, N. coast of Mindanao Misamis, 81 m. s. Panguil Bay, SW. end of Misamis port, of Dapitan. (See Blanca Pt.) Misamis, Mindanao. - town on E. seacoast of Sorsogon, Luzón, BARRA DE TAAL (bah'-rrah day tah-ahl'), Hisp., 33 m. SE. of Albay. Pop., pueblo, 1,567. on Balayán Bay, mouth of Pansipil Riv., BARCELONETA (bar-thay-law-nay'-tah), Sp.; i Batangas, Luzón. hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 1 m. NE. of Anilao. BARRACA (bah-rrah'-cah), sp.; hamlet in Pan- BARI (bah'-ree), ver.; island 1 sq. m. in area and gasinan, Luzon. 11 m. off extreme sw. point of Fuga I., and, with it, forming an anchorage in Babuyanes BARRACAS DE LA PAGODA (bah-rrah'-cahs day grp. (See Musa Bay.) lah pah-gaw-dah), Sp.; mountain in island of Palawan. - point in Leyte. BARRANCA COLORADA (bah-rrun'-cah coh-law- BARIGB: river entering on S. shore of Libás port, rah'-dah), Sp.; flat-topped, reddish-colored E. coast of Samar, 1 m. W. of San Julián. hill near Capones Pt., Zambales, Luzón. BARIJAN (bar-ree'-hun), Tag., hamlet in Bula- -point on W. coast of Zambales, Luzón, at cán, Luzon, 6 m. NW. of Bulacán. extreme W. end of hill of that name. BARILI (bah-ree'-lee), ver.; river rising in Bina- BARRANCO (bah-rrun'-coh), Sp.; river entering guiojan Mt., of Cordillera Central, and empty- E. of Mati on N. shore of Pujada Bay, SE. ing into Tañón Strait, W. coast of Cebu, at coast of Davao, Mindanao. town of Barili. It is į m. wide at its mouth, but has only 2 feet of water on bar. | BARREIRO (bah-rray'-roh), Sp.; hamlet of Moros in Misamis, Mindanao. - pueblo on 1. bank of river of that name, m. wide and im. from its mouth in Tañón BARREA, lor.; island oil NE. coast of Palawan. Strait, W. coast of Cebú, 27 m. W. of Cebú. (See Paly I.) Pop., pueblo, 20,914. BARRERA (bah-rray'-rah), Sp.; large port or bay BARIN (bah'-reen); one of Balicuatro Is.. off N. on NE. shore of Masbate I., Visayas. coast of Sámar, parallel and close to Biri: BARTOLINO (bahr-toh-leel-noh), Sp.; mountain passage is navigable by ships of any size, but in SE. part of Batangas, Luzon, which comes has no anchorage. down to coast forming Malabrigo Pt., which is BARING (bah-ring'), ver.; mountain inland from most s. of province. High Pt., on E. coast of Palawan, 51 m. N. BARTON, for.; head on W. coast of Palawan, be- of High Pt. near Ilian, where lowland rises to tween Table and Bluff Pts. ranges attaining elevation of 2,100 ft. at this - lat. 10° 29' N., lon. 119° 5' E. at Bubon Pt. point. Bay 5, m. deep between Riddle and Bubón BARIO (bah'-ree-oo), ver.; mountain in central pts.on NW. coast of Palawan. Several Leyte, 4 m. S. of Jaro. streams enter bay. 332 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BARTON; point at SW. extremity of Dumaran I., | BAS-BÁS (bass-bass') ver.; small island, 63 ft. high, off Palawan, at entrance to Cook channel. covered with trees, in S. central waters of BARUANGA (bah-rwahng'-ah), nat.; hamlet in Pangutárang grp., Sulu A., 21 m. SSW. of province of Cápiz, Panay. Curilan I. BARUBARAGNÁ (bah-roo-bah-rug-nah'), nat.; - channel, 2, m. long and m. wide, between Bas-Bás I. to E. and NW. extremity of Tawi islet in inner entrance to Sorsogon port, Sor- Tawi and Tabulunga Is., Sulu A., with depth sogón, Luzón, off Saclayan Pt. 16 ft. In N. part is sheltered anchorage for BARUG (bah-roog'). nat., hamlet in province of vessels of all sizes. Pangasinan, Luzón. Enjoys fine climate. - island, surrounded by cluster of islets and BARUGO (bah-roof-gaw), ver.; pueblo N. shore rocks, 248 ft. high, off NE. shore of Tawi Tawi of Leyte, 18 m. NW. of Tacloban. Pop., I., Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. pueblo, 12,322. BAS-BÁS (BUS-BÚS) (bass-bass', boos-boos'), - village on SE. shore of Carigara Bay, N. nat.; S. point of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. coast of Leyte. - E. point to Butag Bay on Sw. shore of BASDÍO (bus-dew'), ver.; hamlet on E. shore of Bay of Guindulman, 3 m. distant in Bohol, Albay, Luzón. Visayas. - river in Leyte; flows across pueblo and BASE, for; bay on extreme NW. coast of Pala- empties into sea beyond pueblo of same name. wan, overlooked by North Hill. BARUGÚAN (bah-roo-goo'-ahn), nat.; island on Leyte, shore of San Juanico Strait, at mouth BASEY (bah-say'), nat.; river emptying on SW. of river of same name. coast of Sámar, 5 m. E. by N. of eastern - river of Leyte entering San Juanico Strait entrance to San Juanico Strait. opposite island of same name. - pueblo N. shore of San Pedro Bay in BARULLÉN (bah-roo-lyayn'), ver.; river empty- Sámar, 4 m. E. of E. entrance to San Juanico ing into sea on NW. coast of Ilocos Norte, Strait and 35 m. SE. of Catbalogan. Pop., Luzón. pueblo, 1896, 13,756. BARUNO (bah-roo'-noh). ver.; hamlet on 1. bank largest island of Batanes grp. (See Batán I.) of Lagonoy Riv., near its mouth, in Albay, - river, port, and mountain in Sámar. Luzón, 36 m. N. of Albay. BASIANAN (bah-syah'-nun), ver.; bay on SW. BARURO (bah-roo'-raw), ver.; small river empty coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, 37 m. NW. by ing into sea in Unión, Luzón. N. of Polo Pt. BARUYAN (bah-roo'-yahn), ver.; river entering BASIAO (bah-see-ah'-00), nat.; mountain in SE. sea channel between Mindoro and Batangas, part of Lapinin Grande I., NE. of Bohol. Luzón, 20 m. NW. of Calapán. - inlet E. shore Laguimanoc Bay, S. coast BARY (bah-ree'), ver.; extreme E. head of Gulf Tayabas, Luzón. of Asid, on S. coast of Masbate I., opposite - point at inner entrance to Laguimanoc Pulanauta Pt., 38 m. SW. by W., forming W. Bay, S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. head. BASIÁUANG (bah-syah'-wang), ver.; small bay BARY CHICO (bah-ree' chee-coh), Hisp.; point in and point on SW. shore of Cotabato, Minda- Masbate I., Visayas. nao, affording after Port Lebak best shelter BASAC (bah'-suck), nat.; hamlet of Negros on this coast in all weathers. Small creek Oriental, 8 m. N. of Guijulugan, E. coast. enters bay on N. side of remarkable hill con- BASAO (bah-sah-'00). ver.; hamlet of Lepanto, nected with mainland by low mangrove- Luzón, at head waters of Abra Riv., in W. covered neck. summits of Grand Cordillera Central near BASIBULI (bah-see-boo'-lee), ver.; islet S. of Tawi boundary with Bontoc, 7 m. N. of Cayán. Tawi I., Sulu A., near Banaran I. Pop., 660. - channel of W. of Bosibuci, in Tawi Tawi BASAS (bah'-sahs), Sp., hamlet 5 m, NW. of La- grp., Sulu A. nao Lake, Misamis, Mindanao. BASAY (bah-sigh), ver.; river and hamlet at its BASIC (bah-sick'), ver.; island in chain stretch- mouth, SW. coast of Negros Oriental, 12 m. ing across Bay of Islands, E. coast of Palawan. W. of Bayauan. BASIGAJÓN (bah-see-gah-hohn'), ver.; extreme BASAYAN (bah-sah'-yahn), ver.; small stream NW. point Siquijor I., 5 m. W. of Siquijor; entering Strait of Tañón, 10 m. S. of Remigio, is E. headland of narrowest part of sea chan- W. coast of Cebú. nel between Siquijor and Negros. BASILAN (GROUP), SOUTH OF ZAMBOANGA, MINDANAO. (Bah-see'-lahn, ver.) Capital: Isabela (de Basilan), lat. 6° 40' N., lon. 121° 56' E. Area: Basilan, 304 sq. m.; 56 dependent islands, 50 sq. m.; total, 354 sq. m. Race: Moro. Language: Moro. Population: estimated 1901, 8,000. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. Table of distances. From Isabela to Manila, N. by W... Sulu, SW... Zamboanga, N.. m . 00B LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The group of islands known as Basilan and constituting a district of Mindanao, during the jurisdiction of Spain, lies off the extreme S. coast of the peninsula of Zamboanga from which it is separated by the Strait of Basilan, 10 m. in width; on au ISABELA, BASILAN ISLAND, SOUTH OF ZAMBOANGA, MINDANAO. The castle, the plans of which received a prize at the Philadelphia Exposition. UNITED STATES NAVAL HOSPITAL, ISABELA, BASILAN ISLAND, SOUTH OF ZAMBOANGA, MINDANAO. GROUP OF MORO YACANES OF BASILAN ISLAND, SOUTH OF ZAMBOANGA, MINDANAO. Playing on the culitangan, a musical instrument peculiar to the Moros. MORO OF BASILAN ISLAND, SOUTH OF ZAMBOANGA, MINDANAO, WITH BOLO AND CRIS. The same type is found throughout the Sulú Archipelago. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 333 MINDANAO 1. BASIAUANG BAY Stoveyed by D. Ius Angosto Ersign, Royal Spanul. Nowy, 1814 Nach Pf Donauang I. Lat. 6:28:60 X-Long 723:58:22'E. P. Basiakang 26 Donauang 1.1 26 25 26 10 VARIATION...... ...15 E. (902) NEARLY.......... 1.STATIONARY PDond Nautical Mile 334 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. the E. is the Célebes Sea; on the S. Balanguingui, the NE. of the groups of the Sulu Archipelago; and on the W. the Sulu Sea; lat. 6°32 N. and lon. 122° E. intersects near the center of Basilan I. Basilan and its adjacent islands at one time were regarded as a province of Sulu, but subsequently under a more satisfactory arrange- ment were made a district of Mindanao. AREA. The group covers a sea surface extending from 6° 15' 30% N. to 6° 45' N., and lon. 121° 19E. to 122° 25' E., or 292 m. N. and S. and 66 m. E. and W., or 1,947 sq. m. Land area, Basilan, 304 sq. m.; 56 dependent islands, 50 sq. m.; total, 354 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The larger islands are volcanic, and high and salubrious in climate. The chief summit, rising out of the center of Basilan I., has an elevation of 3,348 ft. The smaller islands are generally superimposed upon foundations of coral. The rivers dry during the remainder of the year. The Pasagan Riv., a small stream of good water, enters the port of Isabela, near the naval station. BAYS AND HARBORS. Navigation among these islands presents no difficulty, the water being clear, the bottom is visible at a depth from 8 to 10 fms. The weather is generally fine and vessels can anchor anywhere along the coast on coral bottom. The following are the bays and harbors. Isabela; a roadstead between the islands of Malamaui and Lampinitan, with 6 to 16 fms. The town of that name is on the channel between the former island and the mainland of Basilan. Malusa; on the W. side of Basilan I. formed by 2 islands, Great and Little Govenen. It has good anchorage. A river enters the head of the bay, the bar of which dries at low water, but within has a depth of 9 ft. wide enough for boats. The natives on the shore have a reputation for piracy. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. With the exception of Malusa, all the villages of the group lie along the channels, course with Zamboanga, Mindanao, across the channel by boat daily. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population estimated at 8,000 and stated at 1,119 by the census, is given by another authority, the church, at 1,421 for 1895. The inhabitants reside almost entirely on the island of Basilan, from which expeditions are conducted to the neigh- boring islands for fishing and the gathering of shells and pearls. In the capital poor Spanish is extensively used. The interior is almost entirely occupied by Moros and friendly. Among the natives of the islands Moro, Sámal, and Moro-Jacan are the is no slavery. There are 500 Filipinos on the island. The following is the return of the population of the only pueblo of Basilan, accord- ing to the census of 1887: Men, 561; women, 397; total, 985. Estimated 1901 for the entire island, 8,000. The following are the towns: Isabela; the capital of the group on the NW. shore of Basilan I., situated on a fine port 4 m. inland, with an average width of about one-half m. and capable of shelter- ing a good-sized fleet. Under Spanish jurisdiction it was a naval station with a dry dock for gunboats, a crane with a capacity for 20 tons, carpenter and iron shops, an iron and bronze foundry, a magazine and machinery worked by steam. On the island of Malamaui was a coaling station with sheds for 2,000 lbs. Also a station for all ships of the naval division of the South Chorrillo. Climate good. A small stream furnishes excellent water, conveyed to the station by an aqueduct since November, 1900. The fort known as Isabel II, 65 ft. above the sea, has bastions at the angles and is GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 335 he NE. shw. shol. Baas, surrounded by a moat. It was designed to dominate the channel, and as a defense against the Moros. There is also a hospital at the mouth of the river Pasajan, in front of the station. The Moros have their own schools and teach the Koran, and largely read and write their own language. Pop., 985. San Pedro; on the NE. shore of Basilan I. Santa Bárbara; on the NW. shore. Nipa Balás; on the N.; Lamitan, Baas, and Ugbung on the E.; Aguada, Amehui, and Govenen on the S.; Libuc and Tatayan on the W. coasts, and Malusa in the cen- ter, are the chief villages. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. NON- The following constitute the islands of this group: Basilan; the largest and name island is 24 m. NW. and S. and 36 m. E. and W. It lies along the S. side of the strait of the same name, and has 23 peaks in its moun- tain system, from 741 to 3,348 ft. high. There are several rivers navigable for a short distance by native boats. The inhabitants were notorious in early days for their piratical enterprises. They are largely engaged in fishing. Area, 304 sq. m. The remaining islands of the group are: sq.m. Balug; one of the Pilas cluster, 525 ft. high........ Bihintinusa; S....... Bilimtinusa; low, wooded, less than 1 m. off S. coast....... Bubuan; off the S. coast, 794 ft. high. Calublú; 22 m. NW.. Caludlud; one of the Pilas cluster.. Calug; one of the Pilas cluster..... Canhuaman; one of the Pilas cluster, SW. Cauluangan; SE... Coco; N... Cujangan (Pilas I.). Culat........ Dasalon (Pilas I.) ... Dauan; W.......... : Govenen; Great and Little. Lahat Lahat .......... Lampinigan; 200 ft. high ... Lanauan; S. Bubuan. It has 2 hills, 218 and 394 ft. high. N. side of the island is inhabited..... Langasmati; 2 islands off the W. coast, 65 ft. high Lanhil; the extreme NE. island, 558 ft. high..... Malamaui; off the capital, Isabela, and forms shelter to the Isabela roads. It is 538 ft. high and is wooded with valuable timber..... Mamanac (Pilas I.).... Mamangat (Pilas I.).. Mataja (Pilas I.).. Minis (Pilas I.)..... Moro; in the W. entrance to Isabela roadstead, 65 ft. high ........ Orejas de Liebre (hare's ears); one of the extreme NW. islands of the group.. Palajangan and Pasig-Posi (Pilas I.)....... Pilas; a cluster of islands 10 m. off the extreme W. point of Basilan.... Pilas; the main island of the cluster and the largest of the islands near Basilan; on the N. are 2 hills 522 and 918 ft. high; on the W. side are several small islands with good anchorages, espe- cially on the NW. of Pilas, 5 fms. depth..... Salkulkit....... Salipín; off extreme S. point of Basilan.... Sangbois; cluster; 2 islands 841 and 585 ft. high, which serve as landmarks for navigators when the summits of Basilan are obscured by clouds; they lie 21 m. NW. of Basilan and occupy the center of a chain of 5 islands from NE. to SW. Satioldgit (Saleulasit)...... Sibago; the easternmost of the group, 735 ft. high.. Tagutu (Pilas I.)............ Taicalá; W. of Malusa Bay, Basilan ....... Talón Pisá; the most S. of the group .............. Tamic; 180 ft. high, off SW. coast....... Tapian Tana; cluster of 4 islands lying 6) m. S. of extreme S. point of Basilan; on its W. side is a hill 938 ft. high; the W. side is inhabited.. Teinga; the NW. of the group.... Teinga Lacit.. Teingolan; W. of Malusa Bay. Tiepono..... Tumajuban.. Tiguilabun .... Timbungan.. Total-dependent Islands, 57; area. 354) Odel....... ..... .... YOLL OLDUSA .............. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The agricultural pursuits consist chiefly in raising rice, sugar cane, coffee, cocoa, cotton, corn, hemp, and tobacco for domestic use, and are confined almost entirely to the principal island, 336 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MINERALS. The interior being but little explored, no indications of mineral wealth are report- ed in Basilan. FORESTS. The larger islands are well wooded. In Basilan are fine forests of valuable woods. The timber on the island of Malamaui is superior to that of the other islands, con- sisting of molave, a hard yellow wood resembling pine, palo maría or briganhal (one of the guttiferæ or gamboge family), and poon. Much lumber is cut by the natives. FRUITS. Mangosteens, sapotes, oranges, bananas, and other fruits of the latitude flourish in Basilan. INDUSTRIES. The chief occupation of the people (Moros) is fishing. A little weaving of hemp and cotton, by primitive methods, is carried on for domestic use. Lumber, mostly cheap, is shipped to Manila and Zamboanga. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. There are no military posts in this group, the island being a United States naval station and is garrisoned by United States marines. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The "provincial government act” has not been extended to this group. The dato does not admit vassalage to the Sultan of Sulu nor of Mindanao. The people of Isabela BASILAN-Continued. clear that bottom can be seen from 48 to 60 ft. Inhabitants, numbering 8,000 (estimated), BASILAN (bah-see'-lahn), ver.; largest and name island of the Basilan grp., lat. 6° 32' N. and lon. 1220 E. intersect immediately E. of its loftiest peak; is 36 m. E. and W. and 24 m. N. and S., extreme distances, or about 304 sq. m. Lies along S. side of Basilan Strait, which separates it from extreme S. end of Zamboanga Peninsula of Mindanao, and NE. of Sulu I. 49 m., numerous islands and islets of Balanguingui grp. intervening. Phy- sical aspects of island present charming diver- sity of forest-clad mountain summits and fertile valleys and plains. There are 23 dis- tinct peaks, highest in center of island being 3,348 ft.; another 6 m. SW., end of small in- terior range, being 2,970 ft.; another N. 1,811 ft. In extreme E. end of island, overlooking as of other islands of Sulu A., which partakes more of Philippine than Malay character. There is also an intermixture of Visayan. Owing to convenient estuaries on coast and advantages of situation in early days of com- mercial enterprise in these waters, Basilan was notorious for thieves and pirates. They were boldest and fiercest of archipelago. So daring had become their operations that in 1848 Spanish Government took possession and established garrison on island and annexed it to Zamboanga, Mindanao. Chief pueblo of island and capital of group is Isabela de Basilan, on NW. shore of island, with popu- lation of 1,300, 1896. - strait 8 m. wide and 24 m. long between Zamboanga, extreme SW. of peninsula of Mindanao, and N. point of Basilan I., con- which not only forms conspicuous headland of approach on S. side of Celebes Sea entrance to Basilan Strait, but is landmark at great distance to navigators heading N. from Java through strait of Macassar, across Célebes Sea, into Sulu Sea, and thence into China Sea to Manila or ports of China. This same mountain series at narrowest point of Basilan Strait fur- nishes another important landmark to navi- gation along route described, in peak 741 ft. high, immediately on N. point of island. On extreme W. point is another landmark 942 ft. high. Shores of island are low, wooded, and girt by sand and coral débris 50 to 100 yds. wide, sometimes covered at high tides and forming mangrove swamps. There are several rivers with wide mouths and accessi- ble by boats at high water, but a few miles inside suddenly diminish to rivulets, flowing among rocks and obstructed by fallen trees. Climate is generally good and coast clear of dangers, so that navigation around island is not subject to usual dangers. Water is so Is. and banks on Mindanao side divide it into 2 deep channels, both equally naviga- ble. N. channel, although narrowest, is pre- ferred by sailing vessels as affording advan- tages of anchoring in calm without being carried away by current. - NW. peak of island of that name, 942 ft. high, on W. shore S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. BASING (bah-seeing!). nat.: cascade emptying on E, side of Casul Bay, N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. BASÍRANG (bah-see-rung), nat.; point and creek W. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Minda- nao, 24 m. W. of Misamis. BASKO (bahs'-coh), nat.; island in entrance to S. arm of Grande Riv, of Mindanao, Cota- GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 337 BASLAI (bus-lie'), nat.; island off Dumunig Pt., | BASSA (bah'-sah), ver.; point at NW. extreme of E. head to Cataingan port, SE. shore of Sámal I. and E. head at N. entrance to Paki- Masbate I., Visayas. putan Strait connecting N. waters and W. BASOD (bah-saud'). ver.; town in Ambos Cama- arm of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao. rines, Luzón, on main road, 24 m. SSW. of BASUD (bah-sood'), nat.; pueblo in Ambos Cama- Dáet. Pop., 1,874. rines (Norte), Luzón. Pop., 1896, 1,608. BASOL (bah-saul'), ver.; island lying 3 m. NE. BASÚN (bah-soon'), ver.: channel among islands by E. * E. of Bilan Pt. and in S. passage of Nusa Lakit, Nusa Takbú A. and Basún, off N. Surigao Strait, between extreme N. coast of coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. Mindanao and offlying islands to SW. of -2 wooded islands, 4 m, W. of Nusa Is., off N. Dinagat I. shore of Tawi Tawi, Sulu A. BASOT (bah-sought'), ver.; island E. of Lahuy I., BASUNHAY (bah-soon-high'), nat.; hamlet on W. N. of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. cost of Negros Occidental. DATAÁN, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Bah-tah-ahn', Tag.) Capital: Balanga, lat. 14° 21', lon. 120° 33'. Area: 434 sq. m.; 6 dependent islands, 2 sq. m.; total, 436 sq. m. Population: 50,761, estimated, 1901. Race: Tagálog. Language: Mostly Tagalog, although some Pampango is spoken. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Balanga to- Manila, ESE... Iba, NNW... Lingayen N. (Gulf of Lingayen)..... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Bataan forms the extreme SW. part of N. Luzon. It is bounded on the N. by Zambales, on the E. for a distance of 8 m. by Pampanga, and thence by the W. waters of Manila Bay, on the S. by the Boca Chica entrance to Manila Bay, and on the W. by the China Sea. AREA. The province is a peninsula, projecting from its N. boundary to its extreme S. point a distance of 37 m. NW. to SE., and from E. to W.21 m. between the waters of Manila Bay on the E. and the China Sea on the W. It has an area of 434 sq. m., mainland, and 6 dependent islands, 2 sq. m.; total, 436 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. As a whole the surface is mountainous, but in the S. extremity, where the Mari- veles Range rises to summits 3,215 and 4,678 ft. high, there are extensive plains. Mt. Redondo, immediately N. of that range, has an elevation of 1,991 ft. These lofty heights afford conspicuous landmarks for navigators entering or departing from Manila Bay. The central crest of the main range, which takes a trend from the NW. to the SE., midway between the bay and seacoast, distributes the drainage about equally in the same directions. A few of the streams, which are numerous and named, are navigable for small native boats, but are chiefly unimportant, being raging torrents in the wet season and dry during the rest of the year. BAYS AND HARBORS. Although Bataan, except on its N. boundary, is surrounded by water, its bays and harbors are not numerous. What it has afford both shelter and anchorage for ves- sels of all sizes and in nearly all winds. On the Manila Bay shore, a distance of 28 m., are no anchorages except open to the winds. The harbor at Orani is very good for light-draft vessels. Those at Balanga and Orión are very poor and vessels bringing supplies can not, ordinarily, approach nearer than 1} miles and must be discharged by native cascoes. On the S. coast opens the Mariveles Bay, on the N. side of the entrance (Boca Chica) to Manila Bay. It is 2 m. wide, and extends 24 m. inland, affording anchor- age (17 fms.) and shelter, except from the SE., for vessels of any size. Vessels may here procure fine water. S. Doc. 280--22 elter, excemwide, anay; on the N. sid 338 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. On the W. coast fronting 31 m. on the China Sea, beginning on the N. is: Binanga or Minangas, the first bight to the S. of the entrance to Súbig Bay. Vessels may anchor in 4 fms. inside, near the shore, sheltered from all winds except from the W. and SW. At Napo Pt., 9 m. S., Bagac opens off the town at its head, affording 51 to 11 fms. On the extreme SW. coast is the bay of Guay, which affords good anchorage in the NE, monsoon. It is the favorite resort for vessels waiting for fair winds to enter Manila Bay. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The towns of the province are united by wagon roads. The principal runs from Dinalupijan to Limay, but is not passable south of Orión owing to the destruction of bridges. From Limay to Mariveles is a trail hardly passable for horses, and nothing but bad trails from Balanga to Bagac and Morón. A fair trail extends from Orión to Bagac. Communication with Manila is by water; with Zambales by land; and from Morón and Dinalupijan to Santa Rita and Pampanga by way of Florida Blanca. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The registered population of Bataan is 50,743, mostly Tagalos. In the towns to the NE. are many Pampangos. The mountains contain numerous Negritos. Very few of these live in villages, or are registered in the civil records. Most of the civi- lized natives speak Tagalog, although some use Pampango. The Negritos, who come down to trade, understand and speak either one or the other of these languages. The following is the division of Bataan into pueblos and respective population, according to the official census of 1887: Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 2,400 1,022 4, 305 2,013 1.873 Bataan: Abucay.... Bagac .......... Balanga ........ Dinalupijan... Llana Hermosa. Mabatang .. Mariveles... Morón. Orani.. Orión.. Pilar. Sámal... 942 885 1,377 3, 015 3,784 1,862 2, 402 2,392 975 4,003 1,771 1, 718 915 805 1, 276 2, 934 3,648 1,887 2, 469 24,893 4,798 1, 997 8, 308 3,784 3,591 1,857 1,690 2, 653 5,949 7, 429 3, 749 4,938 Total 25, 850 50,748 Estimated, 1901, 50,761. The towns number 12, and Negrito villages 8. Of the former may be mentioned (the population of 1896 is given): Abucay; on the main road, 3 m. N. of Balanga. Pop., 7,185. Balanga; the capital, on main road at the crossing of the Tagapao, about 1} m. from the shore of Manila Bay. It is well built. The streets are straight and wide, with a public square in the center. There is a government house, city hall, and prison. It lies 30 m. WNW. of Manila, across the bay. Pop., 9,000. Bagac: at the head of the bay of that name on the China Sea coast, 13 m. SW. of Balanga. Before the war the population was about 2,500. Dinalupijan; on the main road, in the extreme NE., 13 m. N. of Balanga. Pop., 2,600. Hermosa; sometimes called Llana Hermosa on account of the beautiful plains surrounding it. It is situated on the main road 10 m. N. of Balanga and 2 m. W. of the extreme NW. angle of Manila Bay. Pop., 2,649. Mabatang; on the main road, 4 m. N. of Balanga. Pop., 1,766. Mariveles; a telegraph and military station on the NW. shore of the bay of the same name, 19 m. S. by W. of Balanga. It furnishes large quantities of wood and water to vessels passing in and out of Manila Bay. Pop., 1,429. Under former juris- diction Mariveles was an important meteorological and seismographical station. Morón; on the China Sea coast, 4 m. S. of Binanga Bay and 20 m. due W. of Balanga. Pop., 2,622. PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT BUILDING, BALANGA, BATAAN, LUZÓN. NATIVE SAILBOAT TOWING BARGE CONTAINING THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION TO THE BEACH AT BALANGA, BATAAN, LUZON. AETAS OF MARIVELES, BATAAN, LUZON. NEGRITOS, OR AETAS. Types as found today in the mountains of Zambales and Bataan, Luzón.: GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 339 Orani; a coastwise port in the extreme NW. corner of Manila Bay. It is 8 m. N. of Balanga on the main highway, and carries on an important trade with Pampanga on the NE. and Zambales on the NW., besides its local traffic with Bataan and in the coast trade of Manila Bay. Pop., 6,400. Orión; on the main highway near the Manila Bay shore, 5 m. S. of Balanga. Pop., 10,373. Pilar; on the main highway, 14 m. inland from Manila Bay shore, 21 m. S. of Balanga. Pop., 3,471. Sámal; on the main highway, 6 m. N. of Balanga. Pop., 5,233. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. Although Corregidor and Caballo Is. lie immediately off the SE. shore of this province, their geographical and strategical position at the entrance to Manila Bay gives them distinct importance, which will be considered elsewhere. The only dependent islands are- Los Cochinos (Lechones); 5 low rocks above water, Åm. SW. of Point Mari- veles, Pulo, Monti and Cochino being the easternmost. This cluster of islets lies west of the entrance to Mariveles Bay. La Monja (the Nun or Haycock); it bears W. by S. 31 m.off Corregidor. It con- sists of a high rock with 27 fms. within 4 m. all round. Tubu-Tubú; narrow stretch of land 2 m. long, in the .extreme NW. angle of Manila Bay, off the mouth of Orani Riy. The island is covered with trees and is often overflowed by the tide. There are other islets in this vicinity. The area of dependent islands adds practically nothing to the area of the province. dependent island by the tide. Tani Riy. The VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The cultivation of rice is carried on extensively, while sugar-cane, indigo, and beneseed are also important. MINERALS. In the mountains are quarries of valuable marble, and white and red jasper marked with wavy lines. FORESTS. Manila, Bulacán, and other adjacent provinces look to Bataán for wood for the construction of boats and for building. FRUITS The banana, in several varieties, is the most abundant fruit, although oranges, lemons, papaya, mangas, and pineapples, the sapote, and other fruits grow in large quantities. INDUSTRIES. In the town of Orión the main in lustry is fishing and drying fish. There is much capital invested in the large fishing bancas and the fleet from that town is the largest on Manila Bay. In the town of Orani is a pottery, where jars for sugar and alcohol are made. In Abucay, a brickyard; in Balanga, 2 alcohol distilleries, and another in Pilar. On the road from Orani to Hermosa is a place called Lamina, where bolos are made. Salt drying is quite an industry in Abucay, Pilar, and Orión. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. After the establishment of the military Department of N. Luzón, the operations in Bataan were devoted to the suppression of a guerrilla warfare. On February 15, 1902, Bataan was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Mariveles. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Bataan was created under the provincial government act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the Philippine Commission, March 2, 1901.. 340 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor.. $1,500 Secretary 1,100 Treasurer.. 1, 800 Supervisor.. 1,500 1, 100 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses, not exceeding $2 per day, as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet and organize on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October, to consider CONDITIONS. The governor of Bataan found the people entirely in accord with the government as established, and expressing freely their approval of the forms-municipal, provincial, and insular-now existing. There has not been a single abuse or breach of trust The financial accounts are in a healthy condition; all the towns are accumulating money in the treasuries, some having $3,000 at the end of last month (November) on hand, with the intention of building schoolhouses first, and other public improve- ments next. English is being taught in all the towns. The public schools are encouraged and aided by the people and the officials, the attendance being larger than the limited number of teachers can instruct with best results. This province is free from any taint of insurrection, there being no garrison except one company at Mariveles, placed there on account of Government property and port. Land is being generally cultivated with good yields; farms and town improvements are constantly being made, and the people rapidly recovering from losses from the wars. (Official report of the provincial governor of Bataan, December, 1901.) BÁTAC (bah-'tuck), nat.; pueblo Ilocos Norte, BATÁN-Continued. Luzón, on coast highway 10 m. S. of Laoag. bay of Gaba; its most important town is Pop., pueblo, 1887, 16,981. Batán, in vicinity of which are several coal mines in operation. BATACHAC (BALACBAC) (bah-tuck'-huck, bah- - pueblo on island of same name, off E. coast lack-back'), ver.; hamlet in Benguet, Luzón, of Albay, Luzón; is center of important coal- 6 m. N. of Trinidad. Pop., 688. mining industry. BATAG (bah-tug'), ver,: island 6 by 3, m.in area, - bay, port, and town on N. coast of Cápiz, 2 m. off N. coast of Sámar. Nearest approach Panay, opening 12 m. SE. of Akdán Pt. and of w. sweep in curve of dividing line be- 164 m. W. of Cápiz. Port Batán is lat. 11° tween Asia and Oceanica, passes about 900 35' 40" N., lon. 122° 29' 40" E. Upon its E. naut, m. E. of this island. Its SW. point on shore stands Batan, second largest town in Palápag port lies in lat. 12° 38' 15' N., lon. province and inland, number of other towns 129° 59' 55 E. lation, and important industries. Entrance BATAGUAS (bah-tah'-gwahs), nat.; hamlet in to port is recognized by Okbok Hillits 2 m. to Sámar, 7 m. W. of Borongan. E. Pop., pueblo, 1896, 12,908. BATALAN (bah-tah'-lahn), nat.; mountain 1,847 lying in S. waters, 9 m. NNE. and SSW. and ft. high inland from Guai Pt., coast of Zam- 47 m. greatest width E. and w., with an area bales, Luzón, of 27 sq. m. Is most important of Batanes grp., and upon its NW.shore is situated Santo BATALOMPÓN (bah-tah-lohm-pohn'), ver.; point Domingo de Basco, the capital. Island pre- in Zamboanga, Mindanao. sents peculiarly picturesque aspect from sea. BATALONG (bah-tah-long'), nat.; hamlet in apparently extinct volcano and thickly coy- Cagayán, Luzón, in pueblo of Amulung, on ered with majestic trees. Rest of island is banks of Grande de Cagayán Riv. mountainous and has several broad and cul- tivated spots. High rock lies about mile BATÁN (bah-ton'), nat.; largest of 4 islands off NE. of island. Anchorages are Santo Domini- E. coast of Albay, Luzón; is 15 by 6 m., go Bay, San Carlos, and San Vicente, port of with area of 31 sq. m.; separated from Rapu Ibana. During Sw.monsoon shelter is found Rapu on SE. by channel 1, m. wide and from under NE. part of Sabtán I. On E, side of Cacraray on NW. by another of same width; Batán are 2 large bays, N. and better named nearest point is 21 m. E. of Albay, across Sonson, the other Mananion, but both some- Albay Gulf. On NW. side of island is little what encumbered with rocks. BATANES (GROUP), PROVINCE OF CAGAYÁN, LUZÓN. (Bah-tah'-nays, nat.) Capital; Santo Domingo de Basco, Batán I., lat. 20° 18' N., lon. 120° 58' E. Area; 81 sq. m. Population; 10,533 (census of 1887). Race and language; Batán. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 341 LAONETIC VARIATION NCARLY... Baten Ben 1'0'E (1898 STATIONARY of Xantil P 211 NE Craniosa 8 PANAS PORT BATAN ObrSpotLat.11:36.40°N,-Long.122: 28.35E, Nautical Miles Cables 342 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Table of distances. m. 150 126 From Santo Domingo de Basco (Batán I.) to- Aparri (N. coast of Luzon) ..... Formosa (South Cape).. Hongkong, China..... Manila (direct line).... Port Pío V (Camiguín I., Babuyanes grp.)... 527 410 110 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. To the N. of Luzon and SSE. of Formosa lie 2 groups of islands, the most N. called Batanes and the S. and nearest to the N. coast of Luzon the Babuyanes. The first of these, the Batanes, lie between Bachi and Balingtán channels connecting the Pacific Ocean and the China Sea, and along the one hundred and twenty-second meridian of longitude, between lat. 20° 18 N., and 21° 06' N. The most N. island of the Philippine Archipelago is Y'Ami, which lies 23 m. S. of the N. line of boundary of the United States possession in E. Asia, as defined by the treaty of December 10, 1898: “Through the middle of the navigable channel of Bachi from 118° to the 127° merid- ian of longitude E. of Greenwich.” The name Bachi comes from an intoxicating liquor much used by the natives. The group consists of 2 clusters, Ibayat, Diego, and the Bachi being the N., and Batán, Sabtán, Ibugos, and Déquez forming the S. angor much used bof Greenwich.able channel of Bachi freaty of De AREA. The land area is 81 sq. m. embraced within sea limits from lat. 20° 18' to 21° 15' (N. Bachi Rocks) N., lon. 121° 48' to 122° 6' E. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The physical characteristics of the Batanes group indicate volcanic origin of the larger islands. Ibayat, Batán, and Sabtán are particularly mountainous with inter- vening valleys and plains sloping to the seashore and well watered by small rivers. The smaller islands are generally low and rest upon foundations of coral. The cli- mate of all the islands is celebrated for its salubrity. The prevalent winds of this region are NE., 149 days of wind from that quarter, 89 from the N., 45 from the W., 32 from the NW., 16 from the SW., 13 from the E., and 11 each from the E. and SE. during the year 1898. BAYS AND HARBORS. mate of all t., 149 days o the sw., 13 f These islands afford several excellent harbors of refuge for vessels traversing the vast waters of the Pacific to the E. and China Sea to the W. Of these may be mentioned: Nagataó; S. of Santo Domingo, Batán I., suitable for small vessels. Nananión; on the NE. coast of Batán I., very deep and well sheltered. Santo Domingo; on the NW. coast of Batán, affording excellent anchorage, and safe except during the SW. monsoon. United States vessels utilize this as a cruising station in these waters. Sonsón; on the NE. coast of Batán I., with safe anchorage for vessels of any size and well sheltered. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. Communication between the islands is extremely difficult owing to the strong cur- rent in the channels and scarcity of anchorages. Intercourse by means of native craft with the rest of the islands to the southward is even more difficult. The inter- island commerce is carried on in native boats, but is much restricted by the heavy seas which wash the islands. The exports consist chiefly of lard, cocoanut oil, hogs, horses, goats, and a small output of valuable woods. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population of the islands is 10,533, census 1887. The language of the inhabit- ants called Batán somewhat resembles a dialect of this region known as Ibánag. Most of the islands of the group are occupied only during certain seasons by fishing settlements. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 343 The following are the municipal divisions of the Batanes, with their respective populations, according to the census of 1887: Group and pueblos. Men, Women. Total. Batanes: San Bartolomé de Calayan .. San Carlos de Magosa (Marigatoa) San José de Ibana ..... Santa María de Ibayat.... Santo Domingo de Basco .. San Vicente de Sabtán... 669 640 1, 102 338 1,643 868 686 596 1.135 377 1, 620 853 1, 355 1, 236 2,237 715 3,269 1,721 Total 5,260 5,273 10,533 The following are the towns: Ibana; see San José de Ibana. San Antonio; on the S. coast of Batán I., 7 m. S. of Santo Domingo. San Bartolomé. Pop., 1,722. San Carlos de Marigatao (Magosa); on the W. coast, 22 m. S. of Santo Domingo. Pop., 1,229. Santo Domingo de Basco; the principal town of the group, on the NW. shore of Batán I., at the foot of Mt. Irraya. It contains some fine buildings. The people are engaged in coasting trade among the islands and in shell fishing. Pop., 2,981. San José de Ibana; on the extreme SW. coast of Batán I., 61 m. S. of Santo Domingo. Pop., 1,951. Santa Lucía; on the SE. coast of Ibayat I. Santa María; on the NE. coast of Ibayat I., near a fine forest of building wood. Pop., 1,855. San Rafael; on the W. coast of Ibayat I. Santa Rosa; on the extreme N. coast of Ibayat I. San Vicente; on the W. coast of Batán I., 41 m. S. of Santo Domingo. Pop., 1,753 The inhabitants of the islands partake of many of the characteristics of the Chinese and native races of Formosa. Their peculiar language increases their exclusiveness. This has been strengthened by the heavy ocean currents and consequent difficulties of intercourse with the mainland of Luzon to the S. This would add a physical reason for racial alliance toward Formosa and China rather than toward Luzon and the S. ISLANDS. This group comprises 14 islands and rocks, as follows: sq.m. Bachi Rocks; 52 m. N. by E. of Santo Domingo... Batán (Basay); central and most important island of the Batanes group. 10 m. from N. to S. and 3) from E. to W. In N. part rises Mt. Irada, 3,806 ft. high, visible for 60 m. at sea in all directions, forming an excellent landmark for vessels plying between the United States and Asia, and passing through the Balingtán channel; to W. of this mountain is the peak of Irraya. Surface of the entire island is mountainous, between which, however, are extensive cultivated plains; there are 6 towns on the coast.. Déquez (Goat); NW. and close to Ibugos I., 14 m. SW. of Santo Domingo....... Diamis Rocks; near Batán I..... Diego (Redonda); 1,848 ft. high, 5 m. E. of the S. point of Ibayat I., 16 m. N. of Santo Domingo; is surrounded by 4 smaller islands on N..... Ibayat (Orange); 17 m. N. by W. of Batán I.; 10 m. N. and S. and 5 m. E. and W.; has 2 peaks, one at N., Santa Rosa, 714 ft. high, the other in the extremes., 810 ft. high; its chief town, San Rafael, is on NW. shore; soil is very fertile and furnishes quantities of sweet potatoes, corn, and other food products for the neighboring islands; 1 m. W. of Sabtán, 13 m. SW. of Santo Domingo. 35 Ibugos (Bachi); 1 m. W. of Sabtán I., 10 m. SSW. of Santo Domingo; inhabited.. North I.; 21 m. SSW. of Y'Ami, 40 m. N. of Santo Domirgo...... Mabudis; midway between Ibayat and Y'Ami, the most N. of the group, 29 m. N. of Santo Domingo. 1 Misanga; a cluster of rocks about the center of the group... Sabtán (Seminanga); the most S. of the group, 3 m. sw. of Batán. Is 7 m. N. and S. and 3, m. E. and W.; is well inhabited, and the people are engaged in agriculture and fishing .... Siayan; cluster of 4 islets off the SW. point of Mabudis I., 28 m. N. of Santo Domingo..... Tanan; cluster of rocks N. of Batán ... Y'Ami; most N. of the islands of the Philippine possessions of the United States, 42 m. N. of Santo Domingo, and 468 m. N. by E. Manila . 14 islands and islets, total area ........ BACHI ISLANDS. The group name of a cluster of small islands within sight of the Batanes, and inhab- ited by savages of the Bachi race. Their language is peculiar to themselves, but with certain words in common, the inhabitants of the Batanes and Bachi Is. under- stand each other. In the list of the Batanes group, Mabudis, Misanga, Siayan, Tanan, and Y'Ami, all inhabited, belong to the Bachi group. Santo Domingo......................... ..... 344 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The soil of these islands, particularly of Batán, is famed for its fertility, and produces in abundance yams, sweet potatoes, corn, maize, onions, garlic, rice, and grain. A small supply of sugar cane is grown for home consumption. The inhabitants raise sugar cane, out of which they make a drink called palec. Potatoes, wheat, and vege- tables and other products of the United States in the lower latitudes, can be success- fully produced. MINERALS. The larger islands abound in sandstones and lime of an excellent quality. FORESTS. The islands except Ibayat are not heavily timbered, and what forests do exist are generally of the more valuable woods used for cabinet purposes, whereas building timber is not abundant. FRUITS. There is not a great variety of fruit, although the pineapples of the Batanes are superior both in size and quality to that fruit in other parts of the archipelago. The grape is also grown. INDUSTRIES. The chief industry of the inhabitants is raising cattle, hogs, goats, and horses, which grow to a remarkable size, and on account of their superior quality are exported in large numbers to the mainland. The manufacture of lard and cocoanut oil is important. In the vicinity of the towns are usually extensive cocoanut plan- tations, especially at Ibayat, the extraction of oil being an important industry. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The U.S. S. Princeton took formal possession of the Batanes Is. at Santo Domingo de Basco, the capital, on January 11, 1900. Since that time that port has been one of the cruising stations for the United States Navy. The military forces have not garri- soned the islands. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. These islands under the provincial government act” established for the province of Cagayán, Luzon, by act P. C. August 22, 1901, were annexed to that province. BATANGAN (bah-tung/-ahn), nat.; hamlet on SW. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, 96, m. SW. of Dávao. - mountain in Mindoro. BATANGAS, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Bah-tan'-gas, Tag.) Capital: Batangas, lat. 13° 45/ 30" N., ion. 121° 03' E. Area: 1,108 sq. m. Population: 311,180. Race: Tagalog. Language: Tagalog. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Batangas to- Cabra light, via Verde passage... Calamba, N. on Laguna de Bay .. Manila, N................. Manila, via Verde passage.... Verde I., S. in Verde passage. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 345 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Batangas, name derived from batangan, a cane used in banca (boat building, occupies the SW. sea front of the main body of Luzon. It is bounded on the N. by Cavite and Laguna; on the NE. by Laguna and Tayabas; on the E. by the Tayabas Gulf waters of the Mindoro Sea; on the S. by the Verde Passage, and on the w. by the China Sea. AREA. In length from SE. to NW. between the Mindoro and China seas, it measures 72 m. and from NE. to SW., between the Laguna boundary and Verde Passage, 39 m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. From the sierras of Tagaytay and Súngay the surface slopes to the sea through wide valleys between spurs which end in peninsulas separating the China Sea from the Balayản and Batangas bays. It has numerous rivers emptying into the China Sea on the W., the Balayán and Batangas Bay and Verde passage on the S., and into through the Malaquing Ilog. The Calumpán, a river of some dimensions, drains the broad valley which extends inland from the NE. shore of Batangas Bay. About the center of Batangas is situated Lake Taal or Bombón, 18 m. from N. to S., 13 m. from E, to W., 150 sq. m. in area. In its center is Volcán I., out of which rises the active volcano of Taal. The shores of this lake are overlooked by Mt. Maco- lod, 2,500 ft., on the SE.; Mt. Masilo, 3,724 ft., on the NE.; Tierra Alta, 2,510 ft., on the NW.; Mt. Cairilao, 2,166 ft., and Tamaun, 2,818 ft., on the W. Dotting the surface of the waters are a number of islands, the central of which, forming the active volcano, is almost circular and 41 m. in diameter. The smaller islands which lie off its E. side are Lagdanin, Nabuin, Tuc, Duy, and Napayon. Along the shores of the lake are several small bays, on the E. Lipa, on the S. Bauan, on the NW. Bayuyungan, and on the NE. Bañadero. The country in the immediate vicinity of Lake Taal is badly broken by ravines and canyons, but there is a good trail down each spur to the lake. The outlet of Lake Taal is the Lemery Riv., a stream navi- gable for cascoes, and in the rainy season for vessels of draft up to 3) ft. This river is about 5 m. long, and leaves Lake Taal at its SE. corner. The climate, on account of the high elevation, is much superior to that of Manila, being about 10 degrees cooler, with the rain better distributed throughout the year. The country is very healthy, and with the advent of railroads promises to be the garden spot of Luzon. ise aves Lake Taal at its essels of drafteny Rive, a stream i BAYS AND HARBORS. It is constantly the separates the s. coude length of the S. this paxdino strait betwolippines, and sels trading bet The Verde I. passage, which extends the entire length of the S. coast of this province; is the strait which separates the S. coast of Luzon from the N. coast of Mindoro. It is constantly used by vessels trading between Manila, Iloilo, Cebú, and other ports in the Philippines, and is the W. entrance of the route through San Bernardino strait between Manila and the United States. Along the N. waters of this passage are several fine bays, among them- Balayán; which opens 17 m. and is not only perfectly free from danger, but the shores are so steep that vessels must approach close to get anchoring depth, at a dis- tance of 14 m. from the sea. The bay of Balayán does not permit anchorage of large vessels near to Calacá or Balayán' on account of shallow water. It does allow good anchorages near to Taal, Lemery, and San Luis.At certain seasons of the year it is difficult for native sailing vessels, which are of light draft, to approach Taal and Lemery on account of the prevailing winds; at others the wind sets constantly inshore, and it is difficult for them to beat out of the bay. Batangas; on the SE. of Balayán, from which it is separated by a peninsula 10 m. long and 2 to 3 m. wide. It fronts 10 m. on the Verde passage and penetrates 11 m. to the N. Its shores are steep, rocky, and wooded, and can be skirted at a distance of one-third of a mile without danger. Numerous little rivers enter it, chiefly the Balito, Bauan, Batangas, and Calumpán. Colocontó; on the extreme SE. shore, 1 m. wide and extending 1 m. inland. It affords shelter to small craft in SW. gales. Janaojanao; an indentation on the E. shore of Balayán Bay and resorted to by small craft in bad weather. 346 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Mainaga; a deep bight on the NW. shore of Batangas Bay. Pagapas; on the W. coast of Balayán Bay, immediately with the light on Cape Santiago. ations Batang Manila High, ab Patungan; between Limbones I. and Restinga Pt., on the S. side of the entrance to Manila Bay. The boundary between Cavite and Batangas provinces has its NW. terminus on the shores of this bay. Inland it is overlooked by 2 summits, one 2,270 and the other 2,098 ft. LIGHT-HOUSES. Adout 66 yds. N. of the extreme S. point of Cape Santiago stands one of the impor- tant lights which guide the way between San Bernardino Strait, Verde passage, and Manila Bay. It is also one of the signal stations of steamers passing to and fro, being in telegraphic communication with Manila via Batangas on that bay, Calamba on Laguna de Bay, Cavite, and Manila. It is 75 m. from Manila by water, in lat. 13° 46' N., lon. 120° 40' E., 90 ft. above sea level on a tower 51 ft. high, and is vis- ible 18 m. at sea. On the same coast of this province, 43 m. ESE. on Malabrigo Pt., lat. 13° 36' N., lon. 121° 16' E., is another light marking the E. approach to Verde passage, 185 ft. above the sea, on a red brick tower with white lantern rising from center of keeper's dwelling 49 ft., visible 23 m. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The roads are all good during the dry season, but in the rainy period many of them become impassable on account of the character of the soil, which is clay. Two main cart roads extend from Batangas, the capital, one to the NE. and the other to the N., connecting through other highways with Manila. The cart roads into Laguna run by way of Santo Tomás and Calamba; into Tayabas by way of Rosario and Taysan, and to Cavite by way of Balayán to Tuy; thence a footpath over the sierra extends to the village of Caitinga, from which point there is an excellent road via Alfonso and Bailén to Ternate, where it joins the Manila Bay road via Cavite to Manila. This province, from its important seaports, is in communication by sea with the entire archipelago. POPULATION AND TOWNS. This province has a population of 311,180, and, according to the census of 1887, of 312,386. In each barrio is a cluster of houses, usually strung along a central road, in which all the inhabitants live. The cultivated land lies on both sides of the road, back of the houses. Most of these houses are built of bamboo, with grass thatches; some have plank floors, usually of mahogany, and a few have galvanized-iron roofs. In the towns some of the houses are built of stone. The churches and convents are usually of stone. They are always located in commanding situations, as if built with a view to defense, and are nearly all loopholed and arranged as fortresses. The race and language is almost entirely Tagálog. Spanish is spoken by a few of the better class at the commercial ports. The following are the divisions into pueblos, with their population, according to the official census of 1887: Province and pueblos. Men Women. Total. 16, 214 35, 431 35, 645 Batangas: Balayán. Batangas Bauan.. Calacá.... Calatagán. Cuenca .... Ibaán...... Lemery... Lian.. 12, 263 5,644 8, 236 17,814 18, 363 6,044 1,007 2,970 4,664 7, 710 2,389 20,583 2, 550 3,776 7, 182 5, 028 5,537 3,068 Lipa ... 7,978 17,617 17,282 6,219 996 2,674 4, 353 7, 676 2,488 22, 494 2,575 4,062 7,194 4,845 5, 631 2,831 5,505 10, 657 3,529 10,332 3,516 5,608 156,062 Loboó Nasugbú.. Rosario... San José.. San Juan..... San Luis.. Santo Tomás Taal. Talisay ... Tanauan.. Taysan.. Tuy...... Total 2,003 9,017 15, 386 4,877 43,077 5, 125 7,838 14, 376 9,874 11,168 5, 899 11, 039 22, 039 6,805 20,452 7, 204 11,011 312, 386 5,534 11, 382 3, 276 10, 120 3, 688 5, 403 156,062 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 347 a cuenca.colod. Pothie W. shore pop 549.64.net. Pop., 8,900.tangas, on the 11:3,000. The total number of towns is 22, villages 720, and hamlets 7. The province con- tains the greatest number of towns of the largest population in the archipelago. The most important of these are the following (pop. of 1896 is given generally): Batangas; capital of the province, a coastwise port, telegraph and military sta- tion on the NE. shore of the bay of the same name, in the S. central part of the proy- ince. It lies near the r. bank of the river of the same name, about 1 m. from its mouth, and is navigable for native boats. It has some fine buildings, such as a goy- ernment house, city hall, a church, convent, prison, and many private residences. Pop. of city, about 8,000; pop. of municipality, 39,358. Balayán; port of entry, telegraph and military station at the mouth of the river of the same name, 7 m. N. of San Pedriño Pt. It has an anchorage to the eastward of the river mouth, sheltered from all winds but the south. The bar has 3 ft. of water. Mt. Balayán, which lies 4 m. NE. of the town, serves as a guide to anchorage. Pop. of town, 6,000; pop. of municipality, 24,747. . .. Pod militonucupatib, ha head Bauan; telegraph and military station at the head of Batangas Bay, 4 m. NW. of Batangas. The town contains about 5,000 inhabitants and the municipality 29,659. It has a fine market and is a center of piña cloth embroidery. Calaca; telegraph and military station on the N. coast of Balayán Bay, 20 m. NW. of Batangas. Pop. of municipality, 8,288. The town contains about 2,500 inhabit- ants. There are large sugar interests here, and the town is noted for its cleanliness and healthfulness. Cuenca; 1 m. SW. of the shore of Lake Taal and 102 m. N. of Batangas, at the foot of Mt. Macolod. Pop. of municipality, 6,375. Pop. of town, about 2,000. Calatagán; near the W. shore of Balayán Bay, 16 m. N. of Cape Santiago light and 27 m. WNW. of Batangas. Pop., 964. Ibaán; military station, 7 m. NE. of Batangas. Pop., 8,900. Lemery; on the NE. coast of Balayán Bay, 15 m. NĒ. of Batangas, on the r. bank of the Pansípit Riv., connecting Lake Taal with the sea. Pop. of town, 13,000. The municipality is a very large one, containing about 60,000 people. The town has fine markets, good schools, large commerce with all parts of the archipelago and with Taal on the 1. bank of the Pansípit Riv. It forms one large city of about 20,000 inhabitants. Lian; in extreme W. part of the province near the l. bank of the river of the same name, 3 m. above its mouth, 3 m. SSE. of Nasugbú, and 33 m. NE. of Batangas. Pop., 5,889. Lipa; telegraph and military station, 15 m. NNE. of Batangas. This is one of the largest towns in the province and the seat of important trade, being in wagon-road communication with both Laguna und Tayabas provinces. The principal roads from Lipa in all directions are old military roads, and are in very good condition. They are always passable for loaded wagons. A great deal of sugar, corn, and tobacco is produced here. There are also fine schools, drug stores, and markets. The town formerly had a weekly newspaper. The people are very intelligent and progressive. Pop. of town, about 14,000. Pop. of municipality, 40,733. Loboó; on the SE. coast near the mouth of Pinacanauan Riv., 6 m. NE. of Mala- brigo light and 18 m. SE. of Batangas. Pop., 6,472. Mount Loboó or Malagundi, 3,507 ft. high, rises 6 m. ENE. Nasugbú; military and telephone station, in the extreme W. part of the province, 2 m. inland from the China Sea coast, 85 m. NW. of Batangas. It is a port of entry. Pop., 8,263. Rosario; an important road center 13 m. NE. of Batangas. Pop. of municipality, 12,435. The town was completely destroyed by the insurgents. San José; road, telegraph, and military station, 10 m. NNE. of Batangas. Pop., 10,000. San Juan de Bocboc; on the W. shore of Tayabas Bay, on the r. bank of the Sin- turis or Lanay Riv., 14 m. S. of the Tayabas boundary, and 25 m. E. by N. of Batangas. There are two towns, the old and the new, about 3 m. apart. The old one is on the bay, the new one inland on the river, which is navigable for cascoes. Many horses are raised in this vicinity. Pop. of town, about 2,000. Pop. of munici- pality, 14,017. San Luis; on the E. shore of Balayán Bay, 11 m. NW. of Batangas. It is 3 m. from Taal, and has good schools but no church. It is a fishing village and has a pop. of about 1,200. The municipality has a pop. of 5,201. Santo Tomás; an important road, military, and telegraph station, 44 m. within the extreme NE. boundary towards Tayabas, 25 m. NNE. of Batangas. It is located at the base of Mt. Maquíling, is very healthy and has good schools. Pop. of town, about 1,500. Pop. of municipality, 10,769. Taal; coastwise port, telegraph and military station on the l. bank of the Pan- sípit Riv., the outlet of the great Lake of Taal into Balayán Bay, 13 m. NE. of Batangas. The important town of Lemery lies on the opposite bank of the same Lipa; teres in the both Lagmilitary road great 348 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. stream. Taal is built of stone, on a high, terraced hill overlooking Balayán Bay. It is one of the largest municipios in the province, and is a very important milïtary station. It has fine schools, good markets, large commerce, and very intelligent peo- ple. Pop. of town, about 6,000. Pop. of municipality, 33,378. Talísay; on the N. shore of Taal Bay, 17 m. . of the boundary with Cavite on the N., 26 m. N. of Batangas. It is a little fishing village, important only by reason of its location near a pass from Batangas to Cavite. Pop. of town, about 600; pop. of municipality, about 8,200. Tanauan; road, telegraph, and military station in the extreme NE. part of the province near the Laguna boundary, 24 m. N. by E. of Batangas. It is in a fine sugar country; also great tobacco and fine fruit country. It is about 2 m. from Santo Tomás and 9 m. from Lipa. It contains good markets and schools, and the people are very intelligent. Pop. of town, about 2,000; pop. of municipality, about 20,036. Taysan; an important road center, near the l. bank of the Calumpán Riv., 9 m. ENE. of Batangas. Pop. of municipality, about 6,971. Tuy; in the W. part of the province, connected with Balayán on that bay, 5 m. S. by road. A trail also extends across the sierra into Cavite. It is 28 m. NE. of Batangas. It is a small village, surrounded by a good cattle and farming country. Pop. 10,150. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The extended sea front of Batangas is exceptionally free from islands as well as from submerged dangers of navigation, there being but 8, as follows: sq.m. Cabán; E. of the N. point of Maricabán I......... ........... Fortún; 9 m. off the W. coast, fronting the mouth of the Lian Riv., 6 m. SW. of Fuego Pt...... Limbones or Carabao; 2 rocky islets on the S. side of the entrance to Manila Bay .... Maricabán; about 2, m. S. of Point Cazador, the extreme of the peninsula dividing Balayán and Batangas bays. The island is 8 m. long ESE. and WNW. and 24 m. wide. About 700 yds. S. is an islet about 2,100 ft. in extent. Malajibomanok lies # m. to the E., with an intervening channel of 22 fms... Sombrero; m. N. of the N. point of Maricabán, to which it is joined by a chain of rocks. It is 40 ft. high...... Verde; one of the best-known islands in the P. A., 1,500 ft. high, well wooded, with 2 peaks visible 48 m., situated about the middle of the strait, between Luzon and Mindoro. It divides the strait into two passages, either of which is clear of obstructions. On the N. side of the island is a bay 10 to 15 fms., near the shore, affording shelter in S. winds. The island is 5 m. NW. to SE. and 3 m. NE. to SW. Total area, 8 dependent islands. ... 17 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS.. Batangas is one of the most fertile and well-cultivated provinces of the archipelago. Its staple products are coffee, sugar, rice, hemp, chocolate, corn, and cocoanuts. It has other products of agriculture less important. Recent statistics give the annual product of coffee at 100,000 piculs, equal to 13,800,000 lbs., and sugar at 150,000 piculs, equal to 20,850,000 lbs. The inhabitants are also largely engaged in pas- toral pursuits, the Batangas horses being the most famous all over the archipelago. The same authority estimates the live stock at 146,576 head, valued at $1,691,282. The cinchona tree is found growing near Taal and does well here. MINERALS. The province is rich in mineral waters; besides the sulphur waters of the volcano of Taal are numerous springs. Near San Luis, at a place called Maínit (hot), jets of hot water gush from the ground, leaving a deposit of iron. Near Lemery the waters of the brook Panipil are densely laden with sulphur and are used with good results by the natives for cutaneous diseases. Near Calaca, at a place called Matasnabayan (high town), are springs of medicinal properties. In the mountains of Taysan are hot springs, used by the natives with good results for diseases of the bladder and skin. To the SE. of Bauan, near Cazador Pt., is one of the most celebrated springs in the archipelago on account of its healing properties. It is the resort of large numbers of natives afflicted with rheumatism and paralysis. In the crater of the volcano of Taal itself is a small lake of water heavily charged with sulphuric acid. Near the interior crater and toward the E. is a small lake from the dark green waters of which rise clouds of sulphurous vapors and whose shores consist of lava and salt, notably mag- nesia, lime, and soda. The extent of this interior lake is about 200 ft. in diameter. The interior crater has a circumference of about 300 ft. In the bottom may be seen yellowish liquid in a state of violent ebullition which, with subterranean noises, appears and disappears and gives rise to columns of vapor which ascend from the center of the larger crater. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 349 FORESTS. The mountains abound in forests of fine wood, those in the vicinity of San Juan, Santo Tomás, and Rosario being mentioned as particularly suitable for building purposes and the manufacture of furniture. FRUITS. The fruits common to the provinces of S. Luzon thrive in Batangas. Among these may be mentioned the manga, banana, in large variety, oranges, lemons, etc. INDUSTRIES AND COMMERCE. Many varieties of cloth of the finest texture, made of silk, hemp, and cotton, brightly dyed, are produced in looms of the most simple construction, and at a very slight cost. Almost every shack has its loom, often two. The weaving is done by the women. The country offers great inducements to the cattle raiser, the farmer, and the manufacturer, as soon as it is safe to invest capital. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. On February 15, 1902, Batangas was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Ambulong. Cuenca. San Juan de Bocboc. Tanauan." Balayán. Ibaán. Santo Tomás. * Tuy. Batangas. $ Lipa. Spanish Fort. Bauan. Nasugbú. Taal. a Calanc. - San José. Talísay. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Batangas was erected under the "provincial government act” of February 6, 1901, May 2, 1901, to embrace that territory in the island of Luzon and small adjoining islands known as the province of Batangas. The province is divided into municipios, much as a State is divided into counties. Each municipio has a central town of the same name, which is its seat of government. The muni- cipios are divided into barrios, as a county is divided into townships. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor .... $2,250.00 Secretary .. 1,500.00 Treasurer. 2,500.00 Supervisor. 2,000.00 Fiscal ..... 1,500.00 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses, not exceeding $2.50 per day, as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet and organize on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October, to consider improvements needed in the province, and for other purposes prescribed by law. By act of the Philippine Commission July 17, 1901, Batangas was restored to mili- tary government. Under General Orders, December 3, 1901, its ports were closed (December 10) until further orders. On May 1, 1902, its ports were opened for resumption of trade. On July 4, 1902, the province was returned to the full powers of local civil government. CONDITIONS. Batangas in the past has been a very rich province. Its coffee was famed, and a great many large landowners made money out of the crop. An insect for a time destroyed the crop, and that industry therefore languished and was almost entirely destroyed. While it lasted, however, it made the people so rich that their wealth became a byword in the islands. The town of Lipa is said to be more like an European city because of the beauty of its residences. The first hostility to Ameri- can occupation is yielding to the influence of stable government and schools. (Offical report of the provincial governor of Batangas, December, 1901.) a Telegraph. Telephone, $ Post-office. 350 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BATANGAS (bah-tan'-gahs), Tag.; capital of prov- | BATÓ (bah-taw'; in Tagalog, means stone), nat.; ince of that name, pueblo, post-office, and town on port Barás at mouth of that river, money-order station, Luzon, 72 m. from Ma on SE. shore of Catanduanes I., Luzón. nila, with which it is connected by telegraph. - river in Catanduanes I., Luzón, emptying Situated on E. shore of Batangas Bay; has spa- into Barás port. cious harbor well sheltered; Calum pán Riv. enters bay at this point. Pop., pueblo, 1896, - pueblo NW. shore of Bató Lake, in Ambos 39,358. Is important center of industry and Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 23 m. SE. of Nueva trade. During February agricultural and in- Cáceres. Fine road connects with several dustrial fairs are held; large numbers of important towns. Pop., pueblo, 1896, 4,861. inhabitants congregate and prizes are a ward- - hamlet on 1. bank of Bicol Riv. in Ambos ed. Palace, convent, and tribunal are fine Camarines (Sur), Luzón. structures. There are 4,000 dwellings, some - lake, 3 by 5 m., on boundary between Albay with pretensions to architecture. and Ambos Camarines, Luzón. Receives - bay in Batangas, Luzón, 87 m. between Inaya Riv. from SE. and is discharged through points Cazador and Malocot and 9 m. inland. Bicol and Naga Riv.-same streams by dif- Rivers Balito, Bauang, Batangas, and Calum- ferent names-to NW.into bay of San Miguel, pán have their outlets in this bay. Island Pacific Ocean. Lake is subject to extreme of Marica bán forms shelter on Sw. of its rises, overflows, and falls during rainy and opening dry seasons. Its margins are beautifully - river emptying in bay of same name; en- overgrown with water plants, among them ters to E. near town also of same name. Very delicate seaweed as fine as horsehair yet in its shallow growth so closely interwoven that it affords sufficient support for largest sea fowl. They BATANGEN (bah-tung'-ayn), ver.; pueblo in Am- alight in large numbers on these natural plat- burayan, Ilocos Sur, Luzon. Pop., pueblo, forms and hop from one to the other, feeding 1896, 433. on shellfish and prawns, which swarm among BATANIQUI (bah-tah-nee-key) ver.; point at SW. these delicate but strong meshes. Cicular shore of Tayabas Bay, Batangas, Luzón. belt caused by subsidence of waters in dry BATÁS (bah-tahs'), ver.; island W. of Bohol, season, about i ft. in width, forms tangled sea- Visayas. weed into matting-like covering over shore, BATASAN (bah-tah'-son), nat.; hamlet in low- causing a singular effect. Large quantity of lands, E.of Grande de Pampanga Riv., in Pam- rice is grown along shores. panga, Luzón, 18 m. NE. of Bacolor, on cross - town of importance on SW. coast of Leyte, roads between Candaba and San Miguel de 62 m. SW. of Tacloban and 27 m. across sea Mayumo. channel, NE. of Bohol I., Visayas. Pop., - village in Bulacán, Luzón, near San Miguel pueblo, 1896, 3,651. de Mayumo. mountain in Leyte, 6 m. E. of N. of Baytay, BATBATÁN (but-bah-ton'), ver.; island 3, m. N. point on S. shore of Leyte, 3 m. SE. of to S., 14 m. E. to W., and 450 ft. high, 94 m. Maasin. off W. coast of Panay, from Lipata Pt., and - hamlet on E. shore of Tañón Strait, 2 m. 11 m. WNW. of Colasi, on same coast. SW. of Toledo, W. coast of Cebú. BATBATO (but-bah-toh'), nat.; pueblo Ambu - hamlet on N, coast of Samar, 54 m. E. of rayan, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. Pop., pueblo, 1896, Mondragón. 119. -- N. point of Gulf of Asid, on S. shore of Mas- BATE (bah-tay), nat.; channel in NW. waters of bate I., Visayas. Balábac grp., 3 m. between Secam I. on N. - hamlet on head of bay on NE. shore of and Cape Disaster, N. point of Ramos I. on S., Basilan I., off S. coast of Zamboanga, Min- and opening on E. into Balábac Strait. danao. BATÉN (bah-ten'), nat.; hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, BATOAN (bah-tool-ahn), nat.; bay on E. coast of 2 m. NW. of Sigma. Ticao I., Visayas. -- mountain in Ilocos Sur, Luzón, between BATOANG (bah-twang'); islet in Cápiz, Panay, in pueblos of Santo Domingo on SW. and Ma Duyag anchorage. singal on NW. BATO-BATÓ (bah-toh'-bah-toh'), nat.; hamlet on BATERÍA (bah-tay-ree -ah), Sp.; point on which E. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao. stands Fort of Puerto Princesa and headland of that town, on angle of Princesa port, N. | BATÓ-LAQUÁN (bah-toh'-lah-kwan'), ver.; river shore, E. coast of Palawan. in Sámar. BATON (bah-tohn'), nat; river emptying on SE. BATGONGON (but-gohng'-ohn), ver.; island of shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Cana hauan grp., off W. coast of Sámar, Luzón. - village and hill 243 ft. high, on E. shore of BATOTINDOC (bah-toh-tin-dock'), nat.; point at island of that name, of Canahauan I., off w. N. head to Sibuco Bay, W. coast of Zam- coast of Sámar. boanga, Mindanao. BATIANAO (but-yah'-now), ver.; point on E. coast - W. coast hamlet of Zamboanga, Mindanao, of Mindanao, near Lamigan Pt., entrance to 304 m. N. of Zamboanga. Pujada Bay, 7 m, SE. of Mati, Davao, Min- BATSIJE (bat-sce'-hay), ver.; river rising in Cor- danao. dillera central and emptying into sea on W. - hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, 1 m. S. of Mam coast of Cebu. busao. BATTANG (but-tung'), ver.; mountain on bound- - hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, 24 m. S. of Mayón. ary between Ilcos Sur and Abra, Luzon. BATIG (bah-tig'). ver.. mountain in Bohol Vi. BATUA (bah-twah'), ver.; mountain 1.284 ft. high sayas, 12 m. SE. by E. of Calape. on Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., overlooking port Dos Amigos. BATIGA (bah-tea-'gah), nat.; hamlet in Abra, Lu- - hamlet on coast of Sámar, 11 m. SE. of zón, on 1. bank of Ulip Riv., near Lepanto Santa Margarita. boundary. BATUAN (bah-twahn'), ver.; hamlet in central BATIGUAGUAN (bah-tea-gwah'-gwahn), ver. (See Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 6 m. S. of W. of San Balambón, Cebu.) Dionisio. BATILAO (bah-tea-lah'-00), ver.; hamlet in cen - hamlet of Bohol, Visayas, 3 m. NW. of tral Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 24 m. SW. of Vilar. Sara. BATUANÁN (bah-twah-nun'), ver.; Pueblo, in BATINO (bah-tea'-noh), ver.; town in Masbate, Bohol, Visayas 45 m. NNE. of Tagbilaran. Visayas. Pop., 1896, 1,270. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 351 BATUANÁN (bah-twah-nun'), nat.; hamlet in BAUBUHAN (bow-boo-hahn), ver.; mountain in Cebú, near coast. Bohol, Visa yas. BATÚBOC (bah-too'-bock), Tag.; mountain in BAUCALOCAN (bow-cah-law'-cahn), ver.; small Rizal, Luzón. stream emptying into sea S. of Zamboanguita, BATUECAS (bah-tway'-cahs), Sp.; port on SW. SE. coast of Negros Oriental. coast of Bucas I., NW. of Sibonga port, off | BAUCO (bow-coh), ver.; town in Lepanto, Luzón. NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. BÁUD (bah-ood), ver.; hamlet on Sw. shore of BATUG (bah-toog'), ver.; town in Ilocos Norte, Sámar. Luzón. BAÚJAN (bah-oo'-hahn), ver.; most N. of 3 islets 7 BATULAKÍ (bah-too-lah-key') nat.: hamlet on ex- m. off Pacific shore of Sámar, opposite Parac, treme S. shore of Davao, Mindanao, on bay at mouth of Ulut Riv. (See Linao and Fulín.) of same name, 102 m. S. by W. of Dávao. BAÚL (bah-ool'). Sp.: islet 3 m. S. of Cabanisan - small open bay to SW. on extreme S. shore Pt., s. coast of Sámar, Visayas. (See Mani- of Dávao, Mindanao. Hamlet of same name cani I.) is on its shore. BAUSAC (bow-suck'), ver.; mountain in W. coast BATULAMPÁN (bah-too-lum-pun'), ver.; W. point range of Bohol, Visayas, 5 m. NW. of Carmen. of Mindanao, steep, with a fiat crown, 15, m. WNW. of Zamboanga. Shore is low and coy- BAUTISTA (bah-oo-tees'-tah), Sp.; railroad and ered with trees. Coasters going from Zam post-office station in Pangasinan, Luzon. boanga W. often land their crews and track BAVERSTOCK, for.; point in approach to Dal- their vessels to Pt. Caldera. rymple Harbor, N. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A. BATÚLAO (bah-too'-lah-oo); mountain in Batan BAXASA (balk-sah-sah), nat., point on E. coast gs, Luzón, in range which divides provinces of island of same name, on gulf of Lingayen. of Cavite and Batangas, along N. shore of BAY(bah-ay' [nat. pron.], by' (Sp. pron.]); pueblo Taal (Bombón) Lake. in Laguna, Luzón, on S. shore of Laguna de BATULAYOL (bah-too-lah-yoll'), ver.; point at Bay, 11 m. SW. of Santa Cruz. Pop., pueblo, E. entrance to Sarangani Strait, on extreme 1896, 1,796. N. end of Sarangani I., 8 m. SE. of Guay - island 307 ft. high, largest of group in en- Pt., on mainland of Davao, Mindanao. trance to Jibboom Bay, W. coast of Palawan. BATULINAO (bah-too-lee-now'), ver.; point on - 2 islands in Imurúan Bay, larger 500 ft. high W. side of NE. peninsula of Cagayán, Luzón. and 1 m. in length., NW. coast of Palawan. BATÚ MANDÍ (bah-too' mun-dee'), ver.; rock - head of bay into which Cooks Channel awash 2 m. W.of Tatalón, Balanguingui grp., opens on N., on E. coast of Palawan. Sulu A. - point on SW. coast of Sámar. BATUNAN (bah-tool-nun), ver.; hamlet on W. coast road of Antique, Panay, 4 m. S. of Colasi. BAYA (bah'-yah), Sp.; hamlet on 1. bank of An- - island off S. coast Busuanga I., Calamianes tigas, 3 m. NE. of Catbalogan, Sámar. grp., in approach to Mangle Bay. BAYABA (bah-yah'-bah), nat.; river in Mindanao. BATURAUE (bah-too-rah'-way), ver.; river in BAYABAS (bah-yah'-bus), nat.: hamlet in Panga- Leyte. sinán, Luzón, on Agno Riy. road, 13 m. S. of BATURRAPA (bah-too-rrah'-pah), ver.; one of Lingayen. Also Bayábag. cluster of islets, m. E. and W., separated - range of mountains in Benguet, Luzón. from Tankan I. by narrow channel and sur - peak in Caraballos Sur, Ambos Camarines, rounded by dangerous rocks off NE. coast Luzón, of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., on W. side of N. en- - hamlet in Ilocos Sur, Luzón. trance to Tambiluanga channel. BAYÁBAY (bah-yah-by), ver.; small stream emp- BATÚ TANDOK (bah-tool tun-dock'), ver.; high tying into sea on s. coast of Tayabas, Luzon. point 9 m. s. by W., im. W. of Cáuit Pt., with Hatsummit, on w. shore of Zamboanga Penin- BAYAGUA (bah-yah'-gwah); point in Mindanao. sula, Mindanao. At 130 yds. from it is small BAYALNÁN (bah-yull-nun'), ver.; narrow island pointed rock called Horn Rock. (See Boton- 4 m. long, central of Ginatúan grp., 4 m. S. tilot.) of Dinagat I., off NW. extreme of Sámar. BATYÁN (but-yun'), nat.; island off S. coast of Channel between this and Ginatúan safe. Mindanao in lat. 7° 41' N. BAYAMBÁN (bah-yum-bahn'), ver.; point in Zam- BAUAN (bah'-wahn), nat.; point on E. shore of bales, Luzon. extreme SE. Sámar. BAYAMBANG (bah-yam-bang'), ver.; pueblo of - pueblo in Batangas, Luzón. Pop., 1896, Pangasinan, Luzón, 21 m. SE. of Lingayen, on 39,659, est. railroad from Dagupan and Manila at its BÁUANG (bah'-wang), nat.: town of importance crossing of Agno Riy, and also at converging next to capital, from which it is 4 m. NW.. in point and crossing of same stream by several main roads from N. and thence to Manila. Batangas, Luzón. It is connected with inte- rior by several good roads. Rivers Manguiras Pop., pueblo, 1896, 8,505. and Lagnas, between which it is situated, BAYÁN (bah-yahn'); hamlet in Lanao, scene of enter Batangas Bay at this point. Pop., 39,659. an engagement with Moros in spring of 1902. - broad river rising in Benguet and after E. BAYANAN (bah-yah'-nahn); pueblo in Negros course emptying into China Sea at town of Oriental. same name in Unión, Luzón. BAYANGA (bah-yahng'-ah), ver.; hamlet on 1. - town of 7.701 inhabitants, Unión, Luzón. bank of Cagayán Riv., 7m. s. by W.of Cagayan on N. side of mouth of river of same name, at de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. crossing of coast highway and 5 m. S. of San BAYANGAN (bah-yahng'-ahn), ver.; river in Ne- Fernando. Has brisk coast and river trade. gros Oriental, entering small bay 3 m. N. Pop., pueblo, 1896, 8,619. of Ayurīgon, E. coast. BÁUANG, or BAOANG (bah'-wong, bah'-wang), BAYAS (bah'-yus), Sp.: small river emptying into nat.; hamlet in Pangasinan, Luzón, in barren sea on S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, SE. of regions between mountains on E. and sea on Mabio Pt. W., near banks of one of delta outlets into Manila Bay. - group of 4 islets, 3} m. SE. of Capo Pt., E. coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay. They ex- BAUAUE (bah-wah'-way), ver.; town in Qui tend 13 m. from E. to W. Name islet of angán comandancia, Luzon. group is 1 m. long and 2 m, off shore. Small BAUBAON (bow-bah'-ohn), nat.; point, head to crafts find sheltered anchorage in all winds. Inamucan port, on W. shore of Iligan Bay, BAYATDÁN (cah-yut-dunn), nat,: hamlet in Misamis, Mindanao. Albay, Luzon, on plain at foot of Bulang Mt. 352 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BAYATÍN (bah-yah-tin'). Tag.: hamlet on main | BAZOL (bah-yohl'), nat.; bay on W. coast of Zam- highway 15 m.NW.of Tárlac, in Tarlac, Luzón. bales, Luzón, formed between Caiman Pt., N., and Hermanos I., S. Its entrance is obstructed BAYATNÁN (bah-yut-nun'), ver.; one of Guntuan by Culebra I., and many rocks; it also receives I. lying to SE. of name island, NE., of Min several streams from Zambales Mts. (See danao and S. of Dinagat I. It is 4 sq. m. Dasol.) in area. Channel between this island and BEATA (bay-ah'-tah), Sp.; village in E. part of Guntuan is 2 m. wide, but greatly reduced by suburb of Pandacan, Manila municipality. number of islets in S. end. It is practicable, however, for steamers, which is not the fact | BEAUFORT, for.; peak of Peel Mt., 3,680 ft. high, in passages between W. islands of cluster and E. coast of Palawan, on NW. shore of Puerto coast of Mindanao. Princesa Bay. BAYAUAN (bah-yah'-wahn): pueblo of Negros - mountain 3,680 ft. high, on W. coast of Pala- Oriental, on N. shore of Tolón Bay, Sw.coast wan. (See Long Pt.) of Negros I., 29 m. W. of Dumaguete, on oppo BEEHIVE, for.; point S. head to Taguipa Inlet, E. site coast. shore Ulugan Bay, W. coast Palawan. BAYBAY (by-by'), nat.; town in Leyte, on W. BEGOÑA (bay-goh'-nyah), Sp.; former fort in Isa- coast, 40 m. E. of S. of Tacloban and 17 m. E. bela, Luzón. of Camote I., opposite across sea channel. Pop., pueblo, 1896, 17,367. BEGUÍS (bay-geese), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, on r, bank of Abra Riv., 2 m. N. of - hamlet on N. shore of Leyte, 64 m. NE. of Bangued. Barugo. BÉJAR (bay'-har), Sp.; town of importance on - inlet in same province. NW. shore of Davao Gulf, Davao, Mindanao. - hamlet 2 m. W. by N. of Borongan, in Sámar. Is situated li m. SW. of mouth of Tagum - river in Luzón. Riv., stream of considerable importance. BAYO (bah'-yoh), Sp.; mountain 6 m. NE. of Cat- BEKTASAN (bek-tah'-sahn). ver.: hamlet on SW. balogan, in Sámar. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, 102 m. SW. of Dávao. BAYOCAN (bah-yoh'-cahn), nat.; summit 318 ft. E. by W. of Šúbic, N. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. BELAN (bay'-lahn), ver.; point opposite Diang. coast of Zambales, Luzón. appik Pt., forming marks of Sulu roadstead, Sulu I., Sulu A. BAYOMBONG) bah-yom-bong'), nat., capital, p.o., pueblo of Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón, on Magat BELAUAN (bay-lah'-00-ahn), ver.; one of Salames Riv. and main highway and telegraph line, I., in Balanguingui gp., Sulu A. (See Bulan I.) about 125 m. N. by E. of Manila, and is in tele- BELÉN (bay-layn'), Sp.; town on 1. shore of Dá- graphic communication. Province is but vao Riv., 5 m. E. of boundary with Misamis, sparsely inhabited, capital is in center of in- 184 m. NW. by N. of Davao, Davao, Mindanao. dustry, and has population of 3,691. At this point main highway via San Isidro to Manila - hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 41 m. SW. by W. of crosses Magat Riv., pursuing r. shore until it Banate. approaches Aritao where it returns to l. bank. - hamlet on r. bank of small stream empty- - river in Leyte. . ing into sea 13 m. below Colasi, W. coast of Antique, Panay. BAYONAN (bah-yoh'-nun), nat.; river in Iloilo, Panay, passing near town of San Joaquin, in - hamlet in Leyte, 3 m. SE. of Leyte. pueblo of that name. - hamlet in Ilocos Sur, Luzón, in pueblo of BAYONGA-DACO (bah-yong'-ah-dah'-coh), ver.; San Ildefonso. hamlet on extreme SW. coast of Antique, BELK, or HUMMOCK, for.; one of Serangani I., Panay, 13 m. N. of Anini-y. off extreme S. coast of Davao, Mindanao. (See BAYORÍA (bah-yoh-ree'-ah), Hisp.; point on is Balut I.) land of Sibuyán, Romblon. BELISON (bay-lee-sone'), Sp.; hamlet on N. side BAY PEAK, for.; conical hill 1,800 ft. high, 5 m. of mouth of Sibalom Riv., W.coast of Antique, beyond Barbacan Pt., E. coast of Palawan. Panay. BAYUCON (bah-you'-cohn), nat.; point E. head BELITA (bay-leel-tah), Hisp.; point on SW. coast of Malavinúan Cove, S. coast of Dávao, Min- of Negros Occidental, 26 m. SE. of Inayauan. danao. BELLO (bay'-lyoh), Sp.; N. point to entrance, BAYUMBONAN (bah-yoom-boh'-nun), ver.; river Port Bello, bay on W. shore of Ormoc Bay, W. in Misamis, Mindanao, rising on N. coast, flows coast of Leyte. (See Port Bello.) E. to W. and empties into Panguil lagoon. BENAGALET (bay-nah-gah-layt'), ver.; W. point of Calumpan Peninsula, rock bluff between BAYUYO (bah-you’-yoh); hamlet of pueblo of Balayán and Batangas bays, Batangas, Luzón. Tandag, Surigao. Mindanao, on E. coast, near Cavite Pt. and bay inclosed by it on S. BENANG (bay-nung') nat.; hamlet in Singuey BAYUYUNGAN (bah-you-yoong'-ahn), ver.; vil- Mts., Abra, Luzon. lage near NW. shore of Taal Bay, Batangas, BENDO (bayn'-dau), Hisp. (See Mutanay vil- Luzón. lage.) BENGUET, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Ben-get', nat.) Capital: Baguío, lat. 16° 32' N., lon. 120° 38' 50% E. approximately Area: 990 sq. m. Population: 15,871 (census of 1887). Race: Ilocanos and Igorrotes called Benguetanos. Language: Ilocano and Benguetano. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Baguio to- Manila, S... San Fernando, W. by Trinidad, SW....... BAGUIO, BENGUET, LUZÓN. Site of proposed sanitarium. IGORROTE HOUSE OF THE BETTER CLASS, BAGUIO, BENGUET, LUZÓN. Young coffee bushes in foreground. IGORROTE RICE TERRACES, CABAYAN, BENGUET, LUZÓN. THE IGORROTE HEADMEN OF BUGIAS, BENGUET, LUZÓN. An Igorrote constable in the center. IGORROTE MUSICIANS, BAGUIO, BENGUET, LUZÓN. SABLÁN, BENGUET, LUZÓN. ABANDONED INSURGENT GUN FOUNDRY AT SABLÁN, BENGUET, LUZÓN. PINUS INSULARIS, BENGUET, LUZÓN. Tree 45 inches in diameter. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 353 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Benguet is one of the inland provinces, near the W.coast of Luzón. It is bounded on the N. by Union and Lepanto, on the E. by Nueva Vizcaya, on the S. by Pangasinan, and on the W. by Unión. AREA. It measures 55 m. from N. to S., and 26 m. from E. to W. Area, 990 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The province lies in a pocket pointing N. between the hign summits of branches of the great Caraballo chain, some of the peaks reaching an elevation of 7,000 ft. Owing to the altitude, the climate very much resembles the temperate zone, and its capital, Baguio, is the proposed site for a sanitarium for the troops from the S. proy- inces. The source of the Agno Riv. lies across the N. point of this province, near Mt. Bansa, and within 2 m. of the Magat, the main tributary of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., which empties on the N. coast. The main stream of the Agno flows the entire length of the province, from N. to S., into Pangasinan, and thence into the gulf of Lingayen (China Sea). The country is very mountainous, covered with grass and fine forests of large trees, with no underbrush. In many particulars the landscape resembles an American park. The water is of excellent quality, and abundant. CLIMATE. A comparison between the temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall at Baguio, Benguet, and Manila shows the following results: Manila. Baguio. Differ- ence. OOOOOO 95.3 72.4 81.4 76.8 59 65.9 69.3 63.5 5.46 18.5 13.4 15.5 17.7 12.3 5.84 87 75.8 11.3 Temperature, August: Maximum... Minimum .. Mean................. Mean daily maximum. Mean daily minimum... Mean daily variation. Humidity, August: Maximum.. Minimum.. Mean.. Rainfall .. Mean temperature: September... October .. Mean humidity: September .. October ......... Rainfall: September.. October ....... .... per cent.. ..do.... ....do.... inches.. 81 86.9 28.5 97.4 83.6 91.6 37.04 2.4 2.6 4.7 8.54 OF.. 81.5 66.9 67.6 14.6 13.6 .....°F.. 81 per cent.. ..do.... 86.3 83.2 89.4 83.1 3.1 .1 inches.. ...do.... 11.32 6.9 12.16 4.96 .84 1.94 YEARLY TEMPERATURE. Manila. Baguio. 75.2 46.4 77 62.6 Maximum .... Minimum... Mean.. Barometer, mean pressure .. Humidity, mean ... Days of rain, mean number. Quantity .. .. F.. 96.8 ...F.. 60.8 OF.. inches.. 29.7 ... per cent.. 64 160 .......inches.. 78-118 25.2 60 160 59-78 S. Doc. 280— 23 354 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The means of communication is by horse trail or, in the mountains, in chairs swung on bamboo poles and borne by men. The products of the country are transported in the same manner. The road along the coast from San Fernando de la Unión to Naguiling, and thence by trail to Trinidad, is good, the latter easily convertible into a wagon road from the highway. The construction of 55 m. of railroad, already sur- veyed, will open a health resort on the elevated tablelands of Benguet, free from tropical vegetation, covered with forests of pine, and having the climate of the N. temperate zone. Baguio is 132 m. in a straight line from Manila; by the Manila and Dagupan Railroad route to Dagupan, 120 m., and thence by shortest railroad route to Baguio, 55 m.-total, 175 m. POPULATION AND TOWNS. There are 15,175 registered inhabitants, mostly Igorrotes called Benguetanos, speaking that language and Ilocano. A school report of population gives total of 17 pueblos, 818 Ilocanos, 14,630 Igorrotes; school population, 2, 173; number able to read and write, 405. The Ilocano population is practically confined to the pueblos Galiano and Trinidad. The following is the division of Benguet into pueblos and their population: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 133 318 287 726 330 362 271 631 536 1,418 655 682 370 Benguet: Abundao.. Adaoay. Ampusingan Atoc... Baguio Balábac ........ Bocot... Buguias. Cabayan ... Capangan. Daclan.. Galiano Guibungan. Itogon... Loo....... Palina.... Sablán Trinidad ..... Tublay 138 313 249 692 325 320 346 592 655 561 478 419 283 112 474 191 223 819 599 716 1,113 1,236 1,094 521 581 533 516 451 402 137 541 994 201 870 685 249 1,015 392 543 1,589 1, 182 320 770 583 Total 8,082 7,789 15,871 Ambuclao not reported in 1887. Pop., 1896, 202. Estimated 1901, 15,175. These defiles admit of the passage or uwoven The following are the principal towns: Baguío; the capital under the organic act, established on the banks of the Agno Riv., at the junction of one of its tributaries, 8 m. NE. of Trinidad, the former cap- ital. Pop., 32 Ilocanos, 811 Igorrotes. Agno; near the river of that name, celebrated for its potatoes and beans. Carao; on the W. slope of the mountain boundary between the province and Nueva Vizcaya, 16 m. NE. of Baguio. Galiano; at the head of a diverging pass in the SW. part of the province, near the boundary with Unión. These defiles admit of the passage of two of the tribu- taries of one of the rivers of Union, which enters the China Sea at Aringay. The soil in this vicinity is very fertile. Pop., 397 Ilocanos, 102 Igorrotes. Sudab; in the vicinity of important copper mines. Taquian; celebrated for its potatoes and beans, which are not excelled in quality in America. Tavao; in the vicinity of important copper mines. Trinidad; situated on a plain near a small lake 3 m. in circumference. It is 8 m. SW. of Baguio. The country is high, the climate salubrious, and the situation picturesque. Pop. in 1901, 304 Ilocanos, 1,467 Igorrotes. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 355 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The soil in the valleys is fertile and productive and adapted to the crops of the tem- perate zone. Among the principal crops are wheat, rice, coffee, tea, and corn. The sweet potatoes (camotes) and beans grown in the vicinity of Agno and Taquian are equal in quality with those products of America. Vegetables also grow successfully. The camote is the chief article of food of the natives and is raised in large quantities. MINERALS. In the vicinity of Tavao, Sudab, and Baguio are mines of copper, which have been successfully worked by natives. Gold, iron, coal, limestone, and clay also exist. FORESTS. The province is covered with large areas of pine lands, oak, camagón, narra, calantés, (cedar), and molave. Also gigantic ferns. The rush from which comes the pith manufactured by the Chinese into wicks for cocoanut-oil lamps, and known in the Philippines as “Tinsin,” grows in abundance in the forests. Also the sarsaparilla and wild mulberry. FRUITS. The pineapple and strawberry of excellent varieties are the principal fruits. INDUSTRIES. The manufacture of bags and hats at Carao and the weaving of fabrics for home use are the chief industries. There are also fine ranges for grazing cattle, the num- ber of which before the war was placed at 5,000. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. This province was occupied during the first campaign in N. Luzón, and in the departmental organization was garrisoned by United States troops at Trinidad. In the general pacification this station was withdrawn. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. This province was created by enactment of the Philippine Commission, November 23, 1900, to embrace that territory in the island of Luzon known as the province of Benguet." The inhabitants being almost wholly non-Christian Igorrotes special provisions for provincial and municipal administration were applied. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor... .. $1,500 Secretary .... 1, 000 Inspector 400 “These officers to reside and have their offices in the township of Baguio, which is declared the capital of the province.” The chief of the bureau of forestry is required to assign a forester to the province, to reside at Baguio and to perform the duties prescribed by general law for forestry, except that he shall collect no revenue for firewood used by native residents for household, house building, or fencing purposes. The act also provides other details for local government within this province. BENNENG (ben-neng'), ver.; hamlet in Benguet, | BENTOAN; point W. coast of Palawan and E. Luzon, Pop., 500. head to Ulugan Bay, peak of same name, N. BENNET, for.; bank above water, 12 m. SW. of 1 m. E., is landmark. Bagupaniao Pt., Masbate I., Visayas. BERMEJO (ber-may' hoh), Sp.; hamlet near SE. BENTOAN (ben-twahn'). ver.; peak 1.730 ft. high, ceast of Cebú, 3 m WNW. of Nueva Cáceres. S. of Sangbauen and landmark of small BERO (bay'-rau). ver.; stream on W. coast of Gui. inlet of Ulugan Bay, Palawan, 1 m. inland marás I., off Iloilo, entering strait of Iloilo at from point of same name. Nagaba. 356 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BERRUGOSA (ber-roo-goh'-sah), Sp.; point at S. | BIGÁ; town in Catanduanes I., off E. coast of entrance to bay on NW. coast of Dinagat I. Luzón, on bank of Oco Riv., 3 m. S. of Payo, and headland of approach to Surigao Strait. on N. coast. (Also Viga.) Also lies at end of narrow peninsula which BIGAÁ (bee-gah-ah'), nat.; mountain 9 m. W. of divides 2 important bays on NW. coast of Tabug, in central Sámar. Dinagat I. Twins islets lie 2, m. NNE. of this - hamlet in Antique, Panay, 4 m. E. of point. Barbaza. BESAO (bay-sah'-00), Sp.; pueblo in Lepanto, Lu- zón, 18 m. from Cervantes. Pop., 660. - pueblo in Bulacán, Luzón, on r. bank of one of outlets of Pampanga delta, 2 m. N. of - mountain in same province: Bulacán, also on Manila R. R., which here also BESSIE, for.; middle of 3 low islands, 1 m. from crosses one of outlets of Pampanga Riv. Pop., each other, NE. from Crawford Cove I. Bay, Cn., 1896, 7,561; 1898, 8,120, est. E. coast of Palawan. BIGAAN (bee-gah'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in Antique, BETBET (bayt-bayt'), ver.; point 24 m. NE. of Panay, 2 m. NE. of Antique. Capsalai I., NW. coast of Palawan. BIGAN (bee'-gahn); hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, 1 BETIS (bay'-tis), Sp.; pueblo in Pampanga, Lu- m. SW. of Numancia. zón, 1. m. SW. of Bacolor. Pop., 4,460. BIG BIGA (big-bee'-gah), nạt.; hamlet of IlocoS BETIS (SAN FERNANDO) (bay'-tis, sahn-fayr Sur, Luzón. nahn'-doh), Sp.; riyer of Pampanga, Luzón. BIGNIAN (big-neel-ahn), ver.; hamlet on W. coast BETUAGAN (bay-twah'-gun), ver.; pueblo of Bon of Polillo I., off coast of Infanta, Luzón, 25, m. toc, Luzón, 14 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 285, ENE. of Binangonan de Lampón. township having 366. BIGÓ (bee-goh'), ver.; small tributary on S. of BIASONG (bee-ah-song'), ver.; hamlet and point Ulut Riv., Sámar. on NW. shore of Ormoc Bay on S. coast of - hamlet on N. coast of Sámar, 3 m. SE. Leyte, 4 m. E. of Ormoc. across channel from Laguan. - point on W. side of bay on S. shore of Libu- BIGUAN (bee-goo'ahn), ver.; hamlet on E. shore can, Dacó I., off W. coast of Sámar. of Ilana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao, Cabalata -S. headland to bay on S. coast of Leyte, 2 peak overlooks hamlet. m. N. of Merida. BIHINTINUSA (bee-hin-tee-noo'-sah), ver.; is- BIAUI (byah'-we), ver.; point on E. side of en land sq. m. E. of Manghal Pt., off S. shore trance to Panguil Bay and port Misamis, in of Basilan I. Sulu A. SW. angle of Iligan Bay, N. coast of Misamis, BIHUANGA (bee-hoo-ahng'-ah), ver.; hamlet on Mindanao. E. shore of Macajalar Bay, N. coast of Misa- BIBITO (bee-bee'-toh), nat.; hamlet in pueblo mis, Mindanao, 314 m. N. by E. of Cagayan de Sipocot, in Ambos Camarines Norte), on Misamis. tributary of Sipocot. BIJUTAN (bee-hoo'-tahn), nat.; islet of Cuyos BICAL (bee-cull'), nat.; river of Ilocos Sur, grp. on W. of Cuyo I. Lat. 10° 48' N. Luzón, in S. of pueblo of Lapog. BIJUTAN, IRAO, or CULEBRA (bee-hoo'-tahn, BICOBÍAN (bec-coh-bee'-ahn), ver.; port on E. ee-rah'-oh, coo-lay'-brah), ver., island sq.m. coast of Isabela, Luzon. Anbareda Pt., E. side in area, 37 m. off S. point of Dalupiri I. of of its entrance on Spanish surveys, 1859, lies Babuyanes grp. Ocean current between this in lat. 17° 15' 20" N., long. 122° 24' E. and Fuga and Mabac Is, rushes with velocity BICOL (bee'-coll), ver.; tortuous stream leaving of a mill race and with great violence. Bat) Lake on N. side, flowing NW. across BILA Á (bee-lah-ah), ver.; extreme NW. point of Ambos Camarines (Sur) as far as Bay San Mindanao and forms conspicuous headland Miguel. Is channel of large trade in rice on SE. shore of Surigao Strait, NW. or op- between Albay and Ambos Camarines, car- posite shore at Caybiran Pt., Leyte being 12 m. goes being conveyed in boats as far as BILAD (bee-lad'). ver.; point in Negros Occi- Quinali, thence to destination by buffalo dental. carts. Stream is lined with luxuriant vegeta- tion, forests abounding in monkeys, and river - village in Tarlac, Luzón. bank in water fowl. River, receiving drain BILAM-BILAM, or BITANBILAN (bee-lam-bee- age of extensive mountain mass through nu lam', bee-lahn-bee'-lahn)ver., port lying merous tributaries, has converted valley into 1 m. s. of Surigao, N. coast of Mindanao, extensive rice field. (See Quinali and Inaya affording anchorage for few small coasters rivers.) (Also Vicol.) trading at Siargao; open bay to E. is main - principal river of S. Luzón. Rises on slopes anchorage, which, however, is much exposed. of Mt. Isarog, Ambos Camarines, and flows BILÁN, or BILAA (bee-lahn', bee-lah'-ah), ver.; toward SW., dividing into 2 branches, smaller point at N, extremity of Mindanao, 13 m. SW. one taking SE. course until it empties into of mainland of Dinagat I. Several islands lie lake of Bató, while main branch follows SW. in intervening channel. Point is also termi- direction, and passing through Nueva CS nation of range of hills which approaches from ceres, San Nicolas, and Pañón, empties after S. Also forms SE, head of Surigao Strait, 14 m. course of 112 m. at Cabusan into Bay of San wide, separating it from extreme SE. point of Miguel. Its tributaries on 1. bank rise in Co Panaón I., off SE. extreme of Leyte. lasi Mts, and Mt. Amtig. River forms, with BILANAGAN (bee-lah-nah'-gahn), ver., town on Quinali and Lipocot, basis of hydrography of NW. shore of Mayo Bay and at land end of province, and is of no small importance to Guanguan Peninsula, on E. coast of Dávao, geology of Ambos Camarines. Mindanao, 48 m. SE. by E. of Davao. BÍCOL-BÍCOL (beel-call-bee'-call);. hamlet at BILAN-BILAN (bee-lahn-bee'-lahn), ver.; point 3 junction of main roads in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, m. SW. of Bilaa, extreme NW. land of Min- 8 m. NE. of San Isidro. danao. BICUNGAN, or BẮCUNGAN (bee-coong-ahn, bah-1 BILAO (bee-lah'-oh), nat.; small stream entering coong-ahn); hamlet on 1, bank of Tágum sea on W.coast of Antique, Panay, 1 m. S. of Riv., 37 m. above its mouth on NW. shore of Pacci Pt. Dávao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao. BILÁRANG-HIPON (bee-lah'-rung hee'-pohn), BIDE (bee'-day), ver.; hamlet on Célebes Sea Tag., village immediately across NE. boun. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, 7 m. SW. of dary of Manila municipality, on road toward Cotabato. Balic-Balic in Sampaloc district. BIGA (bee-gah'), nat.; hamlet in Nueva Ecija onBILAT (bee-laht'), nat.; river emptying on NW. road near 1. bank of upper Pampanga Riv., shore of Nin Bay, SW. coast of Masbate, 25 m. NE. of San Isidro Visayas. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 357 PORT OF BIKOBIAN From a Spanish Governnient Survey 1859. Aubarede Pos Laos 3 approre rallcolo O Sony Seah 7 u 12 SA Aubarede pt ja 20 358 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BINAANG (bee-nah-ang'), ver.; hamlet on S. shore of Leyte, 2 m. SE. of Quiot. BINABALÍAN (bee-nah-bah-lee'-ahn), nat.; point and village on SW. shore of Santiago I., off extreme NE. coast of Zambales, Luzon. It consists of rocky cliff 87 ft. high used as land- mark through center of channel which has least depth of 9 fms. in entrance proper, lead- ing to anchorage of Bolinao on extreme N. point of Zambales, Luzon. In heavy N. weather there is an area of heavy seas about 6 m. NW. of entrance to port. Anchorage SE. and E. of Bina balian Pt. affords perfect pro- tection from all directions. Channel between islands is about 500 yds. wide with depth from 9 to 19 fms. Fresh water may be obtained from large spring on shore S. and opposite point. BILAT; commanding point on E. shore of San Pedro Bay, 9 m. SE. of Basey, Samar. BILATAN (bee-lah'-tahn), nat.; hamlet on E. coast of Panaón I., SE. of Leyte, on Surigao Strait. - island 3, m. by 2 m.in extent, on E. side of great Bilok Bilok Reef, S. of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. There are large villages in interior and extensive trade in native boats with Tawi Tawi I. and islands to SW. There is chain of islets extending SW. of Bilatan 9 m. -island of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A., 4 m.NE. to SW. and 5 m. SE. of Tawi Tawi. - point on island of Panaón, SE. of Leyte. BILÁTANG (bee-lah'-tang), ver.; river of some size in Ilocos Norte, Luzón. Pasuquin town is at its mouth. BILIBILI (bee-lee-beel-lee), ver.; hamlet on l. bank of Abalan Riv., 2 m. above Paminuitan at its mouth, SW. coast of Bohol, Visayas. BILIMTINUSA (bee-lim-tee-noo'-sah), ver.; small low island, sandy and wooded, less than 1 m. from S. coast of Basilan, Sulu A. BILIRAN (bee-lee'-rahn), ver.; island of Visayan grp., separated from Sámar on NE. by Daram Channel, 22 m., and on SW. from Leyte by sea channel, 2 m. wide. Island is 22 m, from SE. to NW., and 14 m. from NE. to SW. Surface is rugged, being part of mountain system of Philippines, which from submarine ranges have their outcrop in islands of archipelago. Biliran grp. is continuation of these altama- rine elevations from Luzon and they continue through Leyte and Panaón into Mindanao. Valleys of Biliran, copiously watered, produce large yields of products of islands, and give employment and comfort to large population. Has deposits of sulphur of excellent quality. Chief ports are Caibiran, E.; Biliran, s.; Naval and Almería, N. coasts. Island is divided into 2 districts, N. and S., by line extending from Caibiran on E. across island to Naval on W. coast. - pueblo of island of that name, on SW. coast, fronting on sea channel, 3 m. wide, to- ward Leyte. Pop., 6,201. - small stream entering sea at Malitbog. W. shore Sogod Bay, Leyte. - anchorage in island of Biliran. - channel between NW. point of Leyte and SW. coast of Biliran. BILITAN (bee-lee'-tahn), ver.; islands in Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. BILLANGÚAN (bee-lyahn-good-ahn), ver.; island #m. long, 18 m. SW. of Dok-Kan, Laparan grp., Sulu A. Is low and covered with trees. BILOAN (bee-law'-ahn), ver.; inlet in island of Biliran, N. of Leyte, BILSATI (beel-sah'-tea). ver., hamlet on SW. coast of Biliran, m. NW. of Biliran, on sea channel separating it from Leyte. BÍLUG (beel-loog), nat.; hill in Sámar near S. bank of Matinao Riv., 7 m. NW. of Tubig. BIMACÁN (bee-mah-cahn'), ver.; hamlet near NW. coast of Bohol, Visayas, 3 m. E. of Tubigón. BIMUNGAN (bee-moong/-ahn), ver.; peak in ridges of Ilocos Norte, Caraballos Occidenta- les, Luzón, 3,900 ft. high. BIMUNTÁN (bee-moon-tahn'), nat.; range of mountains in N.Luzón, defining boundaries be. tween provinces of Cagayán, Abra, and Ilocos Norte. Its E. extreme begins at first proy- ince, and extends to SW. between Ilocos Norte and Abra and thence S. between Abra and Ilocos Sur, and contains several of grand peaks of Caraballos Occidentales, which forms part of Cordilleras del Norte. BIMUNTUANG (bee-moon-twahng'), nat.; hamlet of pueblo of Catubig, Sámar. BINABASALAN (bee-nah-bah-sah'-lahn); island off S. coast of Sámar, E. of Gigoso Pt., in line with approach to N. entrance to Guiuan. BINACA (bee-nah'-cah), nat.; hamlet in Panga- sinán, Luzón. BINACAEN (bee-nah-cah'-enn), nat.; summit 828 ft. high, SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón, inland from Kubi Pt. BINACAYAN (bee-nah-cah'-yahn), Tag.; village on S. shore of Bacoor Bay, SE. of mouth of Imus Riv., Cavite, Luzón. - town in Cavite, Luzón, on road to and 2 m. SE. of Cavite across bay, 6 m. by highway, and at starting point of road across prov- ince to Talisay, in Batangas, on N. shore of Laguna de Taal. BINACLIGAN (bee-nah-clee'-gun), nat.; summit 240 ft. on l. bank, S. branch of river of same name, SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. river with 2 outlets emptying on E. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón, opposite Rivera Pt. BINADIL (bee-nah-dill'), ver.; port and inlet in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. BINAG (bee-nug'), nat.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, situated among spurs of Caraballos Occiden- tales, in lat. 16° 28' N. BINAGATAN (bee-nah-gah'-tahn), nat.; Mountain in Pampanga, Luzón, on boundary of Zam- bales. It is one of most elevated of Cordi- llera of that name E. of peaks of Súbic. BINAGBAG (bee-nuy-bug'), Tag.; Hamlet of Bu- lacán, Luzón. BINAGMAAN (bee-nag-mah-ahn'), ver.; point on W. shore of Leyte, 3 m. W. of Quiot. BINAGÓN (bee-nah-gone'), nat.; point on W. shore of Romblon port, Romblon, Visayas. BINAGTINOAN (bee-nag-tee-noh-ahn), ver.; mountain in Central Range of Leyte, 10 m. SW. of Abuyog, on E. coast. BINAGUIOJAN (bee-nah-gee-oh'-hahn), ver.; mountain in Cordillera Central, 8 m. E. of Dumangue, on W. coast of Cebú. BINALABA (bee-nah-lah'-bah), ver.; northeastern- most of Lina pacan chain, 11 m. NE. of Lina- pacan I., NE. of Palawan. BINALAC (bee-nah-lak'), ver.; N. pointat E. end of San Juanico Strait, in Sámar, opposite Tacloban, Leyte, Strait is but1m, wide at this point. BINÁLAO (bee-nah'-lah-oo), nat.; Point on sw. coast of Sámar. BINALAY (bee-na-li'), ver.; hamlet on SE. coast of Sámar, 4 m. SSW. of Hernani. BINALBAGAN (bee-nal-bah'-gahn), SW. point of Batán I,, off E. coast of Albay, Luzón. - pueblo on shore of Guimarás Strait, W. coast of Negros Occidental, Visayas, at mouth of river of same name, and on coast road 38 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 5,135. BINÁLIG (bee-nah'-lig); mountain in Sámar. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 359 BINÁLOC (bee-nah-lock), ver.; hamlet in Samar, BINATANGAN (bee-nah-tang'-ahn), nat.; chief on E. shore of San Juanico Strait, inside its town of former comandancia of Binatangan, E. outlet, 4 m. W. of Basey. now part of Príncipe, Luzón. BINALONAN (bee-nah-law'-nahn), pueblo of Pan -- former comandancia bounded on N. by gasinan, Luzon, and important center of 5 Isabela, on E. by Príncipe, on s. by Nueva roads, 24 m. E. of Lingayen. Pop., 10,295. Écija, and on W.by Nueva Vizcaya., is com- BINALOTAN (bee-nah-law'-tahn), ver.; hamlet in posed of villages of Ilongotes (Italones or Sámar, on river 15 m. SW. of Pambujon. Ibilaos) and some wandering Negritos. There are about 6,000 pagans and less than 370 Chris- BINAMBANGAN (bee-nam-bahng'-ahn), nat.; tians in district. It is now part of Príncipe. hamlet on W. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, 28 m. SW. of Cotabato. BINATICÁN, or SOUTH PASSAGE (bee-nah-tee- cahn'), nat.; island 1. m. N. and S. in offing BINANAN (bee-nah'-nun), ver.; point on SE. of Tay Tay Bay, 5 m. SE. of N. point of Tay shore of Catanduanes I., E. coast of Luzon. Tay, E. coast of Palawan. - 2 islets in middle of Ajui Bay, near SE. BINATINGAN (bee-nah-ting'-ahn); mountain in coast of Panay. Leyte. - island 1 m. sq., m. S. of S. coast of Con BINATÚMAL (bee-nah-tool-mal), ver.; point on cepción, Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. ESE. of Aqui. SW. end of Masbate I., Visayas. BINANBÁN (bee-nahn-bahn'), ver.; hamlet in W. BINAUAN (bee-nah'-00-ahn), ver.; island, E. of part of Antique, Panay, 2 m. NE. of Barbaza. Panay; also inlet in S. shore of Daram, W. of BINANG (bee-nung), nat.; a pueblo of Laguna, Sámar. Luzón. Pop., Cn., 1896, 7,358. BINAUANGAN (bee-nau-ooang'-ahn), Tag.; riverin BINANGÁ (bee-nung-ah'), nat.; bay and point Bulacán, Luzón, empties in Manila Bay near (its N. head) and river emptying on NE. shore Obando. of bay on SE. coast of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of BÍNAY (bee-ni), nat.; point on N.coast of Sámar. Zambales, Luzón. (See Oacán.) BINANGÁ or MINANGAS (bee-nang-ah', mee - mountain in Batangas, Luzon, near coast. nahn'-gass), Tag.; port at E. entrance to BINBUT (bin-boot'), nat.; hamlet on E. shore of Súbic Bay. W. boundary between Zambales Lake Lanao, Misamis, Mindanao. River en- on N. and Bataan on S. terminates at head of ters lake on N. side of this hamlet. this port. BINANGAN (bee-nang'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in BINGABON (bin-gah-bone), ver. (See Taal Lake, Batangas, Luzón.) Sámar, 7 m. E. of Basey. BINANGONAN (bee-nahng-oh'-nahn), Tag.; point BINGAY (bing-i'); point in Sorsogon, Luzón. S. of entrance to Lampón port, on coast of BINGO (bin-gau'), ver.: mountain in central Infanta, Luzón. Sámar, which divides fountain tributaries of - rocky islet off E. coast of Nueva Ecija, Lu- Oras and Ulut Riv. zón, S. of Pinagpandian Pt. BINGSUSAN (bing-soo'-sun), nat.; village on NW. shore of bight on S. coast of Sámar, Visayas, - pueblo in Rizal, Luzón. Quarries in vi- cinity furnish fine quality of marble. Pop., NW. of Cabanisan Pt. Cn., 1896, 8,354. BINIANGAN (bee-nee-ang'-ahn), ver.; central - mountain in Infanta, Luzón, 94 m. SW. by fountain tributary of Oras Riv., Sámar. S. of Inaguican Pt. and 47 m. inland from W. BINICUIT (bee-nee-koo-eet'), ver.; hamlet of Ne- shore of Lampón Bay, for which it is impor gros Occidental, 14 m. SW. of Suay. tant landmark entering between Polillo I. BINIGSÍAN (bee-nig-sea'-ahn), ver.; point on and mainland. coast of Negros Occidental, near Inayauan - town on bay road in Rizal, Luzon, 43 m. and opposite Danjugan I. SW. of Morong, 12 m. by road. Pop., 7,624. BINILIRAN bee-neel-lee-rahn) nat.; town in Am- BINANGONAN DE LAMPÓN (bee-nang-oh'nahn bos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. day lam-pohn'), Tag.; capital and pueblo of BINIPTICAN (bee-nip-teel-cahn), ver.; point on Infanta, Luzón, 2 m. N. by E. of head of extreme S. of Zambales, Luzon, and on W. Lampón port or bay, 50 m. NE. by N. of Ma side S. of entrance to Subic Bay. nila across country, and 33 m. NE. of Mórong, BINKUNGAN (bin-koong'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on one of nearest points on Laguna de Bay on 1. bank of Tagún Riy., 3 m. above its entrance way to Manila. Intervening Cordillera, how- into head of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, ever, makes communication with W. prov- inces exceedingly difficult. Town pop., 7,557, 237 m. NE. by N. of Dávao. is center of industry and trade of fertile sea- BINLANA (been-lah'-nah), Tag., peak in Mari- board valleys and has important coastwise veles range, Luzon. trade with mainland settlements, and among BINLOC (been-lock'), ver.; river emptying into industrious inhabitants of Polillo grp. and Lingayen Gulf, 4 m. below San Fabián, arm of other nearby islands. Agno Riv., Pangasinan, Luzón. BINANI (bee-nah'-nee), nat.; point on E. shore BINLUAY (been-luoi), ver.; mountain in Sors - and E. head of Misamis port, Misamis, Min- gón, Luzón. danao. BINMALEY (been-mah-lay'), ver.; pueblo in Pan- BINANTAL (be-nahn-tal'), yer.; N. tributary of gasinan, Luzon, on S. shore of Gulf of Linga- yén, at one of mouths of Agno Riv., 3 m. E. of Ulut Riy., Sámar. Lingayen. Pop., 13,787. BINANUAN (bee-nah-noo'-ahn). ver.: hamlet in | BINNAHAN (been-nah'-hahn), ver.; river enter- Iloilo, Panay, 14 m. NE. of Igbaras. ing port Isabela, Basilan I., Sulu A., near NE. BINAOGANAN (bee-now-gah'-nun), nat.; estuary entrance. on N. shore of Manila Bay, formed by Pam- BINOBONG (bee-noh-bong'), nat.; river emptying panga Chico Riv., in province of that name, on NE. shore of Nin Bay, SW. coast of Mas. Luzón. bate I., Visayas. BINOBUSAN (bee-noh-boo'sun), Tag.; mineral BINARAYAN (bee-nah-rah'-yahn), ver.; islet off spring in Batangas, Luzon, near town of Lian, NE. coast of Sámar, 3 m. Ė. of Alibangbang Pt. BINOGUIOHAN (bee-nau-gee-oh-hahn), ver.; BINÁTAC (bee-nah'-tack), nat.; N. head to E. en river entering sea channel on W. coast of trance to San Juanico Strait, SW. coast of Leyte, 3 m. N. of Palompon. Sámar. BINOLO (bee-nau'-lau), ver.; hamlet in Samar, - point in Sámar. 7 m. N. of Basey. 360 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BINOLOCÁN (bee-nau-lau-cahn'), ver.; extinct | BINUNGAN (bee-noong'-ahn); mountain in Ilocos crater in Sámar, 6 m. NW. of Balangiga. Norte, Luzón. BINONDO (bee-non'-dau), Hisp.; suburb of Ma- BINUNI (bee-noo'-nee), nat.; point on S. shore of nila and center of its commercial and mer Iligan Bay, midway between Iligan and Misa- cantile activity. (See Manila municipality.) mis port, on N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. BINONTUCÁN (bee-non-too-cahn'), ver.; hamlet Bight of coast between it and Iligan Riv. is in Cápiz, Panay, 31 m. SE. of Pontevedra. bordered by sand beaches, with some rocks, and receives waters of several rivers. BINORON (bee-noh-rohn),; point on E. coast of Catanduanes, lat. 13° 41' N. BINUNSALIÁN (bee-noon-sah-lee-ahn'), ver.; point on E. coast of Palawan, 5% m. S. of BINORONGAN (bee-nau-rong'-ahn), ver.; point Puerto Princesa. on E. shore of Albay, Luzón, s. of Bulusan. BINUNTÚAN (bee-noon-tool-ahn). ver.: hamlet BINORUNGAN (bee-nau-roong'-ahn); point on S. on r. bank of Catubig riy., in N. Sámar, 5 m. side of bay on extreme E. shore of Albay, S. of Catubig. Luzon. - point in W. Sámar. - fort in Bontoc, Luzón. BINANG (bee-nyang'), Tag.; town, landing of BINOY (bee-noy'), ver.; hamlet 34 m. S. of Catar United States cable, and road center on W. man, Sámar. shore of Laguna de Bay, Laguna, Luzón, 23 BINTAUAN (bin-tah'-00-ahn), ver.; river of Nueva m. W. by N. across bay from Santa Cruz. Has Vizcaya, Luzón, tributary to Magat from SW. fine roads, one 19 m. to Manila. Pop., 19,786. - town of Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón, 7 m. N. of BIOCAY (bee-oh-ki), ver.; river on E. coast of Bayombong by road on river of same name. Leyte, entering sea 5, m. S. of Dutag. BINTIC (been-tick'); hamlet of Bohol, in pueblo BIOSO (bee-oh-soh); village on N. coast of Buad of Calapa. I., off w. coast of Sámar. BINTICAY (been-tee-ki'), nat.; mountain on S. BIPÓLOD (bee-pau'-lod), ver.; several small coast of Sorsogon, Luzón; extends to NW., islands of Salames cluster of Balanguingui ending on SE. shore of Sorsogon port. grp., Sulu A. BINTICÓIN (been-tee-coin'), ver.; mountain in BIQUÍN (bee-keen'), ver.; point on E. coast of Albay, Luzon. Panglao I., Bohol, Visayas. BINTO (bin'-taw), Tag.; hamlet in Bulacán, Lu BIRAC (bee-rack'), ver.; chief town Catanduanes zón, 7 m. N. of Bulacán. I., off coast of Ambos Camarines, and de- BINTOC, BARRA DE (bin-toc', bah-rrah' day), pendency of Albay, Luzón. Hisp.; mouth of Dagupan and E. outlet of BIRAYON (bee-rah'-yohn), nat.; point on sw. Agno Riv., Pangasinan, Luzón. coast of Sámar, in lat. 12° 29' 30" N. BINTOD (bin-tod'), ver.; hamlet on E. coast of BIRI, or VIRI (bee'-ree, vee-ree), ver.; island off Cebú, 5 m. S. of Sibongo. Corandagos I. (see Cauayan I.), in Sulu Sea, BINTOULÁN (bin-tau-oo-lahn'), ver.; island of between Palawan and Cuyos grp. Cinapusan grp., Sulu A., is separated from - N. and largest of Balicuatro Is., 6 m. off NW. Cinapusan by narrow channel, and is unin shore of Sámar, 4 by 4 m. in area, and E. of habited except by fishing expeditions from Pacificward entrance to San Bernardino Taba wan, Pearl oyster is found on sur Strait, its central cone forming landmark of rounding banks. approach. BINTUT (bin-toot'), ver.; one of N. islets & sq. m. - hamlet on S. shore of island of that name, about 6 m. N. bet. Romelikan and Bohan Is., of Balicuatro Is., off W. coast of Samar, 70 m. off Cagayan Sulu grp.; consists of almost solid NW. of Catbalogan. block of sandstone. - village on NW. shore of island of same BINTUT BISÚ (bin-toot' bee-soo'), ver.; N. island name, SE. of NW. point, off N. coast of Sámar. in Cagayán Sulu grp. (See Bisú Bintut.) BIRUINGAAN (bee-roo-een-gah'-ahn), ver.; ham- BINTUT MANDÁT (been-toot' man-dah'), ver.; let on E. coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay. one of N. islets of Cagayán Sulu grp., (q. v.) BISAYAN (bee-sah'-yahn), ver.; point in Mindoro. consisting of peak 283 ft. high. BISAYAS (bee-sah'-yas): group of islands in cen- BINUAHAN (bee-nwah -hahn), nat.; river enter- ter of archipelago. (See Visayas.) ing on S. shore of Isabela channel, opposite Calut I., N. coast of Basilan, S. of Zamboanga, BISLIG (bees-leeg'), nat.; bay opening to NE, be- Mindanao. tween Bislig Pt. on N., and Sancop Pt. on S., 7 m., on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. An- BINÚAN (bee-noo'-ahn), nat.; river emptying on chorage is before town and sheltered from all W. shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, winds. Cultivation of rice and raising of buf- Luzón. faloes are chief industries of people. In mid- BINUANGA (bee-noo-ang'-ah), nat.; town in Min channel of entrance to bay is Masaluron I. danao. - puebloon SW shore of bayof that name and BINUANGÁN (bee-nooang-ahn'), nat.; bold point on r. bank of mouth of river in Surigao, Min- on extreme NW. land of Mindoro, 3 m. N. danao. Town during Spanish jurisdiction of Calavite Cape, 14 m. SSE. of Nanog Pt., was military residence, with population in Lúbang I., and 12 m. NW. by N. of Palúan. 1898, 7,583, est., enjoys trade along coast. River is accessible for few miles within its mouth BINUGAYAN (bee-noo-gah'-yahn), ver.; point in extreme end of E. projection of Sámar. to coasters drawing about 7 ft. of water. Set- tlement of Moros is in vicinity. BINULBULAN, or CLEOPATRA (bee-nool-boo' - river of Surigao, Mindanao, in pueblo of lahn, clay-oh-pah'-trah); island 24 m. in ex same name, flowing ENE. and emptying into tent, 3 m.sw. of Iloc I., 3. m. off NE. coast of sea in lat. 8° 5' N. Palawan. BISNUCO (bees-noo'-coh), nat.; village of Ilocos BINULIN (bee-noor-leen), ver.; river on W. shore Sur, Luzón, in pueblo of Santa, on road to of Sámal I., emptying into Pakiputan Strait, Abra, passing N. of hills of Tetas de Santa Aga. opposite Dávao, Mindanao. BISOD (bee-sohd'), ver.; mountain in Dapitan, BINULUANGAN, or BALIN (bee-noo-loo-ang'-ahn, Mindanao. bah'-leen), ver.; island fronting Bacal Bay, 4 BISÚ BINTUT (bee-soo' bin-toot'), ver.; one of m. long, its S. point, Cago, almost adjoining N. islets E. of Bintut of Cagayán Sulu grp., NE. coast of Panay. 6 m. N. of Cagayan Sulu, Sulu Sea. BINUNCALAN (bee-noon-cah-lahn), ver.; point BISÚ BOHÁN (bee-soo' bau-hahn') ver.; one of on E. coast of Cebu, 31 m. N. of Carmen. N. islets of Cagayán Sulu grp., Sulu Sea. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 361 SAN BERNARDINO STRACT BIRI ISLAND: PORT BIR. From a sketch survey in 1896, by Captain E.Garcia y Zabala: Enriqueta whar!, Lat. 12° 38*627). Long. 124 21' (24)E. uncovered at L.TV BIRI ISLAND nrique eta RA Estero Amogotada Pt QUIN ALIGA Nautical miles Dimensions between innw sollinar 2739"N_S 362 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BISÚCAY (bee-soo-ki), ver.; island 2 m.in extent | BIVOUAC, for.; islet 160 ft. high, 1 m. NNE. of 14 m. SW. of Cuyo, cuyos Is., Sulu Sea. Reef islet, with rocky head on W. side of Cook BITÁ (bee-tah'), ver.; hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, 2; channel, off E. coast of Palawan. m. SE. of Dao. - sandy islet off Truce head of Eran Bay, BITAD (bee-tad), ver.; hamlet in Concepción, SW.coast of Palawan. Iloilo, Panay, 10 m. S. of Corles. - point 6 m. east of Relief Pt., where stream BITADTÚN (bee-tad-toon'), ver.; river and ham- of water breaks through, E. coast of Palawan. let, former entering sea on W. coast of Panay, BLACK CAP, for.; peak seen over S. extreme of 3 m. N. of Colasi. Ilanura I., bearing E. N. approaching Mala- BITANBILANGAN (bea-tahn-bee-lang'-ahn), ver.; nut Bay, W.coast of Palawan. islet 12 m. N. of Ubay, NE. coast of Bohol, BLACK ROCK, or CABEZA DE NEGRITO (cah- Visayas. bay'-thah day nay-gree'-toh), for.; cluster of BITANIUAN (bee-tah-nee-ooahn), ver.; point on rocks between Matabao and Magearagui Is., SW. coast of Leyte, 7 m. N. of Inopacan. to SE. forming N., channel between Ticao and Masbate Is., Visayas. BITANJUÁN (bee-tan-hoo-ahn'), ver.; point in Leyte. | BLANCA (blahn'-cah), Sp.; hamlet 11 m. NNE. of Catbalogan, in Sámar. BITANYUÁN (bee-tan-ywahn'), ver.; mountain in Sámar. - point on W. side of Lingayen Gulf, in Zam- BITAOYÁN (bee-tah-oh-yahn'), ver.; hamlet in bales, Luzón. Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. NW. of Miagao. - point on N. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzon, BITÁS, or VITÁS (bee-tahs', vee-tahs'), Tag.; E. of Negra Pt. village on S. side of sea channel of that name, - point forming E. head of great bay clear, extreme NW. point in boundary of muni- and with good anchorages stretching NE. 11 cipality of Manila. m. to Sicayac It., on NW. coast of Dapitan, Mindanao. Three rivers, their mouths de- -- NW. channel of boundary between munici- fended by fort, enter bay. Country inland is pality of Manila and province of Rizal (Mó- extremely mountainous. This point is one rong). of most remarkable features of NW. coast BITINAN (bee-tee'-nahn), nat.; island 1. m. in of Mindanao, being perpendicular cliff of extent, 720 ft. high, in Sulu grp., Sulu A., NE. white stone 260 ft. high. It forms horizon- of Capual I., from which it is separated by tal table covered by grass with no trees clear channel 1 m. wide. upon it. During rainy season rivulet of ex- BITINUSA (bee-tee-noo-sah), ver.; channel in cellent water forms beautiful waterfall from Basilan grp., between Zamboanga, Mindanao, this tableland visible from sea. Anchorage and Sulu A. lies E. of point and also in bay between Blanca and Bauit Pts. Important towns of BITO (beel-toh), nat.; village on 1. bank of S. arm Dipolog, Lubungan, Pinialan, and Dohonob of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- lie along shores of this bay. danao. - hamlet on NW, shore of Lanao Lake, Mis- - S. point of bay on NW. coast of Leyte, 1 m. N. of Villaba. amis, Mindanao. Outlet of lake into Iligan BLANCA, or CAMBALALON (blahn'-cah, cahm- Bay lies 2 m. to NE. bah-lah'-lone), Sp.; point on extreme NE. - hamlet on 1. shore of Grande Riv. of Min- shore of Iloilo, Panay. danao, 6 m, above Cotabato, Mindanao. BLANCO (blun-coh'), Sp.; mountain in Pam- - mountain lake, 4 by 2 m. in area, in Leyte, panga, Luzón, forming 1 of E. spurs of Gran 4 m. NW. of Abúyog. Receives E. drainage Cordillera, which extends into Zambales. It of Mt. Talisayan and other summits on Cen- gives rise to numerous small streams which tral Range and is emptied of its surplus waters discharge their waters into Pampanga Chico. through river entering sea through lagoon 2 m. N. of Abúyog, on E. coast. (See Guintag- BLANCO AURORA (blahn'-coh ah-00-roh'-rah), bucan.) Sp.; on r. bank of San José branch of Gándara Riv. New native village being built on site - river in I eyte rising in lake of that name of old town, 12 m. by river above Gándara. and emptying into sea at Abuyog. BLIK (blic), for.; one of 3 mountain summits - river emptying into sea on NE. coast of NW., SE., and Sugar Loaf, 13 m. SE. of Tapian Negros Occidental, at Narváez hamlet. Pt., on Nlana Bay, starting point of range BITO (on the English charts SAGAI or CAREY) of mountains on W. shore of Cotabato, Min- (bee'-toh, sah-guy', cah-ray'-ee); point on ex danao, S. of s. branch of Grande Riv. of treme NE. coast of Negros Occidental, 1. m. Mindanao, trending SE.and NW., terminating S. of Panagsagon and 4 m. E. of Arguelles. at Casilaran Bay, on W. coast of Davao Gulf, BITOC LANA (bee-tauc' lah'-nah), ver.; river of Dávao, E. coast of Mindanao. Negros Oriental, emptying into sea 41 m. N. BLIND HARBOR, for.; bay and port on NW. shore of Guipilugan, E. coast. of Balábac I., Balábac grp. (See Ciego port.) BITOGAN (bee-taw-gahn), ver.; hamlet on E. BLOCKADE, or BLOQUEO (blow-kay'-oh), for.: shore of bay on W. coast of Zamboanga, Min deep strait m. wide, S. of Tuluran I., enter- danao, 421 m. N. of Zamboanga. ing Malampaya Sound, NW. coast of Palawan. BITÓN (bee-tawn'), ver.; bay on SE. coast of In entrance lie Entrance Rock and White Ticao Bay, Ticao I., Visayas. Island in en Round islets. trance forms shelter against winds of San BLOMFIELD, for.; tableland upward of 2,000 ft. Bernardino Strait. high and steep cascades down its sides, San BITOÓN (bee-taw-on'). ver.; hamlet on r. bank Pablo Bay lying to E., on W. coast of Pala- of Badbaran Riv., 3 m. N. of Dumar, in cen- wan. tral Cápiz, Panay. BLOQUEO (blow-kay'-oh), Sp.; strait on W. coast - hamlet on SE, coast of Iloilo, Panay, 31 m. of Palawan, in which is situated island of Ma- N. of Iloilo. lapina. - point and hamlet on E. shore of Tañón BLUFF, for.: point on China Sea shore of penin- Strait, w. coast of Cebu, 3 m. N. of Dumangue. sula of Ulugan, W. coast of Palawan. BIUMACA (biew-mah'-cah), ver.; mountain in - point at sw. extreme of Boayan I., NW. Benguet, Luzón. coast of Palawan. BIUTACAN (bee-oo-tah'-cahn), ver.; river of Isa - bold point 1,670 ft. high, on E. side of bela, Luzón, rising in foothills of Moises approach to Sarangani Bay from S., on S. Mts., in Grand Cordillera Oriental. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, lat. 5° 21' 50" N. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 363 Yrd. ruLITTEN TSLANDS EAST COAST OF BORIASI * PORT BOCA-ENGANO, Promu Syariah wurwy in 18% Tree Maras Ju. 263.Lug 23 U 2020 Marias ** 364 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BLUFF; point 2 m. E. of Cuckold hill, W. coast of BOCA CHICA (boh'-cah cheel-cah), Sp.; N. chan- Palawan; thence coast hills extend along nel of entrance to Manila Bay, between Ba- shore to Moorsom head, 3 m. taán, Luzón, and La Monja and Corregidor - point 13 m. NE. of Anipahan Pt., formed I., mouth narrowing to 2 m.; submarine cable by spur from Mount Herschel and has bay from Hongkong, China, to Manila enters Ma- to N. Halfway between this and Table Pt. nila Bay from China Sea by this channel, lie Hen and Chickens islets, W. coast of BOCA ENGAÑO (boh'-cah ayn-gah'-nyoh), nat.; Palawan. port on E. coast of Burias I., off W. coast of BOAC (bau'-ac), ver.; puebloand p.o., Marinduque, Albay, Luzon, and harbor of refuge between 14 m. inland on 1. bank of river of same name Ragay Gulf and ports of Visayan Sea. which enters sea S. of Pt. Datinuana. Town - S. point at entrance to bay on E. shore of carries on brisk trade with Manila and is Burias I., W. coast of Albay, Luzón. place of call for island by interisland steam BOCA ENGAÑOSA (boh'-cah en-gah-nyaw'-sah), ers at intervals of week or 10 days. There is Sp. Mistaking of this head for passage be- stone fort at mouth of river at which there is tween Burias and Masbate I. has caused loss good anchorage 2 cables from shore in 12 fms. of many vessels and has given rise to name Is 45 m. E. of Calapan and has fine roads to "False." (See Burias I.; Engañosa.) Gasan and Magpog on island. Pop., 14,722. Town is 100 m. SE. of Manila in direct line. BOCA GRANDE (boh'-cah grand-day), Sp.; chan- Sea route by way of Mindoro is about 160 m. nel in entrance of Manila Bay, between Corre- gidor and mainland of Cavite, Luzón. anchorage and river in same island. BOAGA (boh-ah-gah), nat.; point on S. shore of | BOCAL (bau-cal'), Tag.; hamlet in Cavite, Luzón, peninsula, on N. coast of Mindoro, projecting 18 m. sw. of Cavite. into Verde passage opposite Verde I. and BOCANA DE RUMGLÁS (bau-cah'-nah day room- forming E. head to Varadero Bay, NE. coast of glass'), Hisp.; hamlet of Concepción, Iloilo, Mindoro. Panay, S. coast, 2, m. E. of Aqui. BOAI (boh-ah'-ee); port on W. side of Sarangani BOCAN ORANG (boh'-cahn oh-rang'), nat.; mouth I., off SE. coast of Davao, Mindanao. (See of Salog Riv., on extreme W. shore of Pan- Bolai.) guil Bay, SW. end of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. BOAL (bau-al'). ver.: hamlet on N. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A., 20 m. E. by S. of Sulu. BOCARUT (boh-cah-root'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Bangui, Ilocos Norte, Luzón, situated on BOALAN (bwah-lahn), nat.; hamlet in Zam- bank of Balo, tributary of Bocarut near its boanga, Mindanao. confluence, in N. part of province. BOAT ROCK, for.; island in entrance of North - river of Ilocos Norte, Luzon, which runs East Bay, E. of Malapina, Malampaya Sound, from E. to W. across N. part and empties into Palawan. sea near pueblo of Bangui. BOAY (bau-i'), ver.; hamlet on SW. coast of Bo- BOCATOR (boh-cah-tohr'), nat.; point and creek hol, Visayas, 2 m. N. of Tagbilaran. on NW. shore of Panguil Bay, SW. end of - port in S. Mindanao. Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao, 11 m. SW. BOAYA (bwah'-yah), nat.; point 1 m. SE. of of Misamis. Escarceo Pt.. forming NE, with Varadero, BOCAUE (bau-kah'-way). Tag.; pueblo on Manila SW. heads to Varadero Bay, N. coast of Min road in Bulacan, Luzón, on Manila and Dagu- doro, pan R. R., 3 m. E. of Bulacan, Pop., 10,345. - point in island of Marinduque. hamlet in Bulacán, Luzón. BOA YAEN (bau-ah-yah'-en), ver.; hamlet at BOCBOC, or BAULIGUI (bock-bock', bah-00-lee'. mouth of river on N. shore of Sarangani Bay, gee); point on E. shore of Pigbalao Bay, E. S. coast of Davao, Mindanao, 73 m. S. by W. arm of Coloconto Bay, SE. coast of Batangas. of Dávao. BOCLIMAN (bohk-lee'-mahn), nat.; summit 271 BOAYAN (bwah'-yahn), ver.; star-shaped island, ft. on r. bank of Calaclan Riv., on W. shore 910 ft. high, 4by 3) m. in extent, fronting of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. opening of Barton Bay, W. coast of Palawan, and 31 m. NE. of Caanipa; is very irregular BOCOLO (bau-cau-law). ver.; small stream in in outline. Innumerable small islands are Negros Oriental, with Calagealog emptying found between bay of Cruz de Mayo and N. into strait of Tañón at Burgosa hamlet, 3, m. point of Palawan. S. of Ayunīgón. - creek emptying on SE. shore of Polloc Har- | BOCOT (boh-caught), ver.; pueblo Benguet, BOCOT Luzón, 11 m. NE. of Trinidad, on W. slope of bor, Cotabato, Mindanao. Gran Cordillera Central, near Nueva Vizcaya - branch of Damabalasan tributary of Bacat boundary. Pop., 448. Riv., Cotabato, Mindanao. BOCTÓ (bohk-toh'), nat.: point on N. coast of BOBOL (boh-ball'), nat.; pueblo of Zambales, Mindoro, lat. 13° 26' N. It is 1 of spurs of con- Luzon. (See San Felipe de Bobol.) spicuous range of mountains which termi- BOBÓN (bau-bawn'), ver.; pueblo on N. shore of nates in Calavite Cape. Sámar, at mouth of river of same name rising BODACÁ (bau-day-kah'), ver.: hamlet on extreme in Paunos Mt., 59 m. NW. of Catbalogan and NE. shore of Damanguilas Bay, in Zamboanga, 23 m. E. of Balicuatro, extreme NW. point of Mindanao, 95 m. NE. of Zamboanga. island. Cabauan Grande, or Cabacugan I., lies 5 m. NW. Pop., 4,830. BODEGA, PUNTA DE LA (boh-day'-gah, poon'- tah day lah), Sp.; head to San Jacinto port, -S. entrance point to anchorage of Mercedes, E. coast of Ticao I. on W. shore of extreme SE. Sámar. - island off N. coast of Sámar, S. of Cabauan BOG (bohg), ver.; N. point of entrance to Taba- Grande. Navigation dangerous on account of yug Bay, W. coast of Palawan. coral patches. BOGBOG (bohg-bohg'), nat.; summit, *777 ft., on BOBOYAON (baw-baw-yah'-awn), ver.; moun- E. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. tain in extreme NE. Sámar, 5 m. inland from Marjuc Pt., SW. BOGEADOR, or BOJEADOR (boh-hay-ah-dohr'), BOCA (boh'-cah), Sp.; point on Upper Grande Sp.; on extreme NW. shore of Ilocos Norte. Riv. of Mindanao, Lanao, Mindanao, as well as of island of Luzon. It is first land sighted on approach of vessels from N, China BOCABOC (boh-cah-bohk'), ver.; passage at N.en ports, and has one of finest lights for benefit trance to strait of Tañón, after Bocaboc I., of commerce in oceans surrounding Philip between NE. coast of Negros and Cebú. pine A. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 365 BOGNAY (bohg-ni'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Igbaras, 1 m. from town of that name in Iloilo, Panay, BOGÓ (bau-gau'), ver.; E. point of entrance to harbor of Bogó, on E. coast of Cebú, 2, m. NE. of that town. - pueblo and bay on NE.shore of Cebú, 56 m. N. of Cebú. Its harbor is finest in island, and is connected with opposite shore at Remigio by canal of Daijagon. Pop., 16,350. - hamlet on r. bank of Sibalom Riv., An- tique, Panay. BOGUIÓN (boh-gee-ohn'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Calumpit, Bulacan, Luzón. BOHÁN (bah-hahn'), ver.; thickly wooded N. island of Cagayan Sulu grp., 3. m. N. of Lapun Lapun anchorage. It lies between Bisú Bin- tut and Bisú Bohán. W. point of Bohán is in line with W. point of Pomelikan I. BOHÁN BISÚ (ban-hahn' bee-soo'), ver.; N. island, 66 ft. high, Cagayán Sulu grp. (See Bisú Bohán.) BOHOG (bau-haug'), nat.; river rising in moun- tains of Cabeza de Bondog, which form cape of same name extreme S. point of Tayabas, Luzón; flows SW. and empties into sea in lat. 13° 26' N. (Also Bohag.) BOHOL (VISAYAN ISLANDS), PROVINCE OF (Boh-ohl', nat.) Capital: Tagbilaran, lat. 9° 38' N., lon. 123° 50' 1" E. Area: 1,400 sq. m. mainland; dependent islands 2132 sq. m.; total 1,6131 sq. m. Population: 260,000, including the islands of Siquijor and Panglao. Race: Bohol-Visayan. Language: Visayan modified (Boholano or Bohol-Visayan). Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay. Table of distances. From Tagbilaran to-- Cebu ... 46 Manila- Water ........ 529 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The island of Bohol (the word meaning "knot"), which belongs to the Visayan group, lies about the center of the inland waters in the SE. angle of the archipelago; Leyte lying 16 m. to the NE., Cebú 18 m. to the NW., and the Misamis coast of Mindanao 50 m. to the SE. and 69 m. to the SW. AREA. The province measures 40 m. N. and S. and 58 m. E. and W., extreme measure- ments, or 1,400 sq. m. (896,000 acres); dependent islands, 2132 m.; total, 1,613) sq. m. (1,032,000 acres), being 363. sq. m. larger than the State of Rhode Island. PHYSICAL FEATURES. the senter of the islands are several large cartoman The interior presents no regular system of mountain chains, but rises in 10 detached ridges. The S. part is hilly and rocky, while in the N. are tracts of level ground. The culminating point, Mt. Copton, in the extreme NE., attains its highest eleva- tion, 10, 150 ft. above the sea, according to the Derrotero and United States charts, 2,870 ft. according to another authority, and still another placing it at 309 meters (1,751 ft.); Mt. Corte, in the NW., is 617 ft., and Mt. Canmanoc, in the SW., 505 ft. The other higher elevations are Alimario and Bumican, in the vicinity of Tubigón; Mahanguin and Lúnday, near Guindulmán; Carabahol and Calohúan, near Nagua, and Campusá and Canlobo, in the vicinity of Catigbían. These ranges form a number of valleys through which the drainage reaches the coast, which is low and sandy. In the center of the islands are several large caves, with stalagmites and stalactites. The rivers, although short, owing to the small area of the province, and usually dry after the rainy season, are numerous. Among those of importance may be mentioned: Abatán; emptying on the SW. coast through a mouth of good width with 5 ft. on the bar at low water and marked by stakes to Paminuitan, 1 m. above. Alihanón; emptying on the SE. coast near Nauco Pt. Cabidían. Fragata; emptying on the N. coast E. of Talibón, Ípil being the chief town on its course. Gabayan; a branch of the Napo. Inabonga; its most distant tributary, under the name Pamagsalan, rising near the SE. coast and flowing NW., unites with the Maligboo, forming the Ulágig, thence 73 m. below entering the main current of the Inabonga, and emptying through several mouths on the W. coast E. of Lauis Pt. 366 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Lagumay. Loay; rising on the E. slope of the central range, follows the valley and empties at the town of the same name on the S. coast. Maasin. Manaba; formed of a number of tributaries and emptying on the S. coast E. of García-Hernández. Mandaui; a tributary of the Soca-Vilar. Muquid. Napo; emptying into the bay opposite the island of Lumittis, on the E. coast. Salín; a tributary of an important stream emptying on the SW. coast of Paminuitan. Soca-Vilar; the largest of the streams of the province, rising in the central ranges, and emptying on the S. coast at Loay through the river of that name. Taguinting; emptying on the W. coast N. of Pampang. It is generally claimed by scientists that physically Bohol should be grouped with Sámar and Leyte, a claim which they regard as sustained by the line of shallow soundings which connect it with the latter island. BAYS AND HARBORS. The intricacies of the channels among the numerous islands and coral banks of Danajón renders the approach to the N. ports of Bohol, even with native vessels with local pilots, very dangerous. There are two openings, the N. between Mt. Copton and Three Peaks on Poro I., and the other NW. of Mt. Corte, both 1 m. wide and 8 fms. deep. There are no anchorages other than in the roads off the coast. The depths between the banks and the mainland range from 5 to 17 fms. The E. coast, less encumbered with islands, presents three coves. Copton; opening N. of the peninsula of Pugatin and contiguous to it, with 9 fms. entrance, and partly sheltered by Lumittis I. and a smaller inshore island. Guindulmán; 23 fms., opening to the S. and formed by the peninsula of this name. Tintiman; sheltered by the island of this name and having 8 fms. on its N. chan- nel. On the S. coast the anchorages are in the coves at the mouths of rivers. Guinaguanan; bay, the only one of any importance, is formed by the W. point of the mouth of the river at Loay. Tagbilaran; on the strait of that name, which can only be navigated by vessels drawing less than 6 ft. of water. The entrance is from the W., marked by stakes. There are other bends which can serve as anchoraging grounds, although the entrances thereto are difficult; Copton is one of these. On the W. coast are the anchorages of Catagbacán; sheltered by the islands of Cabilao, Sandiugan, Calape, and the mainland. Maribojoc; in the bend of the E. coast of Point Cruz. The coasts are low and sandy, and as a rule do not offer security to ships, although there are some good ports or bays which, however, will not admit ships of much draft. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The facilities for land transportation by carriage or cart are good. A main road parallels the W. and NW. coasts from Tagbilaran to Talibón, a distance of about 75 m., connecting the important towns of Paminuitan, Maribojoc, Loón, Calape, Tubigón, Inabonga, Getafo to terminal. Thence it extends in a SE. direction inland to Ipil, on the Fragata and thence E. to Ubay, the mainland port of the island of Lapinín Grande or Minoc, on the NE. Another main highway follows the entire extent of the S. coast, a distance of 50 m., connecting the ports of Baclayón, Alburquerque, Loay, Lila, Dimiao, Valencia, García-Hernández, Jagna, Duero, to Guindulmán on the E. coast. From this point several trails extend to the interior towns, some of which have river transportation to the coast during the rainy season. From Baclayón a road takes a NNE. direction to Corella, Balilijan and Catig bian, 173 m. There are numerous trails throughout the interior over which hemp and copra, the staples of commerce, and the products of local trade, are brought down to the coast. On the island of Panglao a main road extends from Dauis on the NE. to Panglao on the SW. The island of Siquijor (Sikijor) is also well supplied with trails between its chief towns. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The inhabitants, who number 260,000, estimated 350,000, are notable for their activity, industry, and initiative, in which respect they occupy an advanced position among the races of the other islands of the archipelago. Their skill in the use of GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 367 chilaran; capital... opposite. wide and file fishing tol the lance is as famous as that of the warlike Moros in wielding the cam pilán. The Moros have always held their valor in great respect. Spanish is spoken among the foreigners and a few of the higher class of natives, but Visayan, with so many modi- fications as to be known as Boholano or Bohol-Visayan, is the language of the prov- ince. The following are the principal towns (population of 1896 is given): Tagbilaran; capital, port of entry, military and telegraph station, in the SW. part of the province, 1 m. opposite the important dependent island of Panglao, from which it is separated by a strait 1 m. wide and 6 ft. deep. Pop., 8,638. The inhabi- tants are chiefly engaged in agriculture and turtle fishing. The distances and direc- tions of the following towns are from Tagbilaran, the provincial capital. Alburquerque; on the S. coast midway between Baclayon and Loay. Pop., 6,604. Anda; on the SE. coast, 502 m. E. by N. Pop., 4,036. Antequera; inland 12 m. N. by E. Pop., 5,842. Baclayón; 4 m. E. by S. on the S. coast. Pop., 8,048. Balilijan; inland 11 m. N. by E. Pop., 1,860. Batuanán; 73 m. inland from the E. coast. Pop., 1,270. Calape; a small port on the W. coast, opposite the island of that name, 193 m. N., and on the S. part of the cove of Catagbacan. Pop., 10,100. The following is the division of Bohol into pueblos and their population: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 3,058 1,675 3, 104 4,110 2, 356 643 4,163 1,761 4,387 1,553 1,010 1,922 3, 761 4,005 2,967 3,010 6, 093 3, 432 5,777 7,901 5,072 1, 288 8, 155 3,834 8,828 3,170 2, 005 3,735 7, 248 7, 901 5,727 5, 768 D 3,035 1,757 2,673 3, 791 2,716 645 3,992 2, 073 4,441 1,617 995 1,813 3,487 3,896 2,760 2,758 3,337 5, 240 579 5, 908 3,525 2,012 3,080 5,150 6, 084 2,500 5,096 2, 403 .......... Bohol: Alburquerque.... Anda .... Antequera... Baclayón.. Balilijan... Batuanán .... Calape.... Candijay .. Canoan (Siquijor Carmen... Catigbían. Corella ... Dauis.. Dimiao. Duero ... García Hernández. Getafe. Gunduhúan Inabongan Ipil.. Jagna ..... Lauis..... Lila ..... Loay..... Loboc Loon ..... María... Maribojoc. Paminuitan ... Panglao.. San Juan Sevilla.. Sierra-Bullones. Siquijor (Siquijor I.). Tagbilaran . Talibón.. Tubigón 3,400 5, 104 604 6,359 3, 663 2, 243 3,273 5. 606 6,737 10,344 1, 183 12, 267 7,188 4, 255 6,353 10, 756 12,321 4,976 10,286 5,199 4,272 5,428 5,337 1, 460 9, 211 7,628 2, 436 2, 667 1,837 6, 237 2, 476 5, 190 2,796 2.761 2,614 717 4, 660 1,962 5,750 1, 600 3,688 3, 150 2,723 743 4,551 3,770 2,049 5,862 2,039 3, 344 3,093 3, 858 4,011 Úbay ..... Valencia Vilar ...... 11, 612 3,639 7,032 6,243 Total, Estimated 1901 ..... 122, 291 124, 224 246,515 260,000 Candijay; inland near the junction of the Napo and Gabayan Riv., on the E. coast, 45 m. ENE. Pop., 7,872. Carmen; in the center of the province, 27 m. NE. Pop., 3,300. Catigbían; inland 29 m. NNÉ. Pop., 2,141. Corella; inland 7 m. NE. by N. Pop.. 4,215. Cortés; inland, midway bet. Paminuitan and Corella, in the SW. Pop., 6,018. 368 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Lagna; m 1,745. Che 1. bank pu: 9,957he United une 22, Dauis; on the N. shore of Panglao I., opposite Tagbilaran. Pop., 8,992. Dimiao; on the S. coast, 21 m. E. by S. Pop., 8,014. Duero; on the SE. coast, 40 m. E. by N. Pop., 7,143. García Hernández; on the S. coast, 28 m. E. by S. Pop., 5,064. Getafe; on the NW. coast, 42) m. Pop., 3,397. Guindulman; on the SE. coast, 44 m. E. by N. Opened to coasting trade by G. O. 90, June 22, 1900, closed February 26, 1901, in consequence of the withdrawal of the United States garrison. Pop., 8,063. Inabongan; a port opened to coasting trade June 22, 1900, closed Feb. 26, 1901, in consequence of the withdrawal of the United States garrison, 3 m. inland from the W. coast, 31 m. NNE. Pop., 9,957. Ipil; inland on the l. bank of the Fragata Riv., 5 m. from its outlet on the N. coast. Pop., 1,745. Jagna; on the SE. coast, 354 m. E. Pop., 11,162. Lila; on the S. coast, 17 m. E. by S. Pop., 4,470. Loay; on the S. coast, 11 m. E. by S. Pop., 7,169. Loboc; on the 1. bank of the Soca-Vilar-Loay Riv., 3 m. from its outlet at Loay. Pop., 10,174. Loón (Laón); centrally located for trade on the extreme W. coast, 13 m. N., opposite Dalaguete, Cebú. The mole is 328 yds. long, the town being reached by steps cut in the rock. Between this mole and Sandingan I. is a sheltered bay with 31 to 9 fms. where vessels can anchor. The town is on the W. slope of Canmanoc hill and has an unoccupied bastion. It is very picturesque from the sea. Pop., 15,365. "It is the largest town in the province. Maribojoc; on the bay of the same name, W. coast, 73 m. N. Pop., 10,852. Paminuitan; in the SW. on a hill overlooking the Abatán Riv., 1 m. above its mouth. Pop., 7,500. Panglao; on the SW. coast of Panglao I., 8 m. SW. Pop., 6,795. Sevilla; in the SW., 14 m. NE. Pop., 5,920. Sierra Bullones; about the center of the island near the r. bank of the Pamag- salan Riv., 34 m. NE. by E. Pop., 2,119. Talibón; on the N. coast, about the center, 49 m. NE. Pop., 7,321. Tubigón; about the center of the W. coast, 24. m. NE. Pop., 15,855. Úbay; on the NE. coast, 53 m. Pop., 3,552. Valencia; on the S. coast, 25 m. E. by S. Pop., 6,904. Vilar; on the l. bank of the Soca-Vilar Riv., 31 m. NE. by E. Pop., 6,665. 31 to 9 it has an unoccuptown in the proame, W. coast, "Abatán Riv., Talibón; about the center,34 m. Pop:, 3, Pop., 6,904 by E. Pop., 6,66€ DEPENDENT ISLANDS. la - North coast islands (Bohol); the Danajón bank forms the outer limit of the coral reef which borders the N. coast of Bohol, at a distance from 5 m. on the NW. and 12 m. in the center, and 10 m. NE. of Lapinín I. The waters between this and the mainland are covered with a number of islands, and show soundings from a few feet to 23 fms. [Where not given, the area is less than : sq. m.] Sq.m. Balingui ... Bahanay .. Banacón. Basaan... Bilanbilangan Bulan ..... Cabantuan. Cabulan....... Calituban..... Cubijan... Dajuntajun Danajón Gaus..... Jandayan.. Jau.......... . Jidulpan ... Junutangan......................................................................... Lapinin Chico (Lapinig) is almost united to the larger island on the SW. coast .... Lapinín Grande (Lapinig) or Minoe, off the NE. extremity of Bohol, separated by a narrow chan- nel 3 to 7 ims, deep; is 9 m. long, flat, and covered with mangrove and brambles. Macaina. Mahanay Malingui.. Manacan. Masingil.. Maumåun. Nanu... - - - 18 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 369 Sq.m. Pandán .. Saae..... Sagasay. Tabigui. Tajun-tajun.... Talaban ...... Tambú... Tinuibo, SE., 24 m. from the N. point of Lapinín I.; 12 fms. between these islands .... da East coast islands (Bohol); this coast has but 3 islands, is steep-to and clear; the only shallow waters 13,41 to 8 fms. between Libas and Centinela Pts., off the NE. Sq.m. Tabón .......... Tintiman. Lumittis ........ . 1 South coast islands (Bohol); the S. coast of Bohol is almost clear of islands having but 4, with the exception of Panglao, lying in the open sea and with no soundings. Sq.m. Balicasag, 5 m. SE. of Panglao I., and 14 m. SE. of Tagbilaran.. Pamilacan, 12 m. SE., no great height; is a favorite resort of the inhabitants of Bohol to fish for beche de mer and turtle...... Panglao, a low flat island with but one little hill, 101 m. NE. to SW., and 31 m. NW. to SE.; it is almost joined to Bohol as the channel of Tagbilaran, which separates it; dries at low water; no anchorage off the island; abounds in cocoanut palms; 2 towns; coast is without shelter for boats at anchor ............ Siquijor (also Sikijor).. 126 .......... 30 SIQUIJOR (ALSO SIKIJOR) ISLAND, BOHOL. (See-key-hor', ver.) Chief town: Siquijor, lat. 9° 12' N., lon. 123° 31' E. Area: 126 sq. m. Population: 41,746. Race: Bohol. Language: Boholano or Bohol Visayan. Table of distances. From Siquijor to- Dumaguete, Negros...... Tagbilaran, Bohol.... Tañón, S. point of Cebú...... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The island of Siquijor is the most important and populous of the province, excepu Bohol itself. It is situated 30 m. SW. of Bohol, 17 m. SE. of the S. point of Cebú; 14 m. E. of Negros, and 30 m. N. of Silla Pt. on the N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, on the l. of the channel connecting the Sulu with the Visayan Sea, and about 14 m. SE, of the S. entrance to Tañón Strait. AREA The island is 163 m. from WNW. to ESE. and 123 m. from N. to S., having an area of 126 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The island is moderately high, with a much broken surface consisting of a central mountain from whose sides small.streams flow in all directions. To the NE. of the central summit is Mt. Cudtingan, 1,394 ft. high, whose sides form Pts. Sandugan and Daquit. BAYS AND HARBORS. There are several small ports or harbors. Canoan; the only port of refuge on the NW. shore of Siquijor I., being 6 cables (4,320 ft.) inland, the head of which dries at low tide, reducing the area to 4 cables. The entrance sounds 14 fms., decreasing to 31 fms. off the mole. Lacy; on the S., is clear and deep. Minalutan; on the SE, is much obstructed by a reef. The water around the island shows soundings, from 13 to 128 fms., the coast being clear and steep-to. Siquijor; on the N. coast, is the best. S. Doc. 280— 24 370 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The coast and inland towns are connected by good roads. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population is of the same race and language as on the mainland of the province. At the ports Spanish is the only foreign tongue used. The following are the chief towns, with population estimated, 1901: Canoan; NW. coast, population ....... 9, 380 Lacy; S. coast, population ........... 6, 448 San Juan de Macapilay; SW. coast, population... 5,979 Santa María de Carmiña; E. coast, population 5,556 Siquijor; chief town, N. coast, population.... . 11, 788 Total............... .......... 39, 131 This island is the most densely populated of its size in the archipelago, it having 331 inhabitants to the sq. m. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS, The products are tobacco of an excellent quality, rice, corn, hemp, and chocolate, which is exchanged for wax and cotton. INDUSTRIES A large amount of a coarse variety of hemp cloth or sinamay is manufactured for export. Large quantities of tortoise shell, sea cucumbers (beche de mer), and salan- gani are found. Edible bird's nests of an inferior quality are collected. BOHOL-Continued. West coast islands (Bohol); the entire side of the channel toward Cebú is fronted by numerous islands, with depths ranging from 9 to 66 fms. sq. m. Ambugan ....... .... .. .... ..... ... . ...... ................ Bagambanua, 8 m. off the coast of Bohol and terminates, to the SW., the great Danajón bank; about 2 m. off this island and between it and the mainland are numerous islets and shoals.. Bagatusan.. Batas... Butlang............ Banon....... Cabilao, 2 by 11 m., separated from the islands of Calape and Sandingan by a wide, deep chan- nel; surface rocky...... Cabgán....... Calape, 5 m. long and fm.wide, of moderate height, near the coast, between Loon and Calape.. Canicabuyan.. Coamen. Jayaang... Maagpit............................................................. Malicaboc, 8 m. off mainland and terminates the great Danajón bank, from which it is separated by a channel a mile wide and very deep ... Mantacao .. Sandingan, between Loón and Calape ....... Silsitoan... Yuanoan... ............ Total area dependent islands, 2132 sq. m. ta VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The soil of Bohol is not particularly fertile, but with careful tillage produces con- siderable quantities of rice, coffee, cocoa, hemp, tobacco, sugar cane, cotton, corn, millet, sweet potatoes, and other useful products of agriculture, besides pasturing cattle, horses, sheep, and hogs. MINERALS. The province presents indications of commercial quantities of phosphate, of iron, gold, copper, and coal. There are also a number of mineral springs possessing cura- tive properties and resorted to by the inhabitants. Coal is found in the SE. and E. parts of the island. FORESTS. There are forests of excellent woods suitable for building and other economic pur- poses, but their extent is limited. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 371 FRUITS. The fruits of the Visayan latitudes of the archipelago are found in quantities suf- ficient for local consumption. INDUSTRIES AND COMMERCE The people have made much advance in mechanical industries, particularly in the weaving of various fabrics, such as silk, pineapple (piña cloth), and cotton, besides specialties, such as serviceable blankets and napkins, a good quality of sinamay, and mats made from the rush called “ticay." The women of Bohol are famous for the making of excellent bread and biscuits. The exports are cocoanuts, sugar, copra, sea cucumbers (beche de mer), wax, sea shells, and pearls. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The United States military operations in the Visayan Islands began as early as December 28, 1898, but eighteen days after the signing of the treaty of peace, by taking possession of Iloilo Harbor on that date. The city was occupied by United States troops on February 11 following, Bohol being in the line of insurrectionary com- munications between Luzon, the six larger islands of the group, and Mindanao. This island was included among the objective points of the campaign in that part of the archipelago. On February 15, 1902, the following were the military stations in Bohol: Calape, a Loboc, a Tagbilaran, * Guindulmán, a Tubigón. a Loón," CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The mainland of Bohol and neighboring islands, by enactment April 20, 1901, of the United States Philippine Commission, in pursuance of the fact for the organiza- tion of provincial government in the Philippine Islands," dated February 6, 1901, were constituted a province of that name with the following civil officers: PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor $1,500 Secretary 1,000 Treasurer. 1,800 Supervisor 1,600 Fiscal ..... 1, 100 Acting under specific regulations and allowances prescribed. Presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet quarterly on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October, electing their own chairman each quarter session; to consider improvements needed in the province and for the provincial government, and to make recommendations to the provincial board; to be called by the provincial secretary, who acts as secretary to the convention and certi- fies its recommendations to the provincial board. By act of the Philippine Commission, July 17, 1901, Bohol was restored to military government and excluded from the benefits of coastwise trade. On April, 1, 1902 (act P. C., March 3), Bohol was restored to civil government, and also ports opened to coastwise trade. CONDITIONS. The civil governor of the province of Bohol reported as follows, January 9, 1902: Unfortunately 20 pueblos were completely reduced to ashes during the war. Thanks to the efforts of this government, most of these 20 pueblos are beginning to recover, so much so that the pueblos of Loon, Balilijan, Sevilla, and Anda have already their municipalities organized under the municipal code, and the other pueblos will soon be reorganized also, as they have sent representatives to this government asking for instructions in view of new municipal elections. In exchange for concessions respect- ing the cédula tax of 1 peso during the year 1902, and the forestry tax on the wood necessary for the rebuilding of their houses during three years, the inhabitants agreed to take charge of the preservation of the roads and the reconstruction of the bridges which had been destroyed during the war. a Telegraph station. 372 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS BOHOL (beau-hall'), nat.; mountain in Bohol I., BOLINA0—Continued. Visayas. has been established at Piedra Pt.; submarine BOJEADOR (boh-hay-ah-dor'), Sp.; cape on ex- cable from Hongkong formerly landed here. treme NW. point of Luzón, low, with reef of - narrow channel on NW. point of Zambales, breakers extending seaward; high coast Luzón, between cape of that name and low range, which begins at gulf of Lingayén about island of Santiago or Purra. In Zambales, 150 m. S. of cape, trends NE., forming entire Luzon, 73 m. N. of Iba, shore end of sub- distance spacious plain bordering China Sea marine telegraph cable from Hongkong ori;- coast. Cape is conspicuous object of approach inally landed in Cable-house, lat. 16° 10' N., from China W., and Formosa due N., about lon. 119° 51' 55" E., close to W. shore. Town 240 m. Coast to Cabicungan Pt. is without is situated near Cape Balantiasay, 7 m. distant soundings until near shore, with several riv E. by S. Upon United States taking posses- ers. Country inland is mountainous. There sion of islands, this landing was abandoned is light-house on this cape. (See Light and cable reaches Manila direct. Municipal houses.) district embraces 13 islands off NW. coast, - bight on W. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, Santiago being largest. There is meteorolog- from Bojeador C. to Laoag Riv., and shows ical and semaphore station and dock yard regular soundings from 13 to 7 fms. for coast vessels. Pop., 4,075. BOJÍO (bau-heel-aw), Sp.; point on N. coast of -pueblo in Zambales, Luzón, on extreme NE. Mindoro, W. of Abra de Ilog. coast, fronted by island of Purra, from which BOKWILLO; summit, 882 ft. E. by S. of Súbic, N. it is separated by narrow channel connecting shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, China Sea and NW. waters of Lingayen Luzón. Gulf. BOLABOC (bau-lah-bauk'), ver.; point on SW. -- rocky islet off NE. point of Zambales, Lu- coast of Sibuyan I., of Romblon grp., Visayas. zón, opposite town of same name and on W. side of entrance to gulf of Lingayen. BOLABOG (bau-lah-bog'), ver., hamlet on N. | BOLINOG (bau-lee-nog'), ver.; river rising on shore of Port Sorsogon, Sorsogón, Luzon. BOLAHO (bau-lah'-haw), ver.; hamlet at Pa- SW. slope of mountains overlooking Bay of Poliqui, in S. waters of Gulf of Albay, and mang Pangon Pt., on extreme SW. coast of flowing S. across neck of land, enters Port Sámar, 7 m. SE. of Guiuan. Putiao on S. BOLAI, or BOAI (bau-li', boh-ah'-ee), ver.; small BOLIPONGPONG port on W. side of Sarangani I., Saragani grp., (bau-lee-pong-pong'), ver.; island of Tapul grp., Sulu A. (See Bulipong- Dávao, Mindanao, opening on sea channel pong:) toward Balut I. Only suitable for small craft. S. entrance head lies in lat. 5° 25' 57" N., lon. BOLJOON (ball-haw-on'), ver.; pueblo and bay 125° 25' 37" E. on SE. coast of Cebú, 54 m. SW. of Cebú; BOLALÁCAO (boh-lah-lah'-cow), nat.; town in bluff is white-peaked rock of good height, on which is stone tower used as signal station; Mindoro. (See Bulalácao.) town is surrounded by wall and fortification. BOLALO (boh-lah'-loh), nat.; bay on W. side of Pop., 7,413. Palawan. BOLLOC (bau-lyock'), ver.; hamlet on shore of - deep inlet, 1 m. wide to 2, m. deep, on S. important river emptying into Laguna de shore of Blockade Strait, head being separated Liguasan, on N. side, in Cotabato, Mindanao. from N. port of Inlulutoc Bay, NW. coast of BOLO (bau -law), Hisp.; hamlet in Central Range Palawan, by narrow isthmus. Cone I. and of Panay, Iloilo, 10 m. W. by N. of Janiuay. Largon rocks, 237 ft. high, lie in approach to bay. Chinongab, sharp peak 1,216 ft. high, - point on shore of pueblo of Tiui, Tivi, or lies off E. shore of this bay. Tibi, on E. coast of Albay, Luzón, near point BOLÁS (bau-las'), ver.; islet 4 m. off NW. coast of same name. of Bohol, Visayas, 4; m. N. of Tubigón. BOLOANG (bau-lwahng'), ver., island of Cana- BOLAVANÁN (bau-lah-vah-nahn'), ver.; NE. hauan grp., off w. coast of Sámar, 12 m. S. of Tarangnan. island on this part of coast of Ambos Cama- rines (Sur), Luzón, is high and surrounded high and surrounded BOLOBOTO (bau-law-bau-taw'), ver,; point on by rocks. NW. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 23 m. S. of BOLD, for.; point on E. coast of central Palawan, Bilan Pt. High Triple Hill bearing NE. BOLOD (bau-laud'), ver.; 2 islets lifting out of sea, E. to height of 597 ft. and W. 643 ft., in - commanding point with double hill over it, 14 m. E. of Castle Pt, and forming NE Balanguingui grp. of Sulu A. extremity of Deep (Honda) Bay, E. coast of BOLON (bau-lawn'), ver.; hamlet on E. shore of Palawan. From Bold Pt. hills of coast range Zamboanga, Mindanao, 16. m. NNE. of Zam- trend N. At 3 m. N. of point is Bold Peak, boanga upward of 3,000 ft. high. BOLONG (bau-long'), ver.; town 2 m. inland from BOLDHEAD, for.; S. point of Mantinloc I., NW. SE. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 184 m. coast of Palawan. NE. of Zamboanga. BOLD PEAK, for.; summit of chain of mountains - anchorage near town of same name, SE. 3,000 ft. high on E. coast of N. Palawan, 3 m. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. N. of Bold Pt. Abreast of this peak are N. | BOLOSAN (boh-loh'-sun), nat.; hamlet in pueblo and S. Green Is. of Calumpit, Bulacan, Luzón. BOLIC (boh'-lick), nat., island 2 by 1 m. off W. BOLUD (bau-lood'), point on SE. shore of Pan- shore of extreme SE.projection of Sámar, and glao I., Bohol, Visa yas. sheltering anchorage of Mercedes. BOMAYAS (bau-mah'-yas), ver.: hamlet on r, pank BOLILA (boh-lee'-lah), ver.; point in Negros of river entering Lake Lanao from SE., in Occidental. Misamis, Mindanao. BOLILAO (boh-lee-lah'-00), ver.; hamlet on SE. BOMBON (bom-bone'), nat., mountain hamiet oi coast of Iloilo, Panay, 4 m. NE. of Dumangas. Negros Occidental, 10 m. E. of Ginigaran. BOLINA (bau-lee-nah), Sp.; islet in chain NE. - pueblo in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. of Linapacanl., toward Calamianesl., between Pop., 2,656. Busuanga I. and NE. extreme of Palawan. - point 7 m. NW. of Polo Pt., N. coast of BOLINANG (beau-lee-nung'); pueblo in Bontoc, Misamis, Mindanao. Intermediate point Luzon. Pop., in 1887, 389. formed with Pt. Poio, a little bay into BOLINAO (bau-lee-now'), ver.; important cape at which flows river Tabukan, and where NW. extremity of peninsula of Zambales, anchorage may be had sheltered from W.and Luzón, which forms W. coast of Gulf of Lin- S. winds. This point has three rocky islets gayen; is thickly wooded and moderately formed to its NW. shore. high, with Piedra Pt., Cape Bolinao of old - point on extreme S end of Alad 1 NW of charts, on its west side. A semaphore station Romblon, Visayas, No 42.54 t Balung EASILAN ISLAND LINE ISLANDS LINGA bet 1901 Do. Normend EN GULF S Α Ν Τ Ι Α Tidas και Toto ya Waag o e r win the 2.0 feet car T . Balinga Irinchar Point Tre TASUS Eyly US Coase de O ISLAND PHILIPPINE ISLANDS LUZON, WEST COAST PORT BOLINAO Sende notoo ya Hogan Taoy worytetu Seundings and hughts in fost NARRA SL THE NORRIS PETERS CO. PHOTO-LITHO WASHINGTON, DC Port Bolines No. 4251 S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 373 16 56 Se 52 59 Se S2 $2 39 18 26 2626 23 2628 59 13 29 6 39 56 st 58 29 IS 16 Brg bowlders impede anchoring here 6 10 16 to OFF THE SOUTH COAST OF MINDANAO BALUT PARIDO OR SARANGANI I. - PORT BO LAI [BOAI) S SE A Lat.5°25'57 N Long.125' 25-37°E. Rise of tide about 6 feet Yanis 374 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BOMBÓN; peak 830 ft. high, N. shore of Cuyo I., | BONGABON; a pueblo in Mindoro. Pop., Cn. Cuyos grp., Mindoro (Sulu) Sea. 1896, 679. BOMBÓN. or TAAL (bom-bone! tah-ahl': 'lake | BONGABON, or SOCOL (bong-ah'-bon, sow-col'). in NE. part of Batangas, second in impor- Tag., town, point, mountain, and river on E. tance among lakes of Luzon. It has circum coast of Mindoro 51 m. SSE. of Calapán. ference 75 m., being 17 m. from N. to S. and Pop., 271. 12 m. from E. to W. It communicates with BONGADECAN (bong-ah-day'-cahn), nat.; point sea through Riv. Pansípit, which has very on E. coast of Albay, Luzón. Lat. 120 53' N. slight inclination, there being but little dif Sea end of Cordillera which forms sea front ference between level of lake and of sea. of this part of province and island. Notwithstanding its small size, depth of this BONGAO (bong-ah'-00), ver.; port formed by is- lake in places is 106 fms. but short distance lands Bongao, Sanīga Sanga, and Papabag, from shore. In midst of it is the celebrated off extreme sw. end of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. volcano of Taal, the crater of which supplies There is village of same name (q.v.) on shore. immense quantities of sulphur. It was ac- - island, most sw. of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu tive; deposits marked 1745, 1749, 1780. A., 23 m. long by 1; broad, with its highest BOMBONAN (bohm-boh'-nun), nat.; point on W. peak 1,151 ft. and others nearly same altitude. coast of Romblon, Visayas. Lat., 12° 35' N. All these peaks are cliffy to N. and present curious appearance. Summit of island was BOMBONAY (bom-bau-ni), ver.; hamlet on r. apparently broken up by volcanic agency bank of Abra Riv., in Abra, Luzón. Except cliffs, island is densely wooded, jungle BOMBONGAN (bohm-bong'-ahn), Tag.; mineral being impenetrable after few yards. Unin- spring near Pagsanján, in Laguna, Luzón: habited. BOMBONON (bom-bau-non'); extreme SE. point - island of Balanguingui grp., Sulu A. of Negros Oriental, at entrance to port of - pueblo on island of same name, Sw. of Tawi Bombonon, on NW. shore of which lies ham- Tawi, Sulu A., occupied by Spanish in 1881, let of Bombonón, 6 m. SW. of Zamboanguita. who established garrison there, erected fort, - port and a hamlet in same place. store, quarters for officers and garrison and BONDOG (bon-dog'), nat.; point, S. extremity of few merchant houses. Beacons mark shoals great Peninsula of Tayabas, Luzón, between in inner port. Ragay Gulf on E. and Tayabas Bay on W.; is - narrow channel separating Tawi Tawi rocky. Region inland abounds in buffalos from Sanga Sanga I., in Tawi Tawi grp., and antelopes and affords fine hunting for Sulu A. those animals, which graze upon luxuriant BONGLO (bon-glaw'), nat.; hamlet in Bulacán, pasturage of plains. Point also marks W. Luzón, 4 m. E. of Bulacan. entrance to Ragay Gulf. BONGRÓ (bohn-groh'), nat.; in pueblo of Namac- - hamlet of Tayabas, Luzón, on bank of riy pacán, Unión, Luzón. er which empties into sea S. of Quinapunoan - hamlet in pueblo of San Ildefonso, Ilocos Pt., near cape of Cabeza de Bondog. Sur. - peak in Caraballos Sur, in Tayabas, Luzon. BONGÓ (bon-gaw'), nat.; bay and channel 41 m. BONDULAN (bon-doof-lahn); point 417 ft. high wide between that island and mainland of on island of Guimarás, S. shore of Iloilo Strait, Cotabato, Mindanao, leading up to Polloc opposite Iloilo, Panay. (See Cabugao Pt.) Harbor. - point in Sámar. also point on E. coast at Albay, Luzón. BONETE (bau-nay-tay), Sp.; point in Batangas, - island 300 ft. high, densely wooded, 7 m. Luzón, on W. side of peninsula which sep NE. and SW. and 2 m. wide, and 300 ft. high arates bay of Balayan W. from bay of Batan and thickly wooded, fronting Polloc Harbor, gas E., and headland of channel between Mlana Bay, Mindanao. 104 m. off shore. mainland of Batangas and Mancaban I., S. Channel between this island and Pangá Pt., - point on NW. coast of Palawan. 4, m. wide, is 150 to 240 ft. deep. BONGA (baun'-gah), Hisp.; from nat, bunga; islet BO BONGOICAUAYAN (bong - Oy - kah-wah'- yahn), off N. shore of Leyte, opposite Baybay hamlet. nat.; summit 305 ft. high on SE. shore of Súbic - hamlet on NW. coast of Antique, Panay, Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. BONLEO (bon-lay'-aw), river rising in summit of m. NW. of Pandán. Malolo Mt.; takes N. direction, entering hamlet on l. bank of Malinannang Riv. in Bonleo Bay on N. shore of Polillo I.. off In- Cápiz, N. Panay, 3 m. SE. of Mambusao. fanta, Luzón. - mountain in Sámar. - E. of 2 central bays on N. shore of Polillo BONGABON (bong-ah-bon), Tag.: pueblo on up I. off Infanta, Luzón. per Pampanga Riv., in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, BONTÁ (bon-tah'), ver.: point in W. shore Polillo 24 m. NE. of San Isidro. Pop., 3,848. I., off Infanta, Luzón. river rising in mountains of interior, flows | BONTES (bon-tays'), nat.; small stream emptying to W. across pueblo of Cabanatuan, in Nueva into sea on extreme SE. coast of Negros Orien- Ecija. tal, là 1. N. of Danin, BONTOC, LUZÓN, SUBPROVINCE OF LEPANTO-BONTOC. (Bohn-tock', nat.) Capital: Bontoc, lat. 17° 11' 30" N., lon. 121° 02' 10" E., approx. Area: 480 sq. m. Population: 13,985. Race: Igorrotes, Ifugaos, and offshoots. Language: Ilocano, Igorrote, and a number of analogous dialects. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. Bontoc to- Dagupan, on Manila and Dagupan Railroad, SW.. Iligan, on the Grande de Cagayán Riv Isabela, E. Manila, S. by E... Vigan, Ilocos Sur, China Sea coast, NW 181 48 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 375 PORT BOLINAO From a survey in Nov.1900, by the officers of the U.S.S.Samar, with additions from a survey by Mr C.J.Hall, Tel.S.S. Calabria, 1880 Ruin, Lat.16°2410 N. -Long. 19°54'55'E SANTIAGO I hig). land thickly woodea zo 2 . BA Villa 972 10 Mg 10 10 22 .... ZO ZI 22 23 9 M 10 Run. 16 10 20 10 10 10 11 12 10 65 1977 . M12 9 12 8 8 86% 13 15 15 15 15 15,1 119 2025 2026 high land thickly wooded Sheshwa Nautical Mile 376 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Bontoc embraces the region in the SE. part of Abra, Luzon. It lies in the spurs of the E. slopes of the Gran Cordillera Central and is bounded on the N. by Abra; on the NE. for a distance of 6 m. by Cagayán; on the E. by Isabela; on the s. by Nueva Vizcaya and Lepanto, and on the W. by Lepanto and Abra, ali provinces of Luzon. Its boundaries form a complete amphitheater of lofty moun- tain summits, among which rise tributary streams of the main current of the Grande de Cagayán Riv, on the E. AREA. The province at its greatest dimensions is 26 m. from NW. to SE., and 30 from NW. to SE. It is 21 m. from N. to S. and 32 m. from E. to W. Area: 480 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. Its physical features consist of a number of detached spurs from the high moun- tain to the N. and W. Its rivers form the sources of the Chico and other tributaries of the Grande de Cagayán. The climate is temperate and moist, owing to the moun- tain elevations which constitute its entire surface. There are also numerous mineral springs, especially saline. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are no roads and but few trails, owing to the mountainous character of the country and small population. The transportation of the few commodities of the country is carried on in small boats on the rivers, where practicable. POPULATION AND TOWNS. apo of the wild racesre Ifugaos, Igorrotdialects are spoken W... Sacasacan N; The population is given at 13,985, and by other authorities at 24,502, divided among two pueblos and a number of rancherías. On account of the scattered condi- tion of the wild races over this region, the estimates are as high as 82,500. The inhabitants are Ifugaos, Igorrotes, Busaos, Itetapanes, Calingas, Gaddanes, and Dayadas. A number of analogous dialects are spoken, including Ilocano, Suffin, Itetapán, and Igorrote. There are 33 pueblos, Sagada W., Sacasacan N. by E., and Basio in the same direction from Bontoc, on the banks of the Chico de Cagayán, being the most prominent. The following is the division of Bontoc into pueblos, and their populations under the census of 1887: Total population combining residents present and ab- sent, natives and Spanish, census 1887. Subprovince and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 111 384 94 136 156 140 298 112 150 251 682 206 286 329 173 186 582 Bontoc: Agua ...... Alap........ Ambaycan .. Anquilén. Antado ..... Baininao ... Balifi. Balugan. Banane... Betuagin. Bolinang. Bontoc ... Canco ... Cristiano .. Cunugun Dalican. Fidilizan Guinaon. Inapuy 92 253 177 117 94 329 212 155 202 471 116 389 272 389 187 516 99 74 987 215 82 176 235 101 319 62 163 208 145 360 156 339 443 246 679 134 72 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 377 Total population combining residents present and ab- sent, natives and Spanish, census 1887. Subprovince and pueblos. Men, Women. Total. 193 280 163 243 162 41 276 Bontoc-Continued: Mainit .. Malecon. Piquigan.... Poquitan. Quinaquil. Sacasacan. Sandanga. Sagada ... Sanqui ..... Taccon... Talubing Tanulon. Tetepan.. Tutucan... Total .. 136 281 130 196 128 54 292 504 257 165 298 113 531 204 586 275 176 349 561 293 439 290 95 568 1, 090 532 341 611 251 1,037 403 13,775 313 138 506 199 6,666 7,109 Estimated, 1901 (not included in Abra), 13,985. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The soil is fertile along the streams. The staples are cotton, sugar cane, corn, and rice. MINERALS. In Dalican, W. of Bontoc, is found an abundance of iron pyrites. At Tanoro is a bed of argentiferous galena. Traces of gold are also reported. FORESTS. The country is covered with extensive forests, the value of which, however, has not been estimated on account of the inaccessibility of the region and lack of trans- portation. FRUITS. Bananas and oranges grow. The climate, on account of the elevation, is reported as suitable to the growth of many of the fruits of the United States. INDUSTRIES. The only occupation of the people beyond the requirements of home consumption is the manufacture of salt from the springs of Mainit, NW. of Bontoc. The waters are reported clear, hot, without odor, and salty. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The peaceful tendency of the people of this region has not necessitated military occupation nor military stations. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. On May 23, 1902, Bontoc, the former Spanish comandancia, was reported by the Commission as one of the regions outside of the Moro country not under civil gov- ernment; that no armed insurrection existed there; that there was no reason why civil government might not be established; that special government for Bontoc, inhabited exclusively by peaceful Igorrotes, would be organized in a few days. This was carried into effect by act of Philippine Commission May 28, 1902. (See Lepanto-Bontoc, Province of.) BONTOC (bohn-tock'), nat.; capital and pueblo of BONTOD (bohn-tohd'), nat.; cove on N. side of same name in Luzón, situated among sum- entrance to Sorsogon port, between Saclayan mits of Gran Cordillera Central in W. part and Tumalaitai Pts., Sorsogón, Luzón. and somewhat inaccessible on account of the barren island off NE. coast of Masbate, N. scarcity of roads, means of travel being chiefly of bay of Mobo, fronting pueblo of Palánog. by mountain trail. Lies but 12 m. NE. of BONTONTILOT, or BATU:TANDOC (bon-ton-tee- Cayán, capital of Lepanto, and 46 m. N. by lot', bah'-too tahn-dock'), ver.; point on W. W. of Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, which is coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, and forming 125 m. from Manila. Pop., in 1887, 987. N. head of Sibuco Bay. - hamlet on W. shore of Lión Bay, Leyte, 4 | BOOL (bau-awl'), nat.; hamlet on S. shore of Dum- m. SW. of Sógod Nueva. aran I., off N. Palawan. 378 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BOPTOÁ (bop-too-ah'). ver.; N. point of entrance | BOTOCÁN: waterfall formed by river Camatían. to anchorage of Guiuan, on w. shore of ex This river having its rise in Banájao Mt., at treme SE. Sámar. Salto, 9 m. distant, takes plunge into chasm BORABE (boh-rah'-bay). nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Lagonoy, Ambos Camarines, on river which in form of spray. (See Majayjay.) empties into bay of Lagonoy. BOTOGÁN (boh-toh-gahn'), nat.; point on S. BORABO (boh-rah'-boh), nat.; islet in opening of head of Dapitan Bay, N. coast Dapitan, Min- bight on S. coast of Sámar, Visayas, 7 m. NW. danao. of Guiuan port. BOTOLAN (bau-taw-lahn), ver.; mountain 1,847 BÓRAC (boh'-rack), nat.; extreme SE. point of ft. high on coast of Zambales, Luzón, near Jimanoc I., off Basey. SW. coast of Sámar. point of that name. Inland double range of high mountains runs nearly N. and s.On - narrow port on E. coast of Busuanga I., coast side is extensive flat plain named Playa Calamianes grp., well sheltered by Dinaran Honda. Of inner range, Pinalubo is 6,040 ft. and Matayan Is. high. BORBÓN (bohr-bone'), Sp.; town on 1. bank of - pueblo on coast highway in Zambales, Lu- Gibong Riv., in Surigao, Mindanao, 28 m. SE. zón,5 m. SE.of Iba, near mouth of Botonglapot of Butúan. Riv. Pop., 4,565. - pueblo of Cebú, 51 m. from Cebu. Pop., BOTOLAN, or GUAI (boh-toh'-lahn, gwah'-ee), 2,805. nat.; point 6 m. SSE. of Iba Pt., Zambales, BORIGB; river entering extreme S. shore Libás Luzón. Mt. Botolan, formed by 2 hills, the port, E. coast of Sámar, SE. of Libás. higher, 1,847 ft., is excellent mark for coast. BORÍN (boh-reen'), nat.; mountain of Albay, BOTONG (bau-tong'), ver.; point on NW. coast Luzón, in lat. 13° 06' N.; one of N. spurs which of Misamis, Mindanao, lat. 8° 31' N. run along S. coast of bay of Albay, which BOTONGLAPOT (bau-tong-lah'-pot), ver.; broad it follows, terminating opposite island of river in Zambales, Luzon, which rises in Cacraray. mountains of W. boundary and empties into BORJA (bor-hah), Sp,; hamlet of Negros Occi sea, S. of Botolan. dental, 9 m. NW. of Guiniganan. BOTUBUT (boh-too'-boot); hamlet in pueblo of BOROBALOTO (bo-rough-bah-law'-toh), ver.; Balaoan or Balauang, Unión, Luzón. islet off NW. coast of Timpasan I., in Cana BOTURAWE (bau-too-rah'way); river rising in hauan grp., at entrance to Daram channel, E. slopes of Central range of Leyte, entering 7 m. SW. of Tananguan, off w.coast of Sámar. sea at Abuyog. BOROBO (boh-roh'-boh), nat.; river emptying on BOWEN, for.; round islet 1 m. off N. point of SW. shore of Lagúan Bay, N. coast of Sámar. Bugsuk, Balábac grp., SW. of Palawan. BOROCO (bo-rough'-cau), ver.; extinct volcano in BOYAN (boh'-yun), nat.; bay on S. coast of Min- extreme SE. Sámar, 4 m. NE, of Quinapundan. danao, lat. 4° 47' N. BORÓN (boh-rohn'), nat.; islet off NE. shore of BRASS, for.: settlement of Moros on plains which form E. shore of bay of Illana, Mindanao, lat. 7° 30' F. BORONGA (bau-rong'-ah), ver.; point in Panay. BRIYOON, for.: point on S. head of Honda or BORONGÁN (bo-rong'-ahn), ver.; lat. 11° 41' N.; Deep Bay, E. coast of central Palawan. pueblo on E. coast of Sámar, 33 m. E. by S. of BROKEN, for.: E. islet of group NW. of Mala- buctún I., off Aletas de Tiburón Bay, E. coast Stands on shore of small bay about 1 m. wide of N. Palawan. and nearly 1 m. inland. River Buruhan _head at entrance to Ulugan Bay, 1,030 ft. discharges into this bay, entrance to which is between Ando and Divinubo Is; depth be- high, W. coast of N. Palawan. tween these islands is 222 ft. and 33 ft. close BROOKE, SIR J., for.; point on SW. coast of Pa- to shore. Between Borongan and Lanang are lawan, at N. head to Ipolote Bay. From Seg. extensive cocoanut plantations for manufac yam I. coast trends ENE. 13 m. to this point; ture of oil. Pop., 9,448. shore is well populated - river and bay on E. coast of Sámar, S. from BROTHERS NORTH and SOUTH, for.; 2 islets in Ando I. Has good anchorage in heavy N. part of Daracotan Bay, 1 m. SE. of opening weather. between Cabul and Palawan. BORUC-BORUC (bo-rooc-bo-rooc'), ver.; hamlet BROUGHTON, for.; extreme point of Boayan I., on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 14 m. S. of NW. coast of Palawan. Tibiao. BROW, for.; mountain in central Palawan, 31 m. inland from Steep Pt. BOSÍCONG (boh-seel-cong), nat., creek emptying on N. shore of Panguil Bay, SW. end of Misa- BROW CONE, for.; peak on N. face of Gap Range, mis port, Misamis, Mindanao. 1,180 ft. high, overlooking Bluff Pt., W. coast BOSOBOSO (bau'-saw-bau'-saw). Tag.; pueblo of Palawan. W. part of Rizal, Luzón, at headwaters of S. BROW SHOULDER, for.: peak in central Pala- branch of San Mateo Riv., 9 m. N. of Mórong wan 3,840 ft. high, in Gap Range, forming and 19 m. ENE. of Manila; town formerly extremity of ridge suddenly trending to E. was seat of important iron mines and fur- and attaining highest elevation of about naces. Pop., 855. 5,000 ft. BOSOG (boh-sogh'), nat.; mountain in Panay. BOSWELL, for.; islet in cluster N. of Malabuctán ing elevation of 5,000 ft., SE. coast of Moor- I., off NE. coast of Palawan. some head, W. coast of N. Palawan. wan. BOTIC (bau-teek'), ver.; island of S. coast of Sá- mar, NW. of Guiuan port. BOTOBOLO (bau-taw-bau'law), yer.; point on extreme SE. coast of Panaon I., SE. of Leyte, on Surigao Strait. BOTOCAN (bau-tau-kahn), tag., river forming E. branch of Pagsanjan. It rises across bound- ary of Laguna, in Tayabas, Luzón. rises to 1,400 ft. BRUCH, for.; inland town 4. m. W. of Bislig Bay, E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 126 m. SSE. of Surigao BRUJO (broo'-hoh), Sp., barren island in Su- riago, Mindanao, off E. coast. BRYSON, for.; point on S. limit of Honda Bay, E. coast of central Palawan. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 379 TAWI TAWI GROUP BI PORT BONGAO From a Spanish Government Survey, 1873 Motor Lat. 52:46x long. 19:47:50 E. SA NGA V or or 20 30 15 *More 1 a 12 12 CHONGOS 3 ANCHORA 23 or 25 13 9 * # 19 19 1 123 + 35 Smx 31 32 33 Harten 7 abuse st SSD te 30 of 10 alagd AL VARIATION NEARLY... ...140 wie die belanden salu Objer 3 qua Cables 380 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BUABÚA (boo-ah-boo'-ah), ver.; hamlet on W. | BUBUAN; most NW. island, 498 ft. high and 2 sq. shore of extreme SE. Sámar, 2 m. SE. of Sal m. in area, of Sulu I., Sulu A. On S. side are 2 cedo. islets; channel which separates it from Cabu- BUABUN (bwah'-boon), nat.; village on E. shore kan into 3 parts, each about 500 yds. wide, by of bight on S. coast Sámar, 8 m. NNW. of little islet Lahat Lahat. Guiuan port. -northeasternmost of Tawi Tawi grp., on W. BUAD (bwahd'), ver.; island 7 by 4 m. greatest side of Tapaam passage, Sulu A.; island is 31 distances, at entrance to Maqueda Bay, 6 m. by 2 m. in extent and 457 ft. high; narrow SE. of Catbalogan, Samar; is mountainous, channel, i m., separates it from Moniakolat central peak rising to 1,155 ft. I.; it is covered with trees, and from highest peak chain of hills extends to E., terminat- - channel m. wide at its narrowest point, ing at N. point. On W. side of Bubuán, in between Daram I. on NW. and mainland of shallow lagoon sheltered by bar, numerous Sámar on SE.; used by small coasters from fishing prawls seek protection from stress of Biliran I, across Daram Channel, E. through weather and into it they crowd upon approach Buad Channel, thence between Buad I. N. of steam vessel. It is reported by H. M. S. and Lintancan I. S. thence N. by Villareal Nassau that fully 200 of these boats were ob- and Maqueda bays to Catbalogan. served dredging for pearl oysters S, and E. of - hamlet on island of same name off W. this island. coast of Sámar, S. across channel from Catba- logan. BÚBUG (boo'-boog), nat.; village on r. bank of N. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cota- BUAGAN (boo-ah-gahn'), nat.; point in Ilocos bato, Mindanao, above Sandy Pt. Norte, Luzón. BUBUNAUAN (boo-boo-nah'-00-ahn), ver.; river BUAGAO (boo-ah-gow'); river emptying into Ban- in Mindanao. qui Bay, NW. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón. BUAL (bwahl'), ver.; point and river entering BUBUNTUGAN (boo-boon-too'-gahn), ver.; ham- Célebes Sea at its base, on SW. coast of Dávao, let on E. shore of Makajalar Bay, 1 m. N. of Mindanao, 23, m. ESE. of Bacud Pt. Jasaan, Misamis, Mindanao. BUAN (bwahn'), nat.; island in bay of Tawi Tawi, BUCACÁN (boo-cah-cahn'), ver.; river in Leyte, N. of Balambing and near coast of Tawi Tawi rising in Calauinan Mt. and emptying into I., Sulu A. It is of some height, well culti- sea 2 m. N. of Hindang. vated, and has good water. BUCAGAN (boo-cah'-gun), nat.; conspicuous hill - point 7 m. S. of Buñga Pt., on E. coast of at mouth of Malamban Riv., 14 m. SW. of Mindanao. Low and sandy. Small river Misamis, Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao, which can be entered by boats only passes for which it is landmark. through cogonal at point. BUCALAG (boo-cah-lag'), ver., hamlet at mouth - village on NE. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., of stream emptying on E. shore of Maqueda Sulu A. Bay, 1} m. NÈ. of San Sebastián, W. coast of BUANGSÚ (boo-ang-soo'), ver.; hamlet on S. Sámar. shore of great bight on N. coast of Sulu I., BUCAO (boo-cow'), nat; hamlet in Iloilo, Panay. Sulu A., 7. m. E. by S. of Sulu. 2 m. S. of Santa Bárbara. BUANOY (boo-ah-noy'). ver.; point and river en- - river in Zambales, Luzón. tering strait of Tañon 2 m. S. of Balambán, — river emptying on NE. shore of Laguinic W. coast of Cebú. Bay, W. coast of Sámar. BUAO (boo-ah'-00), ver.; hamlet near one of W. - hamlet in Abra, Luzón, in pueblo of tributaries of Bac-hao Bangahon Riv., S. cen Tayum, on river Tinog. tral Sámar. BUCAS (boo-cahs'), nat.; 3 islands so close to- BUAOAN (buah-wahn) nat., a summit on ex gether as almost to form one, off NE. coast of treme N. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, be Surigao, Mindanao. S. or Great Bucás is tween spurs of Mt. Patapat on E. and Bangui irregular in outline, 14 m. N. and S., and 6 m. on W. greatest width; area about 56 sq.m.; through- BUARTIA (boo-ar-tee-ah), ver.; island in Balan- out its entire length traversed by range of guingui grp., Sulu A. high hills. Tugas Pt., on mainland of Min- danao, lies 5 m. to S. Middle Bucás is 31 m. BUAS (boo-as'). ver.: point on SW. shore of Taal from N. to S., and 25 m. from E. to W., with Lake. Mts. Macolot and Vigan rise inland, area of 5 sq. m. Conical hill, 984 ft. high, BUATAN (boo-ah'-tahn), ver.; hamlet midway rises on SE. side. E. island, 3 m. E. and W., between Lanao Lake and Iligan Bay, Misa and 1, m. N. and S., area 3 sq, m.. completes mis, Mindanao. group. This island is separated from Siargao BUATON (boo-ah-tawn), ver.; hamlet on high I. on N. by channel 1 m. wide. Port Sibonga road from Zamboanga to Las Mercedes, in is its chief anchorage. Tetuan township, Zamboanga, Mindanao. - mountain 1.700 ft. high, on SE. shore of BUAYA (boo-ah'-yah), nat.; island 2 m. long, off Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao, E. by S. of NE. Leyte, in W. entrance of sea channel Sibuco Pt. leading to San Juanico Strait. - cone 984 ft. high, on s. shore of Bucás I., - hamlet on SE, shore of Villareal Gulf, in off NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, and ap- Sámar. proaching Sibonga port from N. BUBIÁN (boo-bee-ahn), ver.; hamlet of Cápiz, BÚCAY (boo'-ki), ver.: pueblo in Abra, Luzón, 11 m. SE. of Bangued, on 1. bank of Abra Riv. Panay, on NE. coast, im. W. of Navas. Pop., 2,461. BUBLARAN (boo-blah'-rahn),ver.; point in island -mountain in Abra, Luzon. of Buad, off Catbalogan, W. coast of Sámar. BUCIT (boo-sit'); point on SE. coast of Dávao, BUBÓN (boo-bon'), Sp.; hamlet in Benguet, Lu Mindanao, SW. of Guay Pt. zón, 8 m. N. of Trinidad, Pop., 169. BUCJAON (book-hah'-awn), ver.; mountain in - lat. 10° 29' N., lon. 119° 5' E., entrance point Sámar. of Barton Bay, NW. coast of Palawan. BUCKLE, for.; point on NE. side of which is situ- BUBUÁN (boo-boo-ahn'), ver.; island 14 m. in ated Puerto Princesa, E. coast of Palawan. diameter, 794 ft. high; most N. of Basilan BUCONG (boo-cong') ver.; point on S. shore of grp., S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. Guimarás Strait, 13 m. W. of Isid, Negros - island 794 feet high, 2 sq. m. in extent, 31 Occidental. m. S. of Manghal Pt., S. shore of Basilan I., | BUCTAUAN (booc-tah'-00-ahn), ver.; hamlet in Sulu A., 11 m. N. of Tapiantana I. Benguet, Luzón, 7 m. N. of Trinidad. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 381 BUCTÚN (book-toon'), nat.; point on W. coast of Ylín I., in lat. 12° 15' N. BUCUD (boo-cood'), nat.; point SW. coast Dávao, Mindanao, S. by E. to Bulalúan Pt.; has many inlets and mountains near coast. BUCULBATÓ (boo-cool-bah-ta w'), Tag.; hamlet in Bulacan, Luzón, 12m. NE. of Bulacán. BUCUTÚA (boo-coo-too'-ah), ver.; one of Sáma- les Is., Balanguingui grp., Sulu A. BUCUTÚAN, or BUKUTÚA (boo-coo-too-ahn, boo-coo-tool-ah), ver.; island in Balanguingui grp., Sulu A., 3 m. long and 1. wide. BUDIANG, or BADIAN (boo-dee-ahng', bah'- deeahn), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Moalboal (Mualbual), Cebú. BUED (bwaid'), ver.; stream in side valley through which it is proposed to bring railway from Dagupan to Baguio, Benguet, Luzón. BUENABRIGO (boo-ayn'-ah-bree'-gaw) (means good shelter), Sp.; point and anchorage on W. coast of Cebú, 5 m. N. of Asturias, BUENAVISTA (bway-nah-vees-taw), Sp.; hamlet on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 3 m. N. of Sebaste. - pueblo in Iloilo, Panay. - mountain in pueblo of Baliuag, Bulacan, Luzón. - crater in W. Antique, Panay, near boundary of Cápiz, 18 m. NW. of Tibiao. - hamlet on NE. shore of Manicani I., off Guiuan, on S. shore of SE. Sámar, Visayas. - town in NW. part of Guimaras I., on r. bank of S. tributary of Potiocan bato, emptying into Iloilo Strait, 1 m, inland E. of Iloilo Strait and 3 m. E. of Iloilo, Panay. Pop., 3,497. - hamlet in Cavite, Luzón, 13 m. S. of Cavite. BUENLI (boo-ayn-lee'), Hisp.; creek in Tayabas, Luzón. BUENRETIRO (bwayn-ray-tee'-roh), Sp.; hamlet in pueblo of Negros Occidental. BUENASENAL (bway-nah-say-nyal'), Sp.; island E. of Malhon or Jomonjol I. and Sw.of Sungi Pt., Sámar. BUEN SUCESO (bo-ayn' soo-thay-saw'), Sp.; ham- let in Pampanga, Luzón, 12 m. N. of Bacolor. (Also Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso.) BUFITES boo-fee-tays): several islets NE. of Potol Pt., Panay, adjacent to coast of Cápiz. BUGÁ (boo-gah'), nat.; point on SE. coast of Cebú, 2 m. S. of Alcoy. - point on E. side of San Miguel I., off E. coast of Albay, lat. 30° 22' N. BUGÁCAY (boo-gah-ki), ver.; hamlet in Samar, 44 m. NW. of Borongan. BUGAKIÁ (boo-gah-kee-ah'), ver.; hamlet at foot of peak on NW. extreme of Macajalar Bay, N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, 35 m. N. by E. of Cagayan de Misamis. BUGÁN (boo-gahn'), ver.; river entering sea on W. coast of Antique, Panay,1 m. S. of Pandán. BUGALON (boo-gah-lone), nat.; island in channel between Masbate on NW. and Leyte on SE. BUGAS (boo'-gus), nat.; headland and port of island of Sámar, lat. 11° 50' N., at mouth of Pagbabagnan Riv., on E. coast. BUGASÓN (boo-gah-sawn'), Sp.; pueblo W. coast of Antique, Panay, 24 m. N. of San José de Buenavista, largest in district. Pop., 14, 104. BUGASUÑGAN (boo-gah-soong'-ahn), ver.; small stream in Cápiz, Panay, entering Buruanga Riv. at Buruanga at its mouth, NW. coast. BUGAYA (boo.gah'-yah), ver.; point in SW. Sámar. BUGBUG (boog-boog'), nat.; hamlet on E. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, 44 m. SE. by S. of Dávao. BUGCAON (boog-cah'-on), ver.; town in one of E. ranges in Misamis, Mindanao, 31 m. SSE. of Cagayan de Misamis. BUGIAO (boo-hee-ah'oh): town in Benguet, Luzón, N. of Baguio. BUGJAON (boog-hah'-on), ver.; mountain in NW. Leyte, 7 m. NE. of Villaba. BUGLUG (boog-loog'), ver.; islet SE. of Pan de Azúcar, with which it is connected by stretch of land, and one oi group E. of San Dionisio, E. coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay. BUGNAI (boog-nye), nat.; bay on NW. coast of Carogo or Puro I., Nin Bay, SW. coast of Mas- bate, Visayas. - point on E. shore of bay of same name on NW. coast of Carogo or Puro I., SW. coast of Masbate, Visayas. - river entering bay of same name, SE. of point of same name on NW. coast of Carogo or Puro I., Nin Bay, SW. coast of Masbate, Visayas. - hamlet in Iloilo, E. Panay, in lateral range of mountains on boundary with Cápiz, 54 m. NW. by N. of Passi. BUGNAYÓN (boog-nah-yon'), ver.; point in Panay. BUGNEY (boog-nay'), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, SW. Panay, 3 m. NW. of Igbaras. BUGO (boo-gau'), ver.; point and town, 5. m. S. of Bantolinao Pt., E. coast of Cebu. Town stands on rising ground, surrounded by hills. BUGSANGÁ (boog-sung-ah'), nat.; point on W. coast of Mindoro, N. of bay of Mangerin, lat. 12° 21' N., and terminus of a spur of S. ranges that forms in center of island. BUGSIT (boog-sit'), nat., stream of Pampanga, Luzon, which rises about center of province and empties into Pampanga Chico Riv. - village in province of Pampanga, Luzón, on main road and on stream of same name, tributary of Pampanga Chico. BUGSÚAN (boog-sool-ahn), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Luzon, near r. bank of Abra Riv., 14 m. SE. of. Bangued. BUGSUK (boog-sook'), ver.; island off SE. coast of Palawan, at Church Pt. - second largest island of Balábac grp., 9. m. N. and S. and 54 m. E. and w. It almost touches Pandanan I. on NW., channel being but 3, cables (2,520 ft.) wide, and less than 4. m. SE. of extreme SE. coast of Palawan. BUGTASAN (boog-tah'-sun), nat.; river emptying on SW. shore of inlet on NE. coast of Samar, between Lagúan and Palápag channels. BUGTON (bug-tohn') nat.; extreme S. point of Batán I., off E. coast of Albay, Luzón. BUGTÚ (boog-too'); point 4 m.NE. of Mondragón, N. coast of sámar. River enters sea E. of point near Pambujan but having no connec- tion with it. BUGTÚN (boog toon'), nat.; islet off SE. shore of Masbate I., Visayas. - inlet on N. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, which receives river having its source in Mt. Patapat and empties into Bangui Bay. BUGTUNA (boog-tool-nah), nat.; point on Sw. coast of Sámar, in lat. 12° 17' 30" N. BUGUBAS (boo-goo'-bas), ver.; river in Mindanao. BUGUEY (H0o-gay'), ver.; N. pueblo of Cagayan, Luzon, 8 m. SE. of Aparri and 56 m. N. of Tuguegarao and connected by 2 roads with main highway at Camalaniugan and Lal-16 to SW. It enjoys considerable local trade. Pop., 1,120. BUGUEY, or DELGADA (boo-gay', dayl-gah-dah'), nat.; point on W. of large bay on N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón, lat. 18° 22' N. - town in pueblo of same name, Cagayan, Luzón. BUGUI (boo'-gee), ver.; extreme NW. point of Masbate I., Visayas. - hamlet of Lepanto, Luzón, at headwaters of stream which empties into China Sea although but 4 m. W. of Abra Riv., and 20 m, NW. of Cayán. 382 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BUGUI; river in SW. Sámar, about 25 m. long, flow BUIONG MUNTÍ (boo-yong' moon-tee'), nat.: ing S. and emptying into San Pedro Bay on point on E. shore of entrance to Subic Bay, SE. N. shore, 6 m. E. of Basey, coast of Zambales, Luzón. - islet sq.m., 1, m. NE. of Culion, Calamián BUJATAN (boo-hah'-tahn), nat.: village on NE. I., Calamianes grp. shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogón, Luzon, 2, m. - hamlet in Mindanao, on small bay in lat. ESE. of Sorsogón. 7° 11' N. BUJIMBA (boo-him'-bah), ver.; mountain, 897 ft. BUGUIÁS (boo-gee-as'), nat.; round, flat topped high, in Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. islet in SW. portion of Tabaco Bay in entrance BUJU (boo'-hoo). nat.: island on W. shore of to Sala or Sulu Channel, between Albay and Ticao I., Visayas, near its N. limit. Cacraray I., Luzón. BUJUTAN (boo-hoo'-tun), nat.; village on N. -- pueblo in Benguet, Luzón, 17 m. NE. of shore of Albay Gulf, Albay, Luzón, E. of Trinidad. Pop., 650. Libog. BUGUIS (boo'-geese), ver.; point in S. Mindanao. BUKAJÓN (boo-kah-hon'), ver.; hillin range with S. angle of fort at Misamis port, on Panguil BUGUÍTAI (boo-geel-tie), ver.; island 1 sq. m. Bay, Misamis, Mindanao. fronting large bay on NE. coast of Polillo I., off Infanta, Luzón. BUKIR (boo-keer'). nat.: barren island on SE. coast of Palawan. Lat. 9° 34' N. BUGULAYAN (boo-goo-lah'.yahn), ver.; point in BÚKIT (boo'-kit), nat.; hamlet on shore of Sa- Tablas I., Visayas. rangani Strait, extreme S. coast of Dávao, BUGUT (boo-goot'): port on N. side of Danas Riv., Mindanao, 101 m. S. of Davao. W. coast of Cebu. (See Carmen.) BUKUD, or BACUD (boo-cood', bah-cood'), ver.; BUHI (boo'-hee), ver.; lake 3 by 13 m. in Yriga point on SW. coast of Davao, Mindanao, 18, Mts. in SE. corner of Ambos Camarines m. ESE. of Polo Pt. (Sur), Luzón, 25 m. SE. of Nueva Cáceres. BUKUTKUT (boo-coot-coot') ver.; reef, from Lake is 300 ft. above sea, surrounded on all which rise islets and rocks of Tabuan cluster, sides by hills 1,000 ft. high. On its W. shore Cinapuran grp., Sulu A. are remains of Yriga volcano. On January 4, 1 BUKUTÚA, or BUCUTÚA (boo-coo-tool-ah), ver.; 1641, this volcano burst forth, its summit pre- one of larger of the Samales Is. of Balan- viously conical, fell in, forming lake. Inhab- guingui grp., Sulu A. It is 157 ft. high, and itants of village of Buhi, migrated to shores separated from Bulan by channel 720 ft. of new lake, hence its name. Igorrotes are wide. Channel between Bukutúa and largely settled in this neighborhood. (Also Tatalón is 2, m. wide. Buji.) BULA (boo'-lah), nat.: town at junction of one of - pueblo of Ambos Camarines (Sur) on S. main E. tributaries of Bicol Riv. and puebloin shore of lake of that name. Jägor, German Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 14 m. SE. of scientist, reports upon arrival at this point Nueva Cáceres, connected by fine road. Pop., priest had it proclaimed by sound of drum 2,800. that newly arrived stranger wanted to ob- tain all kinds of animals whether of earth, - hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, 2) m. NW. of air, or water for which cash would be paid. Mambusao. He was soon overstocked with moths, cen- - point on E. trend of coast of Negros Occi- tipedes, and other vermin, but nothing use dental, S. shore of Guimarás Strait. ful. Town is on fine road 29 m. SE. of Nueva BULABOT (boo-lah-bot'), ver.: hamlet in Cápiz, Cáceres. Pop., 10,000. Panay, 5, m. S. of Malinao. - river in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, - river in Panay. taking its rise in lake of that name, flows BÚLAC (boo'-luck), nat.; hamlet on 1. bank of NW. and enters Bicol Riv. Binalbagan Riv., 64 m. NE. of Binalbagan, - mountain in Albay, Luzon, near Ambos Negros Occidental. Camarines (Sur) boundary, 20 m. NNW. of - hamlet in Negros Oriental, at head waters Albay and 4 m. E. of Buhi Lake. (See Ma- of stream emptying at Danin, 8 m SW by linao.) S. of Dumaguete. - mountain using above town of same name - point 15 m, S. by E. of S. entrance to Port in Ambos Camarines, Luzón. Sorsogón, Sorsogon, Luzón at mouth of Bulan BUHIÁ (boo-hee-ah'), ver.; hamlet on N. shore Riv. of Sảmar, 1 m. E. of Mondragón. - hamlet in Bulacan, Luzón, on main road, BUHISAN (boo-hee' sahn), ver.; point on S. end 18 m. N. of Bulacan. of E. coast of Panaón I., SE. of Leyte. - river in S. Leyte. BÚHOY (boo'-hoy), ver., hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, BULACABO (boo-lah-cah'-boh), nat.: barren is- 2 m. E. of León. land on N. coast of Negros Occidental Lat. BUHU (boo'-hoo), nat.: town on SW, shore of a 11° 02' N. small bay, SE, side of Lapun Lapun anchor- BULACAL (boo-lah-cal'), ver., hamlet in Cápiz, age, on N. coast of Cagayan Sulu. Good water piz, Panay, 2 m. NE. of Pontevedra. is to be had at this point. BULACAHUI (boo-lah-cah'-hooy), nat. point in BUHUGAN (boo-hoo-gun), nat.; village of pueblo N. Leyte, on sea channel toward Biliran, 4) of Basey SW. coast of Sámar. m. NE, of Leyte. BULACÁN, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Boo-lah-cahn', Tag.) Capital: Malolos, lat. 140° 51' N., lon. 120° 48' E. Area: 841 sq. m. Population: 239,464, Tagalog. Race: Tágalog. Language: Tagálog. Spanish is also spoken among the educated. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Malolos to- Angeles, NW... Lingayen, NW.. Manila, SE..... Súbie, China Sea coast. CAVE OF BIACNABATO, BULACÁN, LUZÓN. Where insurrection of 1896-97, against Spain, was ended. FISHING IN A TIDE-WATER CREEK, BULACÁN, LUZÓN. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 383 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. Bulacán (búlac, cotton; bulacán, a place where cotton is grown) was formerly called Meycauayan, the town of Bulacán being its former capital. It is bounded on the N. by Nueva Ecija; on the E. by Nueva Ecija and Infanta, from which it is separated by the almost impassable Cordillera Grande Oriental; on the S. by Rizal and Manila Bay, and on the W. by Pampanga. AREA. It measures 48 m. from NE. to SW., and 49 m. from NW. to SE. Area, 841 sq. m., or 538,240 acres. PHYSICAL FEATURES. On account of its natural beauty and abundant productiveness, Bulacán is some- times called “the garden of the Philippines.” The surface of the province, except toward the Infanta boundary on the E., is flat, with numerous rivers. The vegeta- tion is luxuriant. The principal summits, Mts. Silao and Pahalang, parallel the lofty Cordilleras and with them form a valley through which the Quingua finds its tortuous way into the Pampanga Grande. All the streams flow to the W. into the majestic Pampanga, or SW. into its many outlets across the delta of the same name. This delta occupies the extreme SW. corner of the province, a distance of 19 m. along Manila Bay and from 6 to 12 m. inland. Across this low, populous, and productive area the volume of the Pampanga Grande finds its outlet through 14 distinct mouths. The network of its channels forms 44 distinct islands, some of con- siderable size. One of the most celebrated natural features of the archipelago is the caye of Biac-na-bató, in this province. It is the place where the insurrection of 1897 against Spain was ended. About 8 m. NE. of San Miguel de Mayumo, in the NW. portion, are the springs of Sibul, the healing properties of which are so widely known that large numbers of people from the neighboring provinces go there to find relief from their infirmities. BAYS AND HARBORS. The province is without harbors in a strict sense of the word, notwithstanding its position on the NE. shore of Manila Bay. The numerous outlets of the Grande de Pampanga Riv. afford communication between the bay and the interior. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. Riv. affordhore of Mars in a strict n into con a daily stear with Manad from Sans in the The contiguity of the province and proximity of its former capital to Manila bring this region into constant intercourse with that chief center of administration and industry. There is a daily steamer direct to Manila. The province is in communi- cation by rail and wagon road with Manila on the S., and Pampanga, Tarlac, and Pangasinan on the NW., and by wagon road from San Miguel to Polo and Peñaranda, in Nueva Ecija. During the rainy reason the roads in the vicinity of San Miguel de Mayumo are impassable for wagons. The numerous rivers, most of them navi- gable for native boats, also facilitate the transportation of the products of the province. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The number of registered inhabitants of Bulacán is 239,221, almost wholly of the Tagalog race. The Tagalog language is universal, Spanish only being used in the channels of trade between natives and foreigners. The following is the division of Bulacán into pueblos and their population accord- ing to the official census of 1887: Total population combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 4, 108 8,563 4.691 Bulacán: Angat. Baliuag ... Barasoain Bigaa.. Bocaue Bulacan Bustos.. 3, 911 4,044 8,660 4,809 3,904 4,320 5, 946 3, 431 8,152 17, 223 9,500 7,815 8,600 11,891 6, 797 4,280 5, 945 3, 366 384 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Total population combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 5,839 2,538 Bulacán-Continued. Calumpit.... Guiguinto.... Hagonoy ....... Malolos... Marilao....... Meycauayan.. Norzagaray... Obando.... Paombong. Polo ............ Pulilan.......... Quingua... San Ildefonso.... San José.. San Miguel de Mayumo San Rafael Santa Isabel.. Santa Maria ... 5, 774 2,596 9,104 7,826 2, 344 4,610 3, 114 3,692 4,025 4,963 4,836 3, 632 3, 686 1. 422 9, 742 5,084 3,216 4,592 9, 396 7,880 2, 222 4, 646 2, 997 3,884 4, 152 5, 199 5,033 3,680 3,576 1, 338 9,655 5,065 3, 304 4,884 11, 613 5, 134 18,500 15, 706 4.566 9, 256 6,111 7,576 8,177 10, 162 9,869 7,312 7, 202 2,760 19, 397 10,149 6,520 9, 476 Total .. 119, 122 120, 342 239, 464 Census of 1896 complete Estimated 1901... 114, 962 239, 222 The pueblos number 25, villages 360, and hamlets 365. Of the first the following are the most important, the population in 1896 being given: Malolos, the provincial capital, a railroad, telegraph, and military station, sit- uated on a branch of the Pampanga Riv. at the head of the delta of that stream; 6 m. NW. of Bulacán, the former capital, and a point of considerable importance in the trade of the region. Pop., 14,599. Angat; on the l. bank of the Quingua Riv., about 25 m. above its junction with the Pampanga Riv. at Calumpit and 15 m. NE. of Malolos. It is one of the richest timber towns of the province. Mining is also carried on. Pop. of town, 8,050. Balíuag; on the r. bank of the Quingua Riv., about 22 m. above its junction with the Pampanga Grande, and 10 m. NNE. of Malolos. It is within 2 m. of the Pam- panga boundary and nearer the SE. margin of the Candaba swamp. It is one of the largest towns in the province and includes among its inhabitants a large number of very rich merchants and rice raisers. It is a market for all the surrounding country and is celebrated for the bamboo hats that are made there in great quantities. Pop., 14,122. Barasoáin; adjoining Malolos on the N. Pop., 9,675. Bigaá; 7 m. ESE. of Malolos. Pop., 8,120. Bocaue; 8 m. SE. of Malolos. Pop., 10,345. Bulacán; the former capital of the province, 7 m. SE. of Malolos. It stands in the center of one of the islands of the Pampanga delta, and is well built and laid out in wide streets. It has a monument to the Botanist Blanco. Pop., 13,386. Bustos; On the l. bank of the Quingua Riv., near the border of the swamp of Candaba, on the W. boundary, 11 m. NE, of Malolos. Pop., 7,025. Calumpit; 7 m. NW. of Malolos, at the outlet of the Quingua Riv. into the Pam- panga Grande, and also at the forks of two of the delta outlets of that stream. Pop., 15,072. Guiguinto; 2 m. W. of the Manila and Dagupan Railroad and 5 m. of Malolos. Pop., 5,515. Hagonoy; in the extreme SW. corner of the province, on the 1. bank of the W. branch of the Pampanga Grande Riv. at its division into the Nabao Grande and Chico outlets into Manila Bay, from which it is 3 m. inland. It is 7 m. SW of Malolos. Pop., 20,120. Marilao; on the Manila and Dagupan Railroad, on the l. bank of the E. outlet of the Pampanga Grande, 5 m. inland from Manila Bay and 10 m. SE. of Malolos. Pop., 5,075. Meycauayan; on the l. bank of the W. outlet of the Pampanga Riv., 13 m. SE. of Malolos. Pop., 8,119. Norzagaray; on the 1, bank of the Quingua Riv., about the center of the province and 16 m. NE. of Malolos. It is nearer the mountains than any other town in the province and has more resources. The timber is good, and can be cut and slid into the Quingua Riy, and floated without trouble to Manila. Gold has sometimes GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 385 been washed from the streams, and large nuggets have been brought from the mountains. On the 1. bank of the river is a rich rice country, and on the r. bank a fertile corn country. Quantities of iron are found in the mountains, and fruit grows abundantly. There is a splendid sulphur pool and spring near the town. Pop. of town, 5,305. Obando; on the 1. bank of the W. outlet of the Pampanga Riv., 3 m. above its outlet in Manila Bay, 13 m. SE. of Malolos. Pop., 7,948. Paombong; on the 1. bank of the central delta outlet of the Pampanga Grande, 2 m. W. of Malolos. Pop., 10,297. Polo; on the W. arm of the Pampanga Riv. 3 m. inland from the Bay of Manila, and 13 m. SE. of Malolos. The town of Obando adjoins it on the S. Pop., 7,945. Pulilan; on the r. bank of the Quingua, 5 m. above its junction with the Pam- panga Grande, and 5 m. NNE. of Malolos. Pop., 10,058. Quingua; on the l. bank of the river of same name, 7 m. above its mouth and 5 m. NE. of Malolos. The town is a health resort for the surrounding provinces on account of the crystal pure water. Pop., 8,854. San Ildefonso; near the W. boundary of the province, 2 m. E. of the swamp of Candaba, 17 m. NNE. of Malolos. It is situated on a high knoll above the surround- ing rice lands, and is celebrated for its healthy location. Pop., 6,601. San José; in the extreme SE. part of the province, at the head of a tributary of the Santa María; 15 m. ESE. of Malolos. It was destroyed by the Spanish during the war and went to the insurgents. What few people live in the town now are in temporary nipa houses. The land of the surrounding country is very rich. Pop., 2,397. San Miguel de Mayumo; on the r. bank of a stream which crosses the E. boundary 3 m. distant, emptying into the swamp of Candaba, and situated 23 m. NNE. of Malolos. Its inhabitants are rich, there being so many large rice growers living there. The land is very fertile and all cultivated. The San Miguel Riv. is navigable for bancas and was the means of commerce before the insurrection. It is also a commercial center. The mountains contain the finest timber in the world and easily gotten out. It is noted for its iron mines and the curative springs of Sibul, about 8 m. from San Miguel. It is also a fine cattle and fruit country, and the climate is especially healthy. It suffered greatly during the insurrection on account of its proximity to the mountains. Pop., 20,460. San Rafael; on the r. bank of the Quingua, 13 m. NE. of Malolos. The popula- tion is 8,469, consisting almost entirely of rice growers. Santa Isabel; pop., 8,125. Santa María de Pandi; on the r. bank of the Santa María Riv., 3 m. above its outlet, and 10 m. E. of Malolos. It was a beautiful and rich town, but the insurrec- tion almost wiped it out of existence. It was the military center for the insurrection- ists, and consequently was burned by the American troops. The town itself now consists of temporary nipa houses. It is a rich rice and fruit country. Its good roads and its proximity to Manila and the railroad makes the land very valuable. It also has river transportation. Pop., 10,508. the climat its proxither. bank entirely º VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The soil, kept in high cultivation, produces abundant crops of rice, corn, sugar indigo, beneseed, cacao, coffee, and vegetables in great variety. MINERALS. The province is abundantly supplied with magnetic ore, coal, copper, lead, and silver. In the beds of the rivers gold is found. There are also good quarries of slate and flint. In the town of Angat exist large quantities of iron ore, as yet undeveloped. FORESTS. The mountains are covered with valuable woods, among these sibucao, trees pro- ducing gum, also ginger; the tangantangan, from which oil for lamps is extracted; Balao, from which varnish is made, and large numbers of nipa palm, from which alcohol is manufactured. The castor bean is raised extensively. In the vicinity of Angat, the ebony, palotinto, sibucao, and other valuable woods for cabinet and build- ing purposes, and narra, the beautiful redwood used so extensively in native houses, and similar in appearance to mahogany, grow abundantly. S. Doc. 280— 25 386 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. FRUITS. Almost every variety of fruit, indigenous and exotic, is grown in Luzón, including the banana, the mabolo, the sapote, the santol, boboa, papaya (from this fruit pep- sin is extracted) of the two sexes, oranges, and lemons; also the nangca, which has the reputation of producing the largest fruit in the world, and chicos, mangas, pine- apples, and limes. INDUSTRIES. ufactured in have been awities of Europe at Baliuag, whkettles of ? Bulacán, in some lines, has world-wide renown. It is famous for its "piña” goods, manufactured in Hagonoy and Bulacán. It is here that the finest quality of petates de nito, which have been awarded premiums in international expositions and are celebrated in the principal cities of Europe, are manufactured. Reed hat making and silk weaving are carried on extensively at Baliuag, which is also cele- brated for its superior quality of petates. At Angat iron pots and kettles of native pattern are turned out in large quantities. Cotton cloth, sinamay, and other fabrics are also largely woven. large ned or quare UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. One of the earliest fields of military operations, after the occupation of Manila and the outbreak of the insurrection which followed, was Bulacán. After the depart- mental organization in May, 1900, Bulacan and Nueva Ecija became the resorts of numerous guerilla bands. Driven out of their mountain haunts, they sought refuge in the network of tide-water channels of the Pampanga delta, where they were finally overcome and dispersed. Since then the province has been quiet. On Feb- ruary 15, 1902, the following were the military stations in Bulacán: Angat, Bulacán, a Norzagaray, b San Miguel, b Baliuag, Calumpit, ac Malolos, a b Quingua, b Santa María. Magonoy, "Y stations in bas been" CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Bulacán was created under the provincial government act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the Philippine Commission, February 27, 1901, to include That territory in the island of Luzon known as the province of Bulacan.” PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor... $1,500 Secretary .... 1, 150 Treasurer.. 2, 100 Supervisor... 1, 700 Fiscal ...... 1, 300 Allowances for necessary and actual expenses, not exceeding $2 per day, as pre- scribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet and organ- ize on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October, to consider improve- ments needed in the province, and for other purposes prescribed by law. The provincial board has authority to unite with the board of Pampanga and Tárlac and with the manager of the Manila and Dagupan Railroad, in the employment of an engineer, to devise an economical plan for protecting the roads and agricultural land and towns of the three provinces and the road way and bridges of the said railroad from the destructive effect of floods in the Tárlac, Bambán, and Grande de la Pam- panga Riv., by means to be determined upon, the expenditures of the province on that account being limited to $1,000. Final action subject to the approval of the commission. CONDITIONS. The governor of Bulacán, a native, in his annual report dated at Malolos, Decem- ber 18, 1901, declares himself convinced of the gratitude and loyalty of the people to the Government of the United States, by the fact that scarcely a month had passed since the establishment of civil rule under the most liberal laws yet known a Telegraph. * Telephone. • Railroad station. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 387 in the country, when the most bitter of the revolutionary chiefs still in the moun- tains of Angat, Norzagaray, and San Miguel de Mayumo presented themselves before the authorities and took the oath of fealty and allegiance to American sov- ereignty. From that time the province of Bulacán has been enjoying an unbroken peace. Its inhabitants have been contented with the establishment of civil rule in the Philippines, and are doing all they can to strengthen that peace as a necessary basis for their happiness, thus showing their appreciation of the Government which now so wisely rules the destinies of this country. With regard to the march of administrative affairs in the province, it is in the highest degree satisfactory. Up to the present, in spite of the fact that this was the first province in the archipelago to be the seat of war, it has been able to meet its every need. The local governments organized under the new municipal code are being carried on with fair regularity, and the pueblos are extremely contented with the personality, liberty, and responsi- bility of their municipios, as in all democratic countries. In a letter of February 28, 1901, Governor Taft, to the Secretary of War, said: “Bulacán is one of the former Tagalog provinces, and a sister province of Cavite, in being the cradle of the two insurrections, and the people of the province have been harder to conciliate and stiffer to bend to the American rule than those of any other province, except Batangas and Cavite.” BULACÁN (boo-lah-cahn'), nat.; former capital of Bulacan, Luzón, on Pampanga delta, 15 m. NW. of Manila, at head of one of main out- lets of Grande de Pampanga Riv. It is well built, having town hall, church, 2,000 stone houses, and population of 13,186. It enjoys important inland trade by river, and is in di- rect communication with Manila Bay. In 1859, with the exception of church and few stone houses, town was destroyed by fire. - point on W. coast of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay. BULACAUE (boo-lah-cah'-way), ver.; point at ex- treme NE. projection of Panay, 21, m. due S. of extreme sw. point of Masbate I., 63 m. WNW. of N. point of Cebú, and 40 m. N. of most N. point on coast of Negros. Is formed of spur from Sibala, and sharp peak. Point itself is low, and terminates in sand spit with rocks at end. BÚLAC-BÚLAC (boo'-luck-boo'-luck), nat.; point and village in island of Burias, Visayas. BULACTÍN (boo-luck-tin'), ver.; point on SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 6 m. S. of San Joaquín. BÚLAG (boo'-lag), ver.; bay on SW. coast of Sor- sogon, Luzón, SE. of Angil Pt. - creek in Sorsogon, Luzon. hamlet in Ilocos Sur, Luzón, in pueblo of Bantay. BULAGAO (boo-lah-gow'), ver.; mountain in Ilocos Sur, Luzon, 3,629 ft., and landmark of Lapug Bay. . BULALÁCAO (boo-lah-lah'-cow), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. SW. of Igbarás. - pueblo on N. shore of Bulalácao Bay, SE. coast of Mindoro, 74, m. S. by E. of Calapán; 3 rivers enter bay near town. Pop., 516. - bay on SE. coast of Mindoro, between Pan- dán (NE.) and Buruncan (SW.) Pts., 104 m. SW. by W. It offers shelter to all sizes of ves- sels, except from S. winds. It shoals from 138 ft. at entrance, 72 ft. in middle, to 24 ft. near sand beach, where 3 rivers enter near village of same name. E. coast is covered with trees. On that side, in cove, Laurigan, there is shelter at 13 to 16 fms. from all winds. - crater in Leyte, 2 m. SE. of Leyte. narrow crescent-shaped island, 2 m. be- tween points, most E. of cluster, 44 m. E. of Calamián I. of Calamianes grp. - point on E. shore of strait of Tañón, W. coast of Cebú, 3 m. N. of Alegría. BULALAN (boo-lah'-lahn), nat.: point on ex- treme S. coast of Negros Oriental, E. of Bom- bonon Pt. Lat. 9° 6' N. BULALAQUE (boo-lah-lah'-kay), nat.; point on NW. coast of Cebu. Lat. 10° 59' N. BULALAQUI (boo-lah-lah-key), nat,; extreme N. point of Cebú, 29 m. S. of Cadunuan, extreme S. point of Masbate I., Visayas. BULALÚAN (boo-lah-loo'-ahn), ver.; point on S. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, and N. headland at W. head of entrance to Sarangani Bay. BULAN (bool-lahn), nat.; islet 74 m. N. of Úbay, NE. coast of Bohol I., Visayas. - hamlet in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Lu- zón, in pueblo of Lupi. - formerly Gata; pueblo in Sorsogon, Luzon, on shore of San Bernardino Strait and 1. bank and mouth of river of that name which de- bouches at Bulak Pt. Coasting steamers call here. Pop., 11,000. - one of larger of Samales I., 1,184 ft. high, closely adjoining Bukutúa I. on NW. in Ba- languingui grp., Sulu A. BULANAKAN (boo-lah-nah'-cahn), ver,; hamlet on Grande Riv. of Mindanao, 19. m. SE. of Cotabato, Mindanao. BULANASA (boo-lah-nah'-sah), nat.; river enter- ing on N. shore of Basilan I., S. of Zambo- anga, Mindanao. Laminigan I. lies about 2 m. N. of mouth of river. BULANÉN (boo-lah-nayn'), ver.; hamlet of Pan- gasinan, on l. bank of Dagupan Riv. at cross- ing of highway, 17 m. E. of Lingayen. BULANG (boo-lung'), nat.; small system of moun- tains in S. part of Luzón, in which is famous volcano of Albay, or Mayón. BULANGOLAN, or BALANGONAN (boo-lang-aw'. lahn, bah-lang-oh-nahn), ver.; point on N. side of opening of Port Santa María, Zambo- anga, Mindanao. BULANGSÍ (boo-lang-see'), ver.; point in Sulu I., Sulu A. BULANJAO (boo-lahn-how'), ver.; important red- dish range of hills attaining elevations of 3,500 ft. E. of Canipan Hill and nearly in center of SW. Palawan, which is here about 13 m. from coast to coast. Most conspicuous peak is Low- hock or Low Sharp Bulanjao. BULANJAO, CORDILLERA DE (boo-lahn-how', cor-dee-lyay'-rah day) S. end of central range of S. Palawan, beginning inland from Buli- luyan Cape at S. extreme of island and trend- ing NE. as far as Gantung Mt., S. of Calasian hamlet, 52 m. BULAO (boo-lah'-00), yer.; mountain in Coast Range, Leyte, 4 m. NE. of San Isidro. hamlet in Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 12 m. S. of Carlés. -- hamlet 10 m. E, of Gándara in central Sámar, 388 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BULAON (boo-lah-ohn), nat.; river rising in BULÚAN; town on r. shore of outlet of lake of Nueva Ecija, Luzón, and, taking SW. course, that name in SE. Cotabato, Mindanao. enters Pampanga, receives number of tribu- - small island surrounded by rocks in NW. taries in its course with Tartaro River, and waters of Sibuguey Bay, in Zamboanga, later receiving name San Miguel. Mindanao. BULASA (boo-lah'-sah), ver.; hamlet on E. coast - river in Mindanao. (See Agusan.) of Cebú, 3 m. S. of Sibonga. BULUANGAN (boo-loo-ang'-ahn), ver.; mountain BULAUA (boo-lah'-00-ah), ver.; point on NW. ex- and camp (sitio), former 3 m. inland and treme of Linapacan I. and NE, headland of latter on N. shore of Santa Ana port, W. coast Lina pacan Bay, off NE. extreme of Palawan. of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay. BULAYAN (boo-lah'-yun), nat.; one of central | BULUBADIÁN (boo-loo-bah-deeahn'), nat.; islet mountains of N. Luzon, at entrance to valley off Estancia, NE. coast of Iloilo, Panay. of Quiangan. BULUBADIANGÁN (boo-loo-bah-dee-ang-ahn'), BULBULARÁ (bool-boo-lah-rah'), nat.; hamlet in ver.; triangular island 2 by 2 m. 3 m. E. of Ilocos Sur, Luzón. Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, and 2 m. SSE. of BULI (bool-lee), nat.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón. point of Pan de Azúcar. BULICUTÍN (boo-lee-coo-tin'), ver.; island off N. BULUBUTU (boo-loo-boo-too'), nat.; point in shore of Sulu I., Sulu A., 21 m. E. by S. of Zambales, Luzón. Tulayan I. Town of Carancaran lies to E. on BULULANAN (boo-loo-lah'-nun), ver.; mountain mainland. in Mindanao. BULIHAN (boo-lee-hahn), Tag.; hamlet in Bula- | BULURAN (boo-loo'-run), ver.; active volcano in cán, Luzon, 6 m. N. of Bulacán. Mindanao. BULILUYAN (boo-lee-loo'-yahn), ver.; cape at BULUSAN (boo-loo'-sun), nat.; point on E. shore extreme s. end of Palawan, low shelving point fronted by mangroves. Island of Ca- nao, on approach to mouth of Mindanao meran of Balábac grp. lies 3 m. to SW., and Riy. Great tripod and white cage stand on Pandanan, which overlaps SE. coast of Pal- point of that river. awan, lies 21 m. SE. Entire Balábac grp. -- mountain in pueblo of San Nicolás, Cebú. stretches to S. toward Borneo. - pueblo in SE. Sorsogon, Luzón, 19 m. SSE. BULIPONGPONG, BOLIPONGPONG, or LUGUS of Sorsogon and 10 m. N. of Pandán Pt., on r. (boo-lee-pong-pong', boh-lee-pong-pong', loo'- bank of river which takes its rise in E. goose), ver.; second largest island, 6 by 31 m. slopes of Bulusan Volcano (q. v.). Pop., 5,230. Tapul grp., Sulu A. It is very fertile and well cultivated, 8 m. S. of Cabalian Pt., Sulu I. - hamlet at foot of E. siope of volcano of that name, Sorsogon, Luzón, in grove of cocoa BULITALUN (boo-lee-tah'-loon), nat.; point on trees. extreme W. islet off Balanguingui I. and grp., Sulu A. - point on S. shore of entrance to S. arm BULITON (boo-lee'-ton), nat.; islet off SE. coast of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- danao. of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. - active volcano, 5 m.inland from SE. coast BULLOC (boo-lyock'), ver.; river in N. Luzón. of Sorsogón, Luzón, in lat. 12° 46' 40" N., lon. BULO (bool-loh), nat.; river of Pampanga, Luzón, 124° 2' E. from Greenwich, visible 60 m. at sea, rising within limits of Nueva Ecija, across and one of landmarks of San Bernardino which it flows, receiving Capalangan, and Strait. Seen from E, it appears to be single later unites with the San Miguel peak, which is crater of volcano, and which BULOAN (boo-loh'-ahn), nat.; lake in central appears to have an altitude equal to that of Mindanao (lat. 6°) surrounded by moun Mayón as seen from NW. Seen from SSW. it tains. (See Buluan.) seems to have 2 peaks, and very much resem- BULOC (boo-lock'), nat.; hamlet in Benguet, bles Vesuvius. It is almost extinct, but at times emits abundance of watery vapor and sulphurous fumes. Large quantities of pum- BULOD (boo-lod), ver.: mountain in Cápiz, Pa ice are found in deep ravine in vicinity. nay, 6 m. SW. of Tapas. After having been at rest for some years, BULON (boo-lone). ver.; hamletin Iloilo, Panay, Bulusan broke forth again in 1852. 13 m. N. of Pavia. - district in SE. part of Albay, Luzón. BULONG (boo-long'), hamlet on S. coast of Iloilo, BULUTAKAI (boo-loo-tah'-ki), ver.; peak in Apo Panay, 5 m. NE. of Tigbauan. Range, 13 m. S. of Apo Volcano, Davao, BULOT (boo-loht'), nat.: point on SE. shore of Mindanao. Panguil Bay, Misamis, Mindanao. BULUTÚAN (boo-loo-too'-ahn), ver.; point in S. - river entering Panguil Bay, SE. shore, at Mindanao. point of that name, Misamis, Mindanao. BUMANAN (boo-mah'-nahn), ver.; town at june- BULUÁ (boo-lwah') nat.; hamlet in Ambos Cam tion of tributary paralleling Linao Lake, and arines (Sur), in pueblo of Bató, on SW. shore entering Dagun Lake on NE shore, 52 m. S. by E. of Butúan, and pueblo of Surigao, Min- BULUAGAN, or SANTA ANA (boo-lwah'-gun, danao. Pop., 1887, 585. sahn'-tah ah'-nah), nat; point on W. coast of BUMBUNG (boom-boong'), nat.; one of SW. Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay. islands of Cagayanes grp., Sulu Sea, off SW. -- river of Mindoro which rises in hills in coast of Negros Occidental. center of island takes NW. course and BUMICAN (boo-meer-cun), ver.; mountain in Bo- empties into sea at lat. 15° 17' 30" N. hol, Visayas. BULUAN (boo-loo'-ahn), ver.; lake 12 m. N. and BUMÚCUM (boo-moo'.coom), ver.; region in S. and 9. m. E. and W., in SE. Cotabato, Min- Lepanto, Luzón, abounding in copper. danao. This body of water receives drainage of encircling range, which begins at Cabalata Caraballos Occidentales, in Abra, Luzón. coast 8 m. SW. of Cotabato and sweeps sack- | BUMURAYAN (boo-moo-rah'-yahn), ver.; moun- like SE. and NE, taking in Dikalungan Mt. and summits terminating in Apo Volcano, of boundary between Cagayán, E., and Abra, 10,312 ft. high, inland from E. coast 13 m. W. W., Luzón. of S. of Lapados Pt., on Davao Gulf. Depth BUNALACAN (boo-nah-lah'-cahn), nat.; bend in ranges from 10 to 21 ft. Grande Riv. of Mindanao, at Liong, Cotabato, bay on E. coast of Palawan, N. of Taytay. Mindanao. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 389 BUNAUAN (boo-nah-wahn), ver. ; summit 787 ft. BUNOT (boo-naught'), nat.; point on N. coast of high, on r. bank of Agusan Riv., opposite town Samar, Visayas, W. of Mondragón. of same name, in Surigao, Mindanao. - point on E. side of port of that name on - hamlet on 1. bank of Agusan Riv., opposite extreme S. coast of Albay, Luzón. (Also Tag- mountain of same name, in Surigao, Minda- irang) nao, 53 m. SE. by S. of Butúan, at mouth of - small port E. of Langas Pt, and outlet of that stream. river entering from between 2 high moun- - river in Mindanao. tains on S. coast of Albay, Luzón. - village E. of Cujao Pt., S. of Catbalogan, BUNOT PASIL (boo-naught' pah-sill'), nat.: one W. coast of Sámar. of Balanguingui grp., Sulu A., W. of name BUN-BÚN (boon-boon”), ver.; town on NE. shore island. of Sulu I., Sulu A, opposite island of Bancung- BUNTOOLAN (boon-toh-oh-lahn) nat.; hamlet an, which forms shelter for vessels from NE. of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, in pueblo of Pidig. winds; lies 113 m. E. of Sulu. To SW. 44 m. rises one of loftiest peaks of island, 2,766 ft. | BUNTUÁ (boon-too-ah'), ver.; hamlet in Central Small island of Pangana lies to E. Sámar, 7 m. SE. of San Sebastián. BUNCAGAN (boon-cah'-gahn); bay on W. shore BUNWUT (boo-noot'), nat.; island in small bay on of bight on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. NE. E. shore of Illana Bay, between Bongo I. and of Pontevedra. mainland. BUNCALÓN (boon-cah-lone'), ver.; point in Am BUOL, or BOAL (boo-all', bow-ahl'), ver.; town on bos Camarines (Norte). N. side of Sulu I., Sulu A., near Dalrymple Har- BUNDÁGOT (boon-dah'-got), ver.; hamlet in bor. In 1872 it was partially destroyed by the Pampanga, Luzón, 15. m. N. of Bacolor. Spaniards. From this point Sulu coast trends ESE., forming deep bight S. of Tulián, then BUNDAYON (boon-dah'-yohn), nat; point on SW. ENE. to Petley Pt., S. of which is large village coast of Ticao In, Visayas, lat. 120 23' 20" N. of Carang Carang. BUNENG (boo-neng') nat.; hamlet of Ilocos Sur, Luzón, in pueblo of Magsingal. BUPSAPA (boop-sah'-pah), ver.; hamlet in moun- tains of central Basilan, 8 m. SSE. of Isabela, BUNGA (boong'-ah), nat.; point 10. m. S. of Pusan Pt., on E. coast of Mindanao. It is first point BÚQUID (bool-kid), nat.; hamlet of Ilocos Sur, which is not mountainous met on sailing N. Luzón, in pueblo of Bantay. from Cape San Agustín. There is bay S. of BURÁ (boo-rah'), ver.; point in E. Sámar. point on shore of which stands village of Manay. Little fort is surrounded by cogonals BURAAN (boo-rah'-ahn), nat.; bay of Ilocos of red color. Norte, Luzon, formed in mouth of Balbalon - hamlet on W. coast of Sámar, 4 m. SE. of Riv. Tarangnan. BURÁBOT (boo-rah'-bot), ver.; hamlet on N. coast -point 2 m. S. of Silangan Pt., on SW. coast of Sámar, 4 m. SW. of Lagúan. of Sulu I., Sulu A. BURAC (boo-rac'), ver.; point and extinct vol- - town on W. coast of Sámar, in NE. angle cano in extreme SE. Sámar, 6 m. NW. of Sal. of bight N. of Mancaris Pt.; Canaguallón Is. cedo. lie off town. BURACAN (boo-rah'-cahn), nat.; lake of Pam- - point on S. shore of Ylín I., off SW. coast of panga, Luzón, in pueblo of Arayat. It is Mindoro, lat. 12° 08' 30" N. formed by drainage of mountain after which BUÑGAAN (boong-ah-ahn), ver.; coast hamlet pueblo takes its name. on E. side of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 50 m. NE. of Zamboanga. The island of Tigbaon BURACAY (boo-rah-ki'); town on SE, shore of lies opposite. island of that name, ofl extreme NW. point (Tabún) of Cápiz, Panay. BUNGABIN (boon-gah'-bin), ver.; hamlet of Ne- gros Occidental on r. bank of Binalbagan - island 2 m. NW.of Potol and same distance Riv., 5 m. NE. of town of that name. W. of Tabún Pts., Panay I., and extends 4 m. NW. Summit is 436 ft. high and shore safe. BUNGADON (boong-ah'-dawn); mountain in E. Channel between it and Potol Pt., mainland Mindanao. of Panay, is clear. BUNGALON (boong-ah-lone), nat; point in NE. part of Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón, in BURANCÁN (boo-run-cahn'), nat.; point on ex- treme S. end of Mindoro. Bulalácao Bay spur of Sierra Bagacay. opens to NE. and Pandarochan Bay to W. BUNG-BUNG (boong-boong') ver.; hamlet in E. Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 31 m. NW. of San BURANG (boo-rung'), nat.; bay on N. coast of Dionisio. Ilocos Norte, Luzón, formed in outlet of river BUNGBUÑGAYAN (boong-boong-ah'-yahn), ver.; which fiows across pueblo of Nagpartian, in mountain in Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. SE. of Balete. lat. 18° 34' N., lying on Sw. within point of BUNGCANÁUAY (boong-cah-now'-i), ver.; point Savit. in SW. Masbate, Visayas. BÚRAO, or CÚRÃO (boo'-rah-oo, cool-rah-oo), ver.; BUNGLÁS (boon-glass'), ver.; river in Negros I. mountain forming divide between headwa- ters of Ulutand Matinao Riv., in central - river in Panay I. Sámar. BUNGUIAO (boon-gee-ah'-oh), ver.; mountain in BURAUEN (boo-rah'-wen), ver.; pueblo in Leyte, NW. Luzon. on N. branch of Dao Riv., 20 m. SSW.of Taclo- BUNGUL (boong-ool'), nat.; point off W. coast of ban, and connected by road with Dagami, Daram I., N. of entrance to bay of same On S. rise Manacagan Mts., on farther slope of name off W. coast of Sámar. which are important sulphur deposits. In -- small bay on NW. shore of Daram I., S. of vicinity is also basin 25 ft. broad. From cavern Bungul Pt., off W. coast of Sámar. in white decomposed rock petrifying water - point 5 m. SE. by E. of Caramaan Pt., on containing silicious acid flows abundantly. E. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. Roof of cavern is hung with stalactites which are either covered with sulphur or consist BUNOG BATÓ (boo-nohg' bah-toh'), nat.; point entirely of that substance. Pop., 21,290. on SW. of Bugnai Bay, NW. coast of Carogo or Puro I., Nin Bay, Sw. coast of Masbate, BURAYOT (boo-rah-yot), ver.: point on NW. Visayas. shore of Ilocos Norte, Luzón. BUNOP (boo-nop'), ver.; point on coast of Zam- BURENGO (boo-rayn'-gaw), ver.; hamlet in N. bales, Luzon, s. head of Dasol Bay. Sámar, on river 8 m. inland from Lagúan. 390 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BURGOS (boor-gause), Sp.; hamlet on main road in Rizal, Luzón, 15 m. NE. of Manila. BURGOs, or CALAG-CALAG (boor'-gause, cah- lahg'-cah-lahg'); hamlet of Negros Oriental, 31 m. S. of Ayungos, E. coast. BURGOS, SANTO CRISTO DE (boor'-gause, sun'. toh crees'-toh day), Sp.; village in pueblo of Sinait, Ilocos Sur, Luzon, and seat of ancient sanctuary. BURÍ (boo-ree'), nat.; hamlet in Leyte, on road between Dagami and Burauen, 2 m, N. of latter place. BURÍ; point on E. shore of Ragay Bay, Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. Sharp peaked rock lies off point. point in S. Batangas, Luzón. - point in SE. shore of Corregidor I., entrance to Manila Bay. - island off W. coast of Sámar, 4 m. NW. of Catbalogan. - village on extreme S. point of Buri I., op- posite Anas Pt., W. coast of Sámar, N. of Cat- balogan. BURIAS ISLAND, VISAYAS. (Boo'-ree-ass, nat.) One of the constituent islands of the province of Masbate. Capital: Masbate, island of Masbate. Chief town, San Pascual, Burias I., lat. 13° 77 307 N., lon. 122° 1' E., approximately. Area: mainland, 258 sq. m.; dependent islands, 10 sq. m. Total, 268. Population: 1,703. Language: Visayan. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. m . Table of distances. From San Pascual to Manila, via Verde Passage... Masbate, Masbate I., SE Pasacao, sw. coast Ambos Camarines, Luzón, N. by E. across entrance to Ragay Gulf ...... 248 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The island of Burias, on the N. side of the steamer channel, between San Bernar- dino Strait and Verde Passage to Manila, is narrow and long, extending from NW. to SE., and situated in the strait which separates Masbate, 9 m. S., from Albay, Luzón, 8 m. N. To the N. opens the bay of Ragay, with the shores of Ambos Camarines 23 m. to the NE., and Arena Pt. on the peninsular of Tayabas, Luzón, 17 m. to the NW., and to the extreme NW. end of Ticao, 14 m. E. by S. AREA. It is the most N. of the large islands of the Visayan province of Masbate, 43 m. NW. to SE., 11 m. E. and W., and embraces an area, mainland, 258 sq. m., 165,120 acres. Dependent islands, 10 sq. m. Total, 268, or 171,200 acres. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The interior is mountainous and craggy, and from the center rises Mt. Engañoso. A mountain range traverses the island from NW. to SE. Toward the SW. is the little island of Gorrión, which seems to be a continuation of this mountain range. On the NE. and W. coasts are level lands under cultivation. A summit 852 ft. high overlooks the extreme S. point, and is an important mark for navigators clearing the N. point of Ticao I. approaching San Bernardino Strait. There are no rivers in Burias, the beds of the streams simply serving as drainage for the highlands during the rainy season. The same may be said of Ticao. RIVERS AND HARBORS. On the N. coast is the bay of Busín or San Pascual, which affords shelter to vessels entering or leaving the Gulf of Ragay, in Luzon. On the NE. coast Busainga also offers shelter for vessels leaving San Bernardino Strait for Verde passage, and on the W. coast is Alimango to the S. of Cueva Pt. LIGHTS. Busín islet, W. entrance to port Busín, lat. 13° 08' N., lon. 132° 58' E., visible 23 m. A fixed white light is shown on the Molehead. Busainga port, Piedras Pt., lat. 13° 07' 30' N., lon. 123° 03' E., one F. The light marks entrance to harbor. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS BURIAS ISLAND PORT BUSIN Colorada. Parti Taght find white ponto 31 From a Spanish survey in 1832 Fort San Pascual, Lat. 13° 08' (30/1. Loog. 122 58 (25") E Medical Mile 15 9 2 68 115 121 I SL (BUS INI Port San Pascual 59 The 65 by Thest fixed white tposition uncertain 533 76 BURIA IS : S Doc 2 S7 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 391 Colorado Pt., lat. 13° 09/40' N., lon. 123° 04' 04" E. Engaño mouth near the SE. point of the island. one Fl. The light marks the entrance to the harbor. Malaquing-Ilog, one F. blue. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. Land travel is by mountain trails. The chief means of transportation is by coast- ing craft. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The inhabitants are Bicol, Tagalog, and Visayan, and speak those languages. San Pascual, on the NW. extremity, is the chief town. It has a port fronting the little island Busín, and is surrounded by a multitude of islands and shoals, forming narrow channels. It has, together with the village of Clavería, a population of 1,690; these with the few others in the five little villages not far distant, constitute the total population, 1,703, estimated. Bulacbulac lies on the S. shore of a small bay on the E. coast. At the beginning of the nineteenth century the island was inhabited by Moros. The total population, combining residents present and absent, native and Spanish, 1887, was: San Pascual (pueblo), men, 879; women, 811: total, 1,690. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. (Where not mentioned the area is less than 1 sq. m.) With the exception of Gorrión, off the SW., the coasts of Burias are free from danger, except on the NW. in the channel entering Ragay Gulf, as follows: sq.m. Ánima Sola, NE.... Arena, NW..... Basin (Busin). NW. Gorrión, SW.. Inaguaran, NW.. Inaguaran Grande, NW Sombrero, 2 islets Tanguingui ..... Templo ..... Tinalisayan, 2 islets .. 12 islands, total area ........ VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The island produces tobacco in small quantities. Also hemp, sugar cane, chocolate, rice, and cocoanuts. MINERALS. No mineral deposits in commercial quantities have been reported. FORESTS. This island is covered with extensive forests of fine building woods, but, owing to the difficulties of transportation to the coast, are not worked. INDUSTRIES. The manufacture of bayones, sugar sacks of burí, a palm abundant in the forests and which gives the island its name, raising live stock which is exported to Manila, and fishing are the chief industries of the inhabitants. MILITARY OCCUPATION AND CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The island is in the local military jurisdiction of Masbate, and in civil government belongs to the same province. (See Masbate.) 392 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BURIAS (boo'-ree-as); hamlet in Cápiz, N. Panay, | BUSBÚS; river in Siasi I., Sulu A., midway be- 4 m. NW. of Mambusao. tween Tolen Pt. and town of Siasi. - town on island of same name. (See Burias BUSH, for.; point on N. shore of Puerto Princesa Province, Masbate group, Visayas.) Harbor (Port Royalist), E. coast of Palawan. BURICS (boo-ricks'), nat.; village in Abra, Luzón, - islet near shore of Deep Bay, N. of Man- in mountains of Cordillera del Norte which grove Inlet, E. coast of Palawan. extend into Ilocos Sur. It is inhabited by a - island in Taytay Bay, off E. coast of Pala- number of wild tribes. wan. BURIJAN (boo-ree'-hahn), Tag.; creek in Verde I., on trans-archipelago steamer route by BUSIAD (boo-see-ad'), ver.; stream in Negros passage of that name between Batangas, Lu Occidental, entering Guimarás Strait 2) W. zón, N., and Mindoro, S. of Isid. BURIL (boo-reel'). Sp.: islet in Bay of Aqui, 5 m. | BUSÍLAC (boo-see-luck), nat.; river in pueblo of S. of that town, Concepción, Iloilo, Panay. Bangar, Unión, Luzón, rising in NW. of pueblo - hamlet on SE. shore of Sibuco Bay, W.coast across which it flows, empties into sea. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. BUSIN (boo-seen'), ver.; port on NW. end of Bu- - point 4 m. S. of Batu Tandok Pt., W. coast rias I., 19 m. SE. from Arena Pt., Tayabas, of Zamboanga, Mindanao, forming s. head Luzón, across W. entrance to Ragay Gulf, land of Sibuco Bay. Hamlet of Buril lies on Luzón. Port is formed by channel 31 m. long SE. shore of bay. and 1,080 ft. wide, which separates Busín from BURINTÁN, or SOUTH (boo-reen-tahn'), nat.; Burias I. (See San Pascual.) point on extreme S. coast of Mindoro. (See - island 2, by 1 m. in area, off NW. shore of Buruncán Pt.) Burias I., and forms with that island a shel- BURNANGAN (boor-nang'-ahn), ver.; small river tered anchorage. on W. shore of Sámar, emptying into sea BUSLUC (boos-look'), ver.; point im. W. by S. of channel N. of Moropora Pt. Luangat Pt., Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. BURNAY (boor-ni'), ver.; mountain landmark of It is formed of huge rocks separated from intersection of boundary between Ilocos mountain inland. Norte and Sur from SW. and N. and S. line of boundary between those provinces on W. and BUSTOS (boos'-tos), Sp.; important road center Cagayán. At this point sw. wing of Gran in Bulacán, Luzón, 12 m. N. of Bulacán. Pop., Cordillera Central leaves main range. It is 7,025. 1,913 ft. high. BUSUANGA (boo-soo-ang'-ah), ver.; largest BÚROC-BÚROC (bool-rock-boo'-rock), ver.; ham- island of Calamianes grp.; is 37 m. from let on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 3 m. N. of NW. to SE., and its S. end 25 m. E. and W.; San Pedro. area, 338 sq. m., approximately. Forms SW. BURUANGA (boo-roo-ahn-gah), ver.; river and land along Mindoro Strait, coast of Mindoro pueblo at its mouth in Cápiz, Panay, extreme lying 92 m. E. by N. off Coconongón Pt., and NW. coast, 62 m. NW. of Cápiz. Pop., 3,967. is surrounded by number of small islands, besides Peñón de Coron and Calamián, of - pueblo in Cápiz, Panay. some size, on S.; coast line is irregular and BURUHAN (boo-roof-hahn), nat.; river in Sámar. presents some deep bays; island which fronts rising in lat. 11° 39' 40" N., flows W. to E.; its NE. side forms W. side of Apo W. Pass or empties into sea on E. coast at Borongan. Northumberland Strait, W. channel of Min- BÚRUL (bool-rool), Tag.; hamlet in Bulacan, doro Strait. Coast of Busuanga is encircled Luzón, 31 m. N. of Bulacán. by range of crests having average height of 1,200 ft.; most conspicuous seen from N. is a BURUMBAN (boo-room-bahn'), ver.; river in 3-headed peak, 1,880 ft. high; Mount Tunda- Sámar, empties into Borongan Bay, near town lara, lat. 12° 6' N., lon. 120° 16' E., to the S., of that name. is 2,152 ft. high. Over Coconongón Pt. is a BURUNCAN (boo-roon'-cahn), ver.; S. point of cone 1,300 ft. high, and Culion Peak in SW. Mindoro, forming dividing headland between part of island; N. end for distance of 6 m. S. is Bulalácao Bay on E. and Pandarochan on low. (Also Busuagan.) W., 83, m. S. by E. of Calapan, on N. coast. - point on SW. coast of Mindoro, at town of It is free from danger and can be passed that name. close to. town, and river entering sea 2 m. NW. by BURUNGBURUGAN (boo-roong-boo-rood-gahn), N. of town, on W. coast of Mindoro. ver.; mountain in Sámar. - town at mouth of river emptying into bay - island off Sámar. on NW. coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes BURUNGBURUNGAN (boo - roong-boo-roong'- grp., opposite Talampulan I., 33 m. NNW. af ahn), ver.; mountain S. of forks of Matinao Corón. Riv., 9 m. NE. of Paranas, on W. coast of Sámar. BUSU BUSUG (boo-soo-boo-soog'), ver.; hamlet 7 m. NW. of Cape San Agustín, extreme S. point BURUTAN (bo-roof-tahn); island of Visayas grp. of SE. peninsula of Mindanao, and 61 m. SSE. BURY (boo-ree'), ver.; point in Masbate, Visayas. of Davao across Dávao Gulf. BUSAC (boo-sack'); hamlet in Bohol, Visayas, 43 BUTA (boo'-tah), ver.; mountain 3 m. E. by N. of m. sw. of Sierra Bullones. Dumangue, near W. coast of Cebu. -- hamlet in pueblo of San Nicolás, Cebú. BÚTAG (boo-tag), ver.; bay 1 m. wide and 1 m. BUSAINGA PORT (boo-sing'-ah), ver.; inlet 1 m. to NE., E. of Angas Pt., on extreme SW. coast by 1 cable (720 ft.), sheltered from wind and of Albay, Luzón. sea, on NE. coast of Burias I., Luzón. Between BUTAGAO (boo-tah-gah'-00), nat., one of promi. ports Busín and Busainga, 37 m. SE., coast nent elevations of Gran Cordillera de los forms bay, also bay 5 m, long SE. by S. of Port Caraballos Orientales, in central Abra, Luzón, Busainga on E. coast. BUTAGBALAG (boo-tug-bah-lug'), nat.; river of BUSAINGAN (boo-sing-ahn), ver.; hamlet on ex Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón, rising in treme E. shore of Albay, Luzón, 43 m. SE. of Cordilleras which form N. part of province; Albay. after circuitous course empties into Papalonga BÚSAY (bool-sī), ver.; mountain in Leyte, 24 m. River SE. of Babatugon. BUTAIRA (boo-til-rah), ver.; inlet in Sámar. BUSBÚS (boos-boos'), nat.; point on the NW. I BUTALONG (boo-tah-long'), ver.; hamlet of Ca- shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. gayán, Luzón, between Grande and Chico de - point S. of Tolen Pt., Tapul I., Sulu A. Cagayán Riv. Port Dipulo Dilan HARBORS tilul 21 SOUTH SIDE OR BUSUANGA ISLAND Me Tandales. lat. baze **Long, 1200 MB Port Layukan lo Jo UN PD PORT 10 US ON 16 Wak 14 String Mangle ondo claro Fondos Belale N 0 BIATO CU8) € Sant war THE NORS PETERS CO PHOTO S Doc a 80.57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 393 42410 Blue Light F Piedras P. 8 o f 9 9 98 533 5443 24 of Port Med 9.35, 4stero P αντησε ο Σε Busanga Medio P Restinga A. Burias I.N.E. 41 PORT BUSAINGA From a Spanish Survey 1841 Boca Islands (130. 7:40*N. 1128.2.45E.) apr High Water F.&.C.XII 30m Tides rise 6 feet. approx 10 Cables Sea Mile 394 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BUTANAN (boo-tah'-nun), nat.; point on extreme | BUTUAN-Continued. SE. shore of Calagnán I., off NE. coast of trance to bay had forts upon them. Island Iloilo, Panay. 40 ft. high with trees divides mouth of river BÚTAO (boo'-tah-oo), ver.; Luzón. (See Abra into 2 channels, navigable channel shifting according to freshets and carrying from 12 to Riv.) 15 ft. at high tide. Strong current during BUTGÁS (boot-gas'), ver.; hamlet on coast of rainy season brings down large trunks of trees peninsula of Mindanao, Davao, 76 m. S. of of valuable wood, showing productions of in- Dávao. terior. Butúan, chief town of district, is on BUTIANG (boo-tee-ang'), ver.; islet 3 m. W. of its l. bank at head of delta. Tubigón, W. coast of Bohol, Visayas. BUTUCÁN (boo-too-cahn'), Tag.; waterfall be- BUTÍBUY (boo-teel-booy), nat.; creek emptying tween Mauban and Lucbán, Tayabas, Luzón, on l. bank of N. arm of Grande Riv. of Min off high road. It consists of strong volume danao, Cotabato, Mindanao, above Cotabato. of water between 2 rocky banks covered with BUTIG HÚHIG (boo-teeg-hoo-hig), ver.; tributary vegetation, and leaps from ledge of volcanic of Tabaren Riv., Ambos Camarines (Norte), rocks into ravine 360 ft. deep, stream reaching Luzón. solid lava, plunges into deep chasm which it has worked in course of ages. BUTIGUE (boo-tee'gay), ver.; hamlet of Isabela, Luzon, 6 m. W. of Grande de Cagayán Riv. BUTULAKE (boo-too-lah'-kay), nat.; cove on SW. coast of Davao, Mindanao, between Cape Sa- BUTILAN (boo-teel-lahn), nat.; stream entering rangani and Tampal Pt. It is safe anchor- on l. bank of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cota- age, with 21 to 65 fms., in NE. monsoon. bato, Mindanao, below Liguasan Lagoon. Fresh water is to be had. BUTILAO (boo-tee-lah'-00), Tag.; town in Bataan, BUTULAN (boo-too'-lahn), ver.; anchorage out Luzón. of swell of sea between Guay and Baños - peak 4,414 ft. high in Mariveles range, Ba Pts., SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. Mountain toán, Luzón. range of same name lies inland. BUTÍN (boo-tin'), Tag.; hamlet in central Cavite, - extinct volcano in S. Mindanao. Luzon, 23 m. SW. of Cavite. - range of mountains paralleling E. coast of BUTIRA (boo-teel-rah), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Dávao, Mindanao, from s. shore of Casilaran Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, Luzon. Bay to Tinaka, extreme S. point of Mindanao, BUTIRAN (boo-teel-run), nat.: stream which rises distance of 70 m., and maintaining general in Mandaui Lagoon and empties into headwa- trend of coast from 6 to 7 m. inland. Saddle ters of Calayan tributary of S. arm of Grande Peak near S. end is 3,600 ft. high. Another Riv. of Mindanao, in Cotabato, Mindanao. summit about distance is 4,520 ft.; entire series of crests do not fall much below this BUTLOT (boot-lot'), ver.; mountain in Cordi- elevation. llera Central of Cebú, 6 m. SE. of Mualbual. - volcanic mountain N. of Panguián Pt., in BUTNAG (boot-nahg'); town in Sorsogón, Luzón. S. part of Dávao, Mindanao. BUTOG (boo-tog'), nat.; river of Abra, Luzón, BUYA (boo'-yah), ver.; hamlet 1 m. E. of Pucie which rises in mountains in central part of Pt., Antique, NW. coast of Panay and w. province; empties into Yemin, which flows hamlet on island, 18 m. W. of Pandán. into Abra. BUYABAT (boo-yah-but'), ver.; town in Isabela, BUTTON, for.; islet off Relief Pt., E. coast of Luzon. Palawan. BUYACAN (boo-yah'-cahn), ver.; river on W. BUTUAN (boo-tool-ahn), ver.; hamlet on E. coast coast of Cebú, entering Strait of Tañón at of Ilana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao, 22, m. Guianon Pt. NNW. of Cotabato. BUYALLAO (boo-ya-lyah'-00); islet, 11 m. NW. - river on NW. coast of Negros Occidental. and SE., densely wooded, 1 m. NE. by N. of (See Malugo.) point of same name on SE. coast of Mindoro. 2 sharp-pointed rocks are at its NE. end. - pueblo on l. bank of river of same name in Surigao, Mindanao, 21 m. above its mouth - point of peaked rocks covered with trees, and at head of delta. Inhabitants are chiefly on NE. head of Soguicay Bay, SE. coast of engaged in working gold mine in vicinity. Mindoro; interior shows several picturesque Water at this point on river is fresh and pala- table. Anchorage at mouth of river on small BUYATAN (boo-yah'-tohn), nat.; hamlet of Misa- bay in SE, angle of Butúan Bay is frequented mis, Mindanao. by traders from adjacent shores and also from BUAYO FATIOSIO (boo-ah-yau fah-tee-oh'-see- Visayan Is. on N. Sago, rice, poultry, pigs, oh), ver.; hamlet of Abra, Luzón, 3 m. SE. of and cattle are raised by inhabitants. Town is Bangued. celebrated in history as being place where Magellan landed after his anchorage near BUYAON (boo-yah'-on), ver.; hamlet on E. shore Limasaua I., and where he celebrated first of bay of Matutinao, 14 m. N. of that town, W. mass in Philippines. Pop., 1898, 10,543 est. coast of Cebú. large bay on N. coast of Mindanao, open- BUYO (boo'-yaw), ver.; hamlet on E. coast of ing 28 m. to NW., Dinata Pt. being its W. Ticao I., Visayas. head, and 24 m. deep to SE. Its S. shore BÚYOC (boo'-yock), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, SE. between river Butuan, which enters SE. Panay, 1 m. NE. of San Miguel. angle, and town of Nasipit, 15% m. to W., is ovog ihon va BÚYOG (boo'-yog), ver.; hamlet in Sámar, 4. m. low and covered by mangroves. Butúan is SE. of Laguan. on SE. shore, 10 m. above mouth of river of that name. Nasipit is on small inlet on SW. BUYPAGUI (booy-pah'-gee), ver.; hamlet on S. shore of bay. coast of Leyte, 2 m. SE. of Mac Crohon. - one of most important rivers in Mindanao, BUYÚAN (boo-yoo'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on S. coast taking its rise through Agusan Riv. in SE.pen- of Iloilo, Panay, 1 m. W. of Tigbauan. insula of Mindanao. One of its arms near BYAN (bee'-ahn), ver.; one of 3 islands, 1 sq. m. mouth communicates with lake 161 m. NNE. in extent, 1 m. E. of Manlagule I., NE. of Ba- of town of Butuan; 2 points which form en lábac I. (See Gabung I.) hills. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 395 CAABÁOAN (kah-ah-bah'-wahn), ver.; crater in NE. Leyte, 4 m. S. of Babatugon. CA-AGA (kah-ah'-gah), nat.; small stream in S. Leyte, entering sea 2 m. S. of Malitbog. CAAGSAMAN (cah-ag-sah'-man), ver.; mountain in S. Sámar. CA-ALANG-ALANG (cah-ah-lung-ah'-lung), nat.; river entering on S. shore of Ayat Bay, S. part of Gavet Bay, E. shore of Loog Bay, and SE. arm of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. CAAMBONGA (kah-am-bong'-ah), nat.; hamlet at mouth of Bachao Bangahón, W. coast of Sámar. CAANIPA (cah-ah-nee-pah), nat.; small island off W. coast of Palawan, at entrance of Bay of Cruz de Mayo. CAANTALAN (cah-ahn-tah'-lahn), ver.; mountain in Sámar. CAATICOY (cah-ah-tee-coy'), ver.; mountain in Sámar. CAAYABA (cah-ah-yah-bah), ver.; mountain in central Sámar, at one of springs of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv. CABÁ (cah-bah'). nat.: river of Pangasinan, Luzón, rising in Tonglón Mt., takes W. course and empties on NE. shore of Lingayen Gulf. - pueblo on coast highway in Union, Luzón, 12 m. S. of San Fernando. Pop., 4,164. CABAB (cah-bub'), ver.; mineral spring in Le- panto, Luzón. CABACÁN (cah-bah-cahn'), nat.; mountain in E. Ilocos Sur, Luzon. - town in district of Amburayan, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. river in Mindanao, tributary of Mandago, in Cotabato. point on mainland of W. arm of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao. CABACAUAN (cah-bah-cow'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in Central range, Iloilo, Panay, at headwaters of tributary of Jalaur Riv., 6 m. W. of Maasín. -- crater in SW. Leyte, 4 m. N. of Ormoc and 2 m. NW. of Aslum Peak, which is higher and more conical. Both mountains abound in sulphur and copperas. CABACBATAN (cah-back-bah'-tahn), ver.; point on NE. shore of Ragay Gulf, Ambos Camar- ines (Norte), Luzón. CABACONANG (cah-bah-coh'-nung), nat.; bay and point on its S. side, W. coast of Carogo or Puro I., SE. shore of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. CABACONGAN (cah-bah-cong-ahn), ver.; point on W. coast of Tablas I., Visayas, N. of. Tin- garac. CABACOÑGON (cah-bah-cong'-on), ver.; hamlet in hills of NW. Sámar. CABACÚAN (cah-bah-cool-ahn), ver. (See Simoga Pt., Sámar.) CABACUGAN (cah-bah-coo'-gun), ver.; island off N. coast of Sámar, NW. of pueblo of Bobón. (See Cabaun Grande I.) CABACUJAN (cah-bah-coo'-hahn), nat.; point SW. extreme of Carogo or Puro I., N. side of N. channel to Loog Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. CABACUÑGAN (cah-bah-coong'-ahn), nat.; Moro village in Misamis, Mindanao. CABACUNGAN; river on boundary between Ilo- cos Norte and Cagayán, Luzon, which rises in Cordilleras which separate the two proy- inces, flows to N., and enters sea in lat. 180 39' 10" N. - point on N. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón. CABADIÂ (cah-bah-dee-ah'), ver.; point at SW. extreme of Cacraray I., off E. shore of Albay, Luzón. CABADIANCÁN (cah-bah-dee-ahn-cahn'), ver.; N. point of small bay on W. coast of Daram I., on channel of that name, off W. coast Sámar. CABADLONGAN (cah-bud-long'-ahn), nat.; point on SW. shore of Calicoan I., off extreme SE. coast of Samar, Visayas. CABAG (cah-bahg'), ver.; mountain midway be- tween Suribao and Lanang Riv. in SE. Sá- mar. - E. central point of Romblon I., Visayas. CABAGAC (cah-bah-gack'), ver.; town in Catan- duanes I. NE. of Albay, Luzon. CABAGÁN (cah-bah-gahn'), nat.; point in Bataan, Luzón. - village in vicinity of Tuguegarao, Cagayan, Luzon, on bank of river of same name, tribu- tary of Grande de Cagayán Riv. - river in Cagayán, Luzón, rising in lat. 170 28' 50" N.; after receiving a number of afflu- ents, emptying into Grande de Cagayán Riv. CABAGÁN NUEVO (cah-bah-gahn'noo-ay'-vau), Hisp.; pueblo of Isabela, Luzón, at confluence of river of same name with Grande de Ca- gayán Riv., 20 m. N. of Ilogan and on main through highway. Pop., 6,240. Post-office. CABAGÁN VIEJO (cah-bah-gahn' vee-ay'-hoh), Hisp.; pueblo of Isabela, Luzon. Pop., 3,633. CABAGÁOAN (cah-bah-gah'-wahn), nat.; former politico-military comandancia, bounded on N. by pueblos of Pamplona, Claveria, and Abúlug; on E. by comandancia of Apayaos, on S. by Abra, and on W. by Ilocos Norte. It is now part of province of Cagayán, Luzón. CABAGÁS (cah-bah-gas'), Tag.; small river empty- ing into ocean NW. of Pinaccapulan Pt., on S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. CABAGAYÁN (cah-bah-gah-yahn'), nat.; island N. of Sámar. CABAG LA ÚSAN (cah-bah-glah-00'-sahn), Ver.; hamlet on Pacific shore of extreme SE. pen- insula of Davao, Mindanao, 61 m. SE. of Davao. CABAGOYAN (cah-bah-gau'-yahn), ver.; tributary of Grande de Cagayan Riv. from E., which rises in Cresta Mt. of Grand Cordillera Orien- tal, Isabela, Luzón. CABAHAN (cah-bah'-hahn), ver.; island off SE. coast of Tablas I., Visayas, with several other islets to NW. nearer shore. This island, with Calatón Pt. bearing NE., forms fine bay. CABAIOGAN (cah-bab-yoh'-gun), nat.; village be- tween Mati and Camansi Pt., NW. shore of Pujada Bay, SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. CABAKLÁN, or TABULAKA (cah-bah-key-ahn'. tah-boo-yah'-cah), ver.; island of Unip cluster on E. side of Surigao Strait, off w. coast of Dinagat I., N. of Surigao, Mindanao, 2, m. long, m. wide, and lies 2 m. SE. and inshore from Sibanog I. of same group. CABAKSULAN (cah-back-soo'-lahn), ver.; river of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, entering small bay on NE. shore of Sibuguey Bay, opposite Cabut I. 396 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CABALAAN (cah-bah-lah'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on E.shore of Mainit Lake, in NW. Surigao, Min- danao. CABALAGNÁN (cah-bah-lag-nahn'), ver.; point on extreme SE. coast of San Pedro Bay, SW. Sá- mar, 14, m. SE. of Basey. - hamlet on S. shore of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay, 16 m. S. of Nagaba. CABALAGNAO (cah-bah-lag-now'); small stream emptying into Guimarás Strait 2 m. N. of Su- mag, Negros Occidental. CABALAN (cah-bah-lahn), nat.; summit 361 ft. on 1. bank Calaclan Riv., on NE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. CABALANGA (cah-bah-lang'-ah), ver.; hamlet on river of same name in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. - river 6 m. E. of Cabusao, emptying into San Miguel Bay, Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon. CABALANHÁN (cah-bah-lahn-hahn'), ver.; moun- tain in Sámar in dividing range extending W. between Ulut Riv., N., and Matina, S. CABALANTÍAN (cah-bah-lahn-tee'-ahn), ver.; mountain in Sámar. CABALARÍAN (cah-bah-lah-reel-ahn), nat.; islet in opening of bight on S. shore of Sámar, Vi- sayas, 6 m. W. by N. of Guiuan port. -- islet in channel between Manicani I. and SW. shore of Samar. CABALÁS, or CATALAT (cah-bah-las', cah-tah- laht). ver.; larger of 2 islands, 11 m. in length, on SW. side of entrance to Mayday Bay, NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. CABALASAN (cah-bah-lah'-sahn), ver.; river in Leyte. CABALATA (cah-bah-lah'-tah), ver.; mountain on SE. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao; hamlet of Biguan lies at its foot. This mountain is 9. m. NE. of Tapian Pt., E. entrance headland of Illana Bay, and important landmark of approach to anchor- age of Cotabato and Polloc Harbor: peak of this name 31 m. from S. entrance of river, and higher than neighboring islands; is excel- lent mark for navigation of Mindanao Riv. CABALAYAN (cah-bah-lah'-yahn), ver.; moun- tain in sw. Pangasinan, Luzón. CABALETE (cah-bah-lay-tay), ver.; island 5 m. long, 3 m. off NW. end of Alabat I., Lamón Bay, N. of Tayabas, Luzón, forming with Alabat I. well sheltered port. CABALÍAN (cah-bah-lee'-ahn), nat.; pueblo on ex- treme SE, shore of Leyte, in pueblo of same name, 70 m. S. by E. of Tacloban, Pop, of pueblo, 1887, 4, 121. -- mountain 3,130 ft. high in SE. part of Leyte, 3 m. N. of Cabalian. - point bn S. coast of Sulu I., 5 m. SE. of Silangan Pt, and 8 m. N. of Tapul I., Sulu A. - Point at SE. extremity of Tablas I. (see South Pt.), Visayas; mountain range inland affords landmark; beach is sandy and low. CABALIC (cah-bah-lick'), ver.; point on Gui- marás I., off Iloilo, Panay, 31 m. SW. by W. of Bondulan Pt.; coast turns S. 44 m. to port Santa Ana and is bold with several islets close to it. CABALIGNÁN (cah-bah-lig-nun'), ver.; mountain in Panay. CABALISIAN (cah-bah-lee-see'-ahn), ver.; moun- tain in SW. Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón, toward boundaries of Pangasinan. CABALITÍAN (cah-bah-lee-tee'-ahn), nat.; high island off w. shore of Lingayen Gulf, 11 m. NW. of Lingayen, in Pangasinan, Luzón. CABALITO (cah-bah-lee'-toh), Sp.; hamlet near Namacpacán, in Unión, Luzón. CABALITOCAN (cah-bah-lee-toh-cahn), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Namacpacán, Unión, Luzon. CABALLETE (cah-bah-lyay'-tay), Sp.; mountain in extreme SE. part of Dinagat I., N. of Suri- gao, Mindanao. At this point coast range disappears beneath intermediate sea channel, elevated islet peaks of Ba yalnán, Ginatúan, and Cabsugan alone showing above surface and rises again in towering altitudes of ex- treme NW. Mindanao; is 1,791 ft. high and makes excellent mark for navigators ap- proaching entrance to Gipdó passage. CABALLO (cah-bah'-lyoh) Sp.: small river empty- ing into China Sea, in Bataan, Luzon. - bluff rock, 420 ft. high, covered with ver- dure, and about #m.S. of Buri Pt., E. extremity of Corregidor I., in Boca Grande or S. entrance to Manila Bay. Light-house on island and other marks furnish guidance for navigators. It was channel between this island and main- land, being without defenses, which was used by United States squadron in entering Manila Bay. - point 84 m. W. of Zamboanga, on S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. Town of San Mateo, with anchorage, is near point. CABALO (cah-bah'-loh), nat.; village at head- waters of Bacat Riv., Cotabato, Mindanao. (See Taimanok.) - creek draining marshy ground of Liguasan Lagoon into Bacat Riy., Cotabato, Mindanao. CABALOS (cah-bah-laws'), ver.; mountain in N. Cápiz, Panay, 5 m. SW. of Tangalan. CABALÚA (cah-bah-loo'-ah), ver.; island 1 sq. m. fronting large bay on NE. coast of Polillo I., off Infanta, Luzón, and N. end of channel be- tween Polillo and Teolong Is. CABALÚAN (cah-bah-loo'-ahn) ver.; river in Zam- bales, Luzón. CABALUNGAN (cah-bah-loong'-ahn); hamlet in central Negros Occidental, 9 m. E. of Giniga- ran. CABALUYAN (cah-bah-lool-yun), nat.; island in Zambales, Luzón, in vicinity of Bolinao. CABANASAN (cah-bah-nah'-sahn), ver.; hamlet in W. Sámar, 6 m. NE. of Tarangnan. CABANATUÁN (cah - bah-nah-too- ahn'), Tag.; pueblo of Nueva Ecija on l, bank of Grande de la Pampanga Riv.at important crossing by main road, 13 m. N. of San Isidro. Is also connected with surrounding towns by roads. Here road divides-one crosses the Pampanga to Talavera, other continues along river to Bongabong, then over divide to Bongabong on down W. Cagayán to N. side of island. Pop., 12,000. -- river in pueblo of same name, Nueva Ecija, Luzón, tributary of Grande de Pampanga Riv. CABANÁYANG (cah-bah-nah'-yung), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Magsingal, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. CABANCALAN (cah-bahn-cah-lahn), nat; pueblo of Negros Occidental on W. bank of Ilog Riv., 1 m. below junction of Nitamayan, 4 m. above mouth of main stream and 461 m. S. of Baco- lod. Pop., 7,636. -hamlet in Central range of Iloilo, Panay, 9 m. W. by N. of Janiuay. - hamlet in NW. part of Negros Occidental, 2 m. NE. of Silay. CABANGA (cah-bahng-ah'), nat.; town in NW. part of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon, on S. slope of Colás Mt. and on tributary of Naga Riv., 21 m. NW. of Nueva Cáceres. CABANGÁN (cah-bang-ahn'), nat.; pueblo on coast road in Zambales, Luzón, 13 m. S. of Iba, Pop., 2,798. - bay on coast of Zambales, Luzón, between Butulan and Capones Pts. --point on N. shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzon, W. of Súbic and mouth of Guagadi Riv. CABANGBANAN (cah-bang bah'-nahn) nat., ham- let on SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 114 m. W. of Iloilo. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 397 CABANGBANGAN (cah-bung-bung'-ahn), nat.; hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, in pueblo of Bacolor. CABANGUSA (cah-bung-00'-sah), ver.; hamlet on NE. side of NW. point of Cápiz, Panay, 4 m. NE. of Málay. CABANÍAN (cah-bah-neel-ahn), nat.; point on SW. shore of Calicóan I., off extreme SE. coast of Sámar, Visayas. CABANISAN (cah-bah-nee-sahn); point on s. shore Sámar, Visayas. (See Cabarasan.) CABANKAUAN (cah-bahn-cow'-ahn), ver.; island 1 m. to SW. of 2 Simalak Is., off N. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. This, with 2 Simalak Is. rests on great coral reef, which almost dries at low water, and extends 1 m. to NE. of Little Simalak (see Simalak Is.). Bakun Pt., on main land of Tawi Tawi I., is opposite this island. Anchorage E. of this island affords shelter from all winds. CABANLÚTANG (cah-bahn-loo'-tang), nat.; moun tain hamlet of Negros Oriental, 5 m. W. of Bais. CABANO (cah-bah'-nau), ver.; hamlet on E. coast of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay, 9 m. SE. of Nagaba, at mouth of Tinabteban. CABANTÍAN (cah-ban-teel-ahn), ver.; point on SE. shore of Bohol, Visayas, and headland of approach from SW. to Guindulman, 3 m. dis- tant. CABANTIGUIANES (cah-bahn-tee-gee-ah'-nays), Hisp.; islands W. of Sámar. CABANTONGAN (cah-bahn-tong'-ahn), ver.; point on SW. shore of SE. projection of Sámar. CABANTÚAN (cah-bahn-tool-ahn), ver.; islet 4 m. NE. of Talibón, N. coast of Bohol, Visayas. CABAQUIÁN (cah-bah-key-ahn'), ver.; island 2 m. long off SW. coast of Dinagat I., N. of Surigao, Mindanao. CABARAGAN (cah-bah-rah'-gun), ver.; mountain in Abra, Luzón. CABARANAN (cah-bah-rah'-nahn), ver.; creek and point in S. Sorsogon, Luzón. CABARASAN, or CUBANISAN (cah-bah-rah'-sahn, coo-bah-neel-sahn), nat.; point on S. shore of SE. Sámar, 7 m. SW. of Salcedo. CABARAUAN (cah-bah-rah'-wahn), ver.; point on S. shore of Sorsogon, Luzón, overlooking San Bernardino Strait. CABAROAN (cah-bah-roh -ahn), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Piddig, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. - village in pueblo of Magsingal, Luzón. CABAROTAN (cah-bah-raw'-tahn), ver.; hamlet in central Negros Occidental, 6 m. E. of Gini- garan. CABARRUYAN (cah-bah-rrool-yahn), ver.; island off w. shore of Lingayen Gulf in Zambales, Luzón, 7 m. from N. to s. and 4 m. greatest breadth. Off its NE. and NW. points are 2 smaller islands. Is moderately high and cov- ered with wood. CABARSANA (cah-bar-sah-nah), ver.; river in Panay. CABARÚAN (cah-bah-roof-ahn), ver.; hamlet on r. bank of Abra Riv., in Abra, N. Luzon, 10 m. SE. of Bangued. CABARUGA (cah-bah-roo'-gah), ver.; hamlet of Abra, Luzon, on 1. bank of Abra Riv., imme- diately E. of point where boundary of Ilocos Sur crosses that stream. CABASARAN (cah-bah-sah'-rahn), ver.; hamlet in valley of Iligan Riv., near its outlet from Lake Lanao, 144 m. SE. of Iligan, Misamis, Mindanao. CABASBATAN (cah-bas-bah'-tahn), Tag.; point in SE. Tayabas, Luzón. CABATIANAGAN (cah-bah-tee-ah-nah'-gahn). ver.; mountain in NE. Leyte, 7 m. WNW. of Tacloban. CABATINGAN (cah-bah-ting'-ahn), ver.; peak in Caraballos Occidentales, in Abra and Ilocos Sur, Luzon. CABATNÁN (cah-bat-nahn'), ver.; hamlet on SE. shore of Mainit Lake, Surigao, Mindanao, 30. m. S. by E. of Surigao. CABATÚAN (cah-bah-tool-ahn), nat.; pueblo in SE. Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. s. of s. branch of Jalaur, 19 m. NW. of Iloilo. Pop., 18,177. - hamlet in N. central Sámar on 1. bank of river rising in NW. divide and entering sea at Catarman on N. coast. CABAUAN GRANDE, or CABACUGAN (cah-bah'-00- ahn gran'-day, cah-bah-cool-gahn), Hisp.; is- land 4 by 4 m., 37 m. off coast of N. Sámar, W. and 5 m. SE. of Balicuatro Is, to which group it belongs, and E. of Biri. Navigation is diffi- cult on account of coral patches. CABAYA (cah-bah'-yah), ver.; island SE. by S. of Mindoro. (See Caluya I.) CABAYAN (cah-bah'-yahn), nat.; pueblo in Ben- guet, N. of Baguio, Luzón, 12 m. NE. of Trini- dad. Pop., 844. - point and N. head to Lacutan Bay, W. shore of Pujada Bay, SE. coast of Dávao, Min- danao. CABAYUGAN (cah-bah-yoo'-gahn), ver.; hamlet in Pangasinan, Luzón, on Agno Riv. road, 14 m. S. of Lingayen. CABCABAN (cab-cah'-bahn), nat.; hamlet on W. shore of Basilan I., Sulu A., 16 m. SW. by S. of Isabela. CABCABE (cab-cah-bay), Tag.; point on E. coast of Bataan, Luzón. CABCABEN (cab-cah'-ben), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Mariveles, Bataan, Luzón. CABCAO (cab-cow'). ver.; hamlet inland 3. m. SE. of Mercedes, in SE. extreme of Sámar. CABENGBENGA (cah-beng-bayng'-ah), ver.; ham- lel on S. shore of Basilan I,, off S. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. CABETICAN (cah-bay-tee'-cahn), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Bacolor, Pampanga, Luzón. CABEZA (cah-bay-thah), Sp.; point in island of Tablas, Visayas. CABEZA DE BONDOG (cah-bay'-thah day bohn- dog'), Hisp.; mountain 1,250 ft. high at S. end of peninsula of Tayabas, Luzon, from which in clear weather headlands of Burias I., Vi- sayas, to E. may be distinctly seen and visible 30 m. from sea. CABEZA DE NEGRITO (cah-bay'-thah day nay- greel-tau), Sp.; passage S. of Ticao I., Visayas. CABEZA DEL DIABLO (cah-bay-thah del dyah'- bleau), Sp.; mountain in S. Palawan. CABEZA NEGRA (cah-bay'-thah nay'-grah), Sp.; mountain in S. Palawan. CABEZO DE TABLAS (cah-bay'-thau day tah'- blas), Sp.; bold headland at NE. extreme of Tablas I., Visayas. Several smaller islands lie along S. shore. CABGÁ (cab-gah'), ver.; islet off w. coast of Leyte, 5 m. s. of Palompón. CABGÁN (cab-gahn'), ver., islet 3 m. NE. of Tubi- gón, NW, coast of Bohol, Visayas. - island in opening of Port Palompon, NW. coast of Leyte. -- island 3 m. S. of Nagábat islets, and 1, m. from NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, fronting bay on which lies town of Bacuag. Group of 4 rocks lies 3 m. SE. of this island. - point on extreme W. shore of Panguil Bay, SW. end of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. Bocana Orang. entrance to Salog Riv. lies on S. CABIANGÓN (cah-bee-ang-on'), ver., river empty- ing into Tañón Strait, 31 m. S. of Toledo, w, coast of Cebú. 398 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CABIAO (cah-bee-ah'-00), Tag.; pueblo on 1. bank CABINTI (cah-been'-tee), ver.; pueblo in Laguna, and road along Grande de Pampanga Riv. to Luzón. Pop., Cn. 1887, 5701. (Also Cavinti.) Manila, 5 m. S. of San Isidro in Nueva Ecija, CABIRIOÁN (cah-bee-ree-oh-ahn'), ver.; hamlet Luzon. Pop., 7,924. on l. bank of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., in SW. -- river in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, emptying into Sámar. Grande de Pampanga Riv. CABISÍLANG (cah-bee-see-lung), ver.; hamlet CABIBIANG (cah-bee-beeahng'), nat.; village on in pueblo of Candón, Ilocos Sur, Luzón, riverentering Alancao, Napangpang Bay, NE. CABITOAGAN (cah-bee-toh-ah'-gahn), ver.; an- arm of Panlatúan port, SW. coast of Sorsogon, chorage in position formerly chartered as Luzón. Anunanga, off E. shore of Davao Gulf, Min- CABIBIJABAN, or VINAS (cah-bee-bee-hah'-bahn, danao. veel-nahs), ver.; river emptying into head of - hamlet on E. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Ragay Gulf, its mouth being SE. terminus of Mindanao, 50 m. SSE. of Dávao. boundary between Ambos Camarines Norte) CABLAGNA (cah-blag'-nah), ver.; point on S. coast on NE., and Tayabas on SW., Luzón. CABICUNGAN (cah-bee-coong'-ahn), ver.; river of of Samar and E. head to anchorage of Balan- giga, separating Higoso and Capines Pts, and Cagayán, Luzón, 35 m. in length, immedi- forming 2 clean bays with deep water in ately E. of boundary line of Ilocos Norte, them. Villages along coast are poor and which it follows its entire length. It receives offer few resources. In 1861 H. M. S. Sphinx several tributaries from E. slopes of Gran struck on shoal 1 m. S. of this point. Cordillera Central, one descending from Notable Mt. Mouth of river marks sea end CABO (cah-bau), Sp.; hamlet on main road in of boundary between 2 provinces named, near Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 12 m. NE. of San Isidro. which is also town of Claveria. CABO-CABO (cah-beau-cah'-beau), ver.; town in - point on N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón, next N. Sámar. to Mayraira Pt., from which it is E. by S. 13 CABOAN, SANTA MARÍA DE (cah-boh'-ahn, san- m.; highest extreme of land in Philippines. tah mah-reel ah day). Hisp.; pueblo in ex- Claveria town lies 2 m. SW. Is bluff, steep treme NE. of Laguna, Luzón; town of same point of white cliffs, having mass of high name being on main road to Mabitak at NE. mountains called Patapa contiguous to it. head of Laguna de Bay. To E. is round hill called Pata Pt. (See Cape CABODIANGAN (cah-bau-dee-ang'-ahn), ver.; Bojeador.) point on farthest W. land of Sibuyán I., of CABICUNGAN, or CLAVERÍA (cah-bee-coong'-ahn, Romblon grp., Visayas. clah-vay-ree'-ah), Sp.; town in NW. Cagayán, CABOG (cah-baug'), ver.; point in E. coast of Luzón. island of Romblon, Visayas. CABIDÍAN (cah-bee-deel-ahn), ver.; river in Bo- | CABOLANGAN (cah-bau-lahng'-ahn), ver.; river hol, Visayas. in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón, empty- CABIGOHÁN (cah-bee-gau-hahn'), ver.; hamlet in ing into Ragay Gulf near Cabungahan Pt. SW. Sámar, 9 m. NE. of Basey. CABONGAHAN (cah-bong-ah'-hahn), nat.; moun- CABIJAN (cah-beel-hahn), nat.; islet 10 m. N. of tain in extreme SW. Sámar, 11 m. W. by N. Getafe, on N. coast of Bohol, Visayas. of Balangiga. CABILAGAN (cah-bee-lah'-gahn), ver.; hamlet in CABONGON (cah-baung'-on); river on E. coast of SW. Sámar, 9 m. ENE. of Basey. Mindoro, emptying into sea S. of Masi Pt. CABILÁN (cah-bee-lahn'), nat.; cluster of 4 islets CABOTOS (cah-beau'-tohs), ver.; mountain in occupying area of 3 m. in extent W. of Diná Panay. gat town, Dinagat I., N. of Surigao, Mindanao. CABRA, or GOAT (cah-brah), Sp.; small island - group of 3 small islets off SW. shore of Di westernmost of Lubang grp., NW. of Min- nagat I., N. of Surigao, Mindanao, S. of doro. (See Lubang I.) Area: 2 m. long, low, adjacent island of Cabaguián. 200 ft. high, and wooded. Channel between it CABILAO (cah-beel-lah-oo), ver.; islet 2 by 11 m. and Lubang is 1 m. and free; near W. ex- 5 m. WSW. of Calape, on w. shore of Bohol, treme is exhibited a light. Visayas. - "Silanga" in Lubang grp. at China Sea en- CABILAUAN (cah-bee-lah'-wahn), ver.; island trance to Verde passage, NW.of Mindoro. 41 m. NW. to SE. and 1 m. NE. to SW.in deep CABSUGAN (cab-soo'-gahn), ver.; southernmost bight on NE. coast of Busuanga I., Cala of Guntúan (Ginatúan) Is, off NE. coast of mianes grp., N. of Paragua, Palawan, between Surigao, Mindanao, and S. of Dinagat I. on Coconongon Pt. and Calton port. S. side of S. entrance of Gipdo Passage; area - islet off E. end of Usón I., S. Busuanga I., about 8 sq. m., being 53 m. in length from Calamianes grp., N. of Paragua, Palawan. NW. to SE. CABUALLAN (cah-bwah'-lyahn), nat.; river in CABILIAN (cah-bee-lee'-ahn). ver.: mountain in SE. Sámar, 4 m. NW. of Salcedo. Cápiz, Panay, rising lat. 11° 03' N. and emp- tying into sea at lat. 11° 30' N. - mountain at headwaters of Yabasan Riv., CIBÚAN (cah-bool-ahn), ver.; hamlet in S. cen- 8. NNW. of Borongan in E. Sámar. tral Bohol, Visayas, 5 m. W. of Sierra Bullones. CABILISAN (cah-bee-lee'-sun), nat.; point on NE. coast of Masbate, Visayas, in pueblo of Pala- CABUAYAN (cah-boo-ah'-yahn), ver; mountain in W. Leyte, 10 m. N. of E. of Palompon, nas. CABILOAGAN (cah-bee-lwah'-gun), nat.; summit CABUCABÚAN (cah-boo-cah-boo'-ahn), nat.; river 827 ft. high, on N. shore of Subic Bay, SE. emptying in N. shore of Panlatúan port, SW. coast of Zambales, Luzón. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. CABILONAN (cah-bee-law'-nahn), ver.; point on CABUCJÂ (cah-book-hah'), ver.; hamlet on E. NW. coast of Daram I. and headland on E. bank of arm on SW. shore of Camansí Bay in of N. entrance to Daram channel, W. coast Cápiz, Panay. Sámar. CABUCO (cah-boo-kaw'), ver.; seacoast hamlet of CABINGAAN (cah-bing-ah-ahn), ver.; NE. and Cotabato, Mindanao, 184 m. SW. of Cotabato. low, flat island of Tapul grp., Sulu A., 3 m. CABUDGAYAN (cah-bood-gah -yahn), ver.; ham- in extent and 7 m. E. of Tapul I. let on S. shore of Biliran I., N. of Leyte, 7 m. -- NE. island of Tapul grp. E. of Biliran. CABING-AN (cah-beeng'-ahn), ver.; high and CABUG (cah-boog'), nat.; islet of Gigantes cluster, fertile island in Sulu A., in lat. 5° 38' N.; in 13 m. E. of Bulacaue, NE. point of Concepción, earlier days resort for pirates. Cápiz, Panay. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 399 CABUG; point on E. shore of island E. of Carogo | CABULÁUN, or SOMBRERO_Continued. or Puro I., N. side of Loog (Canayat) Bay, W. I.; 20 m. SSE. of Calamián, Calamianes shore of Masbate, Visayas. grp., and 69 m. NW. of Cuyo, at Cuyos grp. CABUGAÁN (cah-boo-gah-ahn'), ver.; cluster of Inhabitants are chiefly fishermen for trepang 3 inshore islands off E. coast of Zamboanga, and hunters for edible birds' nests, visiting Mindanao, between Vitali and Curuan. islands on expeditions from Palawan, Mindo- ro, and Calamianes, and speak dialects of Ca- CABUGAE (cah-boo-gah'-ay), nat.; stream in lamianes and Visayan. Pop., 100, estimated. Tayabas, Luzon, which rises in lat. 13° 55' N. and empties into sea on S., lat. 13° 51' 30" N. CABULI (cah-boo-lee), ver.; lat. 11° 26' N., lon. 119° 29' E.; island 11 m. NW. to SE., 560 ft. CABUGAN (cah-boo'-gun), nat.; largest of Mur- high, 1 m. off extreme NW. point of Paragua, ciélagos Is., a cluster of 10 small islets at NE. Palawan. entrance of Murciélagos Bay, WSW. of Ba- lato Pt., N. Dapitan, Mindanao. CABÚLIC (cah-boo'-lick), nat.; point on Guima- rás I., Off Iloilo, Panay. -- island 3 m. off W. coast of Palawan. CABÚLIG (cah-boo'-lig), nat.; bay formed in el- CABUGAN CHICO (cah-boo-gun chee-coh), Hisp., bow of Macajalar bay, on E. shore, N. coast or SAN PEDRO (sahn payl-draw), Sp.; islet of Misamis, Mindanao. Town of Jasaan lies off E. coast of Leyte, 2 m. NE. of Hinunangan. to N. CABUGAN GRANDE (cah-boo'-gohn grand-day), CABULIGAN (cah-boo-lee'-gun), nat.; village on Hisp., or SAN PABLO (sahn pah'-blau), Sp.; island of Balábac, off SW. extreme of Pala- island 2, m. long, off E. coast of Leyte, 6 m. E. wan. of N. of Hinunangan. CABULILIAN (cah-boo-lee-lee' -ahn); village in CABÚGAO (cah-boo'-gah-oo), nat.; hamlet in is- pueblo of Pitogo, Tayabas, Luzón, on SW. land of Catanduanes belonging to Albay, Lu- coast at mouth of small river. zón. CABULUANG (cah-boo-lwang'), nat.; bay forming - hamlet in NE. Cápiz, Panay, on main road, E. arm of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Vi- 3 m. SE. of Panay. sayas. - island NE. of Panay.. - river entering bay of same name on SE. - pueblo in Ilocos Sur, Luzón, at mouth of shore, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. river of same name, on coast highway, 18 m. CABUNAN (cah-boo-nahn), ver.; island off Bohol, N. of Vigan. Pop., 8,259. Visayas. - hamlet on NE. shore of San Pedro Bay, CABUNGA (cah-boon'-gah), nat.; hamlet on Ulut SW. Sámar, 7 m. E. of Basey. Riv., Sámar, above Macajucad cascade. - town and inlet in S. Catanduanes I., N. of CABUNGANAN (cah-boong-ah-nahn), ver.; point Albay, Luzón. on E. shore of Ambos Camarines (Norte), - point of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay. Luzon. CABUGÁOAN (cah-boo-gow'-ahn), nat.; town and CABUNGBUNGAN (cah-boong-boong'-ahn), nat; former comandancia in N. Luzón. mountain in Leyte. CABUGAUAN (cah-boo-gah'-wahn), nat.; moun CABUNGDÁN (cah-boong-dahn'), ver.; hamlet in tain in N. Leyte, 5 m. SW. of Capoocan. SW. Sámar, on bay opening into San Juanico - N. point of entrance to San Juanico Strait, Strait, 3 m. NW. of Santa Rita. SW. Samar. CABUNGEOÉN, or CABUNGEOÁN (cah-boon-hay- CABUGBUNAN (cah-boog-boo'-nun), nat.; moun- au-ain', cah-boon-hay-au-ahn'), ver.; extreme tain in N. Leyte. E. island, 17 by 1 m. in extent, of cluster off CABUG-CABUG (cah-boog-cah-boog'), ver.; ham- E. coast of Polillo I., off Infanta, Luzón. Olet in NE. Cápiz, Panay, 2, m. SW. of Pilar. CABUNÍAN (cah-boo-nee'-ahn), ver.; mountain in N. Unión, Luzón. CABUJAN (cah-boo-hahn), nat.; bay between Cabuig and Arado Pts., E. shore of Carogo or CABUNICAN (cah-boo-nee'-cahn), ver.; hamlet 2 Puro I., Loog (Canayat) Bay, W. coast of m. NW. of Gándara, in SW. Sámar. Masbate, Visa yas, CABUNTUG (cah-boon-tug'). ver.; pueblo on ex- CABUKAN (cah-boo'-cahn), ver.; one of NW. is treme SE. point of Siargao I., off NE. coast lands of Sulu grp., Sulu A., 3. m. in extent, Surigao, Mindanao, 46, m. E. of Surigao; islets NW. of Sulu I. Guiang and Daco on N. side of E. entrance to Dapá channel lie off town. Pop., 4,175. Also island, 4 m. ENE. and WSW., 50 ft. high Cabuntog. and flat; largest of group off NW. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A. CABURAN (cah-boo-rahn), ver.; anchorage in S. CABULAN DE BOHOL (cah-boo'-lahn day boh- Mindanao. ohl'), hisp.; islet in sea channel between CABÚRAO, or PASAGE (cah-boo-rah-oo, pah- Bohol and Cebu, 9 m. W. of Getafe, NW. sah'-hay), nat.; one of numerous small islands coast of Bohol, Visayas. off N. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. CABULAO (cah-boo-lah'-00), nat.; village in Cebú. - island about 12 m. off E. coast of Leyte. CABULATAN (cah-boo-lah'-tahn), ver.; small CABURTANGA (cah-boor-tung'-ah), nat.; moun- stream entering sea 11 m. N. of Tayasan, E. tain in Ilocos Norte, Luzon, in pueblo of Nag- coast of Negros Oriental. partían. CABULÁUN, or SOMBRERO (cah-boo-lah'-oon, - peak in Saraballos Occidentales, in Ilocos sohm-bray'-roh), ver.; name island and west Norte, Luzón. ernmost of Cabuláun Is., 2. m. in length, CABUSA (cah-bool-sah), ver.; point on SE. coast with hill of moderate height, and small bay on SW. side, 54 m. NE. of Taytay, Paragua, of Davao, Mindanao, 13 m. S. of Calián Pt. Palawan. CABUSAO (cah-boo-sah'-00), ver.; fishing village - group of 5 islands-Cabuláun 3, Canaron 1. on r. bank of mouth of river of same name Nangalao 2, Salimbucbuc 1, Solitario 1-and 3 emptying into San Miguel Bay, in Ambos islets of 1 sq. m. total, 9 sq. m.; lat. 11° 20' N. Camarines (Sur), Luzón. and lon. 120° 15' E. intersecting about center, river entering San Miguel Bay in Ambos and covering area of ocean surface 15 m. N. Camarines (Sur), Luzón, discharging through and S., and 18 m. E. and W., or 270 sq.m.; low shore; is 720 ft. wide, 20 ft. deep at its consisting of islands belonging to larger Ca- mouth, and carries 15 ft. inland distance of lamianes grp. Name island of group, upon 24 m. to Nueva Cáceres, provincial capital. which there is small settlement of same name, lies 54 m. NE. of Taytay, Paragua, N. Pala | CABUSILAN (cah-boo-seel-lahn), ver.; range of wan; 17 m. E. of Taratahá Pt. of Linapucan mountains in Zambales, Luzón. 400 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CABUT (cah-boot'), ver.; small island in indenta- | CADAGUN (cah-dah'-goon), ver.; lake in island tion on NE. coast of Sibuguey Bay, S. coast of of Mindanao. Zamboanga, Mindanao, off mouth of Cabac- CADALIN (cah-dah'-leen) ver.; extreme S. point sulan Riy. of Sulu I., and W. head of large bay on S. CABUTAAN (cah-boo-tah-ahn), ver.; crater on N. coast of that island, Sulu A. shore of Leyte, 2 m. NW. of Capoocan. CADANAC (cah-dah-nack'), nat.; village at mouth CABUTBUTAN (cah-boot-boot-tahn), nat.; moun- of stream of same name on SE. shore of Sor- tain in Cebú; to E. exist mines of coal. sogon port, Sorsogon, Luzón. CABUTIJAN (cah-boo-teel-hahn) (means kind CADANAN (cah-dah'-nahn), ver.; hamlet of Le- ness), Tag.; village on S. coast of Tayabas, panto, Luzón, 10 m. from Cervantes. Pop., 488. Luzon, NW. of Maybeo Pt. CADANGLAAN (cah-dunn-glah'-ahn), nat.; village in pueblo Magsingal, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. CABUYAO (cah-bool-yah-oo), Tag.; pueblo in La- guna, Luzon, 20 m. due W. across Laguna de CADÁPUG (cah-dah'-poog), ver.; hamlet at mouth Bay. Pop., 8,888. of river on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 1 m. CABÚYOC (cah-boo-yock), ver.; pointin E. Marin- S. of Nalupa Nuevo. duque, off SW. coast of Luzon. CADBATAN (cad-bah'-tahn), ver.; point at S. en- trance to Barrera port, NE. coast of Masbate CACABUSAN (cah-cah-bool-sun), nat.; hamlet of I., Visayas. Ilocos Norte, Luzón. CADBURAUAN, or PANGANIRAN (cad-boo-rah'- CACAMATACÁN (cah-cah-mah-tah-cahn'), ver.; 00-ahn, pang-ah-nee'-rahn), ver.; low wooded point on mainland of Barton Bay, W. shore of point at extreme SW. end of Albay, Luzón, Paragua, Palawan. and on E. side of entrance to Ragay Gulf, opposite Burias I., Visayas. CACANÁYAT (cah-cah-nah-yat), ver.; S. waters of double bay 6 m. deep, on W. coast of Masbate CADIÁN (cah-dee-ahn'), ver.; river in W. Antique, I., Visayas. Panay, rising in lofty elevations of Nangtud Mts. and taking Sw.direction, receiving Can- CACAO (cah-cow'), nat.; hamlet in Siargao I., garanan Riv., and passing Valderrama and off NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. many hamlets, enters sea on W.coast midway CACAON (cah-cah-awn'), ver.; hamlet on r. bank between Bugason and Caritan, 5 m. apart. of Cagayán Riv., 15. m. above Cagayan de CADITAN (cah-deel-tahn), nat.; hamlet at mouth Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. of a river on W. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón, 5 m. CACATAÁN (cah-cah-tah-ahn'), ver.; flat wooded S. of entrance to Sorsogon Bay, N. of Ibalong island 105 ft. high and 1 m. long in Sigboye Pt., 19 m. SW. of Sorsogon. passage, 19% m. NE. of Tawi Tawi I., Tawi CÁDIZ NUEVO (cah'-deeth nway'-voh), Sp.; Tawi grp., Sulu A. town on l. shore of mouth of Gitalong, on N. coast of Negros Occidental, 31 m. NE. of Ba- CACBALISAY (cac-ban-lee-sĩ), ver.; one of Cala- colod. Pop., 7,046. guas I. (q. v.) off NE. coast Ambos Camarines, Luzón. - river in Negros. CACBOLO (cac baw'-law), ver.; island 400 ft. high, CÁDIZ VIEJO (cah'-deeth vee-ay'-hoh), Sp.; most 18 m. off NW. coast Paragua, Palawan, at N. pueblo of Negros Occidental, 1. m. NW. opening of Mayday Bay, NE. of Jibboom or of Sicaba. Tibbyến Bay.. CADJÁN cad-hahn'), ver.; small stream empty- CACBUCAO (cac-boo-cow'), ver.; islet 21 m. off ing into Strait of Tañón, on W. coast of Cebú. extreme N. point of Dumarán I., off E. coast CADLAO, or TABLE TOP (cad-lah'-00), island 2,000 of Paragua, Palawan, and on E. side of N. ft. high, 31 by m. in extent, off NW. coast of entrance to Cook channel. Paragua, Palawan, and N. of entrance to CACINJIÂ (cah-thin-hee-ah'), ver.; dependent Baquit Bay, abreast town of Baquit, and 6 m. island of Palawan. N. of Custodio Pt., W. extreme of Baquit (Bacuit) Bay. Table land rises in center. CACNIPA, or HIGH (cac-neel-pah), ver.; island 3) deep gorge forming 2 peaks E. and w.logger- m, in diameter, 1,050 ft. elevation, off entrance heads. Some of coast overhangs sea line. to Barton port N. and Mayday Bay S., on W. There is a bay on N. side with Mitre islet in it. coast of Paragua, Palawan. CADMON (cad-mawn'), ver.; pueblo and point on CACRARAY (cah-crah-ri'), ver.: island 8 m. N. and E. coast of Cebú, 29 m. N. of Cebú. Pop., 6,098. S. and 7, m. greatest width, area 3,059 sq. m., Also Catmon. forming E. shore of Tabaco Bay, Albay, Luzón, CADO-OCAN (cah-daw-au'-cahn) ver.; point on from which it is separated by channel m. NW. coast of Panaćn I., SE. of Leyte, upon wide. In NW. lies San Miguel, and SE, Batán which Liloan is situated, and also S. headland Is. It is hilly, and has indications of com- of W. entrance to Panaón Strait. mercial quantities of coal, which abounds on adjacent islands of Batán and Rapu Rapu; CADUAYAN (cah-doo-ah'-yan), ver.; hamlet on W. has no town of importance: is separated from coast of Sulu I., Sulu A. San Miguel I, on NW. by Casolgan channel, CADUCDULÁ, or TABUNAN (cah-dooc-doo-lah', 14 m. wide. tah-boo'-nahn), ver.: point on extreme SW. - point at extreme SE. land of island of that coast of Antique, Panay, 5 m. E. of Anini-y. name off Albay, Luzón. "Silanga," between islands of Cacraray CADUCUAYAN (cah-doo-cwah'-yun), ver.; moun- and Batán, Pacific Ocean, off Albay, Luzón. tain in Sámar. CACUB (cah-coob'). ver.. hamlet and port with CADURAAN (cah-doo-hah-ahn') ver., mountain good anchorage on SW. shore of Siargao I., in central range in S. Leyte, 11 m. SW. of off NE. coast Surigao, Mindanao. On NE. Abúyog. side of entrance to Dapá channel the coast is CADURÚAN (cah-doo-roo'-ahn), nat.; point at a mass of rocks dry at low water. extreme s. end of Masbate I., Visayas, in - river on W. coast of Siargao I., NE. off direction of NE. extremity of Cebú I. Mindanao, near W. entrance to Dapá channel - town in SE, Masbate, Visayas. and N. of Sibonga port, Bucás I. (Also Kakub.) CAFAG (cah-fag'), nat.; stream in Cagayán, Lu- CADAC-AN (cah-duck-ahn'), ver.; river in island zón, tributary to Cagayán Riv., having its of Leyte. source in lat. 17° 02' 30" N. CADACLÁN (cah-dah-clan'), ver.; hamlet in Isa- CAGABÚA (cah-gah-boo'-ah), ver.; hamlet in N. bela, Luzon, near boundary with Bontoc. Samar, 4 m. S. of Catarman. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 401 CAGAMÚ (cah-gah-moo'), nat.; point on extreme CAGANIBONG (cah-gah-nee-bong') ver.; hamlet SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, 3 m. S. of Ayoni 7 m. S. inland from Lagúan, N. Sámar. Вау. CAGANIBONY (cah-gah-nee-bow'-nee),ver.; ham- CAGAN, or BANGA (cah'-gahn, bahng'-ah), ver.; let at headwaters of Pagsaban Riv., Sámar. point on E. coast of Albay, Luzon. CAGÁRAY (cah-gah-rī), ver.; extinct volcano in CAGANAYAN (cah-gah-nah'-yahn), ver.; town in extreme SE. Sámar, 3 m. S. of Quinapundán. Abra, Luzon, at headwaters of tributary of Abra Riv., near boundary of Ilocos Norte, 15 CAGATAN (cah-gah'-tahn), nat.; small s. tribu- m. N. of Bangued. tary of Ulut Riy., in E. Sámar. CAGAYÁN, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Cah-gah-yahn', nat.) Capital: Tuguegarao, lat. 17° 37' 30" N., lon. 121° 38' 20'' E., approximately. Area: Mainland, 5,022 sq. m.; Babuyanes, 179 sq. m.; Batanes, 81 sq. m.; other dependent islands, 9 sq. m.; total, 5,291 sq. m. Population, 1901: 96,367, estimated Race: Cagayanes, Negritos, Apayaos, Itaves, and other local races. Language: Dialects of their own; Ibanag (nearly the same as Cagayán) by the cultivated races. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. m. 57 Table of distances. From Tuguegarao to Aparri, N. coast, Cagayán....... Manila, S. by W..... 211 Vigan, Ilocos Sur, W. China Sea coast .... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Cagayán occupies the extreme NE. portion of the island of Luzón, being bounded on the N. by the Pacific Ocean, the Babuyanes group lying between its N. shore and Balingtang, channel connecting the Pacific Ocean and the China Sea; on the E. by the Pacific Ocean; on the S. by Isabela and Abra, with a small portion of Bontoc touching its extreme SW. boundary between the two provinces named; on the W. by Abra and Ilocos Norte. AREA. It is 100 m. from NE. to SW. and 105 m. from NW. to SE. Area, mainland 5,022 sq. m.; Babuyanes grp., 179 sq. m.; Batanes grp., 81 sq. m.; 8 dependent islands, 9 sq. m.; total, 5,291 sq. m., or larger than Connecticut, nearly twice the size of Dela- ware, and four times that of Rhode Island. Within these boundaries are the former comandancias of Apayaos on the E. side of the Grand Cordillera Central in the NW. portion of the province, with a population of 16,000 in 40 villages, the principal Fotol and Capinatan; of Cabugaoan, between Apayaos, Abra, and Ilocos Norte, and of Itaves, along the borders of Abra and Bontoc, with more than 15,000 inhabitants, Magaogao being the principal town. In this region are more than 126 villages, chiefly of Calanas, who speak the Itaves language. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The country is much broken with high mountains, the Sierra Madre or Grand Cor- dillera Oriental following the Pacific coast line and the Cordilleras del Norte and Central on its W. boundary. Valley of the Cagayán; the Cagayán Riv. is a magnificent waterway for light- draft steamers and can be made much more efficient by dredging out three or four bars which in dry weather interfere with the transportation. The enormous capacity for development of this valley of the Cagayan, which includes the provinces of Isabela and Cagayán, can hardly be exaggerated. It is a common thing for the natives to use their land seven or eight months in a year for tobacco and then to derive two successful crops of corn in the four or five remaining months of the year. There are some very large haciendas owned by tobacco companies, but after Spain ceased to conduct her monopoly of the tobacco business, she divided up much of the tobacco land among the tenants and there are now in both provinces a great number of small holders working their own land, and the great business of the valley is tobacco buy- ing. Tobacco firms are now holding on to the tobacco for a higher price than that which is offered, and there is considerable feeling between the companies and the foreigners. The companies are exceedingly anxious to have Chinese labor admitted because they say that the natives will not labor though offered a peso a day, which is considered very high wages here. (Letter of Governor Taft to Secretary of War, August, 1901.) S. Doc. 280-- 26 402 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. a su Between these ranges lies the great valley of the Grande Riv. of Cagayán, open- ing 80 m. between the extremes of those ranges, on the N. coast of Luzón. The highest summits in the Sierra Madre are Dos Cuernos (Two Horns), 4,008 ft.; Cetáceo, the volcano of Caua, 3,995 ft.; 2 peaks 3,451 and 2,086 ft. high, and 3 peaks overlooking Escarpada, the extreme NE. point of the mainland of Luzon. Inland from Cabicungan Pt. at the extreme W. is a volcano of that name 4,326 ft. high, and following the Cordillera del Norte along the W. bound try is a summit called Cal- vario, 2,149 ft., and Pacsán, in the same mountains, 7,330 ft. high, at the intersection of the boundary between Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur and Cagayán. Between the intervening lower hills are extensive valleys with a calcareous soil. There are about 50 rivers, the most important the Grande de Cagayán, which divides the province from N. to S. into two almost equal parts. Its main tributaries within the province are the Chico de Cagayán, Pinacanauan de Tuguegarao, Maguaris, and Dumundungan. The most important rivers entering on the N. coast are the Pamplona and the stream which empties the Lake Cagayán, a body of water in the extreme NE., 10 m. from NW. to SE. and 6. m. from NE. to SW., and emptying into an inlet on the coast. Another lake 10 m. in length and 2 m. in width lies in the mountains between the Grande de Cagayán and Abra boundary. to two grtant thave vallel Ilocos 2,330 ft. BAYS AND HARBORS. The soundings off the beach along this coast are from 5 to 10 fms. a mile off, and from 4 to 7 fms. at the same distance in the bight of the bay. A number of rivers enter the coast which afford small anchorages. Among them are: Grande de Cagayán; one-third m. wide; 16 ft. can be carried from the bar at the mouth 10 m. upstream; 12 ft. to Lal-ló, 13 m., which is the head of deep-sea nav- igation and from whence the largest quantity of tobacco of the valley is shipped. There is tide to the mouth of the Río Chico tributary, 35 m., to which point 6 ft. of water can be carried. During the rainy season the river is navigable for light-draft vessels for 200 m., the current being swift. At times freshets occur, causing a rise of several feet in a few hours, which renders it unsafe to remain anchored in the stream The tobacco shippers tie their boats to the bank if caught in a freshet, larger vessels being required to go to sea. María Antonia; cove on the extreme NE. coast, S. of Escarpada Pt. Pasumacanan; on the extreme NE. coast, S. of Escarpada Pt. San Vicente; between an island of the same name and Palaui I., and the main- land in the extreme NE. peninsula, 35 m. NE. of Aparri. There are 12 to 15 fms. of water in the main entrance, the anchorage having 7 fms. It has room for 3 or 4 veg- sels and is the only safe typhoon harbor N. of Bolinao. LIGHT-HOUSES. The NE. approach to Luzon from the Pacific is lighted as follows: Aparri; the light stands NW. from town, at mouth of Grande de Cagayán Riv., about 278 yards from the sea, and 1,684 yards from the l. bank of the river. Its position is lat. 18° 23' 50' N., lon. 121° 33' E., having 1 flash every second, 37 ft. above the sea, cylindrical iron tower surmounted by the lantern and the balcony, all painted white and gray. Height of tower 30 ft., visible 13 m. (Position is approxi- mate; keeper's dwelling is near by.) (See Light-houses, p. 110.) Engaño, cape, on summit of hill at N. point of Palaui I. which forms Cape Engaño, lat. 18° 35' N., lon. 122° 06/ E., 1 flash every 30 seconds; 2 flashes in succession; 316 ft. above the sea, tower 47 ft. high, light visible 31 m. (See Light-houses, p. 110.) ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. A wagon road and telegraph line parallel the r. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv. from Aparri to Tuguegarao, at which point it crosses that stream, thence pro- ceeding into Isabela Province, and affords road communication through to Manila. Wagon roads and trails bring the towns of the interior into communication with this main high way. The larger rivers and tributaries are utilized for transportation of tobacco and other products to the coast. The roads which lead from Tuguegarao to Cabagán in Isabela, from Lal-ló to Aparri, from Lal-ló to Alcalá and to Tuguegarao, from Tuguegarao to Carig, from Tuao to Piat, and from Piat to Tabang, are always in good condition and permit of the passage of carriages. Those which unite the other towns with each other can be used only by horses. These paths and roads are impassable during the rainy season. Rivers are crossed by means of bridges of balsaş or rafts, PINACANAUÁN DE TUGUEGARAO RIVER, CAGAYÁN, LUZÓN. IGORROTE HUNTER, WITH RATTAN RAIN COAT. IGORROTE IN RATTAN RAIN COAT. R . AN IGORROTE HOUSE. With roof thatched with grass, and one or two doors but no windows GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 403 Makabalan P1 MINDANAO CAGAYAN ANCHORAGE From a surpeyin December, 1900, by the officers of the U.S.S.Concord, Comdr.H.G.O.Colby, U.S.N.,commanding Wharf Lat. 3'30'(00") N. Long.124:10' (30)E. Co. coral, Mmud. Ş.sand, sit.sof 66 64 162 SAM 144 180 216 30 12 na 138162 210 258 192 Cupola Warehouse 270 180 186 30/66 120 96 60 138 228 186 M 12 240 270 SM 18.! 84 24 42 AM 222 330 18148 162 816222 162 102 204 264 Road to Cagay: 166 102 20 Flagstaff Swamp 36 lood 72 108 18E 144 42102 156 - 138 234 VARIATION.... NEARLY. 792 258 OO.(1900 ..... STATIONARY i 72 168 246 306 96 132 42166 Stakel sft 1747 198 174 72 84 126 TI 192 162 204 288 Dena te 306 132 163 222 138 192 228 282 162 180 10 180 246 og 156 is 234 su Dead tme A 168 264 120 Yards 100 200 300 400 500 500 404 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population of this province is 96,367, estimated 1901, made up of various races, the Aetas or Negritos inhabiting the E. chain of the Sierra Madre Mts. on the Pacific side; the Irayas, the W. side of this chain; the Gaddanes, the country between the Chico and Magat Riv.; the Calingas, between the Río Grande and the Apayao Riv. and Mount Abúlug; the Apayaos, in the great central chain of Luzon; the Itaves, toward the S. of the province; the Calanas, Nabaguyanes, Catalanganes, Ite- tapanes, and Dayadas in the mountain regions; the Guinaanes, in the highest moun- tains between Abra and Cagayán. The Christian natives are called Cagayanes. A number of immigrants from Ilocos are also found. Many of the civilized inhabi- tants are descendants of this race; others come from other races and provinces of the archipelago, and constitute, with the Cagayanes, the nucleus of the population of the towns. The natives are pacific and affable. The following are the dialects spoken: In the vicinity of Tuguegarao, Ibanag; the people of the town speak Itaves, and the Negritos, Idayan or Aeta; on the opposite side of the river from Tuguegarao, in the vicinity of Enrile, Gaddán; in Alcalá, as most of the families constituting the population have immigrated from Ilocos, the Ilocano almost exclusively; in the N. and on the E. branch of the Río Grande, Ibanag, the language of the most cultivated people, and is the same as the Cagayan in many parts of the province; in the hamlets on the W. side of the river, Itaves, Apayao; and Mandaya and Maláneg in the S. part. The division of Cagayán into pueblos and their respective populations according to the census of 1887 was: constitute, wacific and affab the vicinity of or Aeta; on the Alcalá, S spoken; Negritos, Idanrile, Gaddaróm Ilocos, de, Total population, combin- ing residents present and absent, native and Span. ish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 3, 210 2,973 Cagayán: Abúlug ...... Alcalá .... Amúlung.. Aparri ..... Buguey...... Camalaniugan Claveria. Enrile .. Gattaran. Iguig ..... Lal-ló.... Maláneg.. Nagsiping Pamplona Piat....... Santo Niño. Solana....... Tuao Tuguegarao. Sanchez Mira 2,715 592 2, 319 2,199 1,474 473 2, 478 1, 253 1,689 3,177 2, 358 9,977 3,080 3,083 3, 232 3,931 578 2,188 1, 726 2,488 619 2,190 2,095 1, 473 491 2, 451 1,338 1,614 2,910 2, 442 9, 300 6,290 6,056 6, 708 7,620 1, 202 4,194 3,654 5, 203 1, 211 4,509 4,294 2, 947 964 4, 929 2,591 3, 303 6,087 4, 800 19, 277 1896... 2,988 Total. 48, 610 47,229 95, 839 * Organized after 1887. Estimated, 1901, 96,367. There are 22 towns, 180 hamlets, and 143 settlements of the wild races. The fol- lowing are the principal towns (population in 1896 is given): Tuguegarao; the capital, a telegraph station, near the r. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv. and on the main road. Its public square is very large and there are governmental, religious, and many business and residential structures of stone. Pop., 1896, 16, 826. Abúlug; on the N. coast, 15 m. NW. of Aparri. Pop., 1896, 5,580. Alcalá; on the r. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv. and main road, 32 m. S. of Aparri and 19 m. N. of Tuguegarao. Pop., 1898, 5,471, estimated. Amúlung; on the r. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., on the main road and telegraph line, 36 m. S. of Aparri and 151 m. N. of Tuguegarao. Pop., 1887, 6,708. Aparri; on the N. coast, open to coastwise trade and place of call for steamers, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 405 3 m. within the mouth of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., 51 m. N. of Tuguegarao. (See description of this great river under bays and harbors.) Pop., 1896, 11,262. Aparri is bound in the future to be a great city. It is situated at the mouth of the greatest water- way in the archipelago, which will become the highway for all the products of an enormously rich valley, which has now hardly been touched. The first thing we shall do after reaching Manila is to make provision for the purchase of a dredge to make a respectable harbor inside the mouth of the river, which would, by clearing a way three or four sand bars up the river, make it navigable for steamers like those on the Mississippi Riv. for nearly 200 miles. Then, we must buy at least one flat-bottom side-wheel steamer to make communication on the river regular. (Letter of Governor Taft to the Secretary of War, August, 1901.) Buguey; on the N. coast, 14 m. SE. of Aparri. Pop., 1898, 1,120, estimated. Camalaniugan; on the r. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., 5 m. above Aparri, connected by road. Pop., 1898, 4,198, estimated. Clavería; on the N. coast at the mouth of the Cabicungan Riv., 3 m. E. of Ilocos Norte boundary, 36 m. WNW. of Aparri. Pop., 1898, 4,641, estimated. Enrile; near 1. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., near the crossing of the main road and telegraph, 53 m. SSW. of Tuguegarao. Pop., 1898, 7,000. Gattaran; on the r. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv. and on the main road, 21 m. S. of Aparri. Pop., 1896, 805. Iguig; on the r. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riy, and a military road and tele- graph station, 44 m. S. of Aparri and 10 m. N. of Tuguegarao. Pop., 1898, 4,000, estimated. Lal-ló; on the r. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., 11 m. above Aparri, connected by road and telegraph. Pop., 1896, 5,409. Linao; on the l. bank at the mouth of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., 4 m. NW. of Aparri. Maláneg; on the l. bank of the Chico de Cagayán Riv., 29 m. NE. of Tuguegarao. Nagsíping; on the r. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv. opposite the mouth of the Chico de Cagayán Riv. tributary on the main road and telegraph line, 33 m. S. Pamplona; on the 1. bank of the river of the same name, emptying on the N. coast, 22 m. WNW. of Aparri. Pop., 1898, 2,404. Piat; a military station on the r. bank of the Chico de Cagayán Riv., 19 m. NE. of Tuguegarao. Pop., 1898, 2,716, estimated. Sánchez Mira; pop., 2,998. Santo Niño; a military station on the r. bank of the Chico de Cagayán Riv., 58 m. above its confluence with the Grande de Cagayan Riv. Pop., 2,891. Solana; on the l. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., 2. m. NE. of Tuguegarao. Pop., 5,578. Taban; on the r. bank of the Chico de Cagayán Riv., 17 m. NW. of Tuguegarao. Tuao; in Itaves district, 18 m. NW. by W. of Tuguegarao. Pop., 1896, 4,986. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. There are few islands off the Pacific shores of Cagayán toward the E. and but few off the N. coast as follows: sq.m. Cabo (Islas. de) or Big Laja; largest and most N. of 2 islands NE. of Cape Engaño, Cagayan, waters are from 50 to 67 ft. deep...... Escucha; high, wooded island seen beyond Roña I. from W. through E. entrance off extreme NE. coast of Cagayán, Luzon, between Escarpada Pt. and Engaño Cape. Hermanos (Los); off Engaño Cape, Palaui I., NE. coast of Cagayán, Luzón ... "Twin Sisters;" 2 rocks off Palaui I., extreme NE. coast of Cagayán, Luzón; larger and most N. is į m. in diameter and m. from Cape Engaño. Palaui; off extreme NE. peninsula of Cagayán, Luzón; is 6 m. in extent, moderately elevated, and lies contiguous to NW. point of promontory which form NE. extremity of Luzón; point of San Vicente is formed between this island and coast; off point are "Twin Sisters" rocks....... Roña I.; low, wooded island, with base of sand and rock off Palaui I., and prominent landmark. Eight dependent islands, total area . VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The 600 bales, vattes. The oine cultiva The most valuable product of this province is tobacco, the annual export of which is 300,000 bales, valued at upward of $1,000,000. The finest quality is produced in the vicinity of Itaves. The other staples are rice, corn, and nipa. Owing to the large employment of labor in the cultivation of tobacco much rice and other food stuffs are imported. 406 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MINERALS. But little attention has been paid to the investigation of the mineral possibilities of the mountain region. Copper mines are being worked in the volcanic chain of Magnipit. There are stone quarries in the vicinity of the larger towns. FORESTS. Some fine forests are found in this province. The principal woods are camalayed, brenga, pamalalian, and afin, which are employed in the construction of small boats, molave, ipil, narra, camagón, cedro, ébano, palo maría, and others, which are employed in the construction of houses and furniture. A small quantity of these woods is transported to the towns by means of dragging with carabaos to the rivers or creeks, from whence it is floated in rafts or barangayes to destination. transported to thion of houses and fano: palo maría, and othstruction of sm FRUITS. The pineapple, oranges, lemons, and other fruits of the N. portion of Luzon grow abundantly. INDUSTRIES. The mechanical industries are well represented, including weaving of fabrics used for clothing, the manufacture of mats from Buri, rice milling, salt making, distilla- tion of wine from nipa, blacksmiths, and carpenter shops. In the raising of live stock recent figures show 32,000 carabaos, 31,000 cattle, 14,000 hogs, and 13,000 horses. Along the coast are a number of fishing settlements. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. In May, 1899, the U.S. S. Concord, after a reconnoissance of the N. coast of Luzón, anchored off the town of A parri, and took formal possession. The military garrisons of Cagayán province February 15, 1902, were: Abúlug, Aparri, a $ Tuguegarao. Alcalá, Ilagan, CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The provisions of the provincial government act” of February 6, 1901, and amendments thereto were extended by enactment of the Philippine Commission August 22, 1901, to that territory in the island of Luzon known as the province of Cagayán, and including the Batanes and Babuyanes Is., lying to the N. of Luzón. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. Governor.. $1,800 Secretary 1, 300 Treasurer. 2,100 Supervisor 1,700 Fiscal ...... 1, 300 Allowance for necessary and actual expenses not exceeding $3 per day as pre- scribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities to meet and organize on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October to consider improvements needed in the province, and for other purposes prescribed by law. CONDITIONS. «The municipal elections which have just been held have allowed me to appreciate the general enthusiasm of the province. * * * I was splendidly received in all the municipalities which I visited as the representative of the Government for the purpose of organizing the pueblos under the municipal code. The people understand the benefits which they derive from the right to vote, and the enthusiasm increased when, after and before the elections, I explained the importance of the municipal offices, the sovereignty of the people, and the liberal and instructive provisions of the code, as the eloquent proof of the good wishes of America toward the Philip- pines. * * * * Telegraph. $ Post-office. Breake TRUE Ligao Varian LINO RIVER PHILIPPINE ISLANDS LUZON, NORTE COAST CAGAYAN RIVER ENTRANCE APARRI Scale 10 Reconnaissance by the US. Coast and Geodene Survey March 190 Order soundings from sketch meblished by D. Sydrographic Office Soutdinge in font Tidos Caution Goographical Position ardo THE NORR PETERS CFHOTO-UTHO, WASHINGTON DC Cagayan Riv. Entrance U.S.C.&GS Manilo Sub-Office Advance point March 1901 No.4242 S Doc 2.80 57 1 PHILIPPINE ISLANDS SULU SEA Cinapusan CAGAYAN SULU AND ADJACENT ISLANDS From a British Survey in 1871 Obs. Spot + lat.7:0.38 x Long, 1189 28.55 E HWF&C.at Lapon lam Anch. Xh00m. Springs rise 720 Nenps3 SOUNDINOS IN FATHOMS HEIGHTS IN FEET Underlined rigu in the water in brackets, thus (48 indrette che haght, above the plane of high water of the adjacent island or rock bek. brokeral.coval.fm, wgrym mu rock...and shells sh.co.w.whe Beurings are true Nuncal Miles Bintut Bir Bintat Bola 35 6 Mandab 73 MOO 30 25 wo ( G 1830) 18 18 . 19 Archi(see plan No:1830) 1710 Tanjong Bang * Nangi Tave Taro plopianbalar Von Buling han . I Ormus Piroma Tanjang Tavo Tavu s 27 12 15 Tebuliaji TOO C A G A Y A 38 Spring Obs.Spot I Saput S.W.Asichorage is S..37 15 48 85 L. Jiwata 15 JL.Singunn 15 Tanjong Tando tuo View 50 2 10 Jo 30 36 Willcoa Bk. SATI Os 09 0 80 06 NEAR RLY SI (232) 25 31 40 risotto 2930 Muligi Is . 203 d THE NORRIS PETERS CO.PHOTO-LITHO, WASHINGTON, DC. S Doch 80.57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 407 “In the municipalities which have American teachers the schools are assiduously visited by children and grown-up people, not only of the pueblo, but of the neigh- boring pueblos which have no American teachers, and the latter are begging the superintendent of instruction to provide such teachers. Such is the general state of peace and tranquility in the province. “The inhabitants are busy with their usual occupations, which are mostly agricul- tural," (Official report of provincial governor, December, 1901.) CAGAYÁN (cah-gah-yahn'), nat.; river 14 m. SE. of Abúlug, Cagayán. (See Grande de Cagayan Riv.) - lake in NE. region of province of that name, Luzon, with length of 10 m. by 7 m, in width. river in NE. Misamis, Mindanao, which enters head of Macajalar Bay on N. coast. Above its mouth 6 m.is Cagayan de Misamis, capital of province of that name. Owing to bar with but 6 ft. at low water town is only accessible to native crafts; depth, however, is greater during rainy season as river pours out an immense quantity of water. Anchorage for larger vessels is m, BO NE. of mouth of river. -- most S., largest, and name island of Caga- yanes group in Sulu Sea, off SW. coast of Negros Occidental. CAGAYÁN, GRANDE DE (grahn'-day day cah-gah- yahn'), Hisp.; called Tajo by Spaniards, hold- ing first place among rivers of Luzon on ac- count of its length and volume. Compared with rivers of archipelago it is second to none, unless it be Grande Riv., Mindanao. It drains region between W. Caraballos, Sierra Madre, and S. Caraballos, having its source on N. slope of S. Caraballos to E. of starting point of Mamparan Mt. range, taking NE. direc- tion; after receiving waters from E. slope of Mamparan range and from W. slope of Sierra Madre, it continues in same general direction for distance of 60 m. until it reaches Tumau- ini about half of its course, having received on its 1, bank, in neighborhood of Gamú, CAGAYÁN, GRANDE DE-Continued. largest of its affluents, river Magat. Passing by Ilagan and Tumauini, it continues in N, direction, and having, with great windings, fertilized districts of Cabagán Nuevo, Iguig, Amúlung, Alcalá, Gattaran, and Lal-lo, it reaches, in a broad and navigable current, town of Aparri, located near its mouth, where it empties into China Sea on N. coast of Lu- zón. Numerous tributaries pour into Caga- yán on both sides, Magat, Bangag or Chico, and Siffú or Sibbú emptying onl. bank. From W. slope of Sierra Madre descend other tributaries of Cagayan, on its r. bank; princi- pal being Disabungan, Ditulay, Catalangan, Tarretic, Masagan, Pinacanauan de Tumau- ini, Pinacanauan de Cabagan, and Pinaca- nauan de Tuguegarao. They are all short, longest not exceeding 30 m. (See Valley of the Cagayan in description of Cagayan Province.) CAGAYÁN DE MISAMIS (cah-gah-yahn' day mee- sah'-mees), Hisp.; capital of Misamis, Min- danao, on river and pueblo same name, 6 m. above its entrance on S. shore of Macajalar Bay. Small vessels can ascend river to town. Large amount of trade is carried on by native craft with various towns not only on adjacent bays, but along N. coast of Minda- nao and across channel by way of Camiguin I. to Bohol and other S. islands of Visayan grp. Post-office and money-order station. Pop., 1898, 9,405. Placer gold is found in ad- jacent mountain range on E. and S. Anchor- age in bay is m. to NE. of mouth of river and is well sheltered except from N. to W. Another anchorage is near Vantay Pt. CAGAYAN SULU (GROUP), SULU SEA. (Cah-gah-yahn' soo'-loo, nat.) Chief town: Cagayan Sulu, Lapun Lapun Anchorage, lat. 7° 2 N., lon. 118° 32 E. Area: 463 sq. m. Population: 250. Race: Malay-Moro. Language: Moro-Suluano. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. m. 112 Table of distances. Cagayan Sulu to Balábac, Balábac I...... Manila, Luzón.... Puerto Princesa, Palawan Siasi, NW. shore of Lubuc Bay, nearest land of Borneo .. Sulu, Sulu I..... Tawi Tawi, Sulu A. 5385 188 65 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The group (Cagayán Sulu I.) lies in the Sulu Sea 95 m. SW. of the angle of lat. 7° 40' N., lon. 119° 35' E., boundary under the treaty of cession to the United States. About midway between Palawan on the NW. and the Sulu Archipelago on the SE. British Borneo, Lubuc Bay, is 65 m. SSW. AREA. The group comprises 14 islands, Cagayan Sulu having 43 out of the 464 sq. m. of the entire land surface. 408 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The islands are both volcanic and coral, their greatest elevation being 1,105 ft. Cagayán Sulu, the largest of the group, has three distinct peaks. Its structure and vegetation are picturesque as well as scientifically interesting. (See Cagayán Sulu I.) There are also two peculiar lakes, one of fresh and the other of salt water, separated by a very narrow natural breast. At the changing of the monsoons there is a good deal of wet weather on the islands and the temperature is comparatively low during cloudy days. BAYS AND HARBORS. The only anchorage in the group is Lapun Lapun, on the NW. shore of the main island. At no point in the vicinity is there less depth than 4 to 9 fms. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The main island has several trails to points from the anchorage to the S. coast, but intercourse is generally had by native boat. POPULATION AND TOWNS. Washingtonipelago lyings of Cagay The only inhabited island of the group is Cagayán Sulu, the others being resorted to by native craft. The inhabitants are a seafaring race of Moro blood, their language being Suluano and Malay. These islands were formerly a dependency of Sulu. Becoming independent, they were governed by half-breed Arabs descended from early Mohammedan marauders of these seas. Cagayán Sulu was colonized originally from Sulu, the date being uncertain. The United States of America and Spain, desiring to remove any ground of misunderstanding growing out of the interpretation of the treaty of peace, appointed plenipotentiaries who met at Washington and agreed upon an article in which Spain relinquished to the United States, by treaty signed at Washington November 7, 1900, all title to any and all islands belonging to the Phil- ippine Archipelago lying outside the lines described in Article III of that treaty, and particularly to the islands of Cagayán Sulu and Sibutu and their dependencies, and agreed that all such islands shall be comprehended in the cession of the archipelago as fully as if they had been expressly included within those lines. In consideration of this cession the United States allowed to Spain the sum of $100,000 as a gratuity for Cagayan Sulu and Sibutu and dependent islands. Ratifications advised by the Senate January 22, 1901; ratified by the President January 30, 1901; ratified by Spain February 25, 1901; ratifications exchanged at Washington March 23, 1901; proclaimed March 23, 1901. This diminutive group in the SW. corner of the Sulu Sea, away from the routes of commerce and overlooked in the description of the lines of boundary by the treaty of peace with Spain, has been the subject of much interesting scientific and descriptive literature. (See Cagayán Sulu I.) DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The islands of the Cagayán Sulu group are as follows: sq. m. Bintut ..... Bisu Bintut.. Bisu Bohan. Bohan ...... Cagayán Sulu... Cinapuran .... Green.......... Lapun Lapun Mandah Muligi (2).. Pomelikan... Tanjong Tavo Tavo South ...... Total. Max 463 PRODUCTS. The main island is covered with forests in the interior. The fruits of the latitude are abundant. The shores and smaller islands are a mass of mangrove. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 409 INDUSTRIES. Fishing and turtle catching, the shell forming an article of barter, together with the forest products of cocoanuts and cocoanut oil, and a limited cultivation of yams, rice, tobacco, etc., to meet the wants of the sparse population, are the industries. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The group has not been formally garrisoned. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. In the earlier days of Spanish jurisdiction it formed part of the Sulu Archipelago in the Balanguingui group, then more comprehensive than now, but later, for con- venience of administration, it was assigned to the Balábac group, from which island it lies 112 m. to the SE., this being more convenient as to distance, which is 158 m. from Tawi Tawi to the NW. No local municipal government has been established. CAGAYÁN SULU (cah-gah-yahn' soo-loo), nat.; | CAGAYÁN SULU-Continued. largest island of Cagayánagrp.; its geographical In cocoanut groves was found brilliant star- position ata spring on Sw.shore, being lat.7° 0' ling (Calornis panayensis, Scop.), with blood- 38'' E., lon. 118° 26' 55" E., 8 m. E. avd W. and red iris and plumage of metallic green inter- 5 m. N. and S., or 43 sq. m. Interior is hilly, spersed with violet. On beach were large rising to 3 peaks, highest, Mt. Leban, reach numbers of blue-and-white kingfishers; tiny ing 1,105 ft. on E. side and thence falling lorikeets fed on figs and other fruits, while to sea. Is thinly populated and has favor Arachnotheras searched the corollas for heav- able soil and climate. Hemp-palm, tobacco, ily blossomed trees for their insect prey. sugar cane, yams, bananas, fruit, and vegeta- There was great wealth of ferns and epi. bles are raised. Inhabitants, however, de phytes. Among flowering plants jessamine, pend largely upon fish and rice from Palawan, which, while resembling our own, appeared which they exchange for cocoanuts and oil. larger and to have more fragrant flowers; There are few horses and bullocks and abun mussaenda, with striking white bracts, con- dance of fowls. Copious spring at landing trasted with green foliage; also abundance place of SW. anchorage and inside crater of orange flowers in their season. Island lake on S. side of island furnishes good water. suffered greatly from Moro pirates as late (See Cagayan Sulu grp.) Accounts given as 1863, their stronghold being among laby- by scientists and navigators represent group, rinth of shoals on S. of Tawi Tawi I. and especially island, as possessing many at After much difficulty Spaniards put end tractions. Admiral Keppel, of English navy, to their depredations. Only trade of island who visited Cagayán Sulu, 1847, says: “This is in cocoanut oil. Soil, which is extremely island, from its size and population, is next fertile, would be suitable for raising cotton, in importance to Sulu itself. Scenery is per tobacco, coffee, cacao, and sugar. Women fection of tropical beauty, with sufficient cul perform greater part of agricultural work, tivation to redeem it from appearance of men being engaged in fishing, managing wildness." Capt. Sir Edward Belcher men their dugout canoes with great dexterity. tions, on S. side of Cagayan Sulu, circular They also make use of rafts constructed out inlet of very deep water, entrance to which of large bamboos wrapped together in form is by gap 50 yds. wide, but cut off by bank of not seen elsewhere. Among crowns of palm coral which admits little of anything larger trees, 40 or more ft. above, may be seen innu- than canoe. Inside is magnificent circular merable little sunbirds, with their bright lake of blue water, 3 m. in circumference, metallic-colored violet plumage, which is completely encircled by perpendicular sand also found in greater part of Malaysia. (See stone cliffs upward of 200 ft. in height, coy Cagayan Sulu grp.) ered with trees and shrubs. Says the Admiral, "Nothing can be more beautiful than growth CAGAYANCILLO (cah-gah - yahn - theel-lyaw), of jungle trees of every description, their Hisp.; island in Cagayanes grp., Sulu Sea, off trunks and branches covered with endless SW. coast of Negros Occidental. variety of beautiful creepers in brilliant blos - pueblo in Antique, Panay. Pop., 3,000. soms, hanging in festoons to very water's edge.” Overhead flew numerous pigeons, CAGAYANES (cah-gah-yah'-nays), Hisp.; group while on shores were parrots of every hue. of 7 small islands Cagayán, Amiling. Bum- From height of about 90 ft. this same party bung, Cagayancillo, Calusa, Mandonai, and discovered another lake similar to first, sepa- Manucan--and several islets in waters of Sulu rated by sort of natural sandstone wall, in Sea, 63 m. SW. of Naso Pt., extrenie SW. land which water was perfectly fresh, inner lake of Panay, and 70 m. W. of Matatindoc Pt., W. being 50 ft. higher than outward, English coast of Negros Occidental, between lat. 9° 30' traveler St. John was also charmed with N. and 100 N., lon. between 121° 03' E. and beauty of island, which he characterized as 121° 23' E. Group lies in SW, approach to "gem of the ocean," with 3 wooded peaks cov- channel betweon Panay and Negros, which ered with cocoanut and fruit trees, revealing divides into Iloilo Strait on NW. and Gui- scattered houses and villages. Guillemard, marás Strait on SE., island of latter namelying naturalist of cruise of the Marchesa, speaks of between Islands are generally low, Calusa, inner lake, which he regarded as extinct one of the smallest being 60 feet high. Sea in volcano, highest elevation on its shores being vicinity ranges from 100 to 1,000 fms. depth. 1,100 ft. The mat-shed houses are shaded in Immediately N. of group is the Sultana Bank, groves of bananas, cocoanut, jack fruit, and which shoals in some places to 21 fms. and is durian trees. There was but little agricul dangerous to navigation. ture, although yams, sweet potatoes, and CAGBABÁNAG (cag-bah-bah-nag), ver.; hamlet tapioca were grown. Islanders preferred to live on fruit and fish, latter being caught in near N. shore of Sámar. large numbers by native coasters. Number of | CAGBÁBING (cag-bah'-beeng), ver.; mountain in birds and insects as to species was not large. SW. Leyte. 410 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CAGBALISAY (cag-bah-lee'-si), ver.; point on W. I CAGUA (cah'-gwah), ver.; mountain (volcano) shore of Albay Bay, Albay, Luzón. 2,086 ft. high in N. extremity of Gran Cor- - island N. of Ambos Camarines, Luzón. dillera Oriental, 11 m. SW. of Iligan Pt., NE. coast of Cagayán, Luzón, 13 m. S. of Es- CAGBANLIO (cag-bahn' lyoh); islet on S. coast of carpada Pt., forming landmark of approach Sámar, lat. 11° 03° 031' N. for navigators from E. CAGBANÓ (cag-bah-noh'), ver.; mountain in S. CAGUÁIT (cah-gwah'-eet), ver.; town on E. shore Leyte, 8 m. W. of Sógod Nuevo. of Surigao, Mindanao, SE. of Lambillón Pt., CAGBATAN (cag-bah'-tahn), ver.; islet S. of E. 80 m. SE. of Surigao. end of Usón I., S. coast of Busuanga I., Ca CAGÚAN (cah-goo'-ahn), nat.; point and river to lamianes grp., between Mindoro and Pala SE. on NW. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of wan. Zambales, Luzón. CAGBIVI (cag-bee'-vee), ver.; hamlet in Ambos - inlet and river in Zambales, Luzon. Camarines (Sur), Luzon, on 1. bank of Naga I CAGUAYAN (cah-goo-ah'-yahn), ver.; port and Riy., 6 m. E. by N. of Nueva Cáceres. point in Sorsogón, Luzón. CAGBONGA (cag-bong'-ah), nat.; hamlet 4 m. W. CAGUBATAN (cah-goo-bah'-tahn), ver.; hamletin of Borongan in E. Sámar. CAGBONLIÓ (cahg-bohn-liew'), nat.; island 4 m. Lepanto, Luzon, 4 m. SE. of Cayán. Pop., 114. CAGUGCURAN (cah-goog-coo'-rahn), ver.; hamlet NW. of Higoso Pt., S. coast Sámar, Visayas. in Cápiz, Panay, 9 m. SW. of Tapas. CAGBUBÚRAC (cag-boo-boo'-rack), ver.; hamlet CAGUNAN (cah-goo'-nun), ver.; town in former on E. coast of Sámar, 3 m. SE. of Tubig. comandancia of Amburayan, Ilocos Sur, CAGCANASAN (cag-cah-nah'-sahn), ver.; hamlet Luzón. in Sw. of Abra, Luzón, 18 m. S. of Bangued. CAGÚRAI (cah-goo'-rye), nat.: point at N. head CAGDULLON (cag-doo-lyawn), ver.; island 7 m. of Lalauigan Bay, on Mindoro side of channel W. by N. of Catbalogan, off w.coast of Sámar. between mainland and Ilin I. CAGNÚRAO (cahg-doo'-rah-oo), nat.; village on CAHABAJAN (cah-hah-bah'-hahn); village in N. shore of Candolú I., opposite Salangan vil pueblo of Calinog, Iloilo, Panay. lage on Leleboón I., S. of Calicoan I., off ex CAHAYAGAN (cah-hah-yah'-gahn), nat.; island treme SE. coast of Sámar, Visayas. 13 by 1 m., N. of Lagúan I., forming W. line CAGHÁLONG (cag-hah'-long), ver.; hill on E. of entrance to Palápag port, off N. shore of coast of Sámar, few miles inland, between Sámar. Owing to dangerous reef 3 m. W. mouths of Ulut and Matinao Riv. breakers can be seen 5 m. On NW. point lies Rocky Islet. - hamlet in one of E. sources of Pagsaban Riv. CÁHOY (cah'-hoy), nat.; village on SW. shore of Calicoan I., off extreme SE. coast of Sámar, CAGMANA (cag-mah-nah), ver.; hanılet onl. bank of Naga Riv. in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Visayas, # m. N. of Cabanian Pt. Luzón, 5 m. NW. of Nueva Cáceres. CAHUAYAN (cah-hwah'-yahn), nat.; point on NE. coast Parasán I., off W. coast Sámar, CAGMIPIS (cag-mee-pees'), ver.; hamlet on W. fronting Catbalogan. coast of Sámar at mouth of Sambugtun Riv., 6 m. NW. of Weyler. -- mountain in Lepanto, Luzón. CAGNÍPAO (cag-nee'-pah-oo )ver.; hamlet on W. CAHÚIT (cah-hoo-eet), ver.; island off E. shore of San Miguel Bay opposite Tinambog, in coast of Sámar. Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. CAGÔ (cah-gaw'), ver.; S. of Bancol Bay, 4 m. CAIBAÁN (cah-ee-bah-ahn'), nat.; mountain 9 m. S. of Camboloton bluff, E. coast of Concep- ción, Iloilo, Panay. E. of Hindang, in SW. Leyte. CAIBABO (cah-ee-bah'-baw), Tag.; point on sea- CAGOCÔ (cah-gaw-caw'), ver.; mountain in SE. coast of Bataan, Luzón. Bohol, Visayas, 2 m. NW. of Duero. CAIBAGO (cah-ee-bah'-gaw), nat.; mountain iu CAGOG (cah-gawg'), ver.; point in island of Lug- W. central Sámar, N. of Dinagán peak. bung, NW. Romblon, Visayas. CAIBIRAN (cah-ee-beel-rahn), ver.; pueblo on CAGONCÓN (cah-gawn-cawn'), ver.; river in S. Daram channel, E. coast of Biliran İ., opposite Albay, Luzón, flowing sw. unites with Don- Sámar, at mouth of Mapulá Riv., 10 m. NE. sol in lat. 13° 1' 50" N., which empties into of Biliran, across island. It carries impor- sea on Sw.coast near the boundary with Sor tant interisland and Manila trade. Pop. sogón. of pueblo, 1898, 4,153 (estimated). CAGOSOAN (cah-gaw-saw-ahn), ver.; point at ex- - mountain in SE. Sámar. treme NE. end of SE, sea front of Homonhon CAIBUNA (ky-boo'-nah), nat.; point extreme E. or Malhón I., SW. of extreme SE. end of Ambil I., Lúbang Is., NW. of Mindoro. Sámar. CAICALLAC (ky-cah-lyack'), nat.; small bay SW. CAGPOG (cag-pawg'), ver.; point in E. island of shore Ambil I., Lubang Is., NW. of Mindoro. Marinduque. point, N. head of bay of same name, SW. shore Ambil I., Lubang Is., NWo Mindoro. CAGSACALA (cag-sah-cah-lah), ver.; hill on S. bank of Ulut Riv., E. Sámar, 11 m. above its CAICAYÁN (cah-ee-cah-yahn'), ver.; river in S. mouth, Cagayán, Luzón. CATHOLO (ky-hoh-loh), nat.; range with 9 de- CAGSAUAA, or DARAGA (cag-sah-wah-ah, dah- fined peaks on SW. shore of Ulugan Bay, W. rah'-gah), nat.; pueblo in Albay, Luzón, 13 coast of Palawan, near S. boundary of Par- m. W. of Albay; lies in midst of fine hemp agua. growing district. The former town on sides - river emptying on SW. shore of Ulugan of Mayon volcano higher up than Daraga, Bay, W. coast of Paragua, near boundary be- its successor, was destroyed in eruption of 1841 and rebuilton site of then hamlet of Daraga. tween it and Moro Palawan, at N. end of range of same name. Pop., 1896, 22,186. - mountain in range of same name near - volcano N. of Albay in Albay, Luzón. boundary between Paragua and Moro or S. CAGTÀ (cag-tah'), ver.; tributary of Ulut Riv, in Palawan. E. Sámar. CAÍMA (cah-ee'-mah), ver.; creek in Ambos Ca- marines, Luzón. CAGTOAGAN (cag-twah'-gahn), ver.; tributary CAIMÁN (cah-ee-mahn'), Sp., bay between Sa- from E. of Bolinog Riv., Albay, Luzón. boon I. and Bantuin or Galvaney Pt., 8 m. to CAGTONG (cag-tong'), ver.; hamlet on SE. coast SE., on E. coast of Ragay Gulf, Ambos Ca- of Bohol, Visayas, 41 m. SE. of Candijay. marines (Sur), Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 411 CAIMÁN; bay in W. Palawan. | CAJIDIOCAN; village and point on E. central - point in Zambales, Luzón. shore of Sibuyan I., of Romblon grp., Visayas. (Also Casidiocan.) CAIMANERA (ky-mah-nay-rah), Sp.; village on NE. point of Bongao I., Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu CAJOAGAN (cah-hwah'-gahn), nat.; island off N. A., opposite Sangá Sangá I. on N. and Papa- coast of Sámar, near Cabauan Grande, in ap- hag I. on E. proach of Catarman N. M.]. CAIMANES (cah-ee-mah'-nays), Sp.; tributary of - island 7 m. off N. coast of Samar, opposite Grande Riv. of Mindanao, entering that Mondragón. stream 8 m. above Cotabato, Mindanao. Is CAJONSON (cah-hon-sawn'). ver.; E. branch of also called Libungan. headwaters of Donsol Riv. in Albay, Luzón. CAINALANAN (ky-nah-lah'-nahn); rock off S. CAJULUGAN (cah-hoo-loo'-gahn); hamlet in shore of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, in Misamis, Mindanao. Lagonoy Bay. CAKUB (cah-koob'), ver.; port about 100 yds. in CAINGÍN (kine-heen') hamlet in pueblo of Hago width at entrance, on SW. coast of Siargao I., noy, Bulacan, Luzon. off NE. coast Surigao, Mindanao. Coast be- CAINGUÍN (cah-eeng-een'), nat.; point on E. coast tween Dapá inlet and this port is mass of of Panaón I., SE. of Leyte. rock, dry at low water. There is anchor- age in front of entrance to port. CAINOG (cah-ee-nog'), ver.; hamlet in extreme SE. part of Albay, Luzón, 37 m. SE. of Albay. CÁKUT (cah'koot), ver.; hamlet on W. coast of Siargao I., off NE. coast of Surigao, Minda- CAINTA (cah-een-tah'), Tag.; pueblo in NW. cor- nao, S. of Sápao; group of low islands and ner of Rizal (Mórong), Luzon, near Pasig Riv., several rocks lie off this part of coast. outlet of Laguna de Bay, and on main road along bay shore 19 m. to Mórong or 10 m. CALAÁN (cah-lah-ahn'), ver.; point in Sorsogón, across country, W. by N. from same point. Luzon. CALAÁSAG (cah-lah-ah'-sag), ver.; stream empty- -- river emptying into Pasig Riv., 3 m. below ing into San Pedro Bay, E. Leyte, at Dutag. the Laguna de Bay outlet, Rizal, Luzon. CALABA (cah-lah'-bah), nat.; hamlet 1 m. N. of CAIRAMÁN (ki-rah-mahn'), ver.; river in island Bangued, in Abra, Luzón. of Panay. - hamlet on main road and l. bank of Grande CAIRANAN (ki-rah -nahn), ver.; mountain in de la Pampanga Riv., in Nueva Ecija, Luzon. Antique, Panay, 9 m. E. of Tibiao. - island in entrance to Laguimanoc Bay, CAIRILAO (ky-ree-lah'-00); mountain of Batan off S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. gas, Luzón, in pueblo of Nasugbu. CALABADIÁN, or TAYTAY (cah-lah-bah-dee-ahn', CAISABO (ki-sah'-baw), Tag.; river in Cavite, tie-tie'), ver.; southernmost of islands front- Luzon. ing Taytay Bay, 1 m. N. of Icadambanauan, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. CAISIAN, or COLLINSON (ki-see'-ahn), ver.; SE. and smallest 3; m. in circumference of group CALABAGO (cah-lah-bah'-gaw), ver.; point in E. of 4 islands and several smaller ones, 5 m. E. Romblon, Visayas. of Maytiaguid I., off NE. coast of Paragua, CALABALLO (cah-lah-bah'-lyoh). port on W. Palawan, Settlement of same name is on coast of Sámar, lat. 12° 30' N. SW. shore. - hamlet on shore of port of same name, W. CAITAMBO (ky-tahm'-boh); river in Cavite, coast of Sámar. Luzón, rising in Cordilleras of interior, which CALABANGA, or CALABANGAN (cah-lah-bang'- divide province from Batangas; takes NNE. ah, cah-lah-bahn'-gahn), ver.; pueblo 3 m. direction, uniting with Natumpisan, which inland from S. shore of San Miguel Bay, in flows across pueblo of Indang and empties Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 71 m. N. by into sea at that point. E. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop. of pueblo, 5,704. CAITAN (ky'-tahn); river in Cavite, Luzón, ris - river rising in E. slopes of Sierra Madre ing in mountains which separate that proy- and flowing into Ragay Bay, Luzon. ince from Batangas; taking northerly direc- tion divides into 2 arms, E. uniting with Lim- CALABAZA (cah-lah-bah'-thah), Sp.; hamlet in bón and W. forming affluent of Patillo and crossing pueblo of Indang, emptying into -point at extreme N. land of Basilan I., S. sea. of Zamboanga, Mindanao, narrowest part of CAITINGA (ky-teen'-gah); river of Batangas, Lu- Basilan Strait, of which it is important land- zón; rising at foot of Butulao Mt. joins Mala- mark; is also headland of approach to Isabela liuanag and crosses and empties into sea in to SW. pueblo of Lian. CALABAZAS (cah-lah-bah'-thas), Sp.; 2 islets of CAITITINGAN (ky-tee-teen'-gahn); riverof Cavite, little height and extent, S. of Sal islets and 3 Luzón, a tributary of Sinaliao and following m. off SE. coast of Panay. along SW. boundary between Cavite and --- narrow islet 1 m. long at opening of bay on Batangas, empties into sea in pueblo of Guimarás Strait, S. coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay. CAITINJA (ki-teen-hah'). Tag.. hamlet in Cavite | CALABOGA (cah-lah-boh'-gah), nat.; point on E. Luzón, 28 m. SW. of Cavite. coast of Romblon, Visayas, Nw. of Romblon. CAIUJA (kah-you-hah), nat., point extreme NE. | CALABOSO, or LUSAN (cal-lah-boh'-soh, loo'- sahn), nat.; river of Laguna, Luzón, rises lat. 14° 15' N. and taking N. course passing to E. CAIUVA (cah-you'-vah), nat.: point extreme SE. of Vinang, empties into Laguna de Bay. Ambil I., Lubang Is., NW. of Mindoro. CALABOZO (cah-lah-boh'-thoh), Sp.; port on CAIVIRAN (ky-veel-rahn); point on E. shore of Pagapas Bay, on SW. side of Balayán Bay, Panaón I., SE. of Leyte. CAJAGUAÁN (cah-hah-gwah-ahn'), ver.; port and CALABÚCAY (cah-lah-boo'-kí), ver.; islet midway pueblo on SW. coast of Leyte, 72 m. SW. by S. between N. point of Paly I., NW. of Dumarán of Tacloban and 20 m. NE. of mainland of I. and E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Bohol. Pop., 260. - small bay SW. coast of Leyte at the town CALABUCTUNGAN (cah-lah - book-toong'-ahn). of the same name. nat.; group of 2 islets between N. point of Tacbolo and headland on E. side of Inner CAJIDIOCAN (cah-hee - dee-aw' - cahn), ver.; Strait to Malampaya Sound, W. coast of pueblo in Romblon, Visayas. Pop., 3,636. Paragua, Palawan. 412 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CALACÃ (cah-lah-cah'). Tag.: pueblo 23 m. NW. from Batangas, in province of that name, Luzón, on road to Balayán, NW. shore of bay of that name. Pop. of pueblo, 8,288. CALÁCAI (cah-lah'-ky), nat.; point forming S. head to Butulan cove, SE. coast of Davao, Mindanao. Good anchorage and fresh water. CALACLAN (cah-luck-lahn'), nat.; S. summit 354 ft. high and river emptying at point of same name on NE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. - point on NE. shore of Subic Bay, in Zam- bales, Luzón. CALADAN (cah-lah'-dahn), ver.; point in Zam- bales, Luzón. CALADANGA (cah-lah-dang'-ah), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, 11 m. SE. of Bangued. CALADIÁS (cah-lah-dee-ahs'), ver.; mountain in S. central range of Negros, 18 m. WSW. of Du- maguete. CALADÍS (cah-lah-dees'), ver.; mountain on tongue of land between Dumanquilas Bay on E., Port Sibulan, inlet on SW. side of same bay, and on S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. CALADMAN (cah-lud'-mahn), ver.; point in island of Cebú. CALAGAÁN (cah-lah-gah-ahn'), nat.; mountain in E. central Bohol, 5 m. ENE. of Sierra Bu- llones. CALAGATÚAN (cah-lah-gah-too'-ahn), ver.; ham- let on E. shore of Sámar, 1 m. S. of Borongan. CALAG-CALAG, or BURGOS (cah-lag'-cah-lag', boor'-gohs), nat.; hamlet of pueblo of Taya- san, on E. coast of Negros Oriental, at mouth of Bacol-lo Calag. (See Burgos, Negros.) CALAGAUAN (cah-lah-gah-wahn), ver.; point in N. island of Ylín, off SW. Mindoro. CALAGEALAG (cah-lah-hay-ah-lag'), ver.; river in Negros Oriental, with Bacol-lo Calag, emp- tying into Strait of Tañón, at Burgos, 37 m. S. of Ayungon. (See Calag-Calag.) CALAGÍAN (cah-lah-hee'-ahn), ver.; island 3 m. by 2 m., E. of Patnanongan Pt. of Polillo grp., off Infanta, Luzón. CALAGNÁN (cah-lag-nahn'), ver.; island 4 m. long NE. and SW. and 3 m, wide, 1 m. off NE. coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, separated from Balín by channel nearly 1 m, wide at NE, end and almost closed at SW. CALAGUA (cah-lah'-gwah), nat.; one of Calaguas Is., off NE. coast of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. - town in Tayabas, Luzón. CALAGUAGUIN (cah-lah-gwah'-geen), ver.; bay on coast of Zambales, Luzón. CALAGUAS (cah-lah'-gwahs), Hisp.; group of 8 islands and several islets, of which Tinagu is largest and central, N., Pinaguapan; E., Cala- gua, Cacbalisay; S., Siapa, Yngalan, Guin- tinua; W., Maculabo and Samun in Pacific Ocean, 17 m. off N. coast of Ambos Cama- rines Norte), Luzón, and 25 m. N. of Dáet. Maculabo, highest, may be seen 24 m. at sea. CALAGUINAN, or CALAGUIMAN (cah-lah-geel- nahn, cah-lah-gee'-mahn), Tag., hamlet of pueblo of Abucay, on NW. shore of Manila Bay, 5 m. N. of Balanga, in Bataan, Luzón. CALAGUNBIÁN (cah-lah-goon-beeahn'). nat.; river emptying on N. shore of Pujada Bay, SE. coast of Davao, Mindanao, 1 m. W. of Mati. CALAHÁN (cah-lah-hahn'), ver.; hamlet m. below junction of Mayon, with Malinannang Riv., 2 m. S. of Panitan, in N. Cápiz, Panay. CALAÍTAN (cah-lah-ee'-ton), nat.; cluster of 6 islands and channel on W. shore separating them from Tigungun I., off NE. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. CALÁJIT (cah-lah-hit), nat.; islet 1 m. S. of Bili- ran, in sea channel between Biliran I. and Leyte, Visayas. CALALA (cah-lah'-lah), ver.; mountain of Davao near Dávao Gulf, end of E. coast range o Surigao, Mindanao. CALALANAG (cah-lah-lah-nag'), ver.; island of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. CALAMBA, or CALAMBÁ (cah-lam-bah Sp. pron.), cah-lam-bah' [nat. pron.]), Tag ; a pueblo and road center on S. shore of La- guna de Bay, 17 m. SW. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 11,476. Laguna, Luzon, is post-office and money-order station. CALAMBAYANGA (cah-lum-bah-young'-ah), ver.; island off Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón. CALAMIÁN (cah-lah-myahn'), ver.; largest island of Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan, 24 m. from NNW. to SSE., and 12 m. from E. to W. at widest part. Area, 192 sq. m. Is moun- tainous, covered with valuable forests, and coasts are indented with many inlets afford- ing anchorage for native craft, and excel- lent fishing. Chief town, Culion, occupies point on E. coast between 2 fine bays fronting on channel between Calamian on S. and Bu- suanga on N., and connecting Mindoro (Sulu) and China seas. Inhabitants are Visayans, or Calamianes, or Tagbanúas, and almost wholly pagans, and largely engaged in gathering edible birds' nests, trepang, and other products of surrounding waters. (See Calamianes grp.) CALAMIANES (cah-lah-myah'-nays), Hisp.; group of islands in SW. part of archipelago, be- tween Mindoro and Palawan (q. v.). CALAMIANES OR CULIÓN (GROUP), CHINA SEA. (Cah-lah-myah-nays, coo-lyohn', Hisp.) Province of Paragua, Palawan. Chief towns: Corón, Busuanga I.; Culión, Calamián I.; lat. 12° 3' 30" N., lon. 119° 58' E. (Corón). Area: 98 islands, 677 sq. m. Population: 16,338, estimated 1901. Race: Calamián and Visayan. Language: Calamián and Visayan dialects of Malayan. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay. Table of distances. m . From Corón to- Agutaya, SE. Manila, N. by E.. 92 197 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 413 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The Calamianes or Culion group lie on the China Sea border of the archipelago between Mindoro, 49 m. on the NE., the strait of that name flowing between them, and Paragua, Palawan 36 m. on the SW., with the Mindoro Strait and Sea on the N. and E., and the Mindoro and China seas on the S. and W. AREA. The group lies between lat. 11° 39' and 12° 20' N., and lon. 119° 47' and 120° 23' E., 47 m. N. and S. and 41 m. E. and W., or covering a sea area of 1,927 sq. m. The land surface, comprising 98 islands, has an area of 677 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The islands of this connecting chain between Mindoro and Paragua are of volcanic origin, Busuanga in the NW., Culion on the S., and Tundalará on the SE. shore, ris- ing to a height of 2,152 ft., being the principal peaks. The climate is hot and unhealthful, intermittent fevers and cutaneous diseases prevailing, due to excessive moisture and the bad quality of the drinking water. BAYS AND HARBORS. The channels of the group, which are generally deep and more or less sheltered, afford anchorages for both native and foreign craft engaged in interisland trade. Baquit; on the S. coast of Busuanga. Borac; a large and well-sheltered port. Busuanga; numerously indented with gulfs and bays. Calamián or Culión; with a good port at the town of the latter name, being shel- tered by an island, with 22 fms. in the entrance. Corón; formed by Corón on the E., Busuanga on the N. Culión; on the W., and several small islands on the S., is 13 m. wide and very deep. Lucayan; a cove W. of the bay of Baquit. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. A few trails on the larger islands bring the inhabitants of the interior in commu- nication with the coast. The main lines, however, of intercourse and traffic are by water. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The registered inhabitants number 14, 291, principally Visayans and Calamianes or Tagbanúas, an offshoot of the Malayan race, speaking a Malayan dialect. In the mountains of Calamián and Busuanga dwell a remnant of the Negrito race. There are but three permanent towns and but few villages, the inhabitants generally living in fishing settlements along the coast. The following is the division of Calamianes into pueblos, with the population of each, census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and absent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Group and pueblos. Men. | Women. Total. Calamianes: Agutaya (Cuyos group, Mindoro Sea). Culion (Calamianes group) ..... Cuyo (Cuyos group, Mindoro Sea)... Total .... 947 2,351 4,112 1, 251 1, 920 4,791 2,198 4,277 8,903 15,378 7,416 7,962 Census, 1896, 13,240; estimated, 1901, 16, 338. The chief towns are- Agutaya; on the E. shore of the island of the same name, N. islands of the Cuyos group. 414 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Busuanga; at the mouth of a river emptying about the center of the W. shore of the island of the same name, and sheltered from the sea by three islands. Corón; on a bay on the SW. shore, Busuanga I:; divides with Busuanga almost the entire population of the island, the inhabitants of both towns being engaged in occupations of the sea. Culión; on a fine bay at the extreme E. peninsula of Calamián I., with a fine port Pop., 2,100. Cuyo; SW. shore of island and group of the same name. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. ala 5 176 . ... .. The following are the islands and charted islets named of the Calamianes group: sq. m. Aguada; off N. coast of Busuanga, 6 m. W. of Coconongón Pt....... Bantac; 9 m. N. by E. of extreme E. point of Busuanga; 800 ft. high... Batunan; Bugui; off NE. point of Calamianes, N, of Culión ...... Bulalácao; midway between S. point of Corón and SE. point of Calamián; crescent-shaped, 5 m. between the point which extends N.3 smaller islands lie in the conca vity of N. shore; 6 islands lie off its shore; inhabited....... Busuanga; N. and largest of group; 38 m. NW. to SE. and 22 m. from NE. to SW.; its NE. coast forms SW. shore of A poo, W. half of Mindoro Strait; this channel is also known as Northumber- land; island is mountainous: Busuanga, Culion, and Tundalará, the latter 2,152 ft., are chief summits; the soil, though fertile, is but little cultivated, inhabitants being chiefly engaged in gathering beche de mer (trepang) and edible birds' nests; 3 villages are situated on SW. shore.. 388 Cabilaun; in deep bay on N. coast of Busuanga, SW. of Coconongón Pt.; inhabited.. Cagbatan; Calamián; S. of SW. shore of Busuanga at a distance of 5 m.; 22 m. N. and S., 10m. E, and W.: island is also known by name of Culion; its chief town, Culión, on a fine port on NE. shore, is center of important fishing of island; soil is fertile, but only cultivated to extent of home demand, rice being the staple; inhabitants are a seafaring people........ Calanhayaun; 500 ft, high; 8 m. N. by E. of extreme E. point of Busuanga ...... Calumbuyan; N. of Canipo and 6 m. SE. of Calamián... Camangá; 3 islands 6 m. N. of Busuanga...... Canipo; 8 m. E. of extreme S. point of Calamián; inhabited Canitanan; Caypayan; Cheron; S. of Tampal I., E. of Calamián... Chindoman; off NE. point of Calamianes, N. of Culión ....... Coconongón; 1,300 ft. high, 3 m. off point of that name..... Coloconto (North Rock); 10 m, NNE. of NW. point of Busuanga, 100 ft. high.. Corón, Peñón de; off SE, coast of Busuanga; very high, rocky, and very little vegetation; 12 m. N. and S., 6. m. E. and W.; highest point is 1,200 ft..... Delián; 450 ft. high, 3 m. E. of S. point of Corón; inhabited.. Dibanca; off E. coast of Calamianes. Dibatalo; Dibatuc; 4 islands SE. of Busuanga, highest 300 ft. ... Diboyoyan; 4. m. N. of Busuanga .... Dicalatan; Dichilem (North Rock): Dimaciat; off NE. coast of Busuanga .......... Dinalgngot; Dimipae; 4. m, N. of extreme N. point of Busuanga; inhabited...... Dinarán; 2) m. E. of Busuanga, 500 feet high...... Dipalían; off SE, coast of Calamianes........ Duca baita; S. and close to the extreme S. point of Calamián..... Dumunpalit (Turret), 4 islands, highest 816 ft., 10 m. N. of Busuanga . Dunaun; off E. coast of Calamián, fronting Culión on SE., inhabited. Galoc; long and narrow, 541 ft. high, 1 m. off extreme NW. point of Calamianes Guinlepen; E. of Calamianes.... Guintungauan; E. of Bulalácao, 153 ft. high Inulucut: Lagat; ENE. of Coconongón Pt.. Lago; off NE. coast of Calamianes.. Lubutglubut; 13 m. E. of Busuanga Luzón; Macinit; Malajón (Haycock); 753 ft. high, 14 m. E. of extreme E. point of Busuanga, and 6 m. off town of that name .... Malbinchilao; Malaposo; 2 islands 3, m. S. of Bulalácao........ Malcatop: Maltatayoc; Maguinit...... Marily; E. of N. point of Calamián I... Mataya; 2, m. E. of extreme E point of Busuanga... Mangleb; in channel between Busuanga and Calamián, NE. of latter Minangá; off E. coast of Busuanga .... Mininlay: S. of Bulalácao ........ Mitbit; off NE. coast of Busuanga ................................ Nangá; 3 islands, highest 944 ft., 8 m. N. of Busuanga....... Nalaut (Green): 10 m. off w. coast of Busuanga, 240 ft. high... North Rock (Dichilem); 6 ft. high and 6 m. N. of NW, point of Busuanga. . - - - - - - GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 415 sq. m. Pamalican; off center or E. coast of Busuanga ... Pedregosa; Piedra Blanca; Piñas; Pinnacle; 6 m. E. of extreme NW. point of Busuanga .. Popototan; N. of Galoc I... Sail Rock; 31 m. N. of NW. point of Busuanga ....... Silangado; off E. coast of Busuanga ........ Talampulan; off W. coast of Busuanga, opposite town of that name; inhabited ...... Tambón; 4 m. NE. of extreme point of Calamianes; inhabited ...... Tampal; in channel between S. point of Corón and E. coast of Calamián; inhabited..... Tara; 730 ft. high, 10 m. NE. of Busuanga; 1 small I. lies NE. and 3 W.; inhabited. Tanobtón; 2) m. E. of NW. point of Busuanga....... Tangat; inhabited Usón; at W. entrance to straits of Corón; inhabited. 98 dependent islands; total area..... ........................ 677 In addition to these islands are upward of 55 of varying sizes, from mere rocks to 2 and 3 m. in length, which have been charted, but are unnamed, lying off the coasts of the larger members of the group. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The inhabitants of the group being employed in gathering products of the sea, take little advantage of the fertile soil of the islands. A small quantity of rice, sugar cane, tobacco, and other staples for domestic use are grown. MINERALS. All the islands are mountainous. No indications of mineral deposits of any kind are reported. FORESTS. The islands are generally covered with forest trees of more or less value for local use. On the island of Calamián grows a special variety of bamboo, which is in much demand. The forests abound in deer, wild hog, and rapacious birds, which commit great depredations on the crops. Also wild honey and wax is gathered, especially in Calamián. FRUITS. The most common of the fruits is the banana; pineapples and mangosteens also grow successfully. INDUSTRIES. The limestone caverns along the shores and the coral formations beneath the chan- nels of this group furnish an abundance of edible birds' nests (salangane), sea cucumbers (trepang), the gathering of which together with turtles, shells, and a few pearls constitutes the principal industry. The cattle raised on these islands have a high reputation in the markets of the archipelago. It is the practice of ves- sels loading to run close in shore. Being driven into the water by means of a rope expertly thrown over the horns, with the aid of a donkey engine on board, the cattle are quickly loaded, despite furious kicking and bellowing during the operation. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. There is no formal military occupation of these islands. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The provincial government act was extended to this group June 23, 1902, as part of the province of Paragua, Palawan. CALAMIÁS (cah-lah-meeahs'). nat.; hamlet in CALAMPITA (cah-lam-pee'-tah), ver.; hamlet on pueblo of Ibaan of Batangas, Luzón. SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. NE. of Gimbal. CALAMITÍAN, or SAMILO (cah-lah-mee-tee'-ahn, CALAMUTAN (cah-lah-moo'-tahn), nat.; river of sah-mee'-loh). nat.; point on Lingayen Gulf, Moro Palawan rising lat. 9° 10' N., takes an E. N. coast of Pangasinan, Luzón, in pueblo of course and empties into sea in lat. 9° 2' 30' N. Sual. | CALÁN (cah-lahn'), nat., islet off SW. shore of CALAMPÁN, or CALUMPANG (cah-lum-pun', cah- Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. lum-pahng'), nat ; river of pueblo of Rosario, Batangas, Luzón, emptying at port of Batan- CALANÁOGAN (cah-lah-nowl-gahn), ver.; hamlet gas, in bay of same name. 5 m, NE. of Tarangnán, W. Sámar. 416 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CALANAUAN (cah-lah-nah-wahn), nat.; Moro 1. CALAPÁN; bay on N. coast of Mindoro, on S. shore of which is situated Calapán, capital of Min- CALANCALAN (cah-lahn-cah'-lahn), nat.; point doro. on bay of Albay, Albay, Luzón. CALAPAN, or TIBAO (cah-lah-pahn', tee-bow'), CALANCALANGAN (cah-lahn-cah-lung-ahn), nat.; low wooded point with cogonal or reed plan- narrow channel from 10 to 29 ft. deep sepa- tation on summit, near Calapán, N. coast of rating Calúpag from Tigungun I., off NE. coast Mindoro. About 1 m. E. off shore lies Silonay of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. of islets of that name. CALANCÁN (cah-lahn-cahn'), ver.; inland hamlet - capital and pueblo of Mindoro on NE. in W. Cápiz, Panay, 11 m. N. of Libacao. coast, 2m. SE. of Balete Pt., 14 m. SSE. of Arenas Pt., and 85 m. ESE. of Manila, or 120 m. - inlet in N. island of Marinduque. by sailing route. Small river enters bay at W. - river in Panay. of town. Group of unnamed islets lies 8 m. N. CALANDANAN (cah-lahn-dah'-nahn), nat.; creek off mouth of bay. Being no sheltered anchor- entering Culasian roadstead S. of Jervóis Pt., age surf runs so heavily in front of town that SW. coast of Moro Palawan. during months of October, November, and December steamers are unable to land mails. CALANDÓRANG (cah-lahn-daw'-rang), ver.; town Town is defended by fort of regular construc- on shore of bay of same name, E. coast of tion and has about 500 houses, those of dura- Balábac, foot of overhanging highland upon which is situated light-house; has barracks, houses, court-house, jail, and casa real. Pop., hospital, warehouse, armed fort, and cluster 1896, 4,333. Inhabitants are engaged in hunt- of houses in fringe of luxuriant vegetation which comes down to very edge of tide. merce is unimportant. Sand banks extend CALANDÓRANG. or PUERTO DEL PRÍNCIPE in front of town to distance of im. Ap- ALFONSO (cah-lahn-dawl-rang, pwayr'-toe proaching these is depth which rapidly les- dale preen'-thee-pay ahl-fohn'-soh); bay 6 m. sens, however, toward shore. Vessels can an- N. of Dalauan Bay, on E. coast of Balábac I., chor with safety in 8 to 10 fms. m. wide between Sarmiento and Espina CALAPE (cah-lah'-pay), ver.; pueblo and port on Pts.; on s. point of entrance on Almirante W. coast of Bohol, 19 m. N. of Tagbilaran. Gil, 105 ft. high, is fixed white light, lat. 7° 59' Arga, on E. coast of Cebu, lies 18 m. W. across 55" N., lon. 1170 04' 21" E., 268 ft. above sea; sea channel. Pop., pueblo, Cn. 1896, 10,283 with white and red base and red lantern, vis- ible 10 m. Bay, which is extremely pic- shore of Bohol, opposite Calape. turesque, is surrounded by mountains from CALAPLÁN (cah-lah-pee-ahn'), ver.; point on S. 900 to 1,300 ft. high, with hamlet of that name shore of Panaón Strait, NE. coast of Panaón on shore at their foot. I., off SE. coast of Leyte, 3} m. E. of Liloan. CALANG (cah-lahng'); town in Tayabas, Luzón. CALAPOCAN (cah-lah-paw'-cahn), ver.; point at CALANGALAN (cah-lung-ah'-lun), nat.; peak in head of Subic Bay, in Zambales, Luzón. Caraballos Sur Mts., Albay, Luzon. CALAPSÍN (cah-lap-seen'), ver.; hamlet on W. CALANGAMAN (cah-lahn-gah-mahn), nat.; island shore of Davao Gulf, Davao, Mindanao, 37 m. 2 m. N. 71° E. of Naylon Pt., E. coast of Cebú. S. of Dávao. CALANHAYÁUN (cah-lahn-hah-yah'-oon), ver.; CALAPUITAN (cah-lah-poo-ee'-tahn), nat.: ham- islet flat topped and 500 ft. high, 1 sq. m., in let, near which is cavern with stalactites, E. of Calamianes, 111 m. E. by S. of Coco- nonyón Pt., Busuanga I., in Mindoro Strait. Jägor. CALANOTAN (cah-lah-naw'-tahn), ver.; mountain CALAR (cah-lahr').ver.; mountain near Sw.coast on E. shore of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, 6 of Leyte, 9 m. SE. of Albuera. m. N. of Bolón. CALARABAYAN (cah-lah-rah-bah'-yun); moun- CALANTÁS (cah-lahn-tas'), nat.; bank S. . W. 2 *tain in Leyte. m. from Culasi Pt.. formed of large black CALÁRAI (cah-lah-rye), nat.; point on E. coast rocks and coral. N. head is flat rock, 5 ft. of Sámar, in lat. 11° 42' N. above water, with 40 ft. of water near it, and CALAKAN (cah-lah'-rahn), ver.; hamlet in cen- increases to N. tral Sámar, 12 m. NE. of Gándara. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzon, 8 m. W. of CALASAGGAN (cah-lah-sug'-gun), nat.; point on Bacolor. E. coast of Palawan. CALAXUSÍAN, or REINA MERCEDES (cah-lah- CALASANAN (cah-lah-sah'-nun), nat.; point on E. noo-see'-ahn, ver., ray-nah mayr-thay-days, coast of Palawan, in lat. 9° 18' N. Sp.); town of Isabela, Luzón, on S. side of Magat Riv., at crossing of main road from CALASGÁN (cah-lahs-gun'), nat.: point on coast Ilagan, 10 m. N. to Bayombong. Pop., 3,286. of Zambales, Luzón, in pueblo of Iba. CÁLAO (cah-lah-oo), nat.; river of pueblo of An- CALASGASAN (cah-las-gah-sahn), ver.; pueblo gadanán, Isabela, Luzón, and tributary of in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. Pop., 813. Grande de Cagayán Riv. from E. CALASÍAN (cah-lah-see'-ahn), ver.; point on E. - peak in Abra, Luzón. end of coast of Negros Occidental, 5 m. W. of Isio, S. shore of Guimarás Strait, opposite CALAOAG (cah-lah-wag'), Tag.; pueblo on SE. Panay. shore, opposite Alabat I., of E. channel to Lamón Bay, NW. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. - town on SE. shore of Eran Bay, W. coast of Pop., 1896, 2,652. Palawan, 82 m. SW. of Puerto Princesa. CALAOCALAO (cah-lah-00 - cah'. lah - 00). nat. CALASIAO (cah-lah-see-ah'-00), ver.; pueblo in point in E. part of Albay, Luzón. Pangasinan, Luzón, on r. bank of Dagupan Riv., 9 m. E. of Lingayen, on main highway CALAOCAN (cah-lah-oh-cahn), ver.; town in NW. Sámar. CALASÚNGAY (cah-lah-soong'-i), nat.; inland CALAPA (cah-lah-pah), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of town 6 m. WNW. of r. bank of Pulangui, E. Taytay, Paragua, Palawan. Misamis, Mindanao, 28 m. SSE, of Cagayan CALAPACÚAN (cah-lah-pah-cool-ahn), nat.; point de Misamis. and village same name, E. head of anchorage CALATAGÁN (cah-lah-tah-gun'), nat.; point in of Súbic, on N shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast pueblo of same name, on W. coast of Batan- of Zambales, Luzón. CALAPÁN (cah-lah-pun'). nat.; small island in - pueblo in Batangas, Luzón, near SW. shore channel between Batag and Lagúan Is., off of Balayán Bay, 27 m. from town of Batangas. extreme NE, coast of Sámar. Pop., 964. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 417 115 20 Gables or dal Sex Me BALABAC S. Doc. 280- Thickly Woo KALANDORANG BAY Puerto del Principe Alonso By Staff Com"J.W.Reed & the Officers of ILMS.Rideman 1868 Lighthouse. Lat.795965°N.- Long 17: 4'35'E. .W.F.& c.x?o?" Springs rise 61: Sarmiento P P . 27 14 29 25 15 27 2017 30 16 30 60 25 10 92 37 20 al st 12Espima po W.8 .(not reliable) 33 123 et 06 23 26 VU 2 aruno Guimba Cove alStation SOBATAN Buka Thick 418 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CALATÁN (cah-lah-tahn'), nat.; mountain in CALAVITE-Continued. Mindanao, lat. 7° 30', on bank of Lanao Riv., which empties into lake of same name. of W. end of promontory 2,000 ft. high of same - S. branch of Sipalay Riv., Negros Occiden name, while Del Monte Pt. is N. sea front. tal; rises on SW. watershed of Puente de | CALAYÁN (cah-lah-yahn'), nat., island of Babu- Patioito. yanes grp., off N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón, CALATAYAN (cah-lah-tah'-yahn), Tag.; point and town of same name on W. coast of Batangas, area of 30 sq.m., lying 15 m. NE. of Dalupiri Luzón. I. Formed of mountainous and uneven land, highest in center, with low gaps in some CALAT-CALAT (cah-lat-cah-lat'), nat.; mountain places. It is steep-to, but without safe an- in central range of Negros, 12 m. NW. of chorages. Some rocks above water extend about a mile from its S. point. About 2 CALATCAT (cah-lat-cat'), nat.; tributary of San m. off NE. point is Panuitan I. Owing to Enrique Riv., Negros Occidental. lofty elevation of its central peak, this is- CALATON (cah-lah-tawn'), ver.; conspicuous land is visible at distance of 52 m. at sea in headland of small peninsula which advances clear weather. The U. S. S. Princeton, Jan- uary 10, 1900, visited it, taking formal posses- Point and Cabahan I. to S. form bay. sion and hoisting American flag in name of United States. - inlet and mountain in Tablas I., Visayas. - hamlet on island of same name, near cen- - inlet in S. Tayabas, Luzón. ter of E. coast. Pop., 584 Batán Indians. CALÁTONG (cah-lah'-tohng), nat.; point on S. - town in Cagayán, Luzón. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, in pueblo of Gumaca. - mountain in Cagayán, Luzón. CALATRAVA (cah-lah-trah'-vah), Sp.; pueblo on NW. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, anchorage in Tayabas, Luzón. 31 m. NE. of Dávao. mountain in Isabela, Luzon. - town on Tablas I., Visayas. CALAYANAN (cah-lah-yah'-nahn), ver.; point on NW. extreme of Ylín I., 5 m. sw. by S. of - pueblo on strait of Tañón, Negros Occiden- Mangarín, Mindoro. tal, on NE. coast of island at mouth of Glu- bang Riy., 32 m. E. of Bacolod on opposite CALAYLAYAN (cah-li-lah'-yahn), Tag.; village at coast W. Pop. pueblo, 1898, 12,720, estimated, mouth of river emptying into sea on S. shore In 1879 layers of coal were discovered outcrop- of Tayabas, Luzón. ping in rivers which enter sea near this town CALAYO (cah-lah'-yoh); extinct volcano in Cota- and Talabe. bato, Mindanao; also called Súgut, lies ESE. CALATUNGAN (cah-lah-toong'-ahn), mountain in N. Mindanao. CALAYO, or FUEGO (cah-lah'-yoh, Tag.; fway'. Egoh, Sp.); point in W. Batangas, Luzon. CALAUAG (cah-lah-wahg'), nat.; village in pueblo - river in Sámar. (See Súgut.) of Taytay, Paragua, Palawan. CALAUAGAN, LAGUNA DE (lah-goo'-nah day cah- - point in Sámar. lah-wah'-gahn), nat.; small lake near coast CALBALETE (cal-bah-lay'-tay), nat.; island in in Union, Luzón. opening of Lamón Bay, off NE. coast of Taya- bas, Luzón, belonging to pueblo Mauban. It - point in island of Batán, off Albay, Luzón. is covered with valuable woods and has area CALÁUANG (cah-lah'-wang); pueblo of Laguna, of about 1 sq. m. Luzon between Los Baños and San Pablo, CALBAYOG (cull-bah'-yohg), nat.; river on W. near S. shore of Laguna de Bay, 15 m. SW. of coast of Sámar; a fixed white light, lat. Santa Cruz, with several small lakes and 12° 04' N., lon. 124° 35' E., approximately, has empty volcanic basins in vicinity. Pop. pu blo, 1898, 3, 107, estimated. river; visible 12 m. [N. M.] point on island of Daram, W. of Sámar. - pueblo on SW. coast of Sámar, 28 m. NW. of CALAUINAN (cah-lah-we-nahn), ver.; mountain Catbalogan, on shore in bend of coast near in S. Leyte, 7 m. NE. of Hindang. river of same name. Anchorage opposite town, 1 m. from shore, in 24 ft. of water, is not CALÁUIT (cah-lah'-oo-eet), nat.; point on ex- good during SW. monsoon. Steamers from treme NW, coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes Manila call here fortnightly; has a church. grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan, and SW. head Pop. of pueblo, 1896, 13,216. Coast trends SE to N. entrance to W. Apo pass of Mindoro for 25 m., as far as Catbalogan, and is broken Strait. into bays with little depth and exposed to CALAÚNAN (cah-lah-00'-nun), nat.; tableland in SW. River emptying into these bays can be the pueblo of Matnog, Sorsogon, Luzón. entered by small coasters at half tide. CALACTIT (cah-lah-00'-teet). nat.; hamlet in - inlet on SW. coast of Sámar. pueblo of San Ildefonso Ilocos (Sur), Luzón. CALBAYOGOS (cal-bah-yoh'-gohs), ver.: point in NE. Leyte. CALAVAYAN (cah-lah-vah'-yun), nat.; islet off E. coast of Palawan. CALBIGA (cal-beel-gah), ver,; pueblo in SW. Sá- mar on river and 2 m. inland from Villa- CALAVERA (cal-lah-vay-rah), Sp.: bay and river real Gulf, 13 m. SE. of Catbalogan. Pop. of on E. shore of Tañón Bay, 4 m. NE. of Toledo, pueblo, 1896, 4,091. W. coast of Cebú. - point on NE. coast of Ambos Camarines CALAVITE (cah-lah-veel-tay), nat.: islet N. of (Norte), Luzón. Busuanga in channel (Mindoro Strait) be CALBUGOS (cal-boo-gohs), ver.; mountain in tween that island and Sw.coast of Mindoro. Leyte. Inhabitants are engaged in shell fishing. CALCUT, or CUTCUT (cahl-coot', coot-coot'), nat.; - mountain on extreme NW. coast of Min. point on SW. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón, divid- doro, slope of which forms Cape Calavite and ing entrance to Panlatúan port on E., from N. slope of Del Monte Pt. Summit about Putiao port on W. 2,000 ft. high appears dome-shaped when seen CALDERA (cal-day'-rah), Sp.; point on Sw.ex- from W., but from N. or S. it shows long ridge treme of Zamboanga, Mindanao. Coasters fairly level, W. end is highest part and is between Zamboanga and this point, when visible at great distance in clear weather at wind and tide are against them, land their NW. entrance to Verde I, passage. crews and track their vessels. Coast trends 8 m. SE. of Pt. Caballo, W. of town of Zam. treme NW. point of Mindoro, on China Sea, boanga. Vessels can anchor in front of town of San Mateo, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 419 **** W 6 19990 44 13 10 10 20 020 6 13 13 10 10 20162083 34 20 36 48 49 49 35 33 23 36 36 20 20 13 2043 29 29 $ 33 33 33 Masin River 29. fnes 4313 39 48 39 Ben 13 43 59 333 IG . 26 23 20 16 29 Caldera Bay 6 NOVINU 10 46 33 - 29/33: 10 35 16 46 52 43 52 S33333323.10 26 49 56 36 3679 33 3 946 352 33 39 46 46 49 43 S 46 rnes 6 52 49 46 * 1529 39 52 fries 46 46 59 39 3 28 33 2,6 .-29.-09 85 85 621 49 fne.s. St 82 52 69 52 75 85 3t es 62 26 5240 39 fers 33 33 23 36 29 29 43 19 26 33 46 43 es 92 46 ---6592 43 20 36 29 16 10 56 43 52 65 36 26 23 16 639 49 39 29 220 59 36 23 * 20 e 1339 es 46 3329 33:26 103 3te 75 75 72 3329 3829St 89 29 20 CALDERA BAY, approaches to Zamboanga, Mindanao. (No. 1831.) 420 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Cápiz. CALDERA; bay and port to E. of point of that CALINGÓ (cah-leen-goh'), nat.; island on E. coast name W. of Zamboanga, in SW. coast of Zam- of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzon, between boanga Pen., Mindanao. Landmark is sum- islands of Canimo and Cantón. mit, 1,752 ft. high, which overlooks bay. (See - hamlet of Iloilo, Panay, on bank of river Caldera Pt.) Inner port will accommodate of same name, rising at foot of mountains but 4 or 5 vessels of 6 ft. draft. Entrance which separate provinces of Antique and channel is but 200 ft. wide and 12 ft. deep. CALERO (cah-lay'-ro), nat.; village on Manila - river in Iloilo, Panay, rising in Cordilleras, Bay shore in Tondo district, Manila. forming line of boundary between Antique CALLÁN (cah-lee-ahn'), ver.; important point, and Cápiz, passes number of pueblos in its broad and somewhat remarkable, on E. shore course and affords transportation in small of Dávao, Mindanao. It is most E. projection craft to port of Iloilo, into which it empties. of land into Celebes Sea on this part of coast CALINOG (cah-lee-nog'), ver.; pueblo in E.central and from WSW., with San Agustín C., 35 m. Iloilo, Panay, 26 m. N. by W. of Iloilo. Pop. ENE., forms heads to great Davao Gulf. It of pueblo, Cn. 1896, 6,497. is 60 m. S. of Dávao. Coast, Baños Pt. to Calián, 6 m., trends N. by E. with series of | CALINTÓN (cah-lin-tawn'), ver.; S. of 3 Ticlín Is., high points. Good anchorage off point. off SE. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón. - hamlet on E. coast of S. peninsula of Dá- | CALIOAQUIO (cah-lee-wah'-kew), nat.; village, vao, Mindanao, 54 m. NW. of point of that originally missionary station of Ilocos Sur, name and 60 m. S. of Dávao. Luzon, in pueblo of Santa Lucía. - hamlet in SE. Iloilo, Panay, i m. SE. by CALIPA (cah-lee'pah), Tag.; hamlet of Nueva S. of Pototan. Ecija, Luzón, on main road, 22 m. N. of San - small stream emptying into Mansalay Bay, Isidro. SE. coast of Mindoro. | CALIPAJÁN (cah-lee-pah-hahn'), Tag.; hamlet of CALIANIN (cah-lee-ah'-neen), ver.; hamlet of Nueva Ecija, Luzon, 20 m. N. of San Isidro. Bulacán, near one of E. tributaries of Grande CALIPAPÂ (cah-lee-pah-pah'), ver.; hamlet and de la Pampanga Riv., NE. of Pulilan. small river on SW. coast of Negros Occi- dental, 29 m. SE. of Inayauan. CALIATÁN (cah-lee-ah-tahn'), ver.; channel be- tween Caluitano and Great Calúpug Is., to E. CALIPASOHAN (cah-lee-pah-soh'-hun), Tag.; of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. Only practicable for mountain in SW. Batangas, Luzón. vessels of 6 ft. CALIPAYAN (cah-lee-pah'-yahn), ver.; town on CALIBAN (cah-leel-bahn), ver.; point on N. shore E. side of mountain range which extends S. of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. from Macajalar Bay, in E. Misamis, Min- CALIBANBAGAN, or HASTINGS (cah-lee-ban-bah'- danao, 11 m. SE. of Cagayan de Misamis. gahn), ver.; island 3 by 2 m., 8 m. E. of N. CALIPAYAN, or ALEGRÍA (cah-lee-pah'-yahn, point of Paragua (Palawan), and between it ah-lay-gree'-ah); hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, at and Linapacan I. N. are 2 peaked islets. mouth of Bugasumgan on NW. coast. CALIBO (cah-leel-bow), nat.; pueblo in Cápiz, CALIQUID (cah-lee-kid'), ver.; crater in central Luzón. (Also Calivo.) Capiz, Panay, 6) m. S. of Jamindao. CALIBUGÓN (cah-lee-boo-gawn'), ver.; tablesum CALIRUJAN (cah-lee-roof-hahn), nat.: point on mit, 1,793 ft. high, in Cordillera Pulute, W. by NW. shore of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, S. of Corumi Mt., 7. m. in S. Palawan. Visayas. CALIBUHASSAN (cah-lee-boo-has'-sahn), ver.; CALIS (cah-lis), nat., sharp, steep point at S. hamlet on 1. bank of Salhug Riv., Davao, extreme of Peñón de Corón, Calamianes Mindanao, 154 m. above mouth of Tágum, its grp., one of headlands approaching along NE. outlet into Davao Gulf, and 35 m. NNE. of coast of Paragua from SW. along Palawan Dávao. into Mindoro Strait, and landmark entering CALIBUTBUT (cah-lee-boot-boot'), nat.; hamlet Culion Bay. of Pampanga, Luzon, in pueblo of Bacolor. CALISELAN (cah-lee-say-lahn), nat.; river in CALIBUYO (cah-lee-boo'yaw), Tag., hamlet on Príncipe, Luzón. bay road, Cavite, Luzón, 12 m. SW. of Cavite. CALISÍN (cah-lee-sin'), ver.; point on E. coast of CALICLÁN (cah-lee-clan'), ver.; hamlet of Cápiz, Calamián I., Calamianes grp., NE. of Para Panay, extreme NW. coast, 3 m. NE. of Malay. gua, Palawan, 3 m. S. of Culion town. CALICOAN (cah-lee-coh-ahn), nat.; island 10 m. CALISOCÁN (cah-lee-saw-cahn'), ver.; small n. from NW. to SE. and 2, m. from NE, to SW.: tributary of Ulut Riv., Sámar. area 20 sq.m. Island has central ridge of low CALISON (eah-lee-sohn); hamlet of Bulacán, elevations, NE. and E. coasts being low, and Luzón, in pueblo of Calumpit. opposite coast formed of range of bluffs. CALITAN (cah-lee'-tahn), nat.; island 256 ft. high, CALIDIÁN (cah-lee-dee-ahn'), ver.; river in m. off NW, extreme point of Paragua, Bohol, Visayas. Palawan, SW. of Cabuli Pt. CALIGAHAN (cah-lee-gahl-hahn), ver.; inlet in CALITUBAN (cah-lee-too-bahn), ver.; island 77 island of Batán, off E. coast of Albay, Luzón. m. NW. of Talibon, on N. coast of Bohol, CALIGÁNGANG (cah-lee-gang'-ahng), ver.; point Visayas. on extreme NE. shore of Panaón I., SE. of | CALIUAUAN (cah-lee-wah-wahn), ver.; point on Leyte, at entrance of small bay. W. coast of Leyte, 2 m. SW. of Hindang. CALIGDAOHAN (cah-lig-dah-oh-hun), Tag.; | CALIÚS (cah-lieus'), nat.; village in pueblo of mountain in Batangas, Luzón. Gapán, Nueva Ecija, Luzón. CALILIDAN (cah-lee-lee'-dahn). ver.: point on W. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, NNW. I CALIVO (cah-lee'-vaw), ver.: hamlet in E. Sámar. of Calián Pt. 4 m. W. of Borongan. CALIM (cah-leem'), nat.; hamlet of Nueva Ecija, - pueblo on 1. bank of Acdan Riv., which Luzón, in pueblo of Gapán. enters sea 3 m. below on N. coast of Cápiz. CALIMBAJAN (cah-lim-bah'-hun), ver.; moun- Pop. of pueblo, Cn. 1896, 10,314. tain in Sámar. CALIZAS ESCABROSAS (cah-lee'-thahs ays-cah- braw'-sahs), Sp.; group of islands off W. coast CALIMUGTONG (cah-lee-moog-tong'), nat.; ham- of Palawan, most important of which is let of Ilocos Sur, Luzón, in pueblo of Candón. Tapintán. CALIMUTAN (cah-lee-moo’-tahn), nat.; river emp CALLAGAN (cah-lyah-gahn), ver.; hamlet in tying on SE. shore of Lagúan I., off N. coast Pangasinan, Luzón, on Agno Riv, road, 7 m. of Sámar. S. of Lingayen. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 421 CAL- LIAT (cal-Ivaht), nat.; hamlet of Ilocos Sur, Luzón. CALO (cah-loh'), nat.; river of Cavite, Luzón, rising at foot of mountains forming central Cordilleras, which in part on S. divides Cavite from Batangas. CALOAN (cah-law'-ahn); river in Leyte, Visayas. - mountain in Sámar. CALOBA (cah-law'-bah), ver.; hamlet on W.coast of S. Antique, Panay, 1 m. SE. of Antique. CALOBCOB (cah-lohb-cohb'), nat.; river of Cavite, Luzón, rising in Cordilleras which separate that province from Batangas on S. and taking N. course unites with the Jasaan, both in pueblo of Silang. CALOCALÓ (cah-law-cah-law'), nat.; hamlet on r, bank of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao, 54 m. SE. of Cotabato. CALOCAN (cah-loh'-cahn), nat.; river of Sámar, rising in mountains in lat. 12° 21' 20" N.; empties into sea on W. side of island in lat. 12° 21' 05' N. CALOCÔ (cah-law-caw'), Tag.; hamlet in Cavite, Luzon, 19 m. S. of Cavite. CALOG (cah-log'), nat.; point in island of Rom- blón, Visayas. CALOGANGAN (cah-loh-gung -ahn), nat.; point on W. coast of Samar, lat. 11° 10' N. CALOHÚAN (cah-law-hoo-ahn), ver.; mountain in Bohol, Visayas. CALOLBONG, or ICALOLBÓN (cah-lol-bong', ee- cah-lol-bone'), ver.; pueblo on Sw. shore of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzón, E. of Agojo Pt. Pop. of pueblo, 1898, 4,382, esti- mated. CALOMPÓN (cah-lohm-pohn'), nat.; village in pueblo of Calbiga, Sámar. CALONHOGÓN (cah-lon-haw-gawn'), ver.; W. of 2 small islands in one of channels of Malam- paya Sound, W. coast of Paragua (Palawan). Bartoc is E. CALONOON (cah-loh-noh'-ohn), nat.: river of Negros Occidental, rising in lat. 10° 47' N. and taking W. direction through pueblo of Silay, empties into sea near that town. CALOOCAN (cah-law-aw'-cahn), Tag.;-pueblo on Manila and Dagupan R. R. in Rizal, Luzón, 4 m. N. of Manila. Pop. of pueblo, 1896, 7,289. CALOS (cah'-laws), ver.; peak in Caraballos Oc- cidentales, Abra, Luzon. CALOUANG (cah-lau-wang'), ver.; important headland on Daram Channel, SW. coast of Daram I., off w. coast Sámar, pointing to Buad Channel. CALSIGUARAN (cahl-see-gwah'-run), nat.; island of chain stretching along N. shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Luzón, approaching Sorsogon. CALTOM (cal-tawm'), ver.; port on NW. shore of deep bight between Cocononīgón Pen, and point and mainland W. of Busuanga I., Cala- mianes grp., between Paragua (Palawan) and Mindoro. CALUÁN (cah-lwahn'), ver.; river in N. Luzón. - hamlet on S. shore of lake in valley of Llanura de Imue. Fine vein of dolorite in neighborhood. CALUÁN, or CAULUNGAN (cah-lwahn', cow- loong'-ahn); low island 2 sq. m. in area, off SE. point of Basilan I., Sulu A. CALUBAIA (cah-loo-bah'-yah), ver.; mountain near E. shore of Sámar, 11 m.sw.of Hernani. CALUBCUB (cah-loob-coob'), nat.; village in N. or outlying districts of Sampaloc, near NE. boundary. CALUBI (cah-loo'-bee), nat.; point at E, head to Tactacan Bay, Dapitan, Mindanao CALUBLÚ (cah-loo-blue'), ver.; 2 islands 2 sq.m. in chain on NW. limits of Basilan grp., Off S. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. CALUDLUD (cah-lood-lood'). ver.: low island 1 sq. m. at sw. end of ontlying chain in NW. waters of Basilan grp., off SW. Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, 374 m. W. by N. of Isabela. CALUG (cah-loog'), ver,; hamlet in Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, E. coast, . m. S. of San Dionisio. - hamlet on W.coast of Antique, Panay, 1 m. NW. of Bugason. CALÚGAO (cah-lool-gow), ver.; bay 11 m. wide between Taguntun and Nagumbuayan, on S. side of Catanduanes I., Luzón. River of same name empties into it, and town of same name is on its shore. - river in S. part of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzon, which enters bay of that name; fronted by 2 islets. - town on W. side of mouth of river of that name, on S. shore of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzón. CALUGMANAUE (cah-loog-mah-nah-way), nat.; village in Misamis, Mindanao, originally es- tablished as station among Moros of that region. CALUGTANG (cah-loog-tahng'), ver.; Visa yan group of islands, dependent of Panay, off NE. coast. CALUGUÍN (cah-loo-geen'), Tag.; hamlet in Bula- cán, Luzón, 13 m. N. of Bulacán. CALUGUPAN (cah-loo-goo-pahn), ver.; point in N. Leyte, Visayas. CALUHAICABUG (cah-loo-high-cah-boog'), yer.; mountain in SE. Sámar. CALUHÁN (cah-loo-hahn'), ver.; hamlet on N. shore of Maqueda Bay, 2 m. NW. of Paranas, in W. Sámar. CALÚI (cah-looy'), ver.; point at SE. end of Rom- blón I., Visayas, in Taal Bay. CALUJA (cah-loo-hah), nat.; one of islands of Cagayanes, off SW. coast of Negros Occi- dental, in lat. 9° 22' 40" N. CALULURA (cah-loo-loof-rah), nat.; point on W. coast of Samar, lat. 11° 30' N. CALUMAN (cah-lool-mahn),ver.; small island SW. of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. CALUMANGAN (cah-loo-mang'-ahn), ver.; river, and town at its mouth, emptying into Gui- marás Strait, 2, m. NE. of Bago, Negros Occi- dental. CALUMATAN (cah-loo-mah'-tahn),ver.; mountain in NE. Leyte, 4 m. SW. of Tacloban. CALUMBAGAN (cah-loom-bah'-gahn),ver.; island of Calamianes grp.. NE. of Paragua, Palawan. CALUMBUYAN (cah-loom-bool-yahn), ver., islet 1 sq. m. S. by W. of Bulalacao I., E. of Cala- mián, Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Pal- awan, cone-shaped with reddish brown appearance, and landmark of neighboring waters. CALUMPÁN (cah-loom-pahn'), nat.; point on S. coast of Batangas, Luzón, lat. 13° 37' 30" N. - point on shore of Balayán Bay, W. coast of Batangas, Luzón, lat. 13° 49' 30" N. - point on sw. coast of Davao, Mindanao, NW. of Tampal Pt. -- hamlet in Bulacan, Luzón, 8 m. NW. of Bulacan. - hamlet on E. coast of Guimarás I., 12, m. SE. of Nagaba. - river of Batangas, Luzón, emptying on E. side of Batangas Bay at Batangas. Brings down volcanic ashes and pumice stone; lat- ter abounds in valley. - point on S. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. CALUMPANG (cah-loom-pang'), nat.; islet off E. coast of S. Palawan, lat. 9° 26' N. - hamlet on 1. bank of Grande de la Pam- panga Riv., in pueblo of Calumpit, Bulacan, Luzon, 2 m. above junction of Chico Riv., Pampanga, and on main road 11 m. NE. of Bacolor. 422 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CALUMPIJAN (cah-loom-peer-hahn). ver.; islet | CALUTIT (cah-loo-tit'), nat.; mountain in pueblo at E. entrance to sea channel between Bili of Pasuquin, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. ran I. on N. and Leyte on S. CALUTUÃ (cah-loo-too-ah'), ver.; mountain ham- CALUMPIT (cah-loom-pit'), nat., river in pueblo let on W. branch of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, of same name of Bulacan, Luzón, and one of in Cotabato, 21 m. SSE. of Cotabato. affluents of Grande de la Pampanga Riv. CALUYA (cah-loo'-yah), ver.; pueblo on E. coast of - pueblo of Bulacán, Luzón, at junction of Caluya I., in Semerara grp., SE. by S. of Min- Quingua and Pampanga riy., near entrance doro. Pop. of pueblo, Cn. 1896, 722. to delta, 27 m. NW. of Manila, over good road CALUYA, or CABAYA (cah-lool-yah, cah-bah'-yah); shaded by fruit trees, cocoa and Areca palms, island of Semerara grp., 623 ft. high on S., 31 and 3 m. from Manila and Dagupan R. R. by 2 m. in extent, 26 m. SE. by S. of Pandan Town, which is 11 m. NW. of Bulacan, pro- Pt., Mindoro, and 17 m. W. Of Naisog Pt., vincial capital, is well built and stands on Panay. Island of Sebaton lies 14m. N. There fertile plain, made productive by frequent is bay on W., in which there is anchorage. overflowing of two rivers. Mt. Arayat may CALUYAJAN (cah-loo-yah'-hahn), nat.; peak 416 be seen inland. Pop. of pueblo, Cn. 1896, 15,712. ft. high on SE. shore of Carogo or Puro I., N. side of Loog (Canayat) Bay, W. coast of Mas- CALUMUCAN (cah-loo-moo'-cahn), nat.; village bate, Visayas. of Ilocos Sur, Luzón, in pueblo of Santiago. CALVARIO (cal-vah'-ree-au), Sp.; mountain in CALÚNGAI (cah-loong'-í) nat.; river entering N. central ridge of peninsula end of Zambales, side of inlet on N. shore of Putiao port, SW. Luzón, inland from Arenas Pt. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón. CALUÑGÁLANG (ca-loong-ah'-lung), ver.; moun- - mountain in Laguna, Luzón. tain in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzon. CALVER, for.; point on E. coast of Palawan, 8, m. SW. of Maltby I., and overlooked by lofty Vic- CALUNGAN (cah-loong'-ahn), nat.; S. point on W. toria peak, 8, m. inland. extreme of S. coast of Leyte, 3 m. SW. 0. Merida and 5 m. NNW. of Poson, north- CALVIJA (cal-veel-hah), Sp.; lake in island of Sá- easternmost of Camotes Is. mar; receives the mountain drainage through a number of small streams and forms the - river in Leyte emptying near point of that source of the Calbiga Riv. (Also Calbigo.) name. CALVIJO (cal-veel-haw), Sp.; town on E. shore - point at E. approach to Casilaran Bay, in of Sadocun Lake, about midway between 2 SW. angle of Davao Gulf, Mindana. streams which connect that lake with Linao CALUNGBOYAN (cah-loong-boh'-yahn); lake in Lake to SE., distance of 3 m., in SE. Surigao, Ilocos Norte, Luzón, N. of pueblo of Batac. Mindanao. On its shores are pueblos of San Nicolás and CAMA (cah-mah), Sp.; hamlet in NE. Cápiz, Pa- Sarrat, first on S. and second on N. nay, 2, m. S. of Mayón. CALUNGUN (cah-loong'-oon), ver.; peak in Cara- | CAMACHÍN (cah-mah-chin'), nat.; mountain be- ballos Sur, Ambos Camarines, Luzón. tween Bulaon and Gorlan, in SE. Cotabato, CALUNGUSAN (cah-loong-oo-sun), nat.; village Mindanao. Important veins of iron are found. in pueblo of Bulacán, Luzón, in province of CAMAGÁN (cah-mah-gahn'), ver.; river and ham- same name. let at its mouth, on SW. coast of Negros Orien- CALUNJÁN (cah-loon-hahn'), ver.; point NE. of tal, 10 m. W. of Bayauan. Freshwater Pt., W. coast of Palawan. CAMAGO (cah-mah'-gaw), ver.; island in N. en- CALUPAAN (cah-loo-pah'-ahn), Tag.; hamlet in trance of Endeavor Strait, Malampaya Sound, Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 40 m. N. of San Isidro. W. Paragua, Palawan. CALÚPAG, LOWER; island off NE. coast of Tawi CAMAGUINGAN (cah - mah - geeng' - ahn), ver.; Tawi. (See Tigungun.) mountain in island of Leyte. CALÚPAG, or KALUPAG, GREAT (cah-loo'-pag), ver.: island 590 ft. high, divided into 2 parts CAMAINSI (cah-mah-inn'-see). ver.: point at head by narrow channel Calan halangan and form- of Pujada Bay, SE. Dávao, E. coast of Min- ing E. side of Nochebuena and W. side of danao. Calaitan channels, off E. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., 14 m. N. and Son NE. side of CAMALANIUGAN (cah-mah-lah-new'-gahn), nat.: entrance to Tambiluanya channel, off NE. pueblo of Cagayán, Luzon, on r. bank of coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. On NW. shore Grande de Cagayán Riv., 8 m. S. of Aparri atits are 3 peaks, 397, 554, and 475 ft. high; on SE. mouth, and connected by road with Buguey shore 2 peaks, S. 591 ft. high. Island is sepa- on coast, 6 m. NE, and 46 m. N. of Tugue- rated from Tigungun or Lower Calúpag I. by garao. Pop. of pueblo, Cn. 1896, 5,088. Calanhalangan, narrow channel from 10 to CAMALAOS (cah-mah-lah'-aws), ver.; hamlet on 29 ft. tributary of Bac-hao Bangahón Riy., SW. CALUPAG, or KALUPAG, LITTLE: #m. from NW. central Sámar, 2 m. NW. of Gándara. to SE., with 2 peaks, NW. 371, SE. 354 ft. high, off NE. shore of main island of same name, CAMALIAN (cah-mah-leel-ahn), nat, cove SW. of 2 m. NW. of Pasegan Sámal, off E. coast of point of same name, SE. coast of Dávao, Min- Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. danao; poor anchorage; fresh water to be had. CALUPAN (cah-loo'-pahn), nat.; point in island of Mindoro. - hamlet at point of same name on SW. shore of S. peninsula of Dávao, extreme Mindanao. CALUPOCAN (cah-loo-paw'-cahn), ver.; moun. tain in SW. Leyte, 7 m. SW. of Sógod Nuevo, - point near Guay Pt., SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. CALUSA (cah-loo'-sah), ver.; island 60 ft. high and most W. of Cagayanes grp., Sulu Sea, off CAMÁLIG (cah-mah'-lig), nat.; point on extreme SW. coast of Negros Occidental. S. shore of inlet at E. end of Lagúan Chan- CALUT (cah-loot'), nat; islet in N. part of Isabela nel, NE. coast of Sámar. channel, Basilan, off S. coast of Zamboanga, — pueblo in Albay, Luzón, near r. bank of. Mindanao. Inaya Riy., on main road, 5. m. NW. by W. of Albay, and 44 m.WNW.of Cagsaua, inhabi- CALUTAGAN, or CALATAGAN (cah-loo-tah'-gun, tants of surrounding country are largely en- cah-lah-tah'.gun), nat.; hamlet of pueblo of gaged in hemp industry, Pop, of pueblo, same name near w. shore of Balayan Bay, Cn. 1896, 15,092. Batangas, Luzón. - peak 446 ft. high on E. shore of Canahauan CALUTAN (cah-loo'-tahn); islet off NW. coast of Dacó I., of Canahanan Is., off W. coast of Biliran, N. of Leyte, 11 m. SW. of Sulung Pt. 1 Sámar. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 423 CAMALIGAN (cah-mah-lee'-gahn), nat.; pueblo CAMANSI or SAPIAN (cah-mahn-see', sah- adjoining Nueva Cáceres on W. in Ambos peeahn); bay 3 m. wide and same in depth Camarines (Sur), Luzon. Pop. of pueblo, on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, midway between 1898, 5,049, estimated. Nipa Pt. and Batán Bay. Is well sheltered - road junction 7 m. W. of Albay, in Albay, from all winds except N. Luzon. CAMÁNSUSU (cah-mahn'-s00-soo), nat.; S. point CAMALISQUÍS (cah-mah-lis-kiss'). nat.; moun- of entrance to Canayat (Loog) Bay, S. arm tain hamlet 7 m. SE. of Murcia, in central of Nin Bay, Sw. coast of Masbate, Visayas. range of Negros Occidental. - S. point of entrance to Canayat (Loog) CAMALOBAGOAN (cah-mah-law-bah-go-ahn), and Nin Bays, W. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. ver.; mountain in island of Biliran, N. of CAMAOGA (cah-mah-aw-gah'), nat.; hamlet on S. Leyte. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, 31 m. E. of Balu- CAMAMAUAN (cah-mah-mah'-wahn), nat.; point luan Pt. on Pacific side of extreme SE. peninsula of CAMARAG (cah-mah-rug'), nat.: village formerly Dávao, Mindanao, 7 m. NE. of Cape San pueblo of Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. Agustín. - town on main road in Isabela, Luzón, 24 CAMAMOT (cah-mah-mot'), nat.; islet 245 ft. high m. SW. of Ilagan. in sea channel, most N. of Canahauan grp. CAMARÍN DE CAYAGON (cah-mah-rin' day cah- (q. v.), 4. m. W. of Tarangnan, off w. coast yah'-gawn), Hisp.; hamlet of Negros Occi- of Sámar. dental, on E. bank of Hitobano Riv., near its CAMÁN (cah-mahn'), nat.; river in pueblo of Bu junction with Nitomayan, 12 m. SE. of E. of lan, Sorsogon, Luzón, rising at foot of volcano Cabancalan. of Bulusan, takes S. direction, and unites CAMARÍN DE OBUG (cah-mah-reen' day oh- with Juban. boog'), Hisp.; point on coast of Ilocos Norte, - hamlet in Pangasinan, Luzon, on Agno Luzón, in pueblo of Bangui. highway, 8, m. S. of Lingayen. CAMARINES NORTE and SUR (cah-mah-reel-ness CAMANAHOL (cah-mah-nah-hawl'), ver.; moun- nohr'-tay, soor), Sp.; 2 ancient provinces of tain in SW. Sámar, 5 m. SE. of Villareal. Luzón, created in time of Guido de Labezares. CAMANAOSENG (cah-mah-now-seng'), ver.; (See Ambos Camarines.) mountain in Abra, Luzón. CAMASUSU (cah-mah-soo'-soo), nat.; point on CAMAN CAMANG (cah-man cah-mang'), ver.; SW. coast of Masbate, Visayas, forming S. hamlet 9 m. E. of Himamaylan, Negros Occi- head to bay of Canayat or Loog, S. arm of dental. Nin Bay, lat. 12° 11' N. CAMANCHITO (cah-mahn-chee'-taw), Hisp.; river - island 522 ft. high in middle of extensive in Cavite, Luzón. bay of Canayat or Loog on S. and Nin Bay on N., SW. coast of Masbate, Luzon. Island CAMANDAG (cah-mahn-dag'), nat.; island in sea marks geographical position of Nin Bay and channel, 13 m. SW. of Calbayoc, on SW. shore Mandaon port, lat. 12° 10' 3' N., lon. 123° of Sámar. 12' 47" E. - mountain in Bulacan, Luzón, lat. 14° 47' N. CAMASUSU, or MADIDIS (cah-mah-sool-soo, mah- CAMANDÁYAG (cah-mahn-dah'-yag), ver.; moun deel-dees), W. of 2 islands, extending sea- tain in SW. Sámar, 10 m. NE. of Santa Rita. ward between Camasusu and Mariveles Pts., CAMANDÓ (cah-mun-doh'), nat., village formerly and separating waters of Canayat or Loog pueblo of Iloilo, Panay, situated in valley Bay on s., and Nin Bay on N., SW. coast of watered by Sibalón Riv. and smaller stream Masbate I., Visayas. Camandó. CAMATSIM (cah-mut-seem'), nat.; mountain of - small stream of Iloilo, Panay, tributary of Bulacan, Luzon, lat. 14° 59' N. Sibalón Riv. Village of same name is sit CAMÁUANG, or CANAUAY (cah-mah'-00-ang, cah- uated on its banks. nah'-00-i), ver.; river in extreme S. of Negros CAMANDULAC (cah-mahn-doo-luck'), ver.; crater Oriental, draining central mountain cone into in NE. Leyte, 2 m. SW. of Babatugon. sea at Siaton on S. coast. CAMANGÁ (cah-mahn-gah'). nat.; village on NW. CAMAYAN (cah-mah'-yahn), ver.; point on SE. shore of bight on S. coast of Sámar, 11 m. NW. shore of Súbic Bay and E. head opposite of Guiuan port. Grande I., coast of Zambales, Luzon. - cluster of islets S. of Nanga Is. 400 ft., high - point in Zambales, Luzón. and N. off Coconongón Pt., Busuanga I., Cala CAMÁYOM (cah-mah'-yohm), nat; river of Am- mianes grp., SW. of Mindoro, bos Camarines, Luzón, rising in lat. 13° 05' N. CAMANGÁN (cah-mahn-gahn'), yer.; mountain in and emptying into Donsol Riv. S. central Sámar, 10 m. NE. of Paranas. CAMAZO (eah-mah'-thaw), Sp.; small island sq. CAMANHALA, or MACOTO (cah-mahn-hah'-lah, m. in area, off E. coast of Davao, Mindanao, mah-caw-taw'),ver., creek in S. Albay, Luzón. between Mapanda and Camamauan Pts. in CAMANHIG (cah-mahn-hig'), nat.; hamlet in S. extreme SE. central Samar, 7 m E. of San Sebastián. CAMBA (cam'-bah), Sp.; channel connecting Ce- lebes and Sulu Seas through shallow waters CAMANITA (cah-mah-nee'-tah), nat., village on and islands immediately E. of NE. end of SW. coast of Sámar, 1 m. W. of Basey, Tawi Tawi I., Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. CAMANITOHAN (cah-mah-nee-toh-hahn), nat.; | CAMBA CAMBÁ, or LIJAT, or LIJATLIJAT (cam- river entering at Manito on SE. angle of Albay bah cam'-bah, lee-hut', lee-hut-lee-hut), Gulf, Albay, Luzón. yer.; channel to E. of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu CAMANJAUAN (cah-mahn-hah'-wahn),ver.; ham- A., between Tabuan (Bukutkut) to E. and let in SW. Iloilo, Panay, near Antique Calaitan to W., 2 m. long, ) m, wide, with 45 ft. depth. boundary, 10 m. SSE. of Sibalom. CAMBAGUI (cam-bah'-gee), ver.; mountain in S. CAMANOC (cah-mah-nauck'), nat.; point in E. of Bohol, Visayas, 5 m. N. of Lila, on S. coast. part of Masbate I., Visayas. CAMBAIO (cam-bah'-yaw), Tag.; hamlet in Bula- CAMANSÍ (cah-mahn-see!), nat.; fountain tribu- cán, Luzon, 8 m, N, of Bulacán. tary from N. of the Binalbagan Riv., Negros Occidental. CAMBAJAO (cam-bah-how'), ver.; point on Sibu- - point N. head of Baligao Bay, NW. shore yán I., in Romblon grp., Visayas. of Pujada Bay, SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. I'CAMBAJO (cam-bah'-hoh), nat.; river of Sibuyan - hamlet on W. shore of bay of that name, I., Romblon, Visayas, rising in Central Mts., on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay. flowing SE, and emptying on E. coast. 424 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CAMBALAGA (cam-bah-lah'-gah), ver.; mountain of S. coast of Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol, Vi- sayas, 4 m. NE. of San Juan de Macipilay. CAMBALAGUIÓ (cahm-bah-lah-gee-aw'), ver.; point on Sw. shore of Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol, Visayas, and headland of approach from S. CAMBALALÓN (cum-bah-lah-lohn'), nat.; point on extreme NE. shore of Iloilo, Panay. (See Blanca Pt.) CAMBALAYAN (cam-bah-lah'-yahn), ver.; point extreme E. land of Sibuyan I., Romblon grp., Visayas. CAMBANG (cum-bung'), ver.; mountain in Ilocos Sur, Luzón. CAMBANOG (cam-bah-nawg'), ver.; hamlet on N. shore of Negros Occidental, 14 m. NE. of Saravia. CAMBARI, or TREPANG (cam-bah'-ree, tray- pahng'), ver.; small wedge-shaped island 4 m. E. of Dumarán I., off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Is so named on account of abund- ance of Beche de Mer, "trepang” of com- merce, found among coral reefs in vicinity. CAMBASAG (cam-bah-sag!), ver.: town on SW. coast of Siargao I., off NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, at W. end of Dapa channel and opposite N. point of Great Bucas I., 54 m., 37 m. E. of Surigao. --S. point of Siargao I., off NE. coast of Suri- gao, Mindanao, and marks narrowest point of Dapa channel between it and E. Bucas I. distance of but I cable (720 ft.). Near point is island about #m. long. CAMBASANG (cam-bah-sang'), ver.; mountain 5 m. inland, NE. of San Pedro Bay, in SW. Sá- mar, 13 m. E. of Basey. CAMBASINGAN (cam-bah-sing'-ahn), ver.; islet in channel between Manicani I. and SW. shore of Sámar, Visayas, in line with approach to N. entrance to Guiuan, of sand and rocks nearly a wash. CAMBIDSOS (cam-bid-saws'), ver.; rock 17 m. E. of Dapdap shoal and 1 m. N. of Timpasan I., in Canahauan, off w. coast of Sámar, 7 m. SW. of Taranguan. CAMBIJAN (cam-bee'-hahn), ver.: SE. point of Sibuyan I. of Romblon grp., Visayas. CAMBISTA (cam-bis'-tah), Sp.; point on E. coast of Sámar, 2 m. SE. of Sulat. CAMBOLOTÓN (cam-baw-law-tawn'), ver.; bluff on coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 2, m. SSE. of Balacaue, on Bancal Bay. CAMBUCATAY (cam-boo-cah-ti'), ver.; hamlet on W. coast of Sámar, 3 m. E. of Taranguan. CAMBUCOL (cam-boo-cohl'). ver., extinct vol- cano in extreme S. Sámar, 5 m. N. by W. of Balangiga. CAMBUGSAY (cam-boog-si'). ver.; mountain in E. Bohol, Visayas, 6 m. SE. of Ubay. CAMBULAYA (cum-boo-lah'-yah), nat.; river of Sibuyan I., Romblon, Visayas, flowing from W. to E, and emptying into bay on E. coast. - point on island of Sibuyan, Romblon. Vi. sayas, at mouth of Cambajo Riv., lat. 12° 24' 30 N. CAMBULAYAN (cam-boo-lah'-yun), ver.; point and river in Sibuyan I., Romblon grp., Visa- yas. CAMBULO (cam-boo'-law), ver.; hamlet of Bon- toe, Luzón, 18 m. SE. of Bontoc. CAMBULONG (cam-boo-long'); ver., prominent point on Olutanga I., off S. end of peninsula of Zamboanga, Mindanao. CAMBUTAYAN (cam-boo-tah'-yun), ver., inlet in Sámar. CAMERAN (cah-may'-rahn), ver.; sandy island, 1 sq.m., with trees, 18 m. NE, O Patongong and about same distance SW. of Buliluyan, ex- treme S. point of Palawan. CAMIÁS (cah-mee-ass'), Tag.; hamlet of pueblo of San Miguel de Mayumo, in Bulacan, Luzón, 25 m. N. of Bulacán. CAMICAMIAN (cah-mee-cah-mee'-ahn), ver.; is- land E. of Palawan. CAMIGUIN (cah-mee-geen'), nat.; SE. island of Babuyanes grp., lat. 90 N., lon. 121° 48' E. Pacific Ocean, 24 m, NW. of Engaño C., 21 m. E. of Fuga, and 34 m. S. of Babuyan Is. of same group: is 13 m. NNE. and SSW. and 7 m. E. and W. Area, 65 sq.m. Was formerly volcano; N. part 2,790 ft. and S. 2,450 ft. high, with lowland close to sea along its E. and N. sides: W. of S. mountain are some steep, white cliffs which front sea 2, m. S. of S. point of port San Pio Quinto. In different parts of island are ranches of Batán Indians. Chan- nel between island and Engaño C. is 20 m, wide. Guinapak and Didikas rocks lie to NE. of this island. U.S.S. Charleston was wrecked on uncharted coral reef 3 m. NW. of Guinapak rocks, about 10 m. to E. of N. end of Camiguin I., at 5.30 a. m. November 2, 1899; ship becom- ing total wreck. She was last seen Novem ber 13 and disappeared in heavy typhoon. - extinct volcano 2,450 ft. high on S. end of island of that name, in Babuyanes grp., off N. coast of Luzon. -- mountain of same name on SE. part of Camiguin I, Babuyanes grp., is conspicuous object to navigators. - island lying 6 m. N. of Sipaca Pt., Mi- samis, Mindanao, 15 m. from NW. to SE, and 9 m. E. and W. Area, 92 sq.m. Island is moun- tainous, having centralsummit of 5,383 ft., vis- ible nearly 70 m. at sea. On NW.,3 m. E. of town and anchorage of Catarman, rises double peak 4,797 ft. Is one of most important in com- parison with area in agricultural industry in Philippines. Its products are rice, tobacco, wax, and cacao in abundance. Among its towns are Catarman, Sogay, Mahinoc, Man- bajao, and Agajo (q. v.). Small island lies off NW. coast. Island is not only of volcanie formation, but in July, 1871, was scene of active volcanic energy. From lowland on W. side of island a hill m. long, wide, and 450 ft. high was thrown upin 2months, and rose to 950 feet, and still rising. During this activity the inhabitants (then numbering 11,000) who escaped took refuge on mainland in Min- danao. Volcano on S. side is dome-shaped mass standing on seashore, and in 1875 was red and glowing with heat cracks at summit and sending forth smoke. Lava was entirely trachytic. There was no crater, but mass rose with steep walls directly from soil as if trachytic lava had issued from central cavity and boiled over until set in form of immense mound. Rocks collected were amphibolic andesite, containing some crystals of augite. andesite, and hornblende. Two small streams fed by hot springs issued from base of volcano. CAMILING, SAN MIGUEL DE (sahn mee-gayl' day cah-me-ling'), Hisp.; pueblo on main road, 19 m. NW. of Tarlac, in Tarlac, Luzón. Pop. of pueblo, 23,410, estimated. river in Central Luzon. CAMINCÍ (cah-meen-see'), nat; pueblo of Bula- cán, Luzón. (See San Rafael Camincí. ) CAMINIA (cah-mee'-neeah), nat., hamlet of pue- blo of Canoan, Siquijor I., Bohol, CAMINILA (cah-me-nee'-lah), ver.. hamlet on E. shore of San Pedro Bay, in SW. Sámar, 10 m. SE. of Basey. CAMIPITA (cah-mee-pee'-tah), ver. , extinct crater on E. coast of Sámar, 7 m. S. of Borongan. CAMIRIS (cah-mee'-ris), ver., point on E. coast of Leyte, at Tanauan; also divisional headland between Camiris (N.) and Tolosa (S.) Bays. -bay on E. coast of Leyte, upon whose shores are situated towns of Palo and Tanauan. CAMOAAN (cah-mwah'-ahn), ver., hamlet 3 m. E. of Layog Mt., in E Central Sámar. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 425 ANCHORAGES IN PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Karcher N onweb ATAN DAKO Kahe gutin 3 Bolong 16 NEN - VARIATION B LY OMC 12 STATIONARY je TUPASAN I Batyougno Baladiig dako KANAHAUAN ISLANDS from Spanish Government Survey in 1874. Part Assim Lat. n: 2x. sur Lang124.00 63 E. ma mudant stone SOUNDINGS IN FATNONS NEIGHTS IN FCET 33 wadang gubat Karantiguin Islande 26 426 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CAMOMÓI (cah-moh-moy'), point and mountain CANA; point on E. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, on 240 ft. high on SE. shore of Loog (Canayat) bay of Guinayang, lat. 13° 46' N. Bay, SE. arm of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, CAÑA (cah'-nvah). Sp.: creek entering narrow Visayas. channel on SW. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., CAMOTES (cah-maw'-tays), Hisp.; group of 3 Sulu A. islands from 5 to 14 m., off W. extreme of S. - volcano (1,195 meters) in Sierra Madre, coast of Leyte. Posen being most E., Poro Luzón. central, and Pisigan W., with outlying islet off NW. shore of latter. Coast of Leyte lies 14 CANAB (cah-nab'), ver.; mountain on boundary m. E., Bohol 29 m. S., and Cebu 20 m. W. between Ilocos Sur and Abra, Luzón. CAMPÁ (cum-pah'), nat.; hamlet in Pangasinan, | CANABA (cah-nah'-bah), ver.; point in Siquijor I., Luzón. SW. of Bohol. CAMPAGUNGAN (cum-pah-goong'-ahn), nat.; CANABAYÓN (cah-nah-bah-yawn'), ver.; islet off mountain in S. Cebú. NE. coast of Sámar, 1 m. NE. of Alibangbang Pt. CAMPAIT (cahm-pah-eet'), nat.; bay on NE. shore Parasan I., off w. coast of Sámar, opposite CANABUGCÁN (cah-nah-boog-cahn), nat.; point on SE. shore of Albay Gulf, Albay, Luzón, Catbalogan. CAMPALANO (cum-pah-lah'-naw), ver.; mountain CANABUNGAN (cah-nah-boong'-ahn), ver.; island in Sámar. of horseshoe shape, 13 m. long and , m. wide, 2 m. SW. of Manlagule I., on E. side of N. Ba- CAMPALILI (cum-pah-lee'-lee); mountain in SE. lábac Strait, and 5 m. NE. by E. of NE. coast Mindanao. of Balábac I. CAMPÁN (cam-pahn'), ver.; small bay on SW. I CAÑACAO (cah-nyah-cow'), Tag.; bay formed by shore of Cotabato, Mindanao, and at sea ter peninsula of Cavite, between Sangley Pt., minus of boundary between Cotabato and where there is a light-house, and E. point Dávao, Mindanao, 68 m. NW. of Polo Pt. of Cavite Arsenal, well-sheltered refuge, from CAMPANDÁN (cam-pahn-dahn'), nat.; point on 4 to 25 ft. depth; patent slip with capacity for NE. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. 1,500 tons, Cavite Hospital, and coal sheds for CAMPAO (cam-pah'-00), ver.; point on SE. coast vessels of war are on shores of this bay. of Bohol, Visayas, 1 m. SW. of Jagna. - village on NW. shore of bay of same name, CAMPASAY (cum-pah'-sigh), nat.; point on SW. about 1 m. SW. of Sangley Pt.; patent slip, coast of Sibuyán I., Romblon grp., Visayas. coal sheds, and hospital of Cavite are at this point. CAMPATOC (cahm-pah-tawk'), ver.; point and CANACHIN (cah-nah-chin'), ver.; village in Bula- hamlet on extreme NE. coast of Cebú. cán, Luzón; region in this vicinity contains -- mountain in SW. Bohol, Visayas, 10 m. E. large deposits of iron, worked in small bloom- of Calape. eries and manufactured into plowshares. CAMPILIPA (cam-pee-lee'-pah), ver.; point in CANADING (cah-nah-ding'), ver.; mountain in Daram I., W. of Sámar. SW. Leyte, 5 m. N. of Malitbog. CAMPINAYUCAN (cam-pee-nah-yog'-cahn), ver. ; CANAG (cah-nug'), nat.; port at mouth of river of hamlet on one of group of 8 islands, largest same name, NW. coast of Sámar. being 1 by 4 m.in size, off w.coast of Siargao I., between ports Sápao (N.) and Cacup (S.), NE. | CANAGAAYAN (cah-nah-gah-ah'-yahn),ver.; point of Surigao, Mindanao. in E. Albay, Luzón. CAMPOMANES (cam-paw-mah'-nays), Sp.; ham- CANAGAN (cah-nah'-gahn), ver.; hamlet in Abra, let on S. shore of Nobulao Bay, on SW. coast Luzón, on Matana Riv., 10 m. NE. of Bangued. of Negros Occidental, 15 m, S. of Inayauan. CANAGTÁS (cah-nug-tus'), ver.; mountain in CAMPOMANES ANTIGUO (cam-pa w-mah'-nays Leyte. ahn-teel-gwoh); large bay and hamlet at its CANAGUALLON (cah-nah-gwah-lyohn'), nat.; head on sw. coast of Negros Occidental, 104 cluster of islands fronting bight on W. coast m. S. of Inayauan. Bay heads between Obon of Sámar, N. of Mancaris Pt., NW. of Catba- and Luinbio Pts.; is very deep, with 102 to logan; Bunga and Mancaris are on shore of 168 ft., almost touching shore. bight. CAMPONASA (cam-paw-nah'-sah), ver.; hamlet | CANAGUAN (cah-nah'-gwahn), ver.; island, Am- in S. Central Sámar, 8 m. N. of E. of Calbiga. bos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. CAMPONJÓN (cam-pawn-hawn'), ver.; mountain CANAGUAYAN (cah-nah-gwah'-yahn), ver.; river in E. central Sámar, 5 m. SW. of Sulat. rising in Pauros Mt. in NW. Sámar, flowing CAMPOPO (cam-paw'-paw), ver.; bay on W.coast W. and emptying into sea on W. coast. Nay- of Leyte. (See Tabango.) igable for native craft some distance inland. - mountain in Leyte. - point on W. coast of Sámar, lat. 12°24'45' N. CAMPOSANTO (cahm-poh-sun'-toh), Sp.; river - point N. end of bight on W. coast of Leyte, entering inlet on N. shore of Putino port, SW. which forms Port Palompon, coast of Sorsogón, Luzón. CANAHAUAN (cah-nah-how'-ahn), yer.; group of CAMPUNG (cum-poong'), nat.; affluent of Pam- 5 moderately elevated islands and several panga Chico Riv., in province of same name, smaller islets on E. side of N. entrance to Daram channel, 41 m. off coast of Samar; Luzón, Borobaloto, 250 ft. high; Timpaan, 489 ft. high; CAMPUSÁ (cum-poo-sah'), ver.; mountain in Bo- Canahauan Dacó, 446 ft. high; Camamot, 250 hol, Visayas. ft. high; Boloang, 245 ft. high. They afford CAMŮ (cah-moo'), Tag.; point in N. Tayabas, shelter in depths of 90 to 120 ft. in all winds. Luzón. CANAHAUAN DACÓ (cah-nah-how-ahn dah- CAMÚNAY (cah-moo-ni), Tag.; peak in Caraba- caw'), ver.; islet of Canahauan grp. at N. en- llos Sur, in Rizal, Luzón. trance of Daram channel, 6 m. SW. of Ta- ranguan, off W. coast of Sámar. Its central CAMUNGYÁN (cah-moong-yahn'), nat.; 3-peaked crest is 446 ft. high. islet, 140 ft. high, off entrance to Ulugan Bay, CANAHAUAN-GUTIAY (cah-nah-how-ahn goo- SW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. (See Three tee-i') ver.; one of islands of Canahauan Peaks I.) grp., off mouth of Bac-hao Bongahon, NW. CAMUNUHAN (cah-moo-noo'-hun), ver.; moun coast of Sámar. tain in SW. Leyte. CANAI (ca-ni'), ver.; port at N. entrance to small CANA (cah-nah), nat.; island 6 m. off E. coast of bay of same name, E. coast of Surigao, Min- Cápiz, Panay, lat. 11° 26' N. danao, N. of Umanian Pt., lat. 8° 50' N. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 427 MINDANAO 1. VARIATION.....! ..STATIONARY NEARLY..... CANALASAN. COVE From a Spanish Government Survey, 1879. Sumban P. Lat.5:46. 30-N. Long.125912'36 K.(appran) 1.1.1.1.l.1. Sumban Pt I etue Pt 28 Rb 8 22 30 22 19 3 *** 20 20 2: 26 Clan Ba good 60 Gian Nautical Mile on 428 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CANAI; town on S. shore of port of same name, on CANAUAYAN; hamlet in N. central Leyte, 2 m. E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 86 m. SE. by NW. of Jaro. E. of Surigao. - 4 rocks off NE. point of Sinipai Dacó, be- CANAL (cah-nahl'), Sp.; hamlet in S. part of Ne tween it and Sipiña I., Dapitan, Mindanao. gros Oriental, 4 m. W. of Dumaguete. CANAUAYOR (cah-now-ah-yawr'); islet off N. CANAL PRINCIPAL, or GRAN CANAL (cah-nahl' coast of Misamis, Mindanao, W. of Sipaca prin-thee-pal', grahn cah-nahl'), Sp.; channel Pt., forming anchorage inshore on mainland in S. Balábac I. side of channel between that part of coast CANALASAN (cah-nah-lah'-sahn), ver.; cove on and Mindanao and Camiguin I. SE. shore of Sarangani Bay, off S. coast of | CANAYBON (cah-nay-ee'-bone), nat.; point on N. Dávao, Mindanao. At Glan (Glan Masila) shore Libás port, E. coast of Sámar. Riv., s. side of entrance on this cove, lat. 50 CANBOBODLÍ (cahn-baw-bod-lee'). ver.; hamlet 45' 30" N., lon. 125° 15' E., is light 33 ft. above 14 m. S. of Borongan, on E. coast of Sámar. sea level on tripod 5 ft. high, visible 6 m. at CANCABATÓ (cahn-cah-bah-toh'), nat.; creek in sea. CANALIGUAN (cah-nah-lee-goo'-ahn), ver.; moun- E. Leyte. - bay 14 m. wide at its entrance on N. and 2 Dumar. m. inland on NE. coast of Leyte. Along its NW. shore stretches E. portion of Tacloban, CANAMAN (cah-nah'-mahn), ver.; pueblo in Am- capital of Leyte. bos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, on main road CANCAHÁNAG (can-cah-hah'-nug), ver.; moun- 2 m. N. of Nueva Cáceres and on small tribu- tary of Naga Riv. Pop., 5,959. tain in Leyte. CANAMAY (cah-nah-my'), nat.; point and S. head CANCAMANÍN (cahn-cah-mah-nin'), ver.; hamlet to Bais Bay, off town of that name, E. coast near r. bank of Abra Riv. in Abra, Luzón. of Negros Oriental. CAN-CO (cahn/-coh), ver.; town in Bontoc, Luzón. CANANAY, or KANDUAI (cah-nah-ny', cahn Pop., 1887, 215. dwy'); islet on S. side of Janabatas channel, CANCRÚGAN (cahn-crew'-gahn), ver.; inlet in S. N. coast of Leyte; fixed red light has been re- Sámar. exhibited on this island. CANDA (cahn-dah), nat.; river in Tayabas, CAÑANDO (cah-nyahn-dah), nat.; point in pue- Luzón, rises in mountains of interior, flows blo of Palamas, on NE. coast of Masbate. across pueblo of Sariaya and empties into sea CANANGAY (cah-nang-i'), ver.; crater in E. Cá on S. coast. piz, Panay, near W. boundary of Concepción, | CANDABA (cahn-dah'-bah), ver.; pueblo in Pam- Iloilo, 6 m. W. of Lemery. panga, Luzón, on l. bank of Grande de la CANANIÁN (cah-nah-nee-ahn'), ver.; hamlet and Pampanga Riv., 13 m. NE. of Bacolor. Pop., small port on N. coast of W. Sámar. Several 14,585. islets lie off shore toward Ugamut I. CANDABA, PINAC DE (pea-nuck' day cahn-dah'- CANANYONG-DACÔ (cah-nah-nee-ong-dah-cow'), bah), Hisp.; lagoon on S. side of town of ver.; point in Daram I., W. of Sámar. same name in Pampanga, Luzón, and empties CANAPIÁN (cah-nah-pee-ahn'), ver.hamlet near into Pampanga Grande Riv. springs of Mayón Riv., 9. m. SE. of Mayon, in CANDAGA (cahn-dah'-gah), ver.; hamlet and NE. Cápiz, Panay. point s. by E. of Bantique Pt., extreme NW. CANAPUNAN (cah-nah-poo'-nahn), ver.; hamlet part of Cebu, 4. m. from Bulalaque Pt. on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 4 m. N. of Bar CANDAGAS (cahn-dah'-gahs), ver.; extinct vol- baza. cano in SW. Sámar, 9 m. E. of Penabacdao. CANAPUY (cah-nah-pooy'), ver.; N. headland of CANDÁGUIT (cun-dah'-geet), ver., mineral spring bay leading to Villaba on W. shore of Leyte. in Cebu. CANARÉN (cah-nah-rayn'), nat.; village and CANDAJILÓN (cahn-dah-hi e-lawn'), ver.; moun- river on Sw.coast of Davao, Mindanao. (See tain hamlet of E. Negros Oriental in S. range, Craan.) 10, m. W. of Amblan. CANARÉN, LAGUNA DE (cah-nah-rayn', lah-goo'. CANDANARAN (cahn-dah-nah'-rahn), ver.; island nah day), nat.; lake 3, by 4 m. in area and W. Balábac I. river on boundary between Nueva Ecija and CANDANAY (cahn-dah-ni'), ver.; hamlet in S. Tárlac, Luzón, and forms source of Chico de part of E. Negros Oriental, 4 m. SW. of Du- la Pampanga Riv., 7 m. NE. of Tarlac. maguete. CANARIG (cah-nah-rig'), nat.; islet off E. coast of | CANDÁQUIT (cahn-dah-kit), ver.; hamlet 3 m. Palawan. Waters surrounding it a bound in NW. of Pontevedra, Negros Occidental. fish. CANARÓN (cah-nah-rawn'), ver.; southernmost of | CANDARAMAN (cahn-dah-rah'-mahn), ver.; inlet Cabulaun Is., 12 m. SE. of Cabulaun I., 300 ft. 1 m. wide at its E. entrance, averaging #m. high. Calamianes grp., between Busuanga throughout its distance of 2m. to Sanz I. and N. end of Palawan. and separating Ramos I. on N, from Balábac 1. W. end of inlet, until its outlet into Port CANASTILLA, MONTE DE LA (cah-nas-tee'-lyah, Ciego, is almost entirely filled by Sanz I. mohn'-tay day lah), Sp.: mountain in S. Cen. CANDARANAN (cohn-dah-rah'-nahn), ver.: low tral Sámar, 10 m. E. by N. of Paranas. island off S. coast of Palawan, 27 by 14 m., 15 CANASUGAN (cah-nah-sooʻ-gahn), ver.: hamlet m. E. of N. extreme of Balabac I., separated on SW. coast of Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol, 15 from that island and from Caxisigan by m. NW. of San Juan. channel , m. wide. CANAUAN (cah-nah-wahn), ver.; mountain in E. CANDAYA (cahn-dah'.yah), ver.; point in island of Cebú. CANAUAT (cah-nah-wat'). ver.: mountain in CANDEA (cahn-day-'ah), nat.; village N. coast of Sámar. CANAUAY (cah-now-1) ver.. river in S. part of | CANDELAR (cahn-day-lahr'), Sp., inland hamlet. Negros. (See Camauang) N. Cápiz, Panay, 3m. E. of Banga, CANAUAYAN (cah-now-ah'-yahn), ver.; point on I CANDELARIA (cahn-day-lah'-ree-ah). Sp., hamlet W. coast of Leyte at N. headland of bay, in E. central Cápiz, Panay, 4 m. NW.of Tapas. upon shore of which is situated Palompón; -- pueblo on road between Tiaong, 8 m. NW.. favorite place of call for coasting vessels for and Tayabas, 14 m. NE. in Tayabas, Luzón. supplies of beef, vegetables, and water. Pop., Cn. 1896, 3,244. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 429 CANDELARIA; pueblo on coast of Zambales, Lu- | CANIGAO (cah-nee-gow'), ver.; island W. of zón, on highway, 20 m. N. of Iba. Pop., 2,865. Leyte. CANDIÁN (cahn-dee-ahn'), ver.; river in Antique, CANIGARAN (cah-nee-gah'-run), nat.; islet in Panay. opening of bight on S. shore of Sámar, Visa- CANDIJAY (cahn-dee-hi!), ver.; pueblo at junc- yas, 4 m. NW. of Guiuan port. tion of Napa and Gagbayan Riv. in SE. Bohol, CANIGO (cah-neel-goh); summit 508 E. of Súbic, 44 m. E. by N. of Tabilaran, and 3 m. inshore N. shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, W. from head of Cobton Bay. Pop., 7,872. Luzón. CANDÍNGIT (cahn-ding'-it), ver.; hamlet on W. CANIMÓ (cah-nee-maw'), ver.; rocky island 2 m. shore of Lanao Lake, Misamis, Mindanao. long N. and s., 4 m. off shore from Daet, CANDOAGA (cahn-dwah'-gah); river entering SE. Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón. Cantón shore Culasian road, SW. coast Palawan. I. lies SE Spanish fort formerly stood at mouth of CANINAO (cah-nee-now'), ver.; island, Ambos stream. Camarines, Luzón. CANDOCDOC (cahn-dawk-dawk'), ver.; hamlet on | CANINGÚAN (cah-ning-oo'-ahn), nat; hamlet in S. and larger of Bais Is., 2. m. off coast of Ne Iloilo, Panay. gros Oriental, opposite Bais. CANINOAN (cah-nee-noh'-ahn), ver.; islet N. in CANDOLÓN (cahn-daw-lawn'), ver.; point on S. channel, between Manicani I. and Sw. shore shore of Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol, 3 m. SW. of of Sámar, Visayas, and in line with approach Lacy. to N. entrance to Guiuan, 5 m. W. of Guiuan CANDOLU (cahn-daw'-loo), ver.; islet in Pacific port. Ocean, m. off SE. point of Sámar. CANIOGAN (cah-neeoh'-gahn), nat.; hamlet in CANDÓN (cahn-dawn'), ver.; point on coast of Rizal (Manila), Luzón, on 1. bank of Mari- Ilocos Norte, Luzón. Land in vicinity is high. quina Riv. near its outlet in Manila Bay, 8 m. E. of Manila. - hamlet on W. shore of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzón, on Magueda channel, opposite CANIPAN (cah-nee'-pun), nat; point on SW.coast mainland of Albay. of Palawan, lat. 9° 1' N. - river of Ilocos Sur, Luzón, emptying into sea - bay on SW. coast of Palawan opening be- tween Alimudín and Siacle Pts. Canipan SE. of point of that name. Riv. enters on E. shore. Malay village stands - pueblo on coast highway, 25 m. S. of Vigan, at its mouth. Ilocos Sur, Luzón. Pop. 15,797. - river in SW. part of Palawan emptying into CANDULO (cahn-doo-loh), nat.; island off S. coast E. side of bay of that name. Is navigable for of Sámar. boats 2 m. above its mouth. CANEN (cah'-nen), nat.; mountain 2,119 ft. high, hamlet on rising ground on l. bank of Ca- NW. of Libay, sw. shore Murciélagos Bay, nipan Riv., SW. Palawan. Dapitan, Mindanao. - steep, conical hill, 976 ft. high, with 2 peaks CANES (cah'-ness), nat.; island about 1 m. off E. on E. shore of Simagup Bay next to Bulanhan coast of Palawan, in lat. 10° 51' N. range. Hill is most conspicuous object on CANGAL (cahn-gahl'), nat.; point on E. shore of SW. coast of Palawan. Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. CANIPAYAN (cah-nee-pah'-yahn), ver.; hamlet on CANGARANAN (cang-ah-rah'-nahn), ver.; river in r. bank of Cadián in Antique, Panay, 6, m. E. E. Antique, Panay. Rises in Baloy Mt., in- of Caritan. tersecting point of boundary of Antique, CANIPO (cah-nee'-paw), ver., island 3 sq. m., 3 Iloilo, and Cápiz, and flowing w. forms s. m. EŠE. of Calamianes I. of Calamianes grp., branch of Cadián Riv. off NE. extreme of Palawan. CANGATUGAN (cahng-ah-tool-gahn), ver.; moun -island 517 ft. high, 2 sq. m., 16 m. NNW. of tain in central Leyte, at N. head waters of Dao Cuyo, Cuyos I., Cuyo grp., Mindoro Sea. Riy., 5 m. W. of Burauen. CANITALIN (cah-nee-tah'-lean), nat.; hamlet in CANGATUYAN (cang-ah-too'-yahn), ver.; small pueblo of Arayat, Pampanga island N. of Cabarruyan, on W. side of Linga- I CANITAXAN (cah-nee-tah'-nahn). ver.: islet on yén Gulf, in Zambales, Luzon. N. side of channel from SW. leading to Dipu- CANGITGITAN (cahng-it-hee'-tahn), nat.; Moro lao and Usón ports. S. shore of Busuanga I., village in Misamis, Mindanao. off SW. coast of Mindoro. CANG-CÓ (cang-caw'). ver.; pueblo of Bontoc, CANITO (cah-neel-toh), ver.; secondary moun- Luzon, 9 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 398. tains in Negros. CANGLÁS (cahn-glass'), ver.; mountain in W. CANÍUAN (cah-new-ahn), ver.; SW. hamlet of Leyte, 7 m. NE. of Quiot. Leyte, 4 m. SW. of Cajaguaan. CANG-OUAC (cang-00-ac'), ver.; point NW. island CANJAGABABAL (cahn-ha-gah-bah-bahl'), ver.; of Sibuyan, W. of Romblon, Visayan Sea. hamlet on NE. coast of Cebu, 31 m. N. of Bogo. CANGREJO (cahn-gray'-hoh), Sp.; rock off NE. CANJALING (cahn-hah-ling'), nat.; point on SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, coast of Sibuyan I., E. of Romblon, lat. 12° Luzón. 21' N. CANGSMÁN (cahngs-mahn'), ver.; mountain in CANJALÓN (cahn-hah-lawn'), ver.; hamlet sw. extreme SW. Sámar, 10 m. NW. of Balangiga. of Cambijan Pt., on SE. shore of Sibuyan I., CANGÚBAY (cahn-oo-by), ver.; hamlet near NE. of Romblon grp., Visayas. shore of San Pedro Bay, in SW. Sámar, CANJAMANG PAAY (cun-hah-mang-pah-i'), ver.; CANHUAMAN, or KANKUMAN (cahn-hoo-ah' mountain in NW. Leyte. mahn, kahn-koo'-mahn), ver.; small island | CANJÁPIL (cahn-hah'-peel), ver.; hamlet in Sw. off SW. shores of Basilan I., S. of Zamboanga, Sámar, 7 m. E. of Basey. Mindanao, 1 m. ESE. of Tamuk. CANJUAN (cahn-hwahn'), nat.; on w. shore of CANHÓIAO (cahn-hool-yah-oo), ver.; hamlet in strait, 2 m. SW. of Cebu, Cebu, Visayas. E. Sámar, 2 m. SW. of Túbig. CANJUÁS (cahn-hwas'), nat; hamlet in pueblo of CANIBUÑGAN (cah-nee-boong'-ahn), ver.; hamlet Palanas, Masbate. inland from SW. shore of Basilan I., S. of CANLAÓN, or MALASPINA (cahn-lah-awn'), ver, Zamboanga, Mindanao. (mah-las-peel-nah), Sp.; active volcano 8,192 CANICABUYAN (cah-nee-cah-boo'-yahn), ver., is ft. high in Negros Oriental, 10 m. NW. of Hi- let in sea channel between Bohol and Cebu, bayo, lat. 10° 25' N., lon. 123° 6' E. In state 3 m. W. of Lanes Pt. of eruption 1866, 1893. 430 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CANLILING (cahn-leé-ling'), ver.; river in Leyte. CANSUMIAC (cahn-soo-mee-ac'), ver.; point on N. CANLOAY (cahn-lwi'), nat.; point in Sibuyan I., central coast of Sibuyan I., of Romblon grp., W. of Romblon, Visayan Sea. Mindoro Sea. - river on Sibuyán I., E. of Romblon, which hich I CANSUSU (can-soo'-soo), nat.; mountain in Bo- empties into sea on N. shore. hol, Visayas. CANLOBO (cun-law'-beau), ver.; mountain in CANTAGAY (cahn-tah-gi'), ver.; point in SE. Bo- Bohol, Visayas. hol, Visayas. CANMAASIN (cahn-mah-ah-sin), nat.; moun- CANTAGU (cahn-tah'-goo), nat.; point on S. shore tain in E. Sámar, which divides lower tribu of Mactan I., off coast of Cebú. taries of Oros and Ulut Riv. CANTALING (cahn-tah-ling'), ver.; river in Leyte. CANMAGÃ (cahn-mah-gah'), ver.; hamlet in cen CANTAMÚLIG (cahn-tah-moo'-lig), ver.; moun- tral Bohol, Visayas, 4 m. N. of Vilar. tain 9 m. NNE. of W. point of Bohol, 5 m. E. CANMAHANA (cahn-mah-hah-nah), ver.; bay on by S. of Getafe. SW. shore of Albay, Luzón, opposite Burias I. CANTÁN (cun-tun'), ver.; town in Antique, Panay. CANMANOC (cahn-mah-nauck'), nat.; mountain CANTANAUAN (cun-tah-nah'-wahn), ver.; town in Sw. Bohol, 3 m. S. of Loón, on W. coast, in Tayabas, Luzón. showing very picturesquely from sea 2 peaks, | CANTAQUI (cahn-tah-kee), ver.; hamlet in cen- 764 and 1,820 ft. high, as landmarks. tral Sámar, on Canyaba Mt., tributary of CANMARÍA (cahn-mah-ree'-ah) ver.; hamlet in Bac-hao Bangahon Riv. central Sámar, 9 m. E. of Gándara. CANTICAN (cahn-teel-cahn). nat.: islet in open- CANNOMANDA (cahn-noh-mahn-dah'), nat.; point ing of bight on S. shore of Sámar, Visayas, 45 N. head to Libás port, E. coast Sámar. m. NNW. of Guiuan port. CANOAN (cah-noh-ahn), ver.; pueblo on bight, CANTILAN (cahn-teel-lahn), nat.; town of Siar- formed on NW. shore of Siquijor I., SW. gao I., off province of Surigao, Mindanao. of Bohol, 3; m. SW. of Tagbilaran, Bohol, 22 - pueblo of Surigao, Mindanao, at mouth of m. SE. of Santander, at s. extreme of Cebú, river of same name, 6 m. S. of Pt. Capunui- and 20 m. SE. of Dumaguete, SW. coast of pugan, and on W. shore of large bight on NE. Negros Oriental. Only port of refuge on coast, W. of Pt. Cáuit. Pop., 10.026. Pilots island. Pop., 9,380. for Surigao Strait are here taken aboard. - point 13 m. N. of town of that name on - river entering large bight on NE. coast of NW. shore of Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol. Surigao, Mindanao, W. of Cáuit Pt. Town of - inlet and port in Cebú. same name lies on l. bank of its mouth. - river in island of Siquijor (Bohol) in - mountain on 1. shore of Tubai Riy., 3 m. pueblo of same name; empties into sea on N. before reaching great bend in that stream coast. leading to its outlet in Butuan Bay, Surigao, CANOGAN (cah-noh-gahn'), ver.; hamlet on 1. Mindanao. bank of Buqui Riv. in SW. Sámar, 10 m. NE. CANTINGAS (cahn-ting'-ass), ver.; point on SW. of Basey. shore of Sibuyan I., of Romblon grp. CANOGCAO (cah-nog-cow'), ver.; hamlet at foot of CANTOAY (cahn-twi'), nat.; point on N. shore of Alpuy Mt. in E. Sámar, 5 m. NW. of Borongan, Sibuyan I., E. of Romblon, lat. 12° 32' N. CANOGON (cah-noh-gawn'), ver.; hamlet on NW. CANTOCTOC, or CABALÍAN (cun-tuc-tuck'), ver. shore of Bohol, 45 m. NE. of Tubigón, (cah-bah-lee'-ahn), nat.; mountain in SE. CANOMÁLAG (cah-noh-mah-lag), bay on extreme coast of Leyte, 2 m. N. of Cabalían. SW. coast of Albay, Luzón. CANTÓN (cahn-tawn'), for.; hamlet in E. Sámar, - point in S. Sorsogón, Luzón. 4 m. W. of Borongan. CANOM PIT (cah-nom-pit'), ver.; point in island of ----rocky island 8 m. E. of Daet, off coast of Leyte. Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzon. Canimo I. Jies NW. Rasas Is. lie SW. CANONCANIT (cah-nohn-cah-nit), nat.; village of Pampanga, Luzón, on road between pue- CANTONICA (cahn-taw-nee-kah), Hisp.; moun- blos of Dinalupijan in Bataan and Pórac in tain 7 m. S. of Borongan, in E. Sámar. Pampanga. CANTORIA (cahn-toh'-ree-ah), ver.; outlying - affluent of Orani Riv. in Pampanga, Lu- town of Namacpacan, in Unión, Luzón. CANTOROGAN (cahn-taw-rawl-gahn), ver.; moun- CANOTOC (cah-noh-toc'), ver.; point in NE. tain in SW. Sámar, at head waters of Suribao Leyte. Riv., 12 m. E. of Santa Rita. CANQUINANÁNAG (cahn-kee-nah-nah' - nag). CANTOTÓ (cahn-toh-taw'). nat.; point on SW. ver.; hamlet in N. Sámar, 11 m. S. of Pambujan. coast of Leyte, 11 m. SW. of Matalom. CANSANADA (cahn-sah-nah'-dah). ver.: hamlet CANTUJAON (cahn-too-hah-awn'), ver.; hamlet in E. Leyte on Dagam road, 7 m. SW. of Ta on W. coast of Leyte, 4 m. S. of Palompon. nauan. CANTUMA. or CANCAJUBAN (cahn-tool-mah, CANSAPAL (cahn-sah-pahl'). ver.; point SW. of cahn-cah-hoo'-bahn), ver.; hamlet on E. coast Sibuyan I., E. of Romblón, Mindoro Sea. of Cebú, 13 m. N. of Carmen. CANSARAMAN (cahn-sah-rah-mahn), ver.: moun- | CANTUTUY (cahn-too-tooy'), ver.; point on S. tain in S. Leyte, 6 m. NE. of Inopacan. coast of Leyte, 2 m. W. of Mac-Crohon. CANSILAN (cahn-see-lahn), ver.; W. point of | CANUGUAION (cah-noo-goo-ah'-yawn), ver.; Tolón Bay, SW. coast of Negros Oriental, 94 m. point and port on N. side of mouth of Cana- W. of Bayauan. guayan Riv., NW. coast of Sámar, opposite S. end of Balupiri I., in which vessels of all sizes CANSILAYAN (cahn-see-lah'-yahn). ver.: inland can find shelter in bad weather. Port is hamlet of Negros Occidental, 2 m. SW. of formed by inlet in coast with 2 islets fronting Murcia. it, leaving 2 channels for entrance. Great CANSILOC (cun-see-lock'). ver.: mountain in Bi pass, or W. channel, is 1,000 ft. wide. liran I., off N. coast of Leyte. CANUIO (can-noo'-yoh), nat.; bay on coast of CANSINA (cahn-see'-nah), ver.; islet on S. fringe Tayabas, Luzon, between Pts. Calatong and of numerous bare spots, which cover sea for Salincap, lat. 13° 50' N. distance of 3 m. to E. of Siasi I., Tapul grp., CANUMAY (ca h-noo-my'), Tag.; mountain in Sulu A. Rizal, Luzón. CANSUARES (cahn-swah'-rays); village 6 m. E. CANUMBAO (cah-noom-bah'-00), ver.; point in by N. of Gándara, Sámar. N. Leyte, zón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 431 SIKIJOR 1. PORT KANOAN VARIATION NEARLY CODE (169 MTIONARY Surveyed under the direction of Capt. D.C. Montero Spanish Navy, 1869. Obs? Spot Lat.S:1617'N-Long.123.350 "E. Be t hless or 5 Cables or Sea mile Obs వర్షం Hole 432 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CANUMUG (cah-noo-moog'), ver.; mountain in CAPANAUPUYAN(cah-pah-nah-00-pool-yun),ver.; SW. Leyte. point in E. Sámar. CANUNUHAN (cah-noo-noo'-hahn), ver.; moun- | CAPANDÁN (cah-pahn-dahn'); point in Masbate tain in S. Leyte, 7 m. SE. of Matalom. I., Visayan Sea. CANVITALAY (cahn-vee-tah-li'). Tag.; hamlet in CAPANGÁN (cah-pang-ahn'), ver.; pueblo in Ben- Nueva Ecija, Luzón, on E. fountain branch guet, Luzón, 6 m. NW. of Trinidad. Pop., 583. of Grande de la Pampanga Riv., 29 m. NE. of CÁPAO (cah'-pah-00), Tag.; hamlet on l. bank of San Isidro Grande de la Pampanga Riv., Bulacan, Luzón, CANYABA (cun-yah'-bah), ver.; mountain in 11} m. NW. of Bulacán. Sámar. CAPAP (cah-pap'), ver.; creek in Panay. CANYÁOA (cun-yah'-wah), ver.; mountain in CAPARASAN (cah-pah-rah'-sahn), ver.; hamlet on Sámar. SW. coast of Sámar, 2 m. SE. of Santa Marga- CANYÁOD (cahn-yah'-od), ver.; hamlet at head rita. waters of tributary of Bac-hao Bangahon Riv., CAPARAÚNAN (cah-pah-rah-00-nahn), ver.; in SW. Sámar. mountain in extreme SW. peninsula of Sámar, CAÑA (HARBOR) (cah'-nyah), Sp.; island off 13 m. W. of Balangiga. largest opening on N. shore of Princes a port, CAPARISPISAN (cah-pah-ris-peel-sun), nat.; point E. coast of N. Palawan. on N. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, in pueblo CAÑACAO (cah-nyah-cow'), Hisp.; N. bay of of Bangui. Cavite, in Cavite, Luzón, CAPAS (cah'-pass), Tag.; pueblo on line of Manila - settlement on NW. shore of bay of Cañacao, and Dagupan Railway, 12, m. S. of Tárlac, in Cavite, Luzon, 8 m. SW. of Manila. Tárlac, Luzón. Pop., 2,925. CAÑAS (cah'-nyas), Sp.; inlet on SE. coast of CAPEJAS (cah-pay-hass), Sp.; small low Iloilo, Panay. wooded island, 6 m. N. of Buliluyan C., S. -- island 1 m. E. of Calagnan I., & m, wide, point of Palawan. off NE. coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay. CAPIAPI (cah-pee-ah'-pea), Tag.; mountain in CAÑAS, PUNTA DE (cah'-nyahs, poon'-tah day), Tayabas, Luzón. point on coast of Bataan, Luzón. CAPIAS (cah'-pee-ass), low-lying island covered with scrub, off W. coast of Palawan, 6 m. N. CAOAYAN(cah-wah'-yahn),nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Buliluyan C., about 1 m. from shore. of Balaoan (Balauang), Unión, Luzón. CAPIL (cah-peel'); small S. tributary of Ulut Riv. CAOGOTA (cah-oh-goh'-tah), nat., village in pue in E. Sámar. blo of Bulusan, Sorsogon, Luzón. CAPILAYAN (cah-pee-lah'-yahn), Tag.; hamlet in CAÓN (cah-on') Tag.; river emptying into Balayan Bulacán, Luzon, 7 m. NW. of Bulacán. Bay, SW. coast of Batangas, Luzón. CAPINATAN (cah-pea-nah-tan), ver.; town in CAORBANÁN (cah-or-bah-nahn), ver.; hamlet on district of Apayaos, Cagayán, Luzon. extreme NE. headwaters of river in N. Sámar, CAPINES (cah-peel-nays), Sp.; point on S. coast emptying into bay 4 m. SE. of Laguán. of Sámar, 18 m. W. of Higoso (Gigoso) Pt., CAP, for.; island of Pangutarang grp., Sulu A., 11 m. W. by S. of Balangiga, E. headland to WSW., 19 m. to N. Ubián. San Pedro and San Pablo bays, entrance to San Juanico Strait. CAP, or CAPI (cahp, cah'-pee): island of Laparan - point of bay on E. coast of Sámar, 41 m. S. grp. of Sulu A., 6 m. N. and S., 7 m. E. of La- of Sorongón Pt., S. of San Julián. paran. - extreme SW. point of Sámar, high and CAPACO (cah-pah'-caw), ver.; hamlet at foot of wooded headland of approach on E. from sea Catarman Mt., 13 m. SE. of Catarman, on N. to San Pedro Bay, 12 m. E. of Balangiga. coast of Sámar. CAPINYAYAN (cah-pin-yah'-yun), ver.; moun- CAPALANGAN (cah-pah-lung'-ahn), nat., affluent tain in Biliran I., off N. coast of Leyte. of Bulo Riv., Pampanga, Luzón. CAPIRAN (cah-pee-rahn), ver.; hamlet of Concep- CAPALÍS (cah-pah-lis'), nat.; hamlet on E. coast ción, Iloilo, Panay, near E. coast, 2 m. NW. of of Biliran I., off N. coast of Leyte. San Dionisio CAPALONGA (cah-pah-lawng'-ah), ver.; pueblo CAPISANAN (cah-pea-sah'-nun) nat.; summit 800 on N. coast of Ambos Camarines (Norte), ft., SE. by E. of Súbic, N. shore of Súbic Bay, Luzón, 40 m. NE. of Dáet. Pop., 1,698. SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. - river of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. CAPITÁN (cah-pee-tahn'), Sp.; hamlet on port of CAPALÚAN (cah-pah-loo'-ahn), nat.; bay on SW. same name at outlet of Iligan Riv. into Iligan shore of Pagbilao Grande I., in entrance to Bay, N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. bay of Capulaán, on N. shore of Tayabas Bay, - hamlet on 1. bank of Pulangui Riv., SE. S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. Misamis, Mindanao, 25 m. S. of Lepanto. -point 5 m. N. of Lian Pt., extending well | CAPITANCILLO (cah-pee-tahn-thee'-lyoh), Sp.; unto Ragay Gulf near its head, Tayabas, Luzón. islet 21 m. off E. coast of Cebú opposite CAPANAÚNA (cah-pah-nah-oo-nah), nat.; moun Saak Pt.; channel between island and Cebu tain in S. Sámar. is generally used by steamers. CÁPIZ, PANAY (VISAYAS), PROVINCE OF. (Cáh-pith, ver.; Pah-nie, nat.; Vee-sah-yas, nat.) Capital: Cápiz, lat. 11° 36' N., lon. 122° 42' E. Area: 1,661 sq. m. Population: 224,000. Race: Visayan. Language: Visayan. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay. BATAL "PRESIDENCIA," OR MUNICIPAL BUILDING, CAPIZ, PANAY. MAKING THE ROOF OF A HOUSE PRIOR TO RAISING IT, VISAYAS. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 433 Table of distances. From Cápiz to- Iloilo by sea.... Iloilo, s ...... Manila, NW. Manila, via Verde passage Romblon, N.. San José de Buena Vista, sw... m. 124 64 242 310 81 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Capiz, with the exception of the small peninsula of Carlés on the NE., occupies the entire N. seacoast of the island of Panay. It is bounded on the N. by the Visayan Sea, Tablas I. lying 6 m. N. of its NW. extreme, and Masbate 26 m. N. of its E. limit; on the E. by Concepción, district of Iloílo; on the S. by Iloilo, and on the W. by Antique, and 15 m. of coast on the Mindoro Sea. AREA. It has an extreme length of 84 m. from NW. to SE. and breadth of 47 m. NE. to SW. Area, 1,643 m. or 1,051,520 a.; dependent islands, 18 sq. m.; total, 1,661 sq. m., or 411 sq. m. larger than the State of Rhode Island. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The land boundary of the province is formed by a range of lofty summits from the E. limit to Pucio Pt. on the extreme W. Within this semicircular outline the coun- try is somewhat broken and gradually descends to the seacoast. Between the higher areas the surface is flat and low and subject to frequent floods. The soil is very fertile. The rivers form 3 distinct systems, that of the Cápiz, or Panay, occupying at least two-thirds of the province toward the E. This river, with a high-tide depth of 13 ft. at its mouth and a minimum of 18 ft. as far as Cápiz, on its bank, has suffi- cient depth for large native craft a considerable distance in the interior. Its main stream is fed by 5 tributaries. The Maindán rises across the border, joining the main stream near Cuartero. The Barbaran and another large tributary to the W. unite with the main stream near the same point, while the Malinannang enters from the W. Another important stream, the Aclán, rising near the Antique boundary, enters the sea with a depth of 7 ft. on the bar off Calivo. The Ibajay, after crossing the Antique boundary, enters the sea at the town of the same name. BAYS AND HARBORS. The following are the bays and harbors along the coast of this province: Aclán; an anchorage at the mouth of the river of that name near the town of Calivo, 82 m. SE. of Pt. Agpá. The bar on the river has 5 ft. of water and the river within affords shelter for native craft except from NE. winds. Batán; 12 m. SE. of Aclán is a deep bight surrounded by a lowland. The entrance, open to the NE., is marked by Ocboc Hill, an isolated cliff 2, m. E. The channel, 2,100 ft. wide, is 6 fms. deep. The interior of the port is sheltered from wind and sea. The anchorage inside has 52 fms. off the town of Batán. Buruanga; on W. coast, affording anchorage in a small bay, with a depth from 32 to 48 fms. Cápiz; a roadstead open to the NW., with anchorage in 6 fms, and sheltered from the NE. between the bar and river of the same name and Nipa Pt. The river, which has 13 ft. at high water and 3 fms. inside as far as the city, is used by native vessels in case of sudden storms. Olutaya; several small bays on this island with 3 to 4 fms. are used by coasters. There are 7 fms. of water around the island, but the passage between it and the mainland, not quite 2 m. in width, is obstructed. Sapián; the most E. of 2 large bays about the center of the coast. It is 4 m. between heads and extends the same distance inland. It carries 4 fms. 'at the entrance and 3 fms, in the center of the bay. It is sheltered from all winds but N. In the deep bight between Pirara and Bulacaue Pts., on the W. shore, are a number of small indentations, Jamulaon, Ocboc, Atimonan, Navitas, and Buncayao, which afford shelter for coasters. At the head of this bight is a bay 2 m. in width at the entrance and extending 41 m. inland, which is protected in all weather by the island of Banocay, which fronts it. The waters of this coast are sometimes called the sea of Cápiz. $. Doc, 280- 28 434 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The traffic of the province is largely by water, either between the many towns on the coast or along the numerous navigable streams. There are cart roads connecting the larger towns, but those of the more distant parts are reached by trail. There are a few passes through the mountain boundaries, which are occupied by rivers, along the shores of which trails afford communication. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population is given at 224,000, exclusive of the roving tribes scattered through- out the mountains of Balete, Ibajay, Libacao, Madalag, and Tapás. A majority of the inhabitants are Visayans. The following is the division of Cápiz into pueblos and respective population, according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, 1887. Province and pueblos. Men, Women. Total. 1, 152 3,364 4, 486 1,982 5, 926 8,500 2,170 2, 671 3,659 1,171 4,006 5,533 2, 302 6,102 8,192 2, 453 2, 606 3,731 2, 723 6, 258 1, 472 1,093 2, 427 465 Cápiz: Balete. Banga..... Batán.. Buruanga Calivo... Cápiz .... Cuartero.... Dao...... Dumálag .. Dumarao .. Ibajay... Ibisan .... Jagnaya.. Jamingdár Jimeno. Lezo......... Libacao.. Loctugan. Maayon...... Macató ..... Madalag. Malinao .. Mambusao .. Navas...... Numancia.. Panay .... Panitan..... Pilar... Pontevedra Sapián. Sigma. Tagalán Tapás.. 5,904 1,298 1,002 416 1,495 1, 672 1, 843 1, 383 984 3, 184 1, 842 3,183 4, 222 1, 445 2, 121 1,940 1,537 996 3,405 1,969 3, 403 4, 303 2, 323 7, 370 10,019 4,284 12,028 16,692 4, 623 5,277 7,390 5. 150 12, 162 2, 770 2,095 881 2,940 3,793 3, 783 2, 920 1,980 6,589 3, 811 6,586 8,525 4,214 6,111 19, 343 6,455 4,833 6.491 3,181 4, 960 3, 137 2, 486 2,035 2,179 3,013 9,657 3, 336 2, 380 3, 264 1,546 2, 579 1,559 1, 201 3,098 9, 686 3,119 2, 453 3,227 1, 635 2, 381 1,578 1,285 Total Estimated, 1901 ... 95, 335 99, 867 195, 202 224, 000 There are 33 towns of more or less importance, and 184 villages. The following are the names of the towns (population of 1896 is given): Cápiz; the capital of the province, a telegraph and military station on the l. bank of the Cápiz or Panay Riv., 4 m. above its mouth. The river is navigable to the city, having from 4 to 13 ft. on the bar, and a depth of 18 ft. within the bar and up to the city. It is well built and has a small fort for its defense. It has a large native trade, particularly in rice, and is a place of call for steamers. Pop., 13,676. Banga; on r. bank of Aclán Riy., above Calivo, at the headwaters of a stream emptying into Batán port, 7 m. inland and 28 m. W. of Cápiz. Batán; on the E. shore of the bay of that name, 17 m. W. of Cápiz. Pop., 12,908. Balete; at the headwaters of the stream emptying into Batán port, 25 m. WSW. of Cápiz. Pop., 5,065. Buruanga; on a small bay on the extreme NW. coast, 66 m. WNW. of Cápiz. Pop., 3,967. Calivo; a military station on the main N. coast road, 13 m. above the mouth of an important river, 30 m. W. by N. of Cápiz. Pop., 10,865. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 435 Cuartero; on the r. bank of the Maindán Riv., 15. m. SSW. of Cápiz. Pop., 5,175. Dao; a military station on the 1. bank of the Maindán Riv., near its junction with the Cápiz, 15 m. SW. of Cápiz. Pop., 8,787. Dumarao; a military station on the 1. bank of the Badbaran, tributary of the Cápiz Riv., 20 m. S. of Cápiz. Pop., 5,085. Dumálag; on the r. bank of the upper Cápiz Riv., 21 m. SSW. of Cápiz. Pop., 8,000. Ibajay; a military station on the entrance point of a bay 48 m. WNW. of Cápiz. Pop., 11,351. Ivisan; 23 m. E. of Sapián Bay, and 54 m. SW. of Cápiz. Pop., 5,000. Jagnaya; on the r. bank of the Malinannang, tributary of the Cápiz Riv., 34 m. SW. of Cápiz. Pop., 2,500. Jimeno; a military station near SE. shore of Batán port, 17 m. WSW. of Cápiz. Pop., 3,278. Jamingdán; at the headwaters of the Malinannang, the W. tributary of the Cápiz Riv., 26 m. WSW. of Cápiz. Pop., 5,000. Lézo; on the 1. bank of an important river, 2 m. SE. of Numancia and 30 m. W. by N. of Cápiz. Pop., 5,500. Libacao; on the r. bank of an important river, 20 m. above its mouth, near the boundary of Antique, 31 m. WSW. of Cápiz. Pop., 3,914. Loctugan; on the l. bank of the Cápiz Riv., 3 m. S. of Cápiz. Pop., 3,475. Maayon; on the l. bank of the Maayon tributary of the Cápiz Riv., 10 m. S. of Cápiz. Pop., 1,616. Macató; a military station on the l. bank of a river, 4 m. from the coast and 35 m. W. by N. of Cápiz. Pop., 10,136. Madalag; on the l. bank of an important river, 13 m. from the sea, near the Antique boundary, 29 m. WSW. of Cápiz. Pop., 2,684. Malínao; a military station on the 1. bank of an important river, 54 m. above its mouth and 30 m. W. of Cápiz. Pop., 10,296. Mambusao; a military station on the l. bank of the Cápiz Riv., 17 m. SW. of Cápiz. Pop., 11,000. Navas; on the SW. shore of a small bay 50 m. WNW. of Cápiz and opposite Ibajay, on the same bay. Pop., 5,257. Numancia; on the road between Calivo and Macató, 2, m. inland, 32 m. W. by N. of Cápiz. Pop., 6,123. Panay; 3 m. SE. of Cápiz. Pop., 15,484. Panitan; on the l. bank of the Cápiz Riv., 7 m. S. of Cápiz. Pop., 10,020. Pilar; on the E. shore of a large bay, 18 m. ESE. of Cápiz. Pop., 2,895. Pontevedra; 13 m. SE. of Cápiz. Pop., 9,512.. Sapián; 2 m. inland from the bay of the same name, 11 m. SW. of Cápiz. Pop., 4,863. Sigma; on the r. bank of the Cápiz Riv., 16 m. SW. of Cápiz. Tangalán; at the mouth of a river, 41 m. WNW. of Cápiz. Pop., 2,982. Tapás; on the 1. bank of the upper Cápiz Riv., 26 m. ssw. of Cápiz, near the Iloilo boundary. Pop., 2,892. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. NB 7 . The dependent islands off the coast of Cápiz province, Panay, are- sq. Banocay, in the entrance to a bay on the NE, coast ... Batán; 4 unnamed islands within the port of this name .... Batoang Bagi; S. of Colasi Pt.... Buracay; 11 m. off the extreme NW., 4; m. N. and S., 2 m. E. and W.; village of Buracay occupies a small bay on the SE, shore and Manoc-Manoc on the extreme SW. of the islande. Magatalijan; 1 m. W. of Olutaya I ..... Mahabang Pulo; a small islet in the entrance to Sapián Bay. Malay; an islet in Sapián Bay ...... Maraoa; an island in the entrance to Sapián Bay...... Masulag: an islet off the entrance to Sapián Bay............ Matalinga; 21 m. E. of Nipa Pt...... Nagtig Naptig); 3 m. NW. of Pirara Pt........ Olutaya; 4 m. N. of Pirara Pt.; coast of the island forms little bays in which coasters find anchorage in 3 to 4 ims ..... Pandán; the central and largest island of a group of 6 islands within Batán port, 2! by 1 m. Tabón; the southernmost of a group of 6 islands within the port of Batán.. Taguadian, 3 islets immediately off Tabón Pt. in the extreme NW. coast..... Tuad; 4 m. sw. of Colasi Pt. Also the following islands; Cabay, Carabes, Fued, Mobary, Nasamba.. ............. Dependent islets and islands, 30; total area .. 436 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The agricultural products are rice, sugar, tobacco, hemp, indigo, chocolate, and corn. Pastoral pursuits constitute a large part of the agricultural wealth of the province. The statistics show 45,624 head of cattle and horses, with an approximate value of $324,504. MINERALS. There are working mines of gold. Iron is found in different parts of the province. FORESTS. The forest products of Cápiz are abundant, there being not less than 87 species of building woods. There is a large yield of pitch and resin. FRUITS. The manga, ates, mangosteen, tampoy, sapote, and banana in great variety thrive abundantly. INDUSTRIES. The manufacture of alcohol is of special importance, the annual product aggregat- ing more than $500,000 liters. There is a large manufacture of sugar sacks, hats of palm leaf, and baskets; also fabrics of silk, cotton, and hemp. The trade of the province is conducted at weekly fairs held on indicated days in all the towns. The principal articles of barter are rice, hemp, pineapples, fiber cloth, and dried fish. In 1886, 2,000,000 cabanes of palay (rice) was produced for export in Pontevedra on 20 sugar plantations. The nipa groves produced 125,000 arrobas of wine. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. Cápiz was occupied by the forces of the Visayan military district in the summer of 1899. On February 15, 1902, the following were the military stations in Cápiz: Calivo a Cápizó. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Cápiz was created under the “provincial government act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the Philippine Commission April 15, 1901, to include that territory in the island of Panay, known as the province of Cápiz.'» PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States currency.] Governor $1,700 Secretary 1, 200 Treasurer 2,000 Supervisor.. 1, 800 Fiscal. 1,200 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceeding $2.50 per day, as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province meet and organize on the third Monday in January, April, and July, to consider improve- ments needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. CONDITIONS. “Ever since April 15, 1901, when the honorable civil commission established civil government in this province, the pueblos, deeply perturbed by the successive wars from 1897 to 1901, entered with a vim into civil rule, and the organization of the municipalities in the 34 pueblos was carried out without any disturbance of any kind, as though the people had been accustomed for a long time to such laws. a Telegraph. • Telephone. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 437 "So pronounced is the public spirit for the preservation of order and the mainte- nance of civil institutions that at the beginning of October last, shortly after the unhappy event at Balangiga, island of Sámar, some bad patriots with perverse inten- tions spread the rumor that 40 revolutionists from Sámar, well armed with rifles, had disembarked, and that on the 1st of November the bolomen were going to cut the throats of all the Americans and Americanistas. These rumors found attention in the military, who took every kind of precautions, despite the fact that from reports received by this Government the whole thing was false and intended only to alarm the people and see if the pueblos would become disturbed. The result was that the pueblos unanimously were vigilant in their desire to maintain peace and disposed to sacrifice themselves in the interest of order, as was reported by the presidentes of the pueblos in reply to recommendations made by this Government. "The public instruction is giving very favorable results through the appointment of American teachers and already the number of children who begin to speak English is quite large, and all of them are anxious to become acquainted with the modern American methods of instruction.” (Official report of native provincial governor, December 20, 1901.) CÁPIZ (cah'-pith), ver.; one of most important rivers of archipelago, in Cápiz, Panay. Formed of Malinannang from W. and Maayon from SE. Many important towns lie along its banks and tributaries. It is protected at its mouth by bar having 13 ft. Within bar depth becomes 18 ft., which river continues for 3 m. to Cápiz, which carries on brisk native trade, chiefly export of rice. Steamers from Manila call weekly. - open water N. of Panay, sometimes called "Sea of Capiz.” Flood stream enters from W. by passage between Panay and Carabao and Tablas, and also by passage between Tablas and Romblon and Sibuyan, and ebbs in reverse direction by same passages. These islands form W. and N. boundaries of sea. Masbate lies on E. and N. coast of Panay on S. - pueblo, capital of province of same name. Pop., 13,676. (See Cápiz, province of.) CAPNOYAN (cap-nawl-yahn), ver.; island 449 ft. high, 1, m. in diameter, 97 m. SW. of Cuyo, Cuyos grp., Mindoro Sea. CÁPOAS (cah-poh-as), ver.; table land 3,350 ft. high, 16 m. NE. of Boayan I., with conspic- uous land slip. Rises near SE. extremity of extensive peninsula N. of Malampaya sound, NW. coast of Palawan. - bold projecting cape, 7 m. NW. of Emer- gency Pt., with 2 peaks and extreme W. point of peninsula, upon which Cápoas is situated, NW. coast of Palawan. CAPOCPOCANAN (cah-poc-paw-cah'-nahn); island off E. coast of Sámar, 64 m. S. of Hernani. CAPONES (cah-paw'-nays), Sp.; island off coast of Zambales, Luzón. Largest of 3 islands, Great Capones, lies 2, m. WNW. from point of same name. On island is filash white light 228 ft. above high water; house 53 ft. high of brick. - point on most W. mainland of this part of Luzón coast in Zambales, an important land mark to vessels passing along coast to and from China. Bears N. 60 m. from Cabra or Goat I., is high, bare, and reddish, having 3 islands to NW. of it, largest being Great Capones. CAPOOCAN (cah-paw-aw'-cahn). ver.: mountain in W. central Leyte, 11 m. NNW. of Albuera. -- pueblo on N. shore of Leyte, 22 m. W. of Tacloban. Pop., 1,622. CAPOTE (cah-poh'tay), Sp.; mountain in Polillo I., off Infanta Luzón. CAPOTOAN (cah-paw-taw'ahn), ver.; mountain in N. central Sámar, 12 m. S. of Catúbig, from which flows most N, spring of Bac-bao Ban- gahon Riv., which empties on SW. coast. CAPROCAN (cah-proh'-cun), ver.; mountain in Leyte. CAPSÄLAY (Cap-sah'-lie), ver.; island of group forming NE. side of Barton Bay, on W. coast of N. Palawan. CAPSUEGAN (cup-sway'-gun), nat.; central of 4 peaks inland from Broken Head, Eshore Ulu- gan Bay, W. coast of Palawan. CAPTIDARAN (cap-tee-dah -rahn), ver.; hamlet on SE. shore of Igan Bay, W. coast of Guima- rás I, off Iloilo, Panay, 12 m. SSW. of Nagaba. CAPU (cah'-poo): village on NW. shore of Sorso- gón port, Sorsogón, Luzón, SE. of mouth of Palixet Riv. CAPUA (cah-pwah), nat.; mountain in Palawan, lat. 10° 50' N. CAPUAL, or KAUPAL (cah-poo-al'), ver.; island 37 m. E. and W. and 21 m. N. and S., 1,036 ft. high, 1 m. off NE. extreme of Sulu I., Sulu A. CAPUCAN (cah-pool-can); river and village of Leyte. See Capoocan. CAPUL (cah-pool'), ver.; island 8 by 2 m., one of chain on s. side of strait of San Bernardino, stretching from Sámar, E., with which it is grouped, toward Ticao I., W. It is also in center of channel S. to Leyte and central islands of Visayan grp. Chief town, Capul. -- pueblo of island of that name in San Ber- nardino Strait, on bay opening toward NE. Pop. 2,295. -point in N. island of Capul, San Bernardino Strait, between Sorsogon and Sámar. CAPULAÁN (cah-poo-lah-ahn'), Tag.; inlet in SW. Tayabas, Luzón. CAPULAN (cah-pool-lahn), nat.; island off S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. CAPULAO (cah-poo-lah'-00), ver.; hamlet on E. coast of Bohol, 3 m. N. of Libás Pt. CAPULAYO (cah-poo-lah'-yoh), nat.; hamlet of Ambos Camarines Norte), on river of same name. river of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón; rises in center of province and empties into Guinayangan Bay on S. coast. CAPULGAN (cah-pool'-gan); mountain in sw. Leyte, 10 m. E. of Hilongos. CAPULUAN (cah-poo-lool-ahn), nat.; point in SE. Tayabas, Luzón. - rocky island off SE. coast of Tayabas, Lu- zón, in Guinayangan Bay. CAPULUJAN (cah-poo-loo'-hahn), ver.; moun- tain in central range of Masbate I., Visayas, 12 m. S. of Masbate. CAPUNGUNAN (cah-poong-00'-nun), ver.; moun- tain in E. Mindanao. CAPUNTACAN (cah-poon-tah'-cahn), ver.; low spur in Albay, Luzon, off volcano of Albay and near provincial capital. CAPUNTUCAN (cah-poon-tool-cahn), nat.; point at mouth of Sabang Riv., SE. side of Legaspi, on SW, shore of Albay Gulf, Luzon. CAPUNUYPUGAN (cah-poo-nooy-poo'-gahn), ver.; point on NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 6 m. S. of Tugas and 17 m. NW. of Cáuit Pts., form- ing headlands and extensive bight on that shore. 438 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CAPUTANAN (cah-poo-tah'-nahn), Tag., hamlet CARABALLOS SUR-Continued. in Cavite, Luzón, 17 m. SW. of Cavite. province of Tayabas, where it divides into 2 CAPUTÍAN (cah-poo-tee'-ahn) (means whiteness), spurs, which extend, respectively, one more nat.; mountain on W. of Yabasan Riv., 10 m. toward S. in above-mentioned province to NW. of Sulat, in E. Sámar. Pt. Bondog, where it ends, and the other to- ward NE., only to turn later again to E., in CAPYÁS (cah-peeahs'), nat.; island on W. coast end of Calagua, cross province of Ambos Ca- of Palawan, lat. 8° 34' N. marines Norte), turn again toward SE., enter CARA (cah'-rah), Sp.; hamlet in Benguet, Luzón, province of Ambos Camarines (Sur) and Al- 13 m. NE. of Trinidad. Pop., 502. bay, until it ends in spurs of volcano Bulusan, CARABAHOL (cah-rah-bah-hall'), ver.; mountain facing strait of San Bernardino. Among in Bohol, Visayas. branches of this great range, besides division of Tayabas, which, separating from Caraba- CARABALLO (cah-rah-bah'-lyoh), Hisp.; river in llos de Baler, takes direction of NE. until it N. Luzon. ends in Pt. Encento, on S. side of bay of Baler, - mountains in Ambos Camarines, Luzón, are those which extend through provinces of taining gold and iron. Bulacan and Rizal, and those of Colasi and CARABALLO CHICO (cah-rah-bah'-lyoh chee'. Bacaray, in province of Ambos Camarines coh), Hisp., mountain in Ilocos Norte, Luzón. (Norte). CARABALLO NORTE (cah-rah-bah'-lyoh nor' CARABAO (cah-rah-bah'-00), nat.; island 718 ft. tay), Hisp.; high mountain near N. coast of high, 6 by 4 m., between Tablas I., 10 m. on Ilocos Norte, Luzon. NE., and Buracay (Borokai) I., 5 m. on S., off CARABALLOS DE BALER (cah-rah-bah-lyohs NW. extreme of Panay I.; anchorage is on W. day bah-ląyr'), Hisp.; peak in Carballos Sur, side, near West Pt. in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. island off shore of Cavite, Luzón, on S. side CARABALLOS OCCIDENTALES (cah-rah-bah'- of main channel into Manila Bay, 33 m. SW. lyhos oke-thee-dayn-tah'-lace), Hisp.; one of of Manila. 3 great ranges of Luzon trending approxi -- inlet in NW. Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, mately N. and divided into central range, Luzón. which runs three-fourths of its length before - point on shore of Catanduanes I., NE. of it separates between provinces of Abra, Ilo- Albay, Luzón. cos Norte, and Cagayán, and N. range, from division mentioned to most N. part of Luzón, CARABDAPAL (cah-rub-dah-pahl'), nat.; point called Pt. Pata. Its total length is about 150 on N. coast of Sámar, and E. head to Lagúan m., separating provinces of Pangasinan, channel. Unión, Abra, and district of Benguet from CARABUCA (cah-rah-boo'-cah), ver.; point on E. Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, and Cagayán. De shore of Dumanquilas Bay, S. coast of Zam- parting from Cabalisan, near Caraballos Sur boanga, Mindanao. toward N., district of Benguet, in which rise CARACAYA (cah-rah-cah'-yah), ver.; hamlet in ridges of Pinos and Bayabas, is left to W. of NE. Cápiz, Panay, 8 m. S. of Mayon. principal range. In 1 range of hills of little importance rise rivers Abra and Agno Grande, CARAG (cah-rug'), nat.; bay formed by islands which flow, former toward N., latter toward off coast of Albay. S. Mts. Biumaca, Tapan, Cabuman, Ton CARAGA (cah-rah'-gah), ver.; hamlet on N. side glon (2,261 meters), Lugsen, and peak of Bay of bay of same name, E. coast of Surigao, Min- abas (1,520 meters) are most important of danao, 190 m. SSE. of Surigao. heights between Union and Benguet. To W. - bay semicircular in form opening to E. of Caraballos Sur, about one-half distance between Sankol and Pusan Pts., 2 m., and from this mountain to Gulf of Casiguran, is penetrating inland about same distance. Mt. Data (2,500 meters), one of most con- Sankol village stands on shore near point spicuous of whole region. Its branches run with cocoanut plantation adjoining it. An- in general direction of N. and S. Among chorage lies WNW. of Pusan Pt., but is much them rises Sabagan range of mountains, which exposed. Another, off Tubu, on S. side shel- extends toward district of Bontoc to E., and tered from S. winds. Only place on S. coast also chain called Polis, highest region of that where there is sand beach. country. From ridge of Polis, giving place to valley of Sapan, there rise in turn other small lake in N. Mindanao. branches, which, with NE. trend extend to - pueblo on shore of small bay on E. coast of Bontoc and Cagayán, and unite with second Surigao, Mindanao, NW. of Casoman Pt., 189 principal range. In this range are sources of m. SSE. of Surigao. Pop., 8,690. several tributaries to river Abra and Agno. At CARAGAS (cah-rah-gahs), ver.; mountain on N. W. boundary of district of Lepanto, and form- shore of W. Sámar. ing division between it and province of Ilocos CARAGAUAN (cah-rah-gah'-wahn),ver.; S. branch Sur, extend ranges of Tila and Malaya, which run SE., entering district of Benguet, where of Bacog Riv. in W. Antique, Panay. they join spur of Data. Boundary between CARAGHÁN (cah-rug-hun'), nat.; village on s. provinces of Abra and Ilocos Sur consists of shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Luzón. range which runs parallel to principal one from S. to N., thus holding province of Abra CARAHUMAN (cah-rah-hoo'-mahn), ver.; hamlet between 2 large ranges. On account of rough- 3 m. NW. of Calbayoe, Sámar. ness and wildness of these 2 crests numerous | CARAI (cah-rye'), nat.; river entering on SW. tribes of Igorrotes there find shelter. From shore of Bacul Bay, extreme NE. coast of Caraballos Norte, which forms extreme N. Iloilo, Panay. point of great range, starts toward W. branch called Caraballos Chico. From last extend | CARAÍMAN (cah-rah-eel-mahn), ver.; hamlet in 2 ranges of mountains, which, running par Sámar, 1 m. from Santa Margarita. allel toward S., enter province of Ilocos Sur. CARAMORAN (cah-rah-moh'-run), ver.; pueblo CARABALLOS SUR (cah-rah-bah'-lyohs soor), on W. shore of Catanduanes I., NW. of Albay, Hisp.; E. and SE, ranges, third in importance Luzón, 22 m. E. of town of same name on in Luzón, less in height than others; its direc- mainland in Ambos Camarines (Sur). Pop., tion is more irregular, and its length twice 908. that of Caraballos Occidentales, extending from Caraballos de Baler to strait of San CARAMÚAN, or CARAMOAN (cah rah-moo'-ahn, Bernardino. Its trend from point of sepa- cah-rah-moh'-an), ver.; pueblo in extreme ration to boundary of province of Laguna SE. part of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, and Tayabas is N. and s. From Bana hao on l. shore of Manapol Riv. emptying into Pa- range turns to SE., which direction it main cific Ocean, 6 m. W. of Caramuan Pt. and 48 tains invariably until near Guinayangan, in m. ENE. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 6,697. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 439 CARAMÚAN, or CARAMOAN; peninsula on NE. | CAREY, or SAGÁI, or BETO (cah-ray', sah'-gi, shore of Ambos Camarines connected with bay'-taw). ver.; NE. extremity of Negros 1. main body of island by isthmus Ysárog. (See Beto.) - mountain in Ambos Camarines, Luzón. CARIDAD (cah-ree-dad'), Sp.; pueblo on Manila - point NE. shore of Ambos Camarines (Sur). road, between San Roque and Cavite el Viejo, Luzón, 4 m. E. of Caramúan port and oppo- 10 m. sw. of Manila in direct line, and 3 m. site Catanduanes I. SW. of Cavite, in Cavite, Luzón. Pop., 1,258. CARIG (cah-rig'), ver.; pueblo in S. Isabela, Lu- - peak in Caraballos Sur, in Ambos Cama- zón, on main road from Ilagan, S. to Bayom- rines, Luzón. bong, 30 m. SW. of former point. Pop., 2,447. CARANAN (cah-rah'-nun), nat.; point on SW. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, in CARIGÁN (cah-ree-gahn'), ver.; point on SE. coast pueblo of Libanan. of Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol, 2 m. SE. of Lacy. CARIGARA (cah-ree-gah -rah), ver.; pueblo on N. CARANCARAN (cah-rahn-cah'-rahn), nat.; ham- let on N. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A., 22 m. E. of shore of Leyte, 21 m. WNW. of Tacloban. Sulu. Tulayan I. lies to NW. and shelters Pop., 13,732. anchorage. - inlet in N. Leyte. CARANDAGÁ (cah-run-dah-gah'), nat., island off CARINGO (cah-reen'-gaw), ver.; island, Ambos E. coast of Palawan. Camarines (Norte). CARANDURIN (cah-rahn-doo'-rin), nat.; village CARITAN (cah-reel-tahn), nat.; pueblo on W. on island of Balábac, off SW. extreme of Pala- coast of Antique, Panay, 19 m. N. of San José wan. de Buenavista. Pop., 1,240. CÁRANG (cah'rung), nat.; mountain in Panay. CARIUALA (cah-ree-wah'-lah), ver.; hamlet in CARANGAS (cah-rang'-ass), ver.; S. tributary of SE. Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. S. of Zárraga. Ulut Riv., in E. Sámar. CARLAGA (Cahr-lah'-gah), nat.; stream entering CARANGCÁRANG (cah-rang-cah'-rang), nat.; vil- on NE. shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Lu- lage S. of Petley Pt., s. side of Sulu I., on S. zón, 2 m. E. of Sorsogon. shore Dalrymple harbor, Sulu A. CARLATÁN (cur-lah-tahn'), nat.; village at S. out- CARANG-DALTÓ, or KARANGDATO (cah-rang. let of lagoon of same name, on NE. shore of dahl-taw', cah-rang-dah'-toh), yer.; hamlet San Fernando harbor, 1 m. N. of San Fer- on shore of Tutu Bay, S. coast of Sulu I., nando, Unión, Luzón. Sulu A. CARLES (car-lays'), Sp.; pueblo of Concepción, - point in Sulu I., Sulu A. Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. SW. of Bulacaue, extreme NE. point of island, 25 m. N. of Concepción. CARANHÁN (cah-ran-hahn'), ver.; point on W. Pop., 10,300. shore of Albay, Luzon, between Calusi and Candán Pts. CARLOTA (car-law'-tah), Sp.; one of Dos Her- - point on S. side of entrance to Matnog Bay, manas Is. (q. v.), E. of Mindoro I. on SE. shore of Albay, Luzón. CARLOTA, LA (car-loh'-tah, lah), Sp.; pueblo in Negros Oriental, 35 m. from Bacolod. In- CARANISAN, or CARANIOAN (cah-rah-nee'-sahn, sular government owns plantation of 2.000 cah-rah-nee'-wahn), ver.: port on N. coast of acres at this point. Pop., Cn. 1887, 6,386. Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon, at foot of highest mountain on that part of coast. CARLOTA, or SIMANCA (car-law'-tah, see-mahn'- cah), Sp.; inland town of Negros Occidental, - point dividing waters of Mamburao Bay on W. coast of Mindoro. 18 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 12,384. CARANSÁN (cah-rahn-sahn'), ver.; hamlet in CARMELO (car-may-law), Sp.; point and hamlet on E. shore of strait of Tañón, 4 m. SW. of Sorsogon, Luzon. In vicinity are coal veins, Tuburan. same as extend into Catbalogan, Sámar. CARANYÁN (cah-rahn-yahn'), ver.; hamlet in CARMEN (carl-mayn), Sp.; pueblo in Central CA Sámar, on 1. shore of river entering sea at Bohol, 271 m. N E. of Tagbilaran. Pop., 3,300. Catarmán, 2. m. NE. - town on E. shore of Davao Gulf, Davao, CARAO (cah-rah'-00), rat.; town in Benguet, Mindanao, opposite Sámal I., and 28 m. E. of Luzón. Dávao. - bay on NW. coast of Catanduanes I., Luzón, - hamlet in N. Central Cápiz, Panay, 4 m. offering fair anchorage, and only one on W. W. of Cuartero. coast. - hamlet in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 10 m. NW. - point on N. side of bay of that name, by N. of San Isidro. Catanduanes I., Albay, Luzón. - island surrounded by navigable channels on upper Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Lanao, CARAPADAS (cah-rah-pah'-dahs); point on NW. Mindanao. shore of Libás port, E. coast of Sámar. CARMEN, or PORT BUGUT (car-mayn, boo-goot'), CARAPDAPAT (cah-rap-dah-pat'), ver.; point in Sp.; pueblo on E. coast of Cebu, 22 m. N. of N. Sámar. Cebú. Pop., 6,673. Port is small nook 3 m. CARATAYA (cah-rah-tah'-yah), ver.; town in NW. of Danao Pt., sheltered by Papu islet. Cápiz, Panay. Town on S. side consists of about 20 houses. CARAUAN (cah-rah'-wahn), ver.; point on ex- CARMINA (car-mee'-nah), Sp.; town in Siquijor treme SW. coast of Albay, Luzón. I., SW. of Bohol. CARAUÍSAO (cah-rah-we'-sah-oo), ver.; hamlet in W. Antique, Panay, 4 m. SE. of Patnongon. CARMONA (car-maw'-nah), Sp.; pueblo on W. CARAY CARAY (cah-ri-cah-ri'), nat.; stream in shore of Sámal I., Davao, Mindanao, 7 m. W. Biliran I., N. of Leyte, emptying into bay SE. by E. of Dávao, across strait of Pakiputan. 1, m. S. of Naval. - pueblo in Cavite, Luzón, 15 m. SE. of Ca- vite, near Lagnina boundary, Pop., 3,959. CÁRCAR (cahr'-cahr), ver.; pueblo on E. coast of Cebú, 23 m. SW. of Cebú, on Cárcar Bay, shel- CARNASA (car-nah-sah), ver.; island 2 by 1 m.in tered by islet. Pop., 30,300. midchannel, 13 m, s. of Masbate and 14 m. N. - point 21 m. E. of town of that name, E. of Cebu. coast of Cebú. CAROLAN (cah-roh'-lahn), ver.; hamlet of Ne- -- port and river on E. coast of Cebú, in pueblo gros Occidental, on 1. bank of Nitomayan, 10% of same name. m. SE. of Cabancalan. CARDONA (cahr-daw'-nah), Sp.; pueblo in Rizal, CAROLINA (cah-raw-lee'-nah). Sp.: hamlet in Luzon, 3 m. S. of Morong, Pop., 2,641. SW. Iloilo, Panay, 1} m. NW. of Tubungan. 440 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CAROMATA (cah-raw-mah'-tah), Hisp.; bay on CASIGNÁN (cah-sig-nahn), ver.; town inland on NE. shore of Illana Bay, in Cotabato, Min river emptying into Baler Bay, Príncipe, danao. Luzón, 7 m. NE. of Baler. Pop., 267. - hamlet on NE.shore of bay of same name, -- river rising in E. slopes of Sierra Madre, in on Illana Bay, in Cotabato, Mindanao. Principe, Luzon, and emptying into bay of - mountain in range paralleling Illana Bay, Baler. 123 m. W. of S. shore of Lake Lanao, near CASIGURAN (cah-see-goo'-run), nat.; pueblo near boundary between Misamis and Cotabato on boundary between Príncipe and Isabela, S., in Misamis, Mindanao. Luzón, at mouth of river entering head of CAROT (cah-rot'). ver.; mountain on r, bank of narrow bay of same name, 17 m. long and at Yabasan Riy., 8 m. W. of San Julián. foot of one of loftiest elevations of Sierra Madre, crest of which, 12 m. inland, forms CARPINETO (car-pee-nay'-toh), Sp.; town on l. boundary between Príncipe and Nueva Viz- bank of river entering sea on E. coast of Suri- caya provinces, Luzón. Is 42 m. NE. of Baler. gao, Mindanao, N. of San Cop Pt., 118 m. SSE. By trail 28 m. in W. direction headwaters of Surigao. of Grande de Cagayán Riv. can be reached, CARRANGLÁN (cah-rrahn-glahn'), Tag.; pueblo Stream navigable for small boats, thence tak- of Nueva Ecija, Luzón, on highway to Manila, ing N. course passes entirely across Luzón 45 m. NE. of San Isidro, at headwaters of provinces of Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, and Grande de la Pampanga Riv. Pop., 937. Cagayán, and empties into Pacific Ocean on - river in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. N. coast. Pop., Cn. 1896, 1,804. CARRASCAL (cah-rras-cahl'), Sp.; pueblo on SW. - NE. end of long and narrow body of water shore of bay on NE. coast of Surigao, Min- carrying 16 to 26 fms. on E. coast of Prín- danao, 38 m. SE. of Surigao, and 4 m. inland cipe, Luzon, known as Casiguran Sound. Bay from Tugas Pt. Pop., 1887, 1,929. is entered toward NE. from sound by very narrow channel with peak 300 ft. high on CARSOGLAN (car-saw-glahn'), ver.; mountain N. E. and Sandy Pt. on W. of and connecting with Peel Range, midway between Table Pt. and North West Head, and - sound 14 m. from SW. to NE., and 9 m. forming part of range overlooking Oyster in- at entrance between Ildefonso C., extreme let, Ulugan Bay. On peninsula N. these hills point of Ildefonso Pen., which paralleling form head of inlets of Ulugan Bay, W. coast mainland separates sound from Pacific Ocean; of Palawan, 90 fms. in entrance, shallowing to 26 fms. at channel to bay of same name. Baltimore CARTAGENA (car-tah-hayl-nah). Sp.: hamlet and Peak, 600 ft. high, on Ildefonso Pen., is land- bay of Negros Occidental on W. coast, 3 m. S. mark of approach. of Inayauan. - pueblo on SE. shore of Sorsogon Bay, Sor- CARUDIANANG (cah-roo-dee-ah-nung'), ver.; cra- sogón, Luzón, across small bay 6 m. wide. ter in W. Antique, Panay, at headwaters of W. side open to sea and is protected by Baga- Paliuan Riv., 10 m. E. of Nalupa Nuevo. lao I., in front of it. Pop., Cn. 1887, 5,528. CARUGÚA, or CARUGU (cah-roo-goo'-ah, cah-roo' In 1850 quicksilver was discovered on part goo), ver.; river on N. coast of Negros Occi of coast now covered by sea. Bed of de- dental, posit consisted of stratum of clay 6 ft. deep CARÚRAY (cah-roof-ri), ver.; hamlet on inlet superimposed over layer of volcanic sand of Tibbvon (Jibboom),.coast of N. Palawan, and pumice. From this town Mt. Bulusan 46, m. NNE. of Puerto Princesa. volcano may be seen in SE. and Mt. Mayon in NW. Sea at this point also makes great CARUYUCA (cah-roo-yoo'-cah), ver.; point in inroads upon coast. Leyte. (See Rabin Pt.) - river entering on SE. shore of Sorsogon Bay CASAGORAN (cah-sah-goh'-run), ver.; town in at town of same name, in Sorsogon, Luzón. island of Homonhon, off SE. coast of Sámar. | CASILAGAN (cah-see-lah-gahn), ver.; point in CASAGURANSATÁBAG (cah-sah-goo-run-sah-tah- Zambales, Luzón. bug), ver.; mountain in Sámar. CASILARAN (cah-see-lah'-rahn), ver.; bay in SW. CASALOHAN (cah-sah-law'-hun), nat.; mountain angle of large indentation on w. shore of in Bohol. Dávao Gulf, Mindanao; Malag Riv. enters on CASANAYAN (cah-sah-nah'-yahn), ver.; hamlet SW. and forms port of that name. on great bight on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 63 CASILIAN, or BADOC (cah-see-lee'-ahn, bah- m. NE. of Pilar. dock'), ver.; river in Ilocos Norte, Luzon. CASANGAYAN (cah-sang-ah'-yahn), nat.; point CASILIHAN (cah-see-lee'-hahn), nat.; mountain in E. Sámar. in SW. Leyte, 6 m. ENE. of Matalom. CASANOVA, (cah-sah-naw-vah), Sp.; town in CASINA (cah-seel-nah), nat.; islet off SE. coast of Nueva Ecija, Luzón. Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. CASANTAAN (cah-sun-tah'-ahn), nat.; village on CASIPITAN (cah-see-peel-ton), nat.; mineral road to Dagupan, 2 m. SE. of Santo Tomás, spring in Cebú. Unión, Luzón. CASIRAHAN, or CASTRAHAN (cah-see-rah'-hahn, CASAUMÁN (cah-sah-oo-mahn'), ver.; lake in cahs-trah'-hahn), ver.; white rock 2, m. N. by Mindanao. W. of Corandagos I., 52 m. off E. coast of Para- point in E. Mindanao. gua (Palawan), opposite Taytay. CÁSAY (cah'-si), ver., hamlet on 1. bank of mouth CASIRUMAN (cah-see-roof-mahn), ver.; hamlet of Sinarugan Riv., in SW. Antique, Panay, 63 on E. coast of Leyte, 3 m. S. of Tacloban. m. E. by N. of Anini-y. CASISIGAN (cah-see-seel-gun), nat.; island off E. entrance to Candaraman inlet, Balábac grp., CASCADA (cas-cah-dah), Sp.; point midway be- off SW. point of Palawan. tween Malinao port on N. and Peninsula Pt. on S., on E. coast of Dinagat I., N. of Surigao, CASOLGAN (cah-sol-gahn), ver., channel 11 m. Mindanao. To NW. rises summit 1,726 ft. wide, separating San Miguel from Cacraray and to SW, one 2,395 ft. high. I., Off E. coast of Albay, Luzón. - point on N. side of bay on E. coast of - point on extreme NW. shore of Cacraray I., Dinagat I., off N. point of Surigao, Mindanao. off E. coast of Albay, Luzón. -- mountain in Palawan, known also as Falso CASÓNGAY (cah-song'-1), nat.: hamlet in SE. Corumi. Sámar, 6) m. SW. of Borongan. CASERTO BACO (cah-sa yr'-taw bah'-caw), ver.; CASTELLANO (cas-tay-lyah'-noh), Sp.; hamlet hamlet on W. coast of Biliran I., off N. coast on main road on 1. bank of Grande de la of Leyte, 3 m. NW. of Biliran. Pampanga Riv., 3 m. NE. of San Isidro. PORT CATAINGAN THE NORRIS PETERS CO PHOTO-THO WASINGTON DC s Doc 80 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 441 CASTILLA (cas-teel-lyah). Sp.: pueblo on NW. CATABAUAN (cah-tah-bah'-wahn), Tag.: creek in shore of Sorsogon Bay, Sorsogon, Luzon. Tayabas, Luzón. Pop., 2,353. CATABLAS (cah-tah'-blas), ver.; river emptying port between reefs on N. side of middle into Guimarás Strait, 1 m. N. of Minulúan, and E. Bucas Is., S. side of Dapá channel; open Negros Occidental. to N. by narrow passage on NE. coast of Suri- - river in central Luzon. gao, Mindanao. It is oval-shaped, about #m. greatest diameter, and affords safe anchorage CATACÁN (cah-tah-cahn'); village on E. shore of for vessels of light draft. Putiao port, SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón.. CASTILLEJOS (cas-tee-lyay'-haws), Sp.; pueblo CATADMÁN (cah-tad-mahn'); point on E. coast on high road to Súbic in Zambales, Luzón, 28 of Cebú. (See Danao Pt.) m. SE. of Iba. Pop., 3,357. - point on Panglao I., SW. of Bohol, CASTILLO (cahs-teel-lyoh), Sp.: point and village town on N. coast of Sámar at mouth of on N. shore of Putiao port, m. E. of Pilar, river of same name. (See Catarmán.) SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. CATADONGAN (cah-tah-dong'-ahn), ver.; hamlet CASTILLO, DEL (cahs-teel-lyoh, dayl) Sp.; point in central Sámar, E. of upper waters of Bac- on E. coast of S. Palawan, forming N. head of hao Bangahón Riv. Honda Bay. CATAGBACAN (cah-tag-bah-cahn'), nat.; hamlet CASTLE, for.; point on N. shore of Honda (deep) on W. coast of Bohol, 4. m. SW. of Calape. Bay, E. coast of Palawan, so named on account CATAGBARAN (cah-tag-bah -rahn), ver.; moun- of protuberance on brow; also beginning of tain in N. Leyte, 7 m. SW. of Capoocan. bold range which borders coast to Islas Verdes or Green Island Bay to NW. About 2, m. W. CATAGMAN (cah-tug-mahn'), ver.; hamlet at of point is river navigable for boats. headwaters of Bac-hao Bangahón, in central Sámar. - on one of N. of small chain of wooded islands lying across entrance to Taytay Bay, CATAGUPAN (cah-tah-goo'-pun), nat.; village on E. coast of Paragua (Palawan), 750 ft. high island of Balábac, off sw. extreme of Pala- and about 1 m. NNW. of Icadambanauan." wan. CASTLE PEAK, for.; peninsula forming SE. por CATAÍNGAN (cah-tah-eeng'-ahn), ver.; port 6 m. tion of Maytiaguid I., off NE. coast of Para long and 2 m. wide, formed by narrow pen- gua (Palawan). insula on Pacific side, SE. coast of Masbate I. CASTLÍN (cas-tlin'), ver.; hamlet and stream 1 m. Town of same name on its NW. shores. Bad- E. on E. trend of coast of Negros Occidental, ley Is. lie in its entrance and Del Este Pt. is S. shore of Guimarás Strait, 64 m. W. of Isio. its w. head. CASTRAHAN (cas-trah'-hahn), ver. (See Casira- -pueblo on NW. shore of port of that name han, of Corandagos grp., E. of Paragua (Pala- in SE. Masbate I. Lat. 120 08' N.; lon. 1230 59' 25'' E. Pueblo also embraces Ticao. Pop., wan). Cn. 1887, 1,561. CASUARINA (cah-swah-ree-nah), ver.; point on E. coast of Paragua (Palawan); N. end of Rosa CATAÍSAN (cah-tah-ee'-sun), nat.; point at N. or Sombrero I. lies 14 m. E. end of narrow peninsula forming E. shore CASUDIANGÁN (cah-soo-dyang-ahn'), ver.; moun- of Cancabató Bay, on SE, side of Tacloban, tain in Sámar. NE. coast of Leyte. CASUL (cah-sool'), ver.; bay m. wide and 3 m. CATALA (cah-tah'-lah), nat.; mountain in Marin- deep to S. in SE. angle of Murciélagos Bay: duque. on extreme NW. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, a hill 420 ft. high rises on E. shore of Mur- CATALABAN (cah-tah-lah-bahn), nat.; island 1 ciélagos, Bay between Casul Bay and Bombón m. off E. coast of Sámar, 4 m. SE. of Tubig. Pt. CATÁLAG (cah-tah'-lag), ver.; village on bay in CASULANGOJAN (cah-soo-lang-oh'-hun) ver.; SW. part of Tablas I., W.of Romblon, Visayas. mountain in Leyte. CATALANGAN (cah-tah-lang'-ahn), ver.; river of CASULIAN (cah-soo-lee'-ahn), ver., islet SE. of E. Isabela, Luzon, tributary to Grande de Ca- Bucás Is., on S. side of entrance to Dapá chan- nel which separates Siargao I. N. from E. gayán Riv. Bucás Is., NE. of Surigao, Mindanao. (Also CATÁLAT (cah-tah'-laht), ver.; island on w.coast Casulan.) of Palawan. (See Cabalás I.) CASÚLUG (cah-soo-loog) ver.; hamlet in extreme CATALO (cah-tah'-low), Tag.; point w. coast of NE. of Misamis, Mindanao, NE. of Sala, 34 m. Marinduque I. NNE. of Cagayan de Misamis. CASUMACPÁN (cah-soo-mack-pahn'), ver.; point | CATALONGANA (cah-tah-lon-gah-nah), ver.; and hamlet at head of deep estuary formed hamlet in Abra, Luzón, in spurs of Battato on NE shore of Homonhón I., or Malhón, off Mts. on boundary with Ilocos Sur, 10 m. S. of extreme SE. point of Sámar. Bangued. CASUMALAC (cah-soo-mah-luck'), ver.; point on CATALÚAN (cah-tah-loo'-ahn), nat.; point on N. Sibuyan I., SW. of Bohol. shore of Lion Bay, landmark of Sógod Nuevo, CATAABA, or CATUGBA (cah-tah-ah-bah, cah- 8. Leyte. toogl-bah), nat.; port 4m, wide, 29 m. deep, I CATANAGUAS (cah-tah-nah'-gwahs), ver.; islands S. of Pagauanen Pt., NW. coast of Paragua 2 m. E. of Caranamoan Pt., off extreme E. Palawan. shore of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. CATABANA (cah-tah-bah-nah), ver.; hamlet at headwaters of Ibajay Riv., 3. m. NW. of Ma- CATANAUAN (cah-tah-nah'-wahn), Tag.; bay 5 m. dalag, in Cápiz, Panay. ESE. of Pt. Tuquian, SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzon, 50 m. SE. of Tayabas. Town of same CATABANGÂ (cah-tah-bang-ah'), nat.; small river name is on its NEshore. entering Ragay Bay, E. coast, in Ambos Ca - pueblo on SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, marines Norte), Luzón. on bay of same name and on l. bank of small - bay 3 m. SE. of Talkauayan Bay in Ambos river. Mangrove trees grow abundantly on Camarines (Norte), Luzón, 4 m, wide between shore. Pop., Cn. 1887 3 816. Guilbai and Bagutayok Pts., E. shore of Ragay | CATANDALAN (cah-tah-dah-lahn), nat.; prom- Gulf. ontory on Sw.coast of Albay, Luzón, opposite CATABATAN (cah-tah-bah'-ton), nat.; point E. SE. end of Ticao I., of the Masbata grp., and head of Barrera port, NE. coast Masbate, headland on E. shore of E. channel to Ragay Visayas. Gulf. 442 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CATANDUANES ISLAND. (Cah-tahn-duah-nees, nat.) A constituent part of Albay, Luzón. Chief town: Birac (Virac), lat. 13° 34' 30" N., lon. 124° 13' E. Area: Mainland, 704 sq. m., 17 dependent islands, area, 10 sq. m.; total, 714 sq. m. Population: 33,310. Race: Bícol. Language: Bícol. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzon. Table of distances. m . 232 From Birac to Manila, WNW... Legaspi, Albay, Luzon, SW. Tabaco, W ...... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The island of Catanduanes lies NE. of Albay, off the extreme E. point of Ambos Camarines, bounded on the N., E., and S. by the Pacific Ocean; on the SW. by Lagonoy Gulf, the coast of Albay lying 36 m. SW.; and on the W. by the Maqueda channel, which separates it from Ambos Camarines, 6 m. distance, and the Pacific Ocean. AREA. It measures 44 m. N. and S. and 29 m. E. and W. at its S. end; area, mainland, 704 sq. m.; 17 dependent islands, 10 sq. m.; total, 714 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The mountain system of this island consists of 3 ranges starting from Mount Catila- mong in the center, one spur radiating to the N., reaching the sea at Yog, the extreme N. point; another to the S. at Nagumbuayan, the extreme S. point; the third to the SW., reaching the coast at Agojo Pt. on the SW. The general surface is covered with low hills, and, though very irregular, the soil is fertile and well watered. The more important rivers are the Ocó, emptying on the N. coast at Payo; another, the Bató or Cabugao, the longest, emptying on the E. shore of Cabugao Bay at the town of the same name on the S. coast" (its bar nearly dries at low water); another at Birac, the capital, on the same bay. Among the other rivers are the Tinago and Jimoto on the E.; the Ilacaong, Cadog, Hitoma, Mavalang, and Codón on the W., and Pandán on the N. BAYS AND HARBORS. same name on theest, emptying oning on the n. coastad well water The W. coast is in general safe and steep. The E. coast, bordered by little islets, presents some bays with bad anchorages. Off the N. coast are various islets and shoals detached from shore to a distance of 10 m. Barás; a port on the SE. shore, N. of Nagatsa Pt., 3 m. between heads, and shel- tered by 2 islands in the entrance. Cabugao; on the S. shore, 13 m. between Nagumbuayan and Taguntún Pts., 18 fms, deep, shoaling gradually to 4 fms. near the shore. Birac, the chief town, is on the W. shore. Carao (Carabao); the larger of 2 bays on the NW. coast, between Carabao and Caramúan Pts. Palumbanes Is. lie opposite its entrance. South Anchorage, 6 m. between Minigil and Anájao Pts. on the NE. coast and sheltered by small island of Panay and the adjacent islands, Payo and Bagamanoc are on its shoreş. Jimoto; on the E. coast, between Panaran and Nagatsa Pts., 6 m. S. of the former. Payo; on the NE. coast, South Anchorage being its best port. It is sheltered by Panay and 2 smaller islands. Teresa (Boca); a roadstead on the SW. coast, opposite Calolbong. tha F. coast, between Panaran and Naga ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The means of land communication is limited, except by trail or river, the interior towns being situated on the banks of the main streams. A cart road connects Birac and Calolbong with Bató along the S. shore. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 443 POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population is 33,310, the greater part having many characteristics in common with the Visayas. The language of the island is Bícol (Vícol). There are 29 towns and 10 established hamlets, the chief towns being- Bagamanoc; at the mouth of a river entering on the SW. shore of South Anchorage Bay on the NE. coast. Pop., 1,209. Bató; on the NE. shore of Cabugao Bay on the 1. bank of the river of that name. Pop., 2,000. Biga; on the 1. bank of Ocó Riv., 3 m. above its outlet in the South Anchorage Bay on the N. coast. With Payo it has a population of 2,896. Birac (Virac); a port open to trade and military station, at the mouth of a river entering on the W. shore of Cabugao Bay. The chief town has an important trade with Manila, Albay, and Ambos Camarines on the mainland. Pop., 5,832. Cabugao; S. coast on the N. shore of a bay of the same name near the r. bank of the mouth of the Cabugao Riv., and fronted by a small islands. Pop., 2,000. Calolbong; at the mouth of a river entering Teresa roadstead on the SW. coast, with an important coastwise trade and with Albay and Ambos Camarines on the mainland. Pop., 4,382. Pop., 908. Pandán; a military station at the mouth of the river entering the bay of the same name on the extreme N. coast. It has an important trade with the neighboring islands off the coast of the mainland. Pop., 2, 153. Payo; at the mouth of the Ocó Riv., which enters what is known as the “South Anchorage,'' a deep indentation on the NE. coast fronted by Panay and several smaller islands. It has an important local trade. This town, situated higher up the river, has a population of 2,800. Sula; about the center of the island near the head waters of the Ocó Riv., 10 m. above its mouth, in the South Anchorage Bay on the N. coast. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The following islands lie off the coast of Catanduanes: sq. m. Anájao (Tambongón); off NE. coast in S. entrance to South Anchorage Bay... Biga; island in N. entrance of South Anchorage Bay between the small island of Panay and NE. shore........... An island fronting Jimoto Bay.. Horadada; 3 rocks 40 ft. high, forming chain, 5 m. off Yog, extreme N. point... Matulin; 5 m. off Yog Pt., extreme N. end of island...... Minigil; off NE. shore, 1 m. N. of point of that name off N. entrance to South Anchorage Bay: small island lies between it and the shore.... Palumbanes; 3 island3 5 m. off NW. shore, fronting Carao Bay, larger of which is 2 m. long and 1 m. wide; total area of cluster ...... Panay; off NE. coast, sheltering entrance of South Anchorage Bay; is 3 m. NE. to SW. and 1, m. from NW. to SE...... 2 islands front and shelter Barás Bay, SE. coast... 2 islands lie opposite mouth of Cabugao Riv. in bay of same name, and shelter anchorage of Bató.. 17 dependent islands, total area........ .......... VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The staples of the island are rice, cotton, corn, hemp, sesame, abacá, raised in suf- ficient quantities for domestic uses, and indigo and cocoanuts for shipment in native boats to the mainland. MINERALS. From the gravels of many of the rivers the natives gather gold, both in dust and nuggets. FORESTS. The mountains are covered with timber suitable for house and shipbuilding, including molave and juniper. FRUITS. Mangosteens, sapotes, and bananas grow both in a wild and cultivated state. 444 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. INDUSTRIES. The chief occupation of the inhabitants is the raising of horses and cattle. There is an important fishing industry in fishing and gathering shells. Also a brisk trade in Maqueda channel and Lagonoy Gulf in native products for exchange in articles of merchandise at the ports on the mainland. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. After the occupation of Albay, Legaspi, and Tabaco, on the mainland, garrisons were established on the island of Catanduanes, but these were abolished. On Feb- ruary 15, 1902, there were no garrisons on this island. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. By enactment of the Philippine Commission, July 16, 1901, the island of Catan- duanes was annexed to and included in the province of Albay, Luzon, the inhabi- tants to enjoy the same privileges and rights in the government as if the island had been originally incorporated in the province, the municipal officers of the towns in such territory to have the same relations to the provincial officers as are prescribed by the provincial government act," and acts amendatory in addition thereto. CATANDUANES, or BAGAMANOC (cah-tahn- CATARMÁN, etc.-Continued. dwah'-nes, bag-ah-mah-noc'), nat.; pueblo and empties into sea at town of same name, and port of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, on 1. bank of its mouth. Vessels head for Luzón (See Bagamanoc.) river mouth when town bears S. Anchorage - (See Bató, Catanduanes I.) is from 10 ft. to 4 fms. When river entrance is impracticable landings may be made in CATAONAN (cah-tah-aw-nahn), ver.; point on cove to E. NE. shore of Panglao I., Bohol. - point on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, CATARBAGAX (cah-tar-bah'-gan), ver.; hamlet of forming with Tambog Pt. on N. 9 m., bay pueblo of Loón, Bohol. upon which is situated Linguig town. S. of CATARÍAN (cah-tah-ree'-ahn), nat.; stream in this point is great bank which dries, and to Ilocos Sur, Luzón, in pueblo of Santa Cruz. S. of it are 2 islets surrounded by rocks. CATARINTING (cah-tah-reen-ting'), ver.; point on CATATO (cah-tah'-toh); hamlet in pueblo of Tay- Buad I., W. of Sámar. tay, Paragua (Palawan). CATARMÁN, or CATADMÁN, or CALADMÁN (cah- CATBALOGAN (cat-bah-law'-gahn), ver.; capital tar-man', cah-tad-mahn', cah-lad-mahn), and pueblo of Sámar, post-office and money- ver.; pueblo on N. coast of Sámar, with fine order station, on W. coast, on shore of bay at anchorage between 2 low points and also in mouth of Antigas Riv. 10 m. to SE.is Daram nook to S. of point which forms limit of Ca I., and beyond channel of that name most tarmán Bay. *2 peaks E. of Catarmán serve frequented sea passage between great islands as guide. In 1871 town was destroyed by vol of Sámar and Leyte through the strait of San cano which burst forth in July of that year Juanico, in direction of Mindanao. W. coast from low land on W. side of island, and in 2 of Sámar here recedes, forming large estuary months had thrown up hill fm. long, } m. in which there are numerous islands, among wide, and about 450 ft. high, destroying all them Buad. Town has large trade in hemp vegetation for miles around, and also village and cocoanut oil with Manila steamers call- of that name. At time of visit of H. M. S. ing fortnightly. Pop., 6,459. Challenger, in January, 1875, volcano had at- CATE (cah-teh'), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of Santo tained height of 1,950 ft. and was still active, Tomás, Batangas, Luzón. there being visible columns of smoke by day and series of small fires at its summit by night. CATEL (cah-tayl'), ver.; pueblo on SE. coast of Nearly all inhabitants of island, which num- Surigao, Mindanao, on bay of same name and bered at that time 11,000, took refuge on main- at mouth of river also of same name, 4., m. land. There is good anchorage in 10 fms., with NW. of Tonguil Pt., 147 m, SSE. of Surigao. bearings on Hirapsán and Palijon I. Num- Pop., 3,500. ber of rocks upon which breakers may be seen - river emptying into sea at town of that lie 3 m. from Cajoagan Is. [N. M.] Pop., Cn. name, E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 43 m. 1896, 9,052 NW. of Tonguil Pt. Coast trends S. 15 m. to - mountain SE. of town of that name at Cina blagon Pt. headwaters of fine stream entering sea, 19 m. CATETENGAN (cah-tay-tayng'-ahn), ver.; hamlet E., on N. coast of Sámar. (See Catarman in pueblo of Tuguegarao, Cagayán, Luzón, pueblo.) CATIÁNING (cah-tee-ah'-ning), ver.; hamlet in town on bay of that name, on W. coast of Pampanga, Luzón, 12 m. N. of Bacolor. Camiguin I., off NE. coast of Misamis, Minda- CATIAO (cah-tee-ah'-00), ver.; E. tributary of nao, once destroyed by earthquake. 7m. S. is stream in S. Sámar, emptying into sea 3 m. E. active volcano of Camiguin; 2m. distant is of Balangiga. summit on NW, coast, 4,797 ft. high, and 7 m. SE. another 5,338 ſt.: 2 m. E. Two Peaks Mt. CATIBATO (cah-tee-bah-toh'), Tag.; one of small forms lofty landmark for navigators in sur- lakes in pueblo of San Pablo, in SE. of La- rounding sen. Pop. 4,874. guna, Luzón. - point on Sw. coast of Leyte, 4 m. S. of CATIGBÍAN (cah-tig-beel-ahn), ver.; pueblo in Baybay. SW. Bohol, 17 m. NE. of Tagbilaran. Pop., - bay on W. side of Camiguin I., off N. coast Cn. 1896, 2,180. of Misamis, Mindanao. CATILAMONG (cah-tee-lah-mong'), ver.; moun- - river on N. coast of Sámar, rising in Cai- tain in Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzón. bago and Dinagán Mts., pursues NW. course | CATÍMAG (cah-tee-mag), Tag.; creek in Tayabas, through well-populated and fertile country Luzón. - 28 36 36 36 36 36 34 33x31 28 28 HITTINE ISLANDS X 26 26 23 23 23 23 2121 33 33 WEST COAST OF SAMAR 25 4 26 39 38 36 296 39 CATBALÔ GAN AND VICINITY 2926 Masa: 23 23 20 23 36 328 10138 13155 From a Spanish survey in 1887 to 1889 25 in 1 3.52 1 26 st 23 53 Aguada Pt. Lat. 1r6 OG'N Long 1245231E 3 21 16 58 16132 16x 15.2020 2020 21. gl 2016 1223, 2018 Maula 23 23 M Banco 16 23 23 23 28 23 10 28 26 26 36 26 30 26 26 26 26 2 59 26 2 22 21 29 16.24 23 S162920 28 298 29 23 295 2928 5 26 31 29 15 536 29 30 2920 28 12 18 23 428 31 30 28 29 x 322 29/34 3 34 34 34 29-4929 29 33 2023 33 Cagdullon Iss 33 Manis V6 28 47 54 23 . 25 2 28 29 33 267 284 64 33 33 29 29 33 St77 Candongos R 73 80 Core 2012 0 0 0.528 62 64 64 6510 38 34 20 43 54 34 33 Ana 75 75 3 5246 34 75 - 82 4 6 62 83 80 9342 whes 8077 61 70 20 62 63 64 6 6 BA BA 62 22 33 228 126 36 34 28 13 83 103 29 46 43 23 36 31 39 9 90 92 92 85 4654 08 99 77 41 s&N ORTH CHANNEL 103 16 129 128 121 128 121 95 80 113 95 15 115 103 108 34 232 24 24 20 28 24 24 52 TBALOGAN 25 26 5936 35 23 33 3328 2820 20 2624 13 Lutad R2330 103 4 1652 VO ONS NU 52 116 2013 09 OL TO 52 28263 12 SOUTH C ANNELS 144 83 OL 20 122 510 Kinitis 0529 333333 AK JUAJ 38 99 ISLANDS 141 157 o 184 ? * 13 24 124 R Tarlar. 1 82 Cahnayun Pt 5682 69 22 22:29 campo BE $2 2011 144 9 08 15 134 134 129 IST PARA SÅN S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 445 VARIATION NEARLY 100'E (1301) ........ STATIONARY .. Unt wwwvwenu 1653.110 Monitor CAMIGUIK 1. CATARMAN ANCHORAGE Lat.9 IZ"(00)N. Lang.124 38 (00) E. Nantical Miles UNTUT TONIO O 446 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CATIMU (cah-teel-moo), Tag.; hamlet in Guina- | CAUAMPIT (cah-wam-pit'), ver.; point in W. yangan, Tayabas, Luzón. Leyte. - point on W. port of head of Ragay Gulf, in CAUAN (cah-wahn), Tag.; mineral spring in Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón. Tárlac, Luzón. CATINIC (cah-tee-nick'), nat.; point of approach | CAUANHALAN (cah-wahn-hah'-lahn), ver.; point on SW. coast of Sámar to E. entrance to San on E. shore of Ragay Bay, in Albay, Luzon. Juanico Strait. CAUASÚAN (cah-wah-s00'-ahn), ver.; small CATITÚAN (cah-tee-too'-ahn), ver.; fort in Cota stream in pueblo of Rosario, in Batangas, bato, Mindanao. Luzón. CATIYOMAN (cah-tee-yoh'-mahn), ver.; point in CAUAY (cah'-00-i), ver.; mountain in E. Leyte, 75 Leyte. m.inland, W. of Tanauan. CATMON (cat-mohn'), nat.; river in Negros Orien | CAUAYAN (cah-wah'-yahn), nat.; pueblo on island tal emptying into strait of Tañón, 3 m. N. formed by central outlet of Abra Riv. in of Bais. Ilocos Sur, Luzon, and 2 m. S. of Vigan, with - crater in E. Leyte, 4 m. S. of Tolosa. which it is connected by road and telegraph. Its port, Pandán, is place of call for steam- - bay; point on its S. headland and river ers. Pop., 6,050. entering sea 2 m. S. on SW. coast of Negros - coast hamlet of N. Cápiz, Panay, 7 m. NW. Occidental, point being 18 m. S. of Inayauan. of Balan. - hamlet on SW. coast of Biliran I., off NW. - point on W. shore of Sógod Bay, SE. coast coast of Leyte, 2 m. SE. of Naval. of Leyte, 3 m. SE. of Sógod Antiguo. - mountain in W. Leyte, 3 m. NE. of Albuera. - hamlet on NW. coast of Biliran I., off N. - pueblo, point, and river on E. coast of Cebu, coast of Leyte. 32 m. N. by E. of Cebú. Pop. (town), 6,098. - town ate mouth of stream of same name, (See Cadmón.) on S. shore of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay, - river rising in mountains in S. part of Ca- Pop., 4,644. vite, takes N. course and joins Bablio Riv. in pueblo of Maragondón. - pueblo on main road, Isabela, Luzón, 15 m. S. of Ilagan. Pop., 2,115. - 2.047 ft. high, on E, shore of Misamis port, - coast hamlet of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, Misamis, Mindanao, SE. of Sibuco Pt. 2 m. S. of Carlés. creek emptying on E. shore of Misamis - island 827 ft. high, 11 m. long, off NW. port, Misamis, Mindanao. coast of Paragua, Palawan, N. by W. of Bá- CATOAN (cah-taw-ahn), ver.; point on S. coast of quit, im. N. of Cadlao. Mindanao. - easternmost of Corandagos I., off E. coast CATOBIL (cah-toh-bill'), nat.; riveremptying into of Paragua (Palawan), 78 m. E. of Dalanga- W. entrance to Lagúan channel, N. coast of nem. (Also Bird.) Sámar. - islet 230 ft. high, 2 sq. m., 18) m. W. by S. of CATÓLOG (cah-taw-log), ver.; hamlet in Cápiz, Agutaya, Cuyos grp., Sulu Sea. Panay. - two points, one on NE. and other S. coast of - town in S. of Tablas I., Romblon grp. Leyte. CATPATEN (caht-pah-ten),nat.; island on W.side - river entering on SE. shore of Baliangao San Miguel port, NW. coast Ticao I., Visayas. Bay, E. of Súlong Pt., NE. shore of Murcié- - point N. extreme of island of same name, lagos Bay, N. Misamis, Mindanao. N. and W. head to San Miguel port, NW. coast CAUCÁOAN (cah-00-cah'-wahn), ver.; mountain Ticao I., Visayas. of central Leyte, 10 m. NNE. of Albuera. CATUBIG (cah-too'-big), nat.; pueblo N. Sámar, CAUCAVE (cow-cah'-vay), Tag: point on S. coast of near source of river emptying into bay, 3 m. Bataan, in bay of Manila, Luzón, lat. 14° 26' N. SE. of Lagúan, and 46 m. n. of Catbalogan. Pop., 9,565. CAUD BÁSANG, or KAUD BÁSANG (cah'-ood bah'- sahng), ver; island W. of Simaluk, 8 m. N. of CATUGBA (cah-tug'-bah), ver.; port S. of Pagaua extreme NW. point of Tawi Tawi I. and of nen Riy., 4 m, wide, 2 m, deep, formed around that group, Sulu A.; not inhabited, but favor- island like pocket between small peninsulas, ite resort for fishing prahus on account of that on S. forming N. head of Malampaya immense numbers of fish inside reefs. sound and on N. S. head of Báquit Bay, W. CAUGDIHON (cah-oog-dee'-hawn), ver.; crater on coast of Paragua, Palawan. W. coast of Leyte, 3 m. NE. of Inopacan. CATULAHAN (cah-too-lah-hahn), ver.; one of CÁUIT (cah'-wit) nat.; point on NE. coast of group of peaks overlooking r. bank of Agusan Riv., E. and SE. of Guadalupe on that stream, Surigao, Mindanao, formed by spur of E. Cor- in Surigao, Mindanao. dillera jutting into Pacific Ocean, seen from N. appearing an imposing bluff, From this CATUMPÁN (cah-toom-pahn'), ver.; point on W. point E. coast of Mindanao runs S. for dis- shore of gulf of Asid, Masbate I., Visayas. tance of 226 m. te Cape San Agustín, ex- CATUPÁN (cah-too-pahn'), ver.; point in Cavite, treme S. point of SE. peninsula, and forms Luzón, lat. 14° 16' 40" N., on SE. side of en- several bays open to NE.; great chain of trance to Manila Bay. mountains parallels coast, passing this point CAUA (cah-wah), nat.; river rising on slope of about 17 m. inland on its way to extreme N. Caua volcano, extreme NE. part of Cagayán, point of island. Luzón. - peninsula terminating in point of same - active volcano in N. part of Sierra Madre name, 12 m. long, projecting NE. into Pacific range, Cagayán, Luzón, near Cape Engaño, Ocean, 32 m. S. of Siargao I., and 22 m. SE. by in extreme NE., 3,983 ft. high, and com- E. of Tugus Pt., with which it forms head- monly considered extinct, although Dr. Sem- lands of expansive bay. per claims to have seen from Aparri cloud - hamlet on NW. coast of Cebú, 1m. N. of of smoke issuing from this crater. Medellín; point of same name lies 6 m. SW. of Candaga Pt. Fine wells of fresh water in CAUAGAN (cah-wah'-gahn), ver.; river of Ilocos neighborhood. Norte, Luzón, rising in Caraballos del Norte, -W. point at S. entrance to Cebú channel, and emptying on NW. coast. 14 m. SW. of Cebú; site of fortifications erected CÁUAL (cah'-wahl), ver.; hamlet inland on small by Spaniards for defense of this approach; stream, N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, empty coal station. ing on E. shore of approach to Macajalar - point on S. shore of Albay Gulf, Albay, Bay from N. Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 447 VARIATION............120 E.(1800) NEARLY.......... STATIONARY 36 WA 21 52 Don nerged reen Anapenda WEST COAST KAUIT BAY Pont A Lat. 7° 32 12 N._Long 122 0513E. Nautical Mie WE 448 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CÁUIT; extreme S. point of S. peninsula of Sibu- | CAUPASAN (cah-00-pah'-sahn), ver.; hamlet in yán I., Romblon grp., Visayas. Abra, Luzón, on Tineg Riv., 6 m. N. by E. of - high point on W. coast of Zamboanga, Bangued. Mindanao, and head of bay of same name; CAURUSAN, or SIRUMA (cah-co-roo'-sahn, see- sea face composed of red earth; summit roo'-mah), ver.; point on E. shore of Ragay rounded and covered with forest. From this Bay, Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón; 5 m. point to Batu-Tandoc Pt., 9 m. S. by W. W., SE. of this point, former S. boundary of S. shore forms little bays between intermediate Camarines ends on shore. Pts. Piakan and Nanga; aspect from sea is CAUSILAN (cah-00-seel-lahn), ver.; point in Ne- beautiful, shores being covered with verdure and cultivated land, with many native gros I. CAVANAN, or CAVANA (cah-vah'-nun, cah-vah- houses. nah), nat.; mountain in Masbate I., Visayas. - small semicircular bay 1, m, wide on W. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, at point of | CAVANCALAN (cah-vahn-cah-lahn), nat.: pueblo same name. Peak overlooks it. Near S. shore in Negros Occidental. (See Cabancalan.) is islet 700 ft. in extent. - town in Marinduque. CAVANJÁN (cah-vahn-hahn'), ver.; point on E. coast of Tablas I., W. of Romblon, Visayas. - point in W. coast of Marinduque. CAVANTIGUIANES (cah-vahn-tee-geeah'-ness), - river traversing Ilocos Norte, Luzón, and Hisp.; cluster of small islands, largest 213, 138, passing between Laoag and San Nicolás, and 136 ft. high, in SW. part of Cana hauan Is., over bar of its name, empties into China Sea. off W. coast of Sámar. Its tributaries are, among others, Gant, Guisi, Baybay, Pagsán, and Pagsambaran, which CAVAYAN (cah-vah'-yahn), ver.; hamlet on one descend from W. slopes of N. Caraballos. of tributaries of river emptying into sea on - inlet and port in Cebú. NW. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, at Pinialan, 15, m. S. by W. of Dapitan. (See Blanca Pt.) - point in island of Panaón, sw. of Leyte. CÁUIT CAÚT (cah'-wit cah-oot'), ver.; hamlet on - hamlet in pueblo of Catarmán, Sámar. W. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 354 m. N. - hamlet in pueblo of flog, Negros Occi- by E. of Zamboanga. dental. CAUITAN (cah-wee'-tahn), nat.; small stream CAVERN, for.; CAVERNA (cah-vayr'-nah), Sp.; emptying into Tolón Bay, SW. coast of Negros island 350 ft. high, having tall pillar rock Oriental, 1, m. S. of Tolón. and detached rock 30 ft. high, on NW. coast - point in Negros Oriental, forming S. head of Paragua (Palawan). of Tolón Bay, SW. coast. CAVILLI, or CAUELI (cah-veel-lyee, cah-00-ay- CAULAYAN (cow-lah'-yun), Tag.; point in Taya lee), ver.; islands forming part of Cagayanes bas, Luzón. grp., off SW. coast Negros Occidental. CAULUNGAN (cah-oo-loong'-ahn), ver.; island off CAVINTÎ (cah-vin-tee'), Tag.; town in Laguna, SE, shore of Basilan I., off $. coast of Zam- Luzón, 9 m. ESE. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 5,515. boanga, Mindanao. (See Cauluan.) CAUNAAGAN (cah-oo-nah-ah'-gahn), ver.; point CAVIT (cah-veet'), Hisp.; hamlet of Cápiz, Panay. in island of Leyte. CAVITAN, or CAUITAN (cah-vee'-tahn, cah-wee'. CAUNIPAN (cow-nee'-pun), ver.; mountain in tahn), Hisp.; point on SW, coast of Negros Ambos Camarines, Luzón. Oriental, lat. 9° 19' 30" N. CAVITE, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Cah-veel-tay, Hisp.) Capital: Cavite (with authority to locate elsewhere), lat. 14° 28' 55" N., lon. 120° 54' 49" E. Area: Mainland, 510 sq. m.; dependent islands, 100 sq. m.; total, 610 sq. m. Population: 134,569. Race: Tagalog. Language: Tagálog. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Cavite to- Corregidor, WSW ..... Limbones Pt., entrance to Manila Bay .. Manila by bay ........ Manila via road from Bacoor opposite... Manila via all road ... Mariveles, Manila Bay ... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Cavite divides with Batangas the area of the SW. projection of the island of Luzon. It is bounded on the NW. and N. by the bay of Manila, upon which it has a frontage of 30 m., on the N. and NE. by Manila for a distance of 39 m., on the E. by Laguna de Bay with a frontage of 3 m., and the province of Laguna de Bay for 15 m., and on the S. by Batangas, from which it is separated the entire length of 37 m. by the volcanic Sierras de Tagaytay and Súngay. The N. SALT BASINS, CAVITE, LUZON. CHARACTER OF VEGETATION IMPORTS OF CAVITE, LUZON. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 449 shore of the celebrated volcanic lake of Taal, or Bombón, approaches within 1 m. of the S. boundary. Next to Manila, the province of Cavite is the most important in the Philippine Is. Its chief town and fortress of Cavite are the naval headquarters of the United States in Asia. AREA. It measures 33 m. from NE. to SW., and the same distance from E. to W. Area. 510 sq. m. (326,400 acres); dependent islands, 100 sq. m.; grand total, 610 sq. m, (490,400 acres). PHYSICAL FEATURES. The country in the SW. and S. is mountainous and constitutes the Manila Bay watershed of the Tagaytay and Sungay ranges. The NW. part rises by gradual elevations and forms a fertile stretch of territory, watered by many streams and producing all the staple crops of the islands. The rivers vary in volume, according to the season. BAYS AND HARBORS. Cavite Bay and Bacoor in SW.; Cañacao, N. of Cavite Arsenal, and Dalagican in the SW., indentations of the great bay named, we find the finest anchorages in Manila Bay, affording a depth of 28 ft. in the center, gradually growing shallower toward the shore. Owing to the exposed situation of Manila road, particularly during the SW. monsoon, vessels upon the threatened approach of storms resort to the sheltered anchorages of Cavite Bay. LIGHT-HOUSES. On Sangley Pt., near the extremity of Cavite Pen., is a fixed red light 36 ft. above the sea, visible 9 m. From Pásig Riv. light the Sangley Pt. light bears SW., distant 13,464 yards. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The pimpassable during directions. Comollows the coast, thence through. m. in a wns and villaii-built highway Bacoor and Parana aniſa, a distance w. to T The province is well supplied with good roads, many of which, however, are almost impassable during the rainy season. They connect the coast with the interior towns and villages in all directions. Communication with Manila is by bay and by land along a well-built highway which follows the coast. The latter, after crossing the Imus Riv., passes through Bacoor and Parañaque, thence through Malibay, Pásay, Malate, and Ermita to the walled city of Manila, a distance of 9 m. in a straight line and 15 m. by road. At Cavite Viejo this road extends SW. to Ternate, on the S. shore of the entrance to Manila Bay, and is paralleled from that point to Manila by telegraph line. From Ternate the high road parallels the SW. and SE. boundary at a distance of about 5 m., connecting the towns of Maragondón, Bailén, Alfonso, Méndez Núñez, Indang, Silang, and Carmona with San Pedro de Tunasán on the shores of Laguna de Bay, where it joins the Manila road and telegraph line. At Silang a road extends NW. by way of Pérez Dasmariñas via Imus to the Cavite and Manila road at Bacoor. Road communication with Batangas Province extends from Alfonso to Tuy and from Méndez Núñez to Bayuyungan on lake Taal, also with Laguna Province between Carmona and Biñang. · POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population of Cavite Province is 134,569, the majority being Tagálog. In the ports of Cavite, Estanzuela, and San Roque, Spanish is the chief medium of inter- course in business and private life. In all the other towns Tagalog is the prevailing language. S. Doc. 280— 29 450 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The following is the division of Cavite into pueblos and their population: Total population, combin- ing residents present and absent, native and Span- ish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men Women. Total. 3,672 1,578 6, 455 2, 495 Cavite: Alfonso. Amadeo.. Bacoor Bailén..... Caridad, La. Carmona.. Cavite. Cavite Viejo. Imus. Indang ........ Magallanes. Maragondón .. Méndez Núñez. Naic..... Noveleta .. Pérez Dasmariñas.. Rosario... San Francisco de Malabon San Roque Santa Cruz de Malabón... Silang ..... Ternate.. Total 3,053 2,012 1,376 3,216 5,175 5,760 1, 370 4, 134 1, 835 3, 485 1,105 2,160 3,088 4,248 2,875 4,024 3,588 1, 246 3,354 1,705 5, 230 2,036 2,918 1,871 1,016 3,086 6,967 5, 088 1, 107 4, 143 1,816 4,593 1,109 2,179 2,988 4,148 2,792 3, 429 3, 636 1, 125 7,026 3,283 11, 685 4,531 5,971 3,883 2, 392 6, 302 12, 142 10, 848 2,477 8,277 3, 651 8,078 2,214 4,339 6,076 8, 396 5, 667 7, 453 7,224 2, 371 67, 809 66,477 134, 286 Estimated population, 1901, 134,569. as anila Bay, a NE. Cañacao Bay, Hout 11 m. long here inner harbo There are 23 towns and 108 villages. Among the most important of the towns are the following (population of 1896 is given): Cavite; the naval headquarters of the Philippine Archipelago; and the present capital of Cavite Province. A seaport and fortress, in water, land, and telegraph communication with Manila. It is situated on the concave shore of a crescent-shaped peninsula on the E. shore of Manila Bay. The Tagalogs call it Cáuit, which means "fishhook,” on account of the shape. The town Cavite is more frequently known as "the port" instead of by its name. After passing Corregidor at the entrance to Manila Bay, a NE. course leads to Sangley Pt., the landmark of that part of the coast. Within this point is Cañacao Bay, on the N. shore of which are the hamlets of Faro and Canacao. A tongue of land about 1} m. long projecting due E. separates the waters of Cañacao Bay on the N. and Bacoor Bay, the inner harbor of Cavite. On this projection are situated the fortifications and arsenal, while immediately W., across an intervening isthmus, is the town of San Roque, and on the S. shore of Bacoor Bay, Cavite Viejo. In that portion of Cavite, within the walls, the streets are laid out at right angles, but are somewhat narrow. All their houses are of masonry. It has a parochial church, two convents, a large hospital, a well-equipped arsenal, dock- yard, dry dock, and also the sanctuary of Nuestra Señora de Porta Vaga, also several important mechanical industries. Population, which consists almost entirely of the employees of the arsenal, exclusive of the garrison, is 3,000. Fortress; the gate in the W. wall opens upon a road crossing a narrow strip of sand to the town of San Roque. The defenses toward the N. command Cañacao Bay. Those fronting the S. sweep Bacoor Bay. The fortification occupies the area at the E. end of this projection into the bay. The stronghold of the position is Fort San Felipe on the land side, with the bastion of Guadalupe on the extreme point, and commanding Cavite Bay on the E. The stores, workshops, foundry, forge, gun factory, and other buildings of that character, including the arsenal, lie within the walls on the Cañacao Bay side. Opposite are repair slips, landings, head- quarters, and hospitals. About 3 m. to the SW. is Tierra Alta, a high piece of land which has been converted into a resort for foreigners seeking recuperation from the effects of the climate. The port is well equipped for building and repairing vessels, having in 1898 a slip with a cradle 370 ft. broad and hydraulic power capable of drawing 2,000 tons. There was also a dock for gunboats and a larger private dock in which vessels of 1,500 tons have been constructed. The coye has about 20 ft. of water and is well protected. The larger vessels anchor off this cove 1 m. from shore in 5 fms. It was here that the Spanish flotilla took position in the engagement with the United States May 1, 1898. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 451 Alfonso; an important road center near the Batangas boundary, 24 m. S. of Cavite. Pop., 7,660. Amadeo; near the Batangas boundary, 22 m. SSE. of Cavite. Pop., 3,873. Bacoor; on the SE. shore of Manila Bay at the entrance to the anchorage of Cavite, 23 m. opposite the latter town, on the bay of the same name. Pop., 13,113. Bailén; near the Batangas boundary, 25 m. SW. of Cavite. Pop., 4,189. Caridad; on the Manila Bay side of Cavite Pen., 13 m. W. of Cavite. Pop., 6,000. Carmona; 2) m. inland from Laguna de Bay and 16 m. SE. of Cavite. Pop., 3,959. Cavite Viejo (Old Cavite); on the extreme S. shore of Bacoor Bay, 3 m. S. of Cavite. It is also a telegraph and military station. Pop. 9,484. Dasmariñas; in the central part of the province, 14 m. SE. of Cavite. Pop. 4,696. Imus; important road center, 7 m. SE. of Cavite. Pop. 14,676. Indang; an important road center, 21 m. S. of Cavite. Pop. 1,500. Magallanes; near the Batangas boundary, 26 m. SW. of Cavite. Pop. 1,200. Maragondón; at the terminus of a branch of the Manila coast road, 21 m. SW. of Cavite. Pop. 8,313. Méndez Núñez; near the Batangas boundary, 25 m. S. of Cavite. Pop. 3,745. Naic; on the Manila coast road, 18 m. SW. of Cavite. Pop. 9,215. Noveleta; on the Manila SW. shore road, 5 m. SW. of Cavite. Pop. 2,804. Pérez Dasmariñas. (See Dasmariñas.) Rosario (also well known as Salinas), on the Manila coast road, 8 m. SW. of Cavite. Pop., 6,385. San Francisco de Malabón; well built, between two rivers, 7 m. SSW. of Cavite, 2 m. from Santa Cruz and 6 m. from Imus, same province. Pop., 9,055. It is in good road communication with other towns. San Roque; at the mainland end of the narrow peninsula occupied by the fort- ress of Cavite. Pop., 3,182. Santa Cruz de Malabón; on the Manila coast road, 9 m. SW. of Manila. Pop., 8,546. Silang; road center near the SE. boundary, 19 m. SE. of Cavite. Pop., 7,411. Ternate; at the terminus of the Manila coast road and telegraph line, 15 m. SW. of Cavite. Pop., 1,828. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. Under the enabling act of the province of Cavite, the Lubang group, previously among the dependent islands of Mindoro, on account of its naval and commercial strategical position, was embraced within this territorial area. In June, 1902, it was made part of Marinduque Province. The only dependent island is El Fraile (the Eriar), an islet 2 m. N. of Restinga Pt., SW. coast of Cavite, Luzon, the S. inner head of Manila Bay. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The soil in the lowland portion of the province produces an excellent quality of rice. In the vicinity of Indang, Silang, and Alfonso, coffee of the best quality is raised. Sugar is also a staple product. Corn and chocolate are grown to advantage. The people are largely engaged in pastoral pursuits. Recent figures give this province 15,000 carabaos, 9,000 cattle, 6,000 hogs, and 5,000 horses. MINERALS. Explorations in the Sierras on the S. border have not shown indications of min- erals of commercial value. FORESTS. In the SW. region are fine forests, whose woods are used in building ships and houses, and for making furniture. FRUITS. Bananas, oranges, lemons, mangas, and other fruits of this region are found in abundance. The Cavite mangas are the finest in the archipelago. INDUSTRIES AND COMMERCE. The principal industries in the towns in the elevated country are the manufacture of cloth from hemp and cotton, and the production of sugar. The mills devoted to the latter number 150. In the coast towns the people are wholly engaged in the fisheries, manufacture of salt, and the cultivation of rice. These products are articles of export and are carried by water to Manila. tibe latter om hemp andes in the town 452 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The occupation of Cavite was the first land event after the naval engagement of Manila Bay May 1, 1898. Under the articles of capitulation United States occupation was confined to the harbor, city, and bay of Manila. The United States fleet held the bay and naval establishment. The army occupied Manila August 13, 1898, which it held until active operations began after the signing of the Treaty of Paris. Maj. Gen. John C. Bates, U.S. V., commanding the Department, in report August 15, 1900, states this province was not only “the birthplace of the rebellion, but it had been the hotbed of brigandage for centuries under Spanish rule." On February 15, 1902, the following were the military stations in Cavite: Dasmariñas, a San Francisco de Malabón, a Maragondón, Naic, a Imus, Silang, a CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Cavite was created under the provincial government act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the Philippine Commission, June 11, 1901, in that territory in the island of Luzon known as the province of Cavite, together with the island of Lúbang and with the smaller islands immediately adjacent to the island of Lúbang, all to be known as the province of Cavite. By act of the Commis- sion, June, 1902, the island of Lúbang and islands immediately adjacent were trans- ferred to the province of Marinduque. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States currency.] Governor ... $1,800.00 Secretary 1,200.00 Treasurer. 2, 200.00 Supervisor .... 1,800.00 Fiscal ....... 1,500.00 Allowance for necessary and actual expenses not exceeding $2.50 per day, as pre- scribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet and organize on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October to consider improvements needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. The presidentes at their meeting to be held on the third Monday in October, 1902, if a majority shall so determine, may change the capital from the town of Cavite to some other town in the province, the former procedure being determined in the enabling act. CONDITIONS. “During the trip I have been making up to date, to the mountain towns of this province of Cavite, organizing municipalities, I feel that I ought to entertain no doubt of the desire for peace entertained by all its inhabitants. In this trip I have taken steps to bring about the surrender of some small-armed groups, the wake, as it were, of the revolutionary forces already surrendered, which, though they still continue under arms, have no political color, and the proof of this is that they devote themselves solely to holding up native traders to get their money. And from the steps I have taken I am in hopes that within a few days all these small-armed parties, that are nothing more than highwaymen, will present themselves with all their arms. I can also assure you of the peace and order in my province, and that the civil authorities, with the constabulary forces, will be sufficient to maintain and preserve them.” (Official report of provincial governor of Cavite, December, 1901.) CAVITE (cah-veel-tay), Hisp.: lat.14° 28'55' N., lon. | CAVITE Continued. 120° 56' 19'' E. Naval headquarters of Philip on N. shore of which are hamlets Faro and pine I. and capital of Cavite province (subject Canacao. Tongue of land about 13 m. long, to change), pueblo, post-office, and money-or projecting due E., separates waters of Caña- der station, on inner shore of crescent-shaped cao Bay on N. and Bacoor Bay, inner harbor peninsula, forming natural breakwater at of Cavite, on S. On this projection are situ- seaward end of deep bight in E. side of Ma ated fortifications and arsenal, while imme- nila Bay. After passing Corregidor, at en diately W. across intervening isthmus is town trance to Manila Bay, NE. course leads to of San Roque, and on S. shore of Bacoor Bay, Sangley Pt., light and landmark of that part Cavite Viejo. Fine road starts from here along of coast. Within this point is Cañacao Bay, bay for Manila. After crossing Imus Riy, it * Telegraph. b Telephone, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 453 CAVITE ARSENAL 200 Yards 300 50 Workshop \Forg Stor 2 Fort of S. Philip Stores Thospital Naval Headquarters Cuacaloape Bastion ble 1 New ferreplein # 4 4 u 21 MUM contity 1 - 14 1 2 12 4 2S18 14 14 14 14 2 27 24 2+ ''2 2+ 25 24 on 24 24 24 3 24 24 24 23 24 25 23 23 454 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CAVITE-Continued. passes through Bacoor and Parañaque, thence through Maíbay. Pineda, Malate, Ermita, to walled city of Manila, distance of 8 m. in straight line, and fully twice that distance by road. While town of Cavite is walled, fortifications are at end of land projection, stronghold of position being Fort San Felipe on landward line, with bulwarks of Guadalupe on extreme point between Caña- cao and Bacoor bays, and sweeping Cavite Bay on E. In addition to its paraphernalia of warlike defense, town is extremely pictur- esque in its location. It is in telegraphic communication with all points on islands. Buildings, public and private, are of stone; garrison and employees of arsenal make up population. About 3 m. to SW.is Tierra Alta, as its name indicates. It is a favorite resort of foreigners for recuperation from effects of climate. "Roadstead" of Manila being un- safe at certain seasons harbor of Cavite affords protection. Pop., Cn., 1887, 2,392. – town on SW. shore of small bay forming on W. of Pt. Silla, N. coast of Misamis, Min- danao, 3 m. NE. of Dapitan. CAVITE VIEJO (old) (cah-veel-tay vee-ay'-haw), Hisp.; pueblo on S. shore of Bacoor Bay, in Ca- vite, Luzón, 9 m. S. of Manila. Pop., Cn., 6,302; 1898, 9,489, estimated. CAXISIGAN (cag-see-seel-gahn), ver.; island off inlet of Candaranan, E. of NE. shore of Bala- bac I., separated by channel , m. wide. CAYABACAN (cah-yah-bah'-cahn), ver.; hamlet on S. coast of Antique, Panay, 9 m. W: of Pandán. CAYABAYABA (cah-yah-bah-yah-bah), ver.; in- land hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. SW. of Malinao. CAYÁN (cah-yahn), ver.; capital of Lepanto. Luzón, in SE. central portion, 4 m. ÑE. of Cervantes, on highway NW. to Tiagan and SE. entering Benguet. Number of trails con- nect Cayán with surrounding hamlets, also high way to Bontoc, 11 m. NE. Pop., 650. CAYANGON (cah-yahng-own'), ver.; point on SE. coast of Cebú, 2 m. NE. of Nueva Cáceres. CAYAPA (cah-yah'-pah), ver.; fermer comandan- cia along slopes of Ambayanan Riv., W. of and near province of Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. Area, 350 sq. m. Inhabited by various races of pagan Ifugaos; towns are San Miguel Ar- cángel, with population of 2,249, and Santa Cruz de Ana. CAYAPO (cah-yah'-poh), Tag.; mountain in Ba- | toán, Luzon. CAYATAO (cah-yah-tah'-00), ver.; mountain in Masbate, Visayas. CAYBIRAN (ki-bee'-rahn), ver.; point at extreme SE. coast of Panaón I., off SE. coast of Leyte, and NW. headland of Surigao Strait, between S. end of Leyte and extreme N. end of Surigao, Mindanao. CAYBOBO (ki-bow'-bow), ver.; point formed of spur of Mariveles Range on W. coast of Bataan, Luzón. CAYCAYAN (ki-cah'-yahn), ver.; fountain tribu- tary of Chico de Cagayan Riv., in Isabela, Luzón. CAYCAYETANO (ki - cah-yay - tah' - noh), Tag.; mountain in Bataan, Luzón. CAYMAN (ki-mahn'), ver.; point on W. coast of Zambales, Luzón, lat. 16° 57' 30" N. CAYNIPAO (ki-nee-pow'), ver.; small stream of Sámar, rises in lat. 12° 18" N. and empties into sea on W. coast. CAYOAUINÁAN (cah - ywah-we-nah'-ahn), ver. ; mountain in central range of S. Leyte, 10 m. SW. of Abúyog. CAYOS (cah'-yaws), Sp.; hamlet in SE. Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. above mouth of Jalaur Riv., 2 m. SW. by W. of Dumangas. CAYPAYAN (ki-pah'-yahn), ver.; islet at entrance to Luyucan port, W. of Usón I., fronting W. channel to Port Usón, on S. coast of Bu- suanga I., Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. CAYQUIBA (ki-key'-bah), Tag.; hamlet in Cavite, Luzón, 23 m. S. of Cavite. CAYSABAI (ky-sah-by'), nat.; river emptying into W. entrance to Lagúan channel, N. coast of Sámar. CAYUAGAN, or CAYNAGAN (cah-yoo-ah'-gahn, ky-nah'-gahn), ver.; river on SW. coast Negros Occidental, entering bay 13, m. S. of Ina yauan. - islet in mid-channel between NW. coast of Bohol and SE. coast of Cebú. CAYVOLO (ki-va wl-loh). Tag.; stream in Cavite, Luzón, emptying into Manila Bay near Naic. CAZADOR (cah-thah-dor') (means hunter), Sp.; point at extreme S. end of Calumpán Pen., Batangas, Luzón, separating bays of Batangas (E.) and Balayán (W). Island of Maricabán lies 1. m. S. CEBÚ (thay-boo'), ver.; "silanga" between is- lands of Cebu and Mactan, and forms part of Cebú. CEBU, VISAYAS, PROVINCE OF. (Thay-boo', Hisp.; vee-sah'-yass, nat.) Capital: Cebú, lat. 10° 18' N.; lon. 123° 53' 05" E. Area: mainland, 1,668 sq. m.; dependent islands, 114 sq. m.; total, 1,782 sq. m. Population: 518,032. Race: Visa yan. Language: Visayan. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay. Table of distances. From Cebú to- m. Manila..... 357 Manila via Visayan Sea, Mindoro Sea, and Verde Passage. 466 Misamis, Mindanao... 148 Tagbilaran, Bohol .. LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. 46 The province of Cebú occupies about the center of the S. members of the Visayan Is. It is surrounded by the Visayan Sea, the S. point of Masbate lying 30 m. to the N., Leyte 20 m. to the E., and the Camotes Is. a less distance in the same direction, farther S.; Bohol, across the intervening channel, 18 m. to the SE.; the sea of Mindanao, to the S., and Tañón Strait, which separates it from Negros, at distances from 3 m. to 27 m. to the W. Modul Opon Lei . Pat CEBÚ St Nicolas Pamt Lanis Ledge SEBU AND MACTAN PORT CEBÚ From accommissance in 1899 and 1990.hy the officers of the USS Bennington with aditions from a prish uvey 1843 You Sex Bee LittLLI 35 L 225 SO S Doc 280 57 1 ORRIS PETERS CO.PHOTO-LITHO WASHINGTON DC WTS 16. Ranch PIN TER W33 Site . TRE di NE EL 1 L die . ri 1572 FORTRESS OF CEBU (COMMONLY CALLED COTTA), CEBÚ, VISAYAS. IMPROVISED PALM-LEAF HUT, VISAYAS. These leaves sometimes attain a length of 10 feet. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 455 AREA. It measures from NNE. to SSW. 139 m. and from E. to W.24 m. Area, 1,668 sq.m.; 29 dependent islandsarea, 114 sq. m.; total, 1,782 sq. m. (1,140,480 acres), or 532 sq. m. larger than the State of Rhode Island. PHYSICAL FEATURES. Sast; second, froma Balambán, on the W fourth, from Naga anndo to A mountain chain called the Cordillera Central runs from NE. to SW., somewhat nearer the E. than the W. coast, throughout the length of the island. This chain becomes wider or narrower according to the configuration of the island. The prin- cipal peaks are Cáuit, in the N.; Tesubig, Mangilao, Danao (1,548 ft.), Sudlong, Uling (2,172 ft., the highest), with two peaks in the vicinity, one 1,860 ft. high; Naga, on the coast (1,522 ft.), Balila, Nagtagug, Apo (between the towns of Sibonga and Alcán- tara), Mosangid, Ungas, and Tanaoan (1,527 ft.). The mountains, while only from 1,500 to 2,200 ft. high, interfere with communica- tion between the two coasts; the island being narrow the ascent is steep. The best passes are, beginning at the N.: First, from Sógod to Putad, 6 m. N. of Tuburan, on the W. coast; second, from Cebu and Mandaue, via Pareil Valley and the Batiguaguan Riv., to Asturias and Balambán, on the W. coast; third, from the city of Cebú, via Mananga Riv. and Sudlon Mt., to Toledo; fourth, from Naga and San Fernando to Pinamungajan, on W coast, and also to Toledo; fifth, San Fernando to Barili; sixth, Sibonga to Dumanjug, over which a temporary wagon road was con- structed under the direction of United States military officers in the summer of 1900. This is the best pass through the mountains. S. of this until near the end of the island, it is difficult to pass. The rivers of the island are of little importance. The longest is the Batiguaguan, or Balambán, descending from the central mountains, flowing toward the W. and NW., crossing an extensive zone of calcareous lands and emptying into the sea. The Cotcot, on the W. coast, is almost as large, and farther S., also on the E. slope, is the longer river of Mananga. Other rivers are the Danao on the E., which descends from Mt. Mangilao and runs to the N. of the Cotcot, the Alpaco, Minaga, Cárcar, Catmon, Bao, and some others. The Ginalauan empties on the W. BAYS AND HARBORS. The following are the bays and harbors: Badián; an anchorage S. of the island, in the cove of the village of the same name, W. coast. Balambán; on the W. coast, opens S. of the point of the same name, with fair protection from both N. and S. winds. Barili; on the W. coast, 3. m. SW. of Gorda Pt. The town of that name is at the mouth of the river emptying into the bay. Batauan; on the W. coast, 23 m. S. of the river Daligue. Also bay at mouth of canal of Daijagon, NE. of San Remigio, on the NW. coast. This canal extends to Bogó, on E. coast. Bogó; in the angle of the NE. coast, 17 m. S. of Bulalaqui, the extreme point of Cebú. Tortuous channel, making it difficult for long vessels to enter. Here a nat- ural high-tide waterway was deepened but not completed by the Spaniards with a view to permitting the largest “bancas" to pass to the W. coast. The expenditure of a few thousand dollars at two points would give a channel of sufficient width, and 9 ft. deep at high water. Passing S. on the E. coast the other bays and harbors are Tobogan, Borbón, and Sógod, with poor protection from NE. and S. winds; Carmen, with fair protection from the NE. monsoon; Danao, where Pts. Danao and Lusunsacalao afford some protection from N. and S. winds; Liloan, protected from S. winds. Boljo-ón; on the E. coast, in the bend of the same name; but little protection. Bugut; E. coast, 2 m. N. of Caladman Pt. Buenabrigo; W. coast, S. side of the point of this name, well sheltered. Calavera; W. coast, SW. of Balambán Bay, about 4 m. NE. of Toledo. Vessels also frequently anchor off and unload at latter place in still weather. Canoan; on the E. coast, sheltered from all winds except from the NW. to the W. Cárcar; on the E. coast, in the bend of that name; but little protection. Cáuit; on the E. coast, at the port of that name. Cebú; the anchorage is situated SSW. of the fort of Cebú, N. of Cáuit Pt., on the E. coast. Its very fine harbor, protected by Mactan I., is one of the best in the Philip- pines, with secure anchorage to the largest vessels. Daijagon; on the W. coast, between the point of that name and Matulinog, on thes. 456 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Dumanjug; on the SW. coast, with deep water, with protection from NE. mon- soon. Languyón; on the W. coast, 1 m. S. of Tuburan Pt. Matutinao; on the W. coast, between Badián Pt. on the N. and Guinanon on the S., the distance between these being 7 m. Pinamungajan; on the W. coast, halfway between Tajao and Gorda Pts. Tuburan; on the W. coast, off town of same name, 7 m. SSW. of the bay of Batauan. Good protection from S. winds. Tinaán; on the E. coast, 11 m. SW. of Cebú. Lambusan; NW. coast, S. of Mancao Pt., protected from NE. monsoon. The following on the E. coast, S. of Cebů, are of considerable importance, but have little or no protection from the NE. monsoon or from S. winds: Sibonga, Argao, Dalaguete, and Oslob. LIGHT-HOUSES. one en light om 19,46 ft. aber in the approacted by two prim. on 1 cao: tower, iron; gray; surmounted by more The approaches to the channel upon which Cebú is situated are lighted as follows: One fixed light on Bagacay or Liloan Pt., NE. entrance of Port Cebú, lat. 10° 24' N., lon. 123° 59' 24'' E., 46 ft. above the sea; tower, 21 ft.; light visible 7 m. One fixed red light on N. point of Mactán I. approach, lat. 10° 20' N., lon. 123° 58' E., 39 ft. above the sea; tower, iron; gray; surmounted by two uprights 25 ft. high; visible 7 m. One fixed light on San Nicolás church tower, visible 7 m. One fixed red light on Fort Cebú, at the SE. salient, visible 2. m. One fixed red on Lipata Bank, at entrance, lat. 10° 14' 30'' N., lon. 123° 52' 20'' E., 26 ft. above the sea, wooden tripod, 26 ft. high; visible 7 m. One fixed green, Lanis Pt., lat. 10° 14' 30'' N., lon. 123° 53' 45'' E., 26 ft. above the sea level; the tower is a wooden tripod 26 ft. high; visible 7 m. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. Along almost the entire E. coast is a highway which unites 21 towns with the cap- ital; another on the W. coast connects many of the towns on that side of the island, and a fairly good road has been constructed between Sibonga, on the E. coast, and Dumanjug, on the W. coast, a distance of about 18 m. The E. coast road from Danao, to the N., to Naga, to the S. of the city of Cebú, is in fair order. On the W. coast the road from Barili to Aluguinsan, a section that had never been built, was con- structed. The town of Cebú is the center of a large coast trade and has commercial intercourse with Manila, all the Visayan islands, Mindanao, and Palawan. om aga, to the s. of thance of about 18% een Sibonga, o POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population of the province under the census of 1887 was 503,422; about the same as the State of Washington and 100,000 larger than the State of New Hamp- shire or Rhode Island, distributed among 52 towns and a large number of villages. The division of Cebú into pueblos and population according to the census of 1887, is as follows: Total population combining residents present and ab- sent, native, and Spanish, census 1887. Partial census, 1896. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 3.261 2,658 3,819 Cebu: Alcántara. 4, 084 1,636 1,625 Alcoy ....... 5,155 1,387 1,271 Alegria .. 11, 455 4, 672 4, 205 Aloguinsan 5, 303 1,899 1,649 Argao...... 32, 859 11,577 11, 545 Asturias.... 9, 393 3,580 3,351 Badián...... 9,915 3,554 Balambán. 12, 624 5,836 5, 277 Bantayán (Banbayán 1) 16, 731 6, 861 7,037 Barili. 22,048 9, 230 8,539 Bogo.... 7,822 7,370 Boljo-on 7, 413 2, 553 2,514 Borbón. 1,750 1,680 Cadmon 6,640 2, 744 2,685 Cárcar. 35, 203 13,581 12, 458 Carmen 5,879 3, 273 3,065 Cebú. 5, 468 * Census of population of Cebů taken under the direction of bishop of Cebú in 1896. 18, 425 5,730 8,877 3,548 23, 122 6,931 7, 373 11, 113 13,898 17, 769 15, 192 5,067 3, 430 5,429 26, 039 6, 338 11, 198 17,560 4, 352 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 457 Total population combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Partial census, 1896. a Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 4, 431 4,232 4,793 4, 307 Cebu-Continued. Compostela Consolación Córdoba (Mactán 1.) Daan-Bantayán. Dalaguete.. Danao.......... Dumanjug ..... Ginatilan ... Liloan .... Malabúyoc... Mandaue. Medellín..... Minglanilla Moalboal (Mualbual)... 20, 120 15, 183 4,217 13, 284 9, 460 13, 005 10,556 3,949 10, 214 16,199 15,093 3,339 11, 155 5,934 9,621 2,188 2, 162 3,073 4,647 9,145 6,501 4,622 4,809 4,051 3, 320 5,241 2, 362 8,562 2,805 6,329 9,621 19, 269 13,575 9,728 9,404 8,041 6,947 10, 118 4,961 17,904 5,929 10, 525 5,104 10, 267 Naga Cácer 2, 243 2,145 3, 256 4,974 10,124 7,014 5, 106 4,595 3,990 3,627 4,877 2,599 9,342 3,124 5,270 2,644 5,032 2,811 4,931 2,103 2,271 3,530 2,240 3,404 6, 678 3,198 11,234 3,456 1, 191 1,471 1,868 11, 739 3,084 3,874 3,618 8,395 4,374 4,119 5, 664 9, 450 3,771 2,460 5, 235 2,853 4,519 2, 128 2, 172 3,402 2,099 3,648 4. 231 4,443 6,932 Nueva Cáceres Opón (Mactan I.). Oslob .. Pardo (El).. Pilar (Camotes Is). Pinamungajan.... Poro (Camotes Is) .. Ronda.. Samboan....... San Fernando .... San Francisco (Camotes Is.. San Nicolás de Cebu San Remigio ............ San Sebastián .......... Santa Fé...... Santander .... Sibonga... Sógod... Tabogón.. Talambán. Talisay.. Toledo. Tuburan. 4,339 9,880 7,027 5,094 7,018 18, 211 6,182 20, 690 6,282 3,200 3,955 4,543 855 3, 288 10,352 3, 225 1,251 1,465 1,952 11,240 2,788 3,898 3,600 7, 694 4,146 4,145 7,088 12,967 6,486 21,586 6. 681 2, 442 2, 936 3,820 22, 979 5,872 7,772 7,218 16,089 8,520 8,264 503, 422 6.826 10,762 7,423 18,585 10, 776 12,570 Total... 602, 149 257, 326 246, 096 * Census of population of Cebú taken under the direction of bishop of Cebu in 1896. Estimated, 1901, 518,032. Cebú; capital, pueblo, port of entry, post-office, and money-order station. On the E. coast is a fine harbor formed by the island of Mactan and low islands and coral reefs S., which protect it from all winds. The country in the vicinity is level and fertile; the town contains about 2,000 buildings. Pop., Cn., 11,198; 1898, 35,243, estimated. The streets are wide and are laid out on a regular plan. The gov- ernment house is a good building; the Episcopal palace is large and noted for its interior decorations. The “Rizal,” a small building on the plaza, in front of the gate entering the grounds of Santo Niño church, holds the cross which, according to tradition, was planted by Magellan in Cebu on taking possession of the island. The city is crossed by a small river which is dry the greater portion of the year. In front, to the E., is the little island of Mactan, where Magellan, a victim of his rashness, terminated his days. Outside of the town are located a fine cemetery, a large leper hospital, and an artillery fort. Other suburbs lying within a radius of 5 m., are Mandaue, NE., with a population of 10,556; Talambán, 7,423; El Pardo, SW., 9,621, and Talisay, SW., 18,585. The numbers given include the outlying barrios of the towns named the towns proper (centro de población)-have only a few hundred in each case. The main suburb, San Nicolás, had a population (including its coun- try barrios) of 14,500 in June, 1900, but the insurgents were active in some of the barrios, and many of the people were driven out. In 1896 San Nicolás had a popu- lation of 20,690. Drinking water is obtained in Cebú by sinking wells from 10 to 30 feet. There is no artillery fort outside of the town. The Spaniards built a good earth fort at Guadalupe, 5 m. from town, but the fort proper, built of stone, is within the city, and directly on a point in the harbor. Like other old Spanish forts it is picturesque. During the summer of 1900 the American commander of the district added 2 buildings to the old leper hospital and forced all lepers from the city to live there; 202 were thus collected. arrios) of 14.6 main suburber (centro deven include the3; El Pardo, 56 m., are tin June, 190an Nicolás, Población) 458 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Hemp receipts, 1868-1899, at the port of Cebú. [From the report of the Manila Chamber of Commerce.] [Piculs.] 1868 .. 1869.. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876 1877 ..... 1878 ...... 70, 695 83, 747 82.522 98, 131 103, 092 129, 642 154, 104 100, 659 66, 692 137, 258 ...... 124, 650 1879 1880.. 1881.. 1882. 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888. 1889 ... 87. 958 131, 182 170,770 124, 648 115, 276 124, 246 122, 103 121, 385 131,528 203, 276 151, 616 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893... 1894. 1895 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899.. 113, 636 193, 020 182, 901 205, 504 244, 801 167, 469 195, 916 147, 706 .. 618, 556 241, 100 The following are the other chief towns grouped by populations (see Cn., 1896): Alcántara; at the head of a deep bay, 41 m. SW. of Cebú. Pop., 4,084. Alcoy; a barrio of Moalboal on the SE. coast, 50 m. SSW. of Cebú. Pop., 5,155. Alegría; on the SW. coast, 56 m. SW. of Cebú. Petroleum exists in this vicinity. Pop., 11,455. Aloguinsan; pop., 5,303. Argao; 36 m. SSW. of Cebu, with an aggregate population of 34,859. Asturias; about the center of the W. coast, 22 m. NW. of Cebu. Petroleum exists in this vicinity. Pop., 9,393. Badián; on the SE. shore of a large bay on the W. coast, 47 m. SSW. of Cebú. Pop., 9,915. Barili; on the l. bank of the river of the same name, 2 m. inland from the SW. coast. Pop., 20,914. Balambán; about the center of the W. coast, 18 m. W. of Cebú. Also open to coast trade. Pop., 12,694. Bantayán; on the SW. coast of the island of that name, including the villages of Ogton and Lanis, 62 m. NNW. of Cebú. Pop., 16,731. A little island on the coast is inhabited entirely by lepers. Bogó; open to coast trade, in the angle of the NE. coast, 54 m. N. of Cebu. Pop., 17,560. Boljo-on; on the SE. coast, 54 m. SSW. of Cebú. Pop., 7,413. Borbón; on the NE. coast, 39 m. N. of Cebú. Pop., 4,352. Cárcar; open to coast trade, on the E. coast road near the head of a bay, 22 m. SW. of Cebu. Pop., 35,203. Carmen; on the E. coast, 21 m. NNE. of Cebú. Pop., 5,879. Cadmón; on the E. coast road, 31 m. N. of Cebú. Pop., 6,640. Compostela; on the E. coast road, 18 m. NNE. of Cebú. Pop., 4,232. Consolación; on the E. coast road on the r. bank of a river entering the bay, 77 m. NE. of Cebú. Pop., 4,793. Córdoba; on Mactan I., off E. coast of Cebú. Pop., 5,189. Daan-Bantayán; on the extreme NW. coast, 69 m. N. of Cebú. Pop., 8,899. Dalaguete; on the E. coast road, 46 m. SSW. of Cebú. Pop., 20,120. Danao; commercial coaling station, open to coastwise trade on the E. coast road, 17 m. NNE. of Cebú, at the mouth of the river of the same name. There are coal mines connected by tramway 3 m. inland. Pop., 15,183. Dumanjug; on the W. coast at the mouth of the river of the same name, open to coastwise trade, a telegraph and military station, 37 m. SW. of Cebú. Pop., 4,217. El Pardo; on the E. coast road, 4 m. SW. of Cebu, a telegraph and military station. Pop., 9,621. Ginatilan; on the extreme SW. coast, 65 m. SSW. of Cebú. Pop., 13,284. Liloan; on the E. coast road, on the shore of a bay, 10 m. NE. of Cebú. Pop., 9,460. Mabolo; 23 m. NE. of Cebú. Malaboyoc; on the SW. coast, 61 m. SSW. of Cebú. Pop., 13,005. Mandaue; on the E. coast road, 4 m. NE. of Cebu. Pop., 10,556. Matutinao; 51 m. SW. of Cebú, on SW. coast. Medellín; on the extreme NW. coast, 61 m. NNW. of Cebú. Pop., 3,949. Minglanilla; on the E. coast road, SW. of Cebú. Pop., 10,214. Moalboal; on the NE. shore of a large bay on the SW. coast, 44 m. SW. of Cebú. Pop., 16,199. Naga; open to coastwise trade, on the E. coast road, 11 m. SW. of Cebú. Pop., 15,093. Nueva Cáceres; on the extreme SE. coast, on the main road, 61 m. SSW. of Cebú. Pop., 3,339. coast wise trade on the W. coasi m. inland. "Per of the sa GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 459 Opón; on the NW. coast of Mactán I., 3 m. across the channel E. of Cebú. Pop., 11,155. Oslob; on the extreme SE. coast, 64 m. SSW. of Cebú. Pop., 5,934. Pilar; on the Camotes I. Pop., 3,771. Pinamungajan; on the W. coast, 22 m. W. by S. of Cebú. Pop., 9,880. Poro; on the Camotes I. Pop., 7,027. Ronda; on the SW. coast, a few miles S. of Dumanjug. Pop., 5,094. Samboan; on the extreme SW. coast, 67 m. SSW. of Cebu. Pop., 7,018. Santander; on the extreme S. point, opposite Negros, 74 m. SSW. of Cebú. Pop., 4,543. San Fernando; on the E. coast, 17 m. SW. of Cebú. Pop., 18,211. San Francisco; on the Camotes I. Pop., 5,182. San Nicolás; a suburb now incorporated with Cebú, 1 m. W. of Cebú, separated from it by the Guadalupe, about 40 yds. wide, frequently dry near its mouth. Pop., 20.690. San Remigio; on a sharp point on the NW. shore, 56 m. N. of Cebú. Pop., 6,282. Santa Fe; on Bantayán I. Pop., 3,955. Sibonga; on the E. coast highway, open to coastwise trade, 28 m. SW. of Cebú. Pop., 23,865. Sógod; on the E. coast road, 33 m. N. of Cebú; destroyed in 1900. Pop., 6,826. Tabagan; 47 m. N. of Cebú, on E. coast. Pop., 10,762. Talambán; on W. coast NW. of Cebu. Outcroppings of coal are found in this barrio. Pop., 7,423. Talísay; on the E. coast, 6 m. SW. of Cebú. Pop., 18,585. Toledo; about the center of the W. coast, 19 m. W. of Cebú. Indications of petro- leum exist in this vicinity. Pop., 10,776. Tuburan; on the W. coast, 30 m. NNW. of Cebú. Pop., 12,570. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. 40 The following islands lie within the jurisdiction of this province: sq.m. Bantayán: 8 m. W. of the N. point of Cebu and 22 m. NW. of the NE. point of Negros; is low the highest part being about the middle of the E. coast; is 13 m. from NNW. to SSE. and about 7 m. from E. to W. at S. end; Bantayan, on the SW. coast, on a little tongue of sandy land, including the inhabitants of the villages of Ogton and Lanis, has a population of 14,400, all of whom are engaged in the collection of pearls, mother-of-pearl, tortoise shell, sea cucum- bers, gumalon, lagan, and in the manufacture of a fine grade of fine cloth...... The 9 islands which comprise a group off the coast of Bantayan are surrounded by shoals which are dry at low tide and permit a passage on foot from one to the other.......... Calangamán; 15 m. E. of Bogó Pt., E. coast, and WNW. of the entrance to Port Palompón...... Camotes; group of 3 islands and 1 islet, under Spanish rule part of Leyte, now of this province: Pasijan; westernmost, 25 m. off the coast, 10 m. N. and S., 5) m. E. and W.; the vil- lage of San Francisco is on the SE. shore; island is mountainous and productive.. 40 Ponsón; most N. and 14 m. off the coast; is 6 m. N. and S., 4 m. E. and W.; town of Cáuit is on the Sw. shore; island is mountainous, but produetive....... Poro: the central of the group, 17 m. off the coast, 6 m. N. and S., 10 m. E. and W.: town of Poro is on SW. shore; inhabitants are engaged in agriculture and fishing; island has 3 conspicuous peaks .... Talong; 1, m. off the NW. point of Pasijan...... Total area of the group ..... Capitancillo; 3) m. off the E. coast opposite Pt. Udlud ... Chocolate; 2 m. off Bulalaqui, the extreme NE. point.... Don (Doong); a chain of 7 islands extending 13 m. to the Sw. of Bantayán I. (Pasil Pt.) in the direction of Bito, the extreme NE. point of Negros, 9 m. distant..... Guintacan; 6 m. NW. off Tapilon, the extreme NW. point of Cebú, is covered with trees, is low and narrow, 6 m. long ....... Jibitnil; 1 m. off Cáuit Pt., NE. coast... Jilandargan; near the Bantayan I. shore of the channel between that island and the NW. coast of Cebú, 16 m .... Mactan; E. coast in front of the city of Cebú, separated by a channel 1 m. wide; is 10. m. NE. to SW.; 6 m. from E. to W. at the s. end; it is gently undulating and partly covered with mangrove swamps; has large groves of cocoanut trees; Opón, its only town, with a population of 12,745; also Córdoba, lies 4 m. E. across the channel; inhabitants are extensively engaged in raising corn, fishing, and manufacture of salt, on the NE. point of the I. is a monument to Magellan, the discoverer of the Philippines, who was killed here in a skirmish with the natives.................................................................................. ....... Malapascua; 5 m. off Bulalaqui, the NE. point of Cebú; the main island is 2 m. from N. to S. and 1 m. wide; it is surrounded by 4 islets, is called by the natives "Lugon"; sea cucumbers (tre. pang) and tortoise shells are taken along the coast; shores are covered with juniper trees, locally known as "agojos" ........... Olango; in midchannel between Mactan I., Cebú, and the NW. point of Bohol, 31 m. off Mac- tán; is 5 m. from NE. to SW. and 2 m. from E. to W.; 5 islands lie off its SW.shore... Pescador (Agadagad); on the SW. coast in the opening of the bay S. of Copton Bay........ Sumilon; 4 m. E. by W. of Tañón, the extreme S. point of Cebu, 180 ft. high, with bluff along the shore........ Zaragoza; on the SW. coast, in the bay S. of Tongo Pt., 1 m...... 29 dependent islands, total area ... 460 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The chief products are rice, a superior quality of chocolate, corn, a fair grade of sugar, coffee, tobacco, and vegetables in spring; cotton is also raised for home use. Scarcity of rain retards agricultural development. The rains of July and August are copious. MINERALS. Beds of coal were discovered in Cebú in 1827, the first known in the archipelago. The principal deposits are those of Alpaco, Uling, Guylaguyla, Naga, Danao, San Fernando, and Compostela, and near Balambán and Asturias. Experiments have developed that while certainly inferior to special grades of English coal, it is superior to that from Australia and is adapted to general use. Gold and silver bearing lead ore are found in the central part of the island near Consolación, Acsubing, Asubig, and Balambán. At these points the soil shows traces of ancient washing. Petroleum uns wie sentral partnote island near is found with coal at Toledo on the W. coast. It is also reported from Asturias to the N. of Toledo on the same coast and from Alegría to the S. FORESTS. The mountains are covered with woods suitable for house and ship building, among them junipers, molaves, and bamboos of the best varieties. Forests abound on the W. side only. In the low lands cocoanuts grow exclusively; the wood is much used by natives in building. FRUITS. The mangosteen, sapote, bananas, pineapples, cocoanuts, and other fruits, both cultivated and wild, abound, except mangoes and bananas, which are few. INDUSTRIES. The manufacture of sugar, salt (especially on the island of Mactán at Opón), cocoa- nut wine, pottery, fabrics of silk, sinamay, hemp, piña cloth, and cotton, also sugar sacks, is extensive. The cheese of Cebú is famous throughout the archipelago. In the waters along the coast are found the celebrated Regadera de Cebú (Euplectella, glass sponge, or Venus flower baskets), the only one of its genus, and the rare and much sought shell, gloria maris. The fisheries are also important. The interisland and foreign commerce through the port of Cebú is very large. The insurrection greatly interfered with commerce in 1899 and the early part of 1900, but after the defeat of the insurgents at Sudlon Mt., January 8, 1900, business commenced to revive, and in the fall of the latter year the collector of customs at the fort of Cebú reported to the district commander the following important commercial activity: Commerce of Cebú. During the period between September 1, 1899, and August 31, 1900, there were handled at Cebu: Packages. Weight Rice. Hemp.... Pounds. 193, 121, 110 78, 192, 282 22,075, 793 6,068, 082 81,951, 293 982, 245 439, 302 186, 210 46, 300 3, 228, 497 Sugar. Copra. All other. Total. 4,882,554 381, 408, 560 Live stock, 2,619 head. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 461 In the foregoing are not included any merchandise arriving or departing in vessels having Government property, or small vessels doing coasting trade under special permission. There is included in the foregoing statement the following imports and exports: Packages. Weight. 123, 226 100, 210 46,300 19, 332 Pounds. 33, 764,000 13, 680, 188 6,068, 082 223, 113 Exports: Hemp.. Sugar ... Copra ....... Other merchandise ...... Imports: Rice..... Other merchandise. Total 469, 167 768,513 84, 456, 255 13, 127,691 1,526, 748 151,319, 329 During this same period the total customs collections were: $834,219.17 (Mexican), more than one-half of which was collected during the last three months of that period. The number of steamers entered during said period was 580, the number cleared 588. This does not include vessels in any way in the government service. The importation of flour for the above period was 923,870 pounds, 90 per cent of which was American. The increase in the importation of this commodity was con- tinuous throughout the year, and with proper care an excellent market for American flour could be established. The following shows the hemp product of Cebú (for shipment only), 1850-1899: [From the Manila Chamber of Commerce report.] [Piculs. 1 picul = 137.9 American pounds.] 60 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862 1863.. 1864. 1865 1866 .......... 14,027 | 1867 21, 914 | 1868 ... 23, 424 ) 1869. 25,859 1870. 32, 167 | 1871. 16, 934 1872. 20, 307 1873 32, 664 1874 25,958 1875 49,607 1876 30, 473 1877 41, 778 | 1878 37,963 1879. 18,284 1880 23, 739 1881 ..... 22, 874 1882 .... 9, 009 | 1883 .. 10,148 1884... 3,142 1885... 1886... 2,490 1887... 8,976 1888... 15, 178 1889. 6,7151890. 4,274 1891. 14,386 1892. 20,062 1893.. 5,118 1894.. 1, 208 1895... 6, 2621896...... 12,333 1897..... 5,329 1898..... 2, 205 1899...... 10, 750 6,860 11,838 57, 138 86,942 28, 370 17, 206 20. 962 28, 300 15, 544 23, 368 36,066 9, 906 13, 332 24, 052 19, 390 The following represents the commercial movement of hemp through the port of Cebú, 1868-1899: [From the report of the Manila Chamber of Commerce.] [Piculs.] 1868 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874 . 1875. 1876.. 1877 .. 1878 ...... 70, 695 | 1879 83, 747 1880. 182, 522 1881. 98, 131 1882 103, 092 1883. 129, 642 1884. 154, 104 1885 100, 659 1886 66, 692 1887. 137, 258 1888. 124, 650 1889 87,958 | 1890.. 131, 182 1891.. 170,770 1892. 124, 648 1893.. 115, 276 1894.. 124, 246 1895.... 122, 103 1896.. 121, 385 1897... 131, 528 1898.... 203, 276 1899... 113, 636 193, 020 182, 901 205,504 244, 481 .. 167, 469 195, 916 147, 706 618, 556 241, 100 151, 616 462 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The following represents the exports of sugar and copra through the port of Cebu for the years named: [From the report of the Manila Chamber of Commerce.] [Piculs.] Year. Sugar. Copra. Year. Sugar. Copra. 1890..... 1891....... 1892... 1893.... 55, 280 140, 200 294, 220 271, 400 163, 172 1895.. 1896. 1897. 1898. 213, 352 123, 228 347, 110 159, 469 210, 780 44, 352 49, 200 46, 414 10,562 66, 282 1894..... 19,504 MILITARY OCCUPATION. sme sa pussession was taken of Cebú. From that is During the campaign of occupation of the Visayan Islands in the spring and sum- mer of 1899 possession was taken of Cebú. From that town operations were con- ducted which speedily drove the insurgents out of the position which they had taken in the mountains both in the N. and S. parts of the island, the enemy abandoning large quantities of material of war, including cannon, rifles, and ammunition. Expe- ditions were also conducted against bands of robbers, which were dispersed and authority established. Cebú was garrisoned by United States troops on February 15, 1902. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Cebú was created under the provincial government act” of Feb- ruary 6, 1901, by enactment of the Philippine Commission, April 18, 1901, to include “that territory in the island of Cebu and neighboring islands known as the 'prov- ince of Cebú. In many of the principal towns municipal government had been established under General Orders, series 1900, Office of the Military Governor, P. I., and the municipal code enacted by the Philippine Commission. By act of the Philippine Commission, July 17, 1901, Cebú was restored to mili- tary government and ports closed. On January 1, 1902, civil government was resumed and the ports reopened. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States currency.] Governor.. $3,000 Secretary 1, 800 Treasurer. 3,000 Supervisor .. 2, 500 Fiscal..... 1, 800 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses, not exceeding $2.50 per day, as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet and organize on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October, to consider improvements needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. Under the enabling act the pueblo of San Nicolás is incorporated in the munici- pality of Cebu and made subject to the government thereof. The act also contains provision concerning the increase of councilors and regulating details respecting any change in the class of this municipality under the municipal code. The municipal government which existed de facto in San Nicolás is abolished, its existing public police force being made part of the police of Cebu and subject to the orders of the presidente of Cebú until the municipal council shall have made further provisions. CONDITIONS. “Upon coming in contact with the pueblos, I became convinced that all, or the majority of them, were tired of the war and of the abuses and vexations to which they were subjected by the insurgents; that they were anxious for peace, and sub- ar * * * * mitted to the exigencies of the revolutionists only through fear.” "The GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 463 * insurgents did not oppose the wishes of the pueblos; they left them at liberty to organize. They felt sure that so long as the pueblos were defenseless they would continue lending them assistance whenever they needed it. In other places, how- ever, it seems that the insurgents had their own way entirely." * "The pueblos, already predisposed toward peace, upon seeing the large bodies of American troops, that some of the pueblos had been burnt, and that the insurgents did not and could not defend them, concluded to go over to the side of the Ameri- can army. The pueblos began at once to furnish correct information of the insur- gent movements, and some of them, Argao among them, voluntarily offered to fight the insurrection in company with the army. Many pueblos notified the insurgents of their determination and sent copies of their resolutions to Maxilom. “In order to facilitate communication with the men in the field, I called together a meeting in Cebú, which resulted in the appointment of a peace commission. * * * "The conditions of surrender presented by the commission were nearly all accepted by General Hughes, and as a result Maxilom and all his forces became law-abiding citizens, and so complete had become the establishment of peace in this province that not a single gun belonging to insurgents has remained in the field, and those who surrendered are giving proofs of this patriotism and await resignedly for the time when peace shall be declared to reign throughout the entire archipelago, when they will recover the exercise of their political rights. "When I entered upon my duties as governor of this province on April 18, 1901, 15 pueblos (of the 57 constituting the same) were organized into municipalities. Nine of these were organized under order No. 40, issued by the military governor of the United States in these islands on March 29, 1900. The six others were organized under the new municipal code some time before the arrival in Cebú of the civil com- mission, and therefore before the establishment in this province of the régime intro- duced by No. 116, making all the provisions of the provincial law applicable to the province of Cebu and incorporating the pueblo of San Nicolás in the municipality of Cebú, approved on the 18th of April, 1901. "In the months of May, June, July, and August last, 1901, 33 pueblos were organ- ized under the new municipal code. * * * In those remaining elections are about to be held. With the advent of peace nearly all the inhabitants bave now returned to their respective pueblos and have begun erecting new homes." * * The report shows satisfactory progress in the promotion of education, increasing familiarity with methods of election and administration of affairs of municipalities, the improvements of public buildings and schoolhouses, roads, streets, squares, wharves, and bridges which suffered from neglect or the ravages of war, and gradual repair of losses from the rinderpest and locust plague. The improvement of the commercial interests of the province by the deepening of the canal of Daijagon and measures against the spread of leprosy, which is quite common in this island, are among the recommendations for the benefit of the province. (Official report of provincial governor of Cebu, January, 1901.) June, July, ano * In the inhab CEBÚ (thay-boo'), ver.; port or bay formed by concave trend of NE. shore of Mactan I. and Cebú opposite. From this bay sea channel 1 to 2 m. wide extends SW., making its outlet at end of Mactan I. On r. shore on main- land near this point stands Cebú, capital of province and island of same name. - capital of island and province of same name, pueblo, post-office, and money-order station. - one of best lighted ports in Philippines. (See Light-houses.) Its cathedral of San Nicolás is fine building with white coral tower surmounted by red-tile dome, and is 60 ft. high; new city hall is large white struc- ture. Opón tower is another conspicuous ob- ject on jetty extending about 100 ft. from shore, 30 ft. high, and constructed of coral blocks, whitewashed, and tapers with 3 bal- conies to small cupola. (See Cebu, Cebu Province, "Population and towns.") CÉLEBES (thay'-lay-bays); sea 373 st. m. from NW. to SE. and 528 st. m. from NE. to SW.. N. coast of which is formed by S. coasts of Dávao, Cotabato, and Zamboanga, Minda- nao, Basilan I., and SE. shores of Sulu A. Its E. limits by chain of small islands. On S. Islands of Célebes A. begin about 120 m. S. of CÉLEBES-Continued. Sarangani Is., off Davao, Mindanao, and ex- tend in chain to S. and W. to strait of Macas- sar, connecting Celebes Sea and Indian Ocean to N. and W. Australia; thence to N. coast of Borneo, forming its W. shore as far as Alice channel, between Sibutu (United States) and N. Borneo (British), that channel forming extreme W. water route between Célebes and Sulu seas. Is connected with Sulu Sea by number of channels between Basilan and Sulu A., from Zamboanga and Borneo, Basi- lan Strait on extreme NE. and Sibitu passage on extreme Sw. being most important. Is connected with Java Sea by straits of Macas- sar. Steam route from Hongkong and Manila by way of Zamboanga, Mindanao, crosses this sea on passage to Australian ports. CENTRO OCCIDENTAL (then'-traw oc-thee-den- tahl'), Sp.; mountain system in Mindanao. CENTRO ORIENTAL (then'-trawoh-ree-ain-tahl'). Sp.; mountain system in Mindanao. CERRO, DEL (dayl thay'-rroh), Sp.: point on E. coast of Cebu. CERVANTES (thayr-valın'-tays). Sp.; hamlet on NE. coast of Negros Occidental, 6 m. SE. of Arguelles. 464 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CERVANTES; hamlet 11 m. SSE. of Catarman, N. CHINONGAB (chee-nohn-gahb'), ver.; peak on W. coast of Sámar, on remains of large town on shore of peninsula between Inlulutoc Bay W. E. tributary of Catarman Riv., navigable at and Malampaya Sound, NW.coast of Paragua, this point for small launches at high tide. Palawan. - small N. tributary of Ulut Riv., in Sámar. CHOCOLATE (choh-con-lah'-tay), Sp.; islet 1} m. N. of Bulalaqui, extreme N. point of Cebú. - capital and pueblo of Lepanto, Luzón, un- CHONGOS, or PANDAN (chon'-gohs (means mon- der Spanish rule, seat of district of Cayán, 4 keys), pahn-dahn'), Sp.; anchorage sheltered m. SW. of Cayán, former capital of province. in all winds on S. side of Sanga Sanga I., off SW. It is on highway leading into Benguet and 78 coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. People live in m. NE. of Dagupan, nearest point on railway, most abject conditions, depending entirely 105 m. to Manila. Pop., Cn. 1887, 16,026. upon few fish they catch for subsistence. - mineral spring, near pueblo of same name, CHRISTMAS, for.; or LANGOI (lahn'-goh'-ee); SW. Lepanto, Luzón. island, 4 m. E. of Langcan inlet, SE. coast of Dumarán I., off E. coast Paragua, Palawan. CERVERA (thayr-vay'-rah), Sp.; pueblo on W. CHURCH, for.: point 5 m. E. of Reception Pt., SE. shore on Sámal I., Davao, Mindanao, 7 m. SE. of Dáyao, across strait of Pakiputan. coast of Palawan. Between these points are 2 bights in coast. - point on E. central shore of Tablas I., I CIBIGAHAN (see-bee-gah -hahn), nat.; river en- Romblon, grp., Visayas. tering on NW. shore of Sorsogon port, Sorso- CETÁC0 (thay-tah-thay-aw), Sp.; mountain | gón, Luzón. 3,451 ft. high in Cagayán, Luzón, in Gran CIDAMAK, or KIDAMAK (thee-dah-mack', kee- Cordillera Oriental, 35 m. SE. of Iligan Pt., dah-mack'), ver,; bay on N. side of Polloc and conspicuous object to navigators. harbor, E. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. Along its shores is small native CHAGUIE (chah'-gee-ay), ver.; S. point of Santo population. Domingo Bay, W. shore of Batán I., Batanes CIDAMID (see-dah-mid') nat.; point on W. side grp., off N. coast of Luzón. of inner entrance to Putiao port, SW. coast of - village on W. shore of Batán I., Batanes Sorsogón, Luzón. grp., N. of Luzón. CIDEPIL (thee-day-peel') ver.; W. point of Cota- CHARUK, or CHARUK CHARUK (chah-rook'), bato, Mindanao, (See Quidapil Pt.) ver.; islet 290 ft. high, off NE. Tawi Tawi I., I CIEGO (thee-ay'-goh) (means blind); Sp.; port Sulu A., in channel separating Little Calupag at W. entrance to Candaraman inlet, NW. from N. point of Great Calupag, and which shore of Balábac grp., SW. of Palawan. it divides into 2 narrow passages. Opening is 2 m. wide between NW. coast Ba- lábac and Ramos Is. Iranzo Pt., lat. 8° 5' CHERIF (chay-reef'), Sp.; cluster of 3 small is- 20" N., lon. 116° 59' 43" E. lands in entrance to Dumanquilas Bay, S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, and dividing CIEN ISLAS (thee-ayn' ees'-las) Sp.; cluster of passage into 2 channels. islets and rocks, reputed 100, hence its name, on W. side of Lingayen Gulf, off NE. coast CHERON (chay-rawn'), ver.; islet off SE. of Tam- of Zambales, Luzón. Also known as Capa- pel I., in S. entrance to Corón-Calamián lupulan Is. channel, Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. -anchorage in islets of same name, Lingayen Gulf, Zambales, Luzón. CHICO (cheel-coh) (means little), Sp.; small river in SW. Laguna, Luzón, emptying into Laguna CILANLAD (thee-lahn-lahd'), ver.; mountain in de Bay on SW. shore. E. Misamis, Mindanao, 18 m. inland from S. shore of Macajalar Bay at Gusán. - hamlet in pueblo of Gapán, Nueva Ecija, Luzón. CILUBEDÁN (thee-loo-bay-dahn') ver.; SE. ter- CHINA SEA, CHINESE TOON'HAI (toon-hah-i). minal summit of Rangayan Mt., Cotabato, or 6 EASTERN SEA,” or MER ORIENTALE; Mindanao. an extensive indentation on Asiatic shore of CINABLAGÁN, or QUINABLANGÁN (thee-nah- Pacific Ocean between Formosa on N. and blah-gahn', kee-nah-blahn-gahn') ver.; town Borneo on S., Philippine A. on E. and China on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, on S. side and Siam on W.; extensive gulfs of Tonquin of point of same name, 163 m. SE. by S. of and Siam lie on its W. border, and Lingayen Surigao. and Manila bays on its E. Is connected - river entering on E. coast of Suriagao, Min- with Whang-Hai (Yellow Sea) by straits of danao, S. of point and town of same name. Formosa, with Pacific Ocean by Bachi and - high wooded point resembling an island at Balingtan channels on N., Verde Passage distance, on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, and San Bernardino Strait on S., and with 15 m. s. of Tonguil Pt. There is exposed Indian Ocean by "The Straits" (Singapore) anchorage near shore. River and town of to the W. Its waters, which bound Philippine same name lie on S. side of point. A. through its entire W. limits and separate it from SE. coast line of Asia, from s. of CINABUHAN (see-nah-booʻ-hahn) ver.; outlying Hongkong to extreme S. point of Cochin summit on W. slope of E. coast range of Min- China, distance due W. of Manila 12° or 834 danao, in SE. part of Surigao. st. m. and W. of Balábac the same. Chief | CINAGBACBAGON (see-nug-buck-bah'-gun) nat.: cities opposite are Kiungchau, Hainan I., and point about center of SW. coast of Lúbang I. Hue and Saigon, on mainland of Indo-China. (See Quinacbacbagan.) CHINDONAN (chin-dawl-nahn). ver.: wooded is- | CINALONG (see-nah'-long) ver.; anchorage on E. land 400 ft. high, 2 by 1 m. in area, 11 m. off shore of Iligan Bay, N. of Iligan. Iligan Riv. Culión, Calamiản I., Calamianes grp., NE. of enters in SE. angle of bay short distance Paragua, Palawan. below, and is stream of great importance. CHINELA (chee-nay-lah), Sp.: islet in Zapata grp., Anchorage is well sheltered. in mid-channel of Jintololo passage, separat CINAMALIGAN (see-nah-mah-lee'-ghan), nat. ing Masbate from NE. point of Panay. (See Sauang.) RAM ISLAND Mextin Hall 374 Caxial Paz P Mangrove Aadeira Pe KAN DARAHAN 145 E1500) STATIONARY INLET eroth SANZ Padre Pu Pt. B A LA BAC ISLAND PHILIPPINE ISLANDS BALABAC ISLAND PORT CIÉ GO (BLIND HARBOR From a Spanish marvey in 1877 Iranzo PL, lat 8' os 201" X - Long 16 5 437" x SOUND:NGS AND HEIGHTS IN FEET The sounding are reduced to che Lovel of low water ut aprong des -- 1867 THE NORS PETERSOS PHOTO LITHO WASHINGTON DC S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 465 CINAPUSAN (CINAPURAN) CLUSTER, TAWI TAWI GROUP, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. (See-nah-poo'-sahn, ver.) Chief town: Cinapusan (Cinapuran), lat. 5° 14' N., lon. 120° 35' E. Area: 13 sq. m. Population: Included in Sulu group. Race: Moro-Malay. Language: Moro-Suluano. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. Table of distances. Cinapusan to- Sulu........ 602 Tatán ............... A cluster of 10 islands of the Tawi Tawi group, Sulu Archipelago, lying on SW. side of Sigboye passage, between the Célebes Sea to the SE, and Sulu Sea to the NW. Islands of the Cinapusan cluster. sq.m. Bintulan..... Cinapusan (Cinapuran) Cunilan.. Luran... Manote. Secubaun. Tabawan ... Tubuan (cluster) Tandubas. Ubian. Total ... 13 The islands are generally flat and covered with tangled tropical vegetation. The fishermen of the archipelago cruise among them, but have no fixed habitation. The island of Tabawan is inhabited, while Bintulan and Cinapuran are only resorted to for fishing, the chief occupation of the natives of the group and the main dependence for subsistence. A considerable pearl-fishing industry is carried on in native boats from Tabawan. The inhabitants, who speak a Malayan dialect, at one time were notorious for acts of piracy, for which the Spanish squadron destroyed Tabawan. Since the people have been harmless and inoffensive. (See Tawi Tawi group.) CINAPUSAN, or CINAPURAN (see-nah-pool-sahn, CLARENDON, for.; bay #m.NE. of Cape Melville, see-nah-poo'-rahn), ver.; northeasternmost of extreme SE. coast of Balábac, 1 m. in length group of several islands marking S. side of and | m, wide. British gun vessel Avon used entrance to Sigboye passage between Celebes this bay as shelter from SW. gales while re- and Sulu seas, in Cinapusan grp., Sulu A. covering guns and stores from wreck of Gnat, Area, 1. sq. m. 1869, on reef in vicinity and named from this -N island of Cagayán Sulu grp.: lies ENE. disaster. and WSW.: m. long and 311 ft. high and 9 | CLAUDIO (clah'-00-dee-oh), Sp.; point on Báquit m. N. of Lapun Lapun anchorage, Cagayan Bay, NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Sulu I. CLAVERÍA (clah-vay-reel-ah), Sp.; hamlet in CINASTILIOHAN (see-nahs-tee-lyoh'-hahn), nat.; Abra, Luzon, on road from San Quintin to (Fronton) point, W. head to Boca Engaño, coast highway, 9 m. SW. of Bangued. SE. coast of Burias I., Visayas. -- hamlet on W. slope of NE. range of Misa- CINCO PICOS [Five Peaks] (theen'-coh pee' mis, Mindanao, 7. m. inland from Jasaan, on cohs), Sp., NE. of Port Silanguin, Zambales, E, shore of Macajalar Bay. Luzon, highest 2,999 and lowest 1,030 ft. -- town on island of Burias, N. of Masbate, There are two others detached, 2 500 ft. May Visayas. also be seen on W. entrance to Subic Bay, making fine landmark. - most N. pueblo on mainland of Luzon, on extreme NW. corner of Cagayan, on coast of CINGABO (sin-gah-beau), ver.; hamlet in N. SS- Pacific Ocean, 1 m. E. of mouth of Cabicungan mar, 12 m. SE. of Catarman. Riy, mouth of which marks N. terminus CIRAGOSNÓS (see-rah-gohs-nohs'), nat.; point of boundary between Cagayan and Ilocos forming N. head of entrance to Panlatúan Norte provinces, on W. and at foot of N. ter- port, SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. minal elevations of Gran Cordillera Central. CISÚLAK (thee-soo'-luck). ver.; hamlet on E. Mayraria Pt., 15 m, to W., extreme N. point of shore of Macajalar Bay, N. coast of Misamis, land of Luzón jutting into China Sea toward Mindanao, 29 m. N. by E. of Cagayan de Formosa, is less than 2 m. higher in latitude. Misamis. Cabicungan Pt. 2 m NE. bears 1 m. N. Town is 70 m. NW of Tuguegarao but with CITABIS (see-tah'-bis), ver.; point on SE. coast of out direct road communication Intercourse Dávao, Mindanao, 83, m. S. of Davao is by trail or by native coasters 36 m, to mouth S. Doc. 280— 30 466 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CLAVERÍA-Continued. COCORÓ (coh-coh-raw'), ver.; island 1 sq. m. 12, of Grande de Cagayán Riv. at Aparri, where m. E. by N. of Cuyo, Cuyos Is., Mindoro Sea. highway and telegraph line start s. Pop., COCOS (coh'-cobs), Sp.; point on E. shore of San- 4,641. tiago I., in gulf of Lingayen, Zambales, Luzón. CLEOPATRA (clay-oh-pah'-trah) Sp.; series of - island 4 m. NE. of Basilan I., off S. coast of mountains on E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, Zamboanga, Mindanao. SW. of Barbacan range and in which Four Peaks are conspicuous summits. COCTÓ (cock-toh'), ver.; town in W. Cebú. - island off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. CODINGLE (coh-din'-glay), ver.; mountain in E. (See Benulbulan.) central Čápiz, Panay, at headwaters of tribu- tary of Badbarán, 7 m. S. of Dumar. On its CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLE, for.; sharp peak, 5,200 W. slope rises one of fountain branches of ft., southernmost and highest of range ex- Jalan Riv. tending 5. m. in NE, direction from Ulugan Bay and 9 m. N. of S. boundary, Paragua, CODON (caw'-don), ver.; river, hamlet at its Palawan. mouth, and point in pueblo of Virac (Birac), 13 m. S., on SW. coast of Catanduanes I., N. of CLERIS (clay'-rees): hamlet in pueblo of San Albay, Luzón. Jacinto, Pangasinan, Luzón. COGDON (cog'-don), ver.; hamlet on S. shore of CLIFF, for.; point so named from ridge of low Sámar, 3 m.sw. of Salcedo, across head of bay. hills, Barbacan range, which joins E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. COGON (caw'-gone), nat.; hamlet in NE. Cápiz, Panay, on main road, 4 m. SE. of Panay. - point on China Sea shore of peninsula of Ulugan, W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. - village in SE. peninsula of Sámar, Visayas, Eleven islets lie off this coast. 2 m. NE. of Guiuan port. COGONAL, or CABALATA (coh-goh-nahl', cah- - head, on long wooded promontory termi- nating in steep cliff 350 ft. high, 9 m. NE. of bah-lah-tah), Hisp.; peak on W. shore of Co- Cape Sangbauen and forming N. extremity tabato, Mindanao, S. of mouth of Grande Riv., of San Pablo Bay, NW. coast of Paragua, of Mindanao. Palawan. - hamlet of Negros Oriental, 3 m. W. of - small red point N. of Siakel Cape, SW. Ayungon. coast of Palawan. COGONAN (coh-gaw'-nahn), nat.; hamlet on trib- - hill 374 ft. high on S. shore of Ramos I., utary of Cagayán Riv., 19 m. S. of Cagayan de off N. point of Balábac I., SW. of Palawan, Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. with bearings on Balábac peak and Secam I. COLACÓN (coh-lah-cawn'), ver.; hamlet on E. in navigating N. Balábac Strait, and over shore of Dumanquilas Bay, in Zamboanga, looking Candaraman inlet. Mindanao, 891 m. ENE. of Zamboanga. CLOTILDE, for.; rock between 6 and 7 m. from Ya COLAGÓ (coh-lah-gaw'), ver; town in Abra, Lu- ganac I., Cagayan Sulu grp. (See Yaganac I.) zón, at head waters of Tineg Riv., 13 m. NE. CLUBÁN (clew-bahn'), ver.; hill 2 m. SE. of of Bangued. Tubigón, W. coast of Bohol. COLÁN (coh-lahn'), ver.; river in E. part of Am- COABO (cwah'-boh), nat.; river and village on W. bos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, tributary to Lago- shore of Balete port, W. shore of Pujada Bay, noy. SE. coast of Davao, Mindanao. COLANGA (coh-lahng'-ah), ver.; mountain in COALIG (cwah-league'), ver.; mountain in Panay. Gran Cordillera Central, in NW. part of, Isa- bela, Luzón. COAMEN (coh-ah-mayn), ver.; islet in sea chan- COLAPIÁN (coh-lah-pee-ahn'), ver.; point on nel between Bohol and Cebú, 114 m. E. of 00 Getafe. Panaón I., SE. of Leyte. COANTÓ (coh-ahn-taw'), Tag.; hamlet in Cavite, COLAPSIN (coh-lap'-sin). ver.; point on E. of Luzón, 16 m. S. of Cavite on main road. entrance to Casilaran Bay, on W. shore of Dávao Gulf, Davao, Mindanao. COBADIANGA (coh-bah-dee-ang'-ah), ver.; ham- let on bank of Pagsanhán Riv., 5 m. NW. of COLASI (coh-lah-see), nat.; point on SW. coast Calbayog, Sámar. of Cebú, inside S. entrance to Strait of Tañón. COBRADOR (coh-brah-dor'), Sp.; island 1 m. in From this point to Liloan, extreme SW. point diameter, 3m. N. of island of Romblon. of Cebú, coast is sandy and very steep, with COBTÓN (cob-tohn'), ver.; bay N. of Pugaten Mt.. rocks close to shore. on E. coast of Bohol, between Pts. Libas and - peak in Caraballos Sur, in Ambos Cama- Namanuco. Town of Candijay lies 3 m. in- rines, Luzón. shore at its head on W. - point formed by slope of Colasi hill on E. COCHINOS, LOS (lohs coh-chee'-naws), Sp.; clus- coast of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzon. ter of islets and rocks off Mariveles Bay, S. - W. point at entrance of San Miguel Bay, coast of Bataan, Luzón, on W. side of entrance Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. to Manila Bay. Corregidor I. lies about 3} m. - bay between point of that name and peaked E. by S. hill sw. of it, in Ambos Camarines (Norte). COCINA (coh-thee'-nah), Sp.; lake in Mindanao. Luzón. COCO (coh'-coh), Sp.; islet 489 ft. high in mid - extreme SE. point of Homonhon or Mal- channel of Célebes Sea entrance to Basilan hón I., S. of Sámar. Strait at narrowing point between Basilan I. - point m. N. of Dúlag, port of Cápiz, N. and Zamboanga, Mindanao. It is 1 m. NW. coast of Cápiz, Panay, headland approaching and SE., 490 ft. high, wooded, 4. m. from coast from NW. of Basilan I.; islet lies ß m. to NW. - town in extreme SE. part of Luzon, near COCONONGÓN (coh-coh-nong-awn'), ver.; point NW. shore of San Miguel Bay, 12 m. SE. of at end of narrow peninsula on NE. coast of Dáet, place of call for steamers and enjoys Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., NE. of Para- considerable trade; valuable sulphur deposits gua (Palawan). Coconongon hill is a land- exist in vicinity. mark for islands N. Point lies 52 m. W. by S. of W. coast of Mindoro, across Mindoro Strait. - volcano in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Lu- Chain of 3 islands stretches along coast, 6 m. zón, lat. 13° 58' N., lon. 122° 59' E. SE. by S. of point and in front of bight formed - point at S. head of Mansiol Bay, in bight on in NÈ. coast. Over this point is conspicuous SE. coast of Mindoro. cone 1,300 ft. high. - important town on W. coast of Antique, - point in N. island of Burias, N. of Masbate, Panay, 47 m. N. of San José de Buenavista. Visayas. Pop., 10,553. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 467 DALABAC I. CLARENDON BAY By A. Doorly, Nav Mids"R.N. under the direction of Staff Com"J.W. Roed 1869. West PS+ Lat.7:49'N.- Long 17:1:27E. ost iis s VARIATION NL 145E(1898) CAT TIONARY 468 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. COLASI; hamlet in Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, ex- treme SE. coast, 8 m. SW. of Aquí. COLCOB (cohl-cohb'); stream in Tayabas, Luzón, rising in lat. 13° 37' 30" N. and empties on the E. coast in the bay of Guinhalinan. COLCOL (call'-call), ver.; mountain in N. Min- danao. COLÍAN (coh-lee'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Lu- zón, on Matana Riv., 11 m. NE. of Bangued, with which it is connected by foot path. COLINA (coh-lee'-nah), Sp., village center of Usón I., off Busuanga I., Calamianes grp.; hill 452 ft. high lies to E. COLINA DE BURIAS (coh-leel-nah day boo'- ryass), Hisp.; mountain on Burias I., N. of Masbate, Visayas. COLINDRES (coh-lin'-drays), ver.; hamlet on N. side of junction of Maimbong with Bacalan, in Antique, Panay. COLINTAN (coh-leen'-tahn); island off coast of Sorsogón, Luzón, overlooking straits of San Bernardino. COLLINSON, for.; island off Maytiaguid I., NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. (See Caisin.) COLÓ (coh-law'), nat.; small river of Negros Oriental, emptying into S. entrance to strait of Tañón at Ayuquitan. COLOBE (coh-law'-bay), ver.; rivulet 1 m. S. of Pine Pt., Sepangow Bay, SW. Palawan. COLOCAUAYAN (coh-loh-cah-00-ah'-yahn), nat.; coast hamlet of Negros Occidental, 11 m. SW. of Inayanan. COLOCONTÓ (coh-loh-cohn-toh'), ver.; inlet m. wide and 1 m. inland, 13 m. NW. of Bantiki Pt., inside E. shore of Sógod Bay, S. shore of Leyte; islet covered with trees lies in entrance and affords shelter to small crafts in SW.gales. COLOCOTÓ, or NORTH ROCK (coh-loh-coh-taw'). ver.; NW. and highest of 4 large black rocks, highest 100 ft., next 60 ft. Colocotó is north- ernmost of islands on N. side of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan, 9 m. NE. by N. of Caláuit Pt., and may be seen 14 m. at sea COLOMA DE SANTA ISABEL (coh-law'-mah day sahn'-tah ee-sah-bell') Sp.; pueblo in Isabela, Luzón. Pop., Cn. 1887, 1,602. COLORADA, or PUNTA NORTE (coh-loh-rah'-dah [means red], poon'-tah nor'-tay), Sp.; N. cape of Burias I., N. of Masbate, Visayas, higher than Busin I., with massive bluffs and yellow patches among trees which cover cape; a fixed white light is on this point. (See Light- houses.) COLORADO (coh-loh-rah-doh), Sp.; point at end of peninsula forming N. entrance to Barrera port, Masbate I., Visayas. - point on W. coast of Zambales, Luzón. COLOT (coh-loht) (means curly), nat.: moun- tain summit in Abra, Luzon, with foothills in great bend of Abra Riv., 5 m. S. of Bangued. COLOYUD (coh-loh-yood'). ver.; small stream emptying into sea on extreme SE. coast of Negros Oriental, 1 m. SW. of Dauin. COLUMELA (coh-loo-may-lah), Sp.; hamlet on N. coast of Negros Occidental, 2 m. WNW. of Cádiz Nuevo. COMAS (coh'-mass), Sp.; island off w. shore of Lingayen Gulf, Pangasinan, Luzón. COMEIAN, or COMEI (coh-may'-ahn, cohmay'), ver.; low island off SE. coast of Palawan. (See East I.) COMILLAS (coh-mee'-lyass), Sp.; town on 1. bank of most N. of outlets on delta of Agusan Riv., 21 m. from Butúan Bay, N. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 22 m. N. of Butuan. - mineral spring in Lepanto, Luzón. COMINÁHUET (coh-mee-nah'-00-ayt), ver.; point with peak inland overlooking narrow chan- nel between mainland of Mindoro and Ylín I., off SW. coast. COMINGAN (coh-ming'-ahn), ver.; mountain in Abra, Luzón. COMIRAN (coh-mee'-rahn), ver.; island 80 ft. high of Balábac grp., 11 m. E. by N. of Da- lauan Bay head, E. coast of Balábac I., off SW. end of Palawan. Channel of this name, through surrounding reefs, passes on s. be- tween it and Lumbucan I., 5 m. S. - fairway 31 m. wide, entering Sulu Sea NE. from straits of Balábac between Comiran and Lumbucan Is. and adjacent reefs. COMOCUTÚAN (coh-moh-coo-too'-ahn), ver.; pre- cipitous island, 928 ft. high, on W. side of Ba- quit Bay, NW.coast of Paragua. Palawan. COMPOSTELA (cohm-pos-tay-lah), Sp.; town on E. coast of Cebú, 14 m. NE. of Cebu. Pop., 4,393. - town on l. bank of junction of one of smaller head water tributaries of Agusan Riv. in Surigao, Mindanao, 93 m. S. by E. of Butuan. Town lies 155 m. S. by E. of Surigao, 4 m. NE. of boundary with Dávao, and 15 m. N. by E. of Javier on extreme N. head of Davao Gulf, on S. coast of Mindanao. CONCEPCIÓN (cohn-thayp-thee-ohn'), Sp.; pue- blo at junction of 4 roads, 12 m. S. of Tarlac by road, in Tárlac, Luzón. Pop., 13,499. - formerly a district in NE. part of Panay, 38 m. from Bulacaue Pt., NE. to. SW. at inter- section of S. boundary of Cápiz, and 17 m. from coast at Concepción, then the capital, NW. to point on boundary with Cápiz, 11 m. N. of Agus Bay. Its E. shore, along sea entrance toward Guimarás Strait, is strewn with numerous islands. Along NW. and W. boundary extends Cápiz to SE., sea and channel to Guimarás Strait. Its N. point (Bulacaue) is 20. m. S. of extreme S. point of Masbate I., and on SW. is bounded by Iloilo, of which it is now part. Its land boundary with Cápiz and Iloilo followed ridge of range of mountains trending SW. Country slopes SE. toward sea, and is interspersed with fer- tile valleys in which products of latitude are grown. Area, 683 m., and pop., 19,342. Be- fore its incorporation its capital was Concep- ción, and chief port towns Carlés, the larg- est on extreme N.; San Dionisio on the E.; Aquí on the S. coast, and Sara and Lemery in interior. - former capital of Concepción, now a pueblo of Iloilo, Panay, on E. coast, 47 m. NE. of Iloilo. Port and anchorage is formed by Tago Bulubadiangan and several smaller islands off E. coast. Pop., 5,736. - hamlet on E. shore of approach to Maca- jalar Bay, 3 m. NE. of Gorda Pt., N. shore of Misamis, Mindanao. - hamlet of Negros Occidental, 6 m. NE. of Bacolod. - hamlet in E. range of Guimarás I., off E. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 12 m. S. by E. of Nagaba. hamlet in central Cápiz, Panay, 2 m. SW. of Dumalay. - mountain town on E. slope of dividing range between Surigao and Misamis, Minda- nao, 55 m. S. by W. of Butúan. -- pueblo of 353 inhabitants in former co- mandancia of Tiagán, Abra, Luzón. - hamlet in Lepanto, Luzón, 13 m. W. of Cayán. CONCEPCIÓN ANTIGUA (cohn-thayp-thee-ohn' ahn-tee'-gwah), Sp.; hamlet on 1. bank of Orás Riy., near its source in NE. Sámar. CONCEPCIÓN, or SIBALI (cohn-thayp-thee-ohn', see-bah'-lee), Sp.; point on SE. coast of Maes- tre de Campo I., off W. coast of Mindoro. CONCIENCIA (con-thee-ayn'-thee-ah), Sp.; ham- let in Cápiz, Panay, 2 m. SE. of Cápiz. CONCONGON (cohn-cohng'-ohn), ver.; hill at point of peninsula of that name, Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. One of fixed bearings for navigators along GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 469 MAESTRO DE CAMPO I. PORT CONCEPCION Rubido Bay Surveyed under the direction of Capt D.C.Montero, Spanish Navy, 1869. Fernandez P!-Lat.1254.3" N.-Long.121.43.53 €. Concepcion 10 5 Cables or Sea mile à S. Martin P! 25 Asuero P! VARIATION NEARLY 0°56' (1898) ...STATIONARY 20 Fernandez P 470 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CONCOÑGON—Continued. that coast or among islands immediately N. It shows conspicuous cone 1,300 ft. high. CONCORDIA (con-cor'-dee-ah), Sp.; town on l. bank of tributary of Agusan Riv., Surigao, Mindanao, 19 m. S. of Butúan. CONE, for.; conspicuous elevation near the 10° parallel of lat., boundary between Paragua and Moro Palawan. Mount Peel, 3,600 ft. high, just N. of same boundary, lies SW. At this point Palawan is 6 m. wide from Ulugan Bay, NW., on China Sea, to Babuyan, on Honda Bay, SW., on Sulu Sea coast. Bound- ary between Paragua and Moro Palawan, passes between from E. to W. From top of cone both seas may be seen. CONFITES (cohn-feel-tace); cluster of small is- lands off E. coast of Nueva Ecija, Luzón. CONFLAGRATION HILL, for.: conical island 2 m. SE. of Capoas C., off W. shore of Malam- paya Pen., W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Name is from overtaking of observation party by fire accidentally started in long grass before they could reach summit. It proved fatal to one of boat's crew and nearly so to officer in charge. CONFUSION, for.; rock 40 ft. high im. NW. of Pagdanam Pt., NW. coast of Paragua, Pala- wan. CONGCONG (cohng-cohng'). ver.; mountain in central range of Iloilo, Panay, near Antique border, 9 m. W. of Igbarás. CONGLONBOG (cong-lawn-bawg'), ver.; point in N. Sibuyan I., Romblon grp., Visayas. CONGOUAK (con-g0o-ak'). ver.: point on NW. coast of Sibuyan I., Romblon grp., Visayas; town of Magallanes lies SE. CÓNICO (coh-nee-caw), Sp.; mountain on Sibu- yán I., Romblon grp., Visayas. CONJOSI (con-haw'-see), ver., point on extreme NE. of Sibuyán Pt., Romblon grp., Visayas. CONO (caw'-naw), Sp.; group of islands off w. coast of Palawan. - mountain in Palawan. -island belonging to group of same name, off W. coast of Palawan. CONOGON (coh-noh'-gone), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Inabangan, Bohol. CONSOLACIÓN (con-soh-lah-thee-awn'), Sp.; hamlet in SE. Iloilo, Panay, 14 m. NW. of San Miguel - on N. shore of Lian Bay, S. coast of Leyte. (See Sógod Nuevo.) CONSOLACIÓN; pueblo near SE. coast of Cebú, 7 m. NE. of Cebu. Pop., 4,616. - hamlet on W. coast of Cebú, 4 m. NE. of Toledo. CONSTANCIA (cons-tahn'-thee-ah), Sp.; hamlet in interior of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay, 5 m. SE. of Nagaba. CONSUELO (con-sway'-law), Sp.; town on N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, W. of Diuata Pt., 47 m. NE. of Cagayan de Misamis. CONSUMALA (con-soo-mah-lah), nat.; point on N. coast of Sibuyan I., Romblon grp., Visayas. CONTONG (cohn-tohng'); hamlet in pueblo of Guindulmán, Bohol, Visayas. CONVERSIÓN (con-ver-see-awn'), ver.; hamlet in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 40 m. NE. of an Isidro. COOK, for.: or DUMARÁN (doo-mah-rahn'): mainland of channel, 31 m. wide, separating Dumarán I. on E. from Paragua, Palawan, on W. In N. part of channel lie several small islands. Also opens into fine bay on N. On W. are 4 small and 1 larger island, latter 200 ft. high, nearly W.2 m. from center island on opposite side. Fronting are Reef and Bivouac islets. COPIA (coh'-peah), Sp.; island 37 m. S. SE. of mouth of Hijo Riv., Dávao Gulf, Mindanao; covered by trees and mangroves; passage be- tween itand mainland practicable by schoon- ers; anchorage between this and Pandasan I. COPTON (cohp'-town), ver.; point at Tañón Strait, extremity of peninsula which separates Alcán- tara town and bay from Mualbual town and bay on S., 2 m. W. coast of Cebu. - summit near NE. extremity of central range of Bohol, gives an altitude of 10,150 ft. in Derrotero, and 2,870 on chart. - town in E. Bohol, Visayas. CORACORAAN (coh-rah-coh-rah-ahn), ver.; point on E. shore of Homonhón I., off SE. coast Sámar. CORAL (coh-rahl'), Sp.; bay on SE. coast of Pala- wan, between Rawnsley and Madripore Pts., 5 m. - point and head on S. side of entrance to Oyster inlet, SW, shore of Ulugan Bay, N. coast of Palawan, near boundary of Paragua. - between Search Pt. and Buliluyan and Church Pt. on extreme SE. coast of Palawan. Arrecife or Reef, about 1 sq. m., lies in open- ing and 3 islands of about same size in S. part. CORANDAGOS GROUP, SULU SEA. (Coh-rahn-dah'-gohs, Hisp.) Area: 43 sq. m. Population: 300, estimated. Race: Of Malayan extraction. Language: Dialect of Calamiano and Malayan. Chief town: Tudula, island of Dalaganem. A group of islands, Corandagos (N.) and Dalanganem (S.), and islets Indong, Cauayan, and Casirahan, ENE. from Dumarán I., off the E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, 17 to 18. m., and about midway between that island and Cuyos Is., E. by N. Corandagos I., 926 ft. high, the most N., lies about lat. 10° 45' N., lon. 120° 15' E., the rest of the group being bunched within 4 m. of the same island. The inhabitants are fearless rovers of the surrounding seas in search of edible bird's nests, beche de mer (trepang), and other products of land and water in their island haunts. CORANDAGOS, or MADUKANG (coh-rahn-dah'- gohs, mah-doo-cahng'), Hisp.: most N. of Corandagos Is., 14 m.in extent, 926 ft. high, 2 m. N. of Dalanganem and 18 m. ENE. of Dumarán I., off Paragua, Palawan. CORCUERA (cor-cway'-rah). Sp.pueblo in Romblon, 4 m. from town of that name. Pop., 1,995. CORCUERA; hamlet on SW shore of Simara I., NW. of Romblon, Visayas. - bamlet on E. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato. Mindanao, 29 m. NW. by N. of Cotabato. CORDELIA (cor-day'-lee-ah), Sp.: point al en trance on NW. shore of Ulugan Bay, and N. head to inlet on W. coast of Paragua, Pula wan. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 471 CORDILLERA GRANDE (cor-dee-lyay'-rah grahn- | CORON; island of Calamianes grp., NE. of Para day), Sp.; general designation of great moun- gua (Palawan), celebrated for unrivaled tain range of N. Luzón, nucleus of which is quality of its edible bird's nests. (See Peñón Caraballos Occidental, dividing into Cordi de Corón.) lleras Norte and Central, form China Sea coast - strait 1. m. wide between Busuanga (N.) range. and Corón (S.), Calamianes grp., NE. of Para- CÓRDOBA (cor'-doh-bah), Sp.; pueblo in Cebú. gua (Palawan). It is used by steamers trad- Pop., 5,009. ing between Culion and Manila. Is sinuous and narrow, having greatest width of m. - town in Cagayán, Luzón. - great bay on NE.shore of Corón I., Calamia- - pueblo in sw. Iloilo, Panay, 12 m. W. of nes grp., NE. of Paragua (Palawan), included Iloilo. Pop., 2,744. between islands of Corón, Busuanga, Culión, CORDÓN (cohr-dawn'). Sp., pueblo in Isabela, and Bulalácao. S. entrance is between Calis and Guintungauan islet. Luzon. Pop., Cn. 1887, 976. CORONADA (coh-roh-nah'-dah). Sp.: bay S. of CORELLA (coh-ray'-lyah), Sp.; inland pueblo in point of same name, sheltered from all winds SW. Bohol, 7m.NE. of Tagbilaran. Pop., 4,215. but sw., on W. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao CORETI (coh-ray'-tee), ver,; N. head of Simagup Bay, SW. coast of Palawan. - high and steep point on extreme NW. end of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, 6 m. SE. of CORON (caw-rohn'). ver.; chief town on SW. Gorda head. Both monsoons blow with coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., SW. strength, coast being very much exposed. coast, on bay sheltered by several islands in It is also frequently visited by violent squalls front, 963 m. NNE. of Taytay, Paragua (Pala from mountains, causing considerable danger wan). to vessels under sail. CORREGIDOR AND ADJACENT ISLANDS, LUZÓN. (Coh-rray-hee-dohr', Sp.) [Entrance to Manila Bay.] Chief town: San José, lat. 14° 22' N., lon. 120° 32' 10" E. Area: Corregidor, 2 sq. m.; dependent islands, 2 sq. m.; total, 4 sq. m. Population: 420. Race: American, Spanish, Filipinos. Language: English, Spanish, Tagalog. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From San José to- Naut.m. St. m. Cabra Light, SW. of entrance to Manila Bay .... Capones Light, NW, of entrance to Manila Bay Cavite NE... Manila, NE. (mouth of Pasig Riv.)..... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The island of Corregidor lies in the entrance to the bay of Manila. It is the first • of the inner line of defense of the capital of the archipelago. It divides the entrance from the China Sea into 2 channels, the N., Boca Chica, 3 m. wide, separating it from Bataan, on the mainland, and the SE., the Boca Grande, 61 m, wide, from Cavite, also on the mainland. AREA. It is 4 m. from E. to W. between Horadada and Buri Pts., 21 m. of which is a long, low, narrow sandy strip extending into the S. channel. The W. end of the island is 1} m. from N. to S., the E. part from 1 m. to a point at Buri. Area, 2 sq. m.; 5 dependent islands, 2 sq. m.; total, 4 sq. m. of the island is compose It offers shelter for voon the W. part is an PHYSICAL FEATURES. The W. part of the island is composed of elevated crests, the highest 639 ft., and bluffs frequently cut by deep fissures. It offers shelter for vessels to defend the entrance to the bay. The soil is red clay covered with rocks. On the W. part is an abundant supply of excellent water, furnished by 3 springe near the anchorage with convenient facilities for supplying ships. This climate is even, temperate, and healthy. 472 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BAYS AND HARBORS. On the N. shore, at the starting point of the narrow neck projecting to the E., is a small, but deep and well-protected anchorage for all classes of ships during the SW. and NE. monsoons. The chief town, San José, is situated on the SW. shore. There is also an anchorage, almost entirely inclosed, formed by the E. extremity of Corregidor and Pulo Caballo, a small island to the S., between Buri and Caballo Pts. LIGHT-HOUSES. Corregidor Light; occupies the converging point of 2 angles of approach to Manila Bay from the China Sea, that from Capones I. bearing about SE., and the Cabra bearing NE. on the same point. Corregidor Island Light; on the highest part, lat. 14° 23' 5'' N., lon. 120° 33' 30% E.; 1 flash white and red, alternate flashes every 10 seconds, separated by total eclipses; 631 ft. above the sea, on a cylindrical tower, painted gray, with keeper's dwelling surrounding the base; height, 42 ft.; visible 21 naut. m. or 24 st. m. Corregidor Island; W. mole head, 1 fixed light, house white. Caballo Island; on the NE. part of the island, lat. 14° 22 7 N., lon. 120° 35% * 50% E., 1 fixed light, 96 ft. above the sea, in a cylindrical tower, painted gray, 11 ft. high, visible 10 naut. m. or 114 st. m. The semaphore station of the port of Manila to signal the approach of vessels from the sea occupies the highest elevation, from which there is an unobstructed range of vision for miles seaward and bayward. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are water or road or both means of communication with Manila, Cavite; Mariveles, on the bay of that name, on the S. coast of Bataan, 7 m. WNW.; and with Naig, 13 m., on the Cavite shore main road to Cavite and Manila. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The fixed population is about 500. There is but one town. San José; on the NE. shore of the island, with an excellent anchorage on a small bay. The inhabitants are Americans and Filipinos, and the language English, Span- ish, and Tagalog. The group is embraced in one pueblo with population as follows: Total population, combining resi- dents present and absent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Island and pueblo. Men Women. Total. Corregidor, San José ... 237 221 458 DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The following are the dependent islands of Corregidor: sq.m. Fraile. El (the friar): a rugged, rocky islet on the S. side of the Boca Grande, 4 m. S. of Pulo Caballo, 5 m. SSE. of Corregidor, and 2 m. N. of Restinga Pt., on Cavite shore and S. head of Manila Bay; close around it are depths from 10 to 11 fms., increasing to 13 fms. a short distance to W.; is sometimes included in Cavite.... Horadada; m. off NW. point of Corregidor. Monja, La (the nun), or Haycock; rock 133 ft. high, 2m. WSW. of the W. part of Corregidor, with 27 fms. within m. around it; soundings decrease regularly to 20 fms. within m. to N. shore and deepen to 29 to 30 fms. near NW. part of Corregidor, where there are 2 rocks ... Pulo Caballo; a dish-shaped bluff rock 420 ft. high, partially covered with verdure, lying about m. S. of Buri, and E. extreme point of Corregidor; channel between the 2 islands is about 2,880 ft. wide and has a depth of 74 fms. in the middle. Has a light-house on its NE. extremity........ Santa Amalia, : m. off extreme W. point of Corregidor. 5 dependent islands, total area VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The exposure to the ocean storms renders the cultivation of the soil unprofitable. In sheltered localities rice, corn, and sweet potatoes are raised. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 473 MINERALS. A fair variety of granite uniformly hard is found on the island FRUITS. A few bananas and pineapples are cultivated in the gardens around the dwellings of the inhabitants. INDUSTRIES. The chief occupation of the few inhabitants not engaged in the bay trade is fish- ing. The island pasturage feeds about 200 head of cattle. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. After the destruction of the Spanish fleet on May 1, 1898, affairs in the bay were held under naval control until the arrival of the land forces of the United States, when a military station was established on Corregidor, which was maintained during the pendency of the protocol of August 12. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The provisions of the "provincial government act” have not been extended to these islands. CORREGIDOR (coh-rray-hee-dor'); extinct vol- cano in Bataan, Luzón, lat. 14° 23' N., lon. 120° 32' E., 640 ft. high, composed of andesite. - group comprising islands of Corregidor. La Monja, and Pulo Caballo in entrance to Ma- nila Bay, Luzón, between Cavite Province on SE. and Bataan Province on NW. (See Corregidor, or Mariveles L.) Area, 16 sq. m. Pop., 569. Inhabitants are chiefly employees of light-house. Chief town, San José, post- office and money-order station, 28 m. SW. of Manila. CORREGIDOR, or MARIVELES (coh-rray-hee-dor', mah-ree-vay-lays). Sp.: N. and larger of 2 islands which divide entrance to Manila Bay and form N. or Boca Chica and S. or Boca Grande channels, 639 ft. high, 3. m. in length E. and W. and 1: m. N. and s. Near N. shore on N. side is small bay protected by break- water affording good anchorage for coasting vessels. Buri Pt. is on E. Fine spring of fresh water is under cliff at W. end. Light- house stands on summit of island and other signals for navigators. 50 fms. of water in channel, decreasing to 15 fms. within | m. of shore. CORRIN, or CORRIO (coh-rreen', coh-rree'-oh). ver.; hamlet of Moros in Lanao, Mindanao, lat. 7° 34' N. CORTA, LA (lah cor-tah); hamlet in Tayabas, Luzón. CORTADURA, DE LA (cor-tah-doo'-rah, day lah), Sp.; mountain in S. Palawan. CORTE (cor'-tay), Sp.; pueblo near W. coast of Bo- hol, 6 m. E. of N. of Tagbilaran and 2 m. SE. of Paminuitan. Pop., 6,018. -point and mountain in NW. Bohol, Visayas. CORTÉS (cor-tays'), Sp.; pueblo 3 m. SW. of Cáuit Pt., E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 62, m. SE. of Surigao. Pop., 1,861. CORÚAN (coh-roof-ahn), ver.; point and port on SE. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, on W. side of entrance to Sibuguey Bay. Chain of small islands. Cabugaán and Panubijan lie off port. (See Curúan.) CÓRUM (coh'-room), ver.; Malay settlement W. of Nose Pt., SE. coast of Palawan. CORUMÍ (coh-roo-mee'), ver.; conical summit 1,600 ft. high in central range of Palawan, 11 m. W. by S. of Aboabo, and 2, m. NE. of Cali- bugón Mt. - town on SW. coast of Palawan, SW. of Nose Pt. COSAOHAN (coh-sah-aw'-hahn), ver.; mountain in N. central Bohol, 9 m. S. of Getafe. COSCOSNONG (cohs-cohs-nohng'), nat.; hamlet of pueblo of Santa Cruz, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. COSINA (coh-see-nah), nat.: hamlet near junc- tion of 2 headwater branches of Cagayan Riv.. 181 m. S. of Cagayan de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. COSME (cos'-may), Sp.: point on NE. coast of Ticao I. on San Jacinto port near town, port of San José bearing SE. by E. COTABATO, MINDANAO, PROVINCE OF. (Coh-tah-bah'-toh, meen-dah-now', nat.) Capital: Cotabato, lat. 7° 12' N., lon. 124° 16' E. Area: mainland, 8,332 sq. m.; 9 dependent islands, 12 sq. m.; total, 8,344 sq. m. Population: 4,148. Race: Moros. Language: Moro-Maguindanao and many tribal dialects. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. 474 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Table of distances. From Cotabato to- m. Manila, NW. by N... 552 Manila via Célebes Sea, Basilan Strait, Sulu and Mindoro seas, Mindoro Strait and China Sea.. 748 Dávao, ESE...... Sulu, WSW..................................................................................... Zamboanga, W. by S.... 93 953 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The former province of Cotabato occupies a central position along the S. coast of Mindanao, being bounded on the N. by Lanao, part of the former Spanish province of Misamis and from which it is separated by the Dicalungan Mt.; on the E. and S. by Dávao and on the W. by the Célebes Sea, Illana Bay, and Zamboanga. AREA. It measures 168 m. from NW. to SE. and 91 m. from NE. to SW. at its S. part. Area, mainland, 8,332 sq. m.; 9 dependent islands, 12 sq. m.; total, 8,344, a little larger than Massachusetts or New Jersey. PHYSICAL FEATURES. A range of high mountains follows the line of boundary, beginning on the bay of Campán and extending to Flechas Pt. Within these encircling crests, the highest attaining an elevation of 5,000 ft. inland from Illana Bay, are lower mountains toward the coast, and between which are extensive valleys. Within 4 m. of the Dávao border is Lake Bulúan, 11 m. in diameter, and 11 m. toward the NE. the larger lake of Liguasan, 18 m. from NW. to SE. In the S. part lies the basin of the Grande Riv. of Mindanao, or Pulangui Riv., above the lakes, not only the great river of Mindanao, but the first in the archi- pelago in length and volume. This stream rises on the S. slope of Malatucan Mt., in the extreme NE. corner of Misamis, 13 m. S. of Gingoog, on the N. coast of Mindanao, and after a S. course of 96 m. under the name Pulangui, in a direct line crossing into Cotabato, trends SW., receiving the waters of the two lakes mentioned, thence suddenly turning NW. it takes the name Grande Riv., and enters the sea through a number of mouths, on one of which is situated Cotabato, the capital. With the exception of a few small streams, flowing seaward from the coast range on the SW., this great river receives the entire drainage of the greater part of the province. In the Cordillera of Rangaya, or Súgut, which lies about 27 m. E. of Polloc harbor, is the volcano of Macaturín, last active in 1872. This eruption was followed by an earthquake, which partially destroyed Polloc, Cotabato, and the villages on the bank of the Grande Riv. NW. it'i; receivinp der the nat Gingoog ope of Mae archi ouths, on takes the name waters of the twoi, in a dir BAYS AND HARBORS. The following are the bays and harbors along the Cotabato coast: Basianan or Basiauang; in SW. coast 8 m, N. of Tuna Bay, with 2 anchorages sheltered in all weather, in 10 to 13 fms. Caromata; on the NE. shore of Illana Bay, 49 m. NW. of Cotabato. Cotabato; a harbor in the mouth of the Grande Riv. of Mindanao, opposite the town of that name, with 3 fms. Illana; on the S. coast opening from Flechas Pt. on the W. to Quidapil Pt. on the SE., 48 m., comprising the bays of Matúbug, Pagarián, Sigayán, Marga, and Caromata on the N. and Barras Matimus, Lusayán, and Parang Parang (Polloc) on the E. Its extreme N. shore is but 15 m. from the nearest point on Panguil inlet, of Iligan Bay, on the N. coast. Lebac; W. coast affords good shelter in all weather, having 11 to 15 fms, in the S. part of the bay. Linao; a bay on the W. coast extending from Quidapil Pt. to Lebac Pt., sheltered by a small island at the entrance, with 53 fms. Matúbug; on the W. shore of Illana Bay, formed by Tambulián Pt. on the S. and Dapulisan on the N. Pagarián; in the NW. angle of Ilana Bay. It includes the entrance of Dapulisan and Tigna. Polloc or Palac; on the E. coast of the bay of Illana between Panga Pt. to the N. and Marigabató (red rock) to the S., 5 m. Open to the W., protected from the COTABATO AND GRAND RIVER OF MINDANAO, MINDANAO. GROUP OF MOROS OF THE RIVER PULANGUI (GRAND RIVER OF MINDANAO) AND THEIR DATO (CHIEF), LANAO, MINDANAO. DATO TAUG, AT COTABATO (STANDING). A man dressed for the ** Moro-loro" dance sitting at the right. uc MORO DANCING GIRLS. TIRURAY DANCERS. TIRURAYES. Types of those of the mountains near the Rio Grande or Pulangui River. BAGOBOS OF THE SLOPES OF THE APO. In holiday attire. DULANGANES CHILDREN. The above were taken in the mountains near Lebac and educated in the Orphanage of Tamontaca, Cotabato, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 475 winds of the bay by Bonga I., before the entrance. On the N. side are the bays of Cidamac and Súgut and on the S. side a larger bay, in which are the anchorages of Polloc and Parang Parang; in the latter was a Spanish naval station Polloc stands on the S. shore of the anchorage of the bay. Sangarayan; W. coast of Illana Bay, S. of Matúbug Bay. Sambulauan; S. coast N. of Tambatán, off the cove of Matúbug. Sigayán; S. coast on the NE. shore of Illana Bay, between the point of that name to the S. and Samaruga Pt. on the N. Tuna; a cove on the S. coast opening about 6 m. S. of Lebac Pt., with 15 fms, in the NW. point. Tucuran; opposite the town and past the mountain of that name. LIGHT-HOUSES. Parang Parang, on Polloc Harbor on the mole head, lat. 70° 21' 30' N., lon. 124° 13' 40" E., located 1 flash red and 1 flash green light; 11 ft. above the sea; visible 4 m. The Polloc light is red and the Parang Parang light green. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are few roads and bridle paths to the interior, the Grande Riv. of Mindanao and tributaries furnishing the means of communication in the cultivated district. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The province, one of the largest, most fertile, and well watered, is also the most sparsely settled portion of Mindanao. Its 4 towns lie within a radius of 14 m. There are 50 hamlets, mostly along the banks of Grand river and on the coast. During the Spanish jurisdiction a number of small military detachments were scat- tered over the country to keep the few people in subjection, but these have been dis- continued. The population under the census of 1887 was 4,148, and the languages Moro-Maguindanao, Tiruray, Dulangan, Manobo, Ata, Bilan, and Tagabili. Spanish is much spoken. The inhabitants are almost entirely Moros. The following is the division of Cotabato into pueblos and their populations under the census of 1887: Total population compris- ing residents present and absent, native and Spanish census, 1887. Province and pueblos. Men, Women. Total. Cotabato: Cotabato Polloc ....... Tamontaca ..... 556 217 337 173 602 893 390 1,258 656 Total. 1, 429 1,112 2,541 Estimated, 1901, 4,148. The following are the towns (estimated population in 1896 is given): Cotabato or Kota-bato (stone fort); open to coast trade on the l. bank of the Grande Riv. of Mindanao, about 7 m. from its mouth, connected with Polloc Harbor by a causeway of stone. It has a fort or castle on the hill overlooking the town. The Chinese control the commerce of the place. Pop., 3,000. The river is 16 ft. deep off the town with good anchorage. Steamers call. Lebungan; on r. bank of small river near the coast, 15 m. S. of Cotabato. Malabang; on the bay of Illana, 17 m. NW. of Polloe, with a large stone fort about 14 m. from the coast, and 3 blockhouses occupying vantage points nearer thesea shore, and on the crest of a rocky knoll from the base of which issue springs of the purest cool water. At a trading post near the fort a market is held two days in each week where Moros from Lake Lanao bring their produce of coffee, gutta percha, and copra to trade with the Chinese merchants. Parang Parang; on the E. shore of Polloc Harbor, 2 m. across the bay from Po- lloc. Beef and other food supplies may be obtained. Barracks for 200 men and good quarters for officers. Also, good stone pier, stone blockhouses. The town is well 476 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. laid out and government buildings in good repair. There are excellent springs and masonry washing and bathing pools. Tucuran; on NE. shore of Illana Bay, about 25 m. from Malabang, with a stone and wooden fort on the summit of the high hills sloping to the sea 1 m. distant. Polloc; on the S. shore of the bay of the same name fronting on the larger bay of Illana, is well sheltered and free from danger, being protected from the W. by Bonga I. in front of the entrance. A naval station with a stone mole established at this point by Spain has been continued. The town derived its name from the Moro word Palac, meaning "separated,'' being situated on an island of the same name, separated from the mainland by the narrow channel Sampinitan, having but 18 inches of low water. Town is well built, with fine water. Pop., 472. Sianan; near the E. shore of Illana Bay, 11 m. SSW. of Cotabato. Tamontaca; on the r. bank of a river of considerable importance which parallels for some distance the Grande Riv. at 3 or 4 m. About 2 m. S. of Cotabato. Pop., 1,900. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The following are the islands off Cotabato: sq.m. Bonga; S. coast off E. shore of Illana Bay, 7 m. N. and S. and 2 m. E. and W., 300 ft. high, and thickly wooded; forms the shelter to Polloc harbor; channel between island and Panga Pt. on mainland, 5 m., has 30 to 40 fms.. Danauang; W. coast off Basiauang Bay ....... Ibus; a small island in front of the inlet of Baras, N. off the NE. shore of Illana Bay. Palac; 2 islands, S. coast E. shore of Illana Bay and in the entrance of the harbor of the same name ....... Puan; an island in the bay of Matúbug, W. shore of Illana Bay. Sagarayan; S. of the point, N. of the bay of Dinas.. Ticala; s. of the point, N. of the bay of Dinas....... Tímaco; hill forming an island, covered with forest and situated at the mouth of the Grande Riv. of Mindanao; this and Pico and Cogonal hills serve as landmarks to the mouth of the river.... 9 dependent islands, total area ..... ...... 12 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The staples, rice, sugar cane, cotton, coffee, tobacco, corn, sweet potatoes, and veg- etables, are grown in quantities sufficient for home consumption. MINERALS. The mountain region being almost entirely unexplored, nothing is known of the mineral possibilities of the province. FORESTS. The extensive forests, in which useful woods abound without means of reaching the coast, are of no present value to commerce. The gutta-percha tree is found in this province. FRUITS. Pineapples, mangosteens, and all the fruits of the island grow wild. INDUSTRIES. The mechanical employment of the inhabitants is limited to their own wants. The gutta-percha trade has become quite large, and is controlled by the Chinese. Con- siderable quantities of beeswax are gathered. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The earliest establishment of military stations in this part of Mindanao was at Cotabato December 12, at Polloc December 21, 1899, and at Parang Parang Janu- ary 5, 1900, since which time garrisons have been maintained and the country kept under military control. On February 15, 1902, the following were the military stations in Cotabato: Cotabato. Malában, naval station. Parang Parang, a Polloc.b * Telegraph. • Telephone. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 477 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The provisions of the “provincial government act” have not been extended to this portion of Mindanao. COTABATO, or TAVIRAN (coh-tah-bah'-toh, tah- CRISTINA; pueblo on Dávao Gulf, w. shore of vee-rahn); extinct volcano in Cotabato, Min Dávao, Mindanao, 114 m. Ssw. of Dávao. danao, lat. 7° 6' N., long. 124° 18' E. - hamlet in W. Antique, Panay, 3 m. NE. of COTABATO, or KOTA-BATO (coh-tah-bah'-taw) San José de Buenavista. (means stone fort), nat.; chief town of district CRISTO (crees'-toh), Sp.: hamlet in pueblo of cf that name, pueblo, post-office, and money Nueva Ecija, Luzón. order station. Mindanao on island on delta at outlet of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, 6. m. CRISTÓBAL (crees-toh'-bahl), Sp.; extinct vol- from W. coast on Illana Bay, Town was cano in Laguna, Luzón, lat. 14° 3' N., lon. partially destroyed in 1879 by violent erup- 121° 24' E., 5,288 ft. high, of basalt. tion of Macaturín volcano, followed by earth CRISTÓBAL, SAN (sahn crees-toh'-bahl), Sp.; quake. During Spanish jurisdiction was mountain in Luzon, forming part of boundary residence of governor-general of Mindanao; of Batangas, Laguna, and Tayabas, in lat. 140 is connected with Palac harbor by causeway 3' 30'' N. of stone; river is 16 ft. deep off town and CRUZ (crooth), Sp.; cluster of islands of NE. affords anchorage for vessels, being careful coast of Samal I., N. waters of Davao Gulf, to avoid snags carried down by current. It Dávao, Mindanao. is place of steamers' call fortnightly. Pop., 3,000. - point on W. coast of Bohol, 3 m. W. of Mari- COT-COT (coht-coht'), nat.; point on river in bojoc and 4m. S. of Loon Pt. CRUZ DE MAYO (crooth day mah'-yoh), Sp.; bay E. Cebú. COTTAS (coht'-tahs), Hisp.; hamlet on SE. shore on W. coast of Palawan. of Lake Tapao and within 1 m. of boundary CUABO (cwah -boh), ver.; town on small bay on of Misamis and Cotabato on S. in Misamis, E. shore of gulf of Dávao, in Davao, Min- Mindanao. danao, opposite Sámal I., 23. m. E. by S. of Dávao. COUAYAN (coh-wah'-yan), nat.; river of Mindoro rising in pueblo of Bongabong, lat. 12° 40' N., CUADRADO (coo-ah-drah'-doh) (means square), empties into sea on E. coast. Sp.; mountain on W. boundary of Pampanga, Luzón. COVADONGA (coh-vah-dawn-gah), Sp.; town at headwaters of one of tributaries of Pulangui | CUAGUTMÁN (cwah-goot-man'), ver.; mountain Riv. in E. Misamis, Mindanao, 37 m. S. by E. in SW. Sámar. of Cagayan de Misamis. CUANGLE (cwahn'-glay), ver.; hamlet in E.cen- - hamlet in W. Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, tral Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. S. of Dumar. 18 m. SW. of Carlés. CUARTERO (coo-ar-tay'-raw), Sp.; pueblo on 1. COVETA (coh-vay-'tah), Sp.; mountain of Ilocos bank of Maindang Riv., 1. m. below junction Sur, Luzón, in pueblo of Santiago. of Badbarán, in NE. Cápiz, Panay. Pop.,5,175. CRAAN (crah'-ahn), ver.: village on river of CUATI (cwah'-tee), nat.; mountain in Pampanga, same name, SW. coast of Davao Mindanao, Luzón, lat. 15° 6' N. 6 m. E. of Pola Pt. Near this village layers CUATRO ISLAS (coo-ah'-traw ees'-lass), Sp.; of coal in commercial quantities have been group of 4 islands, Daquio, Mahaba, Apit, and found. Hinuguitan, from 4 to 7 m. off w. coast of - hamlet on small river on SW. coast of Leyte at Inopacan. Dávao, Mindanao, 106. m. SW. of Davao, CUBACUNGAN, or CABACUNGAN (COo-bah-coong'. (Also Kraan.) ahn, cah-bah-coong'-ahn), nat.; point form- CRAAN, or CANAREN (crah'-ahn, cah-nah-rayn), ing one of salients of NW. coast of Samar, on nat.; river entering on SW. coast of Davao, straits of San Bernardino, in pueblo of Bobón. Mindanao, 6 m. E of Pola Pt. (See Craan CUBCUB (coob-coob') nat.; islet off w. shore of hamlet.) Dinagat I., N. of Surigao, Mindanao, 17. m. S. CRAN, or ERAN (crun, ay'-rahn), ver.; bay on W. of Esconchada Pt. coast of Palawan. (See Eran Bay.) CUBCUBBUSSIT (coob-coob-boo-sit'), nat.; ham- CRAWFORD, for.; cove 1 m. in length, 11 m. NE. let in pueblo of Santa Lucía, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. of Nose Pt., E. coast of S. Palawan. Davie hill lies 2 m. to S. CUBUAYAN (coo-boo-ah'-yahn), ver.; river on E. - point on extreme NW. coast of Paragua, coast of Davao, Mindanao. Palawan, 1 m. S. of Lalutaya I., and abreast CUBUG (coo-boog'), ver.; hamlet 2, m. SE. of which island is but 8 m. wide. From this Carlota, Negros Occidental. point Palawan contracts, forming at N. ex CUBÚGAO (coo-boo'-gow), nat.; point 1} m. SSW. tremity promontory 34 m. in length by 14 in opposite mouth of Dumangas Riy., Panay: N. breadth. Near termination height is 493 ft. end of Guimarás I., from which coast trends Two rocky islets lie N. of point. (See also about SW. for 74 m., forming capes and bays Talindac.) to Bondulan Pt., opposite Iloilo. CREEK, for.; point on W. shore of Puerto Prin - island inshore on bight, midway between cesa (Port Royalist) Harbor, opposite Tide Catarman and Tonguil Pi., E. coast of Suri- Pole Pt., E. coast S. Palawan. gao, Mindanao. CRESTA (crays'-tah), Sp.; one of summits of Gran CUBUNG CUBUNG (coo-boong' coo-boong'), nat.; Cordillera Oriental in Isabela, Luzón, and hamlet in W. Cebu, 5 m. S. of Tuburan. overlooking Pacific Ocean on E. CUBY (coo'-bee), ver.: point on W. shore of Subie CRESTA DE GALLO (crays'-tah day gah'-lyaw). Bay, in Zambales, Luzón. Sp.; bare rock 6 m. SE. of Cáuit Pt., Sibuyan CUCKOLD. for.; hill 280 ft. high, 3 m from Steep I., Romblon grp., Visayas. Pt, and close to W. coast of central Palawan. CRISTIANO (crees-tee-ah'-noh), Sp.; pueblo in Immediately N. copious stream of fresh wa- Bontoc, Luzon. Pop., Cn. 1887, 156. ter enters sea. CRISTINA (cris-tee'-nah). Sp.; hamlet, formerly CUCURRAYAN (coo-Coo-rrah'-yahn), ver., islet Spanish military settlement 2 m. inland on near Ambolon I., E. of Ylín, off SW coast of small stream entering on extreme S. shore of Mindoro. Lies at entrance to small harbor Panguil Bay, Misamis, Mindanao. of that name. 478 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, CUCURRAYAN; point on S. coast of Ambolon I., ICULAYA (Coo-lah'-yah), nat.; island 2 m. off NW. E. headland to E. channel of entrance to Apo coast of Cápiz, Panay, lat. 11° 45' 30'' N. passage, N. along w. shore of Mindoro. CULCUL, or CUTCUT (cool-cool', coot-coot'), ver.; CUDARANGAN (coo-dah-rahng'-ahn), ver.; eleva- outside point of E. entrance to Patiao port, tion among central mountains of Cotabato, Albay, Luzón. Mindanao, 9 m. NE. of Liguasan Lake. CULEBRA (coo-lay'-brah), Sp.: island of Babu- CUDIONAN (coo-dee-aw'- nahn), ver.; small yanes grp., 31 m. off S. point of Dalupiri I. stream of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, E. coast, (See Bijutan I.) 4 m. N. of San Dionisio. - island, 4 m. off Negros Occidental, lat. 100 CUDTINGAN (cood-ting'-ahn), ver.; mountain 29' N., on opposite side of straits of Guimarás. 1,394 ft. high in N. part of Siquijor I., SW. of - island 200 ft. high, midway between Si- Bohol, 2 m. E. of Canoan, on W. coast. cogon and Pan de Azúcar Is., 11 m. off E. CUENCA (cuen'-cah), Sp.; town in Batangas, coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay. Luzón, connected with provincial capital, 8 - island off central coast of Zambales, Luzón, m. by road. Pop., 6,735. separated from Guiman Pt. by a narrow chan- nel which leads to Tamboye roads and port CUERNOS, DOS (daws coo-ayr'-naws) (means Santa Cruz; small, with trees and a sandy two horns), Sp.; mountain of Gran Cordi- beach, passage between it and Guiman Pt. is llera Oriental, 3,995 ft. high, SE. corner of 13 m. broad and clear of danger with 60 fms. Cagayán, Luzón, 50 m. SW. of Iligan Pt., over (Also Adder.) looking Pacific shore and landmark for navi- gators. CULIANIN (coo-lee-ah'-nin), Tag.; hamlet in CUERNOS DE NEGRO (coo-ayr'-naws day nay'- Bulacán, Luzon, 8 m. N. of Bulacán. CULIAT (COO-leeaht'), nat.; pueblo in Pampanga, graw) (means negro's horns), Sp.; mountain in S. part of Negros Oriental, W. of Nueva Luzón, lat. 15° 16' 30'' N. , Valencia. CULILI (coo-lee'-lee), nat.; point and mountain CUEVA (cway'-vah) means cave), Sp.: islet E. of in Ilocos Norte, Luzón, in pueblo of Paoay. Talusan Pt., Pagbilao Grande I., off S. coast CULIÓN (coo-leeohn'), nat,; port on sheltered in- of Tayabas, Luzón. let on NE. coast of Culion I., in Coron Bay: - NW. point of Burias I., Luzón. Temple I. town of same name is on N. side; good an- lies 2, m. NW. chorage, from 15 to 18 fms., but not much room in which to handle vessel; large inlet on W. CUEVA DE IGAM (cway'-vah day ee-gam'), Sp.; coast, about 4 m. from S. point of Culión I.: celebrated cave in mountains, 3 m. S. of accessible through narrow channel in reef Mayón, in NE. Cápiz, Panay. of Culión I., about 14 m. from its N. extrem- CUITAN (coo-ee'-tahn), ver.; point on s. head ity, with 20 fms. About 12 islands in this land of Tolón Bay, SW. coast of Negros bay afford protection from all winds. Oriental, 5 m. S. of Tolón; at mouth of Mano- -- mountain on SW. coast of Busuanga I., bongan Riv. Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. CUJAO (coo-how'), ver.; point on W. coast Sámar, - point on NE. coast of Calamián I., Cala- 1 m. s. of Catbalogan. mianes grp., on bay of same name, NE. of CULABA (coo-lah'-bah), ver.; town on Daram Paragua, Palawan. channel, E. coast of Biliran, N. of Leyte, 2 m. CULIÓN. or CALAMIÁN (coo-leeohn'. cah-lah- S. of Mambajab Pt. meeahn'), nat.: lat. 11° 53' 53" N., lon. 120° 0 CULAMAN (COO-lah'-mahn), nat.; river in Min 53" E. at fort; ptieblo and chief town of Cala. danao. mián I., Calamianes grp., on E. coast and on CÚLANG (coo'-lang), nat.; hamlet on W. coast of N. of same name, sheltered by several islands Antique, Panay, 2 m. S. of Tibiao. off its opening, 81 m. NNE. of Taytay, Para- gua, Palawan; occupies tongue of land on N. CULASI (coo-lah'-see), nat; inlet and point in shore of port of same name, and has 100 houses SE. Sorsogón, Luzón. built on posts, mole, coal store, church, and - mountain in Leyte. star port on point. Pop., 3,500. Trade consists - pueblo in Antique, Panay, (See Colasi.) of tobacco, turtle-shell, trepang, pearl shell, and bird's nests, fowls, pigs, and cattle are to - point on W. coast of Antique, Panay, lat. be had; steamers visit port going and return- 11° 23' 40" N. ing between Manila and Cuyo and Zam- CULASI, or COLASI (coo-lah'-see, coh-lah'-see), boanga. nat., bay in island of Capul, off NW. coast of CULION VIEJO (Coo-leeohn' vee-ay'-hoh), Hisp.; Sámar, lat. 12° 27' N., in W. entrance to straits small bay SE. of Culión, Calamián I., Cala- of San Bernardino. mianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. -point on island of Capul, in pueblo of Capul, CULIS (coo'-lees), nat.; river rising at foot of off NW. coast of Sámar, in W. entrance to Cordillera in central part of Batán, Luzón, straits of San Bernardino. and, uniting with several smaller streams, - stream in Antique, Panay, in pueblo of enters Orani Riv. same name. CUMALÁRANG (coo-mah-lah' rang), ver., stream practicable for light craft at high water, N. CULASÍAN (coo-lah-see'-ahn), nat., hamlet of by E. of Fatimo I., Dumanquilas Bay, S. coast Misamis, Mindanao. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. - bay on SW. coast of Palawan, with Wash- CUMBRE (coom'-bray), Sp.; mountain on Dinagat ington Head SE. S., and Lita Lita I. SSW. I., N. of Surigao, Mindanao - hamlet on bay of same name, at mouth of CUMI CUMI-AN (coo'-mee coo-mee'-ahn), nat.: river of same name, SW. coast of Palawan. island about 12 m. off E. coast of S Palawan, Observation spot lat. 8° 51' 6" N., lon, 117° 27' lat. 8° 57' N. 6'' E. CUNILAN (Coo-nee-lahn'). ver. island 1 by m. CULASSEIN (coo-lah-sain'), ver.; one of N. islands, in extent, 11 m. SW. of Usada in Pangutá- 3 m. in extent, of Pangutarang grp., Sulu A., rang grp., Sulu A. about 41 m. N. of Pandukan, and joined to it CUNIOLAGAN (coo-nyoh-lah'-gun), ver., moun- by chain of black rocks on bed of white sand. tain in Leyte. CÚLAT (coolaht), ver hamlet E. of Malatuna CUNUGUN (COO-noo'-goon),ver.; puebloin Bontoc, Pt., on SW coast of Cotabato, Mindanao. Luzón. Pop., Cn. 1887, 339 - island in channel of Port Isabela, Basilan I., CU-ODBASSANG (COO-ond-bah-sung'). nat., island off Zamboanga, Mindanao, with creek enter 2 m. N. of Tawi Tawi I., in Sulu A. lat 5° ingm. distant on Basilan shore. 24' N. கரைri) PHILIPPINE ISLANDS WEST COAST OF PALAWAN ISLAND Washington or Sinarayan Pt CULASIAN ROAD From Spamáske rura 1885 A. LatSXOCXLove . WELC Mounted down Calasia THE MORRIS PETERS CO. PHOTOTHO WASHINGTON, DC S Doc 2 80 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 479 CHINDON AMI. KALAXION OR KULLONE PORT KULION ILLUUL Nautica Milica 480 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CUPANG (COO-pung'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Calumpit, Bulacan, Luzón. - hamlet in pueblo of Santo Tomás, Unión, Luzón. river of Bulacan, Luzon, rising in moun- tains of Camachin. Carries quantities of gold in its sands, which is washed out by natives. CUPIAT (Coo-pee-at') ver.; islet im. in area front- ing small bay at extreme N. end of Davao Gulf, Davao, Mindanao. - hamlet on NE. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, 32 m. NE. of Dávao. CURANGUN (coo-rung'-oon), nat.; rock off NE. coast of Albay, Luzón, ESE. of pueblo of Tivi, lat. 13° 27' N. CURAO (COO-rah'-00) ver.; mountain in central Sámar in pueblo of Catubig., lat. 12° 11' N. (See Burao, or Hurao.)- CURBULAHAN (coor-boo-lah'-hahn), nat.; islet 10 m. S. of Calamián, of Calamianes grp.. NE. of Paragua, Palawan, lat. 11° 35' N. CURIANAS (COo-ree-ah'-nass), Hisp.;group of islets E. of Patoyac, off extreme NE. corner of Lina- pacan I., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. CURO CAOAYAN (coo'-raw cah-wah'-yahn), ver.; island in Libucan grp., 7 m. off mouth of Bac- hao Bangahón, W. coast of Sámar. CURRIMAO (coo-rree-mah'-oo), ver.; point at mouth of small river emptying N. of Gan Bay, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. - inlet and port in pueblo of Paoay, Ilocos Norte, Luzón, lat. 180 '1' 30" N. CURÚAN, or COROAN (COO-roof-ahn, coh-roh'- ahn), ver.; town on SE. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 217 m. NE. by N. of Zamboanga, in approaches to Sibuguey Bay. CUSA (COO'-sah), nat., mountain peak 15 m. S. of Burnay Mt. in Gran Cordillera Central, Caga- yán, Luzón, in boundary between latter and Abra on W. CUSTODIO (coos-taw'-dee-oh), Sp.; point 5 m. N. of Tuluran I., at extremity of promontory which forms W. shore of Báquit Bay, Paragua, Palawan. CUTCUT (coot-coot'), nat.; hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 54 m. NW. of Bacolor. CUTCUT, or CALCUT (coot-coot', cahl-coot'), nat., point on SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón, dividing entrance to Panlatúan port on E. from Putiao port on W CUTIPANAN (coo-tee-pah'-nun), ver.; island, Am- bos Camarines Norte). CUTTER, for.; point on SE. coast of S. Palawan, S. by W. of Village Bay. CUYACUB (coo-yah-coob'), Tag.; point in S. Tayabas, Luzón.. CUYAPE (coo-yah'-pay), nat.; river in locos Sur, Luzón, rises in mountains of Tetas de Santa Iloqueña, near boundary toward Abra, in pueblo of Narvacán, and empties into bay of Nalbu. CUYAPIAO (coo-yah-pee-ah'-00), ver.; hamlet near bank of Sibalón Riv., Antique, Panay, 8 m. E. of Patnongón. CUYAPÓ (coo-yah-paw'), Tag.; pueblo at forks of highway in NW. Nueva Ecija, Luzon, 33 m. NW. of San Isidro. Pop. 9,350. CUYO (COo'-yoh), ver.; capital of Cuyos grp. and pueblo on small bay on Sw. shore of Cuyo I., 22 m. N. of Agutaya, chief town of N. islands of group, and 994 m. E. of Taytay, Palawan. It is defended by battery and has important trade in cocoanut oil, rice, edible bird's nests, and trepang. Pop., 8,258. (See Slugs.) CUYOS (GROUP), PROVINCE OF PARAGUA, MINDORO SEA. (Coo-yohs', nat.) Capital (of province): Cuyo, lat. 10° 47' N., lon. 121° 5' E. Chief town: N. islands, Agutaya, lat. 11° 71 10% N., lon. 120° 58' 6'' E. Area: 63 sq. m. Population: 8,500, estimated. Race: Visayans and Calamianes, or Tagbanuas, and a Malayan race in Agutaya. Language: Spanish and a dialect of the Calamián. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay. Table of distances. m. 238 From Agutaya to- Manila... Manila, via Mindoro Strait. From Cuyo to- Manila......... Puerto Princesa, Palawan. 262 257 172 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The Cuyos group of islands lies in the N. waters of the Sulu or Mindoro Sea, lying between lat. 10° 40% to 11° 30% N., and lon. 120° 35' to 121° 20' E., approx. The great island of Mindoro lies 66 m. to the N.; Panay 63 m. to the E.; the Sulu Sea to the S., and the N. end of Palawan 65 m. to the W. These islands occupy a position within about 20 in lat. and the same in lon. of the geographical center of the American possessions in the E. archipelago of the Asiatic waters of the Pacific Ocean. AREA. The group covers an ocean area of 53 m. N. and S. and 42 m. E. and W., or 2, 226 sq. m., and a land area of 63 sq. m. No 1935 Currimad HIP PHILIPPINE ISLANDS LUZON, WEST COAST PORT CURRIMA0 Seale 500l Bromma Sparish survey Soundings moet sigracicabation State, Lot 15 09 034 Caution 90no son Point Arbolodan 2 30 291 21 321 421 421 IKIE NORT ETI MAS Variation 012 Ein 1901 Annual increess l' po de SO SO 1 19 30 How Suite H. CHE NON PETERS CO. PHOTO UTAWASHINGTON D U.S. Court and Geodetic Survey, G.M Tittmann, Supt. Manila Sub-Office, Advance Print, July 1so! Currumato No. 4245 S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 481 PHYSICAL FEATURES. The larger islands of the group are volcanic, invariably with central cones, ranging from 230 to 950 ft. in height. The smaller islands are generally low, sandy areas superimposed on coral. BAYS AND HARBORS AND LIGHTS. There are no bays of importance, owing to the smallness of the islands. The water among them, however, is from 14 to 40 fms. The route to the E. is generally used in the NE. monsoon from Mindoro to Basilan Strait. Cuyo; an anchorage in 7 fms. W. of the town of that name, and used by steamers from Manila, Aguado peak forming the landmark. A fixed red light, visible about 2 m., is shown from the old tower on the pier W. side of the island, lat. 10° 51' 26% N., lon. 121° 25'' E. Agutaya; an anchorage on the SW. coast in 14 fms. with a summit of Dit islet in line with the W. extreme of Agutaya. LIGHT-HOUSE. Cuyo Island; fixed red light visible about 2 m. is shown from old tower on pier W. side of Cuyo I., lat. 10° 51' 26" N., lon. 121° 25' E. [N. M.] ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The only means of communication among the islands is by paraos and cascos engaged in native traffic. There is steamer connection with Manila, Cuyo being the point of call. POPULATIONS AND TOWNS. cuyodek Spanish damcts of the sea, winted or whitewavand spit near The population accredited to the only two towns is 8,364, which probably, in a general way, represents the total for all the islands. The Agutainos of Agutaya I. are a special Malayan race, the settlements elsewhere being but transient. The follow- ing are the towns: Cuyo; thechief town of this group, on the SW. shore of the island of the same name and under Spanish domination, the capital of all the Calamianes. The people live by gathering the products of the sea, which are abundant. The town is well built, the houses being raised on piles and painted or whitewashed. The streets are regu- lar and lined with cocoanut palms. A fort occupies the land spit near the town and was used in former times against pirates. Pop., 8,258. Agutaya; on the E. point of the island of the same name. Pop., 2,046. Calamián, Vicol, and Visayan are spoken, the latter especially on the Cuyos Is., which are nearest to Panay. After Calamián and Tagbanua, it is the language most generally used in the Calamianes. The island of Agutaya has a special dialect called Agutaino. Coyuno is spoken in the islands nearest to Palawan. ISLANDS OF THE CUYOS GROUP. The islands of the Cuyos group, occupying an area of 53 m. N. and S., 42 m. E. and W., with Cuyo, the chief town, within 8 m. of the S. limit, the distances, may be approximated without reference from that point. The following are the islands: Agutaya; about the center of the group, 4 m. long, bold and precipitous on all sides except the SW., and surrounded by a number of small islands. In the SW. is a summit 450 ft. high; in the NE., 3 hills, the highest of which is 956 ft. The town of the same name is on the W. shore. Area, 8 sq. m. sq. m. Baranín; W. of Cuyo, 321 ft. high ... Bisucag; close to SW. shore of Cuyo, 386 ft high, and afford shelter during SW. monsoon; used only by coasters............ Bombón; bordering Cuyo. Canarón; 300 ft. high, between Cuyos and N. point of Palawan, Mindoro Sea, 5 islands. Canipo; 8 m. NW. of Cuyo, 517 ft. high... Capnoyan; in the S., 449 ft. high. Inhabited... Cauayan; in the W., 230 ft. high..... Cocora; this island is almost united to Tayana yan.... Cuyo, sometimes called Grand Cuyo, the most important of the group, including Bombón which is connected with it by a low, narrow neck covered with trees, is 8 m. from NE. to SW. and 5 m. from E. to W.; a central peak named Aguado rises 608 ft., at N. point of island is another peak 830 ft. high; island is very fertile; chief town of same name is on sw. shore...... 20 S. Doc. 280— 31 482 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. .. ... ... ..... . Dit; N. of Agutaya, 860 ft. high. Guinlabo; in the center of the group, 223 ft. high Imalagun; SE. of Cuyo, 303 ft. high Imarúan; NW. of Cuyo, 466 ft. high .. Indagami; off Cuyo. A rock 10 ft. high lies WSW. 1 m. León; in the NW., 210 ft. high...... Lúbic; in the W., 478 ft.... Malcatop; SW. of Cuyo .... Manamoc; the NW., 714 ft. high... Maracano; in the NE., 500 ft. high. Matarabis; in the E., 457 ft. high... Ocón; in the NW., 356 ft. high.... Pamalican Pamitinan. Pandan ................................. Pangatatan; SW. of Cuyo........ Patunga; in center, 450 ft. high....... Paya; W. island, 90 ft. high, composed of basalt, and has only pandanus growing at the top .. 1 Pútic; on the reef bordering Cuyo and Bombón I. Quininalín: N. cluster, consisting of 9 islands, the largest having a central hill 981 ft. high. The island is inhabited ... Quiminalín; in extreme SW.; different from all other islands, being limestone; adjoining 2 islets, Chicos, are of crystalline limestone. They are almost inaccessible, rising abruptly from a depth of 30 fms., and are underworn to a height of 14 ft. from the water. In the Chicos, the water has worn some curious caves, which are the favorite resort of the swift. Silat; in S., 449 ft. high..... Siparay: NNE., has a remarkable pinnacle rock, apparently left standing while the rest of the islands were washed away. Solitario; 40 ft. high, about the middle of the Mindoro Sea between this group and the N. point of Palawan... Tabac rock: 8 ft. high. A group of rocks. Tacbubuc; N. by E. of Cuyos....... Tagaua yan; 2 islands NE. of Cuyos.. White rock; in the N., 24 ft. high, is interesting as the landing place of sea birds ... - 47 islands total area.. ...... 63 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The islands, except Cuyo, are generally unproductive except in products of the sea, Cuyo is fertile and grows cacao, coffee, cotton, maize, rice, cocoanuts. Cattle, horses, pigs, and fowls are also raised. MINERALS. On some of the islands gold is found. FORESTS. There are no forests, owing to the exposed situation of the islands. FRUITS. Oranges, bananas, and pineapples abound. INDUSTRIES. v-like swift of the Salangana,” abouurowth of the sea pra beche de m There is a limited manufacture of wine and cloth, especially from hemp, and a small export of bamboo, cocoanut oil, wax, and of late years chocolate, the cultiva- tion of which is increasing. The principal industrial and commercial activity of these islands consists in the collection of turtle and pearls, and the gathering and preparation of edible bird's nests (Salangana) and “trepang” (sea slugs). The small swallow-like swift of the genus Collocalia ( Esculenta), which builds these edible nests, known to commerce as “Salangana,” abound in these islands. The coral reefs of the Cuyos are also peculiarly adapted to the growth of the sea product commonly known under the names sea slugs, sea cucumbers, sea pudding, and beche de mer, or scientifically Holothuria edulis and commercially “trepang.” The slug resembles a worm and often reaches 24 to 36 in. in length. Another branch of this industry in these islands is curing the catch for commerce, which consists in splitting open, gutting, boiling, drying in the sun, smoking, and packing in bags. Among Chinese and other oriental peoples of the wealthy class the "trepang" is in high favor. The trade is very extensive throughout the eastern archipelago, the gathering extending southward as far as the shores of Australia. The Holothuria has no economic value among the peoples of the west. The trade of their preparation is of Malayan origin. Fleets of native craft from the Visayan and other islands of the Philippines, Macassar. in the Dutch Celebes, etc., make annual cruises to capture this prized sea product. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 483 30:1 CUYO I. ANCHORAGE Surveyed by Capt”J.P.Madear and ofhcers of H.M.S. Flying Fish, 1886. Obs" Spot Lat. 10:51:26'N..Long.1210: 26' E. H.W.F.& C.XI:30" Springs rise 6 feet. Cables 2 Sea 45'+ 32 Talcbubuk 19 (381) crl 20 Kanipo TO 43 so 20 25 CH u 10 35' 11 12 9 3 34 1 28 23 8 Putic OR Indagamy 6 Unse 9 10G 6 30 MSBombon (880) VS 7 16 Bararin 12 810 10 195 . J5 23 20 13 od 12 20 20 7,9 24 16 11E 20 25: 10 25 · 1011 19 2019 19 23 17 * 17 231, 8 23 2017 17 19 12 A16 11 2 14 17 2011 2 ja 23 15 Till 11 Pandan 10 (about 601422 22 22 24 24 27 22 484 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The annual catch runs from 400 to 500 tons, the product bringing from 7 to 50 cents per pound in the markets of China. The "trepang” is very glutinous and is used as an ingredient for soups. The Psolus complanatus and another species are found in the Philippine Islands. The Stichopus variegatus is found in the United States island of Tutuila, Samoa. The Philippine Islands "trepang" is regarded as the choicest. The slug found in the Cuyos, Corandagos, and others of the off-lying groups of the Philippine Archipelago attains an enormous size, specimens as large as 3 ft. in length and 8 in. in thickness being taken. These islands also abound in many and beautiful forms of infusoria, jelly fishes, sea anemones, corals, starfishes, etc., found in the tropical seas. MILITARY OCCUPATION The group is without a United States garrison. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Civil government was applied to this group as a constituent part of Paragua, Pala wan, by act of the Philippine Commission, June, 1902. Cuyo, the chief town of the N. islands, was designated as capital of the province of Paragua and Calamián. CUYO (coo'-yoh), nat.; island, highest peak being CUYO-Continued. 830 ft., 8 m. NE. and sw. and 5, m. E. and W., being largest and name island of group. Area, 20 sq. m. Chief town of same name situated on small bay on SW. coast; island occupies center of S. islands of group; is 10, m. S. of Agutaya I., and 37 m. E. of Taytay, Paragua, Palawan; is thickly populated and has small, safe harbor defended by battery. Pop., 8,258. Population consists of 90 per cent women, owing to roving disposition of Malay- ans, of which race inhabitants are an offshoot, and owing to difficulty of finding means of living young men and even boys flee island upon calling vessels or native craft. Ships en- gaged in trade are furnished with fruit, chick- ens and eggs, and other supplies entirely by women. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 485 1 . DAAN BANTAYÁN (dah-ahn' bahn-tah-yahn'), nat.; pueblo on extreme NW. coast of Cebu, 1 m. S. of Bantique Pt., and 65 m. N. of Cebú. Pop., 8,530. DÁBUG (dah'-boog), ver.; inland hamlet on W. slope of central range of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, 243 m. N. by E. of Zamboanga. DABUN (dah'-boon), ver.; hamlet in SE. Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. SW. by S. of Lambunao. DACÁ (dah-cah'), nat.; point forming N. head to Balete port, W. shore of Pujada Bay, SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. DACÁN (dah-cahn'), ver.; crater near E. shore of Biliran I., off N. coast of Leyte, 5 m. NW. of Caibiran. DACLÁN (dah-clan'), ver.; pueblo in Benguet, Luzón, 13, m. from Trinidad. Pop., 967. Fine sulphur deposits are found in vicinity. DACÓ (dah-coh'), nat.; hamlet on extreme NW. -point of bight on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay. - island about sq. m. in area, 37 m. of SE. coast of Siargao I., and landmark of approach on N. side of Dapá channel between Siargao I. and Bucas Is. DACULA (dah-cool-lah), ver.; one of many islands in Dumanquilas Bay, S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindano; Piratas I. lies 1 m. E. DACUMBANÚA(dah-coom-bah-noo'-ah),ver.; town on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 8 m. SW. of Catarman Pt. and 155 m. SSE. of Surigao. DACUTAN (dah-coo'-tahn), nat.; hamlet in pue- blo of Magsingal, Ilocos Sur, Luzon. DADO (dah'-doh), Sp.; island NW. of ſloe, off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. DÁET (dah'-ayt), ver.; former capital of Cama- rines Norte and pueblo in Luzon, on Dáet Riv., which empties into Pacific Ocean through small bay on NE. shore of province. It is radiating point of several roads and 138 m. SE. of Manila in direct line; place of call for steamers from Manila, Pop., 10,650. - river rising in SE. corner of Ambos Cama- rines Norte), Luzón, empties into Pacific Ocean 6 m. SSE. of Indang (Quinamanokán) I.; carries 11 it. of water at mouth and 16 ft. inside. On W. shore are ruins of old Spanish fort, shore is covered with mangroves; town of same name is at its mouth. DAGACAGTÁN (dah-gah-cahg-tahn'), nat., river in Zambales, Luzón, rising in Malasimbó Mt., empties into Orani Riv. DAGAMBAL (dah-gum-bahl'), ver.; mountain in Mindanao. DAGAMI (dah-gah'-me), ver.; pueblo and road center in Leyte, inland 15 m. W.ofs. of Taclo. ban and connected with Tanauan on coast, 15 m. distant by road. Pop., 25,000. DÁGAT NA MATABANG (dah'-gat nah mah-tah- bang'), Tag.; Tagal name for great lake of Laguna de Bay, E. of Manila, central Luzon. DAGATAN (dah-gah-tahn). Tag.; small volcanie lake in Laguna, Luzon, near Los Baños, fringed with forests. Said by natives to be enchanted. DAGDAGUN (dag-dah'-goon) ver.: point on E. coast of Ambos Camarines, Luzón. DAGDALÚ (dag-dah-loo'). ver.. mountain in, reaches of E. coast range of Surigao, Minda. nao, 35 m NE. of head of Davao Gult. One of tributaries of Agusan Riv., upon which town of Gerona is situated, takes its rise in this mountain DAGDAP (dag-dap'), Tag.: point on SE, entrance of Lamón Bay and extreme N. projection of Tayabas, Luzon, into Pacific Ocean. DAGNIÁN (dag-nee-ahn'), ver.; hamlet in Le- panto, Luzón, 11 m. W. of Cayán on Deagan- Cervantes highway. Pop., 354. DAGOLOAN (dah-goh-loh'-ahn), nat.; river in Lanao, Mindanao, flows S., empties into Illana Bay. DAGONDALAJON(dah-gohn-dah-lah'-hohn),ver.; hamlet at one of headwater branches of Ca- gayán Riv., 18 m. above Cagayan de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. DAGSAÁN (dag-sah-ahn'). ver.: hamlet on NW. coast of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay. DÁGUET (dah'-gayt), nat.: point of white sand covered with low wood, on S. side of Baganga Bay, SE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. From this point coast trends 17. m. S. to Caraga Bay, presenting several low points and small rivers, besides few villages on shore. DAGUN (dah'-goon), ver.; lake 8 m. N. and S. and 4 m. E. and w., in chain of inland waters in central Surigao, Mindanao, SE. of Lake Pi- nayat, into which it discharges its surplus waters. (See Pinayat.) DAGUPAN (dah-goo'-pahn), nat.; river of Luzon which rises in summits of S. Unión, near Ben- guet boundary, entering Pangasinan it takes due W. course, receiving numerous small tributaries increasing to considerable width, and after course of 45 m. enters gulf of Lin- gayén at town of same name. - pueblo, important road center, post office, money-order station, and N. terminus of Ma- nila and Dagupan Railroad in Pangasinan, Luzón, on 1. bank of river of same name, near its embouchure in gulf of Lingayen, and 8 m. E. of Lingayen, capital, on coast highway. Pop., 16,000. DAGUPAN, or BINMALEY (dah-goo'-pahn, been- mah-lay'), nat.: town and river 6 m. S. of San Fabián, Pangasinan, Luzón. River is arm of Agno Riv. Town is near mouth and accessi- ble to small crafts. Tower of church is land- mark to navigators. Frequent communica- tion with Manila. Light-house is at harbor entrance. DAIGAJON, or DAIJAGON (die-gah-hone'. die- hah-gohn'). nat., narrow sea channel about 4 ft. deep, 2 m long, across neck of extreme N. peninsula of Cebú, connecting bays of Bogo on E. and of Remigio (Daijagón) on W. Saves 40 m. navigation by native barotos craft by open sea route between those towns. Canalization of straits was recommended by assembly of presidentes held on October 22 1901. "This canal connects pueblos of Bo- gó, San Remigio, and Medellin and properly canalized wouid facilitate communication between one coast and other of island, Steamer, instead of spending 16 hours in trip from Cebu to Medellín, running at speed of 7 m. an hour would spend only 8 hours, for from Bogó to Medellin doubling point of Bulalaque, is matter of only 8 hours, same time that is needed to go from Cebu to Bogó; and besides in stormy weather it 19 impossible to make journey between Bulalaque and island of Chocolate, as passage is dangerous and boats have to run up to island of gate, and then trip takes 11 hours. Furthermore, by dredging bar at Dagosongan, which is point of exit from canal to opposite coast, province would have 2 ports of refuge in N GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. DAIGAJÓN, or DAIJAGÓN-Continued. DALAN-NABAGO (dah-lahn-nah-bah'-gaw), ver., for ships-one Bogó on this coast, and other hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 12 m. NW. of Dagosongan, on other side of island." (Hear- Bacolor. ings before Com. on P. I.) DALAPÚAN (dah-lah-pool-ahn), nat.; hamlet on - bay on NW. coast of Cebú. From interior bank of river of same name in lat. 7° 5' 30" of bay tortuous channel communicates with N., Mindanao. Bogo Bay on E. coast, reducing isthmus here DALAUAN (dah-lah'-wahn), nat.; bay 1 m. be- to approximately im. wide to neck of land, tween entrance points 51 m. N E. of Clarendon 720 ft. Natives pass their barotos from one Bay, SE. coast of Balábac I., with shelter in coast to other in both monsoons, avoiding go- SW. monsoon. Stream with shifting channel ing around by Bulalaque. owing to freshets enters SW. corner N. of - point in Cebu at W. entrance to channel of White Rock, navigable for boats. Several that name. DAIJAGAN (die-hah'-gahn), nat.; point on NW. from shore, among them North Bay hill, 880 coast of Masbate I., Visayas; Majaba and ft. high, Transept hill, 1,300 ft. high, and Nabugtut Is. lie off this part of coast. South Bay hill, 960 ft. high. Observation spot at watering place on stream entering N. of DAIMPAQUIT (dah-ihm-pah'-kit) ver.; point on White Rock is lat. 7° 53' 48'' N., lon. 117° 3' Sulu I., Sulu A. 50" E. DAIN (dah'-een), ver.; hamlet in Lepanto, Luzón, 2 m. from Cervantes. Pop., 500. shore of Balábac I., off extreme SW. point of DAJÂ (dah-hah'), ver.; inland hamlet of Cápiz, Palawan. Panay, 1 m. N. of Madalag, at headwaters of DALAUANA (dah-lah-wah'-nah), nat.; point SE. Ibajay Riv. of Pasacao anchorage, E. shore of Ragay Gulf, - hamlet on NW. coast of Leyte, 4 m. NW. in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. of San Isidro. DALAYAP (dah-lah-yahp'), ver.; mountain in E. DAJÁ-DACÓ (dah-hah' dah-caw'), ver.; point on Sámar. NW. coast of Leyte. DALAYAT (dah-lah-yaht'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo DAJÁ-DIÓTAY (dah-hah' dee-oh'-tie), ver.; point of Pidigan, Abra, Luzón. on NW. shore of Leyte, 4 m. NW. of San DALCOL (dull-call'), ver.; mountain in E. Zam- Isidro. bales, Luzón. DAJICAN (dah-hee'-cahn), nat.; several small DALDAGAN (dahl-dah'-gahn), nat.; hamlet in islands in entrance to Port Mambulao, on pueblo of Candón, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. Pacific shore of Ambos -Camarines Norte), DALICAN (dah-lee'-cahn), ver.; town of Bontoc, Luzón. Luzón, 7 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 457, town- - point in Tayabas, Luzón. ship having 587. DAJUGAN (dah-hool-gahn), ver.; group off ex- DALILIGUAN (dah-lee-lee-goo'-abn), Tag.; moun- treme SW. coast Negros Occidental, between tain of Banájao system, NW. Tayabas, Luzón. Sojoton and Matatindoc Pts., former E. head to SW. sea front to Iloilo (NW.) and Guimarás - W. branch of Pagsanjan Riv., rising in Laguna, Luzón. (SE.) straits. DAJUNTAJUN (dah-hoon-tah'-hoon), ver.; island N. of Bohol, Visayas. Luzon, 7 m. S. of Bangued, with which it is connected by trail by way of Pidigan. DALADILA (dah-lah-dee'-lah), ver.; hamlet near W. shore of Sámar, 6) m. E. of Tarangnán. DALAG (dah-lag'), nat.; hamlet on N. coast of Buenavista. Sámar, 1 m. NE. of Bobón. - point on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 5 m. DALAGICAN (dah-lah-hee'-cahn), Tag.; bay on S. of Sibalom Riv., 2 m. N. of San José de Cavite Pen., partly uncovered at low tide, in Buenavista. Cavite, Luzón. - hamlet in sw. part of Concepción, Iloilo, - point at S. end of narrow, marshy penin- Panay, 3, m. S. of Lemery. sula, E. entrance to Dalagican Bay. DALLÁS (dah-lyass'), ver.; town half league from DALAGUÁN (dah-lah-gwahn'), ver.; river in Labo in Labo Mts. In vicinity lead glance Panay. and gold are found. DALAGUETE (dan-lah-gay'-tay), ver.; pueblo, DALRYMPLE, or PORT TULIAN, for.; harbor on point, and river on SE. coast of Cebú, 9 m. NE. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A., formed by island SW. of Argao Pt. and 44 m. SW. of Cebú. of Tulian on N. and S. coast of Sulu to S. Only River rises in Ungás Mts. and empties into well-protected harbor in this fertile island, sea at town and point of same name. Church and is likely under American auspices to be- is visible at great distance. Pop., 21,323. come place of importance in this part of DALAGUISSEN (dah-lah-gee'-sayn), ver.; town United States Asiatic possessions. Consider- in Abra, Luzon, on r. bank of Abra Riv. able native population is settled on its shores. DALAHICAN (hah-lah-hee'-cahn), Tag.; bay in DALRYMPLE, for.; point E. shore of Ulugan Bay, pueblo of San Roque, Cavite, Luzón. (See W. coast Palawan, and N. head to Tagnipa Bacoor Bay.) inlet. DALANA (dah-lah'-nah), nat.; creek entering on DALUGDUG (dah-loog-doog'), ver.; point in Leyte. r. bank of Upper Grande Riv. of Mindanao | DALUMAN (dah-loo'-mahn), ver : island 14 m. SE. above Pulugai Pt., Lanao, Mindanao. of Bas Bas, off E. coast of Tawi Tawil., Sulu A. DALANAO (dah-lah-now'), ver.; river in Panay. DALUPIRI (dah-loo-pee'-ree), nat.: most W.island of Babuyanes grp., 8 m. N. and S. and 5 m. E. DALANAS (dah-lah'-nass), ver.; river in Panay. and w., with area of 20 sq. m. Island lies 9 DALANDEM (dah-lan-dem'); peak in Caraballos m. N. of W. end of Fuga I.; has level ap- Occidentales, S. Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. pearance and may be seen from distance of 35 m. at sea. About 3 m. off its S. point is DALANGAN (dah-lahng'-ahn), nat.; hamlet in Bijutan islet, with deep water in intervening Benguet, Luzón, 4 m. NW. of Trinidad. channel. Formation is volcanie with cen- tral cone and 2 lower peaks on either side DALANGÁNEM (dah-lahng-ah-naym), ver.; most N. and S. S. of Corandagos Is., 3 m. from N. to S., hay- ing high, precipitous, conical head, with islet DALUPIRI, or DULAMPIRI, or PUERCOS (dah- off its N. extremity. Tudela hamlet is situat loo-pee'-ree,nat., doo-lahm-pee'-ree, nat.. ed abou' center of island. pwayr'-cohs, Sp.); island 8 m. long and 2 m. PALAU ÁN BAY THE NORRIS ASTERS COPHETSUTHO WASHINGTON, DC S Doc 2.86.57 1 SULU ISLAND - NE. COAST DALRYMPLE HARBOR By Com' W. Chimmo RN. and the Officers of H.M.S. Nassau 1872 Well , Tilyen L.Lat. 2:20 2. Loog. 1215 18:20 E.Animate F.&C. VR 50 Rim . 2/ Sen til Vereket P Noblet Jedino & cortions to a weak Government Chart of 1877 GRAY ENTRANCE WHITE PASSAGE 10 Blau 5 dj ? 182 YMPLE НАА CSAKS CARANG THE NORRS PETRUSCO PHOTO LOHO, WASHINGTON DC S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 487 Pt DALUPIRI, or DULAMPIRI, or PUERCOS-Con. | DANA0; pueblo on E. coast of Cebu, 4 m. N. of wide, 3 m. off W. coast of Sámar, S. of San Compostela, 171 m. N. of Cebú. Anchorage Bernardino Strait and opposite mouth of is not good. Pop., 15,483. Mauo Riv. Named Puercos on account of river of importance in NE. part of Negros number of wild hogs roaming over its hills, Occidental, rising in crater of Solitario, flows and celebrated for abundance of game. In E. and empties into small bay, on N. shore of center of island is large lake swarming with which is situated Escalante. Mouth has alligators. Hamlet of same name is on NW. depth of 16 ft. on bar at low water, and 33 ft. shore. up stream. DALUT (dah-loot'), ver.; river on E. coast of Ne- hamlet on W. coast of S. Antique, Panay, 4 gros Occidental, emptying into Guimarás m. N. of Dao, Strait 5 m. SW. of Manapla. DAMABALASAN (dah-mah-bah-lah'-san), nat.; - mountain lake in W. Leyte, 2 m. in length, S. of Panangua crater and 7 m. N. of Albuera. tributary of Bacat entering at Bantai, Cota- bato, Mindanao. - peak in Caraballos Occidentales, in Ilocos Norte, Luzon. DAMACAN (dah-mah'-cahn), nat.: point in Cacra- ray I., off extreme E. coast of Albay, Luzón. DANAO, or CATADMÁN (dah-nah'-oh, cah-tahd- DAMACLÍN (dah-mah-clin'), ver.; hamlet about mahn'): point and river on E, shore of Cebu, 4 m. E. of Carmen. Signal station on point. midway between Butuan Lake and Liguasan River enters bay 2 m. N, lagoon in SE. Cotabato, Mindanao, on stream which connects those bodies of inland water. DANAODANAUAN (dah-now-dah-now'-ahn), ver.; islet in E. waters of Surigao Strait, off SW. DAMALOC (dah-mah-loke'); river in Zamboanga, coast of Dinagat I., N. of Surigao, Mindanao. Mindanao, which empties into sea on SW. coast. - island about 1m. NW. of Gipdó I., on E. side of Surigao Strait, between N. point of DAMAO (dah-mow'). ver.; island * m. long, 226 Surigao and Dinagat I., N. of Surigao, Min- ft. high, on S. limit of Inner Strait, Malampaya danao. Sound, W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. DANÁUANG (dah-nah'-wahng), ver.: small island DAMAQUIT (dah-mah-kit'), ver.; point on W. fronting Basiáuang Bay, on SW. coast of Co- side of entrance to Putiao port, W. coast of tabato, Mindanao. Albay, Luzon. DANCALAN (dahn-cah-lahn), nat.; point on E. DAMBLUE (dam-blew'-ay), ver.; small stream coast of Albay, Luzón. flowing into Tañón Strait, 3 m. NE. of Toledo, W. coast of Cebú. - point, extreme E. of Sorsogón, Luzon, and DAMIÁN, SAN (sahn dah-meeaḥn'), Sp.; hamlet N. approach to Gúbat port. in pueblo of Gapán, Nueva Ecija, Luzon. - point on SW. coast of Lubang I., NW. of DAMITA (dah-mee'-tah), Sp.: island 3 m. SE. of Mindoro. Weyler, off W. shore of Sámar, NW. of Tactac - town of Negros Occidental, on 1. bank of Malanao Riv., 2 m. above its mouth on S. shore of Guimarás Strait, 46. m. S. of Bacolod. DAMMÁ, or DAMMI (dam-mah', dam'-me), ver.; Pop., 1,445. diamond-shaped island, most E. of Laparan DANCALAO (dahn-cah-lah'-oh); river in Batan- grp., Sulu A., 43 by 3 m. in extent. gas, Luzon, rising in mountains of Batulao DAMNÓ (dam-noh'). ver.; hamlet on road be- and emptying into bay of Balayan on S. coast. tween Villasis and Malasiqui, in E. Pangasi- nán, Luzón, 23 m. SE. of Lingayen. DANDUGAN (dahn-doo'-gahn), ver.; point on coast of Cebú. DAMOCAN (dah-moh'-cahn), ver.; islet | m. NW. DANGAL (dang-ahl'), nat.: point on E. coast of of Pata (Pala) I., off S. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A. Paragua, Palawan. DAMPALÁN (dam-pah-lahn'), ver., town on l. bank of W. branch of Dapitan Riv., NE. Dapi- DANGÁN (dahng-ahn'), nat.: hamlet on W. coast tan, Mindanao, 9. m. SE. by S. of Dapitan. of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, 40m. N. of Zamboanga. DAMPIER, for.; point 9 m. from N. end of En- deavor Pt., and forms W. extremity of bay v | DANGAY (dahng-i'), ver.; hamlet of Lanao, Min- between Dumarán and Paragua, Palawan, danao, on s. shore of Lake Lanao. Lake into which Cook channel opens on N. point. Tapao lies 3 m. to S. Peak 960 ft. high lies inland, and is a com- DANGISEN (dung-ee'-senn). ver.; hamlet in manding headland entering bay and channel. pueblo of Cabugao, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. DAMPILASAN (dum-pee-lah'-sahn), nat.; hamlet DANGLÁ (dahn glah'), ver town in Abra, Luzon, in Misamis, Mindanao. 7 m. N. of Bangued, on Tineg Riv. DAMPOL (dum-paul'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of DANGLASS (dun-glass'), ver., hamlet in pueblo Quingua, Bulacán, Luzón. of Tayum, Abra, Luzón. DAMULAAN (dah-moo-lah'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on DANGLAY (dun-glie'), nat.; mountain 1.145 it. S. coast of Leyte, entering sea 3 m. SE. of high, 1 m. N. of Binátac Pt., N head of E. Albuera. entrance to San Juanico Strait, NE, coast of . DAMUNIL (dah-moo-nil'), ver.; river in Abra, Leyte. Luzón, near S. boundary and tributary írom -- mountain in SW. Sámar. E. to Abra Riv. DANGON (dahng-ohn), ver.. hamlet on I. bank DANA BASOT (dah'-nah bah-sought'), nat., point of Maasin Riv., 3 m. NE. of Maasin, on SE. shore of Palánog port, NW. coast of DAXGSMÁN, or CANGSMAN (dangs-mahn', cangs- Masbate, Visayas. mahn'). ver. mountain in extreme SW of DANACALAN (dah-nah-cah-lahn). ver.. hamlet Sámar. at head of port on N. shore of Sámar. DANGSUD (dahng-sood'), ver., hamlet on r, bank DANAI (dah'-nie), nat., creek emptying into of Jalaur Riv., 1 m. SW. by S. of Barotac China Sea, N. coast of Lúbang I., off Batangas, Nuevo. Luzón, NE. of Tilig port. DANGUSUNGAN (dang-00-soong' ahn), ver.; river DANAJÓN (dah-nah-hawn'). ver.. islet NE, of rising in coast range on E. coast and empty- Bohol I., 8 m. N. of Lapinın Grande or ing into sea on NE. shore of bay of Remigio, Minoc 1. DANAN (dah-nahn'). ver.. active and solfataric | DANICAP (dah-nee-cup'). ver.: mountain in E. central Bohol, 6 m. NE. of Sierra Bullones. volcano in Leyte, lat. 10° 54' N. lon. 1240 53' E.. composed of andesite and contains sulphur. DANIK (dah neek'). nat. creek entering on S. DANAO (dah-now'). nat.: hamlet on S. bank of bank of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Ulagig Riv., in N. central Bohol. Cotabato, Mindanao, E. of Bulusan Pt. 488 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. DANIM (dah-neem), ver.; point on SE. coast of | DA0; pueblo at mouth of river of same name on Negros Oriental, 12 m. S. by W. of Dumaguete W. coast of S. Antique, Panay, 15 m. S. of San and same distance NE. of Bombonón, extreme José de Buenavista. Pop., 7,948. SE. end of Negros. -- mountain in central range of Negros Occi- DANJUGAN (dahn-hoo'-gahn), ver; island 1 m. dental, 9 m. E. of Suay. long, 2 m. N. of Binigsían Pt., N. of Inayauan, DAOG-DAOG (dah-og-dah-og'), ver.; mountain in W. coast of Negros Occidental. SW. Leyte, 8 m. E. of Inapacan. DANKAN (dunn-cahn'), nat.; point and village DAPÁ (dah-pah'), nat.; channel between Siargao to N. on SW. shore of Lapac I., Tapul grp., and Bucás Is., safe and deep, least width 1 Sulu A. cable (720 ft.) between island off Pt. Camba- DANLIG (dahn-leeg'), ver.; hamlet on extreme sak, 8. point of Siargao, and N. coast of E. E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, with good har- Bucás. bor on W. side of N. waters of Cook channel, - pueblo on SW. shore of Siargao I. and N. separating Dumarán I. from mainland, 23 m. side of Dapá channel, 41 m. E. of Surigao; SSE. of Taytay. anchorage in narrow channel between Dapá - pueblo on E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, reef and shore. Inlet NW. of Dapá also for on shore of channel between mainland and boat navigation. Pop., 1,200. Dumarán I., 24 m. SSE. of Taytay. Pop., Cn. DAPDAP (dahp-dahp'), nat.; point forming E. 1887, 569. head to entrance to Panlatúan Pt., SW. coast DANSALAN, or DIMAM PAN (dahn-sah-lahn, dee- of Sorsogón, Luzón. mahm'-pahn), ver.; hamlet at SW. of 2 out- -- point on S. side of Iloilo Strait, NW. shore lets of Liguasan Lagoon, Cotabato, Minda- Guimarás I., opposite Iloilo, Panay. nao, 31, m. SE. of Cotabato. - town 10 m. NE. of Cebú, adjoining Liloan, - creek carrying drainage of Liguasan La- E. coast of Cebú, and with it numbers 8,380 goon into Kobulanang tributary of Bacat Riv., inhabitants. Cotabato, Mindanao. - town on E. coast of Sámar, 2 m. N. of Paric. - hamlet on NW. shore of port Sorsogon, E. Pop., 2,634. of Sorsogón. - shoal upward of 1 m. S. of Layalaya islets, - tributary of the Grande Riv. of Mindanao. off W. coast of Sámar, opposite Tarangnán. (See Bacat Riv.) - hamlet of Cápiz, Panay, NW. coast, 41 m. DANTALON (dahn-tah-lawn'), ver.; hamlet on S. SE. of Tangalan. shore of Liguasan Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. - hamlet 4 m. N. of Tarangnán, W. coast of DANUISONG (dah-nwe'-song), ver.; hamlet on E. Sámar. coast of Mindanao, 7 m. SW. of Cáuit Pt. - hamlet in Sw. Iloilo, Panay, 24 m. NW. of DAO (dah'-00), nat.; pueblo 1 m. above junction Córdoba. of Maindang with Malinannang Riv., in Cá- piz, Panay, 19 m. SW. of Cápiz. Pop. 8,785. town in Surigao, Mindanao. - river rising in central range of S. Leyte, - point in N. Burias I., Masbate grp., Visa yas. and running E. enters sea 2 m. S. of Dutag. point in Tayabas, Luzón. - hamlet, Pampanga, Luzón, 13 m. N. of Ba- DAPDAPAN (dahp-dah-pahn), nat.; inland ham- color. let of N. Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. SE. of Sapián, DAPITAN, MINDANAO. (Dah-pee'-tahn, meen-dah-now', nat.) Chief town: Dapitan, lat. 8° 39' N., lon. 123° 24' E. Area: 2,386 sq. m.; mainland, 2,383 sq. m.; 6 dependent islands, 3 sq. m. Population: 17,273, official; 3,000, estimated; total, 20,273. Race: Moros chiefly. Language: Moro, Malay-Moro, Visayan-Sibuyano, and local dialects. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. Table of distances. From Dapitan to- Cebú, Cebú, N. by E... Dumaguete, Negros, N.... Iloilo, Panay, N....... Manila, Luzon, NNW.. Manila, via Sulu and Mindoro seas, Mindoro Strait, and China Sea.. Surigao, Mindanao, NE. across the Sea of Mindanao..... Zamboanga, Mindanao, SW. via Sulu Sea..... m. 118 47 176 443 524 164 151 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The portion known as the comandancia of Dapitan occupies the NW. coast of Mindanao between the NW. angles of boundary of Misamis and NE. of Zamboanga, and is bounded on the N. by the Sulu Sea, E. by Misamis and Lanao, S. by Cotabato and Zamboanga, and W. by Zamboanga and the Sulu Sea. AREA. Dapitan is triangular in shape, 52 m. along its E. and 101 m. from E. to W. along its S. boundary; total, 2,386. S I ARG A 0 IS AND 2020 Pound tros 1 TION 0 VARIA 108 YYYYY YOVY Wart Kino Banho Koml 27 38 mino 50 Dopa Reef 71 27 93 137 Barrabas Bain DA 39 88 CHANNEL Euro 77 Th i 66 66 6071 7 VIWW 000 co NUM Inayauan Pt. SLANDS Port astilia Bucas 6 mol Sydawl na sit, dan PHILIPPINE ISLANDS SIARGAO AND BUCAS ISLANDS Port DAPA CHANNEL Coral rear Batuehas Schwwww AND MWL PORT SIBONGA Tizz 36 31.27 49 From a Spanish swrvey in 1863 Casulian Island Ham Dapa Wharf. Lat. 8° 48'35 N Long. 126 03 CE. HO SS NAN . 77 132 55 Noris M PORT SIBONGA 38 & S5 S Doc 2.80 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 489 PHYSICAL FEATURES. The E. and S. regions of this territory are composed of high mountains, the Gran Malindang extending along the E. boundary forming the watershed of rivers flowing into Iligan and Panguil bays on the E., Sindangan and the Dapitan bays on the NW. and W. The rivers in the SE. part also find their outlets in the Bay of Panguil. BAYS AND HARBORS. The Dapitan shore is indented with several bays, the best of which are: Capul; a sheltered inlet on the SE. angle of Murciélagos Bay, N. coast. Dapitan; between Tagolo on the N. and Sicayac Pts. on the S., 8 m. apart. Sheltered from all winds but the W. with 17 fms. at the entrance and 44 fms. at the anchorage before the town. Murciélagos; between Bombón Pt. in Misamis and Silla Pts. in Dapitan, 14 m., with soundings from 41 to 8 fms. Safe anchorages among the islands. Sindangan; between Dauigan Pt. (N.) and Sindangan Pt. (S.), 21 m. The shores of this bay are very steep, the only anchorages being S. of Dauigan Pt. in 3 fms. and E. of Sindangan Pt. in 11 fms. Talaguilong; port in the N. part of the Dapitan Bay, about 1 m. in diameter, completely shut in and convenient for vessels of all sizes, with a depth from 51 to 8 fms. LIGHT-HOUSES. The channel between Sulu and Mindoro seas is lighted from Dapitan Bay at- Tubud (Tagolo); point, lat. 8° 42' N., lon. 123° 23' N., 1 fixed red light 43 ft. above the sea, height of tower, 20 ft., iron, on stone base, lead color, keeper's dwelling attached, visible 12 m. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The means of transportation for native products is by coast waters and rivers navi. gable for small boats, all the settlements lying within access to this means for trans- portation. From Dapitan to Dipólog, the farthest town, is a horse road, and in many parts suitable to cart travel. POPULATION AND TOWNS. Dapitan of tirely More the towme name: an impor 7,627, i The population of Dapitan officially stated at 17,273, and 3,000 estimated wild, or total of 20,273, is almost entirely Moro, speaking Moro, Malay-Moro, Visayan- Sibuyano, and dialects. The following are the towns: Dapitan; on the 1. bank of the river of the same name, navigable for lanchas, which can enter from Dapitan Bay at high water. It has an important trade in cacao, wax, and maize. Cattle are also to be had in abundance. Pop., 7,627, includ- ing the villages of Barcelona, Conquista, Danpolan, Ilaya, and Lebay. Dipólog; on the coast, 71 m. SW. of Dapitan. Pop., 4,611, with dependent vil- lages Polanco and Sianib. Lubungan; at the mouth of a river, 10 m. SW. of Dapitan. Pop., 5,157, with the villages of Dahinop, Langitian, Manocán, Matan, Miatan, Tabao, Toocaan, and Sera. Matan; on the N. coast, 14 m. SW. of Dapitan; Padua; on the W. slope of Gran Malindang Mt., 25 m. ESE. of Dapitan. af bahinop, Langitian...ancak Dapitan; DEPENDENT ISLANDS. NNW. of Dapitan bax. of cipit pe generalls how to 8 and The dependent islands lying off the coast of Dapitan are: sq.m. Aligbai; 111 m. NNW. of Dapitan Bay .... Murciélagos; several small islands N. of Cipit Pt., 8 m. ENE of the coast end of the boundary between Dapitan and Zamboanga. They are generally low. the largest, the E., being 2,160 ft. in length. The channels between them are clear, with 44 to 8 and 18 ims ..... Silino, 3 small islands lying inshore on Murciélagos Bay, N. coast, 8 m. N. by E. of Tagolo Pt.. 6 dependent islands, total area . VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The staple products of agriculture, including hemp, cotton, corn, sugar, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, and vegetables, are cultivated by primitive methods for domestie consumption. 190 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MINERALS. The existence of gold, coal, copper, platinum, and sulphur in Mindanao has been established, but to what extent is not known. FORESTS. Except along the sea coast of Dapitan these territories are covered with extensive forests of woods useful in house and ship building and furniture making. The rivers during the rainy season afford facilities for reaching the coast, particularly through the main stream and tributaries of the Pulangui. The forests of ebony are particularly valuable. FRUITS. The fruits of the islands, particularly bananas, pineapples, grow abundantly. INDUSTRIES. The collection of forest products, especially gums, wax, and honey, the weaving of fabrics for domestic use, the manufacture of cacao, and the raising of cattle are the industries. These articles, in small quantities, are exported through the ports of Cotabato and Dapitan. Thetic use, tha of Cotabastries. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The only garrisoned point is at Dapitan, established April 1, 1901. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The provincial government act has not been extended to this portion of Mindanao. DAPITAN (dah-pee'-tahn), nat.; bay on extreme DAQUIDAQUID (dah-key-dah-kid'), nat.; island NW. coast of Dapitan, Mindanao, opening be off coast of Masbate, Visayas. tween Tagolo Pt. on N. and Sicayac Pt. to S., DAQUÍO (dah-kee'-oh), ver.; islet of Cuatro grp., 8 m., and sheltered from all winds but W. N. off W. coast of Leyte, 6 m. NW. of Inopacan. coast of bay is high. Pt. Tubud (Tugod), 13 m. S. of Pt. Tagolo, is remarkable by having DAQUIT (dah-kit'), ver.; point on extreme pro- over it isolated conical hill. Town of Dapi- jection of E. coast of Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol, tan lies on E. shore where river of same name Visayas. enters bay. Little port of Talaguilong is in DARACOTAN (dah-rah-caw'-tahn), ver.; bay 21 N. part of bay. Anchorage is before town. m. between heads, 2, m. N. of Santa Mónica, There is also fixed light on Pt. Tubud (q. v.). on extreme NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. On peninsula between Silla Pt. on N. and Da Tiniguiban hamlet is on its NW. shore and pitan Bay on W. coasts is conspicuous hill, island of same name opposite. (See Crawford 1,397 ft. high. Pt.) --- pueblo in former comandancia of Dapitan, - island in that bay, 1 m. off shore on ex- Mindanao, on l, bank on main outflow of river treme NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. of same name into Dapitan Bay. Town en- - point at S. extremity of bay, 21 m. N. of joys large export trade in cacao, wax, and Santa Monica, NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. maize. Surrounding region is populous, and soil, which is very fertile, is extensively cul- DARAGA (dah-rah'-gah), nat.; hamlet at mouth tivated. Large herds of fine cattle are raised of river of that name, on SW. shore of Masbate for local and export trade. Port is important I., Visayas. coaling place for vessels passing from Duma - - town in Surigao, Mindanao. guete and ports of Visayan Is, along coast of DARAGA or CAGSAUA (dah-rah'-gah, cahg-sah'- Mindanao, SW. to Zamboanga and Sulu A. wah); town at foot of Albay volcano, near Pop., 5, 700. headwaters of Sabang Riv., about 2 m. E. of - river rising in Gran Malindang Mt., and Legaspi, and 5 m. N. of Albay, Luzón. Hills taking NW. course of 19 m. enters Dapitan in vicinity and of Albay are covered with Bay through 2 months, between which is extensive groves of cocoa palms. Pop., 25/000. town of same name. Bar of river has very DARAJUAY (dah-rah-why'), nat., group of 3 little water at low mark, but lanchas used islets 2 m. sw. of Catbalogan, off W. coast of along this coast in traffie of local produce Sámar. can enter stream and moor at wharves of town at high water. DARAM (dah-rahm'), ver.; channel leaving San DAPNÁN (dap-nahn'), ver.; pueblo of E. coast of Bernardino Strait, SE. between Daram I. E. Surigao, Mindanao, N. of Baganga Bay, 171 and Biliran I. W., 12 m. wide, which ends in m. SSE. of Surigao. Pop., 500. spacious estuary formed on N. shore of Leyte, and finds outlet to SE. through narrow strait DAPO (dah'-poh), nat.; point SW. coast of Sámar. of San Juanico, 20 m., averaging 1 m, wide (See Sua.) between SW. Sámar and NE. Leyte. DAPUÁ (dah-pwah'), nat.; point on E. shore of - island W. of Sámar. Binanga Bay, on SE. coast of Subic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. mountain in Sámar. DAPULISAN (dah-poo-lee' sahn), ver.: point on DARANGAN (dah-rang'-ahn), nat.; hamlet in Nside of Matúbug Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. 1 Misamis, Mindanao. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 491 P! Tagolo vim. t Talaguilong VARIATION 1'7E 039 STATIONARY AU p Botogan 18 DI MINDANAO I. SJeayan DAPITAN BAY Surveyed. under the direction of CAPTAIN CLAUDIO MONTERO, Spanish Navy 1862 Fort A. Lat. 8: 3825 N. Long 123.28' 56'E. 10 Cables Scale of Nast. miles o Conical HOU 492 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. DAUBUHAN (dah-oo-boo-hahn), ver.; mountain in S. central Bohol, 8 m. N. of Valencia, on coast. DAUIGAN (dah-we'-gahn), ver.; high, steep point with flat top, forming N. head of Sandangan Bay, on NW. coast of Dapitan, Mindanao. Anchorage in S. angle of bay between point and Taboonan. - inlet on NE. coast of Sandangan Bay, SE. of point of that name, W. coast of Dapitan, Mindanao. DAUILICAN (dah-we-lee'-cahn), nat.; river and town in SE. part of Isabela, Luzón, river emptying into Dilásae Bay, or port of Tu- mango. DAUIN (dah'-win), ver.; pueblo and point in Ne- gros Oriental, on extreme SE. coast, 9 m. S. of Dumaguete and 14 m. W. across sea channel from nearest W. shore of Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol. Within radius of 4 m. to W. and NW. are numerous hot and sulphur springs pos- sessing excellent curative properties. Vol- cano of Magaso lies 8 m. NW. of Dauin. Pop., 8,000. (Also Davin.). DAUIS (dah'-wees), ver.; pueblo on N. coast of Panglao I., 1 m. across sea channel, S. of Tag- bilaran, Bohol. Pop., 8,992. DÁUIT (dah'-wit), ver.; point on NW. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, overlooked by hill re- sembling obelisk. DAÚL (dah-ool'), ver.; river entering sea on E. coast of Mindoro, midway between Mayllague and Balate Pts. DAULI (dah-00'-lee), ver.; point on NW. shore of Dasol Bay, NE. of Caimán Pt., Zambales, Lu- zón. DARGUAN (dar-goo -ahn). ver.; hamlet on SE. shore of Panguil Bay, 67 m. SW. by W. of Cagayan de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. DARIGAYOS (dah-ree-gah'-yohs), inlet and river on China Sea, Unión, Luzón, 11 m. N. of San Fernando. - town and point on W. coast of Unión, on main road between San Fernando, Bagnotan, and Namagpacán. DARIMIBO (dah-ree-meel-beau), ver.; island E. of Sámar. DARIQUI (dah-ree'-key), ver.; river on NW. part of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, emptying into bay of that name. DARÓ (dah-raw'), ver.; hamlet in SE. part of Negros Oriental, 2 m. NW. of Dumaguete. DAROMÁOANG, or DURUMANAN (dah-roh-mah'- wahng, doo-roo-mah'-nahn), nat.; point and river emptying on its E. side, SE. shore of Panguil Bay, SW. end of Misamis port, Misa- mis, Mindanao. DARRENA (dah-rray'-nah), ver.; point in Ilocos Norte, Luzón. DÁRSENA (dar'-say-nah). Sp.: point and S. islet of Los Naranjos grp.in San Bernardino Strait, S. of Sorsogon, Luzón, toward Masbate I. DARUM (dah-room'); hamlet on W. shore of chan- nel between Sámal I. and mainland, Davao, Mindanao, 11, m. SSW. of Davao. DARUMAUAN (dah-roo-mah-wahn), nat.; river entering extreme SE. shore of Misamis port, Panguil Bay, Misamis, Mindanao. DASAAN (dah-sah'-ahn), ver.; SE. of Laparan grp., Sulu A., off 3. point of Dammá I. DASALAN (dah-sah'-lahn), nat.; low island 2 sq. m. in extent in outlying NW. chain of Basilan grp., S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 331 m. W. by N. of Isabela. DASOL (dah-saul'), ver.; bay between Caimán and Santa Cruz Pts. on W. coast of Zambales, Luzón. Town of same name situated 3 m. inland. - pueblo in Zambales, Luzón, on main high- way between gulf of Lingayen and Dasol Bay, 13 m. SSE. of Agno, 23 m. WSW. of Lin- gayén, on gulf of that name, and 46 m. N. of Iba. Coast road S. starts at this point. Pop., 2,404. DASÚ (dah-soo'), ver.; town in Cagayán, Luzón. DATÁ (dah-tah!), ver.; an extinct volcano, lat. 16° 57' N., lon. 120° 55' E., 7,364 ft. high, in Gran Cordillera Central, in SW. of Lepanto, Luzón. Composed of trachyte. - hamlet in Lepanto, Luzón, in summits of Gran Cordillera Central, near Bontoc bound- ary, 8 m. NE. of Cayán. Pop., 471. DATAGAN (dah-tah'-gahn), ver.; hamlet at head- waters of river entering sea on N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, SE. of Dapitan. Hamlet lies 23 m. S. of that town. DATDALAYAC (daht-dah-lah-yahc'), yer.; moun- tain in pueblo of Tayum, Abra, Luzón. DATINAUA (dah-tee-nah'-wah), ver.; point on W. coast of Marinduque I. DATO (dah'-toh), ver.; hamlet on S. shore of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., 5 m. W. of Gátang. DATU BATÓ (dah'-too bah-toh'), nat.; island of 1 sq. m. in NE. waters of Laparan grp., Sulu A. DATUPIO (dah-too-pee-oh'), ver.; fountain tribu- tary rising in central range and flowing NW., emptying into sea through Lagasan Riv., Ne- gros Occidental. DAUAJAN (dah-wah'-hahn), ver.; islet off w. shore of Leyte, 3 m. NNW. of Villaba. DAUAN (dah'-wahn), nat.; islet off Maluso Bay, W. shore Basilan I., S. of Zamboanga, Min- danao. DAULIG, or DANLIG (dah-oo-leeg', dahn-leeg'), ver.; town on E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Pop., Cn. 1887, 569. DAUTAN (dah-oo'-tahn), ver.; small stream 2 m. NW. of Guilhungan, Negros Occidental. DÁVAO (dah'-yow). ver.: extensive bay on S. shore of Mindanao, having its entrance be- tween Calián Pt. on W. and San Agustín C. on E., 35 m., and inland to N. 69. m. Large island of Sámal nearly fills N. part. Capital, Dávao, lies on W. shore, and opposite Sámall., 31 m. across Pakiputan Strait. Shore of en- tire gulf, from Calián to San Agustín, is in- dented with small islets and bays, upon which are many towns and hamlets, besides large agricultural population in surrounding region. From Calián Pt. coast runs almost due N. 42 m. as far as Casilaran, on NW. shore of which is Malalag port, and Mercedes on S. shore, thence NNE. 30, m. enters river Dávao or Vergara, at mouth of which stands Dávao, capital. Entire length of shore is clean and very steep near shore. Port of Malalag is stated in Spanish Derrotero to be capable of holding vessel of any size. From Hijo Riv. coast runs nearly S. by E. as far as C. San Agustín. Many anchorages in inden- tations along this shore, but much exposed to swell which sets in with S. winds. DÁVAO, or VERGARA (dah'-vow, vayr-gah'-rah); river of considerable size rising in numerous branches in dividing range in Misamis, Min- danao, between watersheds of Davao Gulf on E. and Illana Bay on W. After SE. course enters Gulf of Davao N. of Davao, capital. -- capital of district of that name and pueblo, Mindanao, on bay on head of W. arm of Dávao Gulf, formed by Sámal I. on E., at mouth of river of same name. Town was founded in 1847. Pop., 3,308. At N. point of entrance to Riv. Dávao, lat. 7° 1' 30" N., lon. 125° 35' 1", stands light-house built of iron, on stone base, with keeper's dwelling attached. Height 27 ft. above sea level, and tower from base to base 20 ft., visible 12 m. Regular steamer from Manila, Zamboanga, and Polloc calls. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 493 Breakers PHILIPPINE ISLANDS LUZON, WEST COAST DARIGAYOS INLET Scale 5600 5 esne 55 + Pin Rock 03 39 16 DARICAYOS 96 90 99 23 56 31 We RT 149 PIO O XV Nautical ou 12020 494 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. DÁVAO, MINDANAO. (Dah'-vow, meen-dah-now', nat.) Chief town: Dávao, lat. 7° 1' N., lon. 125° 4' E. Area: Mainland, 8,976 sq. m.; islands, 195 sq. m.; total, 9,171 sq. m. Population: 33,668. Race: Malay-Moros. Language: Moro, Visayan, and a number of local dialects. Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. 91 Table of distances. From Dávao to Cotabato, W. by N..... Manila, NW.. 610 Manila, via Davao Gulf, Sarangani and Basilan straits, Sulu Sea, Mindoro Strait, and China Sea ..... 995 Surigao ... 194 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The unorganized province of Dávao occupies the SE. part of Mindanao. It was formerly known as Nueva Guipúzcoa, and extends from Mayo Bay, on the Pacific Ocean, to Campán Bay, on the Célebes Sea. It is bounded on the N. by Surigao, on the E. by the Pacific Ocean, on the S. by the same and Célebes Sea, and on the NW. and w. by Cotabato and the detached part of Misamis. AREA. It is 145 m. from N. to S., and 127 m. from E. to W., between San Agustín Pt. and Campán Bay Area: Mainland, 8,976 sq. m.; 25 dependent islands, area 195 sq. m.; total area, 9,171 sq. m. (5,869,440 a.), or 7 times the size of Rhode Island, 4 times the size of Delaware, 1,000 sq. m. larger than New Jersey, and 856 sq. m. more than Massachusetts. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The range which begins on the N. coast at Diuata Pt., after forming the bound- ary between Surigao and Misamis, continues, after leaving the intersection of the N. boundary between Dávao and Surigao, to form the boundary between the former province and Misamis and Cotabato. At its intersection with Dicalungan Mt., mak- ing a W. trend, the range terminates on the Célebes Sea coast at Campán. Its high- est summit, Apo volcano, 20 m. WSW. of Davao, is 10,312 ft. high. The rest of the range has a number of summits from 2,000 to 6,000 ft. All the rivers having their rise in this range, some of them across the border in Misamis and Cotabato, flow into the bay of Dávao, Pacific Ocean, and the Célebes Sea. BAYS AND HARBORS. The coast of Dávao forming the SE. shore of Mindanao has many bays and inlets, two of them being the finest in the archipelago. The following are the bays and harbors: Balete (Valete); E. coast; a deep, sheltered inlet on the W. shore of the port of the same name on Pujada Bay. Campán; SW. coast; the boundary between Dávao and Cotabato terminates at the head of this bay. Canalasan; S. coast; an inlet on the E. shore immediately inside the entrance to Sarangani Bay. Casilaran; a fine bay in the angle of the cove on the W. side of Davao Bay after turning Calungan Pt. It is well sheltered and has a light-house. Dávao; S. coast; a great bay between Calián Pt. on the E. coast of the peninsula of Sarangani and C. San Agustín on the S. extremity of Davao Pen., 33 m. Lanigan; E. coast, 2) m. N. of San Agustín C., opposite the port of the same Malípano; S. code for small craft only. Sustin C., opposite the po being protected bt was a naval station run of that name and Sámal I Malípano; S. coast, between the island of that name and Sámal I., in the N. waters of Dávao Bay. It was a naval station under the Spanish. Its conditions are good, BAY OF PUJADA, MINDANAO. WHARF OF MATI, PORT BALETE. TOWN OF ALBERIQUE. 200290 . W0000. 0009! 0000 CHIEF ATTOS, OF THE BAGOBO TRIBE. van Gm WIFE OF CHIEF ATTOS, OF THE BAGOBOS. AN ATÁ OF DÁVAO, MINDANAO. CHIEF OF THE TAGACOLOS. TAGACOLOS. Living on the Bay of Davao. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 495 03 VERGARA Davy Arvo MINDANAO ISLAND. DAVAO GUIF MOUTH OF DAVAO RIVER AND ITS APPROACHES From Spamsh surner in 1856 hartlar aus. 12532 trato W 496 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Mayo; E. coast; the N. and E. boundary between Surigao and Dávao terminates on the E. head of this bay. It is 6 m. at the entrance and penetrates 8 m. inland to the W. A peak 1,853 ft. high marks the approach and terminates the narrow penin- sula which separates it from Pujada Bay on the S. Pasiputan; strait between Sámal I. and the mainland, forms a safe anchorage with 17 fms. off Davao capital. Pujada; W. coast; 5 m. between heads, with a high island of the same name in the entrance. It extends 12 m. inland. It has an extreme width of 7 m. Sheltered from all winds, with 20 to 55 fms., and with a head 1,853 ft. high marking the approach. A narrow peninsula divides it from Mayo Bay on the N. Sarangani; S. coast; 8 m. between heads, wider within and trending 17 m. inland. It has 18 fms. A light-house stands on the E. side of its entrance. Sigáboy; on the E. coast of Dávao Bay, in front of the town of the same name. Tumánao; on the W. side of Sarangani I., 18 fms. Yucatán; E. coast; inside Mayo Bay, 22 m. W. of Tugubum Pt. - man zu to 55 fms., and with a head 1.852 # LIGHT-HOUSES. Glan (Glan-Masilá Riv., S. side of river entrance, Canalasan Cove, lat. 5° 45% 30' N., lon. 125° 15' E.; 1 flash light; 33 ft. above the sea; tower, 5 ft. high; visible 7 m.; tripod. Dávao; N. point of entrance to Dávao Riv., lat. 7° 1' 30" N., lon. 125° 35' 1" E.; 1 flash light, red, 27 ft. above the sea; tower, iron on stone base, lead color; keeper's dwelling attached, 20 ft. high; visible 12 m. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. With the exception of the immediate vicinity of Davao, all the towns and villages are on the coast. A few have intercourse by navigable river or wagon road, but gen- erally communication is by sea. Much good work has been done on roads by the United States troops, many miles of communication having been opened from Davao both N. and S. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population represented by 30 towns is 33,668, which, however, does not include the total number within the boundaries of this former province. The domi- nant race is more distinctively Indonesian than any of the races of the archipelago. the 4 representative branches being Bagobos, Tagacaolos, Kalaganes, and Guiangas. The inhabitants are much divided into tribes, having dialects of their own. The tribes are Mandayas (principal), Sámales, many Visayans in the principal towns. The chief dialects are Bisaya, Bagobo, Guianga, Tagbana, Tagacaolo, Ata, Calagan, Manobo, Moro, Tagabili, Bilan, and Sanguil. The following is the division of Dávao into pueblos and their population: Total population combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 76 670 Dávao: Astorga.... Dávao........ Luzón. Mati......... Santa Cruz Sigáboy... Total 803 108 278 364 322 125 257 350 291 173 1, 473 233 535 714 613 1,972 1, 769 3,741 Estimated, 1901, 33,668. The principal towns are- Belen; on the l. bank of the river at the mouth of which Dávao is situated, 21 m. above that town. Bilanagan; on the W. shore of Mayo Bay, 47 m. ESE. of Dávao. Boayagan; at the mouth of a river entering on the N. shore of Sarangani Bay. Quite a number of villages lie along the E. and W. shores from this point. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 497 Calatrava; on the Pasiputan Strait, 6 m. NE. of Dávao. Caraga; on the E. peninsula in the former comandancia of Mati. Pop., 8,690. Cateel; on the E. peninsula in the former comandancia of Mati. Pop., 3,500. Dávao (Vergara); the capital, on the NW. shore of Davao Bay, opposite the island of Sámal. It is well laid out with broad streets and has a number of well- built houses. There are 15 towns within a radius of 17 m. Pop., 3,308, embracing a number of dependent villages. Glan; on Canalasan Cove, inside of Sumbán, the E. point of Sarangani Bay. A summit 1,670 ft. rises inland. Higo; on the N. shore of an inlet in the extreme N. waters of Davao Bay. Cupiat I. lies in the entrance to the inlet. Lalang; on the mainland of Pasiputan Strait, 3 m. NE. of Davao. Macar; on the W. shore of Sarangani Bay, 81 m. SSW. of Davao. Malálag; situated on one of the finest ports in the archipelago, well sheltered, Mati; on the N. shore of Balete Pt., 46 m. ESE. of Davao. Pop., 2,475. Good quarters for 50 men, pier for small boats, etc. Best harbor in Mindanao. Outcrop- ping of coal, also gold exists. Mercedes; on the Casaliran Bay, W. shore of Dávao. The towns of Vera and Santa Isabel, on the river, lie in the vicinity, 24 m. Nanay; on the E. peninsula in the former comandancia of Mati. Pop., 2,649. Peñaplata; on Sámal I., 9 m. NE., opposite Dávao. Pop., 1,848, including a number of hamlets. Pilar; on the SE. point of the SE. extreme of the E. peninsula, 58 m. SE. of Dávao. San Alfonso; E. coast, N. of San Agustín C., 58 m. SE. of Davao. Santa Cruz; situated on one of the finest ports in the archipelago, with a good depth and sheltered from all winds, 14 m. S. by W. of Davao. Pop., Cn. 1887, 714. Sigáboy; on the E. shore of Davao Bay, sheltered by the island of that name, 43 m. SE. of Dávao. A number of small towns lie along the shore of the bay N. and S. of Sigaboy. Pop., 2,217. Tabaquil; on the N. shore of Mayo Bay, 40 m. ESE. of Dávao. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The following are the islands adjacent to the Dávao coast of Mindanao: sq.m. Balut (Masila, large); the westernmost of the Sarangani Is., 6 m. N. and S. and 7 m. E. and W. It is covered with vegetation and inhabited by Sanguiles and Bilanes. Its central cone is a volcano 3,117 ft. high, from which smoke occasionally ascends .... 25 A small island 40 ft. high lies off its SW. shore..... Camazo; E. coast, 15, m. N. of San Agustín Pt ..... Cupiat; S. coast, 2 islands in the entrance to an inlet on the extreme N. shore of Davao Bay, fronting Higo..................................................................... Dumalag: S. coast fronting Matina in the S. entrance to Pasiputan Strait ............................ ............. ..... Olaniyan; N. of Sarangani I., or Little Balut, 60 ft. high......... Pandasan; a small island near the coast of Sámal I., Dávao Bay....... Pujada; E. coast in the entrance to the bay of that name, 200 ft. high, 3 small islets lie off the SE. shore. Opposite to the mainland rises a summit 787 ft. high ...... Sámal; S. coast, 820 ft. high, in the N. waters of Davao Bay, 17 m. N. and S., 13 m. E. and w. It is thickly populated, having 7 villages. The soil is fertile and produces excellent chocolate, which is cultivated. This island forms the E. shore of Pasiputan Strait, and also shelters the harbor of Davao .... ........ 140 Santa Cruz; S. coast, 2 islands off the NE. shore of Sámal I., in the channel between that and the mainland .... Sarangani; the easternmost of the islands of that name, 820 ft. high, off the extreme S. point of Mindanao, 8 m. N. and S. and 3 m. E. and W., sometimes known as Balut-Parido (or Little). Tumanao and Patucu villages are on its N. shore ..... Sarangani; 2 islands and an islet 7 m. off the extreme S. point of Mindanao, and form the S. shore of the strait of that name; the channel between the islands, 3 m. wide has 12 fms. The natives call the larger island Balut-Masila and the smaller Balut-Parido; the former is high and covered with vegetation and inhabited by a number of Sanguiles and Bilanes. Sigáboy; S. coast. E. side of Davao Bay, S. of the port of that name....... Talicud (Guisoc): S. coast off the SW. shore of Sámal I., 6 m. long and 1 m, wide; 2 small islands lie in the N. entrance to the channel between it and Malipano. It is low and covered with forests and uninhabited on account of the absence of fresh water; excellent tobacco is grown upon the island.... Tres Árboles; S. shore at the head of Davao Bay, near mouth of the river Higo .. 25 dependent islands, total area .... ..... 195 16 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. Hemp, coffee, sugar cane, tobacco, rice, indigo, corn, and sweet potatoes are staples. The cinnamon tree, cloves, and nutmegs, the betel nut and betel pepper, the chew- ing gum of the East, grow spontaneously. S. Doc. 280- 32 498 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MINERALS. Indications of important deposits of coal are reported in the vicinity of Mati. This town, at the head of Port Balete, on Pujada Bay, one of the best sheltered and accessible on the coast, affords tide-water facilities. Gold, copper, and platinum are also reported. The precious metal at Coraja and along the E. coast is supposed to be abundant, as the natives are said to have had many gold ornaments made of native gold. FORESTS. The mountains are covered with valuable forests of teak, iron wood (manconi), ípil, sibucao, ebony, juniper, bamboo (boga), and rattan. The proximity of the shore of Dávao Bay affords advantages for shipment. FRUITS. The pineapples, mango, and bananas of Dávao are celebrated on account of their quality. INDUSTRIES. The mechanical industries are limited to home demand. Large numbers of cattle, horses, carabaos and hogs, are raised. The grazing being excellent on the island of Sámal a fine quality of chocolate is manufactured. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The occupation of Mindanao, within the boundary of this former Spanish province, took place on December 20, 1899, at Dávao, the capital, at which point a garrison has been maintained. On February 15, 1902, the following were ihe military stations in Davao: Dávao. Macar. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The provisions of the provincial government act” have not been extended to this province. DAVERSTOCK, for.; point on W. side of Dalrym- | DAYHANGON (die-hang'-ohn), ver.; hamlet on ple Harbor, N. coast Sulu I., Sulu A. SW. coast of Bohol, 2 m. S. of Paminuitan. DAVIE (dah'-vee-ay), ver.; hill 2 m. S. of Nose DÁYOG (dah'-yog), ver.; hamlet in W. Sámar, 10 Pt., SE. coast of S. Palawan, On N. side of m. NNE. of Catbalogan. cove is S. extremity of coast range. DAYO (dah'-yoh), Tag.; mountain in W. Rizal, DAVIL DAVIL (dah-vill' dah-vill'), nat.: island of Luzon. Balanguingui grp., Sulu A., W. of Balan DAYOS (dah'-yohs), ver.; peak in Caraballos Occi- guingui I. dentales, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. DÁVILA (dah'-vee-lah), Sp.: hamlet in W. Leyte, DEAGAN (day-ah'-gahn), ver.; island off entrance near W. shore of Bao Riv., 3 m. NW. of Ormóc. to Naro Bay, E. coast of Masbate I., with Vigía DAY (die), ver.; hamlet 41 m. W. of Borongan, in Pt. forms S. channel between Ticao and Mas- E. Sámar. bate Is., Visayas. DAYAGÓN (dah-yah-gohn'). ver.; hamlet in Con- | DEANS, for.: wooded limestone head overlook- cepción, Iloilo, Panay, 1 m. S. of Carlés. ing Tagnipa inlet, Ulugan Bay, SW. Paragua, - hamlet on SE. shore of deep bight on NE. - Palawan. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. SW. of Carlés, Con- | DECALATÁN (day-cah-lah-tahn').ver.; ( ne of islet cepción, and 8 m. NE. of Pilar, Cápiz. group in Coron Passage between Busuanga - prominent point on E. coast of Mindoro, 58 and Calamián Is., Calamianes grp., NE. of m. SSE. of Calapan and 3 m. S. by E. of Bonga- Paragua, Palawan. bón. DECEPCIÓN (day-thayp-thee-ohn'), Sp.; point on - hamlet in extreme NE. Negros Occidental, extreme SE. coast of Palawan, 21 m. NE. is 4 m. E. of Arguelles. Madripore (Madrépora) Pt. DECTÓN (deck-tohn'), ver.; river on extreme DAYAJAN (dah-yah'-hahn), ver.; hamlet on Inu- SW. coast of Antique, Panay, emptying into nukan Bay, W. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. sea 3 m. N. of Anini-y. DAYANA (dah-yah'-nah), ver.: island on S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, WNW. lie point | DEEP, for.; bay on E. coast of S. Palawan, imme- and village of Silupa. diately N. of Puerto Princesa. (See Honda Bay.) DATAP (dah'-ya hp) (means lemon), nat.: point on DEEP BAY, for.; low wooded point, 47 m. SW. of Laguna de Bay, in Laguna, Luzon, in pueblo of Bay. Steep Pt., S. Palawan, and of valley formed on N. by spur of Victoria Peak. W. coast of - point forming SE. head of Polo Bay, on Palawan here trends NE. 18 m. to Long Pt. NE. coast of Mindoro. - inlet in N. Mindoro. DELAPON (day-lah'-pon), nat.; garrisoned town DAYAPAN (dah-yah'-pahn), nat.; river in Batan- in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. gas, Luzón, rising in Macolod or Macólot Mt. | DELGADA (dayl-gah'-dah), Sp.: point on E. coast empties into Calumpán Riv. of Príncipe, Luzón, in center of bay of Baler, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 499 DELIÁN (day-lee-ahn'). ver.; islet 450 ft. high, DIANGAPPIK (dee-ahn-gap'-pick), ver.; point at 3 m. NE. of Calis Pt., S. end of Peñón de Corón N. limit of Sulu roadstead, Sulu I., Sulu A, I. of Calamianes grp. Shores are steep to and DIANGLIT (deeahn-gleet'). nat.: islet off sw.shore clean. of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp. DEL MEDIO (dayl may-dee-oh), Sp.; middle | DIANIGAYOS (dee-ah-nee-gah'-yos), ver.; point island of Los Naranjos grp., off S. coast of Sor- on China Sea coast of Ilocos Sur, Luzon, 26 sogón, Luzón. m. S. of Candón Pt. Low and covered with DELONG (day-long'), ver.; mineral spring in Le trees. panto, Luzón. DIAO (dee-ah'-aw): bay on coast of Ilocos Sur, Lu- DENOWAN (day-noh'-wahn), ver.; point on SW. zón, lat. 17° 30' N. coast of Mindanao, lat. 6° 55' N. DIAPILA (dee-ah-pee'-lah), ver.; island off ex- - island off SW. coast of Mindanao, opposite treme NW. point of Paragua, Palawan. point of same name. DIBANCA (dee-bahn'-cah), ver.; island 2 by #m. DEOTO-BATA (day-oh'-toh-bah-tah), ver.; island in bight on E. coast of Calamián I., S. of Cu- E. of Laparan I., Laparan grp., Sulu A. lión, Calamianes grp., off NE. coast of Para- DÉQUEZ, or GOAT (day'-kayth); small and rather gua, Palawan. low island, 1 sq.m. in area, about im. W. of DIBATALO (dee-bah-tah-law), ver.; islet off SE. NW. point of Ibugos I., Batanes grp., off N. coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., SW. of coast of Cagayán, Luzón. Mindoro. (See Dibitac.) DESEADA (day-say-ah'-dah), Sp.; point on E. DIBAYABAY (dee-bah-yah-by'), nat.; point and coast of Luzon. river in Príncipe, Luzón. DESOLACIÓN (dah-soh-lah-thee-ohn'), Sp.; ex DIBINISA (dee-bee-neel-sah), ver.; point in Isa- treme N. point of land on Dinagat I. across bela, Luzón. sea channel, 18 m. SW. of Homonhón I. and DIBINUBO (dee-bee-noo'-beau), nat.; island off 34 m. SW. of Sámar. E. coast of Sámar, 6 m. SE. of Borongan. - point at N. extreme of Dinagat I., off N. DIBITAC, or DIBATALO (dee-bee-tack', dee-bah- coast of Surigao, Mindanao, and head to nav- tah'-law), ver.; islet 300 ft. high, ofy SE. coast igators entering Surigao Strait from N., 36 m. of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., SW. of Min- S. of Sungai Pt., extreme SE. point of Samar, doro. with Malhón I. lying in midchannel. DIBOAYAN (dee-boh-ah'-yahn), ver.; islet in NW. DESPUJOL (days-poo-hall'), Sp.; pueblo on Ta entrance to Busuanga-Calamian channel, blas I., Romblon, Visayas. Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. DESTACADA (dess-tah-cah'-dah), Sp.; island E. DIBOYOYAN (dee-boh-yoh'-yahn), ver.; islet 84 of Masbate, Visayas. m. ESE. of Caláuit Pt., Busuanga I., Cala- DESTACADO (dess-tah-cah'-doh), Sp.: 2 boat-look mianes grp., W. of S. point of Mindoro. ing rocks W. by S. of opening between Guntao DIBUGHÁ (de-boog-hah'), nat.; island on NW. Is, and mainland, NW. Paragua, Palawan. shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Luzón, NE. DEVIL'S CAP, for.; peak, part of same ridge with of inlet NE. of Saclayan Pt. Sultán Peak SE., terminating long table spur DIBULÚAN (dee-boo-loo'-ahn), ver.; island SW. overlooking Island Bay, SE. Palawan. of Lagen, entering Báquit Bay, NW. coast of DEVIL'S CUP, for.; peak 720 ft. high N. of Deep Paragua, Palawan. Bay Pt ,w.coast of S. Palawan, near Paragua DIBUT (dee-boot'), ver.; bay in Príncipe, Luzón. boundary. (See Dingalan.) DIABLO (dee-ah'-bloh), Sp.; islet off N. coast of DICADAITO (dee-cah-dah-ee'-toh), nat.; off ex- Masbate I., Visayas. treme S. point of Calamián I., Calamianes - point in Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. grp.,NE. of Paragua, Palawan. peak in Caraballos Occidentales, on bound-|DICALAYO (dee-cah-lah'-yoh), Tag.; mountain ary between Abra and Ilocos Sur, Luzón. in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, lat. 16° 50' N. DIABLO,PASO DEL (pah'-soh dayl dee-ah'-bloh), DICALUNGAN (dee-cah-loong'-ahn), ver.; central Sp.; channel between S. end of W. peninsula part of range of mountains in S. Dávao, Min- and Talim I., in Laguna de Bay, off S. coast danao, beginning N. of Apo volcano, near of Rizal, Luzón. Davao Gulf on E., takes concave trend to SW., DIACACAN (dee-ah-cah'-cahn), ver.; hamlet on thence W. as Decalungan Mts., thence NW. to Mt. Cabalata at s. mouth of Grande Riv. of - W. coast of Antique, Panay, 4 m. N. of Sebaste. Mindanao, 155 m., forms divide of drainage of DIADI (dee-ah'-dee), ver.; hamlet in SW. corner S. Mindanao into Davao Gulf and Celebes Sea of Abra, Luzón, 20 m. S. of Bangued. on E. and S. and sw., and into valley of Bu- - pueblo near N. boundary of Nueva Viz lúan and Liguasan lakes and lower part of caya with Isabela, Luzon, on main highway, Grande Riv. of Mindanao into Illana Bay. 18 m. NE. of Bayombong. Pop., 109. Apo volcano is 10,312 ft. Entire range is - mountain tributary of one of branches of marked by lofty elevations at close intervals Grande de Cagayán Riv., in Isabela, Luzón. DICAPÉN (dee-cah-pen'), ver.; river in Luzon. DIAFILA (dee-ah-feel-lah), ver.; island on N. side DICAPILARIN (dee-cah-pee-lah'-rin), ver.; point of Base Bay, N. of Pasco inlet, 1 m. off extreme in coast of Príncipe, Luzón. NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. DICAPINISAN (dee-cah-pee-nee'-sahn),nat.; point DIAGO (dee-ah'-goh), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Lu forming with Dibayabay entrance to bay of zón, near r. bank of Abra Riv., 3 m.W. of Ban Diotoring, on E. coast of Nueva Ecija, Luzón, gued. lat. 15° 30' 30" N. DIALAO (dee-ah-lah'-aw), ver.; point E. of May- DICAPULULAN (dee-cah-poo-loo'-lahn), ver.; is- raira Pt., Ilocos Norte, Luzon. With Negra Pt. 1 land in chain between Busuanga grp, and 9 m. SW. marks deep bay. Port of Bangui is Linapacan I., NE. of latter island, off NE. on its shore. coast of Paragua, Palawan. DIALIUANAN (deeah-lee-wah'-nahn), nat.; point DICAYO (dee-cah'-yoh). nat.: river in Misamis. on E. coast of Nueva Ecija, Luzon, lat. 17° 45' Mindanao, emptying into sea on N. side, lat. 8° 32' N. DIAN (dee-ahn'), ver.; river in NE. Tayabas, Lu - hamlet in pueblo of Lubungan, Lanao, zón, emptying into Lamón Bay at Felisa Pt. Mindanao. DIANA (dee-ah'-nah), Sp.; hamlet on E. coast of DICEN (dee'-thayn); inland hamlet 11 m. N. of Cebú, 1 m. SW. of Cárcar. Lubungan, Cotabato, Mindanao. 500 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. DIMALANSAN (dee-mah-lahn-sahn'), ver.; port in Isabela, Luzon, at S. head of deep bight on NW. coast, 17 m. SE. of boundary with Caga- yán on N.; Estagno and Gay Is. lie on en- trance. (Also Dimasalansan.) DIMALÁSAG (dee-mah-lah'-sag); ver.; hamlet on DICHILEM, or NORTHWEST (dee-chee'-laym), ver.; large black rock 14 m. NW. of Sail Rock, 1 m. NW. of Dimipac I., and 7 m. NW. by N. of Caláuit Pt., Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. DICAPÚLAO (dee-cah-poo'-lah-aw), ver.; town on shore of Baler Bay, coast of Príncipe, Luzón, 7 m. NE. of Baler. DIDICA (dee-dee'-cah), nat.; cluster of 4 sharp- pointed rocks, known as Northern Pillars, 81 m. NE. of Dinapac Rocks, much higher than latter and when seen at considerable dis- tance appear like ships under sail; are 21 m. in extent NE. and SW. with area of sq. m.; among them many rocks of various sizes tion. Ocean current runs strongly to N. in SW. monsoon, and as there are no soundings near their approach by vessels is dangerous in light winds. With small low islands they form group of some 200 ft. high and 1 m. in cir- cumference. On its N. coast is active volcano, lat. 19° 2' N., lon. 122° 9' E., height 700 ft. Between these and Dinapac Rocks SW., U. S. S. Charleston went to pieces. (See Dinapac.) DIENTE (dee-ayn'-tay), Sp.; point at NW. ex- tremity of Capoas Pen., 6 m. N. of Capoas C., and w. limit of principal channel to Malampaya Sound, W. Paragua, Palawan. DIFÚN (dee-foon'), ver.; mountain range cross- ing boundary between Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. Grande de Cagayán Riv. flows at its base. - mountain hamlet in SW. Isabela, Luzón. DIGNAYAN (dig-nah'-yahn), ver.; mountain in E. part of Ilocos Sur, Luzón. DIGO (dee'-gaw), ver.; hamlet near Tagabulin Pt. on W. shore of Davao Gulf, in Dávao, Mindanao, 18 m. S. by W. of Dávao. boundary into Cotabato, Mindanao. DIMALGLOT (dee-mahl-glot'), ver.; islet off S. shore of Usón I., S. coast of Busuanga I., Ca- lamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. DIMALOOC (dee-mah-loh-ohk'), nat.; bay and creek w. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao, 6 m. SW. of Misamis. DIMAMPÁU, or DANSALAN (dee-mahm-pow', dahn-sah'-lahn), nat.; village on NW. shore of Liguasan Lagoon. (See Dansalan.) DIMANCAL (dee-mahn-cahl'), ver.; islet of Lina- pacan chain, 9m. NE. of Lina pacan, NE. of Paragua, Palawan. DIMANGLET (dee-mahn-glayt'), ver.; islet 3 m. NNW. of extreme NW. point of Linapacan I. of that chain, NE. of Paragua, Palawan. - islet 250 ft. high off Usón I., off S. shore of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., off SW. coast of Mindoro. DIMAQUIAT (dee-mah-kee-at'); islet 8; m. SE. by grp., W. by S. of Mindoro. DIMASANCAY (dee-mah-sahn-ki'), ver.; hamlet Cotabato, Mindanao, 22 m. E. of Cotabato. on E. coast of Nueva Ecija, Luzón, lat. 16° 47' S0" N. DIMIAO (dee-mee-ah'-aw), ver.; pueblo on NE. shore of Badbalao Bay, S. coast of Bohol, 21 m. W. of Tagbilaran. Pop., 8,014. DIMIPAC, or HIGH ISLAND (dee-mee-pahck'), ver.; N. island of Calamianes grp., 2 m. NE. to SW., 21 m. off extreme N. coast of Bu- suanga I., SW. of Mindoro. 1m. NW. are rocks above water, one of which named Sail Rock, Isabela, Luzón, rising in E. slopes of Sierra Madre and emptying into Pacific Ocean. DIGOS (deel-gaws), ver.; hamlet on W. shore of Dávao Gulf, Davao, Mindanao, 23. m. S. of Dávao. DIGOSAN (dee-gaw'-sahn), ver.; river in Min- danao. DIGPI (deeg-pee'). ver.; hamlet on E. point of Tulu Bay, S. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A., 20 m. SE. of Sulu. DIGUIG (dee-geeg'), Tag.; hamlet in pueblo of Carranglán, Nueva Ecija, Luzón. DÍJAO (deel-how); nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Goa, Ambos Camarines, Luzón. DIKALABÚAN (dee-cah-lah-boo'-ahn), nat.; point on Upper Grande Riv. of Mindanao, below mouth of Tampán Creek, Lanao, Mindanao. DIKALI (dee-kah'-lee), ver.; summit in Dica- lungan Mt. in Cotabato, near line of bound- ary with Dávao, Mindanao. DILA (dee'-lah) (means tongue), nat.; river in Mindanao. DILÁIN (dee-lah'-in), Tag., mineral spring in Norzagaray, Bulacán, Luzón. DILAO, SAN FERNANDO DE (sahn fayr-nahn'-doh day dee-lah'-00), Hisp.; district of city of Manila. DILÁSAC (dee-lah'-sa hck), ver.; bay on coast of Principe, Luzón. Charted Yumango by Spanish. DILASO (dee-lah'-saw), ver.; peak in Caraballos Occidentales, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. DILE (dee'-lay), ver.; point off coast of Ilocos Sur. Luzón, most prominent point on coast, sheltering Vigan roads. DILÍAX (dee-lee' ahn), nat.: one of numerous is- lets of Calamianes grp., NE of Paragua, Palawan, DILULAP (dee-looʻlap). ver., river of SE. Isabela, Luzón tributary to Desabungan Riv., which drains into Grande de Cagayán Riv. large black rock named Northwest Rock, or Dichilem. DIMPAO (dim-pah'-aw), ver.; point in S. Minda- nao. DINÁCSAAN (dee-nack-sah'-ahn), nat.: point N. shore, SW. arm of Barrera port, NE. coast of Masbate. DINAGÁN (dee-nah-gahn'), nat.; mountain in W. central Sámar forming one of spurs NW. of center range, trending from NE. to SW., abut- ting on coast at Santa Margarita. Caibago peak rises to N. DINÁGAT (dee-nah'-gat), nat.; pueblo on SW. shore of island of same name, 15 m. across Gipdo Passage, NE. of Surigao, on N. extreme of Surigao, Mindanao; chief industry of town and surrounding regions extraction of gold from mine in terminal spur of E. coast range of island in that vicinity. Pop., 1,200. (Also Dinagad.) -island 43 m. N. and S. and 14 m. E. and W.. with average width of 6 m. and area of 258 sq. m., lying N. of extreme N. point of Suri- gao, Mindanao, across intervening channel, 41 m. Chain of mountains traverses island along E. coast, beginning inland from Deso- lación Pt., on extreme N., at Peak Redondo reaching height of 3,337 ft. Another eleva- tion about center of range, 1,726 it., inland from Port Malinao; another, 2.395 It., inland from Cascada Pt.; another proceedig S., of 2,074 ft., inland from Peñascales Pt., and an- Port Gabo. Coasts are bold and steep-to, with numerous small harbors. On W. side of S. point are 2 islands almost forming part of main island, being separated by very narrow channel. Conical mountain 1.060 ft higb rises in southernmost of these 2 islands Town of Nonok is at S. end of this island, and 2, m. S. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 501 WESTERN BIGHT OF DILASAK BAY From a survey in June, 1900, by the officers of the U.S.S. Quiros A., Lat.16*23'(00“N. Long.122°10'30") E Coralreep lawash aal.nl zm G999 g 1616 G m dries, m at L.W4 . dries atl.w Nautical Miles 0 502 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. DINÁGAT-Continued. of this point lies flat island, which forms N. side of E. passage of Surigao Strait. On N. lies passage 39 m. wide from Pacific Ocean leading to San Pedro and San Pablo Bay on NW. and Surigao Strait to SW. On E. is Pacific Ocean, with Siargao I. and intervening islets 21 m. E. of S. extreme. On S. are Gipdo and S. passage of Surigao Strait, on W. by sea channel between Dinagat and Tañón I. and S. extreme of Leyte, 17 m. wide. - point on SW. coast of Dinagat I., N. of Su- rigao, Mindanao, approaching from Surigao Strait. DINAK (dee-nack'), nat.: island in lower reach of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao. DINALUPIJAN (dee-nah-loo-pee'-hahn), Tag., pueblo and post-office on N. borders of Bataan; Luzón, 13 m. N. of Balanga. Pop., 733. DINANO (dee-nah'-noh), ver.; fountain tributary rising in S. slopes of volcano of Bulusan, in Sorsogon, Luzón, and forming river taking N. course, finding its outlet in Port Sorsogon, near Jubán. DINAPAC, or GUINAPAK (dee-nah-pack', gee- nah-pack'), ver.; 2 tower-like rocks, 1 larger . than other, with some smaller rocks contigu- ous, 104 m. E. by S. from N. point of Camiguin I., Babuyanes grp., off N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. Between them and nearest part of Camiguín I. is channel 7 m. wide. September 27, 1899, U.S. S. Charleston sailed from Cavite on cruise and running survey to N. of Luzón; November 2 struck rock 23 m. N. of Dinapac Rock and became total wreck. DINAPASO (dee-nah-pah'-soh), nat.; river in Sor- sogón, Luzón, affluent of Jubán. DINAPIQUÍ (dee-nah-pee-key'), ver.; point in Isabela, Luzón. DINARAN (dee-nah-rahn), ver.; saddle-shaped island, 2 sq. m., with 2 summits, each 580 ft. above sea, off E. coast of Busuanga I., Cala- mianes grp., W. by S. of Mindoro. DINAS (dee'-nahs), nat.; village on stream emp- tying on W. shore of Illana Bay, opposite Puan I., Cotabato, Mindanao. - port and hamlet on W. shore of Matúbug Bay, S. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, 67 m. WNW. of Cotabato. Port is formed by open- ing in reef which borders S. of Pt. Pisan. DINATADMÔ (dee-nah-tad-moh'), ver.; point in Isabela, Luzón. DINCULAN (din.coo'-lahn), nat.; point on S. shore of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., W. by S. of Mindoro. DINDAY (din-die'), ver.; hamlet in S. Negros Oriental, 2 m. S. of Amblán, on coast at en- trance to Tañón Strait. DINGALAN, or DIBUT (ding-ah-lahn, dee-boot'), Tag.; bay at end of boundary between Prin- cipe and Infanta, Luzón. Round point pro- jects from bottom of bay with 10 islets off it. DINGLE (din'-glay). ver.: pueblo on r. bank of Jalaur Riv., in E. Iloilo, Panay, 18 m. N. of Iloilo. Pop., 11,000. DINGRÁS (din-grass'), ver.; pueblo on 1. bank of Grande de Laoag Riv., 10 m. overland from Laoag, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. Pop., 12,600. DINIANAN (dee-nee-ah'-nahn), ver.; lead moun- tain league N. by E. of Mambulao, N. coast of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. DINID (dee'-need), ver.: point at extreme S. end of Panaon I., of SE. coast of Leyte, and head- land of entrance to Surigao Strait. DINIGMÁN (dee-nig-mahn'), ver.; most S. of 3 rivers in extreme N. of Infanta, Luzón, rising in Cordillera or E. coast range, and emptying into Pacific Ocean. DINO (dee'-noh), nat., islet off NE. coast of Leyte, lat. 11° 13' N. DINOGÓ (dee-noh-gaw'), nat.; crater in E. Cápiz, Panay, at one of s. head water tributaries of Maindang Riv., 13 m. S. of Mayón. DIODIÓ (dee-oh-dee-oh'), ver.; mountain in NE. Leyte. DIOGO, or REDONTA (dee-oh'-gaw (means high), ray-dohn'-dah), ver.; island of Batanes grp., rising 848 ft. high and lying 4 m. E. of Ibayat, with distinct appearance of shoal water be- tween several small islets off its E. side, the outermost being short , m. distance. DIOTORING (dee-oh-toh-ring'), ver.; bay on E. coast of Nueva Ecija, Luzón, its entrance between Diba yabay and Dicapinisan Pts. - island in bay of same name off coast of Nueva Ecija, Luzón. - point on bay of same name, Nueva Ecija, Luzón. DIPALIAN (dee-pah-lee'-ahn), ver.; islet about sq. m. area, off extreme SE. coast of Cala- mián I., Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. DIPÓLOG (dee-poh'-log), ver.; pueblo on NW. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. 6. m. SW. of Dapitan. Pop., 4,611. (See Blanca Pt.) - river in NW. Mindanao. DIPUL (dee-pool'), ver.; 2 islets 1 m. NE. of Bulán, E. and larger 249 ft. high, in Balanguingui grp., Sulu A. DIPULÁ (dee-poo-lah'), nat.; tributary of Kakal- mund outlet of Liguasan Lagoon into Grande Riv. of Mindanao. DIPÚLAO (dee-poo'-lah-oo), ver.; port in N. water of Port Usón, off S. coast of Busuanga I., Ca- lamianes grp., W. by S. of Mindoro. Báquit I. stretches along its S. front. - hamlet on E. bank of Bacbac Riv., entering E. side of port of same name, S. Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., W. by S. of Mindoro. DIPULISAN (dee-poo-lee'-sahn), nat.; point on SW. shore of Pagarían Bay, NW. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. Observation spot for this anchorage, in 56 to 65 fms., is lat. 7° 43' 38" N., lon. 123° 25' 45" E. DIPULUT (dee-poo-loot'), ver.; island of Balan- guingui grp., Sulu A. DIRIQUE (dee-ree'-kay), ver.; stream in Ilocos Norte, Luzón, entering bay of same name 3 m. S. of C. Bojeador. -- port and bay on extreme NW. coast of Ilo- cos Norte, Luzon. - town on r. bank at mouth of small stream, and on shore of bay of same name, 17 m. N. of Loog and 3 m. S. of C. Bojeador. DISABUNGAN (dee-sah-boong'-ahn), ver.; river rising in Gran Cordillera Oriental, in Isa- bela, Luzon, and empties through other streams into Grande de Cagayan Riy. DISACAN (dee-sah'-cahn), ver.; town at mouth of small river entering sea on NW. coast of Mi- samis, Mindanao, 28 m. WSW. of Dapitan. DISASTER, for.; cape at extreme N. point of Ramos I., N. part of Balabac I., from which separated by very narrow channel, and 17 m. SW. of Buliluyan C., extreme SW. point of Palawan. DISCAPULUM (dis-cah-pool-loom), ver.; islet, most N. of Linapacan chain, 3 m. SW. of Du- cabaita, southernmost of Calamianes grp., 12 m. NE. by N. of Linapacan, off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. DISIASI (dee-see-ah'-see), ver.; extreme SE. point of Batán I., Batanes grp., off N. coast of Ca- gayán, Luzón, N. headland of entrance to channel between Batán I. on N. and Sabtán I. on S. DISUMANGIT (dee-soo-mang-it'), ver.; point and island off coast of Isabela, Luzón. DIT (deet), ver.; island 860 ft. high, of Cuyos Is., Mindoro Sea, 27 m. NW. to sw., 24 m. N. of Agutaya. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 503 BE PORT OF DIMALANSAN From a Spanish Government Survey 1859. Estagno Il Lome 1224.30m apprar? Cabloste Gay I. 50 7 34 213 Estagno I. 2 40 MUS 504 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. DITORLÁN (dee-taw-ree-ahn'). ver.: island of DOLORES-Continued. Batanes grp., off N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. m. above its mouth. River runs through (Also Ditorean.) mountains with sharp turns and high and DITULAY (dee-too-lie'), nat.: river in Isabela rocky banks. Current swift, trees in many Luzon, tributary to Grande de Cagayán Riv. places overhanging stream 50 ft. DIUALAN (dee-wah-lahn), ver.; low point coy- DOLORES, or PARIC (doh-loh'-rays, pah-reek'); ered by mangroves on W. shore of Iligan Bay, town at mouth of Ulut (Carolina) Riv., E. Misamis, Mindanao, midway between Misa- Sámar. mis and Polo Pts. DOLORES, or TERMAS (doh-loh'-rays, tayr'. DIUATA (dee-wah'-tah), nat., low, sandy point mahs), Sp.; hamlet in SW. Leyte, 9 m. NW.of and W. headland to Butuan Bay, NW. shore Albuera. of Surigao, Mindanao; also marks N. terminus DOMALOANG (doh-mah-law-ang'), ver.; hamlet of line of boundary between Surigao on E. E. of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., in S. central and Misamis on W. Sámar. volcanic peak forming part of E. range of DOMÉ (doh-may'), ver.; island off Maytiaguid I., Mindanao, between towns of Lianga and E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. (See Pinachiu- Hinatuan. yan.) - one of series of summits rising out of lateral | DOMONDÓN (doh-mon-dohn'), Tag.; stream in range of mountains beginning at Cáuit Pt., SW. Tayabas, Luzón. taking trend S. by W., and joining hills which DON (dawn), ver.; chain of 3 islets, largest 2 m. parallel E. shore of Agusan Riv. in Surigao, from E. to W., extending SW. from Banhayan Mindanao. I. to Panagsagon, extreme NE. point of Negros DIUR (dee-oor'). ver.: point on W. shore of NW. Occidental, 12 m. distant. peninsula of Cagayán, Luzón. DOÑA ANA (doh'-nyah ah-nah), Sp.; island inside DIUYU (dee-ew'-you), nat.: river entering on SE. Cidamid Pt., W. shore Putiao Port, SW. coast shore of Murciélagos Bay, N. coast of Misa of Sorsogón, Luzón. mis, Mindanao. DONÁUANG (doh-nah'-wang), ver.; island off Ba- DIVAIT (dee-vah-it'), nat.; point on NW. coast of sia uang Pt.,on W.coast of Cotabato, Mindanao. Misamis, Mindanao, lat. 8° 30' N. DONGAL (dong-ahl'), ver.; point on SE. coast of DIVALÁIS (dee-vah-lah'-is), ver.; point in N. Albay, Luzon. Mindanao. DONGAL MOUNT; point NE. by E. of San Antonio DIVATA (dee-vah-tah), nat.; point on NE. coast (Rocky) Bay, SE. coast of Palawan. of Surigao, Mindanao, lat. 9° 6' 30" N. DONGAN (dohng'-ahn), nat.; river of Sámar emp- DIVILACAN (dee-vee-lah'-cahn), ver.; bay on E. tying into sea on E. coast. coast of Isabela, Luzón. DONGDONG (dong-dong'), ver.; low, flat island in DIVINISA (dee-vee-nee'-sah), nat.: point on coast channel between Pala (Pata) I. and S. shore of Isabela, Luzón, lat. 16° 57' 30' N. of Sulu I., Sulu A. DIVOT (dee-voht'), nat.: point on NE. coast of DONGEÓN (dawn-hay-awn'), ver.; mountain in Misamis, Mindanao, lat. 8° 20' N. N. Pangasinan, Luzón. DIXON, for.; point, W. entrance (White Passage) DONGÓN (dohng-awn'), ver.; town on NW. shore to Dalrymple Harbor, NE. coast of Sulu I.. of narrow bay of same name heading NE. Sulu A. Bual or Boal, N. shore of Sulu I., lies from Palompon Pt., China Sea coast of Min- immediately E. of this point. doro, 57 m. SSW. of Calapán River of same DOANG LANSOD (daw-ahng lahn-sod'), ver.; ham name empties into sea 344 m. E. of point. let on SW. coast of Negros Oriental, 5 m. N. of bay on W. coast of Mindoro, 7 m. SSE. of Bayauan. Sablayan Anchorage and 8 m. NW. of Iriron DOBJÁN (dob-hahn'), ver.; mountain near Para- Bay, and E. of point of that name. Vessels cale, in Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón, can anchor protected from N. winds. containing deposits of gold worked by natives. - point on W. coast of Mindoro at entrance DOBLE PICO (doh-blay peel-coh), Sp.; mountain to bay of that name. in W. Cagayán, Luzón. - point on E. coast of Sorsogon. - mountain in NE. Mindanao. - hamlet in SW. Sámar, on E. shore of San DOCCÁN (dock-cahn'), ver.; island of Laparan Juanico Strait near its E. outlet, 3 m. W. of grp., of Sulu A., off SW. shore of Laparan, Basey. from which it is separated by channel 4 m. DONSOL (dohn-saul'), ver.; river formed by sev- wide. In center is large lagoon with several eral tributaries in central Albay, Luzón, and islets in it. emptying into sea on its SW. coast. Bar of DOCUG (doh-coog'), nat.; point on coast of Zam- river has 3 ft. at low water and 5 to 11 ft. in- bales, Luzón, lat. 16° 22' 30" N. side for1 m. DOHINOB (doh-hee-nob'), ver.; town on shore of - pueblo on NW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzon, large bight on NW. coast of Misamis, Min- on r. bank of Donsol Riv. near its mouth, 18 m. danao, 18 m. WSW. of Dapitan. (See Blanca SW. by W. of Albay. Carries on lively trade Pt.) in abacá (Manila hemp), palm mats, and DOLORES (doh-loh'-rays), Sp.; pueblo of Abra, cocoanut oil with Manila. Steamers call fort- Luzón, 64 m. NE. of Bangued, connected by nightly. Pop. 5,500. road. Pop., 2,970. DOOG (doh-og'), ver.; point on SW. coast of Ne- - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 10 m. NW. of gros Occidental, 28 m. SE. of Inayauan. Bacolor. DOROGAN (doh-roh'-gahn); hamlet in pueblo of - hamlet in central Pampanga, Luzón, 4 m. Donsol, Sorsogon, Luzón. N. of Bacolor. DORONGAN (doh-rong'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in Al- - pueblo in NW. Tayabas, Luzón, near La- bay, Luzón, near r. bank of Bolinog Riv., 11 guna boundary, connected with San Pablo m. S. of Albay. 5 m. NW. by road, and 14 m. W. of Tayabas. Pop., 2,571. DOS AMIGOS (dohs ah-meel-gohs), Sp.; port 6 m. - hamlet in central Cápiz, Panay, 31 m. WSW. E. of Bakun Pt. Entrance is between Ta- of Dumarao. kanhi and Lamnuyan Pts., m. en N. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. - river entering sea on E. coast of Sámar, 6 m. S. of Orás. Boats drawing 7 ft. may enter DOS CUERNOS (dohs coo-ayr'-nohs), Sp.; peak in good weather. Inside water deepens to 5 (1,204 meters) in Sierra Madre, SE. Cagayán, fms. Stream is navigable for 7 ft. draft for 32 Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 505 Ruins water Coral reef dries at L.W er loia boat Coratreef dries atz.W 18 p Rocks PORT DIRIQUE From. a survey in Dec.1900, by the officers of the U.S.S.Samar Anch (Lat. 18°28 N. X2 75 Long. 120°32'E. Yaras 200 300 400 100 100 500 600 506 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. DOS HERMANAS (dohs ayr-mah'-nahs), Sp.; 2 flat | DUGMÁN (doog-mahn'), ver.; ham'et in Concep- islets of rocks 138 ft. high named Isabel (E.) ción, Iloilo, Panay, 31 m. WNW. of San Dio- and Carlota (W.), in mid sea channel 28 m. E. nisio. by S. of Mindoro I., 16 m. NN N. of Tablas I., DUGÓ (doo-gawh') (means blood), Tag.; river and 13 m. S. by W. of Marinduque I. emptying into Manila Bay, in Cavite, Luzón. - group of 5 islets off N. point of Santiago I., DUGOLAÁN, or DUGULAÁN (doo-goh-lah-ahn', W. head of entrance to Lingayen Gulf, off ex doo-goo-lah-ahn'), ver.; point on N. shore of treme N. end of Zambales, Luzón. Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. DOS HERMANOS (dohs ayr-mah'-nohs). Sp.; ham DÚLAG (doo'-lahg), ver.; pueblo near Manacagan let of Negros Occidental, 2 m. NE. of Minu- Mt., in Leyte. Extensive deposits of sulphur lúan. are found in vicinity. Pop., 10,113. DOS PICOS (dohs pee'-cohs), Sp.; mountain in DULAMA (doo-lah-mah), ver.; river in Mindanao. Cavite, Luzón. DULAMPIRI (doo-lam-pee'-ree), ver.; island S. of DOUBLE, for.; 2 low, flat islands fronting an in- straits of San Bernardino, off W. coast of dentation in Sw. coast of Palawan, N. of Sámar I. (See Dalupiri.) Treacherous Bay. DULAN (doo'-lahn), nat.; river entering extreme - islet NW. of Linapacan I. in chain between S. inlet of Libás port, E. coast of Sámar. Calamianes grp. and Paragua, Palawan. DULANGAN (doo-lahn'-gahn); hamlet in Cápiz, - island , m. in length near W. extreme of Panay. Capsalai I., Barton Bay, NW. coast of Para- DULANGON (doo-lang'-awn),ver.; river emptying gua, Palawan. into Bay of Sabaang, NE. of town of Sabaang, DOUBLE PEAK, for.; elevation 1,400 ft. high on on N. coast of Mindoro. E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, inland from DULANÍS (doo-lah-nis'), ver.; river, 24 m., very Danlig hamlet, on N. Cook Channel. rapid, in Panay, rises in ridge between An- - elevation between Maynit Lake on S. and tique and Iloilo, empties between Santa Bár- Tendido Mt. to N., in W. range terminating to bara and Tibiao. N. part of Surigao, Mindanao. DULAYAN (doo-lah'-yahn), ver.; town of Nueva DRAGÓN (drah-gohn'), Sp.; point on Pacific Vizcaya, Luzón, 15 m. N. of Bayombong by coast of Cagayán, Luzón. road. DRAKE PEAK, for.; summit 1,300 ft. high of DULAYAP (doo-lah-yahp'), mountain in E. Abra, range extending N. from Squall Pt. (q.v.), E. Luzón. coast of Paragua, Palawan. DULJÖ (dool-hoh'), ver.; point on NW. coast of DROMEDARIO (droh-may-dah'-ree-oh), Sp.; Panglao I., SW. of Bohol; covered with group of 4 peaks, highest 1,864 ft., in center of cocoanut palms. Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. DULJUGAN (dool-hoo'-gahn), ver.; hamlet in ex- DRYBAAK, for.; southernmost of 2 banks, 1 dry treme sw. angle of extreme W. shore of at all tides, other at half tide, within bay and Leyte, 3 m. W. of Quiot. fronting Maibún Riv., Sulu I., Sulu A. - low, thinly wooded point at extreme SW. DUANDÁN (doo-a hn-dahn'), ver.; mountain in W. corner of extreme W. shore of Leyte, 3 m. W. Mindanao, of Quiot; also N. headland of sea channel DUCA (doo-cah', ver.; inland hamlet between setting E. between Leyte and Camotes Is. Libungan and Sianan, 12 m. SW. by S. of Port Dupon lies 2 m. E. Cotabato, in Cotabato, Mindanao. DÚLONG CÁUIT (doo'-long cah'-wit), Tag.; point DUCABAITA (doo-cah-ba h-ee'-tah), ver.; island on Laguna de Bay, in Rizal, Luzón, at N. end 14 m. E. and W., 1 m. S. off s. point of Cala- of Talim I. mián I. and most S. of Calamianes grp., 10 m. DULUGAN (doo-loo'-gun), nat.: river entering NE. by E. of nearest part of Linapacan I., off SE. shore SW. arm of Barrera port, NE. coast Paragua, Palawan. of Masbate. DUCUS (doo'-coos), ver.; town near headwaters DULUMAQUIÁN (doo-loo-mah-key-ahn'), ver.; of tributary of Pulangui Riv., 38, m. S. by E. hamlet on stream emptying Bulúan Lakeinto of Cagayan de Misamis, Mindanao. Liguasan Lagoon, Cotabato, Mindanao. DUDOC (doo-dock'); river rising in W. hills of DULUMBAYAN (doo-loom-bah'-yahn), ver.; dis- Gran Cordillera Central, and flowing W. trict in Santa Cruz, Manila, Luzón. N.of Bililid empties into Abra Riv. below San José, in prison. Abra, Luzón. DULUNGUÍN, or BALANGUÍN (doo-loon-geen', DUEMO (doo-ay'-maw), ver.; hamlet in Pampan bah-lahn-geen'), ver.; point on NW. coast of ga, Luzón, 14 m. NE. of Bacolor. Zamboanga, Mindanao, on S. side of opening DUEÑAS (doo-ay'-nyass), Sp.; pueblo in E. Iloilo, of Port Santa María. Between point and Panay, at junction of N. tributary with Ja Santa María are 4 detached rocks. laur, 21 m. N. of Iloilo. Pop., 7,130. DUMAGÁS (doo-mah-gahs'), Tag.; river in Nueva DUERO (doo-ay'-roh). Sp.; pueblo on coast road. Ecija, Luzón, emptying into Dingalan Bay. SE, shore of Bohol, 40 m. E. of Tagbilaran. DUMAGSÁN (doo-mug-sahn'), Tag.; river in Ba- Pop., 7,143. tangas, Luzón. DUGÀ (doo-gah'), ver.; mountain in S. Sámar, 3 DUMAGSAYÁ (doo-mag-sah-yah'), ver.; mountain W. of N. of Balangiga. among N. elevations of central range of Ne- DUGÁN (doo-gahn'). ver.; small river entering gros, 16 m. NW. of Calatrava. SW. angle of Bislig Bay, E. coast of Surigao, DUMAGUETE (doo-mah-gay'-tay), ver.; capital Mindanao. River takes its rise in E. slopes and pueblo and post-office of Negros Oriental, of Magdiuta Mt. N. of point of same name on SE. coast, 64 m. SE. of Tagbá Pt. entrance to Strait of Tañón, DUGANGAN (doo-gang -ahn), ver.; hamlet in S. 66 m. E. of S. of Bacolod and 13 m. NW. of central Sámar, 10 m. NE. of Catbalogan. nearest point of Siquijor I. Pop., 13,584; DUGAS (doo'-gahs), nat., river rising in Ambos township having 13,618. Inhabitants are Camarines, and emptying into sea across chiefly engaged in gathering turtle shells pueblo of Tabaco, Albay, Luzón. and trading in cotton. - point and secondary mountains in SE. DUGLIO (doo-glee'-oo), ver., point in island of Negros. Tanglao, SW. of Bohol, Visayas. DUMÁGUIT (doo-mah'-geet), nat.; point on SW. DUGLÚN (doo-gloon'), nat.; village on SW. shore coast of Sorsogon, Luzón, at W. head to Putiao Tara I., off N. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., port, its geographical position for port being Sulu A. lat. 12° 52' 10" N., lon. 123° 38' 18" E. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 507 HIS ryan Pt PHILIPPINE ISLANDS -- SULU ARCHIPELAGO NORTH COAST OF TAWI TAWI PORT DOS AMIGAS va 124 From a Spanish survey in 1876 124 82 263 es 2e 203 92 OS 1927 121 Tokanhi Pt.. Lat. 5° 16 (15") Long. 120* 04 (19) E. 02 79140 290 95 92 01 1 081903 49 88 49 3 2310 3850 818 ass 23 11 5723 2002 10 226 29 203.3 13 9 10 2018 10 23 133 20/ 28 a 9 1926 2029 332e 33 le 39 2310 232 vaga 28 29 943 43 508 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. DUMÁGUIT; town on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, on | DUMARÁN-Continued. NW. side of entrance to Batán port, 21 m. W. ible long distance at sea. Well peopled, and of Cápiz. has much arable land; goats and hogs are DUMÁLAG (doo-mah-lag), ver.; island off Matina abundant; fruits of latitude grow in abun- hamlet at head of W. arm of Davao Gulf, dance. Dávao, Mindanao. - (Cook Channel); sea way 33 m. wide, be- - pueblo in central Cápiz, Panay, on r. bank tween Dumarán I. and mainland of Paragua, of tributaty of Badbaran Riv., 21 m. SSW. of Palawan. Cápiz. Pop., 8,000. - pueblo on W. coast of island of that name DUMALAGUI (doo-mah-lah'-gee), ver.; river in and E. shore of Cook Channel; lies 4 m. N. Mindanao. of Barton Pt. at head of small bay abreast Endeavor Pt. Fort, with church forming part DUMALANGIN (doo-mah-lung'-inn), nat.; ham- of its equipment, stands close to landing place. let in Misamis, Mindanao. Village itself stands among cocoanut trees. DUMALAYLAY (doo-mah-lie-lie'), ver.; river in Large body of land in vicinity is under culti- Panay. vation, yielding rice, maize, sweet potatoes, DUMALI (doo-mah'-lee), nat.; point and most tobacco, and cotton for home consumption; conspicuous headland on extreme E. coast of and of ship supplies, pigs, goats, and fowls are Mindoro and formed by termination of shoul raised in abundance. Pop., Cn. 1887, 2,032. der of Dumali Mt., 34 m. SE. by E. of Calapán. DUMARAO (doo-mah-rah'-aw), ver.; pueblo on l. Maestre de Campo I. lies 13 m. SE., Dos bank of Badbarán Riv., central Cápiz, Panay, Hermanas (Carlota) 21 m. ESE., and Marin 21 m. WSW. of Cápiz. Pop., 5,083. duque I. 24 m. NE. by E. DUMATAYTAY (doo-mah-tie-tie'), ver.; hamlet - high-peaked mountain in NE. of Mindoro, in W. Cápiz, Panay, 5 m. E. of Libacao. inland from point of that name, which forms DUMATÚLUNG (doo-mah-tool-loong), nat.; creek lofty promontory, and is visible long distance on r. bank of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cota- at sea by great white patch 400 ft. above sea. bato, Mindanao, opposite Ponos islets. DUMALIN, or DUMALON (doo-mah'-lin, doo-mah'- DUMBELL, or TALAKANEN (tah-lah-kah'-nen), lohn), ver.; point and hamlet on extreme SW. nat.; remarkable double-headed island of coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, W. by N. of Taytay Bay, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Caldera Pt. DUM GÁ (doom-gah), ver.; inland hamlet of Cá- DUMANGAS (doo-mahn'-gahs), river entering S. piz, Panay, 14 m. NW. of Macató. part of Dingalan Bay, in Infanta, Luzón. DUMINI (doo-meel-nee), ver.; inlet in S. Sámar. - pueblo on I. bank of Dumangas, reaches of Jalaur Riv., 45 m. above its outlet in Iloilo DUMÚLUG (doo-moo'-loog), ver.; river in central Strait, E. Iloilo, Panay, 13 m. NE. of Iloilo. Luzón. River is shallow, but boats can enter at high DUMUN (doo'-moon), ver.; mountain in Cagayan, water. Pop., 14,114. Luzon, on tributary of Grande de Cagayan - river in Iloilo, Panay, 1} m. from Cabugao Riv. Pt. DUMUNPALIT (doo-moon-pah-lit'), ver. [thrret); - point on SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay. From island 8 m. NE. of Caláuit Pt., Busuanga I., Banate to this point shore trends to s. 13 m. Calamianes grp., W. by S. of Mindoro, and and then to river Dumangas. bearing S. 500 E., 7. m. from North Rock, 816 ft. high, haying several detached rocks about - point and creek on SE. shore of Lapac I., it and a remarkable hummock on its SW. Tapul grp., Sulu A. point, somewhat resembling a turret. DUMANJUG (doo-mahn-hoog'), ver.; pueblo and DUMURU (doo-moo'-roo), nat.; river in SE. Mas- point on Strait of Tañón, W. coast of Cebú. bate I., Visayas, emptying into W. side of Town is 35 m. SW. of Cebú. Pop., 13, 171. Cataíngan port. DUMÁNLOG (doo-mahn'-log), ver.; mountain in DUMÚRUG, EAST (doo-moo'-roog), nat.; point at Sámar. extremity of peninsula, forming E. shore of DUMANQUILAS (doo-mahn-key'-lahs), nat.; bay Cataingan port, SE, Masbate I., Visayas. in SE. part of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 123 m. - river entering NW. shore Cataingan port, between heads, 19 m, deep. Waters of bay S. of Cataíngan, SE, shore Masbate I., Vi- are much taken up by number of islands, 14 sayas. of which are charted and afford good shelter. DUN (doon), ver.; small stream emptying into - point on SE. coast of Zamboanga, sea on SE. coast of Cebú, 3 m. SW. of Oslob. Mindanao. DUNAO (doo-now'), ver.; islet between Malanga- hamlet on deep estuary on E. shore of ban and Bulubudlangan Is. in group off E. Dumanquilas Bay, Zamboanga, Mindanao, 94 coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 7 m. E. of m. NE. of Zamboanga. Concepción. - point on bay of same name, with Tritón DUNÁUN (doo-nah'-oon), ver.: island 37 m. NW. I. marking entrance, E. end of S. shore of to SE., 11 m. NE, to SW., SE. of Culión, Cala- Zamboanga, Mindanao. mián I., Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, -- river entering bay of that name by several Palawan; peaked hill on NE. marks approach mouths opposite Igat I., S. coast of Zambo to Port Culion from S. anga, Mindanao. DUNG (doong), nat.; anchorage off village of DUMAOUIT (doo-mah-kit'), ver.; hamlet on N. Saavedra, E. shore of Balut I., Sarangani grp., coast of Cápiz, Panay, 5 m. NW. of Balán. S. of Mindanao. _extreme W. point of entrance to Putiao DUNGAL (doong-ahl'), ver.: point at sea end of port, on SW. shore of Albay, Luzón. mountain of same name, SE. coast of Pala- wan. DUMARA (doo-mah'-rah), ver.; mountain in W. DUXGÁS (doong-ass'), ver.; point at N. extreme Antique, Panay, 15 m. E. of Barbaza. of Sámal I., head of Davao Gulf, Davao, Min- DUMARAN (doo-mah-rahn'); thickly wooded danao. island 600 ft. high, 18 m. N. and S. and 15 m. DUNGÚN (doong-oon'), ver.; point at extreme E. and W., area 128 sq. m., off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, from which it is separated NW. end of Leyte. by Dumarán or Cook Channel, 3, m. wide at - hamlet on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, Endeavor Pt. Chief town Araceli,on SE. coast. 5 m. N. by W. of Tugubun Pt., SE. terminus Three small islands front SE, side of Dumarán of boundary between Surigao arid Davao dis- I., Langoi (Christmas). Quimitad, and another tricts, and 209 m. SSE. of Surigao. unnamed. South Hill is important landmark DUXOL (doo-nohl'), ver.; bay on extreme S. coast on S. shore. On N, extreme is white cliff, vis- | of Albay, Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 509 DUPAGAN (doo-pah'-gahn), ver.; hill town in extreme sw. of Cagayán, Luzón, on W. slope of Gran Cordillera Central, near boundary with Abra. DÚPAX (doo'-pahx), ver.; pueblo of Nueva Viz- caya, Luzón, 14 m. s. of Bayombong, con- nected by road. Pop., 2,229. DUPÓN (doo-pawn'), Sp.; port on extreme SW. point of Leyte, 2 m. E. of Duljagan, with re- mains of port on SW. headland. Quiot is near its head. bay and river in W. Leyte. - point in Panay. DUPULISAN (doo-poo-lee'-sahn), ver.; point form- ing S. head of Pagadian (Pagarian) Bay, on extreme NW. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. DUQUINO (doo-key'-noh), ver.; island of Cuatro *Islas grp., W. of Leyte. DUQUIS (doo'-kiss), ver.; town in district of Am- burayan, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. DURANGAN (doo-rang'-ahn), ver.; island 386 ft. high, m. in length, in center of channel be- tween Passage I. and Balula Pt., on W. shore Malampaya Bay, Paragua, Palawan. DURIÉN (doo-ree-ayn'), ver.; river of Ilocos Sur, Luzon, after passing pueblo of Candón emp- ties into sea in lat. 170 4' N. DUROZ (doo-roth'), Sp.; hamlet in SE. Iloilo, Panay, 1 mile s. of Pavía. DURUMANAN (doo-roo-mah-nahn), nat.; point and river on SE. shore of Panguil Bay, Sw. end of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. (See Daromáoang.) - hamlet on SE. shore of terminal basin of Panguil Bay, Misamis, Mindanao. DURUNDEEN (doo-roon-day-ayn'), ver.; point on W. coast of Palawan, N. of Tagbayug Bay. Malanut lies to SW., on bay. - mountain in central range of Palawan, inland from Tagbayug Bay and SW. of Sultán Peak. DURUNGAO (doo-roong-ah'-00), Tag.; point on Balayán Bay, S. coast of Batangas, Luzón. DURUUNGAN (doo-roo-oong'-ahn), nat.; river en- tering bight on W. coast of Sámar, NE. of Moroporo Pt. DÚTAG (doo'-tahg), ver.; town of importance on W. shore of San Pedro Bay, E. Leyte, and coast road 18 m. S. of Tacloban. Pop., 10,113. DÚYAG (doo'-yahg), ver.; hamlet in N. Cápiz, Panay, on E. shore of anchorage of Cápiz, capital 2 m. SE. inland, with which it is con- nected by fine road. DUYAGAN (doo-yah'-gahn), ver.; point in E. Mindoro. DÚYANG (doo'-yang). ver.; hamlet on S. coast of W. Antique, Panay, 8 m. W. of of Pandán. DUYO (dool-yoh), Tag.; peak in Caraballos Sur, in Rizal, Luzón. DUYUNGAN (doo-yoong'-ahn), ver.; small river of Negros Occidental emptying into bay 4 m. S. of Inayauan. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 511 E. EAST, for.; low coral island off SE. coast of Pala. | ENCAMPMENT, for.; point on NE. shore of Ramos wan, also known as Comei, Comeian or Taga. I., SE. of C. Disaster, 1 m., in Balábac grp., linog, in lat. 8° 53' N., lon. 118° 14' E. or ESE SW. of Palawan. of Eustasia Pt., m. in extent, covered with ENCANTO (en-cahn'-toh), Sp.; point on E. coast trees, tops of which are visible 20 m. at sea. of Príncipe, Luzón, in pueblo of Baler. - point on E. shore of Tablas I., Visayas. ENCARNADA (en-car-nah-dah) (means red), Sp.; EASTERN, for.; passage between NE. coast of point at N. entrance to small bay on W. side Mindanao and S. points of islands Dinagat of Lingayen Gulf, in Zambales, Luzón, and Bucas. (See Ginatúan.) END, for.; peak 4,512 ft. high on S. end of Vic- EAST PEAK, for.; summit, 1,890 ft. high, 4 m. toria peak range in Paragua, Palawan. NE. of Talindac, and very conspicuous from ENDEAVOR, for.; point at narrows of Cook chan- N. and W. of Paragua, Palawan. nel, 12 m. NE. of High Pt., low and densely EBA (ay'-bah), ver.; hamlet in SW. Sámar, 9 m. wooded, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. ESE. of Basey. -- shallow strait, 1,000 ft wide, E. of Tuluran EBRO (ay'-bra wh), Sp.; town on 1. bank of Gibong I., entering Malampaya Sound, NW, coast of Riv., in central Surigao, Mindanao, 33 m. SE. Paragua, Palawan, by S. of Butúan. - island near head of Barton Bay, NW. coast EBUS (ay'-boos), nat.; hamlet in Lanao, Minda of Paragua, Palawan. nao, lat. 7° 30' 30' N. - point on E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, and ECHAGÜE (ay-chah'-gway), Sp.; pueblo of Isa- W. head of Cook channel. From here shores bela, Luzon, on W. bank of Grande de Caga of Palawan assume very different character, yán Riv. and connected with highway by 2 being fronted by islands and rocks, not one of roads, one near Carig, 10 m. SW., and other which partakes of features of those farther S. at Angadanán, 5 m. NW. Pop., 5,700. ENGAÑO (en-gah-nyoh), Sp.; cape E. S., 54 m. EGAÑA (ay-gah'-nyah), Sp.; pueblo of Antique, from Pala Pt. on N. point of Palaui I., off NW. Panay, 5 m. E. of San José de Buenavista. extreme of Cagayán, Luzón, forming ex- Pop., 1,995, pueblo having 3,807. pansive bay. Landmark of approach for nav- ELCANO (ayl-cah'-noh): remains of small town igators to E. coast of N. Luzon from China on branch of Gándara Riv., 2 m. by river Sea, front being intersected by several fine above town of Tivaran. rivers, including Pamplona and Grande de Cagayán. Channel between cape and Cami- ELEFANTE (ay-lay-fahn'-tay), Sp.; island off guín I., to NNW., is 20 m. wide, clear of Marinduque, with extinct volcano resem- danger. (See also Escarpada Pt.) bling Yriga, but less in height, covered with ENGANOSO (en-gah-nyoh'-soh), Sp.; highest peak fine pastures and trees; abounds in half-wild cattle shipped to Manila, where they com. situated in center of Burias I., Masbate grp., mand good price. Visayas, dividing highlands of N. from low lands of's. Coast of Burias I. here makes bend ELEPHANT, for.; one of N. of small group of called Boca Engañosa, dominated by hill of islands lying across entrance of Taytay Bay, that name. off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, about m. - rock off W. coast of Burias, I., Visayas, N. of Castle I. about 1 m. from Gorión islet. - islet, 1 m. S. of Pt. Sabaa, is sugar-loaf rock, almost bare, on Marinduque I. Good ENIARAN (ay-nee-ah'-rahn), ver.; island off w. anchorage. coast of Passage I., Malampaya Sound, NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan, ELISARIO (ay-lee-sah'-ree-oh), Sp.; mountain in ENMEDIO (en-may'-dee-oh); channel SE. of Bala- Ambos Camarines, Luzón. bac I., SW. of Palawan. ELIZABETH, for.: point on SW. coast of Pala- wan, 4 m. NNÉ. of Eran Bay. Peak 3,067 ft. ENORÚAN (ay-noh-rool-ahn), nat.; islet m.sw. high rises 8 m. inland. of Guintulan Pt., Basey, sw. coast of Samár. EL PARDO (ayl pahr'-doh), Sp.; pueblo in Cebú. ENRILE (en-reel-lay), Sp.; pueblo of Cagayán, Pop., 10,647. Luzón, near bank of Grande de Cagayán Riv.. immediately N. of boundary with Isabela, 7 EL REAL (ayl ray-ahl'), Sp.; village on E. shore m. SW. of Tuguegarao. Pop., 7,000. of Lagúan I., at N. entrance to Lagúan chan- nel. Calomatan Riv. empties S. of this village. ENRIQUETA (ayn-ree-kay-tah), Sp.; hamlet on EL SALVADOR (ayl sahl-vah-dohr'), Sp.; pueblo SW. shore of Biri I., Sámar. in Misamis, Mindanao. Pop., 2,845. - village at mouth of small estuary on W. coast of Biri I., Sámar, in strait of San Ber- EMERGENCIA (ay-mer-hayn'-thee-ah), Sp.; point nardino. Barín I. lies opposite on W. side of in W. Paragua channel. EMMELINE, for.; southernmost of chain of small ENTABLADO (en-tah-blah'-doh). Sp.; road center islands on Mantaknín Bay, E. coast of Pala- in pueblo of Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, Luzón, op- wan. posite San Antonio crossing of Grande de la EMMIT, for.point on E. coast of Paragua, Pala Pampanga Riv., 2 m. SW. of San Isidro in wan, with High Triple Hill bearing NE. in Nueva Ecija, Luzon. land. ENTALULA (en-tah-loo'-lah), ver., island off NW. - small wooded island 170 ft. high, with 2 pil coast of Paragua, Palawan, opposite opening lar rocks at its N. end, on NW. coast of Para- of Bacuit Bay. gua, Palawan, midway between Talindac and ENTILAN (en-teel-lahn), ver.; point in E. Albay, Crawford Pts. Luzón. EMPINADA (em-pee-nah'-dah), Sp.; range of sec ERAN, or CRAN (ay'-rahn, crahn), ver.; first bay ondary mountains in Balábac I., SW. of Pa on coast of SW. Palawan, affording anchorage lawan, in sw, winds and furnishing wood, water, 512 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ERAN, or CRAN-Continued. ESCARPADO (ays-cahr-pah'-doh), Sp.: settlement and supplies; 4 m. wide at entrance and on 1. bank of Juáhit Riv. entering Princesa open to N.; Eran Riv. enters in SW. corner port, E. coast of S. Palawan. and is navigable for boats short distance. - point and mountain in S. Palawan. - point on W. side of entrance to that bay, ESCONCHADA (es-con-chah-dah'), Sp.; point on SW. coast of Palawan. W. shore of Dinagat I., N. of Surigao, Minda- - river emptying into SW. corner of that bay, nao, and SW. of Berrugosa Pt., forming im- SW. coast of Palawan, with good water and portant headland on E. side of Surigao Strait. navigable for boats. At entrance of river is To N. of this point are 2 bays on NW. shore of excellent seining. Dinagat I. separated by Berrugosa Pt. Islets - settlement on shore of Eran Bay, SW. Pa “Twins" lie 2 m. NNE. of latter point. lawan. Region in vicinity is inhabited by -S. point or headland of bay on NW. coast Dusuns or hill people, mixture of Malay under of Dinagat I., N. of Surigao, Mindanao. self-styled Panjiran. They sell beeswax, ESCUCHA (es-cool-chah), Sp.; small island E. of fowls, goats, sweet potatoes, etc., or barter Palaui I., off extreme NE. point of Cagayán, their products for bolos and few articles Luzon, and N. of Negra Pt. on adjacent known to their simple wants. mainland. ERAN QUOIN, for.; quoin-shaped hill 518 ft. high, ESFUERZO, DEL (dayles-fwayr'-thoh), Sp.; point named by natives Palepaikan, rising out of on W. coast of Palawan. plain midway between Low and Eran Pts., SW. coast of Palawan. — strait toward E. of Tuluran, Palawan. ERENAS (ay-ray'-nahs), Sp.; hamlet on NW.coast ESMERALDA (es-may-rahl'-dah), Sp.; mountain of Sámar. of Negros Occidental, one of most N. summits of central range, 11 m. S. of Manapla, on ERENAS Y MALAYAT (ay-ray-nahs ee mah-lah- N. coast. yat'); hamlet on SW. coast of Zamboanga, ESPANA (es-pah'-nyah), Sp.; small stream empty- Mindanao. ing into sea on SW. coast of Sibuyán I., Rom- ERMITA (ayr-mee'-tah), Sp.; district of city of Ma- blón grp., Visayas; small island lies near its nila. On river bank E. of monument of Ma- mouth. gallanes are barracks of fort, and ascending that stream great tobacco factories of Arroce- - town in Sibuyán I., Romblon grp., Visayas. ros, Quinta market, and military hospital, ESPERANZA (es-pay-rahn'-thah) (means hope), latter in barrio de la Concepción. Bridge Sp.; town on r. bank of Agusan Riv., Surigao, here crosses Pásig to suburbs of San Miguel. Mindanao, 10. m. SSE. of Butúan. Infantry barracks stand immediately S. of ESPINA (ess-pea!-nah), Sp.; point, s. head to bastion of San Gabriel, near gate, and where Calandórang Bay, Balábac I., SW. of Pala- road to Paco starts. Church and convent of wan. On point is coal store and small jetty Ermita fronton highway which extends from and fresh water. Manila to Malate through Ermita. Pop., 7,260. NE. of Manila, in Ermita, adjoining city and ESPÍRITU SANTO (es-peel-ree-too sahn'-toh), fronting on Pásig, is section known as Arroce- (means Holy Ghost), Sp.; cape on NE. extrem- ros, or rice mills. Most important resort of ity of coast of Sámar, 11 m. ESE. of Palápag native population, being center of great to- Port, important point of approach from Pa- bacco factories. In one of these alone over cific Ocean. High and visible in clear weather 7,000 women are constantly occupied. In this 40 m., thus serving as excellent mark for section is also observatory, botanical gardens, working strait of San Bernardino. Mt. Mesa kiosko, dance hall, and other resorts for peo- de Palápag, 10 m. SW. of this cape, is always ple, and slaughter house. visible at 42 m. - hamlet of Cagayán, Luzón, from which ESTAGNO (es-tahg'-noh), Sp.; island E. of Isabela, trails lead across Chico de Cagayán Riv. to Luzon. (See Dimalansán.) Mauaman, Tuao, and Tuguegarao, latter 18 ESTAMPA (ess-tahm'-pah), Sp.; summit 856 ft. m. distant. high, on NW. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of ERNESTÍN (err-ness-tin'), Sp.; circular lake of Zambales, Luzón. fresh water, m. in diameter, on S. shore - point on SE. shore Iloilo Strait, NW. shore of Cagayan Sulu. Small barrier of 200 yds. Guimarás I., opposite Iloilo, Panay. separates it from another circular lake to W., ESTANCIA (es-tahn'-thee-ah), Sp.; pueblo and called Singúan. Country in vicinity is com- anchorage on NE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 7 m. posed of low hills about 800 ft. in height. S. of Carlés. Anchorage S. of Cayo Pt. be- ESCALANTE (es-cah-lahn'-tay), Sp.; town on tween islet of Luginot (SW. of Calagnan) and strait of Tañón, on extreme NE. coast of Ne Bayas Is. Town of Estancia is 1 m. inland gros Occidental, on bay at mouth of Danao and connected with coast by good road. Riv., 42 m. E. of Bacolod, on opposite side of - river in Panay, known also as Panisían. island. Pop., 3,000. ESTANZUELA, or CARIDAD (ess-tan-thway'-lah, ESCARCEO (es-cahr-thay'-oh), Sp.; point, so cah-ree-dahd'), Sp.; village on W. shore of named from tide rips off it, covered with trees Bacoor Bay, SSW. of San Roque, Cavite, on extreme N. end of peninsula, on N. coast of Luzón. Mindoro, 14 m. NW. by W. of Calapán. Galera lies on land end of this peninsula. Point is 33 ESTE (ays'-tay), Sp.: point forming E. extreme m. across from Verde I. in midchannel be of Tablas I., Romblon grp. tween Mindoro and Batangas, Luzón. ESTELLA (ays-tay'-lyah), Sp.; town in Isabela, ESCARPADA (ays-cahr-pah'-dah), Sp.; point s. Luzón. head Port San PioQuinto, W.coast Camiguin I. ESTILETE (ays-tee-lay'-tay), Sp.; mountain in - extreme NE. point of Cagayán, Luzón. Ilocos Sur, Luzón. From San Vicente coast runs E. 5 m. to this EULALIA (av-00-lah-lee-ah). Sp.: hamlet on NE. point, which in charts and sailing directions coast of Leyte, 3 m. across sea channel from has usually been distinguished as Engaño. Biliran I. Coast turns abruptly to SE. 12 m. to Iligan Pt. - island of Naranjos grp., off S. coast of Sor- | EUSTASIA (ay-oos-tah-see-ah), Sp.: point on SE. coast of Palawan, S. by W. of Scolt Pt. sogón, Luzón. - point on SW. coast of Ticao I., Masbate, EWIIG, for.; river entering Puerto Princesa, E. Visayas. coast of Palawan. (See Iuáhit Riv.) GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 513 FALDON (fahl-dawn'), Sp.; creek entering on r. | FLECHAS; conspicuous point on E. coast of Pa- bank of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, ragua, Palawan, 12 m. SW. of Endeavor Pt. Cotabato, Mindanao. (High Pt.) FALSE SHARP, for.; peak 2,814 ft. high, S. of Gan- | FLORES (floh'-rays) (means flowers), Sp.; ham- tung Mt., overlooking Eran Bay, SW. Palawan let 8 m. W. inland from W. coast of Antique, FALTABAN (fahl-tah'-bahn), Sp.: island off Tabu- Panay. nan, extreme NW. point of Ticao I., Visayas, FLORIDA BLANCA (floh-ree'-dah blahn-cah), at E. side of N. entrance to Port San Miguel. Sp.; pueblo in SW. Pampanga, Luzón, 9 m. FARALLONES (fah-rah-lyoh'-ness), Sp.; cluster W. of Bacolor. Pop. 7,654. of islets in bay of San Miguel, near coast of FONDEADO (fon-day-ah'-doh), Sp.; island 4 m. Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzon, between SE. by S. of Babuyan, on E. coast of N. Pala- islands of Canimo and Cantón. wan, immediately S. of Paragua boundary. FARALLONS (fah-rah-lyons'), Sp.; 6 islets 1 m. FONT, Sp.; islet in middle of entrance to Port SW. of S. entrance to Port Silanquín, coast of San Pío Quinto, W. shore of Camiguin I., Zambales, Luzón. Babuyanes grp., about 1. sq. m. in area; FARO (fah'-roh), Sp.; hamlet at Sangley Pt., N. has on each side safe channel leading to port, shore of Cañacao Bay (see Cavite), 8. m. SW. N. 1 m, wide and S. 2 m. wide. In S. channel of Manila, Luzón. water presents remarkable discoloration of iron caused by profuse boiling spring of salt FAROL (fah-rol'), Sp.; island of Balanguingui water to S.; evidences of recent volcanic grp., Sulu A. action is discernible throughout island, lead- - point in E. Mindanao. ing to conclusion that this natural curiosity FATIMA (fah-tee'-mah), Sp.; island in range of is of same origin; best anchorage is E. of approach to Dumanquilas Bay, E. end of S. island abreast small stream of fresh water shore of Zamboanga, Mindanao. which bears ENE. Island is inhabited dur- ing small part of year, when people are FATIMO (fah-teel-moh), ver.; cluster of islands engaged in excellent fishing on its shores. which fills head of Dumanquilas Bay, S. coast Preliminary landing of crew and saved equip- of Zamboanga, Mindanao. Surrounding ment and boats of wrecked U.S. S. Charleston banks are nearly dry at low water. having been made on lee side of Camiguin I., PAUNIL (fow-neel'); stream entering on 1. bank in plain sight of scene of disaster, ship was of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cota abandoned at 8 a.m. November 2, 1899, landing bato, Mindanao. at 12.30 p.m.; party reembarked and proceed- FELICES (fay-lee'-thays), Sp.; cluster of islets E. ed to Font I., about 5 m.distant, effecting land- of Basilan, off S. coast of Zamboanga, Min- ing in safety with equipments, rifles, machine danao. guns, etc., about 2 p. m.; natives next morn- ing brought supplies of chickens, cocoanuts, FERNÁNDEZ (fayr-nahn'-dayth), Sp.; hamlet in and oranges. No drinking water on island. NE. Cápiz, Panay, 2 m. NW. of Mayón. FORMOSA (for-moh'-sah), Sp.; town on shore of - point at entrance to Port Concepción, bay on NE. coast of Ticao I., Masbate grp., Maestre de Campo I., E. of Mindoro. Visayas. - mountain in E. Zambales, Luzón. FORTÚN (for-toon'), Sp.; island 1 m. in extent. FIDELISÁN (fee-day-lee-sahn'), nat.; pueblo of 64 m. sw. of Fuego, off Talin Pt., W. coast of Bontoc, Luzon, 16 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 478. Batangas, Luzón. FILANTROPÍA (fee-lahn-troh-peel-ah), Sp.; point FOTOL (foh-tall'), ver.; town in district of on SE. coast of Palawan. (See Philanthropy.) Apayaos, Luzón. FIN (feen), Sp.; sharp pinnacle in central moun FOUR PEAKS, for.; peaks on shore of upper tain range in S. Palawan. (Pagoda Cliff.) Grande Riv., Mindanao. (See Tiniptiban.) FISH, for.; point on SE. coast of Palawan, 4 m. - summits in Cleopatra Range, inland from N. by E. of Nose Pt. Green Island Bay, SE. coast of Paragua, Pa- - bay on W. coast of Paragua, Palawan, over lawan. looking Mt. Airy. --- range, with summits 4,730, 4,800, 4,900, 5,200 FISHERMAN, for.; point on E. coast of Palawan, ft., E. of St. Pauls Mt., of which Cleopatra's just S. of Paragua boundary, SE. of Babuyan; Needle, 5,200 ft., is southernmost and highest hill 1,225 ft. lies inland. in S. Paragua, Palawan. FLACA (flah'-cah), Sp.; point W. of Yucatán Pt.. FRAGATA (frah-gah'-tah), Sp.; river rising in on Mayo Bay, E. coast of Davao, Mindanao. mountain ranges of Bohol, having its outlet FLAT, for.; low, tree-covered island 2 m.in extent to sea through Ispil. N. and S., 6 m. E. of Bivouac Pt. and fronting | FRAILE (fryel-lay) (the friar), Sp.; rock which Mantakwin Bay, E. coast of S. Palawan. appears like sail, 37 m. s. from Caballo light - one of largest islands in Green Island Bay, and 2 m. from S. shore of Manila Bay. De- E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. pendent island of Cavite. FLECHA (flay'-chah), Sp.; narrow peninsula FRAILES, LOS (lohs frye'-less), S.; cluster of 4 through which extends from NW. to SE., E. islands off SW. shore of Silanguin I., off SW. boundary of Zamboanga with Cotabato, Min- coast of Zambales, Luzón. danao. (See Buganían Pen.) FRANCÉS (frahn-thais'). Sp.: island E. of Mala- FLECHAS (flay'-chahs), Sp.; promontory at ex- buctún I., off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, treme SE. end of narrow peninsula jutting NE, entrance to Aletas de Tiburón Bay. into Celebes Sea, at S. extreme of line of FRASER, for.: island in N. waters of Honda Bay, boundary between Cotabato on E. and Zam- E. coast of Palawan, S. of Paragua boundary. boanga on W., Mindanao; also headland marking division of great bays of Illana on E. FRESHWATER, for., or AGUADA (ah-gwah'-dah). and Dumanquilas on W., S. coast of Cotabato Sp.; point at N. head of arm of Eran Bay, on and Zamboanga, Mindanao. SW. coast of Palawan. S. Doc. 280— 33 514 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. FUEGO (fway'-goh), Sp.; point on W. coast of Batangas, Luzón, 7 m. s. of Limbones Pt. Elevated and rocky, with small islands in its vicinity. FUENTE DE AGUA DULCE (fwayn'-tay day ah'- gwah dool'-thay), Sp.; celebrated natural outflow of water issuing from mountains on N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, NE. of Salay. FUERTE QUINTANA (fwayr'-tay kin-tah'-nah). Sp.; hamlet in Cavite, Luzón, 15 m. S. of Cavite. FUGA (foo'-gah), Sp.; one of S. islands of Babu- yanes grp., 16 m. NE. of Pt. Cabicungan, on N. coast of Luzon, and 21 m. W. of Camiguin I. Lower and of more even appearance, par- ticularly in E. part, than any of other larger islands of group; 11 m. E. and W., and 3 m. N. and S.; area of 27 sq. m. Its only town is FUGA-Continued. Musa on bay on S. shore. Strongly marked tide rip extends from C. Bojeador to this is- land, broken water of which is similar to line of breakers entire distance, 49 m. in ENE. direction. FUGAY (foo-gi'), ver.; point on N. coast of Ca- gayán, Luzón, in pueblo of Buguey. FULAY (foo-lie'), ver.; river in Cagayán, Luzón, rising in Gran Cordillera, lat. 170 52' N., and taking course to W. empties into Cagayan Riv. in pueblo of Alcalá. FULÍN (foo-lin'), ver.; S. of 3 islets 7 m. off E. coast of Sámar, opposite mouth of Ulut Riv. (See Banján and Linao.) FURAO (foo-rah'-aw), ver.; town in pueblo of Gamú, Isabela, Luzón, on N. side of crossing of Magat Riv.; by main road 8 m. S. of Ilagan. D # * PORT GALERA # VARADERO BAY MINDORO PORT GALERA VARADERO BAY ARD W EIRD WY CAPTES 20. CONSIS Ecce Let S Stagit THE NORS PETERS COHOTOOTH W OOD S Doc a 80 57 i GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 515 GABA (gah'-bah), ver.; small bay on NW. side of GAJO (gah'-hoh), Sp.: point in Albay, Albay, Luzon, on S. shore of entrance to Albay Bay. which separates Batán from Cacraray, con (Also Sajo.) nects Gaba with great Albay Bay on S. GALANGALAN (gah-lan-gah'-lahn), ver.; moun- GABAMBÁLANG (gah-bam-bah'-lang), ver.; ex tain in Sorsogón, Luzón. treme point at angle of SW. coast of Negros GALÁS (gah-lahs'), Tag.; mineral spring near Mabitac, in Laguna, Luzón. land of deep bight of Guimarás Strait. GALÁUIT (gah-lah'-00-eet), ver.; hamlet of Nueva GABAO (gah-bah'-oh), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of Vizcaya, Luzón, on road between Ibung and Bagábag. GABAON (gah-bah'-own), ver.; peak in Caraba GALBÁN (gal-bahn'), Sp.; point on SE. coast of Batangas, Luzon, E. of Malabrigo on Verde GABAYONG (gah-bah'-yong). ver.; river in E. Passage. (Also Malagundi.) central Leyte, rising in Ņ. slopes of Anadining GALERA (gah-lay'-rah), Sp.; point on NW. coast Mt., flows N. by Alang-Alang and San Miguel of Zamboanga, Mindanao. (See Kipit Pt.) and enters bay 4 m. SW. of Babatugon. Murciélagos islets lie 2 m. N.- GABI (gah-bee'), nat.: mountain in Panaón, SE. of Leyte. extreme N. peninsula of Mindoro, forming its GABÔ (gah-baw'), ver.; port at SE. end of Dina SE.and E.shores, and islands of Del Medio and gat I., off N. coast of Surigao, Mindanao; well Paniquian its shelter toward NW. Balateros sheltered from N. by high mountains Caba Chico and Grande are 2 coves on S. shore; llete, and to S. by Mt. Lapa on island Sw. is 10 m. SW. by S. of Malacot Pt., E, headland of Dinagat. Port is 13 m. wide and pene of Batangas Bay, S. coast of Batangas, Luzón, trates 14 m. to W., where it forms an elbow, and refuge for coasters from points of Visaya turning into Gabo Passage; anchorage is to Manila. Islets at entrance of bay close it in this angle, sheltered by islet joined to S. to W. Port itself is canal or silanga, with 2 shore. passages, one to N. and other to NW. Verde - "silanga” between Dinagat and islands of Ginatúan grp., off NE. coast of Surigao, of which Galera port opens, lies about 5 m, to Mindanao, and connects Pacific Ocean with NE. From Abra de flog to Galera port coast Surigao Strait. is moderately high and picturesque, with 2 beautiful water courses descending in cas- GABÓN, or DACUER (gah-bawn', dah-cwayr'), cades from highland to coast. Coast is safe ver.; mountain in Ilocos Norte, Luzon. within m. of shore. GABOT (gah-bot'). ver.: point on China Sea coast GALERA. PUERTO (pwayr'-toh gah-lay'-rah), of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, between Gan Bay N. Sp.; town on neck of N. peninsula with Del and mouth of Grande de Badoc Riv. Varadero Bay on SE. and Galera port on NW. -- bay on coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, in side. Pop., 1,912. pueblo of Badoc, between Gabot and Mangla- GALIANO (gah-lee-ah'-noh), Sp.; pueblo in Ben- guet, Luzon, 8 m. WSW. of Trinidad. and con- GABUNG (gah-boong'), ver.; island 2 m. E. and nected by highway. Pop., 1,330. W. and 1m. N. and S., 2 m. E. of Manlagule GALLINA (gah-lyeel-nah), Sp.; hamlet on E. coast of Balábac grp., SW. of Palawan, and central of Mindanao, 79 m. SE. of Surigao. of 3 islands, Apo, Gabung, and Byan, like GALLINA, LA, Y POLLOS, LOS (lah gah-lyee'. stepping-stones in sea channel, 5 m. wide, be- tween larger islands of Bugsuk and Manla nah ee los poh'-lyohs) (means hen and chick- gule. (Also Gabunc.) ens), Sp.; several scattered islands in front of bay, just N. of Mount Herschel, off W. coast GACAT (gah-caht), ver.; mountain in SE. Leyte, of S. Palawan, near S. boundary of Paragua. 7 m. SE. of Sógod Antique. GALLO MALO (gah'-lyoh mah'-loh) (bad cock), GACUB DE JUPPA (gah-coob' day hoop'-pah), Sp.; channel between Tandubata and E. coast Hisp.; mountain in SW. Leyte. of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. Can be penetrated GADANI (gah-dah'-nee), ver.; hamlet on 1. bank by gunboats 2 m. from N. end; sides are high and forest clad. Many creeks open into it. m. ENE. of Bangued. Mapait, native settlement, is on its shores. GALOC (gah-lohck'),long, narrow island, 24 sq.m., GAGALANGIN (gah-gah-lahng-inn), Tag.; suburb 941 ft. high, close off NW. extreme of Cala- mián I., Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, part of district of Tondo. Palawan. Close off its N. shore lies Popoto- GADGARAN (gad-gah'-rahn), ver.; hamlet in E. tán. Sámar, 5 m, sw. of Tubig. GALVÁN (gal-vahn'), Sp.; small river in SE. Ba- tangas, Luzon. GAGBAYAN (gag-bah'-yahn), ver.; S. tributary of Napo Riv., which it joins at Candijay, SE. GALVANEY (gal-vah-nay'), Sp.; 2 islets 1 m. NW. of that point, off E. shore of Ragay Gulf, Bohol. Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. GAGO (gah'-goh), ver.; mountain settlement in GALVANEY, or BANTUIN (gal-vah-nay,' bahn- Cotabato, Mindanao, 23 m. SE. by E. of Cota- tween), Sp.; point on E. shore of Ragay Gulf, bato. Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 8 m. SE. of GAHILONGAN (gah-hee-long'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in E. Sámar, 2 m. NNW. of Borongan. nected with mainland by neck of low land. GAMAY (gah-mi'), ver.; point on Daram Channel GAÍNZA (gah-in'-thah), Sp.; pueblo in Ambos E. land of Biliran I., N. of Leyte Camarines (Sur, Luzon. Pop., 2,631. GAMBAL (gum-bahl'), nat.; village on 1. bank of GAIOTAN (gah-yoh'-tahn), ver.; hamlet 1; m. S. N. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cota- of Catarman, Sámar. bato, Mindanao, S. of Sandy Pt. 516 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. GAMBANG (gahm-bung'); mountain in Abra, Lu- GARDINER, for.; low islands, outhernmost of zón. chain of 3, lying in NE. direction from Craw- GAMÚ (gah-moo'), nat.; pueblo on W. shore of ford Cove, fronting island Bay, SE. coast of Grande de Cagayán Riv., 2 m. below mouth S. Palawan. Aboabo hamlet lies on mainland of Magat and 8 m. SE. of Ilagan, in Isabela, opposite. Luzón. Pop., 6,101. GARDOQUI (gahr-doh'-key), Sp.; point on bank of - point on N. coast of Tayabas, Luzon, on mouth of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, on W. shore of Cotabato, Mindanao. Lamón Bay, in pueblo of Gumaca. -point on N. side of entrance to S. arm of GAN (gahn), ver.; bay between Culili Pt. and Ba- doc I., Ilocos Norte, Luzón, near N. boundary Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- of Ilocos Sur; Badoc is on its SE. shore. danao. GÁNDARA (gahn'-dah-rah), Sp.; pueblo on 1. GARELLANO (ga h-ray-lyah'-noh), Sp.; pueblo of bank of Bac-hao Bangahón, W. Sámar, 17 m. Dávao, Mindanao, 164 m. sw. by s. of Dávao. N. of Catbalogan. Pop., 15,563. GARGAY (gar-gi'), ver.; town in NE. Sámar. - military station and depot for stores on GARLIT (gahr-leet'). ver.; hamlet in Tarlac, San José branch of Gándara Riv., 8 m. above Luzón, lat. 15° 28' 30" N. Gándara by river. New nipa shacks built to GAROT (gah-rot'), ver.; hamlet in mountains of house troops and stores summer of 1901. NW. Antique, Panay, 4 m. W. of Pandar. GANDÍA (gahn-deel-ah), Sp.; town on bank of GARTAN (gahr'-tahn), river in pueblo of San Agusan Riv., 77 m. S. by E. of Butúan, Suri- Miguel, Pampanga, Luzón, tributary to Pinac gao, Mindanao. de Candaba. GANDOL (gun-dohl'), nat.; one of cluster of 4 GARZA (gar'-thah), Sp.; low, sandy, tree-covered islets about center of Tambiluanga Channel, island, 2 m. SW. of Buruncan Pt., S. coast of off NE. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. Mindoro, on SE. side of Pandarocan Bay. GANGA (gahn'-gah), Sp.; point at end of neck of - point on SW. coast of Marinduque, in land 2 m. long, separating Igan Bay on S. pueblo of Gasán. from port Santa Ana on N., on W. coast of GASAKAN (gah-sah'-cahn), nat.; point w. shore Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay. of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao, and S. GANIÁ (gah-neeah'), nat.; tributary of Bacat head of Malábug Bay. Riv., Cotabato, Mindanao. - hamlet on S. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, GANJAM (gahn-ham'), ver.; mountain in NW. on inlet on W. shore of entrance to Illana Leyte, 2 m. N. of Leyte. Bay. GANÓN (gah-non'), ver.; hamlet on Pitogo Bay GASÁN (gah-sahn'), ver.; mountain in Marin- between Tandikán and Tandu Pts., SE. duque. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A. - pueblo 2 m. inland on small river empty- GANOSI (gah-noh'-see) ver.; hamlet on SW. ing into sea on SW. coast of Marinduque I., shore of Lake Lanao, Misamis, Mindanao. 48 m. E. by S. of Calapán, Mindoro, across sea GANOY (gah-noy'), ver; lake in Sámar. - channel. Pop., 4,785. (Also Gazán.) GANTAGAY (gan-tah-gi'), ver.; point on SE. coast GASGAS (gas-gas), ver.; mountain of locos of Bohol, 2 m. SW. of Yagna. Norte, Luzón, in pueblo of Santiago. GANTÓN (gahn-tone'), Tag.; hamlet in Bulacan, GASPAR (ga hss-pahr'), Sp.; creek enters on r. Luzón, 20 m. N. of Bulacán. bank of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, GANTUNG (gan-toong'), ver.; mountain 5,868 ft. Cotabato, Mindanao. high in Central Cordillera of S. Palawan. - island of Tres Reyes grp., SW. of Marin- One of highest in range, extending from Man duque. talingahan Mt. NE, to parallel of 9° 10' N. GATA (gah-tah), Sp.; sierra in Sw. of Sorsogon, GAP, for.; range overlooking hills of Valley Cone, Luzón, inland from Bulán. on W. coast of Palawan. - island 350 ft. high, off NW. coast of Leyte, GAPÁN (gah-pahn'), Tag.; pueblo, road center, 20 m. W. of port of Dajá-Dacó. (Also Gato.) 3 m. E. of San Isidro, in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. - hamlet on tributary of Pulangui Riv., 31 Pop. 20,216. (Also Gapang.) m. within boundary between Cotabato and -- river in Luzón, tributary of Grande de Misamis, Mindanao. Pampanga Riv., in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. GATA, or BULAG (gah-tah, Sp.; boo-lag, nat.); GAPARANGO (gah-pah-rang'-oh), ver.; hamlet on point in SW. Sorsogon, Luzón. N. shore of Sámar, 2, m. SE. of Pambujan. GATABUCA (gah-tah-boo'-cah), ver.; hamlet in GAPÁS (gah-pahs'), Tag.; mineral spring in vi pueblo of Calumpit, Bulacan, Luzón. cinity of Balayán, Batangas, Luzón. GÁTANG (gah'-tang), nat., hamlet on S. shore of GAPASGAPAS (gah-pahs-gah'-pa hs), nat.; SE. Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. point islet off sw. shore Mactan I., Cebú, Vi- GATTARAN (gat-tah'-rahn), ver.; pueblo of sayas, 2 m. S. of Cebú. Cagayán, Luzón, on r. bank of Grande de GAPAY (ga-pi'), ver.; river in Mindanao. Cagayán Riv., and on main river and road to GAPÓ (gah-poh'), ver.; passage, NE. of Surigao, Tuguegarao, 33 m. S. Pop., 805. Mindanao. GATBAGOS (gat-bah'-gohs), ver.; mountain in GAPUS (gah'-poos), nat.: mountain 426 ft., its S. central NW. Leyte, 8 m. ENE. of Villaba. peak 472 ft. high, on shore of Sanig Bay and | GATBÓ (gat-beau'), ver.; village SE. of Sugot in Mandaón port, E. arm of Nin Bay, W. coast Albay, Luzon, Valuable layer of coal equal of Masbate, Visayas. in quality to Australian product has been GARAN (good-rahn), nat.; point, W. shore of Misa discovered. Sugot, port of outlet. mis port, Misamis, Mindanao, 8 m. SW. of | GATE (gah-tay), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of Bulán, Misamis Sorsogón, Luzón. GARANGDATO (gah-rang-dah'-toh), ver.; extreme | GATIMUYUD (gah-tee-moo-yood'), nat.; hamlet S. point of E. end of Sulu I., Sulu A. in pueblo of Candón, Ilocos Sur, Luzon. GARCÍA (gar-thee'-ah), Sp.; hamlet in W. Cápiz, GATO. or SUMANCABIBI (gah'-toh, soo-mahn- Panay, 3 m. S. of Jamindaos. kah-beel-bee), ver.; island off W. coast of - hamlet in central Cápiz, Panay, 41 m. SW. Masbate, Visayas, off Daijagan Pt. of Tapas. GAUI (gah'-oo-ee), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of Bol- GARCÍA HERNÁNDEZ (gar-thee-'ah ayr-nan' joon, Cebú. daith), Sp.; pueblo on S. coast of Bohol, 29 m. | GAUMASAN (gah-oo-mah'-sahn), ver.; hamlet in E. of Tagbilaran. Pop. 5,064. pueblo Tuao, Cagayán, Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 517 DINAGAT I. PORT GABÓ Surveyed under the direction of CAPTAIN CLAUDIO MONTERO. Spanish Navy 1864 Mt Caballete. Lat. 9:53:5 N. Long.125:43:20"E.(Approx.) -MF Cabalista 19 22 18 18 VARIATION. HLARLY .. 0°5 UTATIONARY 30 Cables op 1 Ser mile 518 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. GAUISAN (gah-00-ee'-sahn), ver.; mountain in extreme SW. corner of Leyte, 3 m. ESE. of Cajaguaán. GAUS (gah-oos'), ver.; island in NE. Bohol, 4 m. N. of Lapínin Grande. GAVET (gah-vet'), nat.; river entering at Pin- gano Pt., N. head of Gavet Bay, on NE.shore of Loog Bay, SE. arm of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. - bay on E. side of Loog Bay, SE. arm of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. GAVILAN (gah-vee-lahn'), Sp.; point on SW. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, between Ba- liuasan and San Mateo. GAVIOTA (gah-veeoh'-tah). Sp.; rock off NE. shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzon. GAY (gi), Sp.; island off entrance to port Dima- lansán, Isabela, Luzón. GAYAGAYA (gah-yah-gah'-yah), Tag.; hamlet in Bulacan, Luzón, 11 m. E. of Bulacán. CAYO (cah'-yoh), ver.; island among Taytay Is., S. of Tawi Tawi, Sulu A. GAZÁN, or BANO (gah-than', bah-'noh), ver.; point on SW. shore of Marinduque I., town of that name inland. GELABIOC (hay-lah-beock'), nat.; river entering outer channel on S. side of Sorsogon port, Sor- sogón, Luzón. GEMELOS (hay-may'-lohs) (means twins), Sp.; 2 rock islets 1 m. N. of Crawford Pt., 1, m. off extreme NW. shore of S. Palawan, - island off extreme NW. point of Paragua, Palawan. GENERAL (hay-nay-ral'), Sp.; largest and highest of cluster of 3 islands and several rocks of NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, off Capunuipu- gan Pt., 6 m. SE. of Tugas Pt., from which it is separated by deep narrow channel showing several rocks above water, including Triton rock and Anki islet, 2, m. to SE. Anchorage SW. of island near shore. - largest island, 2 by 2 m., of group of that name, of 4 islands-General, Tritón, Aukiri, Unamaa—and rocks lying NE. of Capunui- pugan Pt., off NE. coast of Mindanao, 5 m. SE. of Tugas Pt. GENURÚAN (hay-noo-rool-ahn), ver: island off NW. coast of Biliran I., N. of Leyte, opposite Cauayan hamlet. GEO (hay'-oh), ver.; town in Ambos Camarines, Luzón. GERONA (hay-roh-nah), Sp.: town at headwa- ters of smaller streams forming Agusan Riv., in S. part of Surigao, Mindanao, 91 m. SSE. of Butúan, and 162 m. SSE, of Surigao, in ex- treme N. end of district. - pueblo in Tárlac, Luzón, on Manila and Dagupan Railroad, 9 m. N. of Tárlac. Good road facilities. Pop., 9,261. GETAFE (hay-tah'-fay), Sp.; pueblo on coast road on extreme NW. end of Bohol, 41 m. NE. of Tagbilaran. Pop., 3,397. GIBAGNÁN (hee-bag-nahn') ver.; hamlet on SW. coast of Leyte, 1, m. N. of Matalom. GIBON (heel-bohn), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of Bu- túan, Surigao, Mindanao. GIBONG (heel-bong), ver.; river in central Suri- gao, Mindanao, formed by 2 branches rising in E. range, and entering into Pinayat Lake mo rinayat Lake on its N. shore. GIBUSON (hee-boo-sohn), ver.; island 41 m. NW. of Berrugosa Pt., off NW. coast of Dinagat I., N. of Surigao, Mindanao, 3 m. long NW. and SE., of irregular shape, and 21 sq. m. in extent. GIGANTANGAN (hee-gahn-tang'-ahn),ver.; island 2 m. in length and 7 m. wide, 2 m. off NW. point of Leyte. (Also Gigantangan.) GIGANTE NORTE, or SIBULAC BABAI (hee- gahn'-tay nohr'-tay, see-boo-lahk' bah'-bye), Sp., most N. of Gigantes Is., and second in size, is conspicuous landmark in sea chan- nel between Mindanao and S. Visayas and Verde Passage route to Manila. Light-house stands on its NE. point. (See Gigantes grp.) GIGANTES (hee-gahn'-tays), Sp.; group of 9 is- lands off extreme NE. point of Panay, as follows: Antonia, extreme S.; Balbagan, ex- treme W.; Bantigui, in SE.; Cabugao, in SE.; Sand, in SW.; Sibulac-Babae (N. Gigante); Sibulac-Lalake (S. Gigante); Tulumannaún, extreme SW.; Uaibajón, extreme NE. N. and S. Gigante, latter larger, have each 2 peaks. N. island lies 12 m. E. of Bulacaue, extreme NE. point of Panay. On NE. shore of N. Gigante is light-house marking ocean chan- nel across Visayan Sea between S. Visayan ls. and Mindanao and Verde Passage route to Manila. GIGÁQUIT (hee-gah'-kit), ver.; pueblo on NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 274 m. SE. of Surigao. Island of Bucás lies 12, m. across sea channel to E. Pop., 7,116. GIGOSO, or HIGOSO (hee-goh'-soh, or ee-goh'- soh), ver.; point and village on SW. coast of Sámar, 13 m. WNW. of Guiuan, on SW. shore an inlet which receives Quinapundan Riv., and ESE. of Balangiga. GIGÚAN (hee-gool-ahn), ver.; island SE. coast of Sámar. GIGUASAYAN (hee-gwah-sah'-yahn), ver.; river in Tayabas, Luzón, emptying into bay of Guinayangan. GILIGÁON (hee-lee-gah-ohn), ver.; small stream and hamlet at its mouth on SW. shore of Negros Occidental, 9 m. NW. of Siaton Pt. GILLANG (hee-lyahng'), ver.; hamlet in NE. Cotabato, Mindanao, in lat. 7° 14' 30" N., near Lanao boundary. GIM (him), ver.; river in Cebú. GIMAGDANAN (hee-mag-dah'-nun), ver.; moun- tain in Cebú. GIMALALUD (hee-mah-lah-lood'), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of Tayasan, Negros Oriental. GIMALIC (hee-mah-lick'); point 364 ft. high on S. shore of Iloilo Strait, NW. coast of Guima- rás I., opposite Iloilo, Panay. GIMANOC (hee-mah-nock'), nat.; island W. of Sámar. GIMENEZ (hee-may-nayth), Sp.; island off E. shore of Malabuctún I., off Maytiaguid I., off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. - pueblo in Misamis, Mindanao. GIMENO (hee-may'-noh), ver.; hamlet in Misamis, Mindanao. GIMOGÁN (hee-moh-gahn'), ver.; river in NW. part of Negros Occidental, emptying into sea on N. coast 3, m. SE. of Guimugahan Pt. GINAC (hee-nahck'), ver.; inlet on coast of Gui- marás I., off Iloilo, Panay. GINAMOC (hee-nah'-mock.), ver.; islet near S. coast of Sámar, lat. 11° 15' 30' N. GINÁTAG (hee-nah'-tag), nat.; hamlet in N. Sámar, near source of river emptying into Pacific Ocean at Bobón. GINATILAN (hee-nah-teel-lahn), ver.; river and pueblo at its mouth, on Strait of Tañón, SW. coast of Cebú, 65 m. SW. of Cebú. Hill of Tuburan is its landmark. Pop., 12,144. GINATÚAN (hee-nah-too'-ahn), ver.; largest island of group of that name, 3 by 2 m., 3 m. SE. of Dinagat I., off N. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. - pueblo in Surigao, Mindanao. Pop., 2,277. GINATÚAN, or GUNTÚAN (hee-nah-too'-ahn, goon-tool-ahn); group of islands between S. end of Dinagat I., fronting approach to Gipdo Passage, and NE. coast of Mindanao, distant 8 to 12 m., comprising Ginatúan, Bayalnán, Cabsugan, and smaller island. Channel be- GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 519 GINATÚAN, or GUNTÚAN-Continued. GOLO-Continued. tween first two is practicable for steamers. of Del Monte Pt., toward W. end of N. coast Channels on Mindanao side are not. of Mindoro. C. Santiago, SW. coast of Batan- - narrow and tortuous passage comprised gas, Luzón, lies 18 m. NE. by E. between NE. coast of Mindanao and S. points - "gilanga" in Lubang grp., off coast of Ba- of Dinagat and Bucás Is. Passage is ex tangas, Luzon, and NW. of Mindoro. tremely difficult on account of strength of - passage between extreme SE. end of Lu- current and tide whirls off S. end of Diná- bang I. on NW. and NW. point of Golo I. on gat I. SE., NW. of Mindoro. GINGOOG (hin-goh'-og), ver.; pueblo on shore of GOMAGAMOT (goh-mah-gah-moht'), nat.; creek bight on N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, be- emptying on SE. shore of Panguil Bay, SW. tween Diuata and Sipaka Hts., 44 m. NE. by end of Misamis Port, Misamis, Mindanao. N. of Cagayan de Misamis. Pop., 1,433. GÓMEZ (goh'-mayth), Sp.; bay and point on SW. - mountain in N. Mindanao. coast of Mindoro. (See Lalangan Bay.) GINIGARAN (hee-nee-gah'-rahn), ver.; pueblo GONDOL (gon-dawl'), nat.; verdure-clad island and river on E. shore of Guimarás Strait, in and mark for navigators in Nochebuena Negros Occidental, 29 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., Channel, E. of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. 13,620. GORDA (gohr-dah) (means fat), Sp.; point high- GINOBATAN (hee-noh-bah'-tahn), rat,; river en- est on coast, on E. shore of Tañon Strait, 3 m. tering on E. shore Barrera port, NE. coast N. of Barili, W. coast of Cebu. Masbate, Visayas. Peak 902 ft. high rises inland about 2 m. - point on S. coast of Bohol, 1 m. SW. of Gar- GINTIGIAN (hin-tee-hee'-ahn), nat.; river enter- cía Hernández. ing on SE. shore of Barrera port, NE. coast - point on W. shore of Ragay Gulf, 11 m. N. Masbate. by W. of Pasgo Pt., Tayabas, Luzón. GION (hee-on'), ver.; interior hamlet in S. part - point on E. shore of Macajalar Bay, N. of Basilan I., off S. coast of Zamboanga, Min- coast of Misamis, Mindanao. From Pt. danao. Bagacay N. coast of Mindanao trends to S., forming slight inflection with 8 towns on it. GIPDÓ (hip-doh'), ver.; island 1,030 ft. high, on At distance of 19 m.is Pt. Gorda, E. of 2 points E. side of Surigao Strait, between N. point of of that name on this coast. Surigao and Dinagat I., off N. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. - prominent head and point at extreme NW. land of Zamboanga, 31 m. SW. of terminus of - passage separating Dinagat I., off N. coast Sulu Sea coast boundary, between Zambo- of Surigao, Mindanao, from 2 islands to SW.. anga and Misamis, Mindanao. N. coast of about 400 yds. wide. S. entrance is at Port Mindanao, approaching from NE., here takes Gabo, and N. about 3, m. S. of Dinagat town. sudden s. trend to Pedruscos Pt., rounding About middleof this distance another channel thence to SE. into Basilan Strait to Zambo- branches off to WSW., separating 2 islands. anga. Coronada Pt. lies 6 m. to SE. Exposed GITALONG (hee-tah-long'), ver.; river on N. coast position of head causes monsoons to blow with of Negros Occidental, falling into sea at Cádiz great force off this part of coast. Nuevo. - point w. of Yucatán Pt., on Mayo Bay, E. GLAN (glahn), ver.; hamlet on SE. shore of Cana- coast of Davao, Mindanao. lasan Cove, Sarangani Bay, S. coast of Davao, - point in Bataan, Luzón, on N. shore of en Mindanao, 88 m. S. by W. of Davao; town, trance to Manila Bay. stands on bank of river, 2 m. from its mouth. Light is on S. side of entrance to river, 33 ft. - point in Batangas, Luzon. above sea, and may be seen at distance of 6 m. | GORITA (goh-ree'-tah), Sp.; hamlet on 1, bank of GLAN-MASILA, (glahn-mah-see-lah'), ver.; river Abra Riv. in Abra, Luzón, 5 m. SW. of Ban- entering Canalasan Cove at Glan, on SE. gued. shore of Sarangani Bay, S. coast of Dávao, GORLAN (gohr -lahn), ver.; hamlet in SE. Cota- Mindanao. Light is located at S. side of river bato, Mindanao. Region in vicinity is ex- entrance for navigators entering bay. (See tremely mountainous and important deposits Canalasan Bay.) of iron are reported. GLUBANG (gloo-bang'), ver.; important river GOROA (goh-roh'ah), ver.: point on extreme SE. rising in NE. slopes of central range of Ne- coast of Calamián I., Calamianes grp., NE. of gros, near Mt. Dumagsaya, and emptying into Paragua, Palawan. sea at Calatrava. GORRIÓN (goh-rree-ohn'), Sp.; islet in Boca Engañosa, off W. shore of Burias I., Luzón. GOA (goh'-ah), ver.; pueblo in E. part of Ambos Camarines (Sur), on main road 20 m. E. of GOSO (goh'-soh), ver.; hamlet in S. central Sá- Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 7,748. mar, near headwaters of Ulut Riv. - town in island of Sámar. GOTTA (got'-tah), ver.; hamlet of Concepción, Noilo, Panay, at E. point of entrance to bay GOAT, for.; island on NE. side of Cook Channel, on S. coast. Dumarán I., off Paragua, Palawan. (See GOVENÉN (gau-vav-navn') ver. 2 conical is. Mayabacan.) lands-Great, 308 ft. high, and Little, 59 ft. - small island W. of NW. point of Ibugos I., high-on E. side of Moluso Bay, w. by S. of Batanes grp, off N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. mouth of Moluso Riv., W. coast Basilan I., S. (See Déquez.) of Zamboanga, Mindanao. GOÁTIG (goh-ah'-tig), ver.; mountain in W. | GRACIA (grah'-thee-ah), Sp.: town on r. bank of range of Panay, on line of boundary between headwaters of river entering Sadocun Lake in Antique and Iloilo. S. Surigao, Mindanao, 55 m. S. by W. of Butúan GRANADA (grah-nah'-dah), Sp.; hamlet on E. GOGO (goh'-goh), nat.; point on NE. coast of coast road of Cebú, 2 m. s. of Boljo-on. Iloilo, Panay, at S. entrance to Bacul Bay, N. GRAND CORDILLERA. (See Cordillera Grande.) of Estancia. - hamlet on NE. coast of Concepción, Iloilo, - pueblo of Negros Occidental, 6 m. SE. of Panay, 2 m. SE. of Carlés. Bacolod. Pop. 2,864. GOLO (goh'-loh), ver.; high, narrow strip of land GRANDE (grahn'-day), Sp.; river emptying into 87 m. WNW. to ESE., southeasternmost of Matnog Gulí, SE. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón. Lubang Is., off NW. point of Mindoro, and -island 167 ft. high, 1 m. from N. to S. and separated from name island of group to WNW. less E. to W. in entrance to Subic Bay, Zam- by channel 2,880 ft. SE. point bears 8 m. N. bales, Luzon, S. point of island. On July 8, 520 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. GRANDE-Continued. 1898, several vessels of United States squadron took possession of this island, German gun- boat Irene which had been holding commu- nication with natives suddenly left bay. - point on NE. shore of Camasusu I., S. head to N. entrance to Loog Bay, W. coast of Mas- bate, Visayas. GRANDE, RÍO (ree'-oh gran'-day), Sp.; river of Mindanao, large volume of which stream has its origin in Bulúan Lake near SE. boundary of Cotabato with Dávao, Mindanao, finding its outlet in narrow channel, pursues course of 12 m.to NW., where it enters Liguasan Lagoon, NW. outlet of which in 2 streams forms source of Grande Riv. of Mindanao. Uniting 8 m. farther on its course, after pursuing distance of 12 m., river again divides, forming delta, r. arm of stream passing Cotabato capital, reaches sea at Paiuan. Left arm has its outlet S. of Timaco I. GRANJA, LA, or GUINTÁS (lah grahn -hah, geen'- táhs), Sp.; hamlet on W. coast of S. Antique, Panay, 3 m. S. of Antique. GRAN LAJA (grahn lah'-hah), Sp.; islet | m. off Palaui I., E. of Hermanos I., off NE. coast of Luzón, square steep, mass of lava about m. in extent which may be seen 27 m, at sea. GRAVELINAS (grah-vay-lee'-nahs), Sp.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, 4 m. S. of Bangued. GRAY, for.; E. entrance to Dalrymple Harbor, NE. coast Sulu I., Sulu A. GREEN, for.: islet at entrance to W. crater on Cagayan Sulu I., Cagayan Sulu grp., distant about 1 m. - island, Calamianes grp., N. off Paragua, Palawan. (See Nalaut.) point on S. side of Langcán port, E. shore of Dumarán I., off E. coast of Paragua, Pala- wan. GREEN; 2 islands, N. and S., lying near shore to- gether, 4 m. in length. Country inland is very bold. N. are 2 smaller islands, Reinard. (See Bold Peak.) GREEN HILL, for.; point on SW. Leyte shore, 12 m. SW. of Bató. GREEN ISLANDS, for., or ISLAS VERDES (ees'- lahs vayr'-days), Sp.; bay NE. of Green Is., with several low coral islands, SE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. GREEN, NORTH AND SOUTH, for.; islands 6 m. E. of Johnson I., SE. coast of Paragua, Pala- wan. (See Verde Is.) - expansive bight on E. coast, Palawan, and strewn with many islets. GUADALUPE (gwah-dah-loo-peh), Sp.; hamlet on W. coast of Leyte, 2 m. N. of Inopacan. - hamlet in W. Cápiz, Panay, 1 m. S. of Libacao. - hamlet in Rizal, Luzón, on l. bank of Pásig Riy., 5 m. SE. of Manila. hamlet in pueblo of San Miguel, Cebú. - town on r. bank of Agusan Riv., Surigao, Mindanao, 16 m. S. by E. of Butuan. - hamlet at mouth of Nabincalan Riv., 7 m. S. of Calatrava, E. coast of Negros Occidental; end of N. divisional line between Oriental and Occidental Negros touches sea 2 m. SW. of this hamlet, or 8 m. SW. of Calatrava, Negros Occidental, and 5. m. NE, of Hebayo, Negros Oriental. GUADI (gwah'-dee), nat.; river emptying on NW. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzon, W. side of Súbic. GUAGUA (gwah'-gwah), ver.; pueblo in Pam- panga, Luzón, at head of one of main chan- nels of Pampanga delta, 21 m.sw. of Bacolor, port of Bacolor, and in direct water commu- nication with Manila. Pop., 10,722. GUAM (UNITED STATES). (Goo-ahm', nat.). [One of the Mariana or Ladrone Islands. An insular Pacific outpost of the Philippine Archipelago.] Capital: Sta. Cruz Fort (S. Luis d'Apra), lat. 13° 25' 45' N., lon. 144° 39' 28" E. Area: 224 sq. m. Population: Cn. 1887, 8,353; approximately, 1901, 9,000. Race: Chamorros, intermixed with Tagalog and Spanish. Language: A mixed dialect of Tagalog and Spanish. Naval station of the Asiatic fleet, United States of America. Table of distances. m . From Guam (San Luis d'Apra) to Hongkong (British), China..... Honolulu (United States) ........ Manila (United States), N. route .. Manila (United States), S. route.. Midway Islands....... Nagasaki, Japan...... Pellew Islands (Germany) Samoa (United States). Shanghai, China... Yokohama, Japan. 1,823 3,337 1,750 1, 506 3, 302 1, 440 710 3,097 .. 1,700 .. 1,342 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The United States island of Guam, Guahan, or Guajan, lat. 13° 25' 45' N., lon. 144º 397 28" E. (Santa Cruz, Fort San Luis d'Apra), is the largest and southernmost of the Maria, Mariana, Ladrone, or Robber Is. of the Micronesian chain of N. Pacific groups. It lies 21° (1,260 naut. m., 1,460 stat. m.) E. of the San Bernardino Strait light. The nearest land of the Philippine Archipelago is the Visayan island of Sámar (Binu- Cajon blu Pows who row GUÁM OR GUAJAN ISLAND Cras lart (S.1 2.dps/ Lu 26.6K Long 3 18 THE CORRISPETERS.CO. PHOTO UTI. WASHIOTONO S Doc 28.0 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 521 gayan Pt.), near the mouth of the Orás Riy. It occupies the strategic center of a semicircle of radius W. with Yokohama, Japan, 1,342 naut. m. to the N., and Torres Strait, York C., N. Australia, 1,380 naut. m. to the S. China and Indo China and Dutch possessions in Asia form the W. mainland and archipelagoes fronted by the NW. and S. coastline of the Philippine Is. The remaining 12 smaller islands of the Mariana group, between lat. 14° 5' and 21° N., lon. 144º and 146° E., for a money consideration paid to Spain by Germany, have been transferred to the pro- tection of the latter power. The nearest of these islands to Guam is Rota I., 800 ft. high, 30 naut. m. (34) st. m.) NNE. AREA. The island is 32 st. m. N. by E. to S. by W., and 9 m. E. and W., extreme measurements. Area, 224 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. m Agaña, aboance, and Tin Kopast. The shore excellent, wi The N. part of the island rises to a summit upward of 1,000 ft. high, known as Santa Rosa. From Agaña, about the center, to Merizo, in the SW., a range of low elevations-Pacpac, Reconnaissance, and Tin Kio, the latter a landmark for San Luis d'Apra—follows, a few miles inland, the W. coast. The shore is generally rocky, except on the SE., where it is low and coral. The climate is excellent, with two seasons, the rainfall being distributed throughout the year. Destructive typhoons sometimes visit the island and occasionally an earthquake. sa few miles inlar, and Tin Kio, the main the sw., a BAYS AND HARBORS. The coasts of Guam are indented by a number of fine bays and harbors, as follows: San Luis d'Apra, or Caldera; on the W. coast, the finest harbor in the entire archipelago, is 3 naut. m. NE. to SW. at the entrance and 3 m. from N. to S., formed by the Oroté Pen. on the S. and Apa or Cabras I. on the N., the latter affording shelter. The bay has from 4 to 27 fms., with good anchorage. Fort Santa Cruz occupies a small island about the center of the inner harbor. In 1899 the U.S. S. Bennington made a survey of the harbor. Atatano and Abo are coves on the E. and S. shores of this port. Pago, Ylic, Tarofofo, Ynarajan (Inarajan) on the E., Ajayan and Merizo on the S., and Umata, Agata, Agaña, Tumun, and Falcón bays on the W. afford anchorages more or less exposed. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The transportation of the export products of the island to San Luis d'Apra, the point of steamer call, is generally by native craft. There are also a few good roads, one extending from the landing of Apra across the neck of the Oroté Pen. to Ayat Bay, about 1 m. S. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The Spanish census of 1887 gives the aggregate of population represented by the pueblos of Guam I., men, 4,053; women, 4,300; total, 8,353; estimated increase to 1900, 647; total, 9,000. The Spanish census figures for 1887 for the 13 islands of the group now under German protection are: Rota, 491; Saipan, 836; Tinian, 234; total, 1,611. Total for the group, 9,964. The United States has upward of one-half the area and about 84 per cent of the population of the former jurisdiction of Spain in this archipelago. The aboriginal inhabitants were of the Chamorro Indonesian stock, now almost lost in a fusion of Tagálog and Spanish. The language is a Malayan dia- lect, modified by Tagalog and Spanish. There are 4 pueblos with a number of sur- Cinding villages. thes shore of the bay of that name helter in the NE. Agaña, chief town, lies on the S. shore of the bay of that name, about 9 naut. m. via Tepungan Sound, N. of San Luis d'Apra. Alupan I. affords shelter in the NE. angle. It is a town of considerable local trade, well situated at the mouth of a small river, and well built. Pop., 1887, men, 3,021; women, 3,164; total, 6,185. Ayat; on the E. shore of bay of the same name, W. coast, 8 m. SW. of Agaña and 1 m. S. of San Luis d'Apra, the Oroté Pen. separating it from the important port of that name on the N. An extensive trade overland is carried on over the highway which connects the two towns. Pop., 1887, men, 553; women, 572; total, 1,125. 522 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Inarajan, or Ynarajan; 14 m. S. of Agaña, on the bay of that name, SE. coast, and includes the villages of Agfayan Bay, on the S. Pop., 1887, men, 179; women, 218; total, 397. Merizo; 16 m. SSW. of Agaña, SW. coast, on the port of that name. Cocoa I. forms a shelter to the SW. Pop., men, 303; women, 346; total, 649. Pago; on the port of that name, about the center of the E. coast; is included in the pueblo of Inarajan, 5 m. SE. of Agaña, across the island. San Luis d'Apra; lies in a cove in the extreme SE. of the fine bay of that name, 8 m. SW. of Agaña. A road extends S. across the neck of the peninsula from the town to Ayat Bay. It is the chief commercial port of the island, on account of its fine bay. It is included in the district of Agaña. Tepungan; on the sound of that name, W. coast, between San Luis d'Apra and Agaña. Ylic; on the bay of that name, in the pueblo of Inarajan, E. coast, 7 m. S. of Agaña. A number of villages stretch along the coast the entire circuit of the island; the inhabitants being engaged in raising the necessaries of life and fishing. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The following islets lie off the coast: Agrigan; at the entrance to Ajayan port, SE. coast. Aloupan, or Alutung; off Bangue Pt., W. coast. Alupan; in the N. waters of Agaña Bay. Anaya; N. of Faxpi Pt., W. coast. Bali; off the NE. point of Cocoa I., between it and the SW. mainland. Cabra; in the NE, opening of San Luis d'Apra port, W. coast. Cocoa; off the SW. shore, and forms port Merizo, with the mainland.. Faxpi; off the point of that name, W. coast. Gapán; off Assan Pt., W. coast. Peladgi; in the opening of Ayat (Agat) Bay, W. coast. Tchiaoude; off the S. coast, opposite Liquan Pt. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The cultivation of the soil is devoted to the raising of maize, sugar cane, potatoes, yams, and other products of agriculture for home consumption. A few cocoanuts are also grown. MINERALS. The island presents no indications of mineral deposits. FORESTS. While the N. and W. portions are wooded, the timber is of value only for building purposes after the style of the island. FRUITS. Bananas and oranges and a few pineapples are grown. INDUSTRIES. The mechanical industries are confined to the rudest arts of weaving of home products. UNITED STATES OCCUPATION. The island was discovered by Magellan in 1531, occupied by Spain in 1688, and renamed Marianne (Mariana), after the Empress Marie Anne, of Austria. During the war between the United States and Spain, June 21, 1898, the commanding officer of the U. S. S. Charleston received the formal surrender of the island. It was included in the territory ceded to the United States under the Treaty of Paris Decem- ber 10, 1898, and since has been a port of call for vessels between the United States and Manila. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 523 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The affairs of the island are administered by a governor assigned from the United States Navy. GUANGO (gwahn'-goh), nat.; point on SE. shore GUIJALO (gee-hah'-law), ver.; inlet in Ambos of entrance to Pujada Bay, SE. coast of Dá Camarines (Sur), Luzón. yao, Mindanao, opposite N. point of Pujada I. | GUIJULUGAN (gee-hoo-loo'-gahn), ver.; pueblo GUANGÚAN (gwahn-goo'-ahn), nat.; point on NE. and river of Negros Oriental emptying into shore of Pujada Bay, SE. coast of Dávao, strait of Tañón, on which it is situated, E. Mindanao, and N. head of estuary and river coast, 42 m. SE. of Bacolod and 13 m. across entering bay at this point. sea channel, NW. of Dumangue, W. coast of - long peninsula on E. coast of Dávao, Min Cebú. Pop., 7,006. (Also Guihuljugan.) danao, separating Mayo Bay on N. from Pu- GUILAMGAN (gee-lahm'-gahn). ver.: hamlet in jada Bay on S. Terminates at Lamigan Pt. pueblo of Dancalan, Negros Oriental, GUASÁN (gwah-sun'), ver.; mountain in N. Ben GUILBAY (geel-by'), ver.; point on N. side of guet, Luzón. Catabanga Bay, Ambos Camarines Norte), GUAY (gwi), nat.; low point on extreme SE. Luzón, E. shore Ragay Gulf. coast of Davao, Mindanao, and N. headland GUILHUNGAN (geel-hoong'-ahn), ver.; pueblo to E. entrance to Sarangani Strait. and stream in Negros Occidental emptying -bay on coast of Bataan, Luzón; place of on its N. border, on S. shore of Guimarás refuge for vessels waiting for fair wind to Strait, 50 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop. of town, Cn. enter Manila Bay. 1887, 2,375. GUBAN, BAJO DE (bah'-hoh day goof-bahn), GUILONG (gee-long'), yer.; mountain hamlet in Hisp.; point on S. shore of Sorsogon port, Sor- central range, SW. Leyte, 6 m. E. by S. of sogon, Luzón. Matalom. GÚBAT (goo'-baht), nat.; bay 12 m. N. of Bulusan, - point on NE. shore of Lugbung I., W. of on E. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. Romblon, Visayas. - pueblo on E. shore of Sorsogon, Luzón, on GUILUTUGAN (gee-loo-too'-gahn), ver.; islet in NW. side of port of that name, near tongue of gulf of Asid, 10 m. off Bary Pt., W. coast of land which divides bay in 2 parts. Manila Masbate I., Visayas. steamers call 11 m. SE. of Sorsogón. Pop., GUIMAMPAG (gee-mahm-pahg'); point on E. 13,359. Waters formerly were infested by coast of Negros Oriental, in pueblo of Tanhay. pirates who not only pillaged town and ter- GUIMANÁN (gee-mah-nahn'), ver.; point at ex- rorized region but carried off fishermen as treme of projection of land forming bay of captives. Dasol, on coast of Zambales, Luzon. GUBATAN (goo-bah'-tahn), ver.; hamlet in S. GUIMARÁS (gee-mah-rass'), ver.; island 26. m. Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, $m. N. of Aquí. NE. to SW., and 12 m. E. to w. in front of GUERNICA (gayr'-nee-cah), Sp.; pueblo on r. bank Iloilo and forms with Panay I. strait of of river entering Davao Gulf, w. shore Min- Iloilo, 5 m, wide at its entrance at N. end, danao, 12 m. WNW. of Dávao. and 25 m. wide at sw. entrance, its narrowest GUGÁN (goo-gahn'), ver.; hamlet on SE. coast of channel being 1 m. between Iloilo and Na- Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. SE. of Leganés. gaba. On E. it is separated from Negros by strait of Guimaras, its entrance at N. end of GUIA (gee'-ah) Sp.; hamlet in NE. Cápiz, Panay, island 15 m., and at S. end 20 m., narrowest on tributary of Mayón, 2, m. E. of that town. part of channel 7 m. between Pandan Pt., W. GUIANASAN (gee-ah-nah'-sahn), ver.; mountain coast of Negros, and nearest shore of Gui- in Biliran I., N. of Leyte. marás, opposite Mountain range extends GUIANG, or GUINJANG (gee-ahng', geen-hahng'), along E. coast in which summits of Jaljat, ver.; islet im. SE.of Siargao I., NE.of Surigao, Pandán, and Akdan are visible across Guima- Mindanao, and off town of Cabuntug. rás Strait from opposite shore of Negros. W. slope is open and fertile, gradually descend- GUIBANDÁN (gee-bahn-dahn'), ver.; mountain ing to shore of Iloilo Strait. With exception on E. shore of Leyte, 4 m. $. of Tacloban. of distance of 10 m. between Alegría and Santo GUIBARRA (gee-bah'-rrah), sp.; inland hamlet Guisi, island coast is completely paralleled in Sw. Cotabato, Mindanao, 18 m. SW. by S. of by fine highway, at no point over 2 m.inland, Cotabato. and along which lie important towns of Nagaba and Buenavista and number of ham- GUIBAUAN (gee-bah-wahn), ver.; town in Basí- lets. SE. coast is bordered by number of lan I., N. of Leyte. small islands which render approach from - mountain in Basilan I., N. of Leyte, known that direction dangerous. Igam Bay and also as Lamutun. Port Santa Ana on W. coast are among an- GUIBUNGAN (gee-boong'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on chorages along coast. NW. coast of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay. - strait between Negros, E., and Panay, W., - pueblo in Benguet, Luzón. Pop., 685. 7 m. wide at its narrowest between points. Passage, however, is reduced to 1 m. by GUICALOLOAN (gee-cah-loh-loh'-ahn) ver.; small islands of Inampulugan, Lalunga, and mountain in Sámar. Nadalao. GUIDADALAO (gee-dah-dah-lah'-aw), nat.; point GUIMBÁ (geem-bah'), ver.; hamlet near N. shore on SE. shore and E. head of Panguil Bay, SW.end of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao, of Lake Lanao, Misamis, Mindanao. 6 m. SW. by S. of Misamis. - river and village N. side, on N. shore of GUIDAFÍN (gee-dah-feen'), ver.; hamlet on W. Polloc Harbor, Cotabato, Mindanao. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, 4 m. . by E. - cove SW. angle of Calandórang Bay, W. of of Quidapil Pt. Balábac I. GUIGAAMÓN (gee-gah-ah-mohn'), ver.; point in GUIMBÁ, SAN JUAN DE (sahn whahn day geem- Cebu. bah'), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of Tarlac, GUIGUIBINAN (gee-gee-beel-nahn), ver.; hamlet Luzón. 54 m. S. of Catarman, Sámar. GUIMBAL (geem-bahl'), ver.; pueblo, port, and GUIGUINTÓ (gee-geen-toh'), Tag.; pueblo on e point on SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 17 m. W.of Manila and Dagupan Railroad in Bulacan, Iloilo. Pop. of pueblo, 10,958. Luzón, 2 m. N. of Bulacán. Pop., 5.115. GUIMBALAON (geem-bah-lah'-on), ver.; pueblo GUIHALINAN (gee-hah-lee'-nahn), ver.; point in on r. bank of Samayas Riv., 9 m. NE. of Bacó- E. Tayabas, Luzon. lod, Negros Occidental. 524 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. GUIMBÁN (geem-bahn'), ver.: river in Ambos GUINAYANGAN (gee-nah-yahng'-ahn), Tag.; Camarines (Sur), Luzon, tributary to Lago pueblo at E. terminus, on head of Ragay noy, and flowing E. empties into Lagonoy Gulf, of highway across head of Tayabas Bay. Pen., Luzon, beginning at Tayabas, capital, GUIMBANGAN (geem-bang'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in thence proceeding NW. to Laguna de Bay Antique, Panay, 3 m. E. of San José de Buena- and Manila, and E. through Tayabas towns of Pagbilao, Atimonan, Gumaca, and López vista. to Guinayangan; total distance from Tayabas GUIMBARÓTOG (geem-bah-roh-tog), ver.; moun- 46 m. From Guinayangan highway contin- tain in extreme NW. Cápiz, Panay, 4 m. E. of ues around N. shore of Ragay Bay and thence Buruanga. entire length of Ambos Camarines and Albay, GUIMPALIDAN (geem-pah-lee-dahn'), ver.; ham- terminating at Albay, provincial capital, dis- let in E. central Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. N. by W. tance of upward of 100 m. Pop., 2,000. Ward of Calinog Catimo is its business center. GUIMPUNNAN (geem-poon'-nahn), ver.; point on GUINBÍ (geen-bee'), ver.; mountain in Sw. E. coast of Sámar, 11° 7' 30" N. Bohol, 3 m. SE. of Sevilla. GUIMUGAHAN (gee-moo-gah'-hahn), ver.; point GUINBUANGAN (geen-bwang'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on N. coast of Negros Occidental, 4 m. ENE. of on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 5 m. NE. of Cádiz Nuevo. Panay. GUINA-ANG (gee-nah-ahng'), ver.; one of larger GUINDAHAÁN (geen-dah-hah-ahn'), ver.; moun- of many small towns of Bontoc, Luzón, 9 m. tain in Leyte. from Bontoc. Pop., 1,071. GUINDANAN (geen-dah'-nahn), ver.; point in is- GUINABARANAN (gee-nah-bah-rah'-nun), ver.; land of Daram, W. of Sámar. point in NW. Sámar. GUINDUGANAN (geen-doo-gah'-nahn), ver.; point GUINABASAN (gee-nah-bah'-sahn), ver.; hamlet 6 m. S. of Cueva Pt., Burias I., Masbate grp. and river on W. coast of Cebú, 6 m. N. of GUINDULMAN (geen-dool-mahn), ver.; pueblo at Asturias. head of inlet of same name on SE. shore of GUINABASAN, or BUEKABRIGO (gee-nah-bah' Bohol. S. coast road begins at this point, 43, sahn, ver.; bwayn-ah-bree'-goh, Sp.): point in m. E. of Tagbilaran. Pop., 8,063. W. Cebú. - mountain in island of Cebú. GUINAD (gee-nahd'), ver.; point on S. shore of en- GUINGAPUGAN (geen-gah-poo'-gahn), ver.; ham- trance to Igam Bay, coast of Guimarás I., off let on S. shore of SE. Sámar, 4 m. SE. of Quina- Iloilo, Panay. pundan. GUINAGABO (gee-nah-gah'-boh), ver.; hamlet GUINGUI (geen'-gee), Tag.; mountain in NW. near N. coast of Negros Occidental, 2 m. E. Luzón. of Cádiz Nuevo. GUINHALINÁN (geen-hah-lee-nahn'), Tag.; point GUINAGAUÁN (gee-nah-gah-wahn'), nat.; town on W. shore of Ragay Bay, Tayabas, Luzón. in E. Leyte, on Dagam road, 6 m. SW. of GUINAANDANG (geen-hahn-dahng'), ver.; moun- Tanauan. tain in NE. Leyte. GUINAGDONG (gee-nahg-dong'), nat.: point and river W. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, GUINIBÍAN (gee-nee-bee'-ahn), ver.; mountain Mindanao, 31 m. SW. of Misamis. in Bohol, Visayas. - point on NE. shore of Masbate I., 10 m. GUINJANG (geen-hang'), ver.; islet off SE. coast across channel, SW. by S. of extreme point of of Siargao I., NE. of Surigao, Mindanao, oppo- Burias I., Visayas. site Cabuntug town. (See Guiang.) GUINAGUANAN (gee-nah-gwah'-nahn), ver.; bay GUINLÁ (geen-lah'), ver.; hamlet on SW. shore on S. coast of Bohol, immediately E. of an- of Malampaya Bay, NW. Paragua, Palawan, chorage of Loay. 85 m. NE. by E. of Puerto Princesa. GUINALANAN (gee-nah-lah'-nahn), ver.; hamlet GUINLABAGAN (geen-lah-bah'-gahn), ver.; islet on coast of Guimarás Strait, 2 m. N. of Mina- in gulf of Asid, 8 m. W. of Bary Pt., W. coast lúan, Negros Occidental. of Masbate I., Visayas. GUINALINAN (gee-nah-lee'-nahn), ver.; hamlet GUINLABO (geen-lah'-boh), ver.; islet 1. m. off on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 1. m. N. of S. shore of Agutaya I., Cuyos grp., 3 m, SSW. Barbaza. of Agutaya, Mindoro Sea. GUINAMBÁN (gee-nam-bahn'). ver.: NW. point GUINLANAGAN (geen-lah-nah'-gahn), ver.; town of San Miguel I., off E. shore of Albay, Lu- in SE. Leyte. zón; across channel 1 m. wide, communi | GUINLANTUYAN (geen-lahn-tool-yahn), ver.; cating between Lagonoy Gulf on N. and point in island of Daram, off w. coast of Tabaco Bay on S., and is extreme NW. point 1 Sámar. of chain of important dependent islands 31 GUINLAON (geen-lah-on'), ver.; hamlet on N. m. in extent, trending SE, to Ungay Pt., SE. shore of Port Sorsogón, in Sorsogon, Luzón, extreme of Rapu Rapu; between Lagonoy E. of Sorsogon. Gulf on N. and Albay Bay on S. GUINLAPAÁN (geen-lah-pah-ahn'), ver.; moun- GUINANUG (gee-nah-noog'), ver.; point on E. tain in E. Bohol, 5 m. NE. of Batuanán. coast of Sámar, 4 m. SE. of Sorongon Pt. GUINLATUYAN (geen-lah-too'-yahn), ver.; point GUINAON (gee-nah-ohn'), ver.; pueblo in Bon on W. coast of Daram I., on Daram Channel, toc, Luzón. Pop., Cn. 1887, 679. off W. coast of Sámar. GUINÁPAC (gee-nah'-pack), ver.; 2 tower-like GUINLEPEN (geen-lay'-pen), ver.; islet off SE. rocks 10 m. E. by S. of N. point of Camiguin coast of Calamián I., Calamianes grp., 2 m. S. I. of Babuyanes grp. U. S. S. Charleston, of Calisin Pt., N. of Paragua, Palawan. struck on this cluster of rocks 5.30 a. m. No- vember 2, 1899, and was total loss. (See Cami- GUINLUTHAGAN (geen-loot-hah'-gahn), ver.; islet in gulf of Asid, 7 m. W. of Malbug Pt., Masbate I., Visayas. GUINARENO (gee-nah-ray'-noh), ver.; hamlet in GUINOAHOBANGA (gee-noh-ah-hoh-bang'-ah), E. Leyte on main road, 2 m. S. of Dagam I. ver.; hamlet in E. Sámar, 5 m. WNW. of Bo- GUIXARUN (gee-nah'-roon), nat.; river entering rongan. on SE. shore of Palánog port, NW. coast of GUINOBATAN (gee-noh-bah'-tahn), nat.; pueblo Masbate I., Visayas. in Albay, Luzón, on 1. bank of Inaya Riv., 9 GUINAUAYAN (gee-nah-wah'-yahn), ver.; islet off m. W. by N. of Albay and 41 m. SE. of Ligao. SW. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. Pop., 20,500. guin I.) GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, 525 EAST COAST OF LUZON PORT GUBAT. oma ketch survey in 1895 Captain E Garcia y Zabala. Lat. 12 55 (452N, Long 124°12' (00E. Dancalan Pt 88 Arena Pt Range rock droak GUBAT LUGU VARIATION KLARLY 99.0°42'L. (1901 STATIONARY À 62 w.ITRUS). breako MIRaha so adical 526 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. GUINOBATAN: town of about 10,000 inhabitants GUITIGUITIN, or SIBUYAN (gee-tee-gee-teen', on banks of Quinali Riv., in Ambos Camar see-boo-yahn'), ver.; mountain in Sibuyan I., ines, Luzón, Romblon grp., Visayas. - river in Masbate I., Visayas. GUITUAGAN (gee-twah-gahn), ver.; hamlet at GUINOJOAN (gee-noh-hoh'-ahn), nat.; point ex- NW. headwaters of Bac-hao Bangáhon Riv., treme SE. of Lugbung I., W. of Romblon, in SW. Sámar. Visayas, and W. head to Romblon port from S. | GUIUADNON (gee-wad-nohn'), ver.; river enter- GUINOLABAAN (gee-noh-lah-bah'-ahn), ver.; ing sea on NE. coast of Negros Occidental, 4 mountain in central range of S. Leyte, 10 m. m. S. of Escalante. SE. of Albuera. GUIUAN (geel-wahn), ver.; peninsula in Sw. Sá- GUINSILITAN (geen-see-leel-ton), ver.; pueblo in mar. Near edge of reef several sulphur Misamis, Mindanao. Pop., 1,875. springs, covered at high water, gush forth but are not brackish. Town of Guiuan is near by. GUINTACAN (geen-tah'-cahn), ver.; island 4 m. N. and S., and 14 m. E. and W., 10 m. NW. of - pueblo and port, lat. 11° 1' 30" N., lon. 1250 Medellín, on NW. coast of Cebú. 33' 14" E., on extreme S. coast of Sámar, with church and 2 flat-topped hills as landmarks, GUINTAGBUCÁN (geen-tag-boo-cahn'), ver.; la- and anchorage in 4 to 7 fms. Good typhoon goon on E. shore of Leyte, 1 m. N. of Abuyog, anchorage for vessels drawing 15 ft. behind through which river outflow of Bito Lake, 31 an unnamed island from Tubabao I. Chan- m. inland, reaches sea. nel carries 10 fms. to small islet N. of island, GUINTAHAN (geen-tah’-hahn), ver.; river of Ne then 4 fms. 78 m. SE. of Catbalogan. Higoso gros Occidental. (See Guisán.) Pt. lies 13 m. WNW. Pop., 11,311. GUINTÁS (geen-tass'), ver.; hamlet on W. coast GUIUANON (gee-wah-non'), ver.; island, 2 m. NW. of S. Antique, Panay. (See Granja, La.) to SE., 14 m. off S. coast of Guimarás I., off GUINTIGAN (geen-teel-gahn), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, I m. S. of Carlés. - point and hamlet 2, m. NE., on E. shore of GUINTIGUAN (geen-tee-gwáhn), ver.: hamlet strait of Tañón, W. coast of Cebú, S. side of and bay on E. coast of Tablas, Visayas, in entrance to bay of Matutinao. Romblon grp. GUJANGAN (goo-hang'-ahn), yer.; small low GUINTIGUÍAN (geen-tee-geel-ahn), ver.; hamlet island off NE. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A. on E. coast of Sámar, 3) m. S. of Borongan. GULA (goo'-lah), Sp.; hamlet on 1. bank of Grande GUINTÍN (geen-teen'), ver.; point on NE. coast of de la Pampanga Riv., in Pampanga, Luzon, Taal Bay, Batangas, Luzón. 13 m. NE. of Bacolor. GUINTINÚA (geen-tee-noo'-ah), ver.; second in GULANYALAN (goo-lahn-yah-lahn), ver.; moun- size, 2 by 5 m., of Calaguas Is., N. of Ambos tain of Sorsogon, in pueblo of Bulán, Luzón. Camarines Norte), Luzón, in S. approach to GULAYAN (goo-lah-yahn), nat.; river in Bohol, | Lamón Bay. Visayas. GUINTO (geen'-toh), ver.; stream in pueblo of GULOS (goo'-laws), ver.; mountain group in SW. Batangas, province of same name, lat. 13° spur of Gran Cordillera Central, in Abra, 35/50" N. Luzón. GUINTULAN (geen-tool-lahn), nat.; point on SW. GUMACA (goo-mah-cah), Tag.; pueblo on S. shore coast of Sảmar, on W. side of Basey. An islet of bay 26 m. E. of Tayabas, in that province, lies in channel off point. Luzón, on high way between towns on head GUINTUNGAUAN (geen-toong-ah-wahn), ver.; of Tayabas on W. and Ragay Gulf on E. Pop., islet im. E. and w., 153 ft. high, E. of Bula- 7,571. lácao I., E. of Calamián I., Calamianes grp., GUMAI (good-my); river entering sea on E. coast N. of Paragua, Palawan, and important land of Sámar; 3 fms. may be carried within 1,000 mark entering Coron Bay from S. yds. of its mouth, with an anchorage to S. of - island 1. m. W. of Pangutasian I., off NW. islet; 2 ft. of water on barat low water; noth- coast of Paragua, Palawan. ing larger than steam launch can enter GUINTURILAN (geen-too-reel-lahn). ver.. hamlet GUMALAC (goo-mah-lahck'), nat.; island off W. of Negros Occidental, 4 m. SE. of Valladolid. coast of Leyte. (See Babugon.) GUINULAUAN (gee-noo-lah-wahn). ver.. hamlet | GUMALARANG (goo-mah-lah'-rahng), nat., river in Cebu. entering on S. shore of San Rafael Bay, N. coast of Basilan, S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. GUINZADAN (geen-thah'-dahn), ver.; hamlet in Used by shipping in outer road of Isabela Lepanto, Luzón, 7 m. ESE. of Cayán. Pop., port, Basilan, Fresh water may be obtained about #m. inland. GUIÓN (geeohn'), Sp.; hamlet at mouth of river -river emptying into San Rafael Bay on S. of that name in SW. Masbate, Visayas. shore, used by shipping in outer road of Isa- GUIRÓN (gee-rohn'), ver.; active volcano in 1852, bela port, Basilan, off S. coast of Zamboanga, Solfatoric, lat. 11° 32' N., lon. 124° 28' E., in Mindanao. Biliran I., N. of Leyte. GUMALÁSAC (goo-mah-lah'-sahk), Tag.; small GUISAN, or GUINTAHAN (geel-sahn, geen-tah' river of Tayabas, Luzon, on W. shore of Ragay hahn),ver.; river of Negros Occidental, formed Bay. by Planiplan and other tributaries, and enters sea 13 m. N. of Himamaylan. GUMAY (goo-my'), ver.; 2 hamlets of same name in NE. Sámar, one at mouth and other in- GUISGUIS (gees-gees'). ver.; river in Tayabas, land on river which takes its rise in Mesa de Luzón; rises in Cordilleras of interior, receives Palápag and flowing SE. empties into Pacific various affluents, and empties into sea on S. Ocean. One in pueblo of Catubig. coast. - inlet in Sámar. GUISIJAN (gee-see-hahn), ver.; pueblo at mouth of Paliuan Riv., on W.coast of Antique, Panay, GUMILAN (goo-mee'-lahn), ver.; island of Tawi 27 m. N. of San José de Buenavista. Pop., Tawi grp., Sulu A. 6,247. GUNALINAO (goo-nah-lee-nah'-oo), ver.; river of GUISO (gee'-soh), ver.; hamlet in E. central Ilo Tayabas, Luzón, emptying into bay of Gui- ilo, Panay, 3 m. ENE. of Calinog. nayangan. GUISSAN (gees'-sahn), ver.; island off coast of GUNDUHÚAN (goon-doo-hoo'-ahn), ver.; pueblo Sulu I., Sulu A. in Bohol. Pop., Cn. 1887, 6,737. GUITACOR (gee-tah-cor'), ver.; mountain in Si-GUNG-ÚGONG (goong-oo-gong), ver.; town of buyán I., Romblon grp., Visayas. Bontóc, Luzón, 12 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 716. 762 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 527 790. GUNILO (goo-need-loh), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of GUNTÚAN, or GINATÚAN-Continued. Taytay, Paragua, Palawan. island is 2 m. wide, with several islets which GUNITIGUAN (goo-nee-teel-gwahn), ver.; hamlet reduce passage to m. Channel is practi- in pueblo of Romblon, Visayas. cable to steamers, but passages between W. GUNJANGAN (goon-hahng'-ahn), ver.; small low island of cluster and coast of Mindanao are not practicable. Cabsugan is S. island of island 3, m. NW. of Tulian, Sulu grp., Sulu A. cluster. Nagubat islets lie 8 m. to s. GÚNNONG (goon-nong), ver.; point on W. coast GURAN (goof-rahn), ver.; mountain in Mindanao. of Palawan. (See Baja.) GUSÁ (goo-sah'), ver.: pueblo on s. shore of GUNO (goo'-noh), ver.; hamlet in Mindanao, on Macajalar Bay, 2 m. N. by E. of Cagayan de banks of Tumbo Riv. Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao, Pop., Cn. 1896, GUNTAO (goon-tah'-00). ver.; narrow island and westernmost of group lying off entrance to GUSU (gool-s00), ver.; hamlet in Zamboanga, Bacuit Bay, W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Mindanao, 41 m. NE. of Zamboanga. N. island is reddish brown, 1 m. by 300 yds. S. is broader and higher. GUSUN (goo'-soon), nat.; islet between Laminusa and Siasi Is., off E. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., GUNTÚAN, or GINATÚAN (goon-tool-ahn, hee Sulu A. nah-too'-ahn), ver.; cluster of islands front- - bank of sand and coral which divides into ing E. approach to Gipdo Passage to Surigao 2 passages channel which separates Lami- Strait; lie about 10. m. off coast of Surigao, nusa from Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. Mindanao, in NE. direction toward Siargao I. Deep channel, 3 m. wide, between them GUSUNAN (goo-sool-nahn), ver.; river in W. Min- and S. coast of Dinagat I. Guntúan I., which doro, entering sea at Sablayán town and gives its name to cluster, is largest, 3 m. long point. NW and SE., and has small island off its N. GUTE (gool-tay), ver.; hamlet on r. bank of Bulan point. Bayalnan (Bayatuan) is next island of Riv., in extreme SW. Sorsogón, Luzon, 2, m. cluster to SE. Channel between it and main SW. of Sorsogon. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 529 H. HABA (hah'-bah), nat.; point on N. side of en- | HARBOR HILL, for.; summit 960 ft. high, in trance of Bacayacan Bay, E. coast of Sámar. Marabay range, 1 m. inland from Bush Pt., E. HABASAN (hah-bah'-sahn), ver.; hamlet in Sámar shore of Ulugan Bay, W. coast of Paragua, near mouth of Matinao Riv., 3 m. SW. of Palawan. Poric. HARE'S EARS, for.; 2 islands in outlying NW. HABAYA (hah-bah'-yah), ver.; hamlet on SW. waters of Basilan Is., S. of Zamboanga, Min- coast of Sámar, 9 m. SW. of Villareal. danao. (See Sangboi Is.) HACOP (hah-cohp'), ver.; mountain in S. Sámar, HASSAAN (hahs-sah'-ahn), nat.; town on E. shore 8 m. NNE. of Balangiga. of Macajalar Bay, N. coast of Misamis, Min- danao. Pop., 5,000. HACPOAN (hack-poh'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in N. Sámar, 6} m. S. of Catarman. HASTINGS, for.: island off NE. extreme of Para- HAGONOY (hah-goh-noy'), Tag.; pueblo on 1. gua, Palawan, (See Calibangbagan.) bank of Nayo Grande Riv., outlet of Grande HATABA (hah-tah'-bah), ver.; point on W. coast de la Pampanga Riv., in Bulacan, Luzón, of Daram I., at entrance to small bay. 10 m. W. of Bulacán. Pop., 20,120. HAUE (hah'-way), ver.; mountain in central lake peculiar to Philippine Is., covered range of S. Leyte, 10 m. NW. of Sógod Nuevo. with water during rainy season and which HAUTE (how-tay), ver.; islet off W. coast of can be cultivated during dry. Situated in Paragua, Palawan, lat. 10° 28' 30'' N. pueblos of Hagonoy and Calumpit, Bulacan. HAYCOCK, for.; island W. coast of Busuanga, lat. - formerly name of that part of course of 12° 9' N., Calamianes grp., N. of Paragua, Pala- Grande de la Pampanga Riv. which passes wan; abounds in edible bird's nests. (See through Bulacán, Luzón, forming drainage of Malajón.) lake of Hagonoy, in pueblos of Calumpit and HAY-IPUT (high-ee-poot'), yer.; mountain in Hagonoy. Grande de la Pampanga Riv. is SW. Bohol, 3 m. W. of Sevilla. now name applied to entire stream from its source in Nueva Ecija to its mouth on N. HÉGAD (hay-gad), ver.; low, flat island off N. shore of Manila Bay. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A., separated from Pan- gaturan and Babúan by safe, deep channels. HAGRAY (hah-gri'), ver.; point on E. coast of ex- (Also Hígad.) treme SE. Sámar. HEN AND CHICKENS, for.; group of islets and HALABÁ (hah-lah-bah'), ver.; point in island of rocks 11 m. off NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan, Leyte. midway between Bluff Point Bay and Table HALCÓN (hahl-cohn'), Sp., or WILHELMINA, Pt., 6 m. beyond. NW. islet is 80 ft. high. for.; outlying rock in extreme NW. waters of (See Gallina, La, y los Pollos.) Sámales Is., Balanguingui grp., Sulu A. HERALD, for.; partly submerged portion of W. - mountain in N. central Mindoro 2,702 ft. coast of Mindoro, off Sablayán Pt., Pandán I., high (China Sea Directory says 8,865 ft.), 17 m. lat. 12° 46' 15' N.' SW. of Calapán. One of known summits of HERMANA MAYOR (ayr-mah-nah mah-yor'), Sp.; interior Cordilleras, which begin at Calavite island and small islet 3. m. E. of coast of Mt., near extreme NW. coast. Main crest Zambales, Luzón, called Hermanas (Sisters) trends SE., paralleling coast until it reaches Is., low, woody, and sandy. Hermana Mayor Halcón, thence elevations form plain with is 5 m. S. of Culebra. Hermana Menor (Ma- summits which spread over interior to S. calíra) lies 3 m. SSE. of Mayor and w. of HALSEY, for.; harbor of Calamián or Culión I.. Santa Cruz Pt. and Harbor, Zambales, Luzón, Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. with which it forms 8-fm. channel. HAMAH AMAANG (hah-mah-hah-mah-ahng'), HERMANA MENOR, or MACALIRA (ayr-mah-nah nat.; islet on E. side of Tambiluanga channel may-nor', Sp.; mah-cah-leel-rah, ver.); island between NW. shore of Tigungun and Sibaloc 3 m. SSE. of Hermana Mayor, and w. of Santa Is., on NE. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. Cruz port, with which it forms 8-fm. channel. HAMURAUAN (hah-moo-rah'-wahn), ver.; point HERMANAS, DOS (dohs ayr-mah'-nohs), Sp.; on NW. shore of Homonhon or Malhón I., S. group of islets N. of Santiago I., at W. en- of Sámar. trance to gulf of Lingayen, in Zambales, HANAGDÓN (hah-nahg-dawn'), ver.; mountain Luzon. in Leyte. - 2 islands, the E. 136 ft. high, 24 m. E. by S. HANDIG (han-dig'), ver.; extreme N. point of Ho- of Dumali Pt., E. coast of Mindoro, in chan- monhon or Malhón I., 11 m. SW. across sea nel from Visayan Sea and Verde Passage, channel from SE. extremity of Sámar. between S. point of Marinduque and Bantón I., N. of Tablas, Romblon grp. HANIPOLON(hah-nee-poh-lawn'),ver.; mountain in Leyte. HERMANOS, LOS (lohs ayr-mah'-nohs), Sp.; islets off C. Engaño, on N. shore of Palaui I., HANOPOL (hah-noh-pohl'), ver.; mountain in NW. of NW. peninsula of Cagayán, Luzón. Ambos Camarines, Luzón. HERMITA (ayr-mee'-tah). Sp.; hamlet in pueblo HAPIDAN (hah-pee'-dahn). ver.; hamlet on r. of Piat, Cagayán, Luzon. (See Ermita.) bank of mouth of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., in HERMOSA, or LLANA HERMOSA (ayr-moh'-sah, SW. Sámar. lyah'-nah ayr-moh'-sah). Sp.; pueblo and HAPUNAN (hah-pool-nahn), nat.; hamlet on E. post-office on main road N. to Pampanga, in coast of Sámar at Pangpang Pt. extreme NE. part of Bataan, Luzón, near ex- HARBOR, for.; island in N. part of Puerto Prin- treme NW. angle of Manila Bay. cesa Harbor, E. coast of S. Palawan. (See HERNÁNDEZ (ayr-nahn'-dayth), Sp.; hamlet on Cana I.) SE. coast road of Cebu, 41 m. SW. of Argao. -hill 960 ft. high, overlooking Ulugan Bay, HERNANI (ayr-nah'-nee), Sp.; pueblo in SE. Paragua, Palawan. Sámar, 52 m. SE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 2,555. S. Doc. 280— 34 530 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. HERON, for.; point on SW. shore of Puerto Prin- | HILABAN (hee-lah'-bahn), nat.; island off NW. cesa Harbor, E. coast of S. Palawan, S. across coast of Sámar. (See also Talabat, Tubabao.) bay from Tide Pole Pt. - island 2 by 1 m. in area, S. of Binugayan HERSCHEL, for.; mountain 2,316 ft. high, on W. Pt., E. coast of Sámar. (See Orás Riv.) coast of S. Palawan, 3. of Paragua boundary. HILONG- HÍLONG (hee-long-hee'-long), ver.: (See Long Pt.) mountain of N. Mindanao, 35 m. inland, SE. HIABONG (hee-ah-bong'), ver.; town on NW. of Cáuit Pt. shore of Maqueda Bay, W. coast of Sámar, 5 - mountain summit in Surigao, Mindanao, m. SE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 3,579. 6 m. ESE. of Manobos, on bend of Tubai Riv. HIAGÔ (hee-ah-goh'), ver.; hamlet in SW. Sámar, HILONGOS (hee-long'-ohs), ver.; pueblo on SW. 4 m. NE. of Basey. coast of Leyte, 62 m. SW. of Tacloban, and 27 HIAGUINITAN (hee-ah-gee-neel-tahn), ver.; small m. across sea channel NE. of mainland of N. tributary of Ulut Riv., in E. Sámar. Bohol I. Pop., 13,813. HIAMLONG (hee-ahm-long'), ver.; river in Catan- - point and river in SW. Leyte, rising in cen- duanes Ì., off coast of Luzon, NE. of Albay, tral mountain range and emptying into sea, rising in center of island flows W. and empties 14 m. E. of town and point of that name. into sea. HILUGUIRAN (hee-loo-geel-rahn), ver.; moun- HIBA (heel-bah), ver.; hamlet on headwaters of tain in E. spurs of central range of S. Leyte, w. tributary of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., in 6 m. SW. of Abúyog. SW. Sámar. HILUMNOG (hee-loom-nohg'), ver.; point on S. HIBAPSAN (hee-bahp'-sahn), ver.; island N. of side of SE. coast of Leyte, 13 m. SE. of Sámar. Cabalían. HIBAYA (hee-bah-yah'), ver.; hamlet of Negros HIMAGAAN (hee-mah-gah-ahn), nat.; hamlet Oriental, 5 m. W. of Guijulugan. in pueblo of Donsol, NW. Sorsogón, Luzón. HIBAYO (hee-bah'-yoh). ver.: town of Negros HIMALASAGAN (hee-mah-lah-sah'-gahn), ver.; Oriental, on strait of Tañón, on E. coast, 287 mountain in S. central range of Leyte, 4 m. m. SE. of Bacolod. S. of Burauen. HIBOG (hee-bog'), ver.; river in island of Panay. HIMALAYOM (hee-mah-lah'-yom), ver.; hamlet HIBUGAY (hee-boo-gi'), ver.; mountain in Leyte. in SE. Leyte, on coast, 2, m. W. of Cabalían. HIBUNG (hee-boong'), hamlet on NE. coast of HIMAMAILAN (hee-mah-my'-lahn), nat.; on W. Cápiz, Panay, 5 m. NW. of Navas. coast of Negros Occidental. (See Jimamay- lan.) HIBUTAN (hee-boo'-tahn), ver.; point and hamlet on S. shore of Sámar, NW. of mouth of Pagsa- HIMAMAYLAN (hee-mah-my-lahn), ver.; river 1 ban Riv. m. N. and town at mouth of Talaban-diot Riv., in Negros Occidental, E. shore of Gui- HIERBA (yayr’-bah), Sp. (See Manglar.) marás Strait, 37 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 6,758. HIGÁN (hee-gahn'), ver.; hamlet on Pitogo Bay, HIMARAYA (hee-mah-rah'-yah), ver.; point on between Pts. Tandikan and Tandu, SE. coast SE. coast of Albay, near Sorsogon boundary, of Sulu I., Sulu A. and W. head to Sógod Bay, on NE. coast of HIGÁN, or ILIGAN (hee-gahn', ee-lee'-gahn), ver.; Sorsogon, Luzon. - point on E. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. HIMBUCGÁN (him-book-gahn'), ver.; point in HIGANLIGAM (hee-gahn-lee'-gahm), ver.; point Biliran I., N. of Leyte. on S. coast of Leyte, 4 m. SE. of Maasín. HIMONÍN (hee-moh-nin'), ver.; hamlet on Pag- HIGASAÁN (hee-gah-sah-ahn'), ver.; river whose saban Riv., Sámar. headwater tributaries rise in adjacent HIMOTO (hee-moh'-toh), ver.; river in Catan- springs, flow in opposite directions, and duanes I., off coast of Luzon, NE. of Albay. coursing on a winding waỹamong mountains of central range E. slopes, unite 5 m, of HIMUQUITAN (hee-moo-keyl-tahn). ver.: islet of Abuyog, and find their outlet in sea immedi- Cuatro grp., off W. coast of Leyte, 6 m. WSW. ately S. of that town. of Inopacan, HIGH, for.; island off NW.coast of Paragua, Pala- HINABAY (hee-nah-by'), ver.; mountain in cen- wan. (See Cacnipa I.) tral chain, S. Leyte, 8 m. E. of Inopacan. - island 4 m. E. of Ibayat, Batanes grp. (See HINABLÁN (hee-nah-blahn'), ver.; extreme W. Diogo I.) point of Homonhon, or Malhón I., S. of Sámar. HIGH ISLAND, for.; island 2 m. N. of N. point of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., SW. of Min- HINADON (hee-nah'-dawn), ver.; hamlet 10 m. doro. (See Dimapac.) E. of Tarangunan, W. Sámar, in pueblo of that name, 10 m. SE. of S. mouth of Bac-hao HIGH NIPPLE, for.; peak 1,254 ft. high on W. coast of Palawan, i m. S. of Sangbauen Pt. Bangahón Riv. HINAGDANAN (hee-nahg-dah'-nahn), nat.; ham- HIGH POINT, for.; bold headland forming NE. let in Sámar, 5 m. SW. of pueblo of Pambujan. limit of Green Island Bay, SE. coast of Paragua, Palawan, Coast trends NE. 12 m. HINALAYAD, or JINALAD (hee-nah-lah'-yad, hee- to Endeavor Pt., is low and densely wooded. nah-lahd'), ver.; river in extreme S. part of (See Flechas Pt.) Negros Oriental, draining Caladias Mt. into HIGH TRIPLE HILL, for.; elevation 3,652 ft. sea at Sibac hamlet. HINALGÁN (hee-nahl-gahn'), ver.; hamlet in N. high of Four Peak Range, central Palawan, HIGOSA (ee-goh'-sah), Sp.; point and hamlet on Sámar, 9 m. SW. by S. of Pambujan. S. shore of SE. Sámar, 54 m. Sof Quinapun- HINAMOC (hee-nah-mock'), nat.; islet in N. dan, 18 m. E. of Capines Pt. (See Gigoso.) waters of San Pedro Bay, SW. Sámar, 3 m. HIGUNUNÚN (hee-goo-noo-noon'), ver.; low islet SE. of Basey. 6 m. E. of Pagsanján Pt., on NE. coast of | HINANATAN (hee-nah-nah'-tahn), ver.; hamletin Sámar. (Also Higunum.) N. Sámar, on river 16 m. SW. of Pambujan. HIHAN (hee'-hun), ver.; point at S. entrance to HINANTANGAN (hee - nahn - tang' -ahn), ver.; Quinangcang Bay, NW. coast of Panaón I., mountain in central range, S. Leyte, 10 m. off SE. point of Leyte. E. of Hilongos, in pueblo of Hilongos. HIJO, or NIJO (ee'-hoh, nee'-hoh), Sp.; town in Dávao, Mindanao, at head of bay on extreme HINAUANAN (hee-nah-wah'-nahn), ver.; moun- N. shore of Dávao Gulf, 27 m. NNE. of Dávao. tain in Panaon I., SE. of Leyte. (See Nijo.) HINAULIGAN (hee-now-lee'-gahn), ver.; point in river in Mindanao. Leyte, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 531 ver Gruss S. Ma acerlo 9 Saddle Rock 19 19 slands Reeseen Rat Island PHILIPPINI ISLANDS CALAMJANES GROUP HALSEY HARBOR CULION ISLAND, WEST COAST ATLON E. (1902 island STAN 4 mller to South point From a sketch by Officers of the US Navy in 1901. Approximate Position LoL ir 45' N. Long. 11956* E. of Gr. Soundings in fathoms - Heights in feet Nautical Miles 532 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. HINAYANGAN (hee-nah-yahng'-ahn), ver.; ham- | HIUTO; mountain 7 m. inland from N. coast of let on E. shore of Sógod Bay, on S. coast of Sámar, at Mondragón. Leyte, 10 m. SE. of Sógod Antiguo. HOANGÓN (hoh-ahng-ohn'), ver.; point on W. HINDANG (hin-dahng'), ver.: pueblo on SW.coast shore of deep estuary in S. Leyte, 3 m. NNE. of Leyte, 57 m. W. of Tacloban and 30 m. NE. of Malitbog. of mainland of Bohol. Pop., 5,314. HOBÁN (hoh-bahn'), ver., hamlet on SE. shore of - hamlet in SE. Sámar, 4 m. SSW. of Bo anchorage and 1 m. SW. of town of Mercedes, rongan. in extreme SE. Sámar. HINGANTINGAL (hing-ahn-ting-ahl'), yer.; river HODLONGÓN (hod-long-awn'), ver.; mountain in S. Leyte. in Leyte near SW. coast, 64 m. S. of Bay- HINGASAN (hing-ah'-sahn), ver.; mountain in S. bay. Leyte, 5 m. NW. of Sógod Nuevo. HOG, for.; island 300 yds. in extent, 3 m. N. of - hamlet on NW. shore of Lion Bay, inlet Green I., and same distance from shore, off in NW. angle of Sogod Bay, S. coast of Leyte, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, 2, m. W. of Sógod Nuevo. HOGNAY (hohg-ni'), ver.; hamlet on one of W. HINGATUNGAN (hing-ah-toong'-ahn), ver.; point tributaries of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., in SW. in Leyte. Sámar. HINGOO (hin-goh-oh), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of HOLE (hawl-lay), ver.; town in S. Sámar. Butúan, NW. Surigao, Mindanao. HOMONHÓN, or JOMONJOL, or MALHÓN (hoh- HINGUANA (hin-gwah-nah), ver.; elevation in mohn-hohn', hoh-mohn-hawl', mahl-hohn'), mountain system of Panaón I. ver.; island 10 m. from NW. to SE., and 5 m. greatest width NE. to SW., 11 m. SW. across HINIGARAN (hee-nee-gah'-rahn), ver.; river in sea channel between extreme SE. point of Negros Occidental, W. coast. Sámar and nearest NE. point of Homonhon, HINOGACAN (hee-noh-gah'-cahn), ver.; hamlet or Malhón I.; lies midway in sea channel, 36 at headwatersof Ulut Riv., in S. central Sámar. m. wide between SE. point of Sámar and N. HINUBÁUN (hee-noo-bah'-oon), ver.; hamlet on point, Desolation (Desolación),of Dinagat I., S. SW. coast of Negros Occidental, 22 m. S. of HONDA (awn'-dah), Sp.; bay on E. coast of Pala- Inayauan. wan, N. of Princesa port, abreast Ulugan Bay HINUNANGAN (hee-noo-nahng'-ahn),ver.; pueblo on opposite side of S. Palawan, plain inter- at head of bay of same name, on 1. bank of vening, on either side of which mts. Peel Málaga Riv., on E. coast of Leyte, 61 m. S. by and Cone are conspicuous, being here only 5 E. of Tacloban. Pop., 7,899. (Also Hinanang- m. wide; number of low coral islands covered an.) with trees intersperse waters of bay - inlet in E. Leyte. HONDO (awn'-doh), Sp.; small river emptying into Basilan Strait, E. by S. of fortress and HINUNDAYAN (hee-noon-dah-yahn),ver.; pueblo on bay of same name, on SE. coast of Leyte, cemetery of Zamboanga, Mindanao. 63 m. s. by E. of Tacloban. Pop., 3,896. HONG (hohng), ver.; mountain among N. eleva- tions of dividing range of Negros Occidental, HINUNUCAN (hee-noo-noo'-cahn), ver.; point on E. coast of Leyte, 13 m. due N. of Hinu- 15 m. W. of Calatrava, E. coast. nangan, in pueblo of Hinunangan, HONOB-HÓNOD (hoh-nob-hoh'-nod), ver.; ham- let on r. bank of Danao Riv., NE. Negros HIPAPAD (hee-pah-pahd'), ver.; hamlet in pue- Occidental, 6 m. SW. of Escalante. blo of Catubig, Sámar. HONOP (hoh-nop'); mountain 3 m. SW. of La- HIPARAYAN (hee-pah-rah-yahn), ver.; hamletin nang, in SE. Sámar. N. Sámar, 7 m. SW. of Pambujan. - hamlet in SW. Sámar, 4 m. NE. of Basey. HIPTOLES (hip-toh-less), ver.; tributary of HORADADA (aw-rah-dah'-dah), Sp.; island and stream in S. Sámar emptying into sea 3 m. E. point W. of Corregidor, in entrance to Manila of Balangiga. Bay, Luzón. HIPUDIOS (hee-poo-deeohs), nat., village at - 3 rocks N. 31° W. of Yot Pt., Catanduanes mouth of stream entering on N. shore of inlet I., off coast of Luzon, N. of Albay. 3 m. E. of Balangiga, S. coast Sámar. HORCAPILOTOS (ohr-cah-pee-loh'-tohs), nat.; HIRAPSÁN (hee-rahp-sahn'), ver.; one of Tala- islet surrounded by sunken rocks off Balete bones Is., off N. coast of Sámar, in approach to anchorage of Catarman, Channel at s. Pt., on N. coast of Mindoro, opposite pueblo of Calapán. end carries 5 fms. HIRÍ (hee-ree), nat.: point NE. coast Lubang I.. HORMIGA (awr-mee'-gah), Sp.; island situated on W. coast of Paragua, Palawan, E. of chan- off W. coast Batangas, Luzón. nel between Cauayan and Cadlao. Near N. HIRIGATUNGAN (hee-ree-gah-toong'-ahn), ver.; end of Paragua are islands of Gemelos, Dia- conspicuous headland of approach to E. coast pila, Calitan, and Cabuli. of Leyte, 12 m. N. of Hinunangan. HORN ROCK, for.: pointed projection above HIRUNCAN (hee-roon'-cahn), ver.; river of Sá water, 130 yds. off Batu Tandoc Pt., W. coast mar, taking N. course empties into sea on N. of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. Between coast. this and Nanga Pt. is anchorage. HITAASAN (hee-ta h-ah'-sahn), ver.; hamlet on HORN, THE, for.; curiously formed peak 1,250 SE. shore of Maqueda Bay, W. coast of Sámar, ft. high on Matinloc I., NW. coast of Paragua, 3 m. S. of San Sebastián. Palawan. HITOAG (hee-toh-ahg'), ver.; mountain in sw. HORNOS (ohr'-nohs), Sp.; point at S. end of Leyte. Bataan, Luzón, on China Sea, N. of Boca HITOBANG (hee-toh-bahng'), ver.; river in cen- Chica entrance to Manila Bay. tral Negros Occidental, rising in main range, HOWLEY, for.; SW. island inshore of Johnson I. 7 m. ENE. of Isabela, flows S., joining Nito- and i; m. off E. coast of Palawan. mayan, tributary of Ilog, 1 m, w. of Cama- HOYA DE IBA (awl-yah day eel-bah), Hisp.; rin de Cayagán, near Negros Oriental anchorage and point in Zambales, Luzón. boundary: 21 m. before its junction stream makes descent of many feet, known as La- HUBANG (hoo-bahng'), ver.; point and pueblo of plan Falls. Bulusan, Sorsogon, Luzón. (Also Hubag.) HUBASAN (hoo-bah'-sahn), ver.; hamlet on W. HITUMNOG (hee-toom-nohg'), ver.; point in SE. shore of Sámar I., opposite Balupiri I. Leyte. HUGPA (hoog-pah'), ver.; crater in Sw. part of HIUTO (hew'-toh), ver.; hamlet in Sámar, 4 m, Biliran I., off S. point of Zamboanga, Min- S. of Catarman. danao, 4 m. NE. of Biliran. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 533 HULUBI, or HUBI (hoo-loo'-bee, hoof-bee), ver.; HUMAYAN (hoo-mah-yahn), ver.; river in Min- hamlet on SW. shore of Cotabato, Mindanao, danao. about 3 m. NW. of sea end of line of bound- HUMIGÁN (hoo-mee-gahn'), Tag.; town at head- ary between Cotabato and Davao, Mindanao. waters of Agno Riv., in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, HULUGADIÁN (hoo-loo-gah-dyahn'), ver.; ham- 42 m. N. of San Isidro. Pop., 5,848. (Also let on SW. coast of Negros Occidental, 9 m. Umigan. S. of Inayauan. HUMMOCK, for.; point 10 m. NE. of Elizabeth Pt.. SW. coast of Palawan; bights of bays along HUM (hoom), nat.; islet in Laparan cluster, Sulu this coast usually have streams of fresh water. Point Hill, 560 ft. high, is its chief mark. HUMAGANÓHANG (hoo-mah-gah-noh-hahng), | HUNUNOCK (hoo-noo-nohck'); point off W. coast ver.; mountain in Leyte. of Palawan forming little bay in which are situated islands of Manglar and Hierba. HUMANGAN (hoo-mung'-ahn), ver.; point in | HURAO, or CURAO (hoo-rah'-aw, coo-rah'-aw). Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón. ver.; mountain in Sámar. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 535 IÁTING (ee-ah'-ting), ver.; mountain in Concep- | IBOŅAN (ee-boh'-nahn), Tag.; river in Nueva ción, Iloilo, Panay, 165 m. SW. of Carlés. Ecija, Luzón, rising in E. slopes of Sierra IBA (ee!-bah), ver.; pueblo, capital of Zambales, Madre, empties into bay of Dingala, Pacific Luzon, on peninsula formed by river 2, m. coast. from its mouth and point of that name; at foot IBUGAY (ee-boo-gi'). ver.; mountain in central of Iba Mt. on coast road S. to Súbic Bay, and Leyte, 3 m. SW. of Dagami. 85 m. in direct line NW. of Manila; has sev IBUGOS, or BASHI (ee-boo-gohs, bah'-shee), eral fine public buildings, church, meeting ver.; small island of Batanes grp., 2 sq. m. in hall, and parish house, and is well built. extent, W. of Sabtán I., from which separated Pop., 3,572. by channel 14 m. wide. Island is generally - mountain in Zambales, Luzón, inland from low except on s. end, where there is hill, at provincial capital of province of that name. foot of which lies village. Small stream emp- - point on coast of Zambales, Luzón, near ties inside SW. point of Sabtán, which may capital of province of that name, be entered by boats. Reefs on both sides of channel have gaps through which boats enter - hamlet of Pampanga, Luzón, on boundary with Tárlac and on main road, 18 m. NW. of in fine weather. Bacolor. IBUJO (ee-boo'-hoh), ver.; town in E. Leyte. - point on NW.shore of Ragay Bay, Tayabas, IBULAO (ee-boo-lah-oh), ver.; river in Nueva Luzón. Vizcaya, Luzón, rising at foot of Guingui Mt. IBAAN (ee-bah-ahn'), Tag.; pueblo on Malaquin- and emptying into Magat Riv., branch of Grande de Cagayán. tubig Riv., 5 m. from Batangas in that prov- ince, Luzón, connected by 2 highroads. Pop., IBUNG (ee-boong'), ver.; pueblo of Nueva Viz- 8,900. caya. Four roads leave it, one connecting with main highway at Bagabag. Pop., 980. IBAICAY (ee-by-ki'), ver.; point in Panay. | IBUS (eel-boos), ver.; islet in inlet fronting ham- IBAJAY (ee-bah-high'), ver.; important river in let of Barás, on NE. shore of Illana Bay, in Cápiz, Panay, rising in Cápiz in E. spurs of Cotabato, Mindanao. Bacalan Mt., parallels central range along borders of Antique, flows in NW. direction ICADAMBANAUAN, or TAYTAY (ee-cah-dam-bah- and turning N., W. of Cabalos Mt. enters sea nah'-wahn, tie-tie'), ver.; island 24 m. by 1 at town of Ibajay. Along its course are many m. in extent, 610 ft. high, 37 m. E. of Taytay, thriving villages. Paragua, Palawan, and separated from s. point of that bay by channel 1 m, wide. - point in Panay. IDIAYAN (ee-dee-ah'-yahn), ver.; small stream - pueblo at mouth of river and on point of entering sea on extreme sw. coast of An- same name on NE. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 42, tique, Panay. m. NW. of Cápiz. Pop., 11,351. IDIO (ee'-dee-oh), ver.; hamlet on W. coast of IBALONG (ee-bah-long'), ver.; point on W. shore Antique, Panay, 1 m. N. of Sebaste. of Albay, Luzón, S. of Sorsogon port. - small stream in Antique, Panay, emptying IBAN (eel-bahn), ver.; islet off NE. shore of Leyte into sea at Pandán. in W. entrance of sea channel leading to San Juanico Strait. IÉTING (ee-ay'-ting), ver.; point on SE. shore of San Pedro Bay, SW.Sámar, 12 m. SE. of Basey. - hamlet at mouth of Quinabasahan Riv., tributary of Bicol, in Ambos Camarines (Sur), IGABO (ee-gah'-boh), ver.; hot spring NE. of Luzón, 7 m. S. of Nueva Cáceres. Malinao Mt., not far from Tibi, in Ambos Ca- marines. In middle of plot of turf encircled IBÁNAO (ee-bah'-now), ver.; hamlet in Lepanto, by trees is bare spot 100 by 70 paces, covered Luzón, 7 m. E. of Cayán. Pop., 318. with stones rounded by attrition to size of IBASAN (ee-bah'-sahn); hamlet in pueblo of Loc man's head. Hot water bubbles out of ground tugan, Cápiz, Panay. and discharges into brook. Women cook by means of nets in which they suspend food in IBATANES (ee-bah-tah'-nays), Hisp.; hamlet in water, which contains no traces of alum and Benguet, Luzon, 6 m. NE. of Trinidad. Pop., very slight traces of sulphur. 480. IGAIRÁN (ee-gah-ee-rahn'), yer.; hamlet on ex- IBAY (ee-by'), ver., town in N. Cebú. treme s. coast of Daram I., off w. coast of IBAYAT (ee-bah-yat'), nat.; mountain in W. Sámar. range of Antique, Panay, at headwaters of IGAN (eel-gahn), nat., islet in Upper Grande Riv. one of tributaries of Cangaranan Riv., 74 m. of Mindanao, below Kalipubuan, Lanao, E. of Valderrama. Mindanao. - central island of Batanes grp., 9 m. NNE. -- bay 2 m. at its entrance and 2 m, deep on and SSW. and 31 m. E. and W.; area, 27 sq.m; W. shore of Guimaras I., off Iloilo, Panay, 16 m. NNW. of Batán, channel between free immediately S. of Santa Ana port. from danger. On N. rises Mt. Santa Rosa - hamlet near 1. bank of Pulangui Riy.. 680 ft. and on S. Mt. Riposet 800 ft. above sea. Cotabato, Mindanao, 16 m. ENE. of Liguasan Island is most fertile of all Batanes. As Lake. viewed from seaward it presents barren out- IGANEGA (ee-gah-nay'-gah), ver.; hamlet on line defying disembarkation to any but those shore of San Juanico Strait, in SW. Sámar, 2 acquainted with locality. It is without an- m. E. of Santa Rita. chorages. Interior is highly cultivated, and in many places shows fine timber. IGASAN (ee-gah'-sahn). ver.; point 3 m. NW. of Tak Tak Pt., S. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A. IBÁYOG (ee-bah'-yog); mountain in Panay, ÍGAT (ee'-gat), ver.; bay N. of Ígat I., well shel- IBOBOR (ee-boh-bohr'), ver.; one of group of is tered in N. waters of Dumanquilas Bay. Du- lets inshore between Paly I. and E. coast of manquilas Riv. enters bay opposite by sever- Paragua, Palawan, SE. of Taytay. al mouths. Locality extremely unhealthy. 536 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ÍGAT; point on mainland S. of Zamboanga, Min- IGUIGAN (ee-gee'-gahn), ver.; hamlet on bay danao, opposite Dayana I. in Dumanquilas which sets up from head of San Juanico Bay. channel in SW. Samár, 6 m. SSE. of Villa- island marking entrance to Dumanquilas rreal. Bay, separated from mainland by narrow ILACAONG (ee-lah-cah-ohng'): point on W. shore channel on S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, in pueblo of - islet N. of Matalvi I., off W. coast of Zam- Carmoran. bales, Luzón. ILAGAN (ee-lah'-gahn), ver.; pueblo, capital of IGAUAN (ee-gah'-wahn), ver.; small stream en- Isabela Province, and post-office, in forks of tering sea on SW. coast of Leyte, 6 m. N. of Grande de Cagayan and Pinacanauan Rivs., Inopacan. on main highway 84 m. S. by E. of Aparri, at mouth of Grande de Cagayán Riv., on N. sea- IGBABÓN (eeg-bah-bohn'), ver.; hamlet on W. coast; 20 m. S. of Tuguegarao, capital of Ca- coast of Antique, Panay, 2 m. NE. of Patnon- gayán; 60 m. NE. of Bayombong, capital of gón. Nueva Vizcaya, to which points it is in river IG BALANGAO (eeg-bah-lang'-ah-oh), ver.; ham as well as road connection, and 275 m. NNE. let in Antique, Panay, 2, m. S, of Bugason. of Manila, by road or via Aparri by river and IGBANGUT (eeg-bang-oot'), ver.; mountain in W. sea. Pop., 13,811, besides large transient ele- range of Panay, on line of boundary between ment engaged in extensive trade of river and Antique and Iloilo, 14 m. ENE. of Valderrama. surrounding country. Stands near head of vast valley of Grande de Cagayán Riv., IGBÁNIG (eeg-bah'-nig), ver.; mountain in Pa- which, beginning at elevated crest dividing nay. drainage of that stream into Pacific Ocean IGBARÁS (eeg-bah-ras'). ver.; pueblo in SW. on N. and of Grande de la Pampanga Riy. Iloilo, Panay, 18 m. W. of Iloilo. Pop., 12,140. into Manila Bay on S., sweeps N. past nu- - river of Iloilo, Panay, rising in mountains merous towns and hamlets with extensive which divide Iloilo from Antique, and pass- population engaged in agricultural and pas- ing across pueblo of Tubungan empties in toral pursuits and numerous mechanical in- Iloilo Strait. dustries. Pacific port of city is Palanán, on that coast, 36 m. E. by S. IGBARAUAN (eeg-bah-rah'-wahn), ver.; hamlet ILAGAON (ee-lah-gah'-ohn); hamlet in pueblo of on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 1 m. N. of Caritan. Siaton, Negros Oriental. IGBURÍ (eeg-boo-ree'), ver.; hamlet in Antique, ILANG-ILANG (eel-lang-ee'-lang), nat.; one of Panay, 8 m. E. of Patnongon. many streams which have their sources in central Cavite, Luzón, and flowing N. empty IGCAGÁ (eeg-cah-gah'), ver.; hamlet on SW. shore into Manila and Bacoor (Cavite) bays. of W. Antique, Panay, 113 m. W. of Pandán. ILANIN (ee-lah'-neen), nat.; river emptying on IGCAHOLA (eeg-cah-hoh'-lah), ver.: hamlet in ex- SE, shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, treme S. Antique, Panay, 3 m. NE. of Anini-y. Luzón. IGCARÓN (eeg-cah-ron'); ver.; mountain in SW. - bay inside entrance to Subic Bay, E. side Iloilo, Panay, 12 m. E. of Miagao. Zambales, Luzón. IGDALAQUIT (eeg-dah-lah-kit), ver.; hamlet on ILANOD (ee-lah-nohd'); river in Nueva Vizcaya, small bay on SW. coast of Antique, Panay, 21 Luzón, tributary to Magat branch of Grande m. N. of Anini-y. de Cagayán. IG-IANGOT (eeg-yahng-ot'), ver.; mountain in ILAUE (ee-lah'-way), ver.; mountain in Sw. Panay. Leyte. IGLABÓN (ee-glah-bohn'), ver.; river in extreme ILAYA (ee-lah'-yah). nat.; hamlet at head of W. Antique, Panay, with Veuy at its mouth. Taguinting Riv., in NW. Bohol, 4 m. SE. of IGLESIA (ee-glay'-see-ah) (means church), Sp.; Inabanga. point on SE. coast of Palawan, at N. end of -hamlet in N. central Leyte, 1; m. SW. of bight which ends in Coral Bay. Jaro. IGMINTO (eeg-meen'-toh), ver.; mountain in - town in Lanao, Mindanao. Pop., 1,099. Panay. - river entering sea S. of Sablayán, W. coast ÍGOD (ee'-god), ver.; river rising in Tauig-oid of Mindoro. Mt., falling into sea on S. coast of W. Antique, ILAYA, SAN LORENZO DE (sahn loh-rayn'-thoh Panay, near Magaba. day ee-lah'-yah); hamlet 2 m. SE, of Dapitan, IGRADIOS (ee-grah-dee-os), ver.; mountain in and same distance inland from SW. angle of W. range of Antique, Panay, near headwat- Murciélagos Bay, Dapitan, Mindanao. ers of one of W. tributaries of Cadian Riv. ILDEFONSO (eel-day-fohn'-soh), Sp.; cape at sea- IGSÓROT (eeg-soh-roht), ver.; hamlet on 1. bånk | ward end of pen, separating bay of Casiguran of Piliuan Riv., in W. Antique, Panay. from Pacific Ocean, Príncipe, Luzón. IGUÁIT (ee-gwah'-it), ver.; hamlet on W. shore ILDEFONSO, SAN (sahn eel-day-fohn'-soh), Sp.; of Port Princesa, E. coast of Palawan, 2, m. town in pueblo of Bantay, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. W. of Puerto Princesa. ILIAN (ee-lee'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on r. bank m. IGUANA (ee-gwah'-nah), Sp.; long spit of sand in above mouth of river of same name, 51 m. middle of E. entrance of Iloilo Strait between NE. of High Pt., E. coast of Paragua, Pala- Dumangas Pt., SE. coast of Panay, and coast wan, 892 m. NE. of Puerto Princesa. of Guimarás I. Shallowest part is 9 ft. Larg- ILIGAN (ee-lee'-gahn), ver.; pueblo SE. angle of est of Siete Pecados bears NW. by W. } m. Iligan Bay, Misamis, Mindanao, in fertile plain on r. bank of river of same name, IGUANO (ee-gwah -noh), Sp. (See Apulit I., off through which flow waters of extensive in- Taytay Bay, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan.) land lake Lanao or Maguindanao (Malanao), IGUANTACÁN (ee-gwahn-tah-cahn'), ver.; ham- and which carries trade of large population, let in W. Cápiz, Panay, 41 m. SW. of Jamin- settled in towns, hamlets, and plantations on dao. its encircling shores. Pop., 6,020. - hamlet in pueblo of Dumarán, on island of IGUICON (ee-gee'-cohn). ver.; extreme SE. of that name, off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. numerous islands lying off Polillo I., off In- - river in SE. angle of Iligan Bay and stream fanta, Area 14 sq. m. of great importance. Connects that bay with IGUIG (ee-geeg'), ver.; pueblo of Cagayán, Lu Lanao or Maguindanao (Malanao) Lake, 163 zón, nearr, bank of Grande de Cagayán Riv., m. inland S.; surrounded by number of towns, on main highway, 10 m. N. of Tuguegarao. among which and with great bay on N. there Pop., 4.000. is extensive local trade. Entrance to river GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 537 ILIGAN-Continued. ILIM, or ILÍN, or YLÍN-Continued. and river itself, as well as bay, admit of pas off sw. point of Mindoro, with anchorage sage of native vessels of considerable size. for small vessels and good supply of water. Nigan, situated in fertile plain NE. of r. bank - 7 well-defined peaks, Mt. Ilín 850 ft. high, of river, 22 m. from lake to bay. on NW. shore, are landmarks of Ilin I. ap- --- arm of sea on N. coast of Mindanao, on S. proaching SW. coast of Mindoro.. shore of sea channel between that island and ILINAN (ee-lee'-nahn), nat.; bay on SE. coast of Visayan grp. on N. Opens to N. between Pa- Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón, NE. naon Pt. E. and Bombón Pt. W., 374 m. across of Kamayán Pt. and 237 m. deep to S. On its shores are num- ber of small bays and large port, Misamis, ILING (ee-leeng'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of formed by channel 12 m. long and 2, m. wide Mangarín, Mindoro. Pop., 427. in sw. angle. Shores of bay are generally | ILINGUÍN (ee-leen-geen'); summit 733 ft. on NE. safe and steep-to. Also number of fine towns shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, along its borders and numerous fine streams Luzón. of fresh water drain into it. ILINID (ee-lee-need'), ver.; point in Leyte. ILIGAN, or HIGAN (ee-lee'-gahn, ee'-gahn), ver.; ILINÍN (ee-lee-neen'), Tag.; S. point of Binangá point on E. coast of Cagayán, Luzon, which Bay, at entrance to Súbic Bay, in Bataan, here forms extensive bight S. to headland Luzón. Moisés, which bears S. by E., distant 64 m. | ILLÁN (ee-lyahn'), Sp.; detached hill 600 ft. high ILIHAN (ee-lee'-hahn); mountain in SE. Leyte. covered with wood, 1 m.inland within Town- ILIJAN (ee-lee'-hahn), nat.; hamlet in NW. part send Pt., SW. coast of Palawan, of Cápiz, Panay, 2, m. S. of Navas. ILLANA (ee-lyah'-nah), Sp.; bay on S. coast of - inlet and point in S. Batangas, Luzón. Cotabato, Mindanao, opening into Celebes Sea - point in Cebú. on SW. between Tapian Pt. on E. and Flechas Pt. on W., 58 m. to NW. from Tapián Pt.; - point W. shore Panaón I., off SE. point of separated from Panguil Bay, inlet of Iligan Leyte, in approach to Sógod Bay. Bay, on N. side of Mindanao, by isthmus - hill 420 ft. high on NE. coast of Casul Bay, 15, m. wide; number of rivers and lagoons on Diuyu Riv., SE. part of Murciélagos Bay, open into bay and on shores are many vil- N. coast on the boundary between Misamis lages. and Dapitan, Mindanao. ILLIJAN (ee-lyee -hahn), ver.; crater in NE. ILIMIBO (ee-lee-mee'-boh); hamlet near N. coast Cápiz, Panay, 1 m. SE. of Pilar. of Sámar, 34 m. E. of Catarman. ILOC (ee'-lock), nat., or AUSTIN, for.; island 4 m. ILIM, or ILÍN, or YLIN (ee-leem', ee-leen'), nat; in extent, 18 sq. m. area, 5 m. NW. of Bagam- village on W. shore of island of same name banguin, NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. ILOCOS NORTE, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF (Ee-loh-cohs, nat.; nohr/-tay, Sp.) Capital: Laoag, lat. 18° 13' 5" N., lon. 120° 36' E. Area: 1,265 sq. m. Population: 163,349. Race: Largely Ilocanos, with a few Igorrotes and other tribes. Language: Principally Ilocano. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Laoag to- Manila, s... Vigan, S., Ilocos Sur ..... Aparri, E. by N., Cagayán. LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES The province of Ilocos Norte occupies the NW. corner of Luzon. It is bounded on the N. by the China Sea; on the E. by Cagayan and Abra, from which it is separated by the Cordillera del Norte and its SW. spur; on the s. by Ilocos Sur, and on the W. by the China Sea. The province lies entirely within the embrace of the W. slopes of the Cordilleras and the sea. It is beautifully diversified with mountains and broad valleys of great fertility, and watered by fine rivers, particularly the Grande de Laoag, which spreads fan-like over the entire central part and empties into the sea 8 m. below the capital of that name. AREA. Its greatest length from NNE. to SSW. is 79 m. A portion of this distance com- prises a wedge-like strip but 71 m. wide and 16 m. long, shut out from the China Sea on the W. and hemmed in by Abra on the E., and from E. to W. 25 m. Area: Mainland, 1,264 sq. m., 4 dependent islands, 1 sq. m.; total, 1,265 sq. m., or 15 sq. m. larger than Rhode Island. 538 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PHYSICAL FEATURES. A chain of high mountains inland, which commences near San Fabián, in the gulf of Lingayen, extends parallel to the coast, gradually diminishing in height and stretching inland about 28 m. to the S., off C. Bojeador, leaves a spacious plain fronting the sea. Another chain of hills begins about 8 or 9 m. from the shore, and extends N. parallel to the coast line. Mt. Cáuit, on the crest of which are some trees, forms a conspicuous mark on this low coast. The Laoag Riv. discharges to the S. of the mount; its mouth is closed by a bar forming a bank which extends some distance seaward; the town of Laoag stands near the bank of the river, about 5 m. inland. Among the most noted peaks are Quebrada, 3,040 ft. high in the N., Sugar-loaf, 2,500 ft. in the center, with a peak to the N., 3,881 ft., and another to the E., 4,828 ft. Mt. Patapat, on the N. coast, and another sum- mit, 1,945 ft., inland from Dialao Pt., are the landmarks for navigators rounding the extreme NW. point of Luzon. The surface of the province, hemmed in between these Cordilleras and the China Sea, is much broken by foothills, but the soil is fertile and watered by a number of streams, all emptying into the China Sea, the most important being the Pagsán and Guisi, forming the Laoag, to the N., and the Tasilán or Badoc to the S. The climate is salubrious and particularly beneficial to foreign residents resorting thither from the heats of the more S. provinces and islands for health. Among the natural wonders of the province is a grotto of great beauty and 39 acres in extent, situated in Lice Mt. BAYS AND HARBORS. The coast N. of Mt. Cáuit is generally low, and S. high, with a sandy shore. On the extreme NW. land of this province is C. Bojeador, the first land sighted by vessels approaching Luzon from the N. ports of China. The coast is generally clear. The following are the principal bays and anchorages: Bangui; forming a deep bight on the extreme NW. coast, 102 m. between Dialao and Negra Pts. Cáuit; 17 m. S. of C. Bojeador, and an anchorage from 5 to 10 fms., off the village of same name, on the roadstead of Laoag, on the river Laoag, 10 m. above its mouth. Currimao; on the W. coast, an inlet in the bight of Gan, with an anchorage in 4 fms. Coasting steamers call at this point. Diriqui; on the NW. coast, 5 m. S. of C. Bojeador. This bay affords good anchorage during the NE, monsoon with bearing on the cape light-house, with 12 to 15 fms. outside and 6 to 10 fms, inside, with room for a ship 250 ft. long to swing. Gan; a bight on the W. coast between Culili and Sólod Pts. and Badoc I., 1. m. Currimao port is in the N. part of this bay. Suad; on the W. shore of the extreme NW. pen., S. of Dialao Pt. LIGHT-HOUSES. At C. Bojeador is the most W. of the 3 great lights on the N. coast of Luzón. The Bojeador light is situated on the summit of the hill, 1,750 yds. E. from the NW. extreme of the cape, lat. 18° 30' 18' N., lon. 120° 35' E., the light having 1 flash every minute; 360 ft. above the sea; height of tower 65 ft. and ligh' visible 32 m. The light-house is a stone tower with a white cupola, the average period of the light is about 59 seconds, duration of light about 14 to 15 seconds, eclipse about 44 to 46 seconds. A military station was established at this point. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The trail which leaves Aparri at the mouth of the Grande de Cagayán, following the N. coast through Abúlug, Pamplona, and Clavería, after leaving the latter town continues to C. Bojeador and thence along the W. coast to Pasuquín Pt. From here to Laoag it becomes a fine wagon road; thence S. into Ilocos Sur, and continues along the coast to the gulf of Lingayen, where it takes a SE. course to Manila. From C. Bojeador the road is paralleled by a telegraph line the entire distance, and is also the projected route of a railroad to be continued N. from Dagupan, the present terminus of the road from Manila. From Bátac the road extends to Paoay to the W. and Port Currimao, the best anchorage in the province. Another road runs to the E. through the town of San Miguel, where it divides, leading to Piddig and Solsona toward the E. and to Dingras and Banná to the SE. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 539 POPULATION AND TOWNS. The populla Apayaos, The Tingloca The population is 163,349, a majority of the inhabitants being Ilocanos, although a number of Apayaos, Tinguianes, and Igorrotes also inhabit this province. Ilocano is generally spoken. The Tinguianes living near the principal towns, although hav- ing their own dialects, speak Ilocano. The following is the division of Ilocos Norte into pueblos and their respective popu- lations, according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men, Women. Total. Ilocos Norte: Bacarra Badọc Bangui Banná.. Bátac..... Dingras... Laoag ..... Nagpartían Paoay ..... Pasuquin... Piddig.. San Miguel San Nicolás Solsona... Vintar .. 7,062 6,099 4,020 2, 200 8,446 6,006 15, 324 1,804 6,138 3, 623 4,049 5, 676 6,524 2,119 4, 626 6,887 5,518 3, 744 1, 912 8,535 5, 663 15,546 1, 673 6,009 3, 639 3,779 5,575 6,532 2,031 4, 552 13, 949 11, 617 7,794 4,112 16,981 11, 669 30, 840 3,477 12, 147 7,262 7,828 11, 251 13, 056 4,150 9,178 163, 311 - Total 83,716 81,595 Estimated, 1901, 163,349. There are 15 towns, mostly situated near the sea shore, and 119 villages, also 56 rancherías of wild races. The following are the towns: Laoag; the capital, a port open to coastwise trade, on the r. bank of the river of the same name, 5 m above its mouth. It is beautifully situated on an extensive plain stretching along the river shore for several miles, with a picturesque background of hills. Its name signifies “clearness," on account of the sky and atmosphere, which are almost continuously clear. The town is well built. Pop., 37,094. Badoc; on the SE. shore of Gan Bay, on the coast road, 21 m S. of Laoag. Pop., 10,846. Bacarrá; on the main road, 3 m. N. of Laoag. Pop., 13,735. Bangui; on the SE. shore of the bay of that name, on the extreme NW. coast, 25 m. NNE. of Laoag. Pop., 6,129. Banná; at the fork of Burnay tributary of the Pagsán branch of the Laoag Riv., 14 m. SE. of Laoag, with which it is connected by road. Pop., 2,146. Bátac; on the main road, 10 m. S. of Laoag. It has an important trade, having upward of 19,000 inhabitants, and the largest town in the province. Pop., 16,981 (in 1887). Currimao; a port open to coastwise trade, 16 m. S. by W. of Laoag and 8 m. SW. of Bâtac, of which it is the seaport. Steamers call here frequently. Pop., 5,000, estimated. Dingras; on the l. bank of the Pagsán Riv., before its entrance to Laoag, 8 m. ESE. of Laoag. Pop., 12,600. Nagpartían; on the coast trail inland from Negra, the extreme NW. point not only of the province but of Luzon, 51 m. NE. of C. Bojeador and 19 m. N. of Laoag. Pop., 1,985. Paoay; on the main highway, 11 m. S. of Laoag. Pop., 11,848. Pasuquín; on the main road, 8 m. N. of Laoag. Pop., 5,616. Piddig; on the l. bank of the Guisi Riv., near its junction with the Pagsán, form- ing the Laoag, 9 m. E. of Laoag. Pop., 10,579. San Miguel; on the r. bank of the Laoag Riv., 4 m. above Laoag. Pop., 9,015. San Nicolás; on the l. bank of the Laoag Riv., opposite the town of same name. Pop., 9,578. 540 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Solsona; on the 1. bank of the Guisi Riv., 13 m. E. by S. of Laoag. Pop., 3,991. Vintar; 6 m. NE. of Laoag, on the l. bank of Bacarrá Riv., connected with the main highway at the town of same name. Pop., 11,803. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. There are but 4 islands of geographical importance off the coast of Ilocos Norte: sq. m. Badoc, a tableland of bold outline and moderate height, not wooded, off the W. coast at Sólod Pt., and in the S. approach of Gan Bay. The passage between it and the mainland, è m. wide, has from 11 to 16 fms. The boundary between Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur terminates on the coast 2 m. to the SE....... Three islands lie off Mayrayra, the most N. point of the mainland of Luzon Four dependent islands, total area ........ VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The pof the provincede of tobaccocolate The soil yields bountifully all the grains and fruits adapted to that genial climate. The pasturage of fine herds of cattle is one of the main sources of wealth. In all parts of the province rice and cotton of superior quality are raised, also corn, sugar- cane, and a fair grade of tobacco. In the vicinity of Bangui, in the extreme N., a large amount of tobacco and chocolate is grown. Experiments in the cultivation of wheat and other products of the temperate zone have been very successful. MINERALS. There are fine deposits of iron ore and copper in different parts of the province, the latter having been worked by the natives from time immemorial. FORESTS. In the mountains are found the very best of the indigenous woods of the Philippines, besides the pine and oak and other woods of the temperate zone, much of it being shipped to Manila. Pitch, honey, and wax are found in abundance. The forests also abound in wild carabaos, boars, deer, jungle owls, pigeons, and many other varieties of birds. FRUITS The pineapple, orange, and lemon are the principal fruits. INDUSTRIES. The inhabitants are among the most progressive and industrious of any of the native races of the Philippines. The male portion of the inhabitants are chiefly occupied in agriculture, horse and cattle raising, and fishing in the rivers and along the coast where fish are abundant. The women are principally occupied in spinning and weaving. Paoay is particularly celebrated for the manufacture of a specialty known throughout the archipelago as the "blankets of Ilocos," which are entirely the work of the women of the province. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The establishment of military control was one of the earliest events in American occupation, owing to the particular necessity of the maintenance of the light-house at C. Bojeador. On February 15, 1902, the following were the military stations in Ilocos Norte: Currimao, * Dingras, a Laoag, $a Paoay. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Ilocos Norte was created under the provincial government act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the Philippine Commission of August 20, 1901, to embrace “that territory in the island of Luzón known as the province of Ilocos Norte." * Telephone. $ Post-office. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 541 PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States currency.] Governor Secretary Treasurer.. Supervisor Fiscal ... $1,800 1,300 2, 100 1.700 1, 300 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceeding $2.50 per day as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province shall meet on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October, to consider improvements needed in the province, and for other purposes prescribed by law. CONDITIONS. “The establishment of the provincial government * * * and entry upon office of the provincial officials * * * caused a feeling of general satisfaction among the inhabitants, who have seen in it a favorable change in their political situation. Their conviction was furthermore confirmed by the organization of the municipali- ties of the province, to all of which the benefit of the new régime was extended. * * * The establishment of provincial government with its provincial board, and of the municipal governments with their municipal councils have been and are most favorably received by all the inhabitants." (Official report of the provincial governor of Ilocos Norte, January, 1902.) ILOCOS SUR, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Ee-loh'-cohs, nat.; soor, Sp.) Capital: Vigan, lat. 17° 35' N., lon. 120° 25' E. Area: Mainland, 490 sq. m.; 2 dependent islands, 1 sq. m.; total 491 sq. m. Population: 185,792. Race: Principally Ilocano. Language: Ilocano. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Vigan to- Bangued.... Laoag, Ilocos Norte, N... 47 Manila, S. 210 San Fernando, Unión. LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Ilocos Sur is the central of the three stretching along the W. coast of Luzon between the extreme N. and the gulf of Lingayén. It is bounded on the N. by Ilocos Norte; on the E. by Ilocos Norte, Abra, and Lepanto; on the S. by Unión, and on the W. by the China Sea. AREA. The territory consists of a narrow strip 70 m. from N. to S., 54 m. from E. to W. on its N. boundary and 21 m. in the same direction on its S. boundary, its least width being but 2 m. from the sea coast to the Ilocos Norte boundary, S. of Sináit, in the N. Area: Mainland, 490 sq. m.; 2 dependent islands, 1 sq. m.; total, 491 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The entire E. boundary is formed by the coast line of mountains, which fall in graceful terraces toward the seacoast. The streams are small and their volume regu- lated entirely by the season. The Amburayan Great Riy., which forms part of the boundary between this province and Union on the S., is the largest stream in the province. The highest summits are Nagapú, 4,154 ft., inland from Salomague Bay, and Bulagao, 3,629 ft., at the intersection of the E. boundary with the E. line of Ilocos Norte, which here comes to a point. This mountain stands about the same distance from Vigan and Bangued, the capital of Abra. Another summit SE. of Vigan is 1,408 ft.; Mt. Estilete, inland from Santa Lucía, 4,446 ft., and Mt. Monserrat, a few miles farther S. on the boundary, 5,617 ft. high. The Abra, a river of great volume, crosses its N. half in a distance of 10 m, and enters the sea at Vigan, the provincial capital. 52 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BAYS AND HARBORS. The coast of Ilocos Sur, 69 m. from N. to S. in a direct line, is indented with a number of bays and roadsteads sheltered from the winds of the NE. monsoon, as follows: Lapuc, or Lapug, or Salut-Salut (Solón-Solón on some charts); S. of Salo- mague port, separated by a point and sheltered from the same winds, with 7 fms. Mt. Bulagao, 3,629 ft. high, is situated to the SE. Salomague; sheltered from all winds except between SW. and WNW. The island of the same name stretches along the N. side of the port. This port is convenient for vessels in the vicinity of Vigan during the SW. monsoon, at which season landing at that point is inaccessible. The anchorage is 7 fms. Coast steamers call here monthly. Solbec; 3 m. NW. of Narvacán and 12 m. S. of Dile Pt. The coast highway touches the shore of this bay at the village of the same name. Small vessels can anchor in front of the town sheltered from all except SW. winds. Vigan; a roadstead sheltered from N. winds by Dile Pt., but exposed to the S. and W. Anchorage 10 to 12 fms., near the shore, with the river bearing to the E. About 10 m. inland to the ENE. is a chasm between 2 mountains named Abra de Vigan, or Gap of Vigan, a mark used by navigators. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. and igan; a rown shelterede village of 12 About ; Anchoradead shelteren all except ame na The coast highway traverses this province from N. to S., on the way touching sev- eral convenient ports, and with but one exception connecting the towns and most of the villages. There are a number of permanent bridges of wood, brick, and cane. A railroad has been projected along the route of this highway. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population of Ilocos Sur, Cn. 1887, 179,903, the greater part being Ilocanos. There are a few hamlets of Tinguianes in the mountains, each with its own dialect. The former comandancia of Amburayan, in the S. part of the province, adjoining the boundary with Unión, comprising 30,000 inhabitants, mostly Igorrotes, distributed among 34 towns and 76 hamlets, Alilem being the chief, and Luyo and Cabacán towns of less importance, under act of May, 1902, was constituted a subprovince of Lepanto-Bontoc. The former comandancia of Tiagán, also in the S. part of the province, comprises 5,889 inhabitants, divided among 25 hamlets and 53 villages, the principal, San Emillo, with a population of 1,668. The following is the division of Ilocos Sur into pueblos and their respective popu- lations, according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. Ilocos Sur: Bantay .... Cabûgao.. Candon.... Caoayan.. Lapo....... Magsingal Narvacản. Nueva Coveta .... Salcedo...... San Esteban.. San Ildefonso. San Vicente Santa ........ Santa Catalina. Santa Cruz. Santa Lucía Santa Maria ..... Santiago..... Santo Domingo. Sevilla... Sinait. Tagudin.. Vigan. 2, 924 6, 127 8,774 3,136 3,515 4,717 8,550 225 809 1, 362 1,311 2, 637 4, 127 2,571 3,847 3,562 2,826 5,855 9,197 2, 208 3,311 41, 817 9, 843 210 993 1,459 1,273 2,832 4,573 2,596 3, 809 4,004 6, 341 2,074 4,058 728 3,784 7,079 7,231 5,750 11, 982 17,971 5,344 6, 826 9,534 18, 393 435 1, 802 2,821 2,584 5, 469 8,700 5,167 7,656 7,566 12, 622 4,123 8,114 1,495 7,503 o 281 2,049 4,056 767 3, 719 6,718 7,018 13, 797 14, 249 Total 88, 801, 91, 101 179, 903 Estimated, 1901, 215,792. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 543 Cabuen; on the maining ecclesiastical government fine streets aled by Salcedo, way; There are 22 towns and 587 villages or hamlets and 55 hamlets of mountain races in Ilocos Sur, exclusive of the former comandancias. Vîgan; the capital of the province, open to coastwise trade, on the main highway, near the r. bank of the N. outlet of the Abra Riv. It was founded by Salcedo, and was originally known as Villa Fernandina. It has fine streets and many buildings of durable construction, including local government edifices, barracks, prison, semi- nary, and several imposing ecclesiastical structures. Pop., 19,000. Bantay; on the main highway, 1 m. N. of Vigan. Pop., 6,449. Cabugao; on the coast highway, 17 m. N. of Vigan. Pop., 8,259. Candón; a port open to coastwise trade, on the main road, 25 m. S. of Vigan, being the third in the province. Pop., 15,797. Caoayan; on the r. bank of the N. outlet of the Abra Riv., 1 m. S. of Vigan. Pop., 6,050. Lapo; on the main highway, 13 m. N. of Vigan. Pop., 6,000. Magsingal; on the main highway, 9 m. N. of Vigan. Pop., 8,446. Narvacán; on the main road, 13 m. SSE. of Vigan. The largest town in the province. Pop., 16,500. Salcedo; near the E. boundary, toward Lepanto, 31 m. S. by E. of Vigan. Pop., 914. Salomague; on the port of that name, 15 m. N. of Vigan. San Esteban; on the main highway and on the port of that name, 17 m. SSE. of Vigan. Pop., 2,132. San Ildefonso; on the main highway, 3 m. N. of Vigan. Pop., 2,033. Santa; on the l. bank of the Abra Riv., 3 m. E. of Vigan. Pop., 8,532. Santa Catalina; on a small river between Vigan and the coast, 3 m. W. of the former. Pop., 5,100. Santa Cruz; on the main highway, 34 m. S. of Vigan. Pop., 5,876. Santa Lucía; on the main highway and coast, 30 m. S. of Vigan. Pop., 7,113. Santa María; on the main highway, 15 m. SSE. of Vigan. Pop., 10,036. Santiago; on the main road and on the port of the same name, 18 m. S. of Vigan. Pop., 4,087. Santo Domingo; on the main highway, 6 m. N. of Vigan. Pop., 8,931. San Vicente; on the main highway, 2 m. NW. of Vigan. Pop., 5,237. Sináit; a military and telegraph station and the most N. town in the province, near Ilocos Norte boundary, on the coast highway, and 22 m. N. of Vigan. Pop., 7,936. Tagudín; a military station on the main highway, 2 m. N. of Unión boundary, 47 m. S. of Vigan. Pop., 4,055. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. There are but 2 islands of any importance off this portion of the China Sea coast of N. Luzón: sq. m. Pinget; low and covered with forests, opposite Magsingal, NW. of Santo Domingo Pt.; point and island form a small anchorage .... Salomague; on the N. side of the port of same name....... 2 dependent islands, total area VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The soil is fertile, producing all the crops adapted to the latitude. Of the 434 sq. kilometers under cultivation in this province, according to late statistics, 282 were in rice, 55 in corn, 1 in wheat, 34 in indigo, 29 in sugar, 2 in chocolate, 2 in maguey fiber, 65 in vegetables, and 64 in peanuts. The Igorrotes and tribes called Buric and Busao of the mountains cultivate rice, coffee, chocolate, corn, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, cotton, and vegetables. MINERALS. The mountains abound in copper, which is worked in a rude way by the Igorrotes. FORESTS. The principal woods are panorapin, palo de china, casisguís, deran, banaba, aculao, and busilising. Its mountains also abound in plants of medicinal value. 544 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. FRUITS. Pineapples and bananas are the most abundant of the fruits of this province. INDUSTRIES. The m: Narvacán, San In Vigan is a l the larger and me, when the The industries consist of weaving of cotton cloth and the manufacture of baskets, hats, card cases, and pipes. There is scarcely a town in Ilocos Sur which is without its looms, managed entirely by women, who weave cotton cloth for domestic use. The most prominent towns in this line of industry are Bantay, near Vîgan, the capital; Narvacán, San Ildefonso, and San Vicente. In these towns are also a num- ber of furniture shops. In Vigan is a large carriage manufactory which turns out carriages of all classes and prices. In all the larger and many of the smaller towns one day in the week is set apart for market, called “Tiangue," when the staples, vege- tables, and fruits of the country, cloth, silk, and cotton manufactured in the province, pottery, and cloth made in China are bought and sold. There is also a considerable outside traffic, the chief articles of export being indigo, cocoanut, sugar, brown sugar, sweet potatoes, cotton, and maguey fiber. The imports are rice, the production not equaling the local demand, preserves from Europe, dried fish, iron and manufac- tures thereof, oil, alcohol, and indigo seed. A chief source of wealth is the enormous number of cattle and swine raised. ; and cor Tiang many of ty which UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The establishment of military posts in this province kept pace with the earliest occupation of N. Luzón. On February 15, 1902, the following were the military stations in Ilocos Sur: Salomague. Santa María. Vigan. $a CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Ilocos Sur was created under the provincial government act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the Philippine Commission of August 16, 1901, to embrace that territory in the island of Luzon known as the province of Ilocos Sur. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States currency.] Governor... Secretary .. Treasurer. Supervisor. Fiscal ..... $1,800 1,300 2, 100 1,700 1,400 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceeding $2.50 per day as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province shall meet on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October to consider improvements needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. CONDITIONS. "Since the surrender * * * this province has been completely pacified, and from that time until the present all the pueblos have enjoved the tranquility and personal security of normal times before the outbreak of the insurrection against Spain. * * * As a consequence of this pacification, the natives, as well as the Americans, military and civil, inhabitants of this province, can now visit all the pueblos with entire freedom and safety, without any fear whatever of even male- factors and road agents, which fortunately do not exist in this province.”—(Official report of the provincial governor of Ilocos Sur, December, 1902.) * Telegraph. Telephone. $ Post-office. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 545 ILOG (ee'-log), nat.; important river of Negros | ILOG, ABRA DE-Continued. Occidental, formed by junction of Tablas ris Two rivers enter, E. of which, 2 m. inland, is ing in Puente de Patioto tableland and E. flog, which may be reached by small coasters branch, having its springs in Tipasi or Ang, and bancas at high water. among S. mountains of Negros Oriental, 14 m. inland from its mouth, on S. shore of Gui- town at junction of 2 rivers, 2 m. above marás Strait, 2 m. NW. of San Juan de llog, mouth of main stream, entering bay of Ilog on its r. bank. on N. coast of Mindoro, 27 m. W. of Calapán; 21 m. E. by S. of Del Monte Pt.; 24 m. SSE. – river descending from Mt. Malarayat and of Santiago C., S. coast of Batangas, Luzón. flowing into bay of Tayabas, Luzón. Town can only be reached from bay by small ILOG, ABRA DE (ah'-brah day eel-log), Hisp.; coasters and bancas at high water. Pop., 1,272. cove between 2 hills on N. coast of Mindoro, high, thickly wooded, and bordered by sand ILOG, SAN JUAN DE (sahn hwan day ee'-log), beaches, toward Del Monte Pt. 'Shore of cove Hisp.; pueblo near W. coast of Negros Occi- is low and sandy, and 3 m. across. Anchor dental, at E. mouth of river of same name. age shelters vessels of all sizes in SW. winds. Pop., 6,070. ILOILO, PANAY, VISAYAS, PROVINCE OF. (Ee-loh-ee'-loh, ver.) Capital: Iloilo, lat. 10° 42' N., lon. 122° 35' E. Area: Mainland, 1,776 sq. m.; dependent islands, 326 sq. m.; total, 2,102 sq. m. Population: 462,444. Race: Visayan. Language: Visayan. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay. Table of distances. From Iloilo to- Manila, N. W ......... Manila, via Iloilo and Mindoro straits........ Puerto Princesa, Palawan, across Sulu Sea.... Romblon, N....... Zamboanga, via Sulu Sea .... m . 297 440 276 ... 181 .... 276 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Iloilo includes all of the E. and SE. coast of the island of Panay from Pt. Bulacaue, lat. 11° 34' N. to Nasog Pt., lat. 10° 34' N., and has a coast line, 140 m. It is bounded on the N. by Cápiz and the Visayan Sea; on the E. by the Visayan Sea and the strait of Iloilo; on the S. by Mindoro Sea, and on the W. by Antique. AREA. Its greatest length is 111 m. from NE, to SW., and 34 m. from NW. to SE. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The range of mountains follows the line of boundary with Cápiz and Antique with an elevation ranging from 951 to 5,200 ft. in the S. and from 1,959 (Sibala Mt.) to 2,815 ft. (Agudo Mt.) in the NE. From this range the surface descends over an undulating country to the coast. There are numbers of fine rivers, the most impor- tant of which are the Jalaur and its branches, and the Jaro (formed by the junction of the Tigón and Aganan), which enters the strait N. of Iloilo, and the Iloilo, which enters at the city of that name. The general aspect of the country is that of a well- cultivated and planted park. BAYS AND HARBORS. The coast approaching Iloilo Strait from the N. is indented with a number of bays sheltered by numerous islands. Iloilo Strait, between Guimarás I. and the main- land, has several bays sheltered by that island. Vessels of 15 ft. can ascend the Iloilo Riv., an arm of the sea, to the town of that name. Large vessels anchor outside near the spit. Within the bar the depth increases from 16 to 23 ft. The indenta- tions in the coast S. of the strait are practically open roadsteads. On Guimarás Strait, between that island and Negros 74 m. wide, the channel being reduced to 2 m. by the islets and banks at the S. entrance, there are several small bays shel- tered by the island off the SE. coast. The E. coast of this island is clear and has a depth of 52 fms. at a distance of 1 m. S. Doc. 280- 35 546 GÁZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LIGHT-HOUSES. The Iloilo coast of Panay is one of the best lighted in the archipelago, as follows: Calabazas; S. extremity of the E. island, lat. 11° 4' 30" N., lon. 123° E.; 1 flash as follows: Every 15 seconds 3 flashes m quick succession, with total eclipses; 100 ft. above the sea; tower 39 ft. high; light visible 18 m. Gigante I.; on the salient point of the N. extremity, lat. 11° 39' N., lon. 123° 21' 20" E.; 1 flash, white and red, as follows: Every 15 seconds 3 white flashes, followed by 1 red flash; light 78 ft. above sea level; tower 38 ft. high, cylindrical on square base, light gray color; visible 16 m. Guimarás I.; SW. extremity, 54 m. N. 24° 30' W. from Lusarang Pt., lat. 10° 28' 20" N., lon. 122° 27' 4" E.; 1 flash, white and red, as follows: Every 15 seconds group of 3 white flashes, followed by 1 red flash; 112 ft. above the sea; height of tower 58 ft.; visible 17 m. The structure, cylindrical iron tower, white and gray, in front of rectangular dwelling, with which it is connected by 2 lateral pavilions. Iloílo; r. point of entrance to Iloilo Riv., lat. 10° 41' 51" N., lon. 1220 35/29'' E.; 1 flash light red; 28 ft. above the sea; 23 ft., height of tower; visible 7 m. Manigonigo; islet off the NE. extremity of Panay I., lat. 11° 37' N., lon. 123° 11' 15" E.; light, 1 flash every 5 seconds; 69 ft. above the sea; tower 29 ft. high; light visible 16 m.; structure, cylindrical iron tower with balcony around lantern; gray; stands at the middle of rear face of main building. Siete Pecados; Iloilo Strait, lat. 10° 46' 4" N., lon. 122° 40' 14" E.; light, 1 flash with red sector; 98 ft. above the sea; 29 ft. height of tower; visible 13 m. Structure cylindrical; iron; surmounting keepers' dwelling. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The province of Iloilo has some of the best-built gravel roads in the archipelago. The principal towns are in cart-road communication with Iloilo, and the rest of the settlements are in communication with these highways by means of trails. The larger rivers are navigable for native boats, especially in the rainy season, some of them to the foot of the mountains. By means of these communications the products of the country are largely concentrated at Iloilo. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The city of Manila, separated from the contiguous territory, makes Iloilo the most populous province of the archipelago, having, according to the official census of 1887, 423,462 inhabitants. In the coast towns are many European and Chinese half-castes. There are also many Chinese. In the mountains separating the province from Cápiz and Antique are numbers of families of Negritos, of Aetas, and others. These are in race, language, and customs largely Visayan. These Montescos or Monteses (moun- taineers) have as a rule but one name, family name being lacking; have never embraced the Catholic religion, practice polygamy, and are very much feared by the average Visayan on account of their lack of respect for human life. Among the Visayans they occupy a place similar to that occupied by the Apaches in this coun- try. In the former province of Concepción the population in 1897 was 38,982, making an aggregate of 462, 444 inhabitants. The language spoken is Visayan. The following is the division of Iloilo into pueblos, and their populatious accord- ing to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. Iloilo: Ajuy.. Alimodián. Anilao.... Arévalo. Banate ...... Barotac Nuevo Barotac Viejo. Buenavista... Cabatuan.... Calinog..... Carlés .. 4,718 5,092 1, 839 1,596 3, 216 6,378 3,456 4,670 5, 705 1, 620 1, 690 3,036 6, 357 3, 120 3,002 10,342 3, 879 4,993 9, 388 10,197 3, 459 3,286 6, 252 12, 775 6, 576 5,972 20, 284 7,754 10, 234 2,970 9,942 3,875 5, 441 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 547 Totol population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men Women. Total. 2, 017 1, 618 6, 297 3,423 282 15 do . .. . . . .. . 6, 184 12, 712 Iloilo Continued. Concepción.... Córdoba ... Dingle. Dueñas. Dumangas.. Guimbal. Igbarás.. Iloilo.. Janiuay Jaro .......... Lambunao Leganés... Lemery... León Lucena ... Maasin ....... Mandurriao. Miagao..... Mina ... Molo Nagaba. Otón Passi. Pavía. Paz, La... Pototan ... San Dionisio... San Enrique..... San Joaquín. San Miguel... Santa Bárbara.. Sara. Tigbauan. Tubungan. 3,895 2,265 1,231 6, 362 2,597 5,194 2,599 10, 348 2.458 3, 636 2,804 7,332 4.330 3,959 1,908 10, 325 2,195 1,526 6,349 3, 373 7,536 3,246 5,066 2,621 2, 830 1,855 1,600 6,503 2,916 8,454 5, 744 5,080 5,780 13, 031 5,610 3,832 2,288 1, 262 6,697 2,806 5, 282 2,640 10,384 2,662 3,645 2,987 7, 235 4,299 3,965 1,964 10,587 2, 180 1,558 6,167 3,457 7,631 3, 204 4,838 2, 696 2,857 3,872 3,218 12, 800 6,339 16,736 11, 562 9,952 11, 364 25, 743 10,993 7, 727 4,553 2, 493 13, 059 5, 403 10, 476 5, 259 20, 732 5,720 7, 281 5,794 14,567 8,629 7,924 3,872 20, 912 4,375 3,084 12,516 6,830 15, 167 6,451 9, 904 6,317 5,687 421,868 Zárraga.... Total.. 210,957 210, 911 Estimated, 1901, 462,444. Philippines in export the latter Australian coal ang at occur in many other places hi Iloílo; the provincial capital, a port of entry, department headquarters, telegraph and military station, stands on a low sandy flat near the r. bank of the river of that name. Vessels drawing 15 ft. of water can reach the city at all times and have pro- tection against all storms. It is built on an irregular plan, its two principal streets following the course of the river. Its public buildings and private houses are of good construction. Next to Manila it is the most important commercial town in the Philippines in exports and imports, the former consisting of tobacco, rice, coffee, hides, and hemp, and the latter Australian coal and general merchandise. The place is not subject to the severe visitations of typhoons that occur in many other places in the archipelago. Pop., 13,000 (authority of Lieutenant Grant), and of Molo, a sub- urb, 1,600. Ajuy (Ahui); on the N. shore of a bay opening on Iloilo Strait, 41 m. N. of Iloilo. Pop., 1,000. Alimodian; on the r. bank of the Tigón Riv., 13 m. NW. of Iloilo. Pop., 11,387. Anílao; on the coast road, 22 m. NNE. of Iloilo. Was destroyed by fire in 1900. Pop., cn. 1887, 3.4.5.coast road, 22 m. NNEN Riv., 13 m. NW. of I Arévalo; pop., 3,594. Balasan; in the NE. of Concepción district, 62 m. from Iloilo. Banate; on the N. shore of a bay, 22 m. N. of Iloilo. Pop., 6,764. Barotac Nuevo; on the 1. bank of the Jalaur, near the junction of an important tributary, 16 m. NNE. of Iloilo. Pop., 11,805. Barotac Viejo; on the l. bank of a river entering Iloilo Strait, 30 m. NE. of Iloilo. Pop., 5,590. Bátad; near the shore of a bay in Concepción district, 61 m. NNE. of Iloílo. Pop., 12,964, with Estancia. Buenavista; near the NW. shore of Guimarás I., 4m. opposite Iloilo. Pop., 3,497. Cabatuan; on a tributary of the Suague Riv., 15 m. NW. of Iloilo. Pop., 18,177. Calínog; on the 1, bank of the Jalaur Riv., 27 m. NNW. of Iloilo. Pop., 8,866. 548 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Carlés; on the W. shore of the extreme NE. peninsula, 69 m. N. of Iloilo. Pop., 10,300. Colasi; on the shore of the strait, in the S. of Concepción district, 37 m. NE. of Iloilo. Pop., 6,228, with Ajuy. Concepción; on the W. channel by Sombrero I. to Iloilo Strait and opposite the S. part of that island, 50 m. NE. of Iloílo, Pop., 5,736. Córdoba; between 2 branches of an important river, 14 m. W. of Iloilo. Pop., 2,744. Dingle; on the r. bank of the Jalaur Riv., 20 m. NW. of Iloilo, on the main road N. from Iloilo through Jaro, Santa Bárbara, and Pototan. A fire in December, 1900, destroyed all buildings except a very large stone church. Town was rebuilt, but structures were of bamboo and nipa, owing to the difficulty of obtaining lumber. Pop., 11,00were of bam except a ve ¢k, marble, and ircamous for its church mi, above its outlet Dueñas; on the main road between Dingle and Passi, near the junction of the Ulián with the Jalaur Riv., 22 m. N. of Iloilo. Pop., 7,130.- Dumangas; near the r. bank of the Jalaur Riv., 2 m. above its outlet in Iloílo Strait, 14 m. NE. of Iloilo. Famous for its church building and convent built of pressed brick, marble, and iron. A town of considerable importance, and early engaged in active participation in the insurrection against the Spaniards. Totally destroyed by fire in June, 1900, during a fight between the insurgents and a detach- ment of the Twenty-sixth Volunteer Infantry. Rebuilding began in May, 1901, imme- diately after the surrender of the last band of insurgents in Panay I. Pop., 14,114. Estancia; on the channel opposite Calagnán I., 66 m. N. of Iloilo. Pop., 12,964, with Bâtad. Guimbal; at the mouth of a river emptying into the strait, 28 m. W. by S. of Iloilo. Pop., cn. 1887, 11,562. Igbarás; on the r. bank of a river emptying into the strait 19 m. W. of Iloilo. Popa 12,140 in the hill country Janiuay; in the hill country between the Jalaur and its Suague tributary, 19 m. WNW. of Iloilo. Pop., 28,738. Jaro; on a plain along the r. bank of the large river of the same name, navigable for bamboo rafts and flat boats engaged in river trade. It was crossed by a massive stone bridge, swept away in a flood about 1898. The town, 4 m. NW. of Iloilo, is one of the earliest of the Spanish settlements in the archipelago, having been founded in 1584. In 1865 it was made an episcopal see, separating it from Cebú by bull of Pius IX. The town has some good buildings. Pop., 10,333. Lambunao; near the foot of the W. boundary range, 26 m. NW. by N. of Iloílo. Pop., 7,989. La Paz; near the head of the bay, 24 m. NW. of Iloilo, and practically part of that city. Pop., 3,641. Leganés; near the strait coast, 73 m. N. of Iloilo. Pop., 2,875. Lemery; in the district of Concepción, near the Cápiz boundary, 43 m. NE. of Iloilo. Pop., 3,677. León; near the bank of one of the large rivers, 15. m. WNW. of Iloilo. Pop., 13,950. Lucena; on main road between Santa Bárbara and Pototan, at the junction of the Suague with the Jalaur, 15 m. N. of Iloilo. Pop., 6,511. Maasin; at the headwaters of a tributary of the Suague branch of the Jalaur Riv., 19 m. NW. of Iloilo. Pop., 9,674. Mandurriao; on the 1. bank of a river entering Iloilo Bay, 5 m. NW. of that town. Pop., 6,749. Miagao; on the S. shore of Iloílo Strait, 36 m. W. of Iloílo. Pop., 22,100. Mina; at the junction of two tributaries of the Suague Riv., between Pototan and Janiuay, 17 m. N. of Iloilo, Pop., 4,357. Molo; near the w. shore of the strait of Iloílo, 11 m. NW. of that city. Pop., 9,547. Nagabá; on a small bay on the NW. shore of Guimarás I., 3 m. S. of Iloilo, across the strait. Pop., 8,000. Otón; on the shore of the strait, 7 m. W. of Iloilo. Pop., 13,363. Passi; at the junction of the Malínao and Jalaur Rivs., 25 m. N. of Iloilo. Pop., 13,802. Pavía; at the junction of the Tigón and Aganan Rivs., 8 m. NW. of Iloílo. Pop., 10,221. Pototan; well laid out, with a large church, convent and dwellings, on the r. bank of the Jalaur, 17 m. N. of Iloílo. Pop., 14,512. San Dionisio; on the N. channel of Iloilo Strait, 19 m. NE. of Iloílo. Pop., 1,782. San Enrique; on the l. bank of the Jalaur, 24 m. N. of Iloilo. Pop., 3,015. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 549 San Joaquín; on the coast of the S. approach to Iloilo Strait, 31 m. W. by S. of Iloilo. Pop., 13,918. San Miguel; on a tributary of a river entering the strait, 10 m. NW. of Iloilo. Pop., 7,300. Santa Bárbara; near the r. bank of Tigón Riv., 12 m. N. by W. of Iloílo. Pop., 13,000. Sara; in Concepción district, 22 m. NW. of that town and 49 m. NE. of Iloilo. Pop., 10,950, with 5 other towns. Tigbauan; on the shores of the S. approach to Iloilo Strait, 15 m. W. of Iloilo. Pop., 9,109. Tubungan; on the r. bank of a river, 17 m. WNW. of Iloilo. Pop., 4,368. Zárraga; on the r. bank of the Janipaan, 11 m. N. by E. of Iloilo. Pop., 5,208. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. - - - - - - - - The E. and S. coasts of this province on the island of Panay are generally clear, except opposite the district of Concepción, N. of the entrance to Iloilo Strait, and off the S. coast of the large island of Guimarás. The following is a list of the dependent islands: sq. m. Anauayan; in the N. entrance to Iloilo Strait, 2m. E. by S. of Tagubanhan I.; it is 336 ft. high and visible 15 m. off; intervening channel is 15 fms.. Antonia; one of the most S. of the Gigantes Is., 12 m. E. of Carlés Pen., intervening channel 6 to 8 fms ................................................... Babálod; one of a cluster of 7 islets and rocks in the opening of Igán Bay, W. coast of Guimarás.. Bagabú; near the S. point of Tagil; channel between it and Bulubadiangan, 2 m. wide, is 7 fms.. Balbagán; the most W. of the Gigantes Is., 9 m. E. of Bulacaue Pt., 100 ft. high; depth of channel 7 to 16 fms.: N. passage being the better for vessels of large craft....... Baliguian; 10 m. E. of Bulubadiangan; 100 ft. high; around it are 15 to 20 fmg.; it is one of the best natural marks for vessels making Iloilo Strait from the N. and from the E. to clear the numerous shoals about the route........ Bantigui; one of the Gigantes Is., 13 m. E. of Carlés Pen...... Bayás; group of 4 islets of little height, 3 m. off the mainland and 2 m. SE. of Calagnán I. Binauan; 2 small islets in the middle of the bay near the coast, with 4 fms. around it... Binuluangan (Balín); off the NE. coast, opposite the Estancia Pen. Buglug; # m. SE. of Pan de Azúcar I.... Bulubadiangan; one of the E. of the group of islands at the N. entrance to Iloilo Strait, 3 m. off Concepción.. Buri; an inshore island at the N. entrance to Iloilo Strait........ Cabúgao; one of the Gigantes Is., 12, m. E. of Carlés Pen...... Calabazas; 2 islets of little height, S. of Sáloc islet, 4 m, from the mainland, with 5 to 7 m between them on the coast; one of the lights to the N. entrance to Iloilo Strait.... Calagnán; 2 m. off the NE. shore, 3 m. N. and S., 3 m. E. and W.... Canas; 2 m. E. of Calagnán I.; the channel is from 7 to 11 fms...... Culebra; 54 m. E. of the mainland and 4. m. NE. of Pan de Azúcar, 200 ft. high ... Dunao; one of the N. islands in the entrance to the strait of Iloilo; the channels have from 31 to 4 fms ....... Gigantes or Sibuluac; 2 islands of moderate height, with islets and sharp-detached rocks, off the extreme NE. coast of Panay. (Islands of this group are arranged alphabetically in the general list).............................................. Gigantes Norte, or Sibuluac Babay, the most N. of a group of 7 islands, 9 m. E. of the extreme NE, point of Panay, 2 m. long and im. wide...... Gigantes Sur, or Sibuluac Lalaqui; & m. S. of the N. island, with a channel from 11 to 6 fms.: 3 small islets lie 2,400 ft. SE....... Guimarás; is 27 m. long and 18 m. wide, situated at the S. entrance of the strait which sep- arates Panay and Negros; it is very flat in front of the coast of Iloilo, with which it forms the channel of this name; interior is mountainous, the summits of Jaljat, Pandán, and Acdan being visible from Negros, about 30 to 40 m. distant; the soil is fertile and pro- duces rice, hemp, cotton, corn, and tobacco in small quantities; most important towns are Buenavista, with 4,383 inhabitants; Nagabá, with 6,279, besides a large number of small vil- lages; chief occupations are agriculture and fishing: there is considerable manufacture of fabrics; island with the mainland forms the Strait of Iloilo, SE. coast is bordered by a num- ber of islets, which render navigation very difficult ..... 243 Guiuanon; a narrow strip 2 m. long, 3 m. off the S. shore of Guimaras.... Inampulugan; in mid-channel between Guimarás and Negros, 3 m. off the coast of the former; is 3 m. N. and S., and the same E. and W. Lalunga; in the channel between Guimarás I. and Negros, 3 m, off the coast of the former... Luginot; in the channel between Calagnan and the mainland, off Estancia ... Lulugbán. (See Nabúnut). Lusaráng: 1 m. NW. of the S. point of Guimaras I...... Magoisi: 2 m. N. of Pan de Azúcar .... Malangaban; NE. point of the islands in the N. entrance to Iloilo Strait, 1} m. SE. of Pan de Azúcar, with an islet near the SW. part; channels are from 9 to 12 fms ..... Manigonigo: 90 ft. high, 2. m. E. of Bulacaue, the extreme NE. point; intervening channels are 27 to 4 fms., and only suitable for small craft; a light-house station... Nabúnut, or Lulugbán; 4 m. w. by S. of Pt. Bulacaue, the extreme NE. point of Panay: 100 it, high .......................................................................... .... Nadúlao; in mid-channel between Guimarás I. and Negros, 4 m. from either coast.. Nagarao; in the channel between Guimarás and Inampulugan..... Nalibos: in channel between Guimarás and Inampulugan, 1 m. off coast of former. Nauai; 3 m. off SE. coast of Guimarás ... ..... .. .. .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . .............. .... .. 550 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. sq. m. Panabulon; in channel between Guimarás and Guiuanon Is., 4 m. off coast of former; another island lies in channel between this and mainland; area aggregating ........ Pan de Azúcar (sugar loaf); 2 m. off E. coast, largest of 5 N. islands, at N. entrance of chan- nel to Iloilo; is 4 by 24 m. long; one of the 2 conspicuous peaks which are loftiest, and has an elevation of 2,037 ft. above sea ....... Pepitas; a cluster of black rocks 7 ft. high, 2 m. S. of Calabazas; vessels can pass between them and the latter island, and also mainland .... Ragalumbi; off coast of Estancia...... Sáloc; an inshore island at N. entrance to Iloilo Strait.. Sibuluac Lalaqui; Gigantes Sur Is., 12 m. E. of Bulacaue Pt.. Sicogon; high, and 7 m. E. of Estancia Pen., 3 m. NE. and SW.; channel between it and Calagnán, 4 m. wide, 7 to 12 fms. deep, clear and safe, and recommended for vessels making for Iloilo Strait ....................... Siete Pecados; a group of several large rocks situated in the middle of channel from Iguana bank and a little before reaching the sheltered water formed by the N. point of Guimarás and coast of Panay; highest of these is about 25 ft. above water, and all of them are precipitous; straits at this point are but 4 m. wide; channel between them and mainland, m. wide, is from 9 to 20 fms, deep, and that between them and Guimarás, of same width, is 7 to 10 fms.; there is a light on one of these islands...... Sombrero; one of the larger islands of the group in the middle of the N. entrance to Iloilo Strait; its S. point is opposite Concepcion, the former capital of the district of that name; channel is 6 fms ....... Susan; in the channel, 4 m, wide between Guimarás and Inampulúgan..... Tacubanhan; one of the larger islands in the N. entrance to Iloilo Strait, a little more than 1 m. SE. of Bacahúan headland on the Panay coast, with which it forms a strait called Apitón; is 4 m. NNE. and SSW. and 2 m, wide; 2 m, off the shore..... Tagil; between Pan de Azúcar and Bacahúan headland, 4 m. long and of moderate height; the passage between the island and the coast is from 11 to 21 fms .. Tago; in mid-channel between Bulubadiangan and Sombrero Is., in the N. entrance to Iloilo Strait.... Tandog; 2 m. NNW. of Lusarang Pt. and # m. off the extreme S. point of Guimarás; in the vicinity are a number of islets and rocks............ Tiniguibản; one of 7 islets in the entrance to Igán Bay, W. coast of Guimarás ..... Tuhinanáun; in Sw. of the Gigantes Is., 4. m. E. of Carlés Pen., 200 ft. high and 1 m. long NE. and SW.; channel is 2, to 4 fms...... Tumaquín; 1 m. NE. of Sicogon I ....... Uaidajon; 700 yds. E. of the NE. extremity of Gigante Norte; 3 detached rocks within the channel lie between it and other channels having from 5 to 9 fms.. Unisan; a group of rocks 9 m. SE. of Lusarang, the extreme s point of Guimarás; islets and the passages occupy 3 m.; soundings in the neighborhood show 6% to 8 fms. to the N., and 20 fms. within 1 m. E................................................................................. The following islands, unnamed on the chart, lie off the coast of Concepción district: Adcalayo, Baybong, Bítad, Nasichuan, Pangalancalangan, Pulupantao... UULL A . ............ 80 dependent islands, total area .. 3252 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The products are sugar cane, corn, rice, coffee, chocolate, tobacco, hemp, and others for home consumption. According to recent statistics there were 37,552 farm hands employed. The pasturing of cattle, carabaos, sheep, and horses, is an important occupation throughout the province. At the time of the outbreak of the war with Spain there were 153,439 head of live stock, the greater part being cattle. MINERALS. Mines of gold, iron, and other metals, and quarries of fine stone are found in the province. FORESTS. There are extensive forests of valuable woods for building, dyeing, and other purposes. FRUITS. The fruits consist of mangosteens, bananas, oranges, and other varieties common to the island of Panay. INDUSTRIES AND COMMERCE. The inhabitants (particularly of Molo) make excellent fabrics of pineapple fiber (piña), jusi, sinamay, and cotton. There are 300 looms in operation. In Concepción the principal industry is the manufacture of sugar. The port of Iloílo, the second in the archipelago in commercial activity, was thrown open to commerce in 1855. Molo Church Jaro River ILOILO STRAITS Iloilo C Iloilo Fort: Lat.10°41'32' N...Long. 122° 35' 17" E. From a survey, 1900-1901, ILOILO 2019 Iloilo River srem 22 sit. M 8 Light рапэўgo 32 18 23 25 Cable buoy 16 21 26 sft M 64 sft. M Pt Dapdap 71 Casle buoy 9 7 Cable 2. 18 17 3.138 147 21. aw 23 SP: Estampa 25 32 33 33 21 sft.M 17 20 105 16 sf.M 36 Obscured Light 17 19 1 17 8 12 17 11 14 12 12 9 16 132 18 19 1916 sfu M 9 2 3 145 12 13£ 18 144 CP: Bondu 17 15 sft u 23 21 20 hrd. 18 26 20 21 22 19 123 Dondulan Jerry 7 Buena Vista 584 Pt Cimali Buena Vista Church 1:11:13 Nautical miles 4103lo 20 i Nagaba COPHOTO-THO. WASHINGTON DC S Doc 230 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 551 UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The First Battalion of the Sixth Infantry, in the spring of 1899, was landed at Iloilo, where it was held as a reserve subject to calls from the subdistrict commandery, on account of better embarking facilities than on the coast of Negros, opposite. The troops occupied Iloilo and the suburbs of Jaro and Molo. The enemy, numbering about 4,000, were located from Otón to Balangtán, with Santa Bárbara as headquarters. Operations were commenced immediately, resulting in the dispersion of this force and the establishment of order and authority. On February 15, 1902, the following were the military stations in Iloilo: Banate, a Jaro, Pototan, Sara, a Igbarás, a Lambunao, San Joaquín, Tigbauan, Iloilo, $b Maasin, a Santa Bárbara, Tubungan. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Iloilo was created under the “provincial government act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the Philippine Commission, April 11, 1901, to embrace that territory in the island of Panay known as the province of Iloilo," including the comandancia of Concepción. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor $3,000 Secretary 1, 800 Treasurer.. 3,000 Supervisor .. 2, 200 Fiscal ........ 1, 800 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses, not exceeding $2.50 per day, as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet and orga- nize on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October, to consider improve- ments needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. CONDITIONS. "The civil rule established here has satisfied the people and completed the work of pacification commenced by the military government. It may be asserted that the people, convinced of the advantages of this rule, have forgotten all the past in order to think only of their advancement materially, morally, and politically. High- way robbery, which is the sequence to every war and famine, far from taking hold in this province, is decreasing." (Official report of the provincial governor of Iloilo, December, 1901.) ILOILO (ee-loh-ee-loh), ver.; capital of province | ILOILO; important river in Iloilo, Panay, on r. of same name, Panay. p. 0. and money bank of mouth of which is situated important order station, fort, lat. 10° 41' 32' N., lon. city of same name. Rises in outlying E.sierras 122° 35' 17" E., on low, sandy, fiat point of central range, and flowing SE, enters Iloilo projecting into channel of Iloilo Strait, Strait. From Iloilo town to sea river makes which contracts to 1 m. to W. shore of Gui 2 sharp bends and flows with great force marás I. opposite. At end of this spit is fort, to E. On entrance channel near S. end is close to which is deep water. River of same house of port pilots. Vessels drawing less name has its outlet on N. side of town. than 13 ft. anchor within river off jetty near Vessels with 15 it. draft can ascend river warehouse. Those of greater draft outside. short distance and lie alongside wharves Entrance is lighted. which communicate with merchant houses. -- strait between islands of Panay and Negros, Large vessels anchor outside. There is a Visa yan Sea. large trade with Manila and other island ports as well as foreign. Principal houses - river in Infanta, Luzón, rising on E. crest are well built, and poorer classes of nipa on of Cordillera or E. coast range and emptying 4 strong posts. There are many industries, into Pacific Ocean. chiefly manufacture of piña, jusi, and sina- | ILONG (ee-long'), nat.; mountain in Negros. may, besides water and land traffic and fish- ILONGOS (ee-lawn'-gohs), Hisp.; town in W. ing. Chief imports are Australian coal, and Leyte. general merchandise from Europe. Chief | ÍLOY (ee-loy), ver.; river in Negros Occidental, exports are sugar, tobacco, rice, coffee, hides, sapan wood, and hemp. There is regular emptying on W. coast. weekly communication besides casual steam- | ILÚAN (ee-loo-ahn), ver.; hamlet near NE. head- ers in local interisland trade. Iloilo claims waters of Lagasán Riv., 13 m. E. of Bago, Ne- to be not only second town of archipelago in gros Occidental, commercial importance, but center of culture IMALAGUN (ee-mah-lah'-goon), ver.; islet 303 ft. and civilization in Visayan grp. and S. Philip high, 31 m. SE. by S. of Cuyo, Cuyos Is., Min- pine A. Pop., cn. 1887, 11,364; cn. 1896, 6,429. doro Sea. - Telephone. • Telegraph. $ Post-office and money-order office. 552 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. IMBALABA (im-bah-lah'-bah). ver.; island m. INAMPULUGAN (ee-nam-poo-loo'-gahn), ver.: off NW. shore of Paragua, Palawan, E. of Cad island 2) by 3 m., and hamlet on its extreme lao I. E. coast in Guimaras Strait, 1. m. off SE.shore IMBAYA (im-bah'-yah), ver.; hamlet in S. eentral of Guimarás I. Between this island and Gui- Bohol, 3 m. S. of Carmen. marás are 6 steep rocks with flat summits, on which are trees. - hamlet in pueblo of Vilar, Bohol, on trail between Guindulman and Carmen, at head INAMUCÁN (ee-nah-moo-cahn'), nat.: port on W. of one of tributaries of Vilar Riv. shore of Iligan Bay at its entrance from W., N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, between IMPASUGON (im-pah-soo'-gohn), ver.; town on Bombón and Polo Pts. 1. bank of important stream emptying into Macajalar Bay at Taguloan, 21 m. SE. of Ca- -point at W. entrance to port of same name gayan de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. Misamis, Mindanao. IMPONAN (im-poh'-nahn), ver: village near NW. INÁN (ee-nahn'), nat.; river tributary to Pineda coast of Misamis, Mindanao I., on river empty- Riy, entering on NE. shore of Putiao port, ing into estuary of Macajalar; center of gold SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. district. INAPUY (ee-nah-pooy'), nat.; pueblo of Bontoc, IMURUAN (ee-moo-roo'-ahn), ver.; bay between Luzón, 17 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 417. Boa yan I. and Emergency Pt., on W. coast of INARARAN (ee-nah-rah'-rahn), ver.; point on W. Paragua, Palawan, 12 m. wide at its entrance; shore of Sorsogon, Luzón, N. of Bulán Riv. fine seining. INARCÁN (ee-nar-cahn'), ver.; hamlet on W. - islet in N. waters of bay of that name, W. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, N. by E. of coast of Paragua, Palawan. Cidepil (Quidapil) Pt., 314 m. S. by W. of IMUS (eel-moos), Tag.; river entering Bacoor Bay Cotabato. from SE. in Cavite, Luzón. · INARIJAN (ee-nah-ree'-hahn), ver.; river in Am- - pueblo on Silang road in Cavite, Luzón, 8 bos Camarines, Luzón. m. SE. of Cavite; stronghold of insurrection, INATAN (ee-nah-tahn'), nat.; river entering on 1896; in its principal building (brick) Agui S. shore of Sámar, SE. of Balangiga. naldo and other chiefs established their head- INATOLIRAN (ee-nah-toh-lee'-rahn), ver.; moun- quarters and resisted authority of Spain. tain in Sámar. Pop., 14,696. INATULAN (ee-nah-too'-lahn), nat.; islet on SW. INAASAN (ee-nah-ah'-sahn), ver.; mountain side of opening of bight on s. shore of Sámar stream in W. Leyte, rising in Caucaoan Mt. Visayas, 2 m. W. off Guiuan port. and emptying into Lake Danao. INAUAYAN (ee-nah-wah'-yahn), ver.; point on W. INABANGA, or INABAGAN (ee-nah-bang'-ah, ee- coast of Tablas I., Romblon grp., Visayas. nah-bah'-gahn), ver.; pueblo near NW. coast of Bohol, 30 m. NE. of Tagbilaran. Pop, INAULAN (ee-nah-oo'-lahn), ver.: hamlet on bay 9,957. setting in from San Juanico Strait, in Sw. Sámar. INABASAN (ee-nah bah'-sahn), ver.; hamlet in S. central Iloilo, Panay, 24 m. NW. of Cabatuan. INAURÍAN (ee-nah-oo-reel-ahn), ver.; tributary from E. of Bolinog Riv., in Albay, Luzón, 3 m. INABLÁN (ee-nah-blahn'). ver.; small river in above its mouth in Port Putiao. extreme S. of Albay, Luzón, emptying into San Bernardino Strait, W. of Dunol Bay. INAUSUGAN (ee-nah-00-S00'-gahn), ver.; inlet in Biliran I., N. of Leyte. INABONGA (ee-nah-bong'-ah), ver.; river rising in Pinoonan, and flowing N. falls into sea at | INAÚTAN (ee-nah-00-tahn), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Lauis Pt., NW. coast of Bohol. Luzon, 4 m. S. of Bangued. INABUYATAN (ee-nah - boo - yah'-tahn), ver.; INAYA (ee-nah'-yah). ver.; river rising in SE. northernmost of 3 islands on E. shore of Albay, Luzon, and empties into Lake Bató. Bacuit Bay, 1,130 ft. high, conspicuous on INAYAUAN (ee-nah-yah'-wahn), nat.; town and entering and resembling elephant on his river 1 m. N. on SW. coast of Negros Occi- haunches, NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. dental, 68 m. SE. of Bacolod. INAC (ee-nack'), ver., hamlet on W. coast of Cota - hamlet in pueblo of San Nicolás, Cebú. bato, Mindanao, 44 m. SSW. of Cotabato. Under P. C. act of April 18, 1901, incorpora- INACAUAN (ee-nah-cah-wahn), nat.; point in ted in the municipality of Cebú. W. Sorsogon, Luzón. INDAGAMY (een-dah-gah'-me), nat.; islet 158 ft. INAGAUAN (ee-nah-gah'-wahn), nat., town on high, W. of N. end of Cuyo I., Cuyos grp., E. coast of Palawan, 10. m. SSW. of Puerto Mindoro Sea. Smaller islet to NE. rises 85 ft. Princesa. INDAGUA (een-dah-goo'-ah), nat.; one of cluster INAGAYAN (ee-nah-gah'-yahn), ver: inlet in of 4 islets, about center of Tambiluanga chan- Bilaran I., N. of Leyte. nel, off NE. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. INAGUIANAN (ee-nah-gee-ah'-nahn), ver.; river INDÁN (in-dahn'), ver.; pueblo in Ambos Cama- in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, rising in rines (Norte), Luzón, on r. bank of Laró Riv. Isarog Mt. and emptying N. into San Miguel Pop., 5,800. Bay. INDANG (een-dahng'), Tag.; pueblo and road cen- ter in Cavite, Luzón, 21 m. S. of Cavite. Pop., INAGUICAN (ee-nah-geel-cahn), ver.; E. point of 1,500; township, 13,344. island off E, shore of Infanta, Luzón, and NW. entrance head to Lamón Bay. Provincial - low point on E. coast of Ambos Camarines capital, Binangonan de Lampón, lies on (Norte), Luzón. mainland opposite this island. Nearest land – town in pueblo of Hilongos, on SW. coast of Polillo I. is 9. m. E. of Leyte, 4, m. SSE. of Inopacan. INALUNGAN (ee-nah-loong'-ahn), ver.; town at INDANG, or JINDAN (een-dahng', heen'-dahn), foot of E, slope of Gran Cordillera Central, river of Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón, near headwaters of Saltán Riv., in SW. emptying into Pacific Ocean, NW. of In- Cagayán, Luzón, 30 m. W. of Tuguegarao. dang I. INAM BLÁN (ee-nam-blahn'), ver.; hamlet on W. TINDANG, or QUINAMANOKAN (een-dahng', kee- coast of Cebú, 2 m. N. of Malabuyoc. nah-mah-noh'-kahn), nat., island in Pacific INAMBÚYOD (ee-nam-boo'-yod), ver.; island NE. Ocean, off E. coast of Ambos Camarines, Lu- of Matinloc, NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. zón. Cliff and Crown islets lie on N. Mushroom INDONG (een-dong') nat.: islet of Corandagos Is. rock, named from its shape, lies m. off its connected with SE, side of Corandagos, off SE. face. Dumarán I., off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Pandan Bay te 100 feet our Langaw Shoud bor Pe Ingimcan PL PORT IN CA D E MIRAR PORT INAMUGAN Erna Spikrisk suy hai 1899 in sout 836 LG BILI 3:10. SINEC THE NORRIS PETERS CO. PHOTO-LITHO WASHINGTON DC s Doc 2 80 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 553 INFANTA, LUZÓN (INCLUDING POLILLO GROUP), SUB- PROVINCE OF TAYABAS. (Een-fahn'-tah, Sp.) Capital: Binangonan de Lampón; lat. 14° 40' N., lon. 121° 39 E. Area: Mainland, 472 sq. m.; dependent islands, 405 sq. m.; total, 877 sq. m. Population: 10,795. Race: Tagálog. Language: Tagalog. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Binangonan de Lampón to- Baler, Principe, N.... Manila, W... .. Polillo, NE.. LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. This former comandancia consists of a narrow strip of territory on the Pacific coast, bounded on the N. by Nueva Ecija, on the E. by the Pacific Ocean, on the S. by Tayabas, and on the W. by Laguna, Rizal (Mórong), and Bulacán. AREA. It measures 63 m. from N. to S., 15 m. from E. to W. on the N., 16 m. about the center, and 3 m. the same direction along the S. boundary. Area: Mainland, 472 sq. m.; 22 dependent islands, 405 sq. m.; total, 877 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface is extremely rugged, the mountain chain of Bangangan (Sierra Madre), which forms the entire W. boundary, sending out a number of spurs, between which the E. slopes are drained into the Pacific by many streams, from 5 to 15 m. in length, and diminishing to rivulets during the NE. or dry monsoon. The territory is entirely without rivers of any size. several bays. W. and 3 m. cularly the .coast of BAYS AND HARBORS. The shore of this portion of Luzón is but little known. The latest charts indicate the coast to be several miles out of true position, and particularly the location of Polillo I. Inaguican Pt. is reported 3 m. to the W. and 3 m. to the S. of its present charted position. On the coast are several bays. The most important: Bonleo; narrow, on N. coast of Polillo. River of same name enters on S. coast. Dingalan; a bight between Sua (Agria) and Deseada Pts., receiving several streams, and exposed to the W. Lampón, Real de; 2 m. between heads, with a N. trend inland 6 m. It is known as the royal port. In the seventeenth century it was a harbor of the galleons between Manila and New Spain, being considered a safer way of communication than by the narrow strait of San Bernardino. Matacón; a bay on the N. coast of Polillo. Pinavisagan; a sheltered bay on the NE. coast of Polillo. Polillo; on the W. coast of the island of the same name. Santa Mónica and Misma; 2 anchorages on the coast but little known. Upata; bay on the NW. coast of Polillo, SE. of Panampalan Pt. streams, dan; a bight ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The precipitous character of the country, and the mountains and rivers which must be crossed, render the construction of roads impossible, except at a cost not warranted by the commerce of the region. There are several trails over the moun- tains to the central provinces, that to Siniloan at the outlet of the Salambatoc Riv. in the NE. corner of Laguna de Bay being 22 m. SW., and used by mail earriers and travelers. To the headwaters of the Salambatoc Riv. the distance is 15 m. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The registered population of Infanta is 9,095, and of Polillo, 1,700; total, 10,795, in both cases the race and language being Tagalog. In the mountains of Binangonan are a few Negritos. 554 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The following is the division of Infanta into pueblos and respective population, according to the census of 1887: Men. Women. Total. Infanta: Binangonan... Polillo.. 3,043 530 2,982 564 6,025 1,114 Total......... 3,593 3,546 7,139 Estimated, 1901, 10,795. The chief and only towns on the mainland and island are: Binangonan de Lampón; 2 m. N. of the N. point of Lampón Bay. This was the seventeenth century port for the galleon trading between New Spain (Mexico) and Manila. Pop., 7,557, which includes the territory and vicinity. Polillo; on a bay on the SW. shore of the island of the same name. It carries on considerable trade with Baler Bay on the N. and Lamón Bay on the S. Pop., 1,400. ... 25 DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The mainland of Infanta is free from islands. Off the W. shore of the island of Polillo, 17 m. E. of Inaguican Pt., on the mainland, are a number as follows: sq.m. Balesin; 19 m. S. of Polillo, 50 ft. high in the channel between Polillo and Alabat Is., in Lamón Bay ........... .. Binangonan; off the E. shore near Binangonan, de Lampón, separated from the mainland by a channel about ; m, wide; is 7 m. NW. to SE. and 4 m. from NE. to SW.... Cabungeoén; one of the cluster E. of Polillo I............. Calagian; between Patnanongan and Iguicon Is.; a chain of 5 islands extending from NE. to SW. from the E. point of Cabungeoén to Patnanongan Is....... - also 2 islands lie in the channel between Malaguinoan and Cabungeoen on the E. and Pala- san on the W.; another in the opening to the bay on the NE. coast, and Bantá Pt. on the main- land ...... Iguicon; the southeasternmost of islands off the E. shore of Polillo ... Jomálig: 4 m. N. and S., 13 m. E. and W., 11 m. SE. of Polillo, lying in the entrance to Lamon Bay between Polillo and Calaguas Is...... Lantao; 3 m. E. of Jomálig I., in the E. entrance to Lamón Bay... Malaguinan; between Telong and Cabungeoen Is., E. of Polillo I... Malanay; between Jomálig and Calaguas Is., in the E. entrance of Lamón Bay... Nelaguinuan; between Cabungeoen and Palasan, E. of Polillo ..... Palasan: 5 m. N. and S., 2 m. E. and W., 2 m. off the E. coast of Polillo......... Patnanongan; 8 m. N. and S., 2 m. E. and w., 4. m. E. of Agta, the extreme S. point of Pollillo.. Polillo, next to Catanduanes, the largest island off the coast of Luzon, being separated from the coast of Infanta by a channel 17 m. wide between Inaguican Pt. and the SW. coast of the island; measures 28 m. from N. to S. and 23 m. from E. to W.&cross its N. line; is formed of a central mountain of medium height, the chief summits Malolod and Capote and covered with forests; on the N. and E. are several bays and openings. The E. coast is fringed with islands and dan- gerous reefs. On the W. the water is deep, except in front of the port of Polillo, where there is an extensive reef, parallel with the island, which forms a narrow canal open on the NW., with a depth from 77 to 93 ft., which leads to the port of Polillo; chief town of same name lies on the SE. shore of a deep bay; its chief trade is the sale of balate gum and wax; coal is also found .. 294 Telong: S. of Banta Pt., NE. coast of Polillo.... .. 1 Tumalic; rocky and uninhabited, SE. of Polillo. 22 dependent islands, total area ...... 405 2 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The sparse population is chiefly engaged in the rudest agriculture, the cultivation of rice, cocoanut, chocolate, and coffee occupying the greater portion of the popula- tion; also fishing among the coast population. There is also trade with the more populous and arable provinces of Ambos Camarines (Norte) and Tayabas, which surround the adjacent bay of Lamón on the E., S., and W. MINERALS. Coal is found on the island of Polillo, but is not worked on account of the difficul- ties of reaching the coast. There are indications of coal and iron on the mainland, but no investigation has been made as to their quality or quantity. FORESTS. This region is well timbered from the summits of the mountains to the coast, and the same may be said of Polillo. Among the trees of great commercial value is the balate, which produces what is known to commerce as balate gum, a variety between the caoutchouc and gutta-percha. This tree, formerly common in tropical America, the sce, which prand gutta-P GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 555 from the Antilles to Guiana, has become scarce in that region. The extent of its growth in Polillo therefore becomes a question of commercial importance. FRUITS. Pineapples and bananas grow wild. INDUSTRIES. The manufacture of nipa wine at Binangonan is the most important industry. Prior to the hurricane of 1882 there was a large manufacture of cocoanut oil, which was paralyzed by the hurricane of that year. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. There have been no military posts established in this region. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Under act of P. C. June 12, 1902, Infanta was annexed to the province of Tayabas, Luzon, the inhabitants to enjoy the same rights and privileges as if the said territory had been originally incorporåted in the province of Tayabas. The municipal officers in the towns included in the territory to have the same relations to the provincial officers of the province of Tayabas as prescribed by the provincial government act and the enabling act of province of Tayabas, as provided for the municipal officers of the towns of the said province. CONDITIONS. No report for 1901. INFANTA (een-fahn-tah), Sp.; pueblo of Zam INOGÁN (ee-noh-gahn'), ver.; hamlet in N. bales, Luzon, 44 m. from Iba. Pop., 3,445. Sámar, 4 m. SE. of Mondragón. INGALAN (een-gah'-lahn),ver.; one of Calagulas | INOGBÚN (ee-nohg-boon'), nat.; village on N. Is., off N. coast of Ambos Camarines (Norte), shore of San Antonio Bay between San Juan Luzón. Pt. and Marangás, SE. coast of Palawan. INGESA (een-hay-sah), Tag.; village on S. coast INOPACAN (ee-noh-pah'-cahn), nat.; pueblo and of Tayabas, Luzón. road center of importance on SW. coast of INIGUÍAN (ee-nee-geel-ahn), nat.; point and Leyte, 58 m. SW. of Tacloban. Pop., 4,239. creek emptying on SE, shore of Panguil Bay, - inlet in W. Leyte. SW. end of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. INOSLOBÁN (ee-nos-loh-bahn'), ver.; village INÍJANG (ee-neel-hahng), nat.; mountain 508 ft. midway between Tanauan and Lipa, Batan- high on peninsula between NE. shore of Nin gas, Luzón, and fork of 2 roads. Bay, W., and Alas Bay, E., W. coast of Mas- INSHORE CHANNEL, for.; small passage between bate, Visayas. Balábae and Great Reef Is., being very nar- INITAN (ee-nee'-tahn), nat.; river tributary to row and full of dangers to navigators. Sibalom, 2, m. above that town in Antique, Panay. INSIG (een-seeg') (means Chinese), nat.; small stream on W. coast of Cebú, emptying into INITAO (ee-nee-tow'), ver.; small bay on N. side strait of Tañón, 4 m. NE. of Tuburan. of Maputi Pt., E. shore of Iligan Bay, N. coast Misamis, Mindanao, into which small craft INTERINSULAR, name for interisland waters of can enter and find sheltered anchorage in Visayan Sea. front of pueblo of Initao. INTERIOR, name for interisland waters of Visa- - point in N. Mindanao. yan Sea. - pueblo on E. shore of Iligan Bay, N. coast INUGUBAN (ee-noo-good-bahn), yer.; hamlet on of Misamis, Mindanao, 26 m. w. by N. of S. bank of Gagbayán Riv., in E. Bohol, 41 m. Cagayan de Misamis. Pop., Cn. 1887, 1,252. SW. of Batuanan. INITONG (ee-nee-tohng), nat.; peak 440 ft. high | INUGUY (ee-noo-gooy'), nat.; hamlet near 1. in S. point of peninsula between Nin and shore of Pulangui Riv. in Cotabato, Mindanao, Cabuluang bays, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. 104 m. N. by E. of Liguasan Lake. INLANGAN (een-lahng'-ahn), ver.: hamletin Nue- | INULUCUT (ee-noo-loo'-coot), ver.; islet in Culion va Vizcaya, Luzón, 11 m. S. of Bayombong. port, 1 m. NE. of that town, Calamián I., Calamianes grp., Mindoro Sea. INLULUTOC (in-loo-loo-toc'), ver.; largest of sev- INUNUCAN (ee-noo-noo'-cahn), ver.; large bay on eral bays, 13 by 2, m. on China Sea, shore of peninsula, dividing waters of Imurúan and W. coast of Masbate I., between Unutat and Malampaya bays, W. coast of Paragua, Pala- Bagupaniao Pts., chain of islets, Napaya- wan. Onits N. side Saddle Hill, 1,000 ft. high, guan, Bagunbanua, Nabugbut and Majaba is conspicuous. across its entrance, forming a shelter for its waters. INMÁN (een-mahn'), ver.; hamlet on 1. bank of INYAUAN (in-yah'-wahn), ver.; small stream Bolinog Riy., in Sorsogon, Luzón. and hamlet at its mouth in extreme W. part INNER STRAIT, for.; channel 31 m. long and 2 of Antique, Panay. m. wide to Malampaya Sound, Paragua, Pala IOATAN (yoh-ah-tahn), ver.; hamlet in sw. Sa- wan. mar, near E. shore of San Pedro and San Pa- INOCÍN (ee-noh-thin'), ver.; town in extreme S. blo Bay, 11 m. SE. of Basey. part of Albay, Luzón, in S. foothills of volca IOT (yot), ver.; point on N. shore of Catanduanes no of Bulusan. Pop., 5,254. I., dependency of Albay, Luzon. 556 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. IPAYO (ee-pah'-yoh), ver.; hamlet near 1. bankIRAOAHAN (ee-rah-oh-ah'-hahn), ver.; hamlet in of Bac-hao Bangahon Riv., 1 m N. of Gándara, N. Sámar, on river emptying into bay 3, m. in W. central Sámar. SE. of Laguan and 1 m. NE. of inland town IPAYOC (ee-pah-yohk'), ver.; river falling into of Catubig. sea on W. coast of Antique, Panay, immedi IRAYA (ee-rah'-yah), nat.; village on NW. shore ately N. of Sebaste. of entrance to Alankao Napangpang Bay, ÍPIL (ee'-peel), nat.; seaward reach of numerous SW. shore of Sorsogon, Luzón. tributaries draining NE.section of Bohol, and -- hamlet in N. end of Sámar, 63 m. from having its outlet 2 m. E. of Talibón, on N. Catbalogan. coast. IRIGA (ee-ree'-gah), ver.; pueblo on main road - pueblo of N. Bohol, on r. bank of river of and r. bank of Buhi Riv., Ambos Camarines same name, at junction of Fragata, 46, m. NE. (Sur), Luzón, 23 m. SE. of Nueva Cáceres. of Tagbilaran. Pop., 1.745. Pop., 17,094. - hamlet on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 27 -- mountain 3,976 ft. high, N. of Buhí Lake, m. N. of Barbaza. 22 m. SE. of Nueva Cáceres, in Ambos Cama- - extreme NW. point of Sibuyan I., Romblon rines (Sur), Luzón. Extinct volcano, basalt grp. and andesite, lat. 13° 26' N., lon. 123° 26' E. - bay in E. Sámar. IRIRON (ee-ree'-ron), ver.; island off bay of same name, W. coast of Mindoro. - mountain in Abra, Luzón. - pueblo near S. side of mouth of river of IPJAG (eep-hag'), ver.; hamlet in E. central same name on W. coast of Mindoro, 57 m. S. Leyte, at headwaters of Gabayong, 6 m. SW. by W. of Calapán. Pop., 143. of Alang-Alang. - bay about 8 m. SE. of Dongón Bay and IPOAN (ee-poh'-ahn), ver.; small stream entering 20 m. N. of Mangarín, with good anchorage Magat Riv, above Bambang, in Nueva Viz- in NE. monsoon on W. coast of Mindoro. caya, Luzón. IRONG-ÍRONG (eel-rong-ee'-rong), ver.; point in IPOLOTE (ee-poh-loh'-tay), ver.; bay 41 m. be- W. Sámar. tween heads Brooke and Pinanasan, SE. coast Palawan. IRONIRON (ee-roh-neel-rohn), nat.; point ESE. of Moroporo Pt., W. coast of Sámar, NW. of IPONAN (ee-poh-nahn), ver.; pueblo in NE. Catbalogan. Misamis, Mindanao, on river entering Maca- jalar Bay, and 104 m. W. of Cagayán. Pop., IROSÍN (ee-roh-seen'), ver.; point in Sorsogon, 5,586. Luzón. point on SW. shore of Macajalar Bay, W. by - pueblo in Sorsogon, Luzón. Pop., 5,224. N. of mouth of Cagayán Riv., N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. IRRAYA (ee-rrah'-yah), ver.; mountain of Batán IQUISAN (ee-key'-sahn), ver.; hamlet on extreme I., of Batanes grp., N. of Cagayán, Luzón. W. shore of Sámar, 4 m. SW. of Villareal. IRUSAN PANGASAHAN (ee-roo'-sahn pahng-ah- IRADA (ee-rah-dah), Sp.; mountain on N. ex- sah'-hahn), nat.; channel and village on W. tremity of Batán I., Batanes grp., 3,806 ft. high, shore of Basilan I., S. of Zamboanga, Min- apparently old volcano, and thickly covered danao. with trees. ISABEL (ee-sah-bel'), Sp.: point on W. coast of IRANZA (ee-rahn'-thah), Sp.; point on Ciego or Palawan, N. of Eran Bay. Blind Harbor, NW. coast Balabac I. Observa- - one of Dos Hermanas Is., E. of Mindoro. tion spot, lat. 8° 5' 20" N., lon. 116° 59' 43" E. - island in Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cota- IRANZO (ee-rahn'-thoh), Sp.; point at SW. ex- treme of Ramos I., Balábac grp., and N. en- bato, Mindanao. (See Kabaksalán I.) trance head from W. to Candaraman inlet, - point at end of narrow neck of land, 2 m. SW. of Palawan. NW. of Remigio, on NW. coast of Cebú. IRAO, or CULEBRA (ee-rah'-oo, coo-leh’-brah), ISABEL, INFANTA (in-fahn'-tah ee-sah-bel'), Sp.; ver.; island of Babuyanes grp., 31 m. off S. settlement in NW. part of Cotabato, Min- point of Dalupiri I., off N. coast of Cagayán, danao, N. of Tuaran, near N. shore of Illana Luzón. (See Bijutan I.) Bay. ISABELA, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Ee-sah-beh'-lah, Sp.) Capital: Ilagan, lat. 17° 8' 50% N., lon. 121° 50 E., approximately. Area: Mainland, 5,394 sq. m.; 2 dependent islands, 1 sq. m.; total, 5,395 sq. m. Population: 48,302. Race: Ilocanos, Igorrotes, and other races, including Tagálogs. Language: Ilocano, Ibanag, Tagalog, and dialects. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Ilagan to- Bayombong, SW..... Manila, SsW.. Tuguegarao, Cagayán, N. LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Isabela is the central of the 3 lying along the Pacific coast of N. Luzon. It is bounded on the N. by Cagayán; on the E. by the Pacific Ocean; on the S. by Príncipe and Nueva Ecija, and on the W. by Nueva Vizcaya, Lepanto- Bontoc, and Abra. A CHIEF OF THE GADDANES, ISABELA, LUZÓN. TREE HOUSE OF THE GADDANES. NEAR ILAGAN, ISABELA, LUZÓN. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 557 IVANA pta Mabatui to Enlarged SO 45 s zd 277 12 28 26 * 23 22 25 2236 763 14 in * 39 25 2016 28 20 38 14 20 DAN 23 22 W 26 30 25 2017 po 36 36 27 28 10 26 20 pasta g6 BP ab 24 25 14 km 20 25 32 25 7736 28 25 24 24 2 24 6 26 15 15 20 20 22 10 642 ) 106 26 25 22:43 peda Mobien 558 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. AREA. It is the largest of the provinces of Luzón, 118 m. from NE. to SW., and 82 m. from NW. to SE. Area, 5,394 sq. m. (including comandancias of Saltán and of Llavac), and 2 dependent islands, area 1 sq. m., total 5,395 sq. m.; 400 sq. m. larger than Connecticut, over twice as large as Delaware, and four times as large as Rhode Island. PHYSICAL FEATURES. Inland a short distance from the Pacific shore extends the Sierra Madre range. The country is broken by low hills, extensive plains and fertile valleys. Mt. Moisés, inland from Palanán Bay, is 4,209 ft. high. The Grande de Cagayản Riv. takes its rise in the extreme SW. part, near the border of Nueva Ecija, and thence flows in a N. direction across the entire province, receiving numerous tributaries on the way, the most important being the Gandon or Gaddano, rising in Nueva Vizcaya; the Magat, a fine stream also rising on the W. border of Nueva Vizcaya; the Pinacanauan, and the Siffú. These tributaries and the main stream receive the drainage of the entire province, the streams on the Pacific slope of the sierras being short and of no importance. BAYS AND HARBORS. The coast presents numerous small sheltered coves utilized by native bancas. Steamers in fair weather can lie close inshore discharging into boats. The bays and coves are but imperfectly known, but do not seem adapted to vessels of large size. The following are tne bays: Bicobían; s. of Dimalansán, penetrates 2 m. inland, is about 2,000 ft. wide, with 9 to 11 fms. It furnishes a completely land-locked harbor with 10 fms. Safe as a typhoon anchorage, with ample room for turning ships. Digollirín; a small inlet about the center of the coast. Dilásac; 8 m. between heads, on the coast near the Príncipe boundary on the S. This bay is sometimes known as Port Tumango. It has two sheltered inlets, one of which is Palanán. The bight at the SW. end of this bay forms a completely land- locked harbor with 5 fms. The E. end of the bight is open to the NE. monsoons. Dimalansán; a small port S. of Divilacan Bay, penetrates 3 m. inland, is 720 ft. wide and 15 ft. deep. Vessels can safely discharge cargoes at this anchorage. Estagno I. lies in its entrance, which is narrow, but for small craft it furnishes abso- lute shelter. Divilacan; on the NE. coast. A bight indented by several smaller bays near the boundary of Cagayán with 9 to 17 fms. Mts. Cresta and Moisés are the landmarks. The anchorage is exposed to the NE. monsoons, but being protected by a reef, is reasonably safe under all conditions. Gay I. is on the E. Palanán; on the N. part of the coast, 7 m. between heads, with 7 to 27 fms. Mt. Moisés, WNW., 4,209 ft. high, is a mark for all the ports in this vicinity. It is exposed to NE. winds. For landing supplies this bay affords facilities. The river entering it allows floating large native boats well inland. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The main highway which parallels the Grande de Cagayán Riv. from Aparri to Manila crosses this province and connects all its principal towns. It crosses the main stream twice and the Magat tributaries once and enters Nueva Vizcaya 5 m. SW. of Estella. The telegraph line follows the road. The Grande de Cagayán and its larger tributaries also afford facilities for transportation of products. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The registered inhabitants number 48,302, Cn. 1887, 46,884. Besides these are various races of Igorrotes, Togades, who live between Echagüe and Angadanán, Gad- danes, Mayaoaos, Ilongotes or Ibilaos, Bujuanes, Silipianes, Binanganes, Bunginanes, the Isanaves, the Buayas, who inhabit the Delim country, the Catalanganes, and in the E. mountains Negritos. There are also a number of Tagálogs. In this province are found the largest number of wild races. The languages are Ilocano, Ibanag, Cagayán, Gaddán, and Tagálog. In the former comandancia of Saltán are Gaddanes who speak Ibanag, Gaddán, Yaga, and Iraya languages. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 559 The following is the division of Isabela into towns and their respective popula- tion, according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men, Women. Total. 1, 084 Isabela de Luzón: Angadanán.... Cabagan Nuevo... Cabagan Viejo... Carig 2,953 1,104 2, 890 1,725 1,771 700 1,148 637 Cauayan. Santa Isabel 1,011 823 779 Colonia de Santa Isabela Cordón Echagüe.. Gamú.... Ilagan......... Palanan........ Reina Mercedes. Santa María... Tumauini ... 506 2,233 1,824 5,816 483 976 1, 463 2.289 470 1,753 2,198 5,459 497 831 1,379 2,082 2,188 5, 843 3,496 1,337 2, 159 1,602 976 3,986 4,022 11,275 980 1,807 2,842 437 Total 24,069 22, 815 46,884 Estimated, 1901, 48,302. en suv. and Magat, 39 m. SSW. of Tom This province, the largest in area, is one of the least populated, there being but 22 towns and 63 villages. All the towns except 2 are on the banks of the Grande de Cagayán Riv. Ilagan; the capital, on an elevation at the junction of the Pinacanauan with the Grande de Cagayán Riv., 84 m. S. of Aparri at its mouth. It enjoys a delightful climate. Pop., 13,049. Angadanán; on the main road, 3 m. W. of the Grande de Cagayán and 29 m. S. of Ilagan. Pop., 2,739. Cabagan Nuevo and Viejo; on the r. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., on the main road, 5 m. S. of the boundary of Cagayan and 21 m. NW. of Ilagan. The main road here crosses the Grande de Cagayán Riv. Tuguegarao is but 14 m. N. Pop., 9,000. Carig; on the main road on one of the tributaries of the main stream between Grande de Cagayán Riv. and Magat, 39 m. SSW. of Ilagan. Pop., 2,477. Cauayan; on the l. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., and on the main road 17 m. S. by W. of Ilagan. Pop., 2, 115. Echagüe; on the l. bank of the Grande de Cagayan Riv., 34 m. S. of Ilagan. Pop., 5,700. Estella; on the main road 6 m. from Nueva Vizcaya boundary, 42 m. SSW. of Ilagan. Gamú; on the main road, 3 m. S. of the junction of the Magat and on the l. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., 8 m. S. of Ilagan. Pop., 5,320. Palanán; on a small river, emptying into the bay of the same name, 5 m. above its mouth. It lies at the foot of the Sierra Madre Mts., 37 m. E. of Ilagan. Pop., 1,137. Reina Mercedes; on the r. bank of the Magat at the crossing of the main road, 13 m. SSW. of Ilagan. Pop., 3,826. Santa María; on the main road, 3 m. S. of Cagayán boundary, near the crossing of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., 24 m. N. by W. of Ilagan. Pop., 2,607. Tumauini; on the r. bank of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., on the main highway, 10 m. NNW. of Ilagan. Pop., with Balásag, 4,814. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The coast of Isabela has been but little explored, but is apparently free from islands. There are but two off its extreme NE. coast, charted as follows: sq.m. Gay; off the point between Divilacan and Dimalansán, Estagno I. lies across the entrance.. Estagno; off the E. head of Dimalansán port, Gay I. being off the opposite point...... 2 dependent islands, total area.. 560 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The chief staples, rice, sugar cane, chocolate, coffee, corn, and vegetables grow with very little care. The corn crop is a specialty among the inhabitants, as it takes the place of rice when the latter commands a high price. Tobacco is raised extensively. MINERALS. Nothing is known of the mineral wealth of this province, although it is believed to contain important deposits of iron. FORESTS. The vast timber growth which covers the mountain regions, although but little investigated, shows many valuable woods particularly useful for furniture making. There is also an abundance of molave (molaue), ípil, narra, camagón, and other building woods.- FRUITS. Pineapples and oranges grow wild. INDUSTRIES. The most important industry is the growth and treatment of tobacco, which is not only produced in large quantities, but is regarded as the best in the Philippines. It is the chief article of export, and constitutes the wealth of the country. The raising of cattle is also an important industry. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The establishment of military posts at Ilagan and other strategic points in the province followed soon after the departmental organization. On February 15, 1902, the following were the military garrisons in Isabela: Angadanán, Carig, Cauayan, a Cordón, Echagüe, Ilagan, a Solano. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Isabela was created under the “provincial government act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the Philippine Commission, August 24, 1901, to embrace that territory in the island of Luzon known as the province of Isabela." PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor. $1,500 Secretary. 900 Treasurer.. 1, 800 Supervisor 1,500 Fiscal 1, 200 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses, not to exceed $3 per day, as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the muncipalities of the province to meet on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October, to consider improvements needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. CONDITIONS. "No armed insurgents heard of in province for six months. Non-Christian tribes friendly, some hostile to Christians penetrating territory. Cagayan Valley com- pletely tranquilized; no escorts used now by civil officers. * * * People friendly to American Government. Province safe and quiet as any State in Union. (Official report of the provincial governor of Isabela, December, 1901.) a Telegraph. PELIITINE ISLANDS BASILAN ISLAND APPROACHES TO PORT ISABELA .? From a French survey in 1845 Marine Hospital Lt.632671.. 'OUE MALAMAN LAND emelukar Bk MALAMAUL ROAD pinigan CON 3 , 9. he NORRIS PETERS COPHOTOLIT WASHINGTON DC S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 561 ISABELA (ee-sah-beh'-lah), Sp.; narrow water- way between Malamaui and Basilan Is., on S. shore of which stands Isabela de Basilan, S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. - pueblo of Negros Occidental, 36 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 11,104. - inlet on S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. - "silanga" between Malamaui and Basilan Is., off S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao; forms port of Isabela de Basilan. ISABELA DE BASILAN (ee-sah-beh'-lah deh bah- see'-lahn), Sp.; pueblo, capital of Basilan grp., on NW. coast of Basilan I., lat. 6° 42' 24" N. lon. 121° 58' E., off S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 569 m. S. of Manila. Roadstead is between Malamaui and Lampinigan Is., with 36 to 96 ft. Has naval hospital, mole, and number of well-built houses. Naval sta- tion is Isabela on S. side of channel, at en- trance of Pasahan Riv. Fort, 65 ft. above sea, commanding both entrances of chan- nel, is at little distance S. of establishment, and at its E. port are barracks. Is smali store and repairing yard with workshops for machinery and slip capable of hauling up gunboat of 200 tons. Also wooden hospital, erected 1885 on poles over reef at entrance of Pasahan Riv. Pop., 1,300. ISABELA, or PASAHÁN (ee-sah-beh'-lah, pah-sah- hahn'); river entering Isabela channel, W. of Isabela, on N. coast of Basilan, S. of Zam- boanga, Mindanao. ISAROG (ee-sah-rog'), ver.; extinct volcano, lat. 13° 41' N., lon. 123° 21' E., 6,450 ft. high, 36 m. in circumference, about center of Am- bos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, between San Miguel Bay and Lagonoy Gulf, forming apex of irregular mountain system which sends its drainage into Lagonoy Bay on E., San Miguel Bay on NW., and the Bicol Riy. on S., flowing around base to N. Well-built road makes complete circuit at its foot. ISIAN (ee-see'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in SW. Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. E. of Tubungan. ISIO (eel-see-oh), ver.; pueblo and river on E. trend of coast of Negros Occidental, S. shore of Guimaras Strait, 55 m. SSW. of Bacolod. Pop., 1,596. ISLAND BAY, for., or BAHÍA DE LAS ISLAS (bah-ee'-ah day lahs ees'lahs), Sp.; number of low coral islands in open bight, with depth from 2 to 38 fms., 19 m. in extent, N. of Craw. ford Cove and fronting E. shore of Palawan, about lat. 9° 5' N. Aboda lies on SW. shore. Plain on mainland, which extends across island to Tagbayug Bay about 9 m., is culti- vated in many parts and broken by number S. Doc. 280- 36 ISLAND BAY, for., or BAHÍA DE LAS ISLAS- Continued. of conical hills backed by Saddle Hill of Pulute and Steep Cliff on Malanut range. ISLAS VERDES (ees'-lahs vayr'-days), Sp.; bay on E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. (Also Green Islands Bay.) ITAVES (ee-tah'-vess), ver.; former politico-mil- itary comandancia, organized in 1889; bounded on N. by Apayaos tribe, and on E. by limits of towns of Reina Mercedes, Gamú, Ilagan, Hacienda de Santa Isabela, Fumanín, Cabagan Nuevo and Viejo, Santa Maria, En- rile, Solano, Fuao, Piat, and Manaleg, in its W. mountains, which join with Apayaos tribe on S. at boundary, along watershed N. of mountains of Bunginan, on W. by bounda- ries of Abra and Bontoc. Contains 15,208 inhabitants; principal town is Magaogao. There are in Itaves more than 126 villages, formed for most part by Calanas, who speak Itaves language. Now embraced in province of Cagayán, Luzón. ITLUS (it-loos'), ver.: several rivulets of fresh water, so named by natives; situated E. of Truce head, Eran Bay, SW. coast of Palawan. ITOGON (ee-toh'-gohn), ver.; pueblo in Benguet, Luzon. Pop., 609. ÍTOM (eel-tom); small stream in SW. Leyte, 3 m. S. of Matalom. IUÁLIT, or E-WI-IG (ee-wah-lit, ay-we-eeg), ver.; river entering port opposite Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Opposite its mouth is small island (Del Río). River is navigable for boats about 3 m; m. above is Palmeras, thriving hamlet with several settlements, doing a live- ly trade in beeswax, rice, maize, and other products of neighborhood. At low water mud dries nearly #m. from entrance, through which, however, is boat channel on either side of Isla del Rio. IVANA (ee-vah'-nah), ver.; town on an open roadstead on SW. shore of Batán I. of Batanes grp., N. of Cagayán, Luzón. San Vicente hamlet 2 m. NNE. affords shelter for ship- ping. Sabtán I., another member of same grp., lies to SW. (See San José de Ibana.) IVISAN (ee-veel-sahn), ver.; pueblo in N. Cápiz, Panay, 1. m. inland from SE. shore of bay, with which it is connected by road, 5) m. SW. of Cápiz. Pop. 5,000. I-WI-IG, SIERRA DE (see-ay'-rrah deh ee-we-ig'), Hisp.; short series of elevations near SW. coast of Palawan coming down shores of Ma- rasi Bay, between Simagup and McLean Pt. Highest, 1,814 ft. (Also E-wi-ig.) IZQUIERDO (ith-kee-ayr'-doh), Sp.; hamlet in E. Cápiz, Panay, 2 m. N. of Dumalag. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 563 JAAYA (hah-ah'-yah), ver.; point on coast of Pag-| JAMBUBUYOG (hahm-boo-boo'-yog), ver.; moun- bilao Bay, N. inlet of Tayabas Bay, Tayabas, tain in S. Cebú. Luzón. JAMBUJÁN (hahm-boo-hahn'), nat; hamlet in JABONGA (hah-bong'-ah), ver.; pueblo on SW. pueblo of Dolores, Tayabas, Luzón. shore of Maynit Lake at its outlet in channel JAMELO (hah-may'-loh), Sp.; port on W. coast of to Butuan Bay, NW. coast of Surigao, Min Batangas, Luzón, on SE. side of bay of same danao. Pop., 1,644. name, 4. m. S. of Limbones I. Mangroves JABU ALLA (hah-bwah'-lyah), ver.; island W. of grow near mouth of river which discharges Sámar. at head of port. JABUJAB (hah-boo-hahb'), ver.; point on E. coast JAMINDÁN (hah-mean-dahn'), nat.; hamlet in of Biliran I., off NW. coast of Leyte, 5 m. N. pueblo of Mainbusao, Cápiz, Panay. of Caibarán. - pueblo at headwaters of Malinannang JACBAG (hahk-bahg'), nat.; point on E. shore of Riv., in W. part of Cápiz, Panay, 25 m. SW. of Tañón Strait, 4 m. SW. of Barili, W. coast of Cápiz. Pop., 5,000. Cebu. JAMURAON (hah-moo-rah-ohn), ver.; point on JACLUGAN (hahk-loo'-gahn), ver.; bay in E. S. side of bay of that name, E. side of Ragay Leyte. Gulf, in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. JAÉN (hah-ayn'), Sp.; puebloon r. bank of Grande - bay in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, E. de la Pampanga Riv., Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 2 m. shore of Ragay Gulf. Inland is mountainous. N. by E. of San Isidro. Pop., 4,651. - hamlet and bay on SW. shore of bight on JAGDÁN (hag-dahn') (means ladder), nat.; point N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, Pirara Pt. being N. in Panay. headland, 5 m. E. of Panay. JAGNA, or HAGNA (hag'-nah), ver.; pueblo on JANABATAS (hah-nah-bah'-tass), ver., channel main road on SE. coast of Bohol, 36 m. E. of on W. end of strait of San Juanico, which Tagbilaran. Pop., 1,162; township, 13,491. separates Sámar and Leyte on SW. and con- - point on E. coast of Bohol, in pueblo of same neets through that strait Visayan Sea and Pacific Ocean. name. JAGNAYA (hag-nah'-yah), ver.; pueblo on S. JANABÓN (hah-nah-bohn'), ver.; island W. of bank of Malinannang Riv., Cápiz, Panay, 21 Sámar. m. SW. of Cápiz. Pop., 2,500. JANAOJANAO (hah-now-hah-now'), ver.; creek JAGUAYA (hah-gwah'-yah), ver.; mountain in ex- in S. Batangas, Luzón. treme SE. Sámar, 3 m. NW. of Salcedo. -point on NE. coast of Maricabán I., off JALA (hah'-lah), Tag.; point in S. Rizal, Luzón, Batangas, off dividing peninsula between Balayán and Batangas bays, S. coast of Ba- on Laguna de Bay. tangas, Luzón, lat. 13° 38' 60" N. JALA, or JALAJALA (hah-lah-hah'-lah), Tag.; ex- treme S. point of E. peninsula jutting into JANDAYAN (han-dah'-yahn), ver.; narrow island Laguna de Bay and s. terminus of boundary 3 m. long, 1) m. N. of Getafe, off N. coast of between Rizal and Laguna. Bohol. - pueblo in Rizal, on W. shore of E. of 2 JANGAN (han-gahn'), nat.: point and hamlet on peninsulas extending S. into Laguna de Bay, W. shore of gulf of Asid, Masbate I., Visayas, 21 m. SE. of Mórong. Shore line is overgrown JANIOG (hah-nyog'), ver.; mountain in SW. with grass and prickly sensitive plants 8 ft. Leyte. high, affording excellent pasture for buffa JANIPAÁN (hah-nee-pah-ahn'), ver.; most S. of loes. Vast fields of rice and sugar stretch tributaries of Jalaur Riv., pueblo of Pototan, away to base of hills. On N. is Sembrano Mt. in SE. Iloilo, Panay. Pop., 1,735. JANIUAY (hah-nee-wi'), ver.; pueblo in Iloilo, JALÁN (hah-lahn'), Tag., hamlet in Cavite, Lu Panay, 18 m. NNW, of Ilo-ilo. Pop., 28,738. zón, 19 m. S. of Cavite. Petroleum reported. JALAUR (hah-lah'-oor, ver.; river of Iloilo, I JANLOD (hahn-lod'), ver., hamlet on r, bank of Panay, rising in mountain boundary with river emptying into S. end of Madalay Lake, Capiz. in W. Cápiz, Panay. JALÍAN (hah-lee'-ahn), ver., island sq. m. in JANSOL (hahn-saul'), ver.; hamlet of NE. Cápiz, mid-channel between Siargao and Dinagat Panay, 1 m. N. of Pontevedra. Is., off N. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 8 m. NE. of Port Gabo, SE. shore of Dinagat I. JANTO (hahn' toh), ver., island N. of Ambos Camarines (Norte). Smaller island lies NE. JALIGDUJUY (hah-leeg-doo-whee'): cascade near JAPITAN (hah-pee'-tahn), ver.; point on N. side mouth of Ulut Riv., to SE. of mountain of of small bay opposite Palaton Pt., 2 m. W. of Barili, W. coast of Cebú. Barayán, on E. coast of Sámar. JALIGUE (hah-lee-gay) (means pillar), nat.: river JAPUNAN (hah-pooh'-nahn), nat.; hamlet in S. of Manca Pt., W. coast of Cebú, which can pueblo of Catubig, Sámar. be entered by small coasters. JARO (hah'-rob). Sp.; pueblo on tributary of - point in W. Cebú. Tigón Riv., SE. Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. W. of N. of JALJAT (hahl-haht'), ver.; summit on E. coast Iloilo. Pop., 10,333. range of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay, visible - river in Iloilo, Panay. from W. coast of Negros opposite, across Gui- - pueblo in N. central Leyte, 15 m. W. by S. marás Strait, on clear day. of Tacloban. Pop., 12,475. JALO (han-loh), ver.; river in Panay, - lake in Leyte. JALOBÓN, or BAO (hah-loh-bone', bah'-aw), ver.: river with 5 ft. of water on bar at low water, | JASAÁN, or HASAÁN (hah-sah-ahn'), nat., pueblo and deeper within, entering Ormoc Bay SE. on E. shore of Macajalar Bay, Misamis, of Ormoc, Leyte. Mindanao, Pop., 9,444. 564 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. JASAÁN, or HASAÁN; river in Cavite, Luzon, tak- | JILSAGASAN (heel-sah-gah'-sahn), ver.; small ing N. course unites its waters with San stream entering strait of Tañón, 1 m. SE. of Agustín Riy. Gorda Pt., W. coast of Cebú. JÁTIVA (hah'-tee-vah), Sp.; town on r. bank of JILÚAN (hee-loo'-ahn), ver.; mountain in cen- Agusán Riv. in central Surigao, Mindanao, tral Cápiz, Panay, near Antique boundary, 10 65 m. S. by E. of Surigao, m. SW. of Jamindao. JAU (how), ver.; island 3 m. long off Tabigui Pt., JIMALÁ (hee-mah-lah'), ver.; point on E. coast N. coast of Bohol, 2 m. NE. of Talibón. of Cebú, 3 m. S. of Sibonga. JAUTO (how'-law), ver.; island in Pacific Ocean, - river in Batangas, Luzón, taking S. direc- off Capalonga in Ambos Camarines (Norte), tion and emptying E. of Balayán, into Balayan Luzón. Bay. JAVIEL (hah-veeayl'). Sp.; 2 peaks, 1,863 (E.), JIMALALÂ (hee-mah-lah-lah'), ver.; hamlet of 1,630 (W.) ft. high, on E. shore of Misamis port, Negros Oriental, 13 m. S. of Jimalalud. Misamis, Mindanao, E. by S. of Sibuco Pt. JIMALÁLOT (hee-mah-lah'-loht), nat.; hamlet in JAVIER (hah-vee-ayr'), Sp.; town on extreme pueblo of Tanjay, Negros Oriental. NE. shore of Davao Gulf, Davao, Mindanao, JIMALALUD (hee-mah-lah-lood'), ver.; pueblo of 30 m. NE. of Dávao. Negros Oriental, on strait of Tañón, 50 m. SE. - JAYAANG (hah-yah-ang'), ver., islet 3 m. W. off by S. of Bacolod and 12 m. across sea channel, Tubigon, NW. coast of Bohol. W. of Mualbual, Cebú. Pop., 5,559. JEMBUBUC (hem-boo-book'), ver.; mountain in | JIMAMAYLAN, or HIMAMAILAN (hee-mah-mi'- Cordillera Central, S. Cebú, 5 m. SE. of Mala- lahn), ver.; pueblo on W. coast of Negros Oc- búyoc. cidental, 41 m. s. by W. of Bacolod, near mouth JERVOIS, or SIKOT, for.; point forming with of Palawan Riv. Pop., 6,758. Cape Washington, 14 m. sw., entrance to JIMATAO (hee-mah-tah'-aw),ver.; river emptying Culasian Bay, on SW. coast of Palawan. on N. shore of Balayán Bay, SW. coast of Ba- JESÚS (hay-soos'). Sp.: point on extreme N. tangas, Luzón. coast of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. JIMÉNEZ (hee-may-nayth), Sp.; port and pueblo on l. bank of mouth of river entering Palilan - point and port 2 m. SE. of Parón Pt., on S. bay, an indentation of Iligan Bay, from W. at shore of Albay Gulf, Albay, Luzón. Pt. Tabú. Blockhouse and warehouse mark - point forming W. head of anchorage of landing place; good road leads to town about Catbalogan, W. coast of Sámar. 1 m.; harbor difficult to enter. Pop., 8,707. JIABONG (hee-ah-bohng'), ver.; pueblo in Sw. JIMENO (hee-may-noh), Sp.; pueblo in Cápiz, Sámar. Panay. Pop., 3,278. JIBALO (hee-bah-law), ver.; hamlet in SE. Ilo- JIMONINI (hee-moh-nee'-nee), ver.; hamlet in ilo, Panay, 1 m. NE. by N. of Janiuay. pueblo of Catarman, Sámar. JIBATÓ (hee-bah-toh'), nat.; hamlet in E. Cápiz, JIMOTO (hee-moh'-toh), ver.; river in Catan- Panay, near head waters of Badbarán Riv., 10 duanes I., dependency of Albay, Luzón, m. SE. of Dumarao. emptying on E. coast into inlet of same JIBBOOM, for. (TIBBVON!); bay between Cliff name. Head and Peaked Pt., 4. m. N. on NW. coast - inlet on E. coast of Catanduanes, depen- of Paragua, Palawan. Head of bay affords deney of Albay, lat. 13° 45' 30' N. shelter for steam vessels. Ranges inland JIMUGUIT (hee-moo-geet'), ver.: point on E.coast attain altitude upward of 2,000 ft. of Cebú, 15 m. S. of Nayilen; river of same JIBITNIL (hee-bit-neel'), ver.; islet 2 m. N. and name enters sea about 2 m. N. of Bugod Pt. S. in sea channel 2 m. NW. of Medellín, on JINABUYAN (hee-nah-boo'-yahn), ver.; hamlet NW. coast of Cebú. Passage between it and at head of bay on W. shore of Leyte, 2 m. N. mainland less than 1 m. of Villaba. JIBON (hee-bawn'), Sp.; summit overlooking E. JINADUG (hee-nah-doog'), nat.; point on W. bank of Agusan Riv., central Surigao, Min "shore of Panguil Bay, 13 m. SW.of Misamis, danao. Misamis port, Mindanao. JIDULPAN (hee-dool'-pahn), ver.; island N. of JINAGDANAN (hee-nahg-dah'-nahn), nat.; ham- Bohol, Visayas. let in pueblo of Catarman, Sámar. JIGABÓ (hee-gah-boh'), ver.; mineral spring in JINALAD (hee-nah-lad'), ver. (See Cinalayad vicinity of Tibí, Albay, Luzón. Mt. in S. Negros.) JIGSICAN (hig-see'-cahn), ver.; hamlet on NW. JINAMOC (hee-nah-mock'), nat.; island 1 m. shore of Port Princesa, 21 m. NW. by W. of from NW. to SE., i m. wide, opposite Basey, Puerto Princesa, E. coast of Palawan. SW. coast of Sámar. JIGUSO (hee-goo-soh), ver.; point on S. coast of - island in San Pedro Bay, E. coast of Leyte. Sámar, lat., 11° 4' N. JINANBLAN (hee-nan-blahn'), ver.; hamlet on JILAGTUNGAN (hee-lag-toong'-ahn), ver.: 2 islets NE. shore of Matutinao, 23 m. N. of that town, 2 m. apart in sea channel between, 2, m. SE. W. coast of Cebú. of Mactan I., off SE. coast of Cebú. JINATILAN, or GINATILAN (hee-nah-tee'-lahn), JILALTIN (hee-lah-ee'-teen), ver.; hamlet and nat.; hamlet on E. coast of Cebú. point on E. coast of Negros, 6 m. S. of Hibago. JINATÚAN (hee-nah-too'-ahn), ver.; town on 1. Point is 3 m. farther S. shore of river emptying into sea, on E. coast JILANBANGAN, or JILANTAGÚAN (hee-lahn- of Surigao, Mindanao, immediately N. of San bang'-ahn, hee-lahn-tah-goo'-ahn), ver.; is Cop Bay, 114 m. SSE. of Surigao. land 2 m. N. and S. and 2 m. E. of Bantay I. | JINAUPANG (hee-nah-00-pang!), ver.; point in and 9 m. WNW. of Medellín, on NW. coast Cebu. of Cebu. JÍNAY (hee'-nie); nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Bu- JILANDARGÁN (hee-lahn-dar-gahn'), ver.; island lán, Sorsogon, Luzón. NW. of Cebů, JINÉ (hee-nay'), ver.; hamlet in SE. Iloilo, Pa- JILANTAGÚAN (hee-lahn-tah-goo'-ahn), ver.: nay, near l. bank of Janipaan Riv., 2 m. NE. island off NW. coast of Cebú. (See Jilan of Zárraga. bangan.) JINÉS (hee-nays'), Sp.; hamlet in Sw. Iloilo, JILAULPÁN (hee-lah-ool-pahn'), ver.; islet 61 m. Panay, 31 m. SW. of Maasin. NW. of Talibón, on N. coast of Bohol, Visayas. JINOBOAN (hee-noh-boh'-ahn), nat.: hamlet in JILIPO (hee-lee'-poh), ver.; hamlet in Sw. Isa pueblo of Tanjay, Negros Oriental. bela, Luzón. JINO-LANAN (hee-noh-lah'-nahn), ver.: river ris- JILOGTUC (hee-log-took'), ver.. hamleton E. ing in W. spurs of Cordillera Central and shore of Tañón Strait, 2 m. N. of Barili, W. emptying into strait of Tañón, 2 m. N. of To- coast of Cebú. ledo, W. coast of Cebu. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 565 Poricos allem wetu Swimmmmm VARIATION..... NEARLY mamy 1'09' (1901) STATIONARY FEBR.NOIS 1 Bn.No.2 3 Anchorage in 4 to 6 fins. muddy bottom (white) PALILAN BAY Madre Reef MIYLANAO PORT JIMENEZ Tabu Point wala Tabu Pt. Lat. 817'10"N Long12348 (00') E Bn..Beacon Nautical Mile Ein Bn.No.3 566 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. JINTOTOLO (hin-toh-toh'-loh), nat.; passage be- JUABUYATAN (hwah-boo-yah'-tahn), ver.; island tween SW. point of Masbate and NE. point of off W. coast of Paragua, Palawan, forming Panay. Jintotolo I. divides channel, that group with several others at entrance of between Jintotolo I. and Zapatas being gen Bacuit Bay. erally used. JUAC (hoo-ack'), nat.; central of 3 Ticlín Is., in - island 2 m. long, 14 m. wide, in Jintotolo strait of San Bernardino, off SE. coast of Sor- channel, 4 m. S. off Palanauta, extreme s. sogón, Luzón. point of Masbate I., 15 m. N. of Bulacaue, JUAMÁN (hwah-mahn'), ver.; mountain in Pa- extreme NE. point of Panay I. Zapatas lie nay. 6 m. SW. JUAMBUYOD (hwahm-boo-yod'), ver.; island off - point NW. of SW..extremity of Masbate I., W. coast of Paragua, Palawan, NE. of Ma- Visayas. Jintotolo I. lies 5 m. s. sinloc. JINUBAÁN (hee-noo-bah-ahn'), ver., river of JUBALAN (hoo-bah-lahn), ver.; port in S. Min- Negros Oriental emptying into small bay at danao. Santa María, 5 m. N. of Jimalalud, E. coast. JUBÁN (hoo-bahn'), nat.; small bay at S. extrem- JINUTANGAN (hee-noo-tang'-ahn), ver.; islet 12 ity of Capul I., San Bernardino Strait, SE. of m. N. of Úbay, on NE. coast of Bohol, Visayas. Sorsogón, Luzón. On W. point of entrance is JINUYAN (hee-noo'-yahn), ver.; river in Negros remarkable pyramidal rock. Oriental emptying into sea, 7 m. N. of Guiju JUBÁN, LOWER (hoo-bahn'); point on S. shore lugan, E. coast. of Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Luzón, 5 m. W. of JIP (hip). ver.; cluster of interesting limestone Jubán. rocks 95 ft. high,. m. NE. of Guintungauan I., - pueblo on SE. shore of Sorsogon Bay, Sor- NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. sogón, Luzón. Pop., 6,000. JITIMBUR (hee-tim-boor'), ver.; point on w. JUBAS (hool-bass), ver.; point on E. shore of coast of Masbate I., Visayas, lat. 12° 35' 40" N. Sógod Bay, S. coast of Leyte, i m. S. of Sógod - island off W. coast of Masbate, Visayas, in Antiguo. lat. 12° 25' 40" N. - hamlet in N. central Leyte, 6 m. S. of Ba- JIWATA (hee-wah-tah), ver.; circular lake open rugo. ing into Sulu Sea, about #m. in width and JUBAY (hoo-by'), ver.; hamlet on NW. coast of from 14 to 55 fms. in depth. W. of 3 lakes- Leyte, 4, m. NW. of Villalón. Singuan in center and Ernestín on E.-re- garded by scientists as natural wonders, hay- JUBUBUC (hook-boo-book'), ver.; island of Cuyos ing appearance of extinct craters and sur grp., Mindoro Sea. rounded by range of hills on E. 182 ft. high; JULAGAN (hoo-lah'-gahn), Tag.; hamlet in Ca- on N. 2 peaks, Basut and Banghá, 830 and 531 vite, Luzón, 8 m. SW. of Cavite. ft. high. In entrance to Jiwata is islet 27 ft. JULÁN (hoo-lahn'), Tag.; river in pueblo of Ro- high. Good water is to be had from fresh- sario, Cavite, Luzón. water lake adjoining. JULIÁN (hoo-lee-ahn'), Sp.; river in pueblo of JOBÔ (hoh-boh'); hamlet on E. coast of Surigao, Imus, Cavite, tributary of Binacayan. Mindanao, on N. shore of Liangá Bay, 95 m. SE. of Surigao. JULIANAN (hoo-leeah'-nahn), ver.; stream emp- tying into Masinloc Riv. from N. in Zam- - small island on N. side of entrance to boanga, Mindanao. Liangá Bay, E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. JULISA (hoo-lee'-sah), ver.; hamlet in E. Leyte, - point in E. Mindanao. 4 m. E. of Burauen. JOHNSON, for.; SE. island m. in extent, in JULÚAN (hoo-loo'-ahn), ver.; river in SE. Iloilo, Green Island Bay, E. coast of Paragua. Pala- Panay, from tributaries in NW. angle of wan, 19 m. SE. from Bold Pt., and 4 m. from transverse range of mountains which consti- shore. Rosa I. on Spanish charts. tute boundary between Iloilo and Cápiz on JOLÓ (how-law'), nat.; archipelago, pueblo, cap N. and uniting in main stream flows SE.; ital, island, and sea. (See Sulu.) at Lucena receives W. branch which rises in JOLONGÁJOG (hoh-lohn-gah'-hog), ver.; hamlet number of small streams having their sources of NE. Cápiz, Panay, 21 m. SSE. of Ponteve- in central range on E. slopes along boundary dra. with Antique. Continuing its course, 64 m. in direct line SE., it receives Janipaan, and JOMÁLIG (hoh-mah'-lig), ver.; narrow island in thence making complete horseshoe to E. Pacific Ocean, 13 m. E. and W. and 24 to 4 m. empties into Noilo Strait directly opposite N.and S., 10% m. SE. of Polillo I., 17 m. E. of N. point of Guimarás I; entire course of main Infanta, off Inaguican Pt., and off NW. shore stream and tributaries flows through fertile of Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón. Lies in and populous region. middle of NE. opening of Lamón Bay, which it assists with Polillo I. in sheltering from N. JULUGAS (hoo-loo'-gass), ver.; town in W. Cebú. winds of Pacific. Small islands, Lanlao and JUMANTRAL (hoo-mahn-tral'), ver. (See Ho- Manlanat, lie to E. Island is hilly and with monhón or Malhón I., S. of Sámar.) out permanent population. JUNCLÓ (hoon-claw'), ver.; bay on E. coast of JOMONJOL, or MALHON (hoh-mohn-hall', mahl Catanduanes I., dependency of Albay, Luzón. honh'), ver.: island in midchannel between JUNENO (hoo-nay'-noh), ver.; town 1 m. inland Sungi, SE. point of Sámar and Desolación, from SE. shore of Batán Bay, N. coast of Cápiz, N. point of Dinagat I., off NE. coast of Min- Panay, 17 m. W. of Cápiz. Pop., 3,278. danao. JONOC-JONOC (hoh-nock-hoh-nock'), mountain JUNES (hoo'-nays), ver.; mountain in SE. An- tique, Panay, on line of boundary with Iloilo. in Negros Occidental. JUNOJA (hoo-noh-hah), ver.; hamlet on main JOROAN (hoh-roh'-ahn), nat.; hamlet in pueblo road in Albay, Luzón, 19 m. N. of Albay. of Tiui or Tibí, Albay. JUNOJO (hoo-noh'-hoh), ver.; hamlet in pueblo JOVELLAR (hoh-vay-lyar'), Sp.; pueblo in Al of Tibi, Albay, Luzón. bay, Luzón, 10 m. from Albay. Pop., 5,279. | JURAO-JURAO (hoo-rah'-aw-hoo-rah'-aw), nat.; - town in extreme SE. part of Surigao, Min island 1 m. off extreme SW. coast of Panay, danao, 214 m. SSE. of Surigao, boundary be 2 m. SE. of Siroan Pt. tween that province and Dávao passes, if m. JURI (hoo-ree'), nat.; point NE. coast Lubang I., W. of this town. off W. coast Batangas, Luzon. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 567 KABAKAN (kah-bah-kahn'). nat.: creek entering | KALUDA (kah-loo'-dah), nat.; creek entering on Upper Grande Riv. of Mindanao, and village 1. bank of Talayan tributary of S. branch of of same name, 24 m. up that stream, Lanao, Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- Mindanao. danao. KABAK SALAN, or ISABEL (kah-bakh-sah-lahn', KALUKATÚ (kah-loo-kah-too') nat.; village on ee-sah-bell'), nat.; island l m. long in Grande r. bank of N. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Riv. of Mindanao, at Kakalmund, outlet of Cotabato, Mindanao, 1 m. below Tumbao. Liguasan lagoon. KAMALADÁN (kah-mah-lah-dahn'), ver.; bay on KABAKUNGAN (kah-bah-coong'-ahn), nat.; 3 E. side of Sibuguey Bay, Zamboanga, Min- wooded summits E. of Kalipubuán bend, Up- danao. On W. of its opening is Lutangan I., per Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Lanao, Min- and on E. islet of Malebegas. danao. KANDARANGAN (kahn-dah-rahng'-ahn), nat.; KABALOCAN (kah-bah-loh'-cahn), nat.; amphi- hill and former port, now a Moro village on theater of wooded hills between Bacát and r. bank of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cota- Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- bato, Mindanao, opposite Bacat port and danao. mouth of Bacat or Dansalán Riv. KABINGAN (kah-beengl-ahn). ver. island of | KANKUMAN (kahn-koor-mahn). nat.: island 1 Tapul grp., Sulu A. (See Cabingaan.) m. ESE. of Tamuk, SW. of Basilan I., off S. coast Zamboanga, Mindanao. (Also Canhua- KABÚGAO (kah-boo'-gah-oo), ver.; river of Ilocos man.) Sur empties into China Sea. KAPPO (kahp'-poh), nat.; village on Bacat trib- KABÚYOK (kah-boo'-yok), ver.; point on E. coast utary of Upper Grande Riv. of Mindanao, of Marinduque I., SW. of Salomague Pt. Cotabato, Mindanao. KAI-HO-LO (ki-hoh-law), ver.; high range on KAPUAL (kah-pwahl'), ver.; island of Sulu grp., shores of Ulugan Bay, W. coast of Paragua, Sulu A. (Also Capual.) Palawan. KARANGÁN (kah-rahn-gahn'), nat.; islet N. of - river emptying into SW. corner of Ulugan Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., lat. 5° 53' 30" N. Bay, W. coast of Paragua, Palawan; breaking through mangrove between high ranges of KARANG DATÔ (kah-rang' dah-toh'), ver.; ham- Carsoglan and Kai-ho-lo; navigable for boats let and point in Sulu I., Sulu A. (See Carang- inside its mouth. dato.) KAKÁ (cah-cah'), nat.; village on 1. bank of KAROGO (kah-roh'-goh), ver.; island separating Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, near Nin Bay (9-v.) from Magaguayag, Masbate NW. shore of Liguasan Lagoon. I., Visayas. KAKAL LIPULON (kah-kahl' lee-poof-lohn), nat.; KASIBOI (kah-see-boy'), ver.; mountain in Leyte. creek entering on r. bank of Taloya tributary Its crater, lat. 10° 55' N., lon. 124° 52' E., in- of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Colabato, Min- dicates seismic disturbance at comparatively recent period. Jagor says: "Just s. of crater danao, 4 m. above Toviran. of Kasiboi in Leyte, where sulphur is made, KAKALMUND (kah-kahl-moond'), nat.; NW. out- hot spring 50° R. 12 ft. broad fows from E. let of Liguasan Lagoon into Grande Riv. of depositing siliceous siniter at its edges. In Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao. the ravine farther S. with sides 100 ft. high, KAKATAAN (kah-kah-tah-ahn), nat.; island 105 vegetation ceased, rock being of dazzling ft. high at NW. entrance to Sigboye Passage, white or colored by sublimated sulphur. In NE. of Tawi Tawi I., between Bubuán I., SE., numerous places thick clouds of vapor burst and Mamanú I., NW., Sulu A. from ground with strong smellof sulphurated KALAILAYAN (kah-lie-lah'-yahn), Tag.; town on water. At some thousand paces farther si. small river entering sea N. of Silankapô Pt.. liceous springs break through loose elay earth 12 m. from Laguimanok, Tayabas, Luzón. which is permeated with sulphur. At E. there is number of small boiling quagmires KALAKLÁN (kah-lah-klahn'), ver.; N. point of which, on forcing stick into matted ground, Olongapó port, Subic Bay, Zambales, Luzón. send forth water and steam." KALAMBUGAN (kah-lum-boo-gahn), nat.; ham- KATIKTÚAN (kah-tik-too'-ahn), nat.; town on r. let on E. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Min- bank of N. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, danao, opposite Misamis. Cotabato, Mindanao, below confluence of KALANGUNAN(kah-lahng-oo-nahn), nat.:stream Caimanes or Libungan. on delta, having outlet in both N. and S. arms KATULUNGAN (kah-too-loong'-ahn), nat.; creek of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- entering Talayan tributary of S. outlet of danao. Grande Riv. of Mindanao. KALBUGAN, or AMANIATM (kahl-boo'-gahn, ah-KATUNGI (kah-toon-hee'), nat.; hamlet on bank mah-nee-ime'), nat.; village at mouth of Ka- of river emptying into Liguasan Lagoon, kalmund outlet of Liguasan Lagoon, Cota- Cotabato, Mindanao. bato, Mindanao. KATUNOL (kah-too-nohl'), nat.; river emptying KALIPAPÀ (kah-lee-pah-pah'). nat.; hamlet of ing on E. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao, on r. bank of Pulangui Mindanao. Kilambugan ranch lies on N. Riv., 6 m. from boundary with Cotabato. bank of its mouth, KALIPAPÁN (kah-lee-pah-pahn'), nat.; creek | KÁUIT (kah'-weet), nat.; point, low and sandy, entering on r. bank of Upper Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Lanao, Mindanao. on W. coast of Marinduque. KALUBLÚ (kah-loo-bloo'), ver.; island of Basilan mountain 16 m. S. of Cape Bojeador, com- mencing near San Fabián, in gulf of Lingayen grp., off S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. forming conspicuous landmark for naviga- KALUBLUB (kah-loob-loob'), nat.; cluster of tors. rocks between Dasaan I. on SW., Tienga on N., and Lampinigan NE., NNW. of extreme KAUKUAVE (kow-kwah'-vay), ver.: point bearing W. point of Basilan I., off S. coast of Zambo-1 W.1 m. from shoal, on which American ship anga, Mindanao. Sea Witch grounded in 1884. 568 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. KIKO (key'-kaw), ver.; rock in middle of en- KOLÁN, or KOLAIT (koh-lahn', koh-lah'-it),ver. ; trance to Dapá channel, off SW. coast of low mountain at N. end of Iloilo Strait, E. Siargao I., off NE. coast Surigao, Mindanao. coast of Panay. KILAMBUGAN (kee-lam-boo-gahn), nat.; bight | KOLAT (koh-laht') ver.; low mountain in SE. on E. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Min- coast of Panay. (See Kolán.) danao, opposite Misamis. Kilambugan ranch KOLINDO (koh-lean'-doh), nat.; creek entering is at N. end. on r. bank of Upper Grande Riv. of Minda- KINAPUSSÁN (kee-nah-puhs-sahn'), nat.; island nao, i m. below Kalipapán Pt. of group of same name, Sulu A., between KRANG (krahng), ver.; hamlet on SW. coast of island of Bubuán on NE., Tabawan on S., Cotabato, Mindanao, between Denowan Pt., and Bintoolan on W. (Also Quinapusán.) N., and Tuna Pt., S., lat. 6° 29' N. KININABAGARAN (kee-nee-nah-bah-gah'-rahn), KUADBÁSANG (kwad-bah'-sahng), ver.; island ver.; point on NW. shore of Samar I. (Also 7 m. N. of extreme N. point of Tawi Tawi I., Barobodiangan.) Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. KINKEHÁN (keen-kay-hahn'), ver.; island 30 m. KUBÍ (koo-bee'). ver.: S. point and inner head of N. of Tawi Tawi I., Pangutárang grp., Sulu A. Olongapo Bay, Subic Bay, Zambales, Luzón. KINUBEDÁN (key-n00-bay-dahn”), nat.; 2 sum | KUDAL (koo-dahl'), nat.; island in Upper Grande mits of Lanao, Mindanao, in lat. 7° 20' N., 13 Riv. of Mindanao, 3 m. below Balumis, Cota- m. W. of Tumbao Pt., on Upper Grande Riv. bato, Mindanao. of Mindanao, Lanao, Mindanao. KUHANGAN (koo-hahn'-gahn), ver.; island NE. KIPIT, or QUIPIT (key-pit'). ver.: river of Min- of Sulu I., Sulu grp., Sulu A. danao, which enters bay to E. of point of same name, NW. coast of Zamboanga. KUIALDÁN (kwee-ahl-dahn'), ver.: hamlet on W. shore of Lanao Lake, Misamis, Mindanao. KIPIT, or QUIPIT, or GALERA (key-pit', gah- lay'-rah), ver.; low, flat, sandy point forming KUINULARAN (kwee-noo-lah'-rahn) ver.; ham- W. headland of bay on NW. coast of Zam- let on extreme NW. shore of Dumanquilas boanga, Mindanao, SW. of Sindangan Bay. Bay, in Zamboanga, Mindanao, 94, m. NE. of River of same name enters bay. Surrounding Zamboanga. country is low; coast to W. of point bordered KULASEJAN (koo-lah-say'-hahn), nat.; point and by sandy beaches, separated by rocky head river emptying on E. shore of Misamis port, lands, and pierced by mouths of several Misamis, Mindanao. rivers. Agojos, wood similar to the pine of KULASSUN (koo-lahs'-soon), ver.; cluster of Europe, grows abundantly. High mountains islands of Pangutárang grp., Sulu A. (Also rise inland, and hills are covered with cogo Kulassían.) nal. KULILI (koo-leel-lee), nat.; point 8 m. S. by W. KLIN, for.; river entering Celebes Sea on SW. of Mt. Káuit, high with sandy shore. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. KNOB, for.: island NW. of Malabuctún I., off KUNILAAN (koo-nee-lah'-ahn), nat.; islet in Pang- NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. (See Balás I.) utárang grp., Sulu A., between Usada I. on KOBULANANG (koh-boo-lah'-nahng), nat.; trib- NE. and Bas-Bas on SW., lat. 6° 3' N. utary on 1. bank of Bacat Riv., Cotabato, KUPANG (koo-pang'), ver.: hamlet and seat of an Mindanao. iron foundry NNE. of Angat. 109 tot FRIT alised Teri qiz siten GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 569 LAÂ (lah-ah'), ver.; island of coral formation, | LABÚAN (lah-boo'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on W. shore covered with trees, 1, m. from NW. edge of of Sibuguey Bay, in Zamboanga, Mindanao, Tiji Tiji bank, S. of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. 62 m. NNE. of Zamboanga. LAAB (lah-ahb'), ver.; mountain in W. central LABUANG (lah-bwang'), ver.; mountain in E. Leyte, 12 m. S. of Carigara. Sámar, 6 m. W. of San Julián. LAAG (lah-ahg'), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, 9 LABUYO (lah-boo'-yoh), nat.; creek emptying on m. E. of Bangued. N. shore of Panguil Bay, S. end of Misamis LAAL (lah-ahl'), nat.; mountain in Pampanga, port, Misamis, Mindanao. Luzón, of considerable elevation. - point on E. coast of Talim I., in center of LAARANGAN (lah-ah-rahn'-gahn), ver.; pueblo in Laguna de Bay, Rizal, Luzón. Misamis, Mindanao. LACAGAN (lah-cah'-gahn), nat.; hamlet in pueblo LABANGAN (lah-bahng'-ahn), ver.; river in SE. of Tayasan, Negros Oriental. Sámar, rising in Mapilit and Paogas Mts. and LACALA (lah-cah-lah), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of emptying into Pacific Ocean at Lanang, E. Tayabas, Tayabas, Luzon. coast of Sámar. LACANGAT (lah-cahng-aht'), nat.; village on NE LABÁNGAO (lah-bang'-ah-oh), nat.; island off N. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. coast of Sámar, opposite Pt. Oot, or Lauigan. LACAÓN (lah-cah-awn'); mountain in Panay. LABANGON (lah-bang'-ohn), nat.; bay on S. coast | LA CARIDAD (lah cah-ree-dahd'), Sp.; pueblo in of Mindanao. Cavite, Luzon, between San Roque and isth- LABAO (lah-bah-oh), ver.; town at headwaters mus of Dalahican. Pop., 1,256. of tributary of river entering great bay E. of LA CARLOTA, or SIMANCAS (lah car-loh-tah. Blanca Pt. (q.v.), NW. coast of Misamis, Min- see-mahn'-cahs), Sp.; pueblo in Negros Occi- danao. dental. Pop., 12,384. LABAYAO (lah-bah'-yah-oh), ver.; hamlet 2, m. | LACARÓN (lah-cah-rohn'), ver.; hamlet on W. NW. of Calbayoc, Sámar. shore of Davao Gulf, Davao, Mindanao, 43) LABNÓ (lab-noh'), nat.; islet off Gogo Pt., NE. m. S. of Davao and 2 m. N. of Malita Pt. coast of Iloilo, Panay, in channel between LACAY-LACAY (lah-ki-lah-ki'), ver,; point on ex- Binuluangan and Calagnán I. treme N. shore of Ilocos Norte, Luzon, with LABO (lah-boh'), nat.; pueblo on 1. bank of In- Patapa Mt. inland. Boundary between Ca- dang Riv., in Ambos Camarines Norte), gayán, E., and Ilocos Norte, W., terminates at Luzon, on main road, 10 m. NW. of Daet. coast 4 m. E. of this point. Gold is found in Labô Hills in this vicinity. | LACICTIPAC (lah-seek-tee-pahk'), nat.; islet oft Pop., 4,213. SE. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. - pueblo in Misamis, Mindanao. LA CORTA (lah cohr'-tah), Sp.; hamlet in Taya- - point at entrance to Port Misamis, opposite bas, Luzón. fort tower in Misamis, Mindanao. LA CRUZ (lah crooth'), Sp.; hamlet in SE. Iloilo, - river in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón; Panay, 4 m. NW. by N. of Dumangas. flows across pueblo of same name and empties | LACUNG (lah-coong'), nat.; hamlet in Pangasi- into sea on NE. coast. nán, Luzón. - port on W. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, in | LACUP (lah-coop'), ver.; town at headwaters of pueblo of Badoc, S. of Gabot Pt. Tineg Riv., in Abra, Luzon, 20 m. ENE. of - township in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Bangued, with which it is connected by foot. Luzon, in which gold is found. Near village path. of Labô, on that river, platinum and possibly LACUTÁN (lah-cool-tahn), nat.: bay on NW.shore lead glance are found in mountain of that of Pujada Bay, SE, coast of Davao, Mindanao, name. between Cabayan and Tataidaga Pt. - point 1 m. NE. of Misamis, and W. head to LACY (lah'-thee), Sp.; pueblo and bay on SE. Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. coast of Siquijor 1., 36 m. SE. of Tagbilaran, LABO TETAS DE POLANTUNA (lah'-boh tay'-tas Bohol. Pop., 6,448. day poh-lahn-tool-nah), Sp.; extinct volcano LAGA (lah'-gah), nat.; rock 1 m. off w. shore of 5,092 ft. high, of andesite, in S. part of Ambos Maripipi I., E. of S. extremity of Masbate. Camarines (Norte), Luzón, lat. 14° 1' N., lon. LAGABARIQUE (lah-gah-bah-ree'-kay), ver.; cra- 122° 46' E.; One of peaks of range of lofty ele ter i m. NE. of San Isidro, in NW. Leyte. vations which stretches from NW. to SE. LAGABAY, or SIGABOY (lah-gah-byl, see-gah- across province, and divides watersheds of boy'), ver.; pueblo on E. shore of Davao Gulf. Pacific Ocean on N. and Ragay Gulf on S. in Dávao, Mindanao. Pop., cn 1887, 613. LABOC (lah-bock'); town in S. Bohol, Visayas. LAGÁLIT (lah-gah-lit), nat.; hamlet in pueblo LABON (lah-bohn'), ver.; hamlet on 1. shore of of San Ildefonso, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. Abra Riv., in Abra, Luzon, 7 m. SE. of Ban- | LAGÁN (lah-gahn'), ver.; point on E. coast of gued. Ticao, Visas, at entrance to bay. LABONGAN (lah-bong/-ahn), nat.; river empty- ing on S. shore of Busuanga I., Calamianes | LAGAOIN (lah-gah'-aw-inn), ver.; point 4. m. grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. SW. of Dayagan, E. coast of Mindoro. La- LABOON (lah-boh'-ohn), ver.; hamlet on 1. bank gaoin banks lie off coast. (See Ticlín Pt.) of Maasin Riv., 4 m. NE. of Maasin, Leyte. LAGASAN (lah-gah'-sahn), nat.; hamlet on W. LABÚA (lah-boot-ah), ver.; mountain in S. cen- | shore of Maimbún Bay, S. coast of Sulu I., tral Leyte, 9 m. NE. of Albuera. Sulu A., 10, m. S. of Sulu. LABUAGAN (lah-bwah'-gahn), ver.; river, enter- - river in Negros Occidental, formed of 2 ing arm on N. shore of Port Usón, S. coast of main branches which rise in central range, Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., Off NE. coast and uniting enter strait of Guimarás 2, m. of Paragua, Palawan, N. of Valladolid. 570 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LAGASNALILA (lah-gas-nah-leel-lah), Tag.; point | LAGONOY-Continued. at extreme S. end of Burias I., Visayas. semicircle of about 100 m. to Montugan Pt., LÁGAT (lah'-gat), ver.; islet 334 ft. high, s. 70 entirely within Albay, Luzón. Catanduanes W. of Tara I., NE. of Busuanga I., Calamianes I. lies NE. of its mouth and 4 mineral-bearing islands, San Miguel, Cacraray, Batán, and grp., off N. end of Paragua, Palawan. Rapurapu, along its S. shore. It also has LAGATA (lah-gah'-tah). ver.; coast hamlet in several fine bays, Tabaco and Albay among N. Cápiz, Panay, 5 m. SE. of Calvo. them along its coast. LAGAUI (lah-gah'-we), ver.; puebio in former LA GRANJA (lah gran-hah), Sp.; pueblo on NW. comandancia of Quiángan, Nueva Vizcaya, coast of Sámar, at mouth of Sabangan Riv., Luzón. 69 m. NW. of Catbalogan. Anchorage has 10 LAGAUT (lah-gah'-oot), ver.; hamlet on S. shore fms. but not well sheltered. Pop., 3,413. of SE. end of Sámar, 6 m. SW. of Salcedo. town in Antique, Panay. - village,m. NE. of Cabanisan Pt., S. shore town in Negros. of Sâmar, Visayas. LAGSADÓN (lahg-sah-dawn'), ver.; mountain in LAGAYÁN (lah-gah-yahn'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo Mindanao. of Bangued, Abra, Luzon, on Tineg Riv., 9 m. LAGSIG (lag-sig'), Tag.; mountain in Nueva NE. of Bangued. Ecija, on boundary of Benguet, 15 m. SW. of LAGAYÁN, LAGUNA DE (lah-goo'-nah day lah- Caraballo (Sur) Mt. gah-yahn'), Hisp.; mountain lake 6 by 8 m.in LAGUÁN (lah-gwahn'), nat.; island separated W. elevations of Gran Cordillera Oriental, Cagayán, Luzón, 8 m. inland from Pacific from N. coast of Sámar by narrow channel, which communicates with Port Bulapag. Ocean and connected with it by tortuous Town of Lahuán stands on SW. shore. outlet. LAGAYRAY (lah-guy-ri'), ver.; hamlet in SW. - channel between Sámar and Laguán I. Sámar, 10 m. NE. of Basey. - hamlet in pueblo of Palápag, Sámar. LAGBÚ (lug-boo'), ver.; mountain in NE. Unión, island off NE. coast of Sámar. Stream Luzón. enters bay of same name about 1, m. S. of LAGÉN (lah-hen'), ver.; island, 1,140 ft. high, Livás Pt. Soundings are from 8 fms. decreas- S. and largest of 3 islands on E. side of Bacuit ing to 3 off river mouth, where there are Bay, NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. many fish weirs. LAGÍN (lah-heen'), nat.; creek emptying on r. - town and p.o. on eminence on SW. shore bank of N. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, of narrow island of that name, 7 by 14 m. off N. coast of Sámar and which forms W. shore Cotabato, Mindanao. of port Palápag. Pop., 8,129. LAGINIT (lah-hee-nit'). nat.; point on W. coast of - small stream which, with Quiapo Riv., forms Sâmar, opposite Aokon I., in Daram channel. tributary of Lipajan Riv. on N., in Tayabas, LAGLAG (lahg-lahg'), nat.; hamlet in Iloilo, Luzón, Panay. bay between Livás Pt. on W. side of Laguán LAGNAS (lahg-nass') nat.; river in Tayabas, Lu I. offering good anchorage in 35 ft., sheltered, zón, rising at foot of Mt. San Cristóbal, re- however, from E. and NE. winds only. ceives tributary from Majayjay Mts., crosses LAGUÁS (lah-gwass'), nat.; river in pueblo of S. part of pueblo of Dolores, and joins Purín Riv. Bauan, Batangas, Luzón, emptying into Ba- tangas. LAGO (lah-goh'). Sp.; island with cone-shaped summit, 450 ft. high, in Busuanga-Calamián LAGUI (lah'-gee), nat.; island off E. coast of Am- channel, Calamianes grp., off NE. coast of bos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. Paragua, Palawan. LA GUÍA (lah gee'-ah), Sp.; town on NW. shore LAGOAGOA (lah-goh-ah-goh'-ah), ver.; moun- of Balete (Valete) port, on E. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, 43, m. SE. of Davao. tain in Abra, Luzón. LAGUIMANOC (lah-gee-mah-nock'), Tag.; port in LAGODÍAN (lah-goh-dee'-ahn), nat.; village W. S. Tayabas, Luzón. of Mati, NW. shore of Pujada Bay, SE. coast - point on E, shore of bay of same name, S. of Davao, Mindanao. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. LAGONBATÓ (lah-gohn-bah-toh'), nat.; point, S. - bay on N. shore of Tayabas Bay, Tayabas, shore of Calagnán I., off NE. coast of Iloilo, Luzón, formed between Tagbilao Grande and Panay. Chico Is, and the mainland on E. Talaban LAGONLONG (lah-gohn-long'), ver.; pueblo at I. about center is lat. 13° 55' 30'' N., lon. 121° 48' 10" E. mouth of river emptying on E. shore of ap- proach to Macajalar Bay, N. coast of Misamis, LAGUIMBANTÁ (lah-geem-bahn-tah'). ver.; ham- Mindanao, 24 m. N. by E. of Cagayan de let on l. bank of Ibajay Riv., 2 m. S. of Ibajay Misamis. Pop., 1,834. at its mouth, in Cápiz, Panay. LAGONOY (lah-goh-noy'), ver.; river in Ambos LAGUÍN (lah-geen') ver.; creek and inlet in W. Camarines (Sur), Luzón, flowing E. enters Sámar. Albay and empties into Lagonoy Bay. LAGUIO (lah-gee'-oh), ver.; stream rising in - pueblo in SE. part of Ambos Camarines pueblo of Gumaca, Tayabas, Luzón, and (Sur), Luzón, near Albay boundary, on r. side emptying into bay of Lamón. of river of that name, 23 m. E. of Nueva LAGUÍSIT(lah-gee'-sit), nat.; river of Pangasinan, Cáceres. Pop., 8,500. Luzon, tributary to Agno Grande. - gulf on SE. coast of Luzón, shores of which. LAGUMA (lah-goo-mah'), ver.; point on E. coast beginning at Maqueda channel, on N. form of Leyte, 6 m. N. of Hinunangan. LAGUNA, LUZON, PROVINCE OF. (Lah-gooʻ-nah, Sp.) Capital: Santa Cruz, lat. 14° 18' N., lon. 121° 24' 30' E. Area: Mainland, 750 sq. m.; 4 dependent islands, 2 sq. m.; total, 752 sq. m. Race: Tagálog. Language: Tagalog. Population: 169,983. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. THE RIVULET BOTOCAN, NEAR MAJAYJAY. TYPICAL SCENERY OF CENTRAL LUZON. HAULING ZACATE (GRASS). A FIELD OF ZACATE (GRASS). GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 571 Luzon I. - South Coast LAGUINMANOK BAY From a Spanish Survey 1866 Talaban I. Lat.13:55.30 N. Long.1210 47.99 E. H.W.F.& c.11. Tido rises 5t fort Pagbilao Re Mularant. (1740) ant Talusan P drevet. * Inaris Pagbilao P 8+ 32 m! Mitra 205 I. Talaban Naghilo P PAGBILAO GRAS 1, adies esting Jagwan .. & Omblabal m 9 101 Bas kapuluan e Lanterner VARIATION LOL.03 WASY CARLY Cables 12 4 Sea Mines 572 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Table of distances. From Santa Cruz to- Batangas, by road on Batangas Bay (S. coast Verde Passage)... Cavite, NNW .... Maubán on Lamón Bay E., Pacific coast ESE ...... Manila, NW... ... ... Manila via Laguna de Bay and Pasig Riv .. Manila by road ... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Laguna lies along the E. and S. shores of Laguna de Bay, from which it takes its name. On the SE. boundary begins the great peninsula of SE. Luzón, from Tayabas to Sorsogon. It is bounded on the N. by Laguna de Bay and Rizal (Mórong); on the E. by Infanta and Tayabas; on the S. by Tayabas and Batan- gas; on the W. by Cavite and Rizal (formerly Manila). AREA. It forms a crescent on 2 sides of the lake, and measures from its NE. point, in a SW, direction, 50 m., and from its SW. point, E. and W., 21 m. Area, 750 sq. m. (land). 4 dependent islands, 2 sq. m.; total area, 752 sq. m.; about the size of the State of Delaware. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The country is mountainous in the N. part, having a peak on the peninsula which extends into the lake, terminating opposite Santa Cruz, 2,579 ft. high. In the SW. rises the celebrated Mt. Maquíling, 3,666 ft. high. It has a number of rivers which irrigate the fertile soil. On the E. the bay forms an arm about 6 m. wide and separates the body of the province from a peninsula, through the center of which extends not only a range of mountains but the boundary between Laguna and Rizal. Among the natural curiosities are the waterfall at Botocán, also the grotto at Maquíling. Among its celebrated mineral springs are those at Lubú, near Jalajala; Galás, near Mabítac; Bombongan, near Pagsanján; Aguas Santas, near Los Baños; at Pansol, near Calamba, and at Calamba (Botal). ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The region is well provided with roads. One extends from Mamasanan S. to Mabítac, near the N. shore of the E. arm of Laguna de Bay; thence it follows the coast of the bay to Santa Cruz; from this point a bighway and telegraph line extends to Majayjay and thence into Tayabas. From Santa Cruz a main road, telegraph line, and projected railroad follows the shore of the bay to Biñang, 22 m. opposite, and thence continues to Cavite and Manila. Calauang and San Pablo are also important road centers. From Calamba, on the main shore road, extends a main highway, tele- graph line, and projected railroad S. into Batangas, and across that province to Batangas town, on the bay of that name, in the Verde Passage between the Mindoro and China seas. The lake (Laguna de Bay) affords excellent water facilities to Manila city and bay by way of the Pasig Riv. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population is 169,983. The inhabitants are chiefly Tagalog, which is the only language spoken. The following is the division of Laguna into pueblos and their respective popula- tion, according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. Laguna (La): Alaminos... Baños (Los). Bay... Biñang...... Cabuyao... Calamba Calauang...... 2, 374 1,349 1,179 7, 358 4, 428 4, 628 1, 6071 2, 292 1, 404 1,175 8,094 4, 601 4, 180 2, 153 4,666 2,753 2,354 15, 452 9,029 8,808 3, 760 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 573 Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 2, 900 2, 990 641 2,221 2.423 704 Laguna (La)-Continued. Cavinti.. Lilio... Longos... Luisiana... Lumbang.. Mabitac... Magdalena Majayjay.. Nagcarlán. Paete ...... Pagsanján Pangil Páquil.. Pila ....... San Antonio.. San Pablo ... San Pedro de Tunasán. Santa Cruz ..... Santa María .... Santa Rosa .. Siniloan 1,478 3,554 6,342 1, 438 3, 535 2,804 2,985 785 2,388 2,528 694 1,665 8, 632 7,244 1, 491 3,589 1, 362 891 3,103 890 9, 639 2,177 6,523 422 4,646 2, 667 5, 704 5,975 1,426 4,609 4,951 1, 398 3, 143 7,176 13,586 2, 929 7, 124 2,794 1,826 6,161 1, 673 19, 365 4,404 12, 940 855 9.355 5, 288 1,432 935 3,058 783 9.726 2,227 6, 417 433 4,709 2,621 Total ....... 83,480 86,024 169,504 Estimated, 1901, 169,683. The province has 33 towns, 15 villages, and about 400 hamlets. Santa Cruz; capital, on the SE. shore of Laguna de Bay. It has fine municipal, ecclesiastical, mercantile, and private buildings. It is a place of important trade, and in road and telegraphic communication with Manila, Cavite, Batangas, and Mau- bán, on the different coasts of Luzon. It is the terminus of a projected railroad from Manila. Pop., 13, 141. Alaminos; on the road between San Pablo and Tanauan, in Batangas, 20 m. SW. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 4,600. Bay; on main road, S. shore of Laguna de Bay, 11 m. SW. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 1,790. Biñang; on the W. shore of Laguna de Bay, on the main road, telegraph line, and projected railroad, at the N. terminus of the boundary between this province and Cavite. It is the largest town in Laguna. Pop., 19,786. Cabuyao; on the l. bank of Laguna de Bay, on the main road and telegraph line, and projected railroad, 20 m. WSW. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 8,888. Calamba (Calamba); on the SW. shore of Laguna de Bay, at the mouth of the San Juan Riv., on main road between Santa Cruz and Manila. It it also on the projected railroad between these towns and the starting point of a projected branch railroad to connect the main line and Laguna de Bay with Batangas, on that bay, on the S. side of the island. This is the birthplace of the champion of the Filipinos and martyr Dr. José Rizal y Mercado. Pop., 11,476. Calauang; on the San Pablo road at the crossing of a river entering Laguna de Bay, near Bay, 12 m. SW. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 3, 107. Cavintí; on the 1. bank of a branch of the Lamoc Riv., 7 m. ESE. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 5,515. Lilio; on the main road between Majayjay and Nagcarlán, 12 m. S. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 5,000. Los Baños; on the S. shore of Laguna de Bay and the main road and projected railroad, 15 m. SW. of Santa Cruz and 34 m. SE. of Manila. In the vicinity are some of the finest mineral springs in the archipelago, which are a favorite resort for inva- lids from Manila. Pop., 2,756. Longos; on the main road, 7 m. N. by E. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 1,413. Luisiana; at the headwaters of the S. branch of the Lamoc Riv., near the Tayabas boundary, 10 m. SE. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 3,802. Lumbang; on the main road, 4 m. E. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 4,293. Mabítac; on the 1. bank of the river, near its mouth, on the E. shore of Laguna de Bay, 11 m. N. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 1,431. Magdalena; on the main road between Santa Cruz and Majayjay, 6 m. S. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 3,143 (in 1887). Majayjay; important road center 11 m. S. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 6,528. Near this town is the famous waterfall of Botocán formed by the Camatian Riy. This stream, 574 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. having its source to the E. of Mt. Banajao (7,326 ft. high), receives during its course of 9 m. several large branches until it reaches Salto, at which point it enters a canyon 466 ft. deep. The river at a width of 90 ft. here takes a perpendicular plunge and rises again in a cloud of vapor, which presents beautiful color illusions from the rays of the sun. Nagcarlán; on the road between Majayjay and San Pablo, 12 m. S. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 12,976. Paete; road center on the E. shore of Laguna de Bay, 7 m. N. by E. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 2,887. Pagsanján; on the main road at the crossing of the Lamoc Riv., 3 m. E. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 6,327. Pangil; on the main road, E. shore of Laguna de Bay, 10 m. N. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 2,459. Páquil; on the main road on the E. shore of Laguna de Bay, 8 m. N. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 1,719. Pila; on the main road, 6 m. SSW. of Santa Cruz Pop., 5,987. San Antonio; on the road midway between Paete and the Tayabas boundary, 10 m. NE. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 1,649. San Pablo; important road center, 17 m. S. by W. of Santa Cruz. In this vicinity are 5 small mountain lakes. Pop., 19,537. San Pedro de Tunasán; near the boundary of Rizal, on the road from Manila to Biñang, 31 m. W. by N. of Santa Cruz across the bay. Pop., 3,700. Santa Rosa; on the W. shore of Laguna de Bay, and on the main road, telegraph line, and projected railroad, 21 m. W. of Santa Cruz, on the opposite side of the lake. Pop., 9,434. Santa María; in the mountains on the main road, 5 m. N. of the E. arm of Laguna de Bay and 16 m. N. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 840. Siniloan; on the main road at the mouth of the Salamabatoc Riv., in the NE. angle of the E. arm of Laguna de Bay, 12 m. N. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 6,659. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The following islands in Laguna de Bay lie off the coast of this province. Caimanes; in the bight of Los Baños, 2, m. W. of that town ...... Pulo Bay; in S. waters of Laguna de Bay, 2 m. off coast near town of Bay.. Pulo Calamba; in opening to deep bight in S. waters of Laguna de Bay, 4 m. NNW. of Los Baños. Island at mouth of river which enters E. arm of bay, 4 m. N. of Santa Cruz .. 4 dependent islands, total area .. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. This province is considered the garden of the Philippines. Its soil and climate are adapted to the successful growth of every variety of tropical plant and tree known to the archipelago. The staple products of domestic use and commercial value are sugar cane, rice, corn, cotton, tobacco, indigo, cocoanut, betel nut, and vegetables. Recent statistics show that upward of one-fifth of the province is under cultivation. MINERALS. The volcanic structure of the mountain regions and the presence of numerous springs strongly impregnated with iron indicate the presence of that mineral. Inves- tigation has not yet revealed the existence of that or any other metal. FORESTS. The forest area is less extensive than in the other provinces. The growth of wood suitable for house and native boat building and furniture making is sufficient both in variety and quantity to meet home demands. FRUITS. The lansón (lanzón) and chico mame, among the most delicious of the fruits of the archipelago, are cultivated in great abundance. The sweet pineapple, mangosteen, sapote, banana, orange, lemon, and other fruits are raised with equal success and constitute an important article of trade with Manila. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 575 INDUSTRIES There is considerable development of mechanical industries. In the list are 210 mills for the extraction of cocoanut oil, a large number of distilleries for the manu- facture of cocoanut wine, and several establishments, which make large numbers of bolos, the knife which takes the place of the machete of the West Indies. The cab- inet shops turn out furniture of the finest designs and handiwork. Blacksmithing, boat building, and other trades are carried on with success. The cheese rivals in quality that of Cebú. The output of these industries is exported from the towns along the lake to Manila and thence to all parts of the archipelago. The pastoral industry is also important, there being reported more than 45,000 head of live stock, including horses, cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. During the movement of the troops, immediately after the signing of the treaty of peace, in the provinces contiguous to Manila a force was sent into Laguna to take possession of strategic points along the shores of Laguna de Bay. On February 15, 1902, the following garrisons were established at Luguna: Alaminos. Cavinti. Nagcarlán. Santa Cruz." Bay. Lilio. Paete. Santa Rosa. Biñang. a Los Baños. a Pagsanján. Cabuyao. Luisiana. Pila." Calamba. a c Magdalena. San Pablo." CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The provisions of the provincial government act” on July 1, 1902, were extended to that territory in the Island of Luzon, known as "the province of Laguna." PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor Secretary Treasurer Fiscal Inspector $1,400 1,200 2. 200 1,400 1, 800 All provincial officers are allowed necessary and actual traveling expenses, not exceeding $2.50 per day, while absent from the capital of the province on official business. LAGUNA (lah-good-nah), Sp.; hamlet on l. shore of | LAGUNA DE BAI, or BAY-Continued. river emptying into sea E. of Cotabato, Min rivers. It has appearance of fresh-water sea. danao. Among its fish are corvinas" (kind of con- ger), very abundant and celebrated. Coast - hamlet in Bulacan, Luzón, 6} m. NW. of towns carry on large trade of products of in- Bulacan. terior with Manila. - hamlet on N. bank of Bacong Riv., 9 m. | LAGUNDI (lah-goon-dee'), nat.; point on SW. ENE. of Tibiao, W. coast of Antique, Panay. shore of Ticao I., Visayas, 7 m, distant from LAGUNA DE BAT or BAY (Lagoon Bay). (lah-goo'- Masbate I., across intervening channel nah day by), Hisp.; purse-shaped lake of - hamlet in Bulacan, Luzón, 8; m. NW. of fresh water in heart of Luzón, connected with Bulacán. Manila Bay by narrow channel known as - pueblo in Rizal, formerly Mórong, Luzón. Pasig Riv., 32 m. from NW. to SE, and 28 m. LAHANG (la-hahng'), ver.; mountain in Sámar. from E.to W., and has coast line 108 m, On NW. and N. extends province of Rizal, on E. and LAHAT-LAHAT (lah-haht-lah-haht'), nat.: islet S. Laguna, which separates it from Pacific in channel between Bubuan and Cabrican Ocean, 13 m, distant from Siniloan, its NE. Is., off NW. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A. angle, and on W. by Laguna, Cavite, and - low wooded island in Laparan grp., Sulu Rizal; its nearest point to Manila Bay 6 m. W. A., NE. of Billangúan and Bambannan. at Las Peñas. In center is Talím I., 9 by 3 - several islands off SW. coast of Basilan I., m., between which and Rizal Pen, on N. is Sulu A. strait of Quinabulucan. There are several other small islands, Pulo Insán, Pulo Olgipán, LAHI (lah'hee), nat.; river entering Davao Gulf and Pulo Calamba; also Pulo Bay. In its N. on E. shore opposite Sámal I., Davao, Min- waters are 3 gulfs and 2 peninsulas, and on danao. its shores many fine towns and capital Santa | LAHUAN (lah-whan'), nat.; island off S. coast of Cruz de la Laguna. Receives waters of 15 | Samar, E. of Alipata Pt. a Telegraph. • Telephone. Post and money-order office, 576 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LAHUY (lah-hooy'). ver.: island N. of Ambos | LALUTAYA (lah-loo-tah'-yah), ver.; island 11 m. Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 4 m. long, whose NW. long, 407 ft. high, 3 m. NÉ. of Crawford Pt., 14 extremity terminates in sharp peak like sugar m. off extreme NW. coast of Paragua, Pala- loaf, rising above smaller islands around it. wan. 3 m. NW. of sugar loaf lies group of 4 islands. LAMABA (lah-mah-bah), ver.; hamlet in Abra, LAÍS (lah-ees'). ver.: town at mouth of small Luzón, 10 m. S. of Bangued. river on W. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Min- LÁMAG (lah'-mag), ver.; town of Abra, Luzón, danao, 57 m. S. of Davao. 13 m. NE. of Bangued. LAJA (lah'-hah), Sp.: island off NE. coast of Am- LAMALANA (lah-mah-lah'-nah), nat.; point on bos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. SE. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Min- LAJÁN (lah-hahn'), ver.; low point covered with danao. mangroves at NE. extreme of Balut I. of Sa- LAMANIG (lah-mah-nig'), nat.; bay in Sw. part rangani grp. About 2 m. S. is anchorage shel- of S. arm of Loog Bay, W. coast of Masbate, tered from sw. and exposed to NE. Hot Visayas. spring on shore covered at high water. LAMAO (lah-mah'-aw), nat.; hamlet in central - extreme NE. point of Balut I., Sarangani Sámar, 9 m. S. of Catubig. grp., S. of Mindanao. - point on W. shore of Bataan, Luzón. LAJANOSA (lah-hah-noh'-sah), Hisp.; island off LAMASANA (lah-mah-sah'-nah); island on S. NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, lying S. of coast, 2 m. SE. of S. point of Leyte, long and Siargao I., and E. of S. Bucas Is., 2 m. NE. of Anajanan I. Passage between this island narrow, 4 m. from N. to S., and 1 m. in and reef, SE. of Siargao, is 5 m. breadth. Has 2 towns, San Bernardo and Triana. LAJAS (lah'-hass), Sp.; cluster of 3 islets on s. side of entrance to Port Santa María, NW. LAMBACAN (lam-bah'-cahn), ver.; island SE. of coast of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. Balábac, off SW. end of Palawan. LAKANGAN (lah-kang'-ahn), ver.; river entering LAMBAJÓN (lam-bah-hohn'), ver.; point on N. on S. shore of Iligan Bay, sw. of Binuni Pt., side of Baganga Bay, E. coast of Surigao, N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. Mindanao. LALA (lah'-lah), nat.; creek emptying on SE. LAMBANGAN (lam-bahng'-ahn), ver.; river in shore of Panguil Bay, sw. end of Misamis island of Marinduque. port, Misamis, Mindanao. LAMBILLÓN (lam-bee-lyon'), ver.; point at N. LÁLAB (lah'-lab) ver.: hamlet on w. shore of entrance to small bay on NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. Town of Caguait (Gigaquit) on bay of Batán, N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 4 m. NE. of Balete. SW. shore. LALABÚAN (lah-lah-boo-ahn), ver.; hamlet on LAMBIT, PUEBLO VIEJO DE (pway'-bloh vyay'- E. shore of Illana Bay, N. of Matimas Pt., hoh day lahm-bit'), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, Cotabato, Mindanao. central Panay, 2 m. W. of Calínog. LALABUNGUEN (lah-lah-boon'-gayn), ver.; inlet LAMBUL (lam-bull'), ver.; islet of Saragani clus- ter, off S. end of peninsula of Davao, Minda- in S. Mindanao. nao. (See Olanivan I.) LALAJAN)lah-lah'-hahn),ver.; town in W. Panay. LAMBÚNAO (lam-boo'-now), ver.; pueblo in LALANGÁN, or GÓMEZ (lah-lahn-gahn', ver., Iloilo, central Panay, 29 m. NW. of Iloilo. goh'-mayth, Sp.); bay on Sw. coast of Min- Pop., 7,989. doro, about middle of strait between Ilín I. and mainland, suitable for coasters drawing - river in Panay. (See Taland Riv.) 1. fms. LAMBUSAN (lam-boo'-sahn), ver.; river entering LALAQUIHUÁN (lah-lah-kee-whan'), ver.; ham- sea near Mancao Pt. and 6 m. S. of Remigio, let in pueblos of Samal, Bataan, Luzón. W. coast of Cebú. -- mountain in S. Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. LAMIDÁN (lah-mee-dahn'), ver.; hamlet Sw. of LALAUIGAN (lah-lah-wee'-gahn) nat.; island off Calián Pt., E. coast of Davao, Mindanao, 69, SE. coast of Sámar, between Masisingi to m. S. of Davao. NE. and Puapunan Is. to SW. LAMIGAN (lah-mee'-gahn), nat.; point and divi- - bay on N. coast of Samar, in pueblo of sional headland of peninsula of Guanguan, Pambuján. 10 m. NW. to SE., separating Mayo Bay on NE. from Pujada Bay, on SW. coast of Davao, - point on E. coast of Sámar, lat. 11° 38' N. Mindanao. At sea front of peninsula summit LALAUIGUIN (lah-lah-wee'-geen), nat.; bay and 853 ft. conspicuous landmark for vessels on point on its S. end on mainland side of chan- this coast. nel between Mindoro and Ilin I.; watering - point in S. Mindanao. place for vessels is on this bay. LÁMINA (lah -mee-nah), Sp.; hill SE. of Bacat, LALAWAN (lah-lah'-wahn), nat.; town in E. Cebú, Cotabato, Mindanao. LALAYAN (lah-lah'-yahn), ver.; river in Min LAMINGAO (lah-meeng-ah'-aw), ver.; island off danao. W. coast of Sámar, opposite pueblo of Pina- LALAYANGA (lah-lah-yung'-ah), nat.; point on bagdao. E. shore of Polloc Harbor, Cotabato, Minda- LAMÍNTAO (lah-meen'-tow), nat.; point on SW. nao. coast of Mindoro. LALAYUNGA (lah-lah-yoong'-ah), ver.; point in LAMINUSA (lah-mee-noo'-sah), ver.; island in S. Mindanao. Tapul grp., Sulu A., # m. E. of E. point of LALAY-YAGAN (lah-li-yah'-gahn), ver.; point in Siasi I.; low and covered with mangroves; on island of Buad, W. of Sámar. NW. port village and cocoanut plantation; LALIG (lah-lig'), ver.; river of Tayabas, Luzón, anchorage between this island and E. point of in pueblo of Tiaong, taking SW. course and Siasi well sheltered. Place was pillaged and entering Tiaong Riv. wrecked in 1884 at time of civil war after LÁLIT (lah'-lit). ver.: tributary of Malanao Riv. death of Sultan; native town at that time contained 2,000 inhabitants. Depths range in W. Tayabas, Luzón. from 18 to 60 ft. Island is one of numerous LAL-LO (lahl-law'), ver.; pueblo and p. 0. on r. elevated spots of dry land on reef which ex- bank of Grande de Cayagán Riv., Cayagán, tends E. from coast of Siasi I., one of best Luzón, 14 m. from its mouth and connected grounds of marine pearl-breeding mollusks. with coast at Buguey, 11 m. NE. and 42 m. of LAMIT (lah-mit'); island off N. shore of Ambos Tuguegarao. Pop., 6, 475. Camarines (Sur), Luzon, W. of Quinalásag. LALOP (lah-lop'), ver.; hamlet on SE. coast of LAMITAN (lah-mee'-tahn), ver.; hamlet in een- Basilan I., Sulu A. tral Basilan I., Sulu A. LALUNGÀ (lah-loon-gah'), nat.; island 1 m. in LAMMUYAN (lam-moo'-yahn), ver.; point on N. diameter in Guimarás Strait, 2 m. off E. coast shore of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., and E. head of Guimarás I., opposite Iloilo, Panay. to Amigas port. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 577 $ 10 X 33 10 NAGNETIC S. Doc. 280— aman.Inles 369 33 VAR by NEARLY 34 Er3Z E.(1898) STATIONARY 2 * 33 37 JAMINUSA USUR Luhanego 20 TAPUL GROUP ISLASPI 1) LAMINUSA ANCHO From a Spanish Surrey 1883 3 Soundings in fathoma. Pria Fiscap, Simuta Nanka Parian anga udad Sale of 10 Cables al Sea Me 578 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LAMÓN (lah-mohn'), nat.; landlocked bay on Pacific coast of Luzon, protected from N. winds by Polillo, Patnanongan, and Jomálig Is. On W. and S. shores lie Infanta, Laguna, and Tayabas, and on S. and E. Tayabas and Ambos Camarines Norte). Alabat I. and sev- eral smaller islands form an inner bay on S. - point on E. coast of Mindanao, 5 m. S. of Lianga Bay. - bay in Laguna, Luzón. (See Maubán.) LAMONAUAN (lah-moh-nah-wahn), ver.; moun- tain, one of peaks of Gran Cordillera Central, on line of boundary between Abra and Cagayán, between Mts. Bumurayan and Pucâ. LA MONJA (lah mon-hah), Sp. (Nun or Hay- cock): high rock in middle of entrance to Manila Bay, 3 m. W. of Corregidor I. LAMONTANA (lah-mohn-tah'-nah), Hisp.; hamlet in pueblo of Tayasan, Negros Oriental. LAMPAY (lam-pie'), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, 2 m. NNE. of of Calínog. LAMPINIGAN (lam-pee-neel-gahn), ver.; island 200 ft. high off NW. shore of Basilan I., S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao, with Malamaui I. forming roadstead of Isabela, capital. - island in N. waters of Imurúan Bay, W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. LAMPÓN (lahm-pohn'), Tag., port, well sheltered, with 5 to 12 fms. (Binangonan), in NW. part of Lamón Bay, in Infanta, Luzón. Shores are overgrown by dense vegetation and cov- ered by remarkable Binangonan Mt.; several rivers, where good water may be obtained, flow into port. Port celebrated in Philippine history as depot during part of sixteenth century of Spanish galleons and treasures of Manila, it being in more desirable position for communication with New Spain than any port in then little-known and difficult strait of San Bernardino. LAMPÓN, REAL DE (rray-ahl' day lahm-pohn'), Hisp.; deep; narrow point on E. coast of In- fanta, Luzon, trending N. 5 m. within 1 m. of Binangonan de Lampón, provincial capital. LAMPON, REAL DE-Continued. Several rivers enter it from N. and W. Paca- pateon hamlet lies on W. side of its entrance. LAMPONG (lahm-pong'), Tag.; lake in pueblo of Barás, Rizal, Luzón. LAMUCUHÁN (lah-moo-coo-hahn'), ver.; moun- tain in S. Leyte, 3 m. W. of Malitbog. LAMUNYÁN (lah-moon-vahn'), nat.: point E. head to Dos Amigas port, N. coast Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. LAMUTI (lah-moo-tee'), Tag.; mountain in Rizal, Luzón. LAMUTUN, or GUIBAUAN (lah-moo'-toon, gee- bah'-wahn), ver.; mountain in Basilan I., off S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. LAMUYÓN, or SOLITARIO (lah-moo-yohn', ver.; soh-lee-tah'-ryoh, Hisp.); island S. of Albay, Luzon. LANAD (lah-nahd'),ver.; peak in Zambales range, Luzón. LANAHÚAN (lah-nah-hool-ahn), ver.; island 7 m. S. of Manghal Pt., S. coast of Basilan I., Sulu A., off S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao; has 2 hills, 318 and 394 ft. high; N. side is inhab- ited. LANÁN (lah-nahn'), nat.; point and river entering narrow channel of Barrera port, between Pa- montalán I. and mainland, NE. coast Mas- bate, Visayas. - town on E. Tablas I., Romblon grp., Visa- yas. (See Taun.) LANANG (lah-nahng'), ver.; river and bay on E. coast of Sámar, with anchorage with 10 ft. to 8 fms. about 800 yds. from river's mouth; bad in heavy weather. - town in N. Masbate, Visayas, on r. bank of river rising in Bagasimbahan Mts. and emp- tying into Barrera port 21 m. below. Pop., 1,294. - hamlet on W. shore of narrow channel of Pakiputan Strait, which separates main shore of Davao, Mindanao, from Sámal I., 3, m. NE. of Davao. - pueblo on bay on E. coast of Sámar, 44 m. SE. of Catbalogan, across island. Pop., 4,479. LANAO, MINDANAO. (La-now', meen-dah-now', ver.) Chief town: Batô, near Lake Lanao. Lat. 7° 50' N., lon. 124° 20' E. Area: 3,900 sq. m. Population: 100,000 (estimated.) Race: Moros. Language: Moro, Malay-Moro, and local dialects. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. In defining the boundaries of the new civil province of Misamis, under the “pro- vincial government act," a large portion of the former territory of that name was cut off S. of lat. 8º and now constitutes the district formerly known as Lanao, which lies in the heart of Mindanao, and is bounded on the N. by the 8th parallel of lat.; on the E. by Surigao and Dávao; on the S. by Cotabato, and on the W. by Dapitan. AREA. The district of Lanao measures 70 m. N. and S. along its E., and 130 m. E. and W. along its S. boundaries. Area, 3,900 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The region within the boundaries of Lanao and the E. part of Dapitan is traversed by the Rangaya or Súgut range and its spurs, the highest summit of which in Lanao is 5,200 ft. W. of Lanao Lake, and 8,580 ft. and 5,427 ft. in the Gran Malindang, along the E. boundary of Dapitan. From these elevations the rivers of Lanao fall MORO DATOS (CHIEFS) OF LANAO, OF THE GRAND (PULANGUI) RIVER OF MINDANAO. Vestments of silk embroidered with silver and gold. AN ASSEMBLAGE OF MOROS ON THE GRAND (PULANGUI) RIVER OF MINDANAO. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 579 N. into Panguil and Iligan bays, and in Dapitan W. into the Sulu Sea. The Pulangui or Grande Riv. of Mindanao traverses the great valley of the E. part of Lanao from N. to S. The line of boundary between Lanao and Misamis crosses the Laguna de Malano, or Lanao, from which the district takes its name. This lake is 16 m. from N. to S. and 102 m. from E. to W., at least four-fifths of its length from N. to S. lying within this district. It is from 18 to 30 ft. in depth, and has 6 islands, the largest of which, Nuza, is inhabited. The lake empties over a waterfall into Iligan Riv. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. 18 to 30 ft. inths of its length is 16 m. There are few roads, but numerous trails connecting the various Moro settlements. The towns and villages along the shores of Laguna de Lanao use that waterway and tributaries as means of traffic among themselves and to the adjoining regions of Misa- mis and to tide water at Iligan Bay. Paths over the mountains which separate the district from Cotabato on the S. are also in connection with rivers flowing S. across Cotabato into Illana Bay. The region between Lake Lanao and the mountain bound- aries of Surigao and Dávao draining into the Panguil, not only forms means of trans- portation into that river, but also through it has an outlet to the sea by way of the continuation of that stream, known as the Pulangui or Grande Riv. of Mindanao. POPULATION AND TOWNS, The region comprehended under the name Lanao is occupied by Morog of the Mala- nao tribes, Batô alone having a population of 4,000. It is estimated that the inhab- itants along the banks of the Pulangui Riv. and Lanao Lake, which is surrounded by over 60 towns and villages, will approximate upward of 100,000. The languages spoken are the Malanao dialects of the Moros. In Dapîtan the inhabitants in towns number 17,273. The wild tribes are estimated at 3,000. Total, 20,273 of Moro blood, speaking dialects of Malay-Moro, Visayan-Cebuano, and Montés. The following are the principal towns of Lanao: Batô; the chief Moro settlement near Lanao Lake. Pop., 4,000 (estimated). Covadonga; at the head waters of a tributary of the Pulangui Riv., near the Misa- mis boundary. Ducus; on the l. bank of a tributary of the Pulangui Riy., near the Misamis boundary. Lepanto; on the r. bank of the Pulangui, 2 m. S. of Valencia. Marahui, or Marahuit; a former Spanish military station, with a native settle- ment in the vicinity. Nuza; a village of 500 nipa huts on an island in Lanao Lake. Sevilla; on the r. bank of the Pulangui, 6 m. S. of its crossing of the boundary from Misamis. Valencia; on the r. bank of the Pulangui, 8) m. S. of the Misamis boundary and 15 m. E. of Lanao Lake. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The soil, of great fertility and well watered by the main channels of the Pulangui, its tributaries, and the lake, produces bountiful crops of hemp, cotton, sugar, coffee, corn, cacao, tobacco, and vegetables for home consumption. The spices, gutta-percha, and rubber grow wild. MINERALS. There are reports of gold in the hills, also indications of coal, but nothing is known of the quantity or value. FORESTS. Some of the most valuable woods and forest products of Mindanao are reported to exist in this province. FRUITS. Bananas, mangoes, pineapples, and other species of the lower latitudes of the archipelago. INDUSTRIES. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in gathering forest products, weaving for home use, and raising cattle. Trade is carried on by the lake and also by the Pulangui and tributaries to Cotabato. 580 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. On February 15, 1902, there were no military garrisons in Lanao, although the countrv was occupied by troops. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The provisions of the “provincial government act” have not been extended to Lanao. LANAO, or MALANAO, or MAGUINDANAO (lah- now', mah-lah-now', mah-geen-dah-now'), ver.; lake 22 m. NE. to SW., and from 15 to 16. m.wide in Misamis, Mindanao. Waters empty into Iligan Bay on N. through river of same name, 16 m. long. Bay fed by number of streams draining surrounding elevations. On S., connected by stream about 2 m., is Lake Tapao, its SW. shore within 16 m. of NE. shore of Illana Bay, on S. coast of Mindanao. Lake occupies extensive basin with Lake Tapao and surrounded by villages at inter- vals of 2 or 3 m., comprising large popula- tion engaged in agriculture and trade. - hamlet on NW. shore of Sarangani Bay, S. Dávao, Mindanao, 778 m. S. by W. of Davao. - hamlet on NE. coast of Cebú, 2 m. SE. of Daan Bantay, on NW. coast opposite. - hamlet on E. coast road, 6 m. SW. of Argao, Cebú. LANAS (lah'-nahs), Sp.; hamlet on W. shore of Sarangani Bay, S. coast of Davao, Mindanao, 78 m. SSW. of Davao. -- mountain in Cebú. LANAVAN (lah-nah'-vahn), nat.; island off S. coast of Basilan I., S. of Zamboanga, Min- danao. LANAY (lah-nie'), ver.; river in Batangas, Luzón, rising in Mt. Bartolina, flowing NNE., thence turning to E. and emptying into Rosario Riv. LANDARGUN (lahn-dar'-goon), ver.; one of high- est, 5,397 ft., and most remarkable of peaks of central mountain range, extending NE. from Mantalingahan Mt. and 11 m. inland from Pescado Pt., S. Palawan. LANDICAN (lahn-dee'-cahn), ver.; point in S. Mindanao. LANDUNGAN (lahn-doong'-ahn), ver.; point on SE. coast of Cebú, 1 m. S. of Nueva Cáceres. LANGANGILAN (lang-ahn-hee'-lahn), ver.; ham- let in Abra, Luzón, 9 m. NE. of Bangued and on trail S. along Abra Riv. LANGAO (lang'-ah-oh), nat.; point on W. side of Bunut Port, S. shore of Albay, Luzón. - hamlet on r. bank of Cagayán Riv., 9. m. above Cagayan de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. LANGARAN (lang-ah'-rahn), ver.; town and port on NW. shore of Iligan Bay, Misamis, Min- danao, 17 m. E. of Dapitan. Lat. 8° 37' N., lon. 123° 41' E. Pop., 11,779. - river emptying on N. shore of Iligan Bay at town of same name on its r. bank, Misa- mis, Mindanao. LANGASMATE (lan-gass-mah'-tay), ver,: 2 flat islands covered with vegetation, W. of Malu- so Bay, W. coast of Basılan I., S. of Zam- boanga, Mindanao - 2 islands of Maluso Bay, WSW of mouth of Maluso Riv., W. coast of Basilan I., S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. LANGAYANGAN (lahn-gah - yahng'-ahn), ver., mountain in Abra, Luzón. LANGCAN (lang-cahn'), ver.; port and point on SE. coast of Dumarán I., off Paragua, Palawan. LANGEE (lahn-hay'-ay), ver.; point on extreme S. shore of Luzón, in Albay. LANGIDEN (lahn-gee'-den), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, in pueblo of La Paz. LANGIDEN; mountain in Abra, Luzón, in pueblo of La Paz. LANGLÁ (lahng-lah'), nat.: hamlet in pueblo of Gapán, Nueva Ecija, on bank of Cabanatuan Riv. LANGLAD (lahn-glad'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Naga, Cebú. LANGOS (lahng'-os), ver.; hamlet near Paracale, in Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón. De- posits of gold, worked by natives, and red lead exist in vicinity. LANGOY (lahng-oy'), nat.; SW. islet, 4 m. E. of Langcán inlet on SE. coast of Dumarán I., off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. (Also Christmas.) LANGOYON (lang-oh'-yon), ver.; point of prom- inence on E. side of Sindangan Bay, Sw. coast of Dapitan, Mindanao. LANGTANAG (lahng-tah-nahg'), nat.; point on NE. shore of Loog Bay, SE. arm of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. LANGUIDÉN (lahn-gee-dayn') ver.; hamlet on r. bank of Abra Riv., in Abra, Luzón, 4 m. SW. of Bangued. LANGUIPAO (lahn-gee-pah'-aw), ver.; island off NE. coast of Ambos Camarines, Luzón. LANGU YON (lahng-00-yohn'), ver.; point mid- way between Baganga and Caraga bays, E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. - point at S. of entrance to harbor of Tubu- ran and river entering 1 m. SE. of point, W. coast of Cebú. LANHIL (lahn-hill'), ver.; NE. island of Basilan grp., S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 558 ft. high, about 1 sq. m. in area, in middle of entrance to Basilan Strait, 104 m. N. by E. of Matanal, E. point of Basilan I., and it m. to NW. of Sibago I. LANIG (lah-nig'), ver.; mountain in Bontoc, Lu- zón. LANIGAN (lah-nee'-gahn), nat.; anchorage 2, m. N. of C. San Agustín, S. end of SE. peninsula of Mindanao. Only accessible to very small craft and well sheltered from N. and S. Stream of fine water enters S. of anchorage. (Also Lauigan.) - river in Panay. LANIGAN, or LAUIGAN (lah-nee'-gahn, lah-wee'. gahn); port (anchorage) on E. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, inside San Agustín Pt., E. head to gulf, lat. 6° 15' N., lon. 1260 5 E. LANÍS (lah-niss'), ver.; SW. point of Mactan I. off Cebú, with light to S. entrance to Cebu port, Cebú. - ledge on W. end of small islet about 60 by 40 ft., upon which is light-house and group of nipa houses occupied by light-keeper and pilots for harbor of Cebu LANOW (lah' now) (also Lanao), ver.; hamlet in S. part of Mindanao LANOY (lah-noy'). ver., river of Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon, tributary to stream entering Magat Riy. LANSOGON (lahn-soh-gohn'). ver.. hamlet on I. bank of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., W. Samar. LANTAG (lahn-tahg'), nat.; hamlet of Abra, Luzón, between Pusulguan and Gineg Rivs., which unite S. of point of same name. LANTAO (lahn-tah'-oh), yer.; small island off E. end of Jomálig I., in entrance to Lamón Bay, off coast of Ambos Camarines, Luzón, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 581 MINDANAO, NORTH COAST PORT LANGARAN Scale 7200 Reconnaissance by officers of the U.S.S. Leyte Position (approx.) Lat 8° 37' N, Long 123° 41' E. of Gr. hulliliit Variation 113'E in 1901 Nearly stationary I LIGAN BAY Car Miles to Po i miles from lan Baran 36 st. 24 70 24 VLM 30 24 72 72 24 36 30 24 art. Coral Shoe Noto Spanish chart shows two shoals (marked "situation approx- imate sach with 23 feet, tying at distances of mile and I milo respectively from the entrance to this port in general direction N. by E. 1 Nautical Kilomeus 582 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LANTIÁN (lahn-tee-ahn'), ver.; point on Rom- LA PAZContinued. blón I., Visayas. 34 m. S. by W. of Butúan. Town lies in foot- LANTOG (lahn-tog'), ver.; mountain in W. cen- hills of dividing range between Surigao on E. tral Cordillera, Cebú, 6, m. W. of Argao. and Misamis on W. LANTON (lahn-tonn'), ver.; hamlet of Cotabato, - pueblo in Iloilo, SE. Panay, 2 m. NNW. of Mindanao, near borders of Misamis, 32 m. Iloilo. Pop., 3,641. NE. of Cotabato. - pueblo on Tineg Riy., in Abra, Luzon, in LANTUBA (lahn-too'-bah), nat.; point E. shore of foothills of SW. spur of Gran Cordillera Cen- Barrera I., Barrera port, NE. coast of Masbate, tral, 7m. NE. of Bangued, with which it is Visayas. connected by footpath. Pop., 2,869. LANUGAN (lah-noo'-gahn), ver.; islet 1 m. from - hamlet in E. Leyte, 7 m. S. of Burauen and SW. coast of Albay, Luzón. 113 m. N. of Bito Lake. LANUMANG (lah-noo-mang'), ver.; river in Panay. pueblo and road center in Tárlac, Luzón, 9 m. SE. of Tárlac, near r. bank of Chico LANUZA (lah-noo'-thah), Sp.; pueblo on SW. shore of bight W. of Cáuit Pt., NE. coast of (small) de la Pampanga Riv. Pop., 2,805. Surigao, Mindanao, 55 m. SE. of Surigao. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 6 m. NNE. of Pop., cn. 1887, 2,207. Bacolor. LAOAG (lah-wag'), ver., river of Ilocos Norte, LA PAZ VIEJA (lah path vee-ay'-hah), Sp.; ham- Luzón, enters China Sea S. of Mt. Cáuit: let on r. bank of Chico de la Pampanga Riv., mouth closed by bar. Anchorage off river at junction of 4 roads and crossing of that is good in 7 fms., with Cáuit Mt. bearing NE. stream in Tarlac, Luzón, 12 m. SE. of Tárlac. - pueblo, p. o., and capital of Ilocos Norte, LAPGAO (lahp-gow'), nat.; pueblo in Nueva Luzón, 4 m. from mouth of Grande de Laoag Vizcaya, Luzón. Riv. on coast road. Pop., 37,094. LAPINIG (lah-pee-nig'), nat.; creek emptying on LAOANG (lah-wang'), ver.; pueblo in Sámar. extreme SW. shore of Panguil Bay, sw. end Pop., 8,129. of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. -- river in Sámar emptying on Sw. coast, in LAPINIG, or LAPINIT (lah-pee-nig', lah-pee- pueblo of Basey. neet'), nat.; point on NE. coast of Sámar. - hamlet in pueblo of Balangiga, on S. coast LAPININ (lah-pee-neen'), ver.; 2 islands NE, of of Sámar. Bohol, Visayas. LAOANGAN (lah-wang'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on N. | LAPININ CHICO (lah-pee-neen' chee'-coh), Hisp.; coast of Sámar, 4. m. WSW. of Pambuján, island 1 m, off SW. shore of Lapinig, and 2 m. LAOG (lah-og'), ver.; hamlet on SE. shore of San NE. of Úbay, NE. coast of Bohol, Visayas. Pedro and San Pablo Bay, SW. Sámar, 12, m. LAPINÍN GRANDE, or MINOC (lah-pee-neen' SE. of Basey. grahn'-day, mee-noke'), Hisp.: island 9 m. - hamlet in pueblo of Angat, Bulacan, from NE. to SW. and 5 m. from NW. to SE., Luzón. lying at NE. extremity of Bohol, Visayas, and LAOIS (lah-oh'-ees), Hisp.; hamlet in pueblo of separated by sea channel 1 m. wide and 18 to Santo Tomás, Unión, Luzón. 21 ft. deep. LAPÀ (lah-pah'), ver.; mountain 1,060 ft. high on LAPIRAUAN (lah-pee-rah'-wahn), ver.; hamlet island Sw. of Dinagat I., off NE. coast of on W. shore of Dumanquilas Bay, Zamboanga, Surigao, Mindanao; mark to navigators ap- Mindanao. Off hamlet lies group of 6 small proaching S. entrance to Gipdo Passage from islands in entrance to this bay. 79 m. NE. of Port Gabô. Zamboanga. - mountain on SE. shore of Gabô port, Diná- LAPITAN (lah-pee'-tahn), nat.; point on NE. gat I., off N. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. shore of Illana Bay, in Cotabato, Mindanao. LAPAC (lah-pack'), ver.; village on island of that LÁPIZ (lah'-pith), Sp.; hamlet on N. shore of name, Tapul grp., Sulu A. Supplies of bul Polloc port, Cotabato, Mindanao. locks, goats, and fowls are abundant, but LAPLÁN (lah-plahn'), ver.; falls in Hitobano vegetables scarce. Riv., Negros Occidental. - island im. W. of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu LAPOG (lah-pog'), ver.; pueblo on coast highway A., 6 by 3m. and 1,344 ft. high. Has 2 in Ilocos Sur, Luzón, 14 m. N. of Vigan. conspicuous peaks, with great dip between, Pop., 6,000. giving at distance appearance of 2 islands. - bay on coast of Ilocos Sur, Luzón, S. of On NW. are 8 peaks, highest 1,010 ft. altitude; on SW. are 2 peaks, Mt Lapac, most N., 1,305 port Salomague, on old charts Solot-Solot or Solón-Solón by others. Well sheltered. Land- ft., and other 1,043 ft. high. This island, like Siasi, is surrounded by villages, in which mark, Mt. Bulagao, 3,629 ft. high on SE. chief occupation of people is pearl and shell LAPOGÁN, or SIBUG (lah-poh-gahn', see-boog'), fishing. nat.: river in Isabela, emptying into Grande - point on SE. shore of Lapac I., Tapul grp., de Cagayán Riv. Sulu A. LAPO-LAPO (lah-poh-lah'-poh), Tag., hamlet in LAPALAU (la h-pah'-lah-oo), nat.; creek entering pueblo of Ibaan, Batangas, Luzón. on bank of Talayan, tributary of S. branch LAPUN LAPUN (lah-poon lah'-poon), nat.; islet of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- 135 ft. high, NW. of anchorage of that name, danao. off N. coast of Cagayan Sulu I., Cagayan LAPARÁ (lah-pah-rah'), ver.; hamlet near Para- Sulu grp., Sulu Sea. cale in Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón. anchorage, 18 fms., off N. coast of Cagayan Deposits of gold worked by natives exist in Sulu I., Cagayan Sulu grp., Sulu Sea. Geo- this vicinity. graphical position, "observation spot," S. shore of anchorage between Toa Bulingis LAPARAN (lah-pah'-rahn), nat.; largest island of and Toa Solot, lat. 7° 02' 45' N., lon. 118° group of that name, Sulu A., 7 m. NE. to SW. 28' 37" E. and 4 m. E. and W., 66 m. W. by S. of Sulu and 23 m. WSW. of Malicut of Pangutaran LARA (lah'-rah), Sp.; hamlet 41 m. W. of Cota- grp., Sulu A. (See Tawi Tawi grp.) bato, Cotabato, Mindanao. LAPAT (lah-pat'), nat.: point on Dumanquilas LARAC (lah-rahk'), ver.; island off S. coast of Bay, SE. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. Mindanao. LAPAYON (lah-pah'-yohn), ver.: hamlet in Iloilo, LARASÁN (lah-rah-sahn'), ver.; river in pueblo SE. Panay, 3 m. W. of Zárraga. of Tiaong, Tayabas, Luzón, rising at foot of LA PAZ (lah path), Sp.; town at headwaters of San Cristóbal and empties into Tiaong Riy. stream entering Agusan Riv., 1 m. below out LARGA (lahr'-gah), Sp.; point on W. coast of let of Pinayat Lake, in Surigao, Mindanao, Paragua, Palawan. (See Long Pt.) 01 I.APAC SIASSI S LAND ISLAND PAAN SULU ARCHIPELAGO TAPU. GROHE LAPAC AND SIASCI ISLANDS THE NORRIS POTERS CO PHOTO-UTHO. WASHINGTON DC S Doc 28.0 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 583 24 02 pote RL $14 134 134 138 118 138 124 2343 es Oo813 13 2013 19. DS 36 89 Silumisan I. 324 38 65 72 92 59 4 3353 2033 Po 121 118 1969 5 50 103 115 138 98 128 124 u 13 118 ON 23 (3 TE 1910 3 LAP 0 40 99 20 20 20 20 fun 1111 med, 118 1310 138 98 79 23 10 29 28 6233333918 €1515 62 108 98 823 16 33 leveres 10 10 16 163 161013 46 115 89 128 126 128 128 U8 1623 731 136 30 16 16 16 23 202319 (18 09 36 ve 2 144 75 eget WI 62 33 121 2026 28 IS SII 16 323 16131930 29 16 13 10 115 115 26 108 69 101 Barn 14! 75 > 26/3 16 69 2910 75 Wa 92 118 82 & 60 134 16.23 2.28 130 82 56 85 72 59 se 52 131 39 59 52 48 10016 729 118 92 701 So 132669 82 82 82 52 88 62 118 95 59 65 95 128 SL 6L SL 5 29 2915 SC SCI S2 72 $2 79 115 65 18 49 SO 30 108 23 62 943 39293 49 $? 105 75 282 29 62 48 se 69 19 028 $636 S.SE 15 is 120 2023 23 10 39020 A31552 2015 is 23 23 US $6 65 16 1303 49 2543 33 26 26 101 66 50 104 33 29 29 10 3 10 28 92 59 25326 19 13.26 93 95 1990 2070 5 36 49 10.103 46 36 115 147 128 118 CP 49 126 46 39 23A 723 Terrindes 28 2965 2310 56 20 5 to 4346 3 2923 6538 128 95 26 26 39 108 ** TC OS 43 W126 23 es & 39 46 46 92 95 68 69 20 128,43 2 13 56 26 49 43 39 Se $6,39 33 40 915 19 BE3 10 36 10 ou es 59 46 46 33 Ton Bulingis TUR TOO Tavo I PHILIPPINE ISLANDS KAGAYAN SULU LAPUN LAPUN ANCHORAGE Fun a Spanish survey in May 1884 Observation Spote LaLTOZ 45 N Long 118°38'(37) E. Yes yemen 584 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LARÔ (lah-roh'), nat.; river in Ambos Camarines LAUEG (lah-weg'), nat.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, (Norte), Luzón, rising in LabÔ Mt. flows on bank of river at foot of spur of Cordillera NE., emptying into Pacific Ocean opposite Central. Indang I. LAUG (lah-oog'), nat.; village on Balábac I., off LARUTIN (lah-roo-teen'), ver.; hamlet in An extreme SW. point of Palawan. tique, Panay, 12 m. W. of Pandán. LAUGÁN (lah-00-gahn'), ver.; hamlet on W. LASAI (lah-si'), ver.; point SE. of Naro Bay, Mas coast road, 41 m. S. of Colasi, Antique, Panay. bate I., Visayas. LAUIGA (lah-we'-gah); point on E. coast of Min- LASANG (lah-sahng'), ver.; point and river in S. doro. Mindanao. LAUIGAN (lah-wel-gahn), ver.: hamlet on ex- LASEDON (lah-say-dawn'), ver.; hamlet on l. treme SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 11 m. SW. of shore of one of outlets of Grande Riv. of Min- San Joaquín. danao, Cotabato Mindanao, 5 m. W. by S. - point on N. coast of Sámar. LASISI (lah-see-see), Tag.; point in SE. Bataan, - port on E. coast of gulf of Davao, Minda- Luzón. nao. (See Lavigan.) LAS MERCEDES (lahs mer-thay'-days), Sp.; pue- LAUING (lah-wing'), ver.; creek in Ambos Cama- blo near mouth of small river, on SE. coast rines, Luzón. of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 13 m. NE. of Zam- LAUIS (lah'-wis), ver.; hamlet on N. point of boanga. Pop., 2,372. Bantayan I., 17 m. NW. of Medellín, on NW. - pueblo in Davao, Mindanao. coast of Cebú. LASNASON (lahs-nah-sohn'), ver.; small stream - pueblo and point on NW. coast of Bohol, entering sea on SE. coast of Cebú between Visayas, 9 m. SW. of Getafe. Pop., en. 1887, Nueva Cáceres and Oslob, 11 m. S. 7,188. LAS NAVAS (lahs nah'-vahs), Sp.; town in central LAULAN (lah'-oo-lahn), nat.; creek entering on Surigao, Mindanao, on W. foot of coast range, r. bank of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, 89 m. SSE. of Surigao. Town lies near head- Cotabato, Mindanao. waters of Gibong Riv., tributary of Lake Pinayat. LAÚN, or LANÁN (lah-oon', lah-nahn'), ver.; town on E. coast of Tablas I., Romblon grp., Vi- LAS NIEVES (lahs nee-ay'-vess), Sp.; town on r. sayas, off E. coast of Mindoro, 5 m. N. of bank of Agusan Riv., in Surigao, Mindanao, Calaton Pt. 98 m. S. by E. of Butúan. LAÚNGAN (lah-oong'-ahn), ver.; mountain in W. LAS PIÑAS (lahs pee'-nyass) Sp.; pueblo on E. Lepanto, Luzón. shore of Manila Bay, in Rizal, Luzón, 8 m. S. of Manila. Pop., 4,000. LAUREL, for.; rock between 6 and 7 m. from Yaganac I., Cagayan Sulu grp. (See Yaga- LASSÁN (lahs-sahn'), ver.; river of Dávao, Min- nac I.) danao, entering Davao Gulf on NW. shore. LAURIGAN (lah-oo-ree'-gan), ver.; point on S. (See Panacán Riv.) coast of Mindoro, on small inlet, Bulacán. LASUÁN (lah-soo-ahn'), ver.; 2 islets of same name, 2. m. apart, in mid channel between - cove on E. shore of Bulalácao Bay, SE. NW. coast of Bohol and SE. coast of Cebú, 41 coast of Mindoro, sheltered from all winds, m. SE. of Mactan I., off SE. coast of Cebú. with from 13 to 16 fms. LATAG (lah-tahg'), nat.: hamlet in pueblo of LAVAMPÁ (lah-vahm-pah'), nat.; island in inner Santiago, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. entrance to Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Luzón, E. off Saclayán Pt. LATING (lah-ting'), ver.; mountain in NE. Panay. LATITUDE, for.; island off S. end of Montero I., | LAVEZARES (lah-vay-thah'-ress), Sp.; pueblo on off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. N. shore of Sámar, W. fronting Balicuatro Is., 64 m. N.W. of Catbalogan. Pop., 3,480. LATONGON (lah-tohng'-ohn), nat.: point and mountain 1 m. to SW., 1,297 ft. high, on NW. LAVIBÍAN (lah-vee-bee'-abn), Tag,; river in W. shore of Murciélagos Bay, Dapitan, Mindanao. Laguna, Luzón, emptying into Laguna de LA TORRE (lah toh'-rray), Sp.; hamlet 2 m. E. of Bay, W. shore. (Also Basal.) Bayombong Nueva, Vizcaya, Luzón. LAVIGAN (lah-veel-gahn), ver.; point on E. shore LA TRANCA (lah trahn'-cah), Sp.; village on Ma- of Davao Gulf, 2 m. NW. of C. San Agustín, nila Bay, coast of Cavite Pen., Sw. of Cavite, SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. Luzón. LAVIGAN, or LANIGAN, or LAUIGAN (lah-veel- LA TRINIDAD (lah tree-nee-dad'), Sp.; pueblo gahn, lah-nee'-gahn, lah-wee'-gahn), ver.; and former capital of Benguet, Luzón, in N. port (anchorage) on E. shore of Davao Gulf, central part of province. Pop., 2,106. Dávao, Mindanao, inside San Agustín Pt., E. LATUÁN (lah-too-ahn'), ver.; island 4 m. SE. of head to gulf, lat. 6° 15' N., lon. 126° 5' E. E. peninsula of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., and LAVILAVI (lah-vee-lah'-vee), nat.; point extreme with Secubrun I. forms Paragua channel. W. of Ambil 1. and E. head of N. entrance to LATÚN (lah-toon'), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, Ambil Passage, NW. of Mindoro. 16 m. S. of Bangued. LAWA (lah'-wah), ver.; hamlet at Calilidan Pt., LAUAÁN (lah-wah-ahn'), ver.; islet off S. coast of W. shore of Dávao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, 66 hamlet on mainland and river of same name, m. S. of Davao. in S. Sámar. LAYAAN (lah-yah'-ahn), ver.; inland hamlet in -- mountain in E. Leyte, 7 m. E. of Alang- Cápiz, N. Panay, 1 m. S. of Cápiz. Alang. - mountain on Biliran I. off N coast of | LAYABAN (lah-yah'-bahn). ver.: point N. of Alo- Leyte. ran and 8 m. SSE. of Polo Pt., W. shore of Iligan Bay, Misamis, Mindanao. LAUÁN, or LABAN (lah-wahn', lan-bahn'), nat.: hamlet in pueblo of Bantón, Romblon, Rom- LÁYAC (lah'-yahk), Tag.; tributary which empties blón grp., Visayas. into Manila Bay through Orani Riv., in Ba- - bay on E. coast of Tablas I., Romblon grp., toán, Luzon. Visayas. | LAYAG (lah-yag'), nat., mountain in Antique, - hamlet in pueblo of Baleno, Masbate, Ti W. Panay, at head waters of Sibalón Riy., 4 cao I., Visayas. m. SE. of Valderrama. - hamlet in pueblo of Romblon, Tablas I., - mountain in Masbate. Visayas, about cen- Romblon grp., Visayas. ter of island, S. of Port Barrera. - town in Iloilo, Panay. LAYAGON (lah-yah'-gawn), ver.; hamlet on r. LAUANG (lah-wang'), ver.; town and river in bank of tributary of Jalaur Riv., in Iloilo, Masbate I., Visayas. W. Panay, 2 m. NW. of Maasin. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPI'INE ISLANDS. 585 Mangrove Patches of sand, madrepore and coral, dry or covered with less than 6 inches of water VARIATION ....... OB'E.(1900) NEARLY STATIONARY Beacon (trunk of atre el 20 26 $ 26 13 13 16 120 26 1616 18 16 5 s S.M S 13 S. Med .......... 3 32 10 1 3. Mad Mangrove Catches of sand, madrepore and coral DAVAO GULF MINDANAO Waterus obtained about 300 yards south of the anchorage LAVIGAN ANCHORAGE (LANIGAN) A.Lat.6'15'100' N Long. 126°05'001E. Rise of tide about 6 feet Yards 100 60 100 200 586 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LAYA-LAYA (lah-yah-lah'-yah), ver.; 2 islets 1 m. | LEDÁN (lay-dahn'), nat.; mountain with 3 peaks, SE. of Libucán Daco, in Libucán grp., off W. N. 1,000 ft., S. 1,105 ft., and SE. 926 ft. high, in coast of Sámar. NE. corner of Cagayán Sulu, 3 making land- LAYANLAYANG (lah-yahn-lah-yahng'), Tag.; marks of approach to island from Sulu Sea. hamlet in pueblo of Angat, Bulacán, Luzón. LEGANÉS (lay-gah-ness'), Sp.; pueblo in SE. LAYAPAC (lah-yah-pahk'); point in Buad I., W. of Iloilo, Panay, 7 m. N. of loilo. Pop., 2,875. Sámar. LEGASPI (lay-gas'-pee), Sp.; mountain of Suri- LAYAUAN (lah-yah'-wahn), nat.; hamlet in Misa- gao, 3,888 ft. high, at N. end of great range mis, Mindanao. paralleling E. coast of Mindanao. It com- mands Jugas Pt. and surrounding region. LAYLAY (lie-lie'), Tag.; river in Marinduque I. - hamlet, Negros Oriental, 1 m. S. of Jilaitán LAYO (lah'-yoh), nat.; river entering on NW. Pt., 9 m. N. of Guijulugan, E. coast. shore of Libás port, E. coast of Sâmar. - island off SW. coast of Sámar, in strait of LAYOAN (lah-yoh'-ahn), ver.; hamlet near l. San Juanico. bank of Bac-hao Bangkhon Riv., 3 m. NE. of Gándara, SW. Sámar. - pueblo, p. o., and m. o., and port of Albay, capital of Albay, Luzón. Roadstead exposed LAYOG (lah'-yog), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, SE. to NE. storms; useless in winter. Season of Panay, 7 m. W. of Janiuay. most active trade with Manila between Jan- - mountain 3 m. SW. of Súlat, E. coast of uary and October. During autumn months Sâmar. native water communication ceases. Town is 13 m. NE. of Albay and 4 m. from Mayon - hamlet on E. coast of Albay, Luzon, 35 m. or Albay Vol. It shares with Tabaco hemp SE. of Albay. shipment of the province. Pop., 6,830. LAYUGAN (lah-yoo'-gahn), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, on i. bank of Abra Riv., 8 m. SE. of LELAUIGAN (lay-lah-we'-gahn), ver.; island off Bangued. E. coast of Sámar, 5 m. S. of Hernani. LEÁN (lay-ahn'), ver.; mountain and islet off LELEBOÓN (lay-lay-boh-ohn') nat.; island #m. in diameter between Condolú and extreme Palawan. S. point of Calicoan I., off extreme S. coast of LEAUGÁN (lay-ow-gahn'), for.; hamlet in Lanao, Sámar, Visayas. Mindanao. LEMERY (lay-may-ree'), Sp.; pueblo in SW. part LEBAC (lay-back'), ver.; port between Lebac and of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 12 m. E. of Con- Nara Pts., on W. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, cepción. Pop., 3,677. 24 m. S. by E. of Quidapil Pt.; affords good shelter in all weathers, but sea sets in with - pueblo 15 m. from Batangas, Luzon, on W. shore of Pansipal Riv., which connects that W. winds. lake with Balayán Bay. At this point high- - port W. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, ap- way crosses stream by native ferry and road proaching Illana Bay: easy of access and to Balayán. Pop., 2,890. Township has 14,000 suitable for vessels of any size; on NE. shore inhabitants and is center of agriculture, fish- is village. ing, and trade, inland and coast. - island off Lebac Pt., SW. coast of Cotabato, LENE (lay'-nay), ver.; stream emptying into San Mindanao. Miguel Bay, E. shore, in Ambos Camarines - river entering port of that name, SW. coast (Sur), Luzón. of Cotabato, Mindanao. LENGÁ (layn-gah'), ver.; hamlet in Lepanto, - N. point at entrance to port of that name Luzón, 6 m. SSE. of Cayán. Pop., 200. on SW. shore of Cotabato, Mindanao. LENO (lay'-noh), ver.; bay on W. coast of Cota- - one of several rivers entering port of that bato, Mindanao. (See Linao Bay.) name E. of anchorage. Natives along shores have reputation of using poisoned arrows. LENUNGAN (lay-noong'-ahn), ver.; island in LEBANG (lay-bahng'), ver.: mountain in SW. opening of bay on E. coast of Cotabato, Min- Benguet, Luzón. danao, 175 m. s. of Cáuit Pt. Tandá lies at mouth of SW. shore of bay. - hamlet in Unión, Luzón. LEBUK (lay-book'), ver.; hamlet on SW. shore of LEÓN (lay-awn'), Sp.; pueblo in sw. Iloilo, Basilan I., off S. coast of Zamboanga, Minda- Panay, 14 m. NW. of Iloilo. Pop., 13,950. nao, 17. m. S. by W. of Isabela. - hamlet in W. Antique, Panay, 2, m. SE. of LEBUNGAN (lay-boong'-ahn),ver.: town in SW. Nalûpa Nueva. Cotabato, Mindanao, 15 m. SSW. of Cotabato. - islet, 210 ft. high, of Cuyos grp., Mindoro LECHONES (lay-choh'-nays), Sp.; point in S. Sea, 21 m. WNW. of Agutaya. Bataan, Luzón. LEPANTO (lay-pahn'-toh), Sp.; town on Tiagan- LECTÚAN (lec-too'-ahn), nat.; point on SE. end of Cervantes highway, 9 m. E. of Cayán, on Balanguingui I., Balanguingui grp., Sulu A. headwaters of Abra Riv., in Lepanto, Luzón. LEDAC (lay-dahk'), ver.; hamlet in Ilocos Sur, - town on r. bank of Pulangui Riv., 41, m. Luzón. SSE. of Cagayan de Misamis, Mindanao. LEPANTO, QUIANGÁN, LUZÓN, AND SUBPROVINCE OF LEPANTO-BONTOC. (See Lepanto-Bontoc, Luzón, province of.) LEPANTO-BONTOC, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Lay-pahn'-toh-bohn-talk', ver.) Capital: Cervantes, lat. 17° 1 10 N., lon. 120° 50% 30%' approximately. Area: 1,232 sq. m. Population: Lepanto, 16,026; Bontoc, 13,985; Amburayan, 30,000; total, 60,011. Race: Ifugaos and Igorrotes. Language: Ilocano, Igorrote, and Ifugao. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. PUBLIC SESSION OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION AT CERVANTES. Ilocanos in foreground, Igorrotes in background, AN IGORROTE WARRIOR, BONTOC. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 587 WR.Talamarig P! Lehác 26 ac Island 17 15 22 20 28 VARIATION...... ...IHL 1902) NEARLY.......... STATIONARY 1 20 28 26 16 Tubotubo ba 20 22 PIN. 1 R. Lobao 28 MINDANAO 1. PORT LEBAC Surveyed by D. Luis Angosto Ensign Roya Spanish Mary, 1874. Lebac P. Island Let. 6:33:25. N. Leng 124° 0'25 Z MULTI (P Xtas Nautical Mile 588 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Table of distances. From Cervantes to Bontoc, NE........ Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, SSE. Manila, S......... San Fernando, SW., Unión .. Vigan, Ilocos Sur, NW..... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Lepanto-Bontoc, comprising the former comandancias of Lepanto, Bontoc, Amburayan, and Quiangan, occupies the W. center of N. Luzón, and is bounded on the N. by Abra, E. by Cagayán, Isabela, and Nueva Vizcaya, s. by Nueva Vizcaya and Benguet, and W. by Union and Ilocos Sur. AREA. The 3 subprovinces united measure approximately 56 m. from NW. to SE. and 33 m. from NE. to SW.; area, 1,232 sq. m. or the size of Rhode Island. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The E. half is very rugged, being covered by the main range and W. spurs of the Cordillera Central, while its W. boundary is formed of the lofty summits of Langoh- goan, Estilete, 4,446 ft., Monserrat, 5,617 ft., and Girayán, 6,280 ft. high. Within their borders on the E. watershed rise the N. tributaries of the Magat, emptying through the Grande de Cagayán into the Pacific on the W., while the W. watershed drains through the Abra Riv. into the China Sea on the W. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The country thinly settled is without roads, all transportation being by trail, except to Vigan, in Ilocos Sur, which is a drive of about 12 hours from Cayán. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The registered population of Lepanto is 16,152 and of Quiangán 30,000, the latter distributed among a large number of hamlets of which 218 are known. The inhab- itants of the former are made up of various races of Ifugaos and Busaos, Igorrotes the most numerous. The languages are Ilocano, Catoan, Igorrote, Ifugao, and other dialects. The following is the division of Lepanto into pueblos and their population accord- ing to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblo. Men. Women. Total. Lepanto: Cervantes.. 8,146 7,880 16, 026 The census of 1896 states in detail the population of the towns organized after 1887, as contained in the lowing additional table: 734 Angaqui... Bagnén.. Balaca........ Banaso..... Banco ........ Banguitan.... Besao......... Cadanaanan. Cagubalan. Cayán Cervantes Dain. Data .... Gayán ... 1, 180 263 385 520 450 2,055 468 149 671 920 336 841 203. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 589 Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblo. Men, Women. Total. 749 630 276 431 690 1,174 1,469 525 186 568 Lepanto-Continued. Guinsadán ...... Ibanao. Lenga ..... Lessep.. Luban .. Malaya.... Mancayan.. Masla....... Namatec ... Namitpit ..... Otucan.. Pandayan .... Pilipil.... Pingad...... Quinali. Sabangan Sumedel.. Suyon ... Tacbae ... Tadián.. Ululin .... Vila. 738 171 739 565 614 442 735 185 628 Total 21, 608 Estimated, 1901, 46,152. The following are the chief towns: Cervantes; capital of the province, 3 m. SE. of Cayán, in Lepanto, about the center of Lepanto, on the divide between the headwaters of the Caicayán, a branch of the Grande de Cagayán to the NE., the Abra to the NW., and the Grande Agno to the S. Pop.: Of the town proper, 920; of the pueblo, 16,026. Cayán; sometimes Cagayán, the former capital of Lepanto, lies 3 m. NE. of Cer- vantes, now the present seat of local government. Pop., 671. Bagnén; 9 m. N. by E. of Cervantes, at the head waters of the N. branch of the Abra Riv. with the Bontoc boundary. Pop., 1,180. Besao; on the N. branch, near its source, of the Abra Riv., 11 m. N. by E. of Cer- vantes. Donaue; in the former Quiangán comandancia. Lagaui; in the former Quiangán comandancia. Magulang: in Quiangán comandancia. Mancayan; SE. of Cayán, in Lepanto, and celebrated for its copper mines. Mangaoa; in Quiangán comandancia. Quiangán; the principal town of the former comandancia of the same name, in the valley also of the same name, which extends from N. to S. from Lepanto to Nueva Vizcaya, following the Abulao branch of the Magat Riy. Sagao; in Quiangán comandancia. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The crop for home consumption is rice, tobacco, sugar cane, corn, and vegetables. MINERALS. The region abounds in copper almost pure. At one time the mines of Mancayan produced annually more than 4,000 quintals (220 lbs. avoirdupois=1 quintal). FORESTS. The molave (molaue), banaba, pine, oak, sabine, elm, strawberry tree, and cassi- mont grow in extensive forests. FRUITS. There are no cultivated fruits, oranges and lemons being found wild. The country is adapted to the growth of fruits of the S. portion of the temperate zone. 590 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. INDUSTRIES. Mining copper is the only industry of any importance. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. On February 15, 1902, the following were the military stations in Lepanto: Cervantes. San Emilio CIVIL GOVERNMENT. [Under act of May 28, 1902, P. C.] The territory hitherto comprised in the comandancias of Lepanto, Bontoc, and Amburayan, together with the territory lying between the boundaries of Abra, Cagayán, and Bontoc, and not hitherto included within the limits of any province organized under the provincial government act, was constituted a province, to be known as the province of Lepanto-Bontoc, divided into 3 subprovinces as follows: The subprovince of Lepanto, to comprise the territory hitherto included in the comandancia of Lepanto. The subprovince of Bontoc, to comprise the territory hitherto included in the comandancia of Bontoc, and that limited by the boundaries of Abra, Cagayán, and Bontoc, and not hitherto included within the boundaries of any province organized under the provincial government act. The subprovince of Amburayan, which shall comprise the territory hitherto included in the comandancia of Amburayan. The provisions of act No. 337, entitled “An act providing for the organization of a provincial government in the province of Nueva Vizcaya,'' and of act No. 388, amendatory thereof, are made applicable to the province of Lepanto-Bontoc: Provided, That the officers of the provincial government shall be: PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Provincial governor .. .. $1,800 Lieutenant-governor for the subprovince of Bontoc; office, pueblo of Bontoc. 1,400 Lieutenant-governor for the subprovince of Amburayan; office, pueblo of Alilem ......... 1, 200 Secretary-treasurer ..... 1, 200 Supervisor.. 1,500 Fiscal 1,500 The provincial officers, except for Bontoc and Amburayan, are required to reside and keep their offices at Cervantes, in the subprovince of Lepanto, which is declared the capital of the province of Lepanto-Bontoc. The lieutenant-governors, in the exer- cise of their duties in their respective subprovinces, are subject to the supervision of the provincial governor, as set forth in acts 337 and 388. They are also eligible to appointment as deputies of the provincial secretary-treasurer. The governor and lieutenant-governors are constituted justices of the peace ex officio. ive sub toc. Tovince ofayan, a LERINGANAN (lay-ring-ah-nahn), ver.; hamlet | LETAYEN (lay-tah'-yayn), ver.; island at en- of Cotabato, Mindanao, 7 m. SW. of Le- trance to Sibulan Bay, and off that island, S. bungan. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. LESA (lay'-sah), Sp.; inlet in S. Mindanao. LESSEP (les-sayp'), ver.; hamlet in Lepanto, LETUC (lay-took'), nat.; point E. head of Cana- Luzón. Pop., 263. losan cove, Sarangani Bay, Dávao, Mindanao. LEYTE, VISAYAS, PROVINCE OF. (Lay'-tay, vee-sah'-yas, nat.) Capital: Tacloban, lat. 11° 15' N., lon. 124° 59' 30" E. Area: Mainland, 3,872 sq. m.; dependent islands, 342 sq. m.; total, 4,214 sq. m. Population: 270,491. a Telephone station. No 4441 124° 38' 12500 125°03 Au Danga 970 S A M A R I S L A N D Basey Rivers heavily wooded country ail h trees AROOL 4 N I UANICO Point Guintulan 224 IS 129 Catinic tha Enoruan ld. 15 13 Bagacay Island 12 10 12 lo 15 12 S15 S T R A IT ......12 23 22 22. 22 s. 26 24 21 26 25 23 17 162 24 22 A Point Jagedela 26 23 20 23 0 1919 2814 32 2016 20 i . 12; 5.13 25 34 33ci 29 27 28 23 37 .20 29 33 Point Binatac 27 626 21S 30 34 36 32 37 1/25 25 - 29 2920 2013 23 17 - 24 . 37 Fly 39 2821 29 11 16 HY16 16 35 20 23 17 249 S 21 s. 171 21 23 20 20 23 10 24 23 23 22 22 21 is. 1817 19 ** Bacalan Island 27 22 2 26 al 27 26 129 22 22 13 18 17 -20 25 33 -22 * 23 75 35 32 Massive 31 35 35 50 46 35 49 46 32 33 47 33 252 - 32 22 ze 58 22 22 25 37 314 20 14 22 26 25 31 29 28 29 38 31 28 . 20 23 34 34 33 22 20 Auipolo River 38 29 S. 65 Point Anibun24 39 S. 26 37 36 35 32 39 37 32 38 39 39 20 25 38 Pir" 15.10 --- 16 18, -16 21 - 19 28 27 27 23 -21 str. 22 22 25 23 28 Panalarum Bay 28 39 39 3938 33 33 25 39 34 26 124 27 29 41 28 26 1 28 30 -26 27 32 obao River 20 23 28 37 38 39 45 25 39 43 42 39 45 35 30 22 17 M 34 29 31 35 19 29 23 26 29 23 29 29 19 1920 *? 19 20 43 38 386 40 40 42 27 32 32 29 36 34 29 29 28 30 35 43 42 38 34 38 so 38 s. 44 35 36 40 38 43 42 45 44 45 29 36 40 43 37 29 31 32 32 31 28 27 27 33 35 31 30 26-27 26 22 22 ********* 19 S. 20 1 6 22 27 28 32 25:20 1 5 25 g 17:12 31 29 30 15 37 29 27 28 29 29 25 39 40 28 40 35 39 35 36 39 33 29 9 29 23 !? za 26 23 22 12 27 37 35 27 23 -- 2519 35 21 31 29 19 27 27 21 29 .24..... 27. 2 27 16 29 29 25 3 6 35 19-----413 18 19 27 26 16 27-22 21 23-25, -- 15 -- 26 3 26 23 . 2912 * 22 32 31 22 v 31 30 31 23 31 19 18 31 18 28 9 27 22 ...22 -*-18 . 30 17 19 12 15 19 16 16 15 15 Point Borac le 15 16 le 16 36 15 13. 19 . 13 12 28 30 30 0 31 27 30 30 16 29 18 48.17 10 11 10 15 26 10 Is 12R 28 3 27 14 13 u Point 3 25 5 10 20 E 16 81 28 28 S. 28 17 10 15 31 16 MALACHTO Fred 75 ft. 30 21 31 30 30 26 2518 151 647 19 K Tolegraph Station" 27 10272 g14 y River Araga River 15 5 18 Z 2010 20 201 12. 43 2 9 prin 20 a 1512 '10's 34: to 2128 2 12 3 21 "23 15 16 16" rky. 1 Bandon ban 10 1023 **** 12" iš 1921 2016 . 163 171 145 os. 18 20 s. 7 SAVO 27 109 100- 200 9. 10 9 - 20 14 10% ozes 23 125 1818 . 12 . -300 -400 500 0 12 10 15 17 26 23 1013 10 119 ia 8 14 -600- 1*12 2013 19 700 19 19 101 12 13 14 20 245 2 800- 20 2021 202 21 21 19 900 19 1919 -2 20 F 93 20 20 po 245 247 33 16 20 22 25 22 21 30 25 22 21 25 22 Point Catalsan 26 22 22 21 21 !6 20 211 2st 22 22 21 28 26 Mountains 22 231 222 224 224, 22 22 22 22 22 26 24 943 M21 Tea ins heavily 8 9 12 12 224 11 .10 O N M 23 CA N C A B A T d. 18 21 21 11/9 21 21 The flats to the southward not resurveyed. The Spanish charts show 18 to 191 feet of water across 24 BA Y timbered 2: 21 * 0 22 pro 2.2 22 "A 22 * 1. 25 баго 16! * TREASURY DEPARTMENT Mt. Naganaga A N Telegrap Dio ld. 12 +27 D TRUE NORTH PHILIPPINE ISLANDS LEYTE, EAST COAST TACLOBAN HARBOR SAN PEDRO AND SAN PABLO BAY Scale 20000 Survey by the U.S. Coast and Ceodetic Survey LT A R o 861 Es PERT ZOK OMPASS AGNETIC COMP Ole mimili Ol aken 380 MAGNETU July 1901 From Taro LUZ * tinin 691 PHILIPPINE Q:* miliki Soundings and heights in feet Manil Sankicardo Variation 0° 59' E. in 1901 Annual increase !" 60 Geographical Position Telegraph Station Lat. 11° 15' 06N Long. 125° 00 or East of Gr. NO militatili ascimmin globa ISLANDS Tides The two tides of the day are generally unequal, the inequality varying with the moon's declination The plane of reference is the mean of the lower low waters Mean time of high water after moon's meridian passage 6h 40 m. Mean time of low water after moon's meridian passage Oh39 m. Mean height of higher high water above plane of reference 2.2 feet Mean height of all high waters above plane of reference1.6 feet Mean Voight of all low waters above plane of reference 0.1 feet The predicted time and height of the tide can be obtained from the TIDE TABLES published annually by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Bottom M. mud S. sand, G gravel, rky. rocky stk. suchy, N 869 Denis Nautical Miles ristiti Kilometers Statute Bold fort 124°58' .125 00' 125°03' THE NORRS PETERS.CO. POTOUTHO. WASHINGTON DC U.S. Coast and Seolic Survey, O.H. Tilmann, Superintendent Manila Suffice, Advance Print, Oct 1901 Tacloban Harbor No. 4441 S Doc 2 80 57 1 BRIDGE OF PALO, LEYTE. SURING NATIVE HOUSE IN COURSE OF CONSTRUCTION, WITH NIPA THATCH, VISAYAS, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 591 360 Race: Visayan. Language: Visayan. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay. Table of distances. From Tacloban to- m. Cebú via Surigao Strait..... 207 Manila......... Manila via San Juanico Strait, Daram Passage, San Bernardino Strait, Mindoro Sea, and Verde Passage... ... 414 Misamis, Mindanao, via Surigao Strait.. ... 207 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Leyte comprises the island of that name. It occupies a central position among the SW. members of the Visayan grp. It is bounded on the N. by the waters leading up to San Bernardino Strait, the SE. point of Masbate lying 20 m. opposite the extreme NW.; on the NE. by Sámar, from which it is separated by the narrow strait of San Juanico; on the E. by San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, the Pacific Ocean and Surigao Strait which separates it from Dinagat I.; on the S. by Panaón, one of the dependent islands; Sógod Bay and the NE. arm of the Sulu Sea, Mindanao lying 30 m. to the SE.; on the W. by the Visayan Sea, Bohol lying 16 m. to the SW. and Cebú 22 m. to the W. AREA. Its extreme length of mainland is 121 m. from NW. to SE., and 52 m. NE. to SW. Area, mainland, 3,872 sq. m.; 40 dependent islands, 342 sq. m.; total, 4,214 sq. m. It is within 776 sq. m. as large as Connecticut; over half the area of Massachusetts: nearly twice that of Delaware, and 4 times that of Rhode Island. PHYSICAL FEATURES. 3,130 ft.; a peiliran Strait on th4,245 ft. high; 6 extinct The interior of the island is mountainous, there being a number of craters of extinct volcanoes, among them elevations 6 m. NE. of Campucán, 4,245 ft. high; 6 m. S. of Carigara Bay, 4,025 ft. high, overlooking Biliran Strait on the N., 2,074 ft.; Cabalían Mt. in the extreme SE., 3,130 ft.; a peak overlooking Tacloban, 1,047 ft.; and Mt. Sacripante, 3,911 ft. high, in the SW. The island is traversed by many very fine rivers, among them the Palaoay, the A panican, and Leyte entering a long, narrow cove in the NW. The latter stream is an outlet for a portion of the waters of Danao Lake. The Cabayong receives through the Cantepopo the waters of 2 interior lakes, Amanbiuing and Danao, which empty on the E. shore of Carigara Bay and several into San Pedro and San Pablo Bay; the Baybay into the bay of that name and the Bao through a delta into Bello port. fine sacripante, 3,911 ft on the pre archit Leyte i the co coast, 13. The fonted by nun BAYS AND HARBORS. The irregular coast line of Leyte is indented by numerous bays, some of them among the finest of the archipelago. The following may be mentioned: Arévalo; on the NW. coast, 13 m. S. of Rabín Pt. Baganito; on the coast of Biliran I. Baybay; on the W. coast about the center. Biliran; the channel of Bilîran separating the island from the NW. promontory of Leyte, 15 m. long and 7 m. wide at its N. and less than 4 m. at its S. entrance, has an anchorage of 5 fms. in front of the town of Biliran. Biloan (Biliran); on the N. shore of Biliran I., W. of Anas Pt. Cajagnaán; on the extreme SW. coast, NE. of Taguús Pt. Camiris; on the E. shore of the bay of San Pedro and San Pablo, N. of Tanauan. Campopo; on the W. coast separated from Tabango by Pt. Liglio and peninsula, 6 m. wide. It is larger and deeper than the Tabines. Cancabatô; a cove S. of Tacloban near the E. entrance of San Juanico Strait. Capalis (Biliran); on the E. shore of Biliran I., fronting the channel of Daram, S. of Jabujab Pt. Carigara; a deep bight in the N. coast, 23 m. between heads and extending 11 m. inland. Dupón; on the W. coast between Sacaysacay Pt. on the NW. and Capiyoman on the SĒ. Hilongos; on the SW. coast, E. of Pontod Pt. Hinunangan; on the SE. coast, with 15 fms, in the middle and 58 fms. off the town. The 2 islands Cabugan in the N. part afford shelter, the channels being 1 m. wide and 15 to 25 fms. deep. 592 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. rom 74 SW. le of Since pointms. in the only wange N.o Hinundayan; on the SE. coast opposite Dinagat I. and S. of the island of Cabugan Grande and Chico, or San Pedro. It is small, with 11 fms. in the passages on either side of the island and 3} fms. within. Inagayan; on the extreme NW. coast of Biliran I., E. of Pintado Pt. Inopacan; S. of Bitanguan Pt. Isidro; on the extreme NW. coast, 12 m. S. of Rabín Pt. Jaclugan; formed by the E. coast of a small peninsula E. of Tanauan. Liloan; a sheltered port on the W. coast of Panaón I. From 7 to 9 fms. deep. It has 2 entrances, the E. very narrow, with 23 to 41 fms. in Panaón Strait, and the W. from 7 to 9 fms. At the NW. of the entrance point the depth is 56 fms. Lión; at the extreme NW. angle of Sógod Bay. Maasin; on the extreme SW. coast, W. of Batô Pt. Ormoc; on the W. coast E. of Calunangan, 15 m. between heads, with 23 to 9 fms. It is the only safe anchorage on the S. coast of Leyte during the typhoons. Port Bello is in the NW. angle. Panaluran; formed by the N. coast of the small peninsula of Tacloban. Palompón; a port on the W. coast S. of Pt. Canaguayan. The only entrance is to the N. Quinangcang; on the W. coast of Panaón, near its NW. point. Romano; on the E. shore of Panaón I. San Agustín; on the W. coast, about the center, N. of Baybay. San Pedro and San Pablo; formed by the SW. coast of Sámar and the E. of Leyte. It is 13 m. between heads opening into the Pacific Ocean. It extends 12 m. N. to the entrance of San Juanico Strait. One of the most capacious harbors of the archipelago. Siapón; on the W. coast, 2. m. E. of Dupón port, sheltered from all winds except from the S. and SE. It is 15 fms. at the entrance and gradually lessening inward. Sógod; on the S. coast of Leyte, 22 m. between Taancán or Ninipo, the S. point of Leyte and Nangayao on the W. coast of Panaón I. opposite, and extending 26 m. inland to the N. It is surrounded by a number of fine anchorages. It has 78 fms. at the entrance, 32 fms. in the center, and 64 in the N. waters. Sónog; on the SW. shore of Panaón I., S. of the point of that name. Tabango; on the W. coast separated from Campopo by Pt. Liglio, 6 m. wide. Is larger and deeper than the Tabines. Tabín Chico; on the NW. coast N. of Tabín Grande. Depth 7 to 11 fms. Tabín Grande; across the dividing peninsula, 2 m. S., and 9 m. S. of the NW. end of Leyte. Depth is 7 to 11 fms. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. Along the E. coast, especially between Tacloban and Abuyog are numerous roads suitable for carriage and wagon transportation at all seasons of the year. The W. coast is paralleled by roads or trails almost the entire distance from N. to S. The numerous rivers furnish inland transportation. On the coast communication is more frequent by sea. The large number of gulfs and bays, although they often cause breaks in the road, furnish coastwise as well as interior waterways. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The number of registered inhabitants is 270,491, almost all Visayans. The lan- guage of the province is Visayan. The following is the division of Leyte into pueblos and their respective population according to the census of 1887: Total population combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 2, 958 1, 307 1,160 6, 103 2, 830 400 Leyte: Alang-Alang. Albuera. Almeria .. Babatungon ..... Barugo. Batỏ... Baybay. Biliran 654 3, 145 1,523 1, 240 668 4, 199 1,275 5,848 882 1, 322 4,094 1, 337 8, 293 2. 612 11, 444 5,596 785 1,667 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 593 Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. D 6, 692 1,947 2,011 568 691 6, 127 11, 929 4,454 5,827 2, 180 3,370 1,774 1, 315 4,504 1, 673 1, 419 7,120 2, 329 390 3,579 722 2, 293 849 1,360 6, 589 7, 826 2,984 1,066 1, 461 13,333 1,375 au Leyte-Continued. Burauen... Cabalían Caibirán.... Cajagnaán.. Capoocan.... Carigara.. Dagami... Dúlag. Hilongos.... Hindang ..... Hinunangan Hinundayan. Inopacan.. Jaro ........ Leyte......... Liloan........ Maasin .. Mac Crohón. Malibago... Malitbog ... Maripipi.. Matalom Mérida Naval Ormoc.. Palo........ Palompon.. Quiot....... San Isidro del Cam San Miguel.. San Ricardo. Sogod ... Tacloban.. Tanauan Tolosa. Villaba .. ....... 7,242 2, 174 2, 434 566 654 6,553 11,819 4,639 7,848 2, 235 3, 382 1, 788 1,477 4,724 1,598 1,567 7,353 2,556 425 3,887 807 2,378 863 1,475 6, 776 8, 229 2, 781 959 1,684 1,315 1, 702 2, 150 2,505 7,261 2, 490 1, 292 138, 471 13, 934 4,121 4,445 1,134 1, 345 12,680 23,748 9,093 13, 675 4, 415 6,752 3,562 2,792 9, 228 3,211 2,986 14,473 4,985 815 7, 466 1,529 4,671 1, 712 2, 835 1,815 16,055 5,765 2,025 3,145 2,048 3,077 4, 484 4,899 14, 624 4,885 2,495 269, 755 2,334 2, 394 7, 360 2,393 1, 203 131,284 Total.. Estimated, 1901, 270,491. There are 50 towns of populations from 1,850 to 25,000; also 130 villages. The following are the towns: Tacloban; the capital, open to coast trade. On the W. of the entrance to the nar. row strait of San Juanico, in the NW. entrance to San Pedro and San Pablo Bay. It is well built and has an important trade. It is a perfectly protected port, with 4 different wharves for ships. Pop., 11,000. Abúyog; on the E. coast, at the mouth of the Nalibunan Riv., 34 m. S. of Taclo- ban. Pop., 9,112.. Alang-Alang; near the r. bank of the Cabayong Riv., 11 m. WSW. of Tacloban. Pop., 8,602. Albuera; on the W. coast, 31 m. SW. of Tacloban Pop., 4,555. Almería; on the W. coast of Biliran I., 50 m. NW. of Tacloban. Pop., 3,216. Babatungon; on the S: shore of the Janabatas channel, end of San Juanico Strait, 154 m. NW. of Tacloban. Pop., 2,213. Barugo; open to coast trade. On the SE. shore of Carigara Bay, 20 m. W. by N. of Tacloban. Pop., 12,322. Batô; on the SW. coast, between Hilongos and Matalom, 64 m. SSW. of Tacloban. Pop., 3,651. Baybay; open to coast trade, on the W. coast, at the mouth of Pagbangauan Riv., 40 m. SSW. of Tacloban. It is also an important hemp port. Pop., 17,367. Biliran; on the S. coast of Biliran I., 40 m. WNW. of Tacloban. Pop., 6,201. Burauen; near the l. bank of the Dao Riv., 21 m. S. by W. of Tacloban. Pop., 21,290. Cabalían; on the extreme SE. point, 70 m. S. by E. of Tacloban. Pop., 4,785. Caibirán; on the E. coast of Biliran, on the Daram channel, 37 m. NW. of Tac- loban. Pop., 4,153. Cajagnaán; on the SW. coast, 75 m. S. by W. of Tacloban. Pop., 3,000. S. Doc. 280— 38 594 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Capoocan; on the S. shore of Carigara Bay, 25 m. E. of Tacloban. Pop., 3,000. Carigara; open to coast trade, on the S. shore of the bay of the same name, 22 m. W. of Tacloban. Pop., 13,732. It is also an important hemp port. Cáuit; on the SW. shore of Ponson I., Camotes grp. Dagami; on the r. bank of the head waters of the Binahaan Riv., 16 m. SSW. of Tacloban. Pop., 25,000. Dúlag; on the E. coast, at the mouth of Catbassag Riv., 19 m. S. of Tacloban. Pop., 10,113 Hilongos; on the SW. coast, at the mouth of the Salog Riv., 62 m. S. by W. of Tacloban. Pop., 13,813. Hindang; on the W. coast, 60 m. SSW. of Tacloban. Pop., 5,314. Hinunangan; on the W. coast, at the mouth of Paso Riv., 62 m. S. of Tacloban. The Cabugan Is. lie off this coast. Pop., 7,899. Hinundayan; on the SE. coast, s. of Pandán Pt., 65 m. S. by E. of Tacloban. Pop., 3,986. Jâro; 9 m. SE. of Carigâra, on the shore of that bay, 15 m. W. of Tacloban. Pop., 12,475. Inopacan; on the W. coast, 55 m. SSW. of Tacloban. Pop., 4,239. Leyte; on the E. side of the narrow arm of Biliran Strait, trending S., 37 m. W. by N. of Tacloban. Pop., 6,719. 'Liloan; on the N. point of Panaón I., on Panaón Strait, 76 m. S. of Tacloban. Pop., 3,982. Maasin; open to coast trade, on the extreme SW. coast, at the mouth of the river of the same name, 78 m. S. by W. of Tacloban. 1t is a hemp port, and a beautiful and well-built city. Pop., 9, 674. Mac Crohón; W. of side extreme SE. point, 18 m. S. of Tacloban. Pop., 5,780. Malibago; on the S. shore of the N. entrance to San Juanico Strait, 13 m. NNW. of Tacloban. Pop., 1,119. Malitbog; on the W. shore of Sógod Bay, 74 m. S. of Tacloban. Pop., 7,906. Maripipi; on the SE. coast of the island of that name, 58 m. NW. of Tacloban. Pop., 1,988. Matalom; on the SW. coast, 67 m. S. by W. of Tacloban. Pop., 6,146. Mérida; on the W. shore of the approach to Port Bello, 42 m. SW. of Tacloban. Pop., 1,897. Naval; on the SW. coast of Biliran, on the strait, 22 m. WNW. of Tacloban. Pop., 3,183. Ormoc; open to coast trade, on the NE. shore of the bay of Port Bello, near the delta of the Bao Riv., 36 m. SW. of Tacloban. It is also an important hemp port. Pop., 8, 107. Palo; at the mouth of a river entering on the W. shore of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 6. m. S. of Tacloban. Pop., 17,736. Palompón; open to coast trade, on the W. coast of a bay fronted by Pasologon I., 45 m. WSW. of Tacloban. Pop., 7,858. Pastrana; at the headwaters of a river entering into San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 14 m. SW. of Tacloban. Pop., 2,841. Quiot; on the SW. coast, at the mouth of a river, 45 m. SW. of Tacloban. Pop., 2,422. San Isidro del Campo; on Tabín Chico Bay, NW. coast, 45 m. W. by N. of Tacloban. Pop., 3,352. San Miguel; on the 1. bank of the Cabayugan Riv., 64 m. above its mouth and 12 m. W. by N. of Tacloban. Pop., 4,126. San Ricardo; on the extreme SW. point of Panaón I., 93 m. S. of Tacloban. It is the inost S. town of the province. Pop., Cn. 1887, 3,077. Sógod Antiguo; on the E. shore of Sógod Bay, 65 m. S. of Tacloban. Pop., 4,722. Sógod Nuevo; in the NE. angle of Sógod Bay, 60 m. S. of Tacloban. Pop., 2,840. Tabón-tabón; a small village on the l. bank of the Raquid Riv., 16 m. Š. by W. of Tacloban. Tanauan; on the W. shore of the entrance to San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 9 m. S. of Tacloban. Pop., 18,509. Tetal; at the headwaters of a river entering into Carigara Bay, 5 m. S., about 21 m. W. of Tacloban. Tolosa; on the W. shore of the entrance to San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 11 m. S. of Tacloban. Pop., 5,587. Villaba; on the W. coast 42 m. S. of Canapuy. Pop., 3,257. Villalón; in the extreme NW., on Biliran Strait, 47 m. NNW. of Tacloban, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 595 DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The coast of Leyte is generally free from islands. Those which lie off its shores are found in groups. The following is a list: sq. m. Bacol; an island formed by a channel at the N. entrance to San Juanico Strait.... Babugón, or Gumlac; off the W. coast N. of Cabga I.. Badung-Badung; in the bay of San Pedro and San Pablo......................... Biliran; 16 m. from NW. to SE., and 13 m. from E. to W. It is mountainous, quite high and has a small mountain chain which divides it longitudinally. The highest peak of this chain is in the W. part. The most important towns are Almería, Naval, and Biliran on the W. coast, and Caibirán on the E. coast; also a multitude of little villages along the shore. The island is noted for its sulphur springs in the mountains............ Buaya; 2 islands of this name, one on the N. side of the W. entrance to Janabatas channel, the other at the E. entrance to this channel to San Juanico Strait... Cabgà: close to the W. shore N. of Binagnaan..... Cabugan Chico or San Pedro; 2 m. S. of Cabugan Grande and 2 m. off the E. coast ..... Cabugan Grande or San Pedro; 2 m. off the E. coast. These islands lie in the N. part of Hinu- nangan Bay.. Calaji; in the channel between Biliran I. and the mainland of Leyte Calangaman; off the S. shore of the W. entrance to Janabatas channel, N. coast. Calumpijan; 2 m. off the W. shore of Carigara Bay, N. coast. The peak Pacduhanan overlooks it. Calutan; off Acta Pt., W. shore of Biliran I........ Canigao; 5 m. N. of Panaón Pt., 2 m. off the W. coast.. Cuatro; the only group of islands near the coast, between Ormoc and Inopacan, as follows: Apit; 4 m. off the W. shore ........... Daquio; the most N., 5 m. off the W. coast ... Himuquitan; the most S., 4. m. off the W. shore....... Mababas; the most W., 7 m. off the W. shore...... Daujan; off the W. coast, N. of Blanca Pt....... Faro; in the middle of the Janabatas channel, between Leyte and Samar Gigantangan; 14 m. from Rabin Pt., extreme NW. of Leyte. It is 2 m. long from Ginuruan; 1 m. off the N. shore of Biliran I.. Iban; in the channel of Janabatas, between Leyte and Sámar .. Jinamoc; in the NW. of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay..... Lamasaua; on the S. coast, 2 m. SE. of the S. point of Leyte, is long and narrow, 44 m, from N. to S. and 1 m, in breadth. It has 2 little towns, San Bernardo and Triana....... Mahaba; in Janabatas channel, between Leyte and Sámar........ Maripipi; 5. m. off the NW. coast of Biliran I., 4 m. N. and S., and 4 m. E. and W. It is the most N.of the dependent islands of Leyte. It has a central cone, 2,992 ft. high, covered with vegetation ........ 11 Mariquitdiquit; in the opening of the bay of San Pedro and San Pablo..... Panaôn; is separated from the SE. part of Leyte by the strait of the same name. It is moun- tainous, long and narrow, and extends over 19 m. from NW. to SE. It is 6 m. from E. to W. The E. coast has a picturesque appearance, with beautiful cascades and many little creeks. It is well populated, the principal towns being Silvan, in the N., and San Ricardo, in the S. Gold is found near Pinutan Pt....... Pasologón, or Taboc; 1 m. off the shore, S. of Canauagan.. Sambabuas; a cluster of small islands of the N. coast ..... Tagampul; 4 m. W. of N. point of Biliran I., 3 islets lie off the coas Tanubulun; in the NE. waters of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay. Tincansan; 1 m. off the extreme W. point of Biliran I.. Tolosa; 2 m. off the NW. point of Biliran I.... There are no islands of importance on the E. coast. 40 dependent islands, total area .. ..... 342 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The province of Leyte is one of the best-cultivated islands in the archipelago. Of 572,000 hectares (1 hectare=2.471 a.), 250,000 are under cultivation, the remainder being mountain or grazing land. The most important product is hemp. These plantations having been under cultivation for upward of 40 years, require but little work, the crop being permanent, abundant, and of excellent quality. The other products are sugar, valued at $50,000; rice for home consumption, chocolate, oil, coffee, cotton, corn, cattle, horses, hogs to the value of $63,000, wax, honey, bird's nests, shell, sponges, and pearls. The following are the hemp statistics of Leyte, 1850-1899, from the report of the Manila Chamber of Commerce: [Piculs.] 1850.. 15,984 1863. 86,989 | 1876. 78, 407 | 1889. 265,516 1851... .. 26, 289 1864. 71, 155 1877. 73, 014 1890. 266, 118 1852... . 37,554 1865. 60, 014 | 1878. 92, 586 1891. 288, 013 1853..... 37,361 1866. 43,781 1879.. 97,573 1892. 329, 763 1854...... 45, 353 1867.. 37,915 1880... 112, 729 1893.. 118,507 1855...... 32, 724 1868..... 63, 082 1881... 101, 383 1894.. 318, 602 55, 973 1869... 66, 111 1882. 119, 506 1895... 319,988 1857.. 60,850 1870. 94,941 1883. 252, 365 1896..... 359, 346 1858.. 63, 255 1871. 85, 2641884 137.804 316, 296 1859. 63, 063 1872. 91,532 118,777 854,947 1860. 71, 368 1873. 89, 701 150, 866 1899.. 170,219 1861. 50,579 1874.... 103, 7401887 163, 898 1862.. ... 63, 828 | 1875.. . ... 90, 660 1888. 238, 156 1856.. 1898.. 596 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The total for all the hemp districts of the archipelago, 1899, was 985,522 piculs. A picul represents 137.9 American pounds. MINERALS. In the craters of the volcanoes large quantities of sulphur and other products of volcanic action are found. The sulphur of Leyte supplied the gunpowder works at Manila under Spanish rule. Gold, iron, magnetite, lead, and silver are also found. There are indications of petroleum. FORESTS. There are large forests of wood of economic value producing pitch, honey, and sugar; also hard woods and ship timbers. The yield of dammar, the brea or pitch of the Spaniards, is the most important in the archipelago. The central mountain districts and W. coast near Albuera are said to contain the finest hard-wood forests in the archipelago. FRUITS. A large variety of bananas, mangosteens, oranges, lemons, and other fruits of the Visayan Is. thrive in Leyte. INDUSTRIES. The manufacture of fabrics of abacá and cabonegro, or black boat cables, from the hemp, and the extracting of cocoanut oil are the leading industries. In the towns on the E. coast the women are skillful in the manufacture of delicate fabrics and in embroidering. There are large shipyards at Tacloban, where several hundreds are constantly employed, and many good-sized schooners are constantly built. obayards at Taclobacture of delicate fIn the t UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The occupation of Leyte by the troops of the United States was part of the military opérations of the spring and summer of 1899. On February 15, 1902, the following were the military stations in Leyte: Alang-Alang, Bay bay, a Jaro, a Ormoc, Tanauan, a Dúlag, Maasin, Tacloban. $a CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Leyte was created under the provisional government act of Feb- ruary 6, 1901, by enactment of the Philippine Commission April 22, 1901, embracing “that territory in the island of Leyte and adjoining islands known as the province of Leyte' under Spanish sovereignty." PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States currency.] Governor $2,000 Secretary 1,500 Treasurer.. 2. 500 Supervisor. 2,000 Fiscal ..... 1, 600 Allowance for necessary and actual expenses, not exceeding $2.50 per day, as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the munisipalities of the province to meet and organize on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October to consider improve- ments needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. CONDITIONS, DECEMBER, 1901. “Prior to the first of this month there were 20 towns in this province garrisoned . by American troops, but within the past 2 weeks 9 of these towns have been a Telegraph. $ Post and money-order office. edio and P600 ro 10 Hognen ANN Padana VARIATION NEARLY STATIONARY SA MAR 1 EAST COAST PORT LIBAS Om Spot La P as N Lng 125 25:34 W e , y 10 Mil 316 THE SORRIS PETER HOTOL W ASINGTON S Doc a 80 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 597 evacuated, withdrawing 310 men. These towns are now protected by the constabu- lary and the municipal police. * * * "The people generally are anxious for civil government, and the officials elected in the various towns are developing, as a general rule, a very high degree of intelli- gence in the performance of their respective duties. * * * “That the great majority of the people are happy and contented with their present • condition is evidenced by the renewed activity displayed in all branches of industry. Agricultural, commercial, and manufacturing industries are taking on new life throughout the province, while the people are rebuilding their towns and homes, and are erecting, in many instances, substantial and comfortable buildings, instead of nipa shacks. * * * One of the most gratifying and, to my mind, one of the most encouraging indi- cations as demonstrating their appreciation of our institutions, as well as the popu- larity of the same, is the intense interest manifested among the masses to acquire a knowledge of the English language." * * * (Report of provincial governor.) LEYTE (lay'-tay), ver.; pueblo at head of deep LIBAGAN (lee-bah'-gahn), ver., hamlet on E. bay setting in from Biliran Strait, S., NW. shore of Sógod Bay, on s. coast of Leyte, 11 m. coast of Leyte, 34 m. NW. of Tacloban. Pop., S. of Sógod Antiguo. 6,719. LIBAGANON (lee bah-gah'-nohn), ver.; river ris. - river in Leyte, rising in lake W. of Jaro, ing across boundary of Davao with Misamis, and empties near city of same name. Mindanao. Forms W. branch of Tagum Riv., - hamlet in pueblo of Carigara, on N. coast entering Davao Bay on its NW. shore, in of Leyte. Dávao, Mindanao. Fountain sources of this branch are but 3 m. over summit, on W. slope LEZO (lay'-thoh), Sp.; pueblo of N. Cápiz, Panay, of which one of principal tributaries of Pu- 26) m. w. of Cápiz. Pop., 5,500. langui or Grande Riv. of Mindanao finds its LIAN (lee-ahn'), Tag.; point on W. shore of Ragay source, and entering that river empties into Gulf, Tayabas, Luzon, N. point of Piris Bay. Illana Bay, capital of Cotabato on W. - bay on W. coast of Batangas, Luzón. Port LIBAGAO (lee-bah-gah'-00), ver.: island 2 m. N. San Diego is its headland on S.; Lian Riv. and S. in Sulu Sea, 6 m. SE. by S. of Pandan enters bay on SE., town standing about 5 m. Pt., Mindoro; 410 ft. high at its N. part, S. above its mouth. low and sandy, terminating in reef more than - river discharging into Nasugbú Bay, Ba- 1 m. seaward. tangas, Luzón. Town of same name inland LIBANAN (lee-bah'-nahn), nat.; pueblo in Ambos near river. Camarines. (See Libmanan.) - pueblo of Batangas, Luzon, 36 m. from LIBANCABANAN (lee-bahn-cah-bah'-nahn), nat.; provincial capital, connected by high roads island off coast of Masbate. with Tuy and Nasugbú. Pop., 5,889. (Also LIBANG (lee-bang'), ver.; hamlet of Cápiz, Panay, Liang.) 2 m. šW. of Macató. LIANGÁ, or LIANGAN (leeahng-ah', leeahng'- LIBÁS (lee-bahs'); hamlet on SW. shore of Libás ahn), nat.; bay opening to E. on E. coast of port, on E. coast of Samar, 1 m. E. of San Surigao, Mindanao, on bay of same name, Julián. between Umanum (Umainan) and Baculin islet 2 m. NE. of Pambujan, N. coast of Pts. Coast is extremely rocky and landing difficult. Town of same name lies on SW. Såmar. (Also Livás.) and Otieza on NW. shore. Small river enters - point and hamlet on E. coast of Bohol, head of bay. Rice is extensively grown in hamlet 4 m. ENE. of Candijay.de vicinity, and buffalo are also raised in large hamlet on E. coast of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, numbers. Panay, 9 m. SE. of Nagaba. - pueblo on Sw. shore of bay of that name - hamlet of Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. SW. of on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 103 m. SE. Madalag: by S. of Surigao. Rice and buffaloes are ex- tensively raised. Pop., 6,340. -point s. of Talisay Pt. and Bay, at S. entrance to Loog Bay, W. coast of Masbate, LIANGAN (leeahng'-ahn), nat.; point on NE. Visayas. shore and near E. head of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. River of same name, - largest of cluster of 15 islets off point of with ruins of former Spanish fort at its same name at W. entrance to Laguán Bay, N. coast of Sámar. mouth, empties 2 m. E. by N. of point. hamlet in Misamis, Mindanao. - town and river to N. on SW. shore of port Libás, about center of E. coast of Sámar, lat. hamlet on SE, shore of Panguil Bay, 61 m. 11° 46' 25'' N., lon, 125° 25' 34" E. Port opens SW. of Cagayán, Misamis, Mindanao. from Pacific ocean between Cannomanda and point on E. side of entrance to Panguil Najibel Pts. Bay in SW. angle of Iligan Bay, N. coast of -- point at W. head to Laguán Bay, NE. coast Misa mis, Mindanao. From Binuri Pt. shore of Samar. trends WSW. 41 m., low and covered with LIBAY, or LIBAI (lee-by'), ver., town on W. shore mangroves. Village on shore. of Murciélagos Bay. NE, coast of Dapitan, - hamlet on SE. shore near entrance of Mindanao, 3 m. NE. of Dapitan. Panguil Bay, SE, arm of Iligan Bay, N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. LIBERANAN (lee-bay-rah'-nahn), ver.: point on E. coast of Leyte, 2 m. N. of Dutang, on W. LIÁS (lee-ass'), ver.; hamlet in NE. Bontoc, entrance to San Pedro and Sanablo Bay. Luzon, at headwaters of Sibug tributary of Grande de Cagayán Riv., boundary of Isabela. LIBJÓ (lib-haw'). ver.; town on SE. shore of bay opening on Surigao Strait from Dinagat I., LIBACAO (lee-bah-cow'), ver.; hamlet in NE. of off NE. coast Surigao, Mindanao. Cápiz, Panay, 2, m. SW. of Pilar. LIBLID (lib-leed'), ver.; mountain in E. part of - pueblo in W. central Cápiz, Panay, near Ambos Camarines, Luzón, headwaters of Akdán Riv., which flows N. through populous valley, with 4 large towns, LIBMANAN, or LIBANAN (lib-mah'-nahn, lee- Madalag, Malinad, Numancia, and Calivo. bah'-nahn). ver.; pueblo on main road on l. and many hamlets, on its bank, falling into bank of Polanluna Riv. near its confluence sea at Akdán Pt., 3 m. S. of latter town, 28 with Naga, in Ambos Camarines, Luzón, 10 m. m. W. by S. of Cápiz. Pop., 3,914. NW. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 14,512. 598 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LIBMANAN, or LIBANAN; town in Sámar. - near mountain of Yamlik (Amtic Hantu). taking its name from a black ant about size of wasp. Contains many caverns with beau- tiful stalactites. LIBOG (lee'-bog), nat.; pueblo on N. shore of Albay Bay, E. coast of Albay, Luzón, 74 m. N. by E. of Albay, and immediately S. of Sulu port, and well protected. One of coast- wise native hemp ports. Pop., 6,569. LIBOHÔ, or LIBJÓ (lee-boh-hoh', leeb-hoh'), ver.; town on W. shore of Dinagat I., off NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, about halfway between Cubcub islet on S. and Esconchada Pt. on N.; port opening on Surigao Strait. Palotes rock, from S. point halfway across entrance is steep to, steep islet lies 1 m. SW. of S. point. - hamlet on r. bank of the Jalaur Riv., E. Iloilo, Panay, 1 m. NW. of Dingle. LIBÓN (lee-bohn'), ver.; hamlet in NE. Cápiz, Panay, 4. m. NW. of Pontevedra. LIBONG (lee-bong'), ver.; pueblo in Albay, Lu- zón, on l. bank of Inaya Riv., 31 m. ESE. of its outlet into Bato Lake, on boundary toward Ambos Camarines (Sur), 22 m. NW. of Albay. Pop., 5,449. LIBRO (leel-broh). (means book), Sp.; hamlet 4 m. SW. of Catarman, Sámar. LIBUCAN (lee-boo'-cahn), ver.; group of 6 islands, Libucan, Baco, Tangao, Curô, Cacauan, Tag- daranan and several islets 6 m. W. of Taran- guan and same distance SW. of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., off W. coast of Sámar. LIBUCAN DACỘ (lee-boo'-cahn dah-coh'), ver.: largest, 3 by 2 m., of Libucan grp., 5 islands off mouth of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., W. coast of Sámar. LIBUCAN QUTIAY (lee-boo'-cahn goo-tee-i'), ver. islet in Libucan grp., off W. coast of Sámar, opposite Taranguan. LIBÚNAO (lee-boo'-now), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Pinabagdao, Sámar. LIBUNGAN (lee-boong'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on r. bank of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, 8 m. above Cotabato, Cotabato, Mindanao. - town on r. bank of N. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao, at conflu- ence of river of same name, 7 m. above Cota- bato. LIBUNGAN, or KAIMANES (lee-boong'-ahn, ky- mah'-nays); river emptying on the r. bank of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, at town of same name. LIBÚTAB (lee-boo'-tahb), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Arayat, Pampanga, Luzón. LIBUTU (lee-boo'-too), nat.; creek entering on 1. bank of Talayan, tributary of S. branch of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- d.11..10. LICAB (lee-cab), Tag.; pueblo on l. bank of Chico de la Pampanga Riv., in Nueva Ecija, Luzon, on line of boundary with Tárlac; also junction of 2 roads, 178 m. NW. of San Isidro. LICE (lee'-thay), ver.; mountain in Ilocos Norte, Luzón, in which is one of finest grottos in world, having area of 39 a. traversed by sparkling mountain cascades and grown with many varieties of coniferous and deciduous plants of island. LICIAO (lee-thee-ow'), ver.; point on N. coast of Sámar. LICO (lee-coh'), nat.: hamlet on E. coast of Negros Oriental, 4. m. N. of Guijulugan. village in Tondo suburb, 3 m. N. of city of Manila, Luzón. - hamlet near r. bank of Buqui Riv., in Sw. Sámar, 9 m. NE. of Basey. LICOC (lee-cohk'). ver.; point on NE. shore of Pujada Bay, SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, and S. head to estuary and river entering bay at this point. LICOHÁN (lee-coh-hahn'), nat., village W. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao,5 m. SW. of Misamis. LICO-LICO (lee-coh'-lee-coh'), ver.; stream emptying into sea on S. coast of Negros Orien- tal, 114 m. NW. of Siatón Pt. LICUSON (lee-coo'-sohn), ver.; point on NE. coast of Masbate I., Visayas, N. of port of Tangay and E. of pueblo of Mobo. LIDLIDA (leed-lee'-dah), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of Candón, Ilocos Sur. LIDOM (lee-dom'), ver.; hamlet in E. central Cápiz, Panay, 5 m. S. of Dumar. LIDTIDDA (lead-teed-'dah), ver.; hamlet in in- terior of Ilocos Sur, N. Luzon, near bound- ary with Abra, and on road into Lepanto. LIGÁN (lee-gahn'), ver.; river in Tayabas, Luzón, rising in N. peak of Banajao receives many tributaries and empties into bay of Lamón. LIGAO (lee-gah-oh), nat.; pueblo on main road in Albay, Luzon, near bank of Inaya Riv., 22 m. NW. by W. of Albay, in one of finest hemp- growing district in islands. Pop., 17,900. LIGAO OÁS (lee-gah'-oh oh-ass'); town of 10,000 inhabitants, on Quinali Riv., in Ambos Cama- rines, Luzón. LIGAS (lee-gass'). Tag.; hamlet in Cavite, Luzón, 8 m. SE. of Cavite. LIGLIO (lig-lee'-ho), ver.; point at end of narrow tongue of land separating Tabango and Cam- popo Bays, on W. coast of Leyte. LIGPO (lig-paw'), Tag.; point in Batangas, Luzon. LIGUÁN (lee-goo-ahn'), nat.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, on head waters of Matara Riv., 16 m. E. of Bangued. LIGUASAN (lee-gwah'-sahn), nat., lagoon and lake 9, m. N. and's., 13 m. E. and W., in SE. Cotabato, Mindanao. On S. it receives over- flow of Bulúan Lake 12 m. S.; on N. waters of Maridago Riv. through 2 mouths tortuous stream rising in heart of Mindanao NE. of Cilabedan Mt. On its NW. shores is drained through 2 affluents which form main stream of Palangui or Grande Riv. of Mindanao. Tongue of land projecting from N. shore di- vides lake into 2 parts, from which 5 islets continue to mouth of inflow from Bulúan Lake; depth ranges 15 to 27 ft. LIGUIÁN (lee-gee-ahn'). ver.; E. coast hamlet of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, at head of inlet on W. shore of Sibuguey Bay, 498 m. NE. by N. of Zamboanga. LIJÁN (lee-hahn'). ver.; point on SE. coast of Cebú, 1; m. N. of Boljo-on. LIJAT-LIJAT (lee-haht'-lee-haht'), ver.; number of rocks off NW. extreme of Tabúan I., Ta- búan cluster, Cinapusan grp., Sulu A. LIJAT-LIJAT, or CAMBA-CAMBA (lee-haht-lee'- haht, cahm-bah-cahm'-bah), nat.; channel E. of Tandubás I., off NE. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. LILA (lee'-lah), Sp.; pueblo on S. coast of Bohol, 17 m. E. of Tagbilaran. Pop., 4,470. - point in Sámar. LILAO (lee-lah-ow), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Butúan, Surigao, Mindanao. LILIBUTAN (lee-lee-boo'-tahn), nat.; point on E. coast of Sámar, in lat. 11° 32' 30" N. LILIO (lee'-lee-oh), ver.; river in Laguna, rising in mountain of Majayjay, flows across pueblo of that name, and empties into river of Santa Cruz. - pueblo in central Laguna, Luzón, 10 m. S. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 5,000. LILOAN (lee-loh'-ahn), nat.; hamlet of Cápiz, Panay, on 1. bank of river passing Malinao, 1 m. below, and 71 m. from coast. - point on extreme SW. coast of Cebú, at S. entrance to strait of Tañón. Tagbâ Pt., W. head to strait opposite on coast of Negros is GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 599 I LOAN-Continued. LIMBUAG (lim-bwag'), ver.; town on river enter- but 3 m. distant. On Liloan Pt., 2 m. S. of ing Macajalar Bay at Opol, on SW, shore of Colasi Pt., is stone fort and signal station Misamis, Mindanao. which communicates with Colasi. Vessels LIMINABUAIA (lee- mee-nah- bwah'- yah), nat.; can anchor near point in 7 to 14 fms. point on SW. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur). - pueblo and river on E. coast of Cebú, 11 m. Luzón. NE. of Cebú. Town is situated on 1. bank of LIMINGAO (lee-ming-ah'-aw), ver.; island in Vi- river of same name, and with Dapdap near llarreal Gulf, off w. coast of Sámar, 12 m. S. of by has population of 8,380. River can be Catbalogan. entered by launches at high water. LIMPÁ (lim-pah'), ver.; hamlet near W. boundary - low, sandy point covered with cocoanut in Lepanto, Luzón. palm on NW. shore of Panaón I., off SE. coast of Leyte. LIMUAY (lee-mwi'), nat.; mountain in Ilocos Norte, Luzón, spur of Caraballos Norte: inhab- - port with 2 entrances leading out of Panaón ited by Apayaos. Strait on extreme NW. coast of Panaón I. Water is extremely clear, bottom being visi- LIMULAN (lee-moo'-lahn), Tag.; mountain in E. ble to depth of from 12 to 30 ft. Shores are Rizal, Luzón. covered with beautiful groves of cocoanut LIMUTÉN (lee-moo-ten'), Tag.; peak in Caraba- palm. Verdured mountains of Leyte may be llos Sur, Rizal, Luzón. seen rising to NW. across intervening waters. LINABO (lee-nah-boh), nat.; town in W. Misamis, - pueblo on plain on shore of port of that Mindanao, 5. m. E. of l. bank of Pulangui Riv., name, at extreme NW. point of Panaón I., 31 m. S. by E. of Cagayan de Misamis. SE. of Leyte, and at W. entrance to Panaón LINABU (lee-nah'-boo), nat.; river of Mindoro, Strait, 75 m. S. of Tacloban. l'op., 3,982. rising in mountains of interior, flows across LIMABÚAN (lee-mah-boot-ahn), ver.; inland pueblo of Calapán, and empties into sea on hamlet, Cápiz, Panay, 1 m. NE. of Malinao. NE. coast. LIMANA (lee-mah'-nah),ver.; hamlet on entrance LINACAPAN (lee-nah-cah'-pahn), nat.: largest to E. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A., 28 m. ESE. of island of group between NE. coast of Paragua, Sulu. Palawan, and Calamián I., 12 m. from latter; LIMANSI (lee-mahn-see'), nat., point at E. head 10 m. from N. to S.; N. coast forms 2 deep bays; to Balangunan Cove, S. coast of Davao, Min on E. side are seen various bold conical-formed danao. points; in angle to SW. is little town of San LAMAPÁTAG, or RANGUNDUNGAN (lee-mah-pah'- Nicolás. tahg, rahn-goon-doon'-gahn), nat., creek on - hamlet in pueblo of Culión, Calamián I., delta emptying on r. bank of S. arm of Paragua, Palawan, Grande Riv. of Mindanao, near its mouth, LINADASAN (lee-nah-dah'-sahn), ver.; hamlet on Cotabato, Mindanao. E. coast of S. peninsula of Mindanao, 66, m. LIMAPATIN (lee-mah-pah'-tin), nat.; creek enters S. of Davao. on 1. bank of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Minda- nao, Cotabato, Mindanao. LINAO (lee-now'), nat.; town in Surigao, Min- LIMARAGÁS (lee-mah-rah-gass'), ver.; river emp- danao, at junction of tributary of main stream tying into San Miguel Bay, E. side, in Ambos of Agusan, 4 m. from its entrance into Sadocun Camarines (Sur), Luzón. Lake, 51 m. S. of Butuan. LIMASAUA (lee-mah-sah'-wah), ver.; island 6 m. - most S. of chain of inland waters in central by 17 m. in area, extending SE. ff Taanean Surigao, Mindanao, 4 m. SE. of Sadocun Lake, or Ninipo, extreme SE. point of Leyte, from with which it is connected by several chari- which it is separated by sea channel 2 m.wide. nels leaving it on NW. shore; towns of Bu- S. point is W. headland of approach to Surigao manan, Trento Viruela, and Linao lie on its Strait. From this island Magellan, the dis- shore. coverer of Philippines, sailed for bay and - hamlet on W. shore of Grande de Cagayan town of Butúan, 21 m. inland, on N. coast, Riv., at mouth of river of same name, and where he celebrated first mass in Philip- point at head of wide bay on W. shore of pine Is. Sámal I., nearly opposite Dávao, Mindanao. YASUN (lee-mah'-soon), ver.; hamlet on SW. - central of 3 islets, 7 m. off E. coast of Sámar, coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. opposite mouth of Ulut Riv. (See Bauján and IMAY (lee-my'). Tag.: hamlet and river on W. Fulin.) shore of Manila Bay, in Bataan, Luzón. - river in N. Cagayán, emptying into Grande - point on W. shore of Manila Bay, Bataan, de Cagayan Riv. on W. side, near its mouth Luzón. - point in E. Bataan, Luzon. LIMBANCAUAYAN (lim-ban-cah-wah'-yahn),nat.; island 31 m. N. and S. and 4 m. E. and W., in LINAO, or LENO (lee-nah'-oh, lay'-noh); small sea channel between Sámar and Masbate, 14 bay (17 m. wide) on W. coast of Cotabato, m. SW. of Calbayog, on SW. coast of Sámar. Mindanao, 94 m. SE. of Quidapil, well shel. tered from all winds but SW. LIMBONES (lim-boh-nays), Hisp.; island and point, latter S. point of entrance to Patungan. LINAON (lee-nah-ohn'), ver.; bay and hamlet Bay, Batangas, Luzon, W. of boundary be 1 m. S. on W. coast of Negros Occidental, 7 m. tween Cavite and Batangas. N. of Inayauan, LINAPACAN (GROUP), PARAGUA, PALAWAN. (Lee-nah-pah'-cahn, nat.; pah-rah'-gwah, Sp.; pah-lah'-wahn, nat.) Chief town: Linapacan, NW. shore of the island of that name. Area: 48 sq. m. Population: 300, estimated. Race: Calamiano. Language: Calamiano. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay. A chain of islands, lat. 11° 20° to 11° 37'' N., and lon. 119° 38' to 119° 55 E., consisting of 12 large and small islands off the NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. 600 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The following constitute the group: Islands. Square miles. Chief town. Alerta ... Alijara......... Balungungan.. Binalaba.. Calibangbagan. Dicapulun ...... Dimancal.. Dimanglet .. Linapacan... Malubutglubut, 758 ft. high Nauga .... Patoyac.... Vanguardia. 40 Linapacan. These islands are situated between the Calamianes grp. on the N. and the extreme N. point of Palawan on the SW., in the channel 34 miles, connecting the China and Mindoro seas. The Cabulaun grp. lie to the E. 17 m. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in hunting edible birds' nests, fishing for and curing trepang and gathering turtle shells. There is a little agriculture on the largest island. LINAPACAN (lee-nah-pah'-cahn), ver.; large bay LINGAYÉN-Continued. on N. shore of that island. Chief town, of is level and less elevated, but rises again to same name, is on SE. shore. S. into mountains. W. coast is fringed by - island of Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, islands, low and wooded and navigable be- Palawan. tween them by native coasters. Typhoons prevail in September and October. -island 9m. N. and S., and 8 m. E. and W., 138 m. E. by N. off extreme N. point of Pala- LINGE (lean'-hay), ver.; mountain in SE. Zam- wan, and largest of extensive chain-like group bales, Luzón. from which name is taken. It lies about cen LINGIG, or LINGUI (lean-hig', lean'-gee), nat.; ter of chain, 13 m. SW. of Calamián, of Cala- hamlet in pueblo of Bislig, Surigao, Minda- mianes grp., and about same distance NE. of nao. N. extreme of Palawan. On N. side are 2 deep LINGIÓN (ling-ee-ohn'), ver.; hamlet 1. m. E. of bays, E. characterized by 2 large heads, and Cagayản Riv., 15 m. S. of Cagayan de Misa- on its SE. shore is chief town, Linapacan or mis, Misamis, Mindanao. San Nicolás, comprising stockade and few houses. On S. coast is fine bay of Balolo. To LINGISAN (ling-ee'-sahn), nat.; islet off SE. coast NNE, of island stretches continuous chain of of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. islands and islets to Calamián, SW. of 2 larger LINGÓ (lean-goh'), nat.; peak (5,530 ft.) in Ca- islands of Calamianes grp. busilan range, Luzón, chief town of chain of islands of that name LINGUIG (lean-geeg'), ver.; pueblo on E. coast of on SE, shore of E. bay, on NW. coast of island Mindanao, Surigao, 12 m. S. of Sancop Pt. of that name. It is also known as San Nico and 137 m. SSE. of Surigao, Pop., 6,340. lás and has stockade and few houses. LINGUÍN (leen-geen'), nat.; summit on S. bank LINDERO (lin-day'-roh), Sp.; inland hamlet in of Yaua Riv., 555 ft. high, about 1 m. NW. of extreme N. of Antique, Panay, 16 m. WNW. Legaspi, Albay, Luzon. of Pandán. - isolated hill in Albay, Luzón, sheltering LINDOM (lin-dom'), ver.; stream falling into sea, Albay, provincial capital from volcano of S. of Cervantes hamlet, on NE. coast of Negros that name, which destroyed old city during Occidental. eruption of 1814. LINDUG (lin-doog'), ver.; river in NE. Leyte. LININBỘ (lee-nin-beau'), ver.; crater in E. cen- LINEK (lee-neck'), nat.; ranch village on W. tral Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. E. of Tapos. shore of Cotabato, Mindanao, S. of S. mouth LINITAN (lee-nee'-tahn), nat.; island off S. coast to Grande Riv. of Mindanao. of Mindanao. - hamlet on W. coast of Cotabato, Minda- | LINLANGA (lin-lahng-'ah), ver.; island off W. nao, 9 m. SE. of Cotabato. coast of Sámar, 2 by 2 m. its greatest measure- LINGÁTING (lean-gah'-ting), nat.; hamlet in ment, in SW. channel to Villareal Gulf, 11 Misamis, Mindanao. m. S. of Catbalogan. LINGAUAY (lin-gah-wy'), ver.; point in W. Leyte. LINLUKAN (leen-loo'-cahn), nat.; unites with Damabalasan tributary of Bacat Riv. of Cota- LINGAYÁN (lin-gah-yahn'), ver.; hamlet in E. bato, Mindanao. central Leyte at headwaters of Malo. LINO (lee'-noh), Sp.; hamlet in Bulacan, Luzón, LINGAYÉN (lin-gah-yayn'); p. o. pueblo, and m. 10 m. NW. of Bulacán. 0., capital of Pangasinan, Luzon, on delta of - hamlet in SW. Sámar, on E. shore of San Agno Riv., between one of its outlets and gulf Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 10 m. SE. of Basey. of Lingayen, 8 m. W. of Dagupan and station LINOA (lee-noh'-ah), ver.; island off SE. coast of on Manila and Dagupan Railroad; has fine Sámar, in opening of deep bay of which Pt. parish church and main avenue along which are 3,500 houses, some of stone; city of impor- Matarínao is E. head. tant coast and land trade, at converging point | LINOK (lee-nock'), ver.; hamlet short distance of several important highways. Pop., 18,886. S. of mouth of river entering Lake Lanao on its E. shore, Misamis, Mindanao. -gulf on W. coast of Luzon, N. of Manila Bay, 20 m. across entrance, from San Fernando Pt. LINOSAHAN (lee-noh-sah'-hahn), ver.; hamlet to Santiago I., 30 ft. deep, with provinces of in N. Sámar, on river, 9 m. S. of Laguán. Union on E., Pangasinan on S., and Zambales LINOSUDAN (lee-noh-s00'-dahn). ver.; point on on W. On E. coast are mountain elevations N. entrance to Batoan Bay, E. coast of Ticao, of Ilocos; St. Thomas, 7,418 ft. high. W. coast ! Visayas. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 601 nel. LINTANCAN (lin-tahn'-cahn), ver.; island near | LIPAJAN-Continued. Buad I., W. coast of Sámar. of latter stream it closely follows boundary be- LINTANGAN (leen-tahng'-ahn), ver.; hamlet at tween Tayabas and Batangas, Luzon. mouth of small river in Zamboanga, Min LIPATA (lee-pah'-tah), nat.; point extreme S. of danao, 164 m. NNW. of Zamboanga. Sicogon I., off NE. coast of noilo, Panay. LINTÍAN (leen-tee'-ahn), nat.; point on NW. - point on coast of Cebu at S. entrance to port coast of Romblon I., Visayas, and E. head to Cebú, Cebú I. N. entrance of channel to port Romblon, be- - point S. extreme of Pagbilao, Chico I., form- tween Romblon and Alad Is. ing W. head of Laguimanoc port and E. head - island 9 m.in area and 1,161 ft. high, separ of Capulúan Bay, S. coast of Tayabas, Luzon. ated from SE. shore of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., - bank upon which is located light to on W. side of S. entrance to Gallo Malo chan- entrance to Cebu, Cebú I. nel. - hamlet on w. shore of extreme NW. pro- - NE. point of Romblon I., Visayas. jection of Sámar I., 66 m. NW. of Catbalogan. LINTOGÁ (lin-toh-gah'), ver.; hamlet on r. bank - hamlet on 1. bank of Sabangan Riv., ex- of river entering on extreme SW. shore of treme NW. Sámar I. Panguil Bay, on N. coast of Misamis, Minda- - bank and point 3 m. off Cáuit Pt., E. coast nao. Cebú, in middle of SW. entrance to Cebu LINTOGO (leen-toh'-goh), nat.; river entering channel. On point formerly stood stone fort. extreme SW. shore of Panguil Bay, Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. - point covered with mangroves on SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. LINTOGOD (leen-toh-gaud'), ver.; port on N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. - point at extremity of neck of land project- ing 2 m. into sea on W. coast of Antique, LINTOGUT (lin-toh-goot'), river, village, and Panay, 3 m. NW. of Colasi. ranch on extreme sw. shore of Panguil Bay, SW. end of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao; - point on W. coast of Samar, 3) m. N. of 16 m. SW. of Misamis. Barobodiangan Pt., high and rocky. LINUAG (leen-wag'), ver.; mountain in Ilocos - mountain in Sámar. Norte, Luzón. LIPATA, or BARUGA (lee-pah-tah, bah-roof-gah); LINUGUS (lee-noo'-goos), yer.: town of Misamis, point at S. side of entrance to Butay Bay, on 3 m. s. of Diuata Pt., 52 m. NE. by N. of Ca- Sw.coast of Sorsogon, Luzon. gayan de Misamis. LIPDANG-BUT (lip-dang-boot'), ver.; crater in S. LIÓGLIOG (lee-oh'-glee-ohg), ver.; point on Lin- central range of Panay, 9 m. WSW. of San tancan I., W. coast of Sámar, in Buad chan- Joaquín, extreme SW. Iloilo. LIPUTÉN (lee-poo-ten'), ver.; peak in Caraballos LIOKO (lee-oh'-coh), ver.; islet off SW. coast of Occidentales, in Abra, Luzón. Dinagat I., off N. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. | LIROAN (lee-roh'-ahn), yer.; hamlet 1 m. S. of LION (lee-ohn'), ver.; inlet on W. coast of Sógod Gándara, W. Sámar. Bay, S. Leyte, on N. shore of which is sit LIRÚAN (lee-roof-ahn), ver.; hamlet in sw. Sa- uated important town of Sógod Nuevo. mar, 5 m. NE. of Basey. - one of chain of high-wooded islands lying LISUB (lee-soob'), ver.; hamlet in extreme SW. across entrance to Taytay Bay, E. coast of Antique, Panay, on r. bank of Sinarugan Riv., Paragua, Palawan, between which and May 6 m. ENE. of Anini-y. tiaguid I. steam vessel can pass. LITABANGAN (lee-tah-bang'-ahn), ver.; point in LIONG (lee-ong'), nat.; former Spanish fort on 1. W. Mindanao. bank of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, LITA-LITÂ (lee-tah'-lee-tah'), ver.; bushy islet Mindanao, 7 m. above Zumbao. 4 m. off N. point of Marasi Bay, SW. coast of - hamlet on W. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, Palawan. From this islet NE. 13) m, to Pam- 23 m. sw. by S. of Cotabato. pangduyang Pt. coast is low, with rivulets LIPA (lee-pah'), nat.; mountain near Paracale, of fresh water. Ambos Camarines Norte), Lucón, in which LITAPAN (lee-tah'-pahn), nat.; creek entering on valuable deposits of gold are found. W. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao, - bay on E. shore of Taal Bay, Batangas, SW. of Tabid Pt. Luzon. LITNÉ (lit-nay'), Tag.; hamlet in Nueva Ecija, -- river in Batangas, Luzón, crossing pueblo Luzón, 28 m. N. of San Isidro. of Lipa and empties into Taal Lake. LIVÁN (lee-vahn'), ver.; hamlet in SW. Sámar, on river of Cavite, tributary to Macavayan Riv. N. shore of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 1 m. W. of Basey. point on E. shore of Taal Bay, Batangas, Luzón. LIZA (lee'-thah), Sp.; point in Negros I. - town on N. shore of mouth of Palúan, oppo- LLAMAS (lyah'-mass), Sp.; hamlet in S. hills of site town of Palúan, E. side of bay of same Tetas de Santa, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. name, NW. coast of Mindoro. Numerous rice - hamlet in pueblo of Narvacán, Ilocos Sur, fields inland. Luzón. pueblo SW. of Lake Taal, SE. Batangas, Lu LLANO DE BINALBANG (lyah-noh day bee-nahl- zón, 18 m. N. of Batangas city, junction of 3 bahng'), Hisp,, plane at foot of Palali Mt., E. highways. Pop., 40,733. part of Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón, on which rises LIPADO (lee-pah'-doh), ver., point on W. shore Gandón or Gaddano, one of W. tributaries of of Dávao Gulf on channel of approach to Dá- Grande de Cagayán Riv. vao, Dávao Mindanao. LLANA-HERMOSA (lyah'-nah-ayr-moh'-sah), Sp.; LIPAGO (lee-pah'-goh), ver.; small stream empty. pueblo on Sacay branch of Orani Riv. in Ba- ing into sea on extreme SE. coast of Negros toán, Luzon, 11 m, N.of Balanga, Pop.,2,019. Oriental, 1 m. N. of Dauin. LLANURA BAJA (Iyah-noo'-rah bah'-hah), Sp.; low flat island on N. of Malanut Bay, inlet of LIPAJAN(lee-pah'-hahn), Tag.: river with its head Tagbayug, W. coast of Palawan. stream, Malaunac, about 40 m. in length W. branch of latter rising in Maycap Lake and E. LLANURA DE CABADIANGAN (Iyah-noof-rah day of San Pablo, in slopes of San Cristóbal Mt., cah-bah-dee-ang'-ahn), tableland in central Laguna, Luzón. Stream becomes quite a vol- 8. Negros. (See Llanura de Tablas.) ume after receiving tributary from S., whence, LLANURA DE CABAMBANÁN (lyah-noo'-rah day under name Lipadan about 12 m. from its cah-bam-bah-nahn'), Hisp.; tableland in s mouth, it enters Ragay Gulf. From junction part of Negros. (See Llanura de Tablas.) 602 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LLANURA DE ÍMUC (lyah-noo-rah day ee'-mook), | LOGHI (log-hee'), ver.; mountain in SW. Sámar, Hisp.; valley of Dolente on road between 15 m. E. of Villarreal. Calauang and San Pablo. Fine coffee was LOGSOON (log-soh-ohn'), nat.; W. head to Balan- formerly cultivated here. Vegetation is very giga anchorage, S. coast of Samar, Visayas. dense, soil volcanic and marshy. Near San (See Lucson.) Pablo lies Tiqui-Mere, covered with rapelli, - point on S. coast of Sámar, 11 m. SW. of or pulverized dross and ashes of volcanoes. Balangiga. LLANURA DE TABLAS (lyah-noo-rah day tah'. blass), Hisp.; central of elevated tablelandsin LOISA (loy'-sah), Sp.; town on E. arm of channels S. central Negros, Llanura de Cabadiangan of Pampanga delta, in Bulacan, Luzón, 7 m. crossing it from NW. to SE., Llanura de SE. of Bulacán. Cabambanán and Sierra Canito lying on N., LOLOMBOY (loh-lom-boy'), Tag.; hamlet at head and Puente de Patioito on SE. Also apex of of Pampanga delta, in Bulacan, Luzón, 4 m. drainage system of entire S. end of Negros I. E. of Bulacán. LLAVAC (lyah-vahc'), ver.; former military co- LOMÁTOD (loh-mah'-tod), ver.; hill near E. coast mandancia was located in Isabela with of Sámar, 3 m. NE. of Túbig. object of restraining inroads of Igorrotes and LOMBAY (lom-by'). ver.; interior hamlet of NE. other pagans. Now in province of Bontoc, Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. E. of Panay. Luzon. LOMBOY (lohm-boy'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of LLORENTE (lvoh-rayn'-tay), Sp.; mountain in W. Santo Tomás, Unión, Luzón. range of Panay in line of boundary between LOMOCLOC (loh-mohc-lohc'), nat.; island off Antique and Iloilo, 9 m. SE. of Valderrama. SW. coast of Sámar. LOAY (loh-i”) ver.; pueblo on S. coast of Bohol, Visayas, 114 m. ESE. of Tagbilaran. Pop., LONG, for.; point ending in hill 2,015 ft. high, 7,169. abreast Bay I., Jibboom Bay, W. coast of - river of Tayabas, Luzón, emptying into Paragua, Palawan. sea on SW. coast. - point on N. shore of Puerto Princesa Har- bor (Port Royalist), E. coast of Palawan. - point on S. coast of Bohol, Visayas, and LONG, for., or LARGA (lahr'-gah), Sp.; point headland of approach to town of same name. bearing 5. m. NE. of Moorsom Head, W. - river in Bohol, Visayas. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Within point LOBAS (loh -bass), Sp.; fountain tributary of In are 2 peaks N. of Anipahan. To N., over- dang Riv. in Ambos Camarines Norte), looking deep valley, summit 3,636 ft. high, Luzón. begins another range extending to Ulugan LOBI (loh-bee'), ver.; mountain in Leyte. Bay. Surrounding region is high, with sev- eral interesting peaks. Stovely, 3,930 ft. LOBO (loh-boh), Sp.; hamlet 1 m. S. of Remigio, high, rises like needle from center of table on NW. coast of Cebú. top. Farther N. Thumb Peak, 4,260 ft., south- - hamlet in Misamis, Mindanao. ernmost and highest of range, and Beaufort, LOBOC (loh-bock'), ver.; pueblo in S. Bohol, 2 m. which appears cleft in highest part. It then inland on main road from coast toward Loay slopes away toward Herschel and Peel Mts. and 12 m. E. of Tagbilaran. Pop., 10,174. 1 m. off shore and 3 and 5 m. NE. of Long Pt. lie S. and N. rocks, former 20 ft. high and lat- LOBOO (loh-boh-oh'), Tag.; pueblo in SE. Batan- ter nearly covered. Several streams enter gas, Luzon, near Sigayán Riv., short distance bay abreast of these rocks. inland and 20 m. E. of Batangas. Pop., 6,472. LONGBAC (long-bahck'), ver.; hamlet in Abra, LOBOÓ, or PUNAS (loh-boh-oh', pool-nass), Tag.; Luzón, on r. bank of Abra Riv., at great W. point in S. Batangas, Luzon. bend of that stream. - volcanic peak, 3,451 ft. high, lat. 13° 39' N., LONGOS (long'-ohs). Tag.; pueblo in Laguna, lon. 121° 16' E., in Maquiling range, S. part of Luzón, 7 m. NE. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 1,413. Batangas, Luzon. - hamlet in pueblo of Calumpit, Bulacán, LOBOO, SIERRAS DE (see-ay-rrass' day loh-boh- Luzón. oh'), Hisp.; E. part of Batangas, Luzón, bold headland between Malabrigo (W.) and Mala- - point on NE. coast of Ambos Camarines gundi (Galbán) Pts. (E.), near beach, 3,363 ft. (Norte), Luzón. high. - hamlet in pueblo of San Isidro, Nueva LOBSO (lohb-soh'), nat.; summit on NE, shore of Ecija, Luzón. Subie Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. LONI (loh'-nee), ver.; river in Tayabas, Luzón, LOBUT (loh-boot'), nat.; point on SE, shore of emptying on SW. coas Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. LOO (loh-oh'), ver.; pueblo on head waters of Agno Riv., in Benguet, Luzón, 17 m. NE. of LOCO-LOCO (loh'-coh-loh'-coh), Sp.; point in Ba Trinidad, near boundary of Lepanto. Pop., tangas, Luzón. (See Sigayán Pt.) 916. LOCTUGAN (loc-too-gahn), ver.; pueblo on 1. LOOC (loh-ohk'), nat., river of Sámar rising in bank of Maniannang Riv., in Cápiz, Panay, mountains on E., flows SW. empties into 3 m. S. of Cápiz. Pop., 3,475. Sojotón. LOCULAN (loh-coo'-lahn), nat.; port 21 m. NNE. point and hamlet, 11 m. N., latter 2 m. S. of Misamis, Panguil Bay, Misamis, Mindanao. of Malabúyoc, on strait of Tañón, W. coast of Cebu. - pueblo at mouth of river and point of same name, on N. ot entrance to Misamis port, town in Batangas, Luzón. Misamis, Mindanao, at road connects with inlet in NW. Batangas, Luzón. Misamis, 4 m. S. - hamlet on extreme Sw. coast of Leyte, 2 -- point 3} m. N. of W. side of opening to m. W. of Maasin. Panguil Bay, on W. shore of Iligan Bay, - hamlet in S. of Negros Oriental, 14 m. W. Misamis, Mindanao, To Tabú Pt. shore is of Sibulan. generally low; 2 rivers enter. Spanish had fort at anchorage of Loculan. - pueblo in Tablas I., Romblon grp., Visayas. (See Loog.) town in Misamis, Mindanao. Pop., 2,110. LOGEOL (loh-hay-awl'), ver.; hamlet at mouth | LO0G (loh-ohg'), nat; bay E. SI of river on E. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, covered by Ambil I., affords safe retreat for 201 m. NE, of Zamboanga. vessels if needed in passing Calavite, or nav- igating Verde Passage. At village of San LOGGER HEADS, for.; E. and W., NW. coast of Rafael, on W. shore, fine stream of water en- Paragua, Palawan. (See Cadlao I.) ters. Lat. 13° 43' 48'' N., lon. 120° 16' 48' E. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 603 TADLAS ISLAND PORT LUK Surveyed by the Seas Malippereld 1853 06? Xper i a X lontan SOUNDINGS IN FATHOMS 604 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LOOG; pueblo and port of Tablas I., lat. 12° 15' 51" N., lon. 121° 57' 28'' E., in Romblon grp., Visayas, at N. end of fine harbor on SW. coast. Only sheltered port on W. side in SW. monsoon, 4 by 3 m. in extent. Entrance 1 m. wide. Near N. side of town is river of good water in which light boats may enter. Pop., 4,500. - river entering Antabaan Bay, SE. arm of Loog Bay, on SE. shore of W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. - basin forming NE. arm of Banacalan port, NW. shore of Marinduque I. - bay on SW. coast of Tablas I., Visayas. Ob- servation spot on N. entrance head lat. 12° 15' 51" N., lon. 121° 57' 23" E. - hamlet on N. shore of Tutu Bay, Sulu I., Sulu A., 174 m. ESE. of Sulu. - point on S. shore of entrance to bay of Loog, upon which town of that name, on Tablas I., is situated. - mountain in S. central Sámar, 18 m. E. of Lánang. - bay in NW. Marinduque I. LOOG, or SAN RAFAEL (loh-ohg', sahn rah-fah- ehl'), nat.; pueblo on SE. coast of Lubang I., on N. shore of Loog Bay, 20 m. SW. of Lubang, 66 m. WNW. of Calapán. People are indus- trious. Bullocks, poultry, and vegetables are abundant. Pop., 1,204. LOÓN (loh-ohn'), pueblo, point, and anchorage on W. coast of Bohol, Visayas, 12; m. N. of Tagbilaran, and 184 m. E. across sea channel from Dalaguete, Cebú. Mole 328 yds, long extends to town, which is reached by steps cut in rock. It is situated on w. slope of Cammanoc hills, and presents beautiful ap- pearance from sea. Has old Spanish fort with bastions at angles. Pop., 15,365. LOPE DE VEGA (loh'-pay day vay'-gah), Sp.; hamlet on S. slope of Salta Sangley, W. cen- tral Sámar. LÓPEZ (loh'-peth), Sp.; pueblo on SE. shore of bay, 32 m. E. of Tayabas and 25 m. W. of Guinayangan, terminals of Tayabas and Ra- gay Gulfs, extremes of trans-provincial high- way. Cart road and trail also extends to N. Pop., 6,414. -- mountain in E. Zambales, Luzón. LOPUTAN (loh-poo'-tan), ver.; town in Misamis, Mindanao. LOQUIOCON (loh-key-loh'-cohn), ver.; moun- tain in Sámar, forming one of spurs of hills in pueblo of Paranas. LORÁN (loh-rahn'), ver.; island between Sigboye and Camba channels, in Cinapusan grp., Sulu A., NW. point of island is 6 m., near S. point of Tagao, 1} m. NW. to SW., i m. wide, and rises 158 ft. above sea. Inhabited and parti- ally cleared and cultivated. LORETO (loh-ray'-toh), Sp.; pueblo on 1. bank of river in Surigao, Mindanao, is about 2 m. above its entrance on W. shore of Sadocun Lake. LORO (loh'-roh), Sp.; peak in Cavite, Luzón. LOS ARCOS (los ar'-cos), Sp.; town at headwaters of Gibong Riv., Surigao, Mindanao, but 12 m. W. across summit of mountain range from head of Diangá Bay, on Pacific coast. LOS BAÑOS (los bah'-nyoss), Sp.; pueblo, S. coast of Laguna de Bay, Laguna, Luzón, accessible by boat or highway, 35 m. from Manila. Named from numerous thermal springs at foot of volcanic Mt. Maquiling. Resort for natives and Spaniards for curative benefits of LOS BAÑOS-Continued. waters, which vary in temperature from boil- ing to cold; are mentioned in Spanish records as early as 1739. In vicinity are extensive de- posits of kaolin, also valuable ochres, which are purified and sold in Manila for paint. Pop., 2,756. - volcanic mountain in E. Laguna, Luzón, abounds in thermal springs and other vol- canic action. Famous resort, Los Baños, is at its foot. LOS COCHINOS (los coh-chee'-noss), Sp.; 5 low rocks above water, 12 m. off W. point of Mariveles port, on S. coast of Bataan, Luzón, rounding into Manila Bay. Monti islet is E., Los Cochinos Pt. is at SSE. extremity of peninsula, conspicuous by 2 hills. Coast is steep. LOS CONFITES (los cohn-fee-tays), Sp.; islands E. of Príncipe, Luzón. LOS TRES REYES (los trays ray'-yes), Sp.; 3 is- lands of moderate height, peaked and clean, named Gaspar E., Melchor, and Baltasar, off SW. coast of Marinduque I. LOSÚN (loh-soon'), ver.; hamlet on E. shore of Dávao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, 49 m. SE. by S. of Davao. LOTONG (loh-tong'), ver.; hamlet on extreme SE. coost of Negros Oriental, 2 m. NE. of Zamboanguita. LOTUM (loh-toom'), nat.; village on SE. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. LOW, for.; island in Upper Grande Riv. of Minda- nao, 2 m. N. Liguasan Lagoon, Cotabato, Min- danao. - point near Eran Bay, Sw.coast of Palawan. LUAÁN (loo-ah-ahn'), nat.; hamlet 9 m. E. of Gándara, in W. Sámar. LUAGNÉ (loo-ahg-nay'), ver., river emptying into sea in pueblo of Janiuay, Iloilo, Panay. LUAINLAN (lwah-in-lahn'), ver.; town in Misa- mis, Mindanao. LUAN (lwahn), nat.; point N. end of islet, on W. side of entrance to Matalvi port, W. coast of Zambales, Luzón. - hamlet on SW. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, 102, m. SW. of Davao, 8 m. E. of Pola Pt. LUANGAT (loo-ahng-at'), ver.: N. point of bold, rocky projection, Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A., with small hill inland. LUAYON (loo-ah'-yohn), ver.; hamlet on E. coast of Davao, Mindanao, 73 m. S. of Davao. Sum- mit of Butulan Coast range lifts 8 m. inland. - hamlet on E. coast of S. peninsula of Davao, Mindanao, 67 m. S. of Dávao. LUBALAN (loo-bah-lahn), ver.; point in S. Min- danao. LUBÁN (loo-bahn'), nat.: point on Pacific coast of Dảvao, Mindanao, 16 m. N. by E. of San Agustín C., extreme SE. coast of island. Off this point is small round islet and small bay to N. of point in which vessels anchor in 33 ft. of water, with excellent shelter during SW. monsoon while waiting for favorable weather to round San Agustín C. LUBANG (loo-bang'), nat., largest and most im- portant of islands of that group, 17 by 3, m. in extent. High inland and low on coast. Chief town, Lubang. on N. coast. Only port safe in all seasons is Lilig, on NE. coast. There are other ba ys. Distance from Manila, 72 m. SW. Pop., in 1879, 3,000. - pueblo on N. shore of Lubang I.; enjoys considerable native trade; 11 m. NW.of Loog, on SE. coast and 78 m. WNW. of Calapán. Pop., 6,541. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 605 LUBANG ISLAND songitude E. fram Groewich, Vrila (the Cathedral) being 120:58 3: , LUK BAY Surveyed by CAPT: SIR. E BELCHER, R.X.C.B. 1846 Od Spot L. 18:13:48 N. Lang. 120:16:43 Larawih. SOUNDINGS IR FATHOMS mbaga 28 19 19 7 18 90 26 153 San Rafae si 3 so 25 25 Gaml. 10 CNN Scale of 10 CAN I Sca mila 606 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LUBANG (GROUP), CHINA SEA. (Loo-bang', ver.) Constituent part of Marinduque Province. Chief own: Lubang, on the NE. coast. Area: 76 sq. m. Population: 3,000. Race: Tagalog and Visayas. Language: Tagalog and Visayan. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Lubang to- Manila........ Boac, Marinduque.... Puerto Galera, Mindoro ... LOCATION. This group occupies an important position 46 m. SW. of the entrance to Manila Bay, at the China Sea or W. entrance to the Verde Passage between Luzón (Tayabas) on N. and Mindoro on the S., the great steamer track through the archipelago between Manila and United States Pacific points. It is also at the W. entrance of Mindoro Strait into the Visayan Sea between Mindoro on N. and Busuanga, Calamia- nes, and Paragua, Palawan, and the outside route between all the southern islands of the archipelago and Manila by the Mindoro Strait. The intervening channel between these islands and Mindoro is out of the ordinary track of vessels passing up and down either the Visayan or the China seas, but is of importance as the inside passage between Manila and Mindoro and all the S. islands. ISLANDS. The Lubang grp. consists of 7 islands. Lat. 130° 52' N., lon. 120° 15' E. sq. m. Ambil (Amul); E. of Lubang, is 5 m. from NW. to SE., and 5 m. from E. to W., 2,500 ft. high ... Cabra (Goat); mest W., 2 m. NW. of the point of Lubang I., with a deep channel between; is occupied by one of the most important light-houses off the coast of Luzon, lighting the way into the Verde Passage on the E. and Mindoro Strait on the W..... Golo; the most E. of the group. A narrow strip 10, m. long, stretching SE. of Lubang into the entrance of Verde Passage between Batangas and Mindoro..... Lubang: the largest and only inhabited island of the group. It is 17 m. from NW. tu SE.. 7 m. in breadth. The town of same name is on N. shore...... Malavatuan; 3) m. N. of Ambil, about 700 yds. in extent and covered with brush.. Mandani; NE. of Ambil, 1 m., composed of two small hills of unequal height.. Talinas; fronting the channel between Lubang and Golo on the E. Number of dependent islands 7, total .. BAYS AND HARBORS. In the Lubang grp. are the following anchorages utilized by vessels between the Verde I. Passage and Manila Bay: Akcaguayan; on the E. coast, formed by points Napulá and Antipolo, sheltered from all winds but those from the NE, to the SW., and is protected from the sea by several reefs. Balakiás; to the W. of the island of Ambil, and ends on the E. at Tagbanan Pt. Tilig; situated on the NE. coast, affords safe anchorage for vessels of all sizes at all seasons. The land in the interior as far N. as the parallel of Tilig is low and level, and from this point S. broken and mountainous, the highest mountain being near Guntín on the W. coast, SSE, of the town of Lubang. Loog; a safe port on the E. end of Lubang, covered by Ambil I., affords safe retreat in event of accident in passing Calavite Pt. or during navigation of the Verde Passage. There is a village with a rivulet of fine water on its shore. The chief town of the pueblo, Lubang, on the N. coast, 3 m. from Sala Pt., has estimated popula- tion of 6,541-Cn. 1887, 3,716—mostly Tagalog, engaged in agricultural pursuits and hunting and fishing. During certain seasons of the year a large number of turtles and brush turkey eggs are found along the shore and used for food. tion of 6,541–Chubang, on the N. Coulet of fine water on its navigation of the v LUB A N Gigi w point 0V TIN » Watge YA PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AMBIL PASSAGE LUBANG AND AMBIL ISLANDS From 2 Spanish survey 1834 Post ning Port S. Venta 12. Long 120 ni ad No. 1836 THE NORRIS PETERS COPHOTO-LIT . WASHINGTON, DC S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 607 LIGHT-HOUSES. On Cabra I., off the NW. point of Lubang I., lat. 13° 53' 28N., lon. 120° 0 55% E., about 656 yds. from the sea, near the W. point of the island, is a light which marks the course of steamers between Verde Passage and the Boca Grande entrance to Manila Bay. The light, which is one flash, has an illuminating apparatus consisting of 1 refracting lense of the first order. Every minute shows two flashes, each of 8" duration, separated by an interval of 7", the groups being separated by an interval of 37". The light is 217 ft. above the sea and is visible 29 m. The house, which is 67 ft. high, consists of a square brick tower on the W. angle of a rectangular dwelling. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. This group, included in the provincial government act for Cavite, June 11, 1901, by enactment of June 23, 1902, was detached from Cavite and annexed to the prov- ince of Marinduque, as established by act No. 125 and of the provincial government act. (See Marinduque Civil Government.) LUBANG (loo-bang'), ver.; hamlet on NW. shore | LUBUTGLUBUT-Continued, of Maibún (Maimbun) Bay, SW. coast of Sulu, suanga I., Calamianes grp. Group of rocks, Sulu A. Hill 918 ft. high rises 1, m. N. by W. 380 ft. high, without name on Spanish chart, - point in N. Mindoro. lies S. 1. m. off Lubutglubut. - channel between Lubang Is. and NW. ubang Ts and NW LUCAGUETE (loo-cah-gay'-tay), ver.; hamlet on coast of Mindoro, connecting Verde Passage Agno Riv. road in Pangasinan, Luzon, 11 m. with China Sea. S. of Lingayen, LUBAO (loo-bah'-aw), ver.; pueblo in Pampanga, LUCATÁN (loo-cah-tahn'), nat.; town 2 m. N. of Luzón, 5 m. SW. of Bacolor, on extreme NW. Tuguban Pt. in extreme SE. part of Surigao, channel of Pampanga Delta Pop., 21,175. Mindanao, 214 m. SSE. of Surigao. SE. end LUBARÁN (loo-bah-rahn'), Tag.: hamlet in Nueva of boundary between Surigao and Davao pass within 1 m. W. of this town and SE. end of Ecija, Luzón, 12 m. N. of San Isidro. line reaches ocean shore at Tuguban Pt. LUBAS (lool-bass), nat.; hamlet in Unión, Luzón, about 1. m. to SE. inhabited by Igorrotes. - mountain in E. Mindanao. - hamlet in pueblo of Talisay, Cebú. LUCBÁN, or LUGBANG (look-bahn', loog-bahng'), LÚBIC (lool-beek), ver.; islet 478 ft. high, 20 m. Tag.; pueblo in Tayabas, Luzón, SE. of Ma- NW. by W. of Cuyo, Cuyos Is., Mindoro Sea. jayjay and 8 m. NW. of Tayabas, capital; LUBIJAN (loo-bee'-hahn), ver.; hamlet near burned in 1859. Chief industry of inhabitants head waters of river paralleling Cagayan on weaving of fine straw hats from fiber of leaf W. and entering Macajalar Bay 15 m. sw. of of burí palm tree, manufacture pandanus Cagayan de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. mats, and conduct profitable trade at Mau- bán with gold washers of Ambos Camarines LUBIRANAN (loo-bee-rah-nahn), nat.; mountain (Norte). It is in heart of mountain region in Leyte. between Banajao and Daliliguan. There are LUBLUB (loob-loob'), nat.; hamlet in SE. Iloilo, roads to Alfonso XII, Majayjay and Mauban Panay, 3. m. NW. by N. of Dumangas. Country around rice growing on sawas or ter- - hamlet on r. bank of Cadián Riv., W. An races on hillsides, as on inland sea of Japan, tique, Panay, 10 m. E. of Bugason. is large industry. Pop., Cn. 1899, 12,755. LUBÓ (loo-boh'), nat.; point on E. shore of bay LUCBUTUN (look-bool-toon). ver.; hamlet on ex. in SE. Leyte, 41 m. SE. of Sógod Antiguo. treme N. shore of Basilan I. off S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 3 m. NE. of Isabela - mineral spring in Laguna, Luzon. and on S. shore of Basilan Strait. LUBOG (loo-bog'), nat.; village on NE. shore of LUCENA (loo-thay-nah), Sp.; pueblo on r. bank Sibuyán I., Romblon grp., Visayas. at junction of s. branch with Jalaur Riv. in - inlet in Sibuyan I., Romblon grp., Visayas. S. central Iloilo, Panay, 18 m. N. of Iloilo. LUBÓN (loo-bon'), ver.; hamlet in Lepanto, Pop., 6,511. Luzón, 2, m. N. of Cayán, with which it is pueblo, P. O., and m. o., Tayabas, Luzón, connected by trail. It has road to Bontoc, 9 8 m. from Tayabas. Pop., 7,000. m. NE. Pop., 700. LUCSÍN (look-sin'), nat.; hamlet in Unión, Lu- LUBÚ (loo-boo'), ver.; hamlet on NE. coast of zón. Cebú, 3 m. SE. of Daan Bantay, on opposite LUCSON, or LOGSOON (look-sohn', log-so-ohn'), coast. nat.; point W. head of anchorage of Balan- LUBUCÁN (loo-boo-cahn'), nat.; moderately ele giga, s. coast Sámar, Visayas. vated island, 6 m. E. of Tangao I., Sulu A. LUCSUHÍN (look-sooh-heen'), Tag.; hamlet in Passage between island and Tawi Tawi is dry at low water. Between island and Balambing pueblo of Ibaan, Batangas, Luzón. Pt. is deep bight with island of Samanput in - island off NE. coast of Ambos Camarines center, to w. forming sheltered anchorage. (Sur), Luzón. LUBUNG (loo-boong'), ver., island and point of LUCTUGAN (looc-tooh'-gahn), nat; hamlet on Romblon grp., Visayas. bank of Panay Riv., in Cápiz, Panay. LUBUNGAN (loo-boong'-ahn), ver., pueblo on 8. LUCUTÁN (100-coo-tahn'), nat.: hamlet in Pan- shore of bay on NW. coast of Dapitan, Min gasinan, Luzón. danao, 15 m. SW. of Dapitan. Pop., 5,157. LUDICAN (100-deel.cahn) ver.: point in "Sulu I., (See Blanca Pt.) Sulu grp., Sulu A. river in Dapitan, Mindanao, empties into LUEGAS (loo-ay'-gass), ver.: island off w. coast gulf of Dapitan. of Antique, Panay. LUBUTGLUBUT (loo-boot-gloo-boot'). ver.; is- LUGAÍT (loo-gah-eet'), ver town in Misamis. land 660 ft. high, very bold, off NE. coast of Mindanao, on E. shore of Iligan Bay, 30 m. Paragua, Palawan, to 8. off NE. coast of Bu WSW. of Cagayan de Misamis. 608 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LUGÁLUG (loo-gah'-loog), nat.; hamlet in Unión, LUK (look), ver.; bay on SE. coast of Lubang I. Luzón, in pueblo of Balaoan (Baláuang). (See Loog.) LUGÁN (loo-gahn'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of LÚLAB (loo'-lab), ver.; hamlet in Benguet, Lu- Tayum (Tayun), Abra, Luzón. zón, 16 m. NE. of Trinidad. - mountain in pueblo of Tayum (Tayun), LULUGBÁN (loo-loog-bahn'), ver.; island off NE. Abra, Luzón. point of Iloilo, Panay. (See Nabunut.) LUGATOC, or TALAGDAYAN (loo-gah-tawk', tah- LUMÁBANG (looh-mah'-bang), nat.; hamlet in lag-dah'-yahn), ver.; mountain in N. Zam- pueblo of Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. bales, Luzón. LUMAGUS (loo-mah'-goose), ver.; river in Min- LUGAUAN (loo-gah'-wahn), nat.; point in Misa danao. mis, Mindanao, N. of Oroquieta, on W. shore LUMAMPÁ (loo-mahm-pah), Tag., hamlet in Ca- of Iligan Bay. vite, Luzón, 22 m. S. of Cavite. LUGBÁN (loog-bahn'); island. (See Lugbung I., LUMANCAPK (loo-mahn-cah-pah'), ver.; point on Romblon.) extreme N. shore of Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol, LUGBON (loog-bohn'), ver.; point in Romblon I., 19 m. SW. of Taburuc Pt., in extreme SW. of Visayas. Panglao I. LUGBUÁN (loog-boo-ahn'), ver.; hamlet on NE. | LUMANGO (loo-mang'-aw), nat.; point at extreme coast of Cuyo I., Cuyos Is., Mindoro Sea, 3 m. NE. end of N. coast of Siquijor I., SW. of Bo- ENE. of Cuyo. hol, 27 m. SW. of Tagbilaran, on mainland of LUGBUNG (loog-boong'), nat.; island off NE. Bohol. shore of Romblon, Visayas, 14 m. from NE. to LUMANON (loo-mah'-nohn), nat.; hamlet on W. SW. and i m. from E. to W.; area, 1 sq. m. coast of Leyte, 4, m. N. of Palompón. Island has 2 peaks, one at N. and other at S. LUMBACAN (loom-bah'-cahn), ver.; channel E. end, which form conspicuous landmarks for of island of Balábac, opening into Sulu Sea. vessels approaching Romblon port. This island also forms shelter on W. for this port. LUMBANG (loom-bang'), nat.; pueblo in Laguna, ( Also Lugbán.) Luzón, 6 m. E. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 4,293. LUGINOT (loo-hee-not'). ver.; islet 1 m. off NE. - river entering on SW. shore of Palanog coast of Panay. port, NW. coast of Masbate, Visayas. LUGMADALÚN (loog-mah-dah-loon'), ver.; moun- LUMBIAN (loom-beel-ahn), ver.; island off S. tain in Zamboanga, Mindanao. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A., near Patián I. LUGMAYAN (loog-mah'-yahn), point at extreme LUMBUCAN (loom-boo'-cahn), ver.; island 100 ft. SW. corner of Guimarás 1., off Iloilo, Panay, high, 1 m. in length, 15 m. E. by N. of Cape and headland between Iloilo Strait on N. and Melville, S. point of Balábac. Channel of Guimarás Strait on S. Lumbucan passes on S. and Campiran on N. LUGNÁS (loog-nass'). ver.; river of Batangas, - channel s. of island of same name ap- Luzón, emptying into Batangas Bay near proaching Balábac, E. of Cape Melville, S. Bauán town. end of Balábac I., and from Balábac Strait in NE, direction into Sulu Sea. LUGO (loo'-goh), Sp.: hamlet in Cordillera Cen- tral of Cebú, 11 m. NE. of Tuburan. LUMBUYAN (loom-boo-yahn), nat.; hamlet in W. LUGOT (loo-got'); town inland in Ilocos Norte, Antique, Panay, 6 m. NE. of Barboza. N. of boundary with Ilocos Sur, Luzón, LUMHIM (loom-him'), nat.; point N. shore San 1, m. where it terminates on China Sea coast. Antonio (Rocky) Bay, SE. coast Palawan, W.. by N. of Marangas. - point in Ilocos Norte, Luzón. LUMINTAN (100-meen'-tahn), ver.; point and river LUGSEN (loog'-sayn), ver.; mountain in E. Ben- emptying into sea, 6. m. SSW. of Irirón, on guet, Luzón. SW. coast of Mindoro. LUGSÓN (loog-soon'), Tag.; river of Cavite, Lu LUMÍNTAO (loo-meen'-tah-oh), ver.; town in Min- zón, rising in Cordilleras, which divide that province from Batangas, flows N., and emp- doro. ties into San Agustin Riv. LUMITIAD (loo-mee-teeh-ahd'), Tag.; river of Tayabas, Luzón, emptying into Lamón Bay, LUGTÁN (loog-tahn'), ver.; mountain in NE. between Maguitig and Minanucan Pts. Cápiz, Panay, near Concepción boundary, 4 LUMITTIS (loo-mit-tis), ver.; islet 2 m. S. of Li- m. S. of Pilar. bás Pt., E. coast of Bohol, on ocean front of LUGUÍ (looh-gwee'), ver.; river of Sámar, tribu- Cotton Bay. tary to Sojotón. LUMP, for.; N. of 2 islands, S. of Boayan I., NW. LUGUS (loo'-goose), ver.; second largest island of coast of Paragua, Palawan. Tapul grp., Sulu A. (See Bulipongpong.) LUMUCLUC (loo-mook-look'), nat.; river empty- - point in S. Mindanao. ing on NW. shore of Barrera port, NE. coast LUGUS, or BULIPONGPONG (loof-goose, boo-lee- of Masbate, Visayas; cascade about m. above pohng-pohng'), ver.; island in Sulu (Tapul) its mouth furnishes good water. grp. Clear and steep-to on SW, coast. 1,010- LUMUNO (loo-moo'-noh), ver.; river in extreme foot hill on N. end of Lapac I. forms land- SE. Cebú, emptying into sea 1 m. S. of Bol- mark. jo-on. LUGUT (loo-goot'), ver.; point in S. Mindanao. LUMPUG (loo-moo'-poog), nat.; village on r. LUIMBIA (loo-eem-bee-ah'), ver.; point in Negros. bank of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, LUIRBIÓ (loo-ir-bee-oh'), ver.; point on SW. Mindanao, 4 m. above Tumbao. coast of Negros Occidental and dividing headland of 2 bays, 6} m. S. of Inayauan. gani Bay, S. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, 74 m. LUIS, SAN (sahn loo-ees'), Sp.; hamlet on SE. S. by W. of Davao. coast of Mucabog I., 3 m. N E. of Negros Occi- LUNAGAN (loo-nah'-gahn), ver.; river entering dental. bay of Illigan on S. shore, SE. of Binuni Pt., LUISIANA (loui-see-ah'-nah), Sp.; pueblo in La- N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. guna, Luzón, 11 m, SE. of Santa Cruz. Pop., LUNAS (loonahs). Sp. mountain on Sw. shore 3,802. of Leyte, 9 m. N. of Baybay. - hamlet of pueblo of Majayjay, Laguna, - hamlet in S. central Cebú, Apo Mt., 13 m. Luzón. E. of Alcántara. LUISIJAN (loui-see'-hahn), ver.; town in An - hamlet at headwaters of Maasin Riv.,SW. tique, Panay, Leyte. ran- GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 609 LUNAY (loo-ni), ver.; hamlet on SE. shore of Camansi Bay, N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 2 m. NE. of Sapiản. - small lake through which Bao Riv. passes in Leyte. LUNBUJAN (loon-booh'-hahn), nat.; tributary of Úlut Riv., Sámar. - point W. head of Cataingan port, SE. coast Masbate I., Visayas. LÚNDAY (loon'-dye), ver.; mountain in Bohol, Visayas. LUNGIB (loong-ib'), nat.; point, N. shore at en- trance to SW. arm of Barrera port, NE. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. LUNGUD (loon-good'), nat.; hamlet of Ilocos Sur, Luzón. LUNUAY (loo-noo-i'), nat.; mountain of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, forming part of Cordillera del Norte. LUOCANAN (loo-oh-cah'-nahn), ver.; mountain in Leyte, 7 m. E. of Villaba. LUPA (loo'-pah), nat.; island to E. of Balambing I., ŚW., coast of Tawi Tawi, Sulu A., from which it is separated by an unnavigable channel. LUPA BUAN (loo'-pah bwahn), ver.; S. coast of Tawi Tawi, Sulu A., and 10 m. NE. of Balam- bing. This place sprang up after attack of Spanish gunboats on Balambing in 1871. Famous for building native boats. LÚPAC (loo'-pack), ver.; hamlet in Lepanto, Luzón; mountains in vicinity contain copper, LÚPANG (loo'-pang), ver.; village near Los Baños, S. coast of Laguna de Bay, Laguna, Luzón, has deposit of fine white siliceous earth (ochre), carried to Manila as early as 1859-60 and there purified into paint. LUPAO (looh-pah-oh), Tag.; river in pueblo of same name, Nueva Ecija, Luzón, flows into Chico de la Pampanga Riv. - pueblo in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 40 m. N. of San Isidro. Pop., 608. LUPI (loo'-pee), ver.; pueblo in Ambos Camari- nes (Sur), Luzon, midway between Daet and Nueva Cáceres, capitals of former, N. and S. Camarines Provinces, respectively, 22 m. NW. of latter, on tributary of Polauluna Riv. Pop., 765. LUPIT (100-pit'), ver; hamlet in W. Antique, Panay, 7, m. SE. of Sibálom. - river entering Guimarás Strait, 1 m. S. of Bacolod, Negros Occidental. LÚPUT (loo'-put), ver.; point in S. Mindanao. LUROGO (loo-raw'-go), ver.; mountain in Sámar. LUSÁN, or CALABOSO (loo-sahn', cah-lah-boh'- soh). Tag.; river in Laguna, Luzón, emptying into Laguna de Bay. LUSARÁN (loo-sah-rahn').ver.: extreme SW. point of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay, and islet 2 m. N. between entrance to Guimarás Strait on S. and Iloilo on N. LUSARANG (loo-sah-rang'), ver.; island s. of Panay. LUSAY (looh-si'), nat.; point on E. coast of Mas- bate, Visayas, in pueblo of Palanas. LUSUG (loo-soog'), ver.; hamlet on E. shore of strait of Tañón, 5 m. sw. of Pinamungajan, W. coast of Cebú. LUSUNSACÁTAO (loo-soon-sah-cah'-tah-oh), ver.; point on E. coast of Cebú, 2, m. N. of Com- postela. LUSUUNGÁN (loo-sooh-oon-gahn'), nat.; river of Sámar emptying on E. coast. LUTAB (loo-tab'), ver.; hamlet in Benguet, Luzón, 12 m. NE. of Trinidad. Pop., 415. LUTANGAN (loo-tang'-ahn), ver.; extreme S. point of Olutanga I., off S. coast of Zamboan- ga, Mindanao. Also E. headland of Sibuguey Bay, Célebes Sea, front of which opens 38) m. due w. to E. shore of Zamboanga Pen., opposite. LÚTAOS (looh'-tah-ohs), nat.; hamlet in Cebu. LÚTAY (lool-tie), ver.; small river in Negros Oriental, 1, m. S. of Tayasan. LUTAYA, or OLÚTAY (loo-tah'-yah, oh-loo'-tie). ver.; island 1 m. NE. and SW., N. of Ma. gatalijan, 2, m. off N. coast of Cápiz, Panay. Between this island and Bulacaue, 214 m. E., lies great bay with no good anchorage. LUTUNG (loo-toong'), ver.; island of NE. coast of Panay. (See Nabúnut.) LUVÁS (loo-bass'), nat.; point on Sw. shore of Albay Gulf and W. head to Piliquí Bay, Al- bay, Luzón. - port on Bay of Albay, in Albay, Luzon. LUYA LUYA (lool-yah lool-yah); river of Tayabas, Luzón, rising in Banajao Peak, on N., and empties into Lamón Bay. LUYÁN (loo-yahn'), ver.; hamlet of 500 people, S. of Panalipan. Chief occupation of people is cutting wood for Cebú market. LUYOS (loo'-yohs); hamlet in pueblo of Cabiao, on bank of river of same name, Nueva Ecija, Luzón. - affluent of Chico de la Pampanga Riv., rising in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, flows ENE. and unites with river named. LUYUCAN (loo-yoo'-cahn), ver.; bay on W. side of Usón port, S. coast of Busuanga I., Cala- mianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan, and opposite NW. coast of Peñón de Coron, LUYÚE (loo-y00'-ay), ver.; hamlet in Lepanto, Luzon, 15 m. from Cervantes. Pop., 750. LUZÓN (loo-thon'), Hisp.; point, sw. extremity of Bataan, Luzón, on China Sea, forming Bagac Bay, at head of which is village of Bagac. Shores are low, but point is rocky, and coast indented by several small bays, largest being Guai Bay. low islet in Coron Passage between Busuanga and Calamián Is., Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. - river rising in NE. range of Negros Occi- dental, and flowing E. falls into sea on E. coast of Sagunto hamlet. - pueblo on SE. shore of Davao Gull, SE. peninsula of Dávao, Mindanao, 49) m. SE. by S. of Dávao. Pop., Cn. 1887, 233. - mountain in Benguet, Luzon. LUZÓN ISLAND, PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO (Loo-thon', Hisp.) Capital: Manila (Observatory), lat. 14° 34' 42'' N., lon. 120° 58' 8'' E. (See pp. 183–194.) Area: mainland, 43,075 sq. m.; 311 dependent islands, 1,160 sq. m.; total, 44,235 sq. m. Population: Luzón, 3,727,488. Races: the Cagayán, in the NE. part of the island, the Ilocano, in NW.; the Pan- gasinan and Sambal, along the China Sea coast; the Pampango, in the portion lying N. S. Doc. 280— 39 610 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. - naut. m. of Manila Bay; the Tagalog, in the center provinces, and the Bícol (Vícol), in the SE. portion, are the most important. Language: the principal, Tagalog; Pampango, Bícol (Vícol), Pangasinan, Ilocano, and Cagayán. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. do 10 JASCO Table of distances. (Also see pp. 129-131.) T arto From Manila to Auckland, New Zealand, via Torres Straits...... 5,056 Bangkok, Siam .................... ... 1,440 Batavia, Java, via Singapore ...... 1,386 Batavia via Macassar Straits........ . 1,560 Brito, Nicaragua (Canal) 8, 766 Calcutta, Hindoostan, India ....... 3,016 Canton, China ..... 703 Guam, Ladrones Islands, N. route.. 1,750 Guam, Ladrones Islands, S. route ....... 1,506 Hongkong, China ..... 628 Honolulu, Pacific Ocean, United States, N. route. 4,950 Honolulu, Pacific Ocean, United States, S. route. 4,843 Nagasaki, Japan............................ 1, 365 New Orleans via proposed Nicaragua Canal.. 10,096 New Orleans via proposed Panama Canal..... 10, 130 New York via Cape Good Hope, direct ...... 13, 771 New York via Cape Horn.................. 16, 971 New York via proposed Nicaragua Canal. 10, 697 New York via proposed Panama Canal.... 10, 731 New York via Suez Canal and Gibraltar.... 11, 601 Port Darwin, N. coast Australia ..... 1,692 Port Townsend, United States, via Yokohama 5,920 Saigon, Indo-China ................ 930 San Francisco via Guam........... 6,943 San Francisco via Yokohama.. 6, 471 Shanghai, China.. 1,080 Singapore...... 1,386 Sydney, Australia........ 3,772 Tientsin, China ..! 2, 409 Pekin, China, via Tientsin and Peiho Riv 2,529 Vladivostok, E. Siberia, Russia .. 2, 010 Wake Island, United States..... 2, 646 Wellington via Torres Straits... 4,612 Yokohama, New Zealand, Japan 1,630 channel. m. to the N. the. by the Pacifirdino Strait separat Ticao, Masbate de Pas bie LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The most N. of the islands of the P. A., situated between lat. 12° 32' and 18° 39' N., and lon, 119° 42' and 124° 8' E. In form it is very irregular, elongated from N. to S. and SE., much wider at N. than at S. It narrows at lat. 14° 30' where the bay of Manila is situated; much more at 14°, where an isthmus unites the larger and W. part of the island with the E. It is bounded on the N. by the Bachi (Baschi) channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and China Sea, which separates it from For- mosa, 248 m. to the N., the coast of Japan lying 1,060 m. to the NNE., and China 435 m. to the NNW.; on the E. by the Pacific Ocean, Guam, United States, lying 1,376 m. to the E.; on the S. by the San Bernardino Strait separating it from Sámar; the N. channels of the Visayan Sea dividing it from the islands of Ticao, Masbate, Burias, Sibuyán, Romblon, and Tablas; the Tayabas Gulf from Marinduque and Verde Pas- sage dividing it from Mindoro, and on the W. by the China Sea, the coast of Indo- China lying 683 m. opposite to the W. The island lies in the main pathway of commerce between India via the British and Dutch possessions in the “Straits," and Java Sea on the SW.; Australia via the Molucca and Célebes Is, and Borneo on the S., and China and Japan on W., N., and NW. GES drite AREA. The mainland of Luzon is 283 m. due S. to Manila, and thence 255 m. SE. along the peninsula to Babulgun Pt., the SE. extreme of Sorsogon, on San Bernardino Strait, or 489 m. from NW. to SE. At its widest point, about the center of N. Luzón, it is 138 m. from the Pacific Ocean to the China Sea, 8 m, at its narrowest point in the neck of Tayabas, between Lamón Bay in the Pacific and Tayabas Bay on the Visayan (China) seaside it is 8 m. The area of the mainland is 43,075 sq. m.; of its 311 dependent islands 1,160 sq. m.; total, 44, 235 sq. m., and including Marinduque 681 sq. m.; total, 44,916 sq. m. This island lies within 10 m. of the Luzón coast, and is a province, but in race and language is the same as the Tayabas mainland, which encircles it on 3 sides. The mainland of Luzón comprises 27,568,000 a. It --08€ 500 UNITED STATES TRANSPORT THOMAS IN THE BAY OF MANILA. DISTRICT OF PACô. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 611 isrea of Pennsylvania.ed into 3 territorial di Of Cagayán, in theo is 625 sq. m. larger than the State of Virginia, and but 2,140 sq. m. less than the The island is divided into 3 territorial divisions, as follows: North Luzón; includes the provinces of Cagayán, in the extreme NE.; Ilocos Norte, in the extreme NW.; Ilocos Sur, Abra, Lepanto-Bontoc, including the sub- provinces Amburayan, Bontoc, Lepanto; Isabela, Unión, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, and Príncipe, subprovince of Tayabas. Center Luzón; includes the provinces of Infanta, a subprovince of Tayabas; Bulacán, Pampanga, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Zambales, Bataan, Manila municipality, Cavite, Rizal Manila and Mórong), Laguna, and Batangas. South Luzón; includes the provinces of Tayabas, Ambos Camarines, Albay, and Sorsogon. These provinces are described in their places alphabetically arranged. The mountain system of Luzon is composed principally of 3 large ranges, the nucleus of which is the Caraballo Sur, whose highest peak (4,666 ft.) is situated in lat. 16° 9' N., lon. 121° 4' E. from Greenwich. The chief ranges are known as Caraballos Occi- dentales, which form the Pacific and China Sea watersheds of N. Luzón, and extends a distance of about 150 m. N. and S. The Sierra Madre, which forms a continuous chain of mountains from Caraballos, and longer than the Caraballos, runs to Cape Engaño, having a NE. trend. The third range, beginning at the same point, the Caraballo Sur, extends N. and S.; at Banahao it turns to the SE. into the province of Tayabas, where it divides, one trending to the S. and the other to the NE. for a short distance; thence to the E. across the Camarines; thence to the SE. into Albay, and terminates in the spurs of the volcano of Bulusan, facing the straits of San Ber- nardino. This range has several important branches, one ending on the S. side of the bay of Baler. The most important mountains of the system of the Caraballos, aside from the Caraballo Sur, are the following: In the range of the NW., or Cara- ballos Occidentales, the peaks of Sagsig, Cabalisían, Salacså,, Dalandem, Mingolit, and Saluán, between the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, and the district of Benguet; those of Data, 8,333 ft. (2,500 meters); Tila, 4,516 ft. (1,355 meters); Mitra, 5,889 ft. (1,737 meters), and Tantaguan, 5,779 ft. (1,737 meters), in the district of Lepanto; those of Caburtanga, Gabón or Dacuer, Dilaso, Danao, Dayos, Narapijan, and the craggy Andang, in Ilocos Norte; those of Posdey, 4,866 ft. (1,430 meters); Mamagued, Mabulusa, Liputen, Abra, Colango, Bumuragan, Bala- tinan, Molinga, Pico, and Calos, within the limits of Abra; those of Balago, 5,353 ft. (1,606 meters); Cabatingan, Diablo, Maguinalem, Tibangran, and Burnay, 6,376 ft. (1,913 meters), within the provinces of Abra and Ilocos Sur; and in the ridges of Ilocos Norte, from the extreme S. to Point Pata on the N. coast, those of Agaumala, 4,700 ft. (1,410 meters); Pan de Azúcar, 2,530 ft. (762 meters); Bimun- gan, 3,843 ft. (1,183 meters); and that of Quebrada, 2,787 ft. (927 meters), with the line of heights which form the Caraballo Norte. The elevation of the peaks of the Sierra Madre is estimated as follows: The Dos Cuernos, 4,013 ft. (1,204 meters); the Moisés, 4,276 ft. (1,283 meters); the volcano Cana, 3,830 ft. (1,195 meters), and şeveral others whose elevation, like that of others which we have mentioned, it has not yet been possible to determine. Following the range of the E. and SE. are the Caraballos de Baler and Subani, in the province of Nueva Ecija; Silas, Angat, Paha- lang, Orión, and Tayabasan, in that of Bulacán; Simutén, Camunay, and Duyo, in the district of Mórong: Malagión, Malang, Rizal, Maquíling, 3,670 ft. (1,133 meters), and San Cristóbal, in Laguna, until we reach the Masalacay and Bondog, in the province of Tayabas; those of Colasi, Calungun, Bayabas, Sabro, 4,373 ft. (1,552 meters); Baao, Puliamey, Paratucan, and Caramuan, in those of Ambos Camarines; and in that of Albay those of Buhi or Malinao, Masaraga, 3,513 ft. (1,354 meters); Mayón or volcano of Albay, 7,566 ft. (2,522 meters); Pocdol, Calangalan, and of the volcano Bulusan. TE RIVERS. Four principal rivers in Luzon which run in opposite directions nearly the whole length of the N. part of the island, are: The Grande de Cayagán, the Agno, the Abra, and the Grande de la Pampanga. Their basins are determined by the 3 great moun- tain ranges, which belong to the system of the Caraballos. These streams are described in the provinces through which they run and in their alphabetical places. BAYS AND HARBORS. The coast presents a great number of irregularities. Near the centerand on the S. are large bays and excellent ports and harbors. From Point Negra, at the extreme NW. of the island, the coast extends SW. to Cape Bojeador; it then turns to the SSE. 612 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. island arom Point Dile Esteban and Sanayan, Sur Ilocost inclination to the W. and Sw.vicinity of the island Zambales startPangasinán be Carabao and bay of Navinces of ck limits it's and SSW. and continues in this direction as far as Point Dile. In this part are the bay of Dirque, bar (roadstead) of Cáuit, Point Culili, port Currimao, gulf of Gan, island of Badoc, and Point Solot, all belonging to the coast of Ilocos Norte. The island and port of Salomague and the island of Pinget belong to the coast of Ilocos Sur. From Point Dile the coast forms a curve toward the E., in which are the bay of Solbet and ports San Esteban and Santiago. Continuing S., before reaching Dari- gayos at the mouth of the river Amburayan, Sur Ilocos ends and Unión begins and extends almost in a straight line to the S., with a slight inclination toward the W., terminating at Point San Fernando. 'Here the gulf of Lingayen begins. Toward the E. end of this gulf, and near the mouth of the river Rabong, Pangasinan begins. The provincial boundary between Pangasinan and Zambales starts opposite the island of Cabilitían. From the vicinity of the island of Santiago, or Purra, the coast advances to the W. and SW., forming Cape Bolinao, and then continues toward the S. without other notable variation than Point Arenas, the bay of Agno, and Point Tam- bobo. At Point Caimán, fronting Culebra I., it turns to the E. to form the bay of Dasol, Points Bayambán, Banop, and Santa Cruz, in front islands Older and Younger Sisters (Hermana Mayor y Menor, or Macalire). S. of the shoal of Sabalay are Points Arenas and Banî, port Masinloc, the San Salvador and Macalabo Is., and the points and reefs of Palaing. From here it inclines to the SE. and SSE. as far as the mountainous peninsula, which is hemmed in on the W. by the Capones, Tabones, and Frailes Is., which likewise includes on the W. the port of Súbic. On the SE. of this peninsula is the port of Silanguín. Within the port of Súbic is Olongapo, where Bataan begins, forming, with the peninsula which limits it on the W., the bay of Manila, whose coasts belong to the provinces of Bataan, Pampanga, Bulacán, Manila, and Cavite. Leaving the bay of Manila toward the S. is found the gulf of Patungan, with the Carabao and Limbones Is. At the head of this bay Batangas begins. Farther to the S. Port Jamelo, Point Fuego, Fortun I., Point San Diego, Talín, and Cape Santiago are found. From this point, about lat. 13° 45' N., the S. coast of Luzón presents the gulf of Pagapas, the bay of Balayán, Point Cazador, the island of Maricabán, the bay of Batangas, Points Malocot, Arenas, Talajib, Rosario, Malabrigo, Punas, Malagundi, and Loco Loco, and the little gulf of Coloconto. At Point Punas the coast turns toward the NNE. and E. to form the great gulf of Tayabas. At the N. of San Juan de Bogbog, at the bar of Nayon, the coast of Tayabas begins. From here it stretches to the SE. and S., and Point Tuguián, the bay of Catananan, the island of Mompog, the port of Mulanay, the gulf of Agoín, Aguasa Bay, and Point Bondog, this being the extreme S. point of the great peninsula which bounds the bay of Ragay on the W., at which point to the N. and E. the coast of Tayabas ends and that of Ambos Camarines (Sur) begins. The E. coast of this bay advances to the S. at Point Cad- burauan, where to the N., and not far from Point Talo, is the boundary between Camarines Sur and Albay. After doubling this point, Cadburauan, called also Point Panganiran, the coast extends to the E. and SE. and forms an irregular peninsula whose S. end is the extreme S. point of the island. Along this coast are the islands of Lamuyón or Solitario, the promontory of Catandalan, the port of Putiao, the great port of Sorsogon, and several small bays. Doubling Points Langao and Babul- gan, in the strait of San Bernardino, the E. coast of Luzón begins. The islands of Calinton, Iaac, and Ticlín are first seen, and to the N. the prominent point of Bino- rongan and others, as far as Bingay, where the coast turns to the W: to form the bay of Albay, shut in on the N. by the islands of Rapu-Rapu, Batán, and Cacraray. This, with the island of San Miguel and the coast N. of the peninsula, which bounds the N. part of this bay, forms the bay of Tabaco. Again the coast takes a direction N. and NW., and at Punta Gorda, somewhat to the S. of the island of Atalayan, is the E. boundary of Albay and Ambos Camarines (Sur). The coast then turns to form the bay of Lagonoy and continues to the E. as far as the straits of Maqueda and Tacbún, where the bay of Lugón and the Canaguan Is. are seen. At Point Pana- honga, near the Pitogo Is., the coast inclines toward the W., and continues in this direction of WNW. with great irregularities, as far as the bay of Lamón. Along this distance are curved successively the islands of Matatarad, Lanquipao, Lugsunín, Lahuy, and Quinabugan, Point Tinajuagan, the port of Sisiran, the islands of Quina- lasag, Bacacay, Lamit, Sibanan, and Paniqui, the point and port of Tambang, Point Quinabucasan, the islands of Siruna, Cantón, Caringo, Camino, and others, at the entrance to the great bay of San Miguel. Along the W. coast of this bay is the boundary between Ambos Camarines and the island of Quinamanucan, the Calaguas Is., Cape Baluagan, and Points Pinagdungan, Paranquirán, and Tailón, Pulum batô, and Tunco Is., the bay of Mambulao, and various small islands; also the island of Jaulo and the bay of Sugot, at the head of which is the boundary between N. Camarines and Tayabas. The N. are the islands of Jomálig, the peninsula which terminates in Point Dappal, the Balegin, Pásig, and Alabat Is., and the bay of Apal. an, whour) begins the great pemin, Agdy of Cat Panganiran, thand Albay.” After doufar from Point Taide entrance to the al Ambos Camarinagdungan, Para GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 613 From the bay of Lamón, fronting the island of Calbalete, the coast of Luzon contin- ues from S. to N. with some inclination to NNE., corresponding to the province of Infanta. The most notable features are the ports of Lampón and Point Inaguican, fronting the S. part of the island of Polillo. Passing the N. boundary of Infanta, along the coast of Nueva Ecija, the bay of Dingala is found, to the N. of which, 3 m. N. of Point Sua, the S. boundary of Príncipe begins. Here the coast inclines more to the NE., and along it are Point Diotoring, the bay of Dibut, Point Encanto, the bay of Baler, the bay of Casiguran, and the strait and long peninsula which termin- ates with the Cape San Ildefonso. N. of this peninsula the coast of Isabela begins. Here are the bay of Dilásac, or port of Tumango, and the bay of Palanán. Thence almost due N., interrupted only by the small peninsula of Point Aubarede, it forms the port of Dimalansan and the bay of Divilican, to its NW. head near Dos Cuernos (2 horns), 4,008 ft. high, which marks the initial point on the Pacific coast where Isa- bela ends and Cagayán begins. Without notable variation it passes lat. 18°, turns to the NE. to form a curve, and takes a W. direction at Point Escarpada. On the coast of Luzon, from this point, are passed the island of Palaui and Cape Engaño, forming a great bay or curve toward the S., where the mouth of the Cagayán Riv. is, and farther to the NW. the mouth of the Pamplona Riv. is seen. It continues to the NE. as far as Point Cabicungan, and at that point to Mayraira, farther to the W., which are the most N. points of Luzon. Between these two points, somewhat nearer the former, is the boundary between Cagayán and Ilocos Norte. Farther on, between Points Dialao and Negra, is seen the bay of Bangui. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are a number of fine roads on the island which connect Manila with remote points and also a railroad which unites the bay of Manila and the gulf of Lingayen, to the N. These are described in the provinces through which they extend. POPULATION AND TOWNS. tion Luzón.) The3,900, occupying thies, 518,000, on the 500, in Pangas pality of Man: 1,663,900, occortant of its nat The population of Luzon and its dependent islands, including its 22 civil and 5 subprovinces and municipality of Manila, under the census of 1887, was 3,727,488, and estimated not counted, distributed among districts of savages. (See Popula- tion Luzón.) The most important of its native races with their estimated population are: Tagálogs, 1,663,900, occupying the provinces of central Luzon and the munici- pality of Manila; the Bícoles or Vícoles, 518,000, on the SE. peninsula of Luzón; Ilocanos, 441,700, in N. and S. Ilocos; Pangasinanes, 365,500, in Pangasinan; Pam- pangos, 337,900, in Pampanga; Cagayanes, 166,300, in Cagayán and Isabela; Igorrotes population not known, but numerous in many of the provinces between Pangasinan and Ambos Camarines; Tinguianes, 16,000, in Lepanto and Abra. Among the infe- rior races and generally uncivilized are the Aetas of Pangasinan and Zambales; Attas of the Pacific coast chain of mountains; Buquils of Zambales; Negritos, generally in the China Sea coast provinces; Apayaos, in the Cordilleras of Ilocos Norte; Balugas in the mountains of Ilocos Norte and Sur, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Pampanga, and Taya- bas; Catalanganes along Ilagan Riy.; Gaddanes in Cagayán; Guinaanes, about 6,000, in Abra; Ibilaos, about 4,000, and Ilongotes, about 4,000, in the Pacific provinces of Príncipe, and the Irayas, about 3,000, in Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, and Cagayán. These races are mentioned in connection with the provinces in which they dwell. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The dependent islands of Luzón, not including those of large area and not included in the provincial organization, number 311, with an area of 1,160 sq. m. The most important of these dependent islands are the Batanes and Babuyanes grps. off the N. coast; Polillo, Calaguas, Catanduanes, San Miguel, Cacraray, Bataan, and Rapu-Rapu off the E. coast; the independent Visayan Is. of Sámar, SE., and Ticao, Burias, Marinduque, Mindoro, and Lubang off the S. and SW. coasts. There are no islands of any dimensions off the W. coast. All these islands which are dependent are described in the provinces to which they belong, and those not dependent in their places in the alphabet. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. All the staples of the archipelago grow in abundance. Hemp (abacá), the most valuable of the exports, is raised in great abundance in the S. provinces of Ambos Camarines, Albay, and Sorsogon. Tobacco is the chief product of Cagayán and 614 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Isabela, sugar in all the central and S. provinces. Coffee is most successfully cultivated in the higher regions of Benguet, Abra, and the surrounding provinces. Rice in Pan- gasinan, Bulacan, and Cavite. All the cereals and vegetables of the United States can be successfully raised in the mountainous regions of N. Luzón. Indigo, copra, and vegetables in large varieties are also grown. The vegetable products will appear more fully in the description of the P. I. and in the provinces in which they are raised. TRE MINERALS. The chief minerals are copper, gold, asphalt, clays, coal, gypsum, iron, kaolin, lead, lithographic stone, marble, rock salt, turpentine, zinc, as will more fully appear in the description of the P. I. and in the provinces in which found. FORESTS. In the forest wealth of the P. I., Luzón holds a conspicuous place. In all the woods useful for house and shipbuilding and cabinet work and other economic and artistic purposes, in addition to which may be added the gum-producing, medicinal, and dye trees and plants. A list of these will be found in the description of the different provinces and also in the general description of the P. I. FRUITS. The cultivated and wild fruit indigenous to the N. zone of the island grow in great abundance and variety. In the mountain provinces of Benguet, Abra, Lepanto, and Luzón generally, the small fruit and nuts of the United States may be successfully grown. Among the native fruits may be mentioned the banana, lanzón (lansón), lemons, manga, oranges, papaya, pineapples, santol, and other species mentioned in the provinces where they grow. INDUSTRIES. advan province has its inich give employmento tide water. Thcopra. The The mechanical industries of the island are chiefly the development, into the advanced forms of manufacture, of the products of the field, forest, soil, and sea. Each province has its industries for home supply, and, in many instances, important staples of commerce, which give employment to the inhabitants, not only in convert- ing the raw material, but in transportation to tide water. This applies particularly to the great staples-hemp, tcbacco, rice, coffee, sugar, and copra. The extensive native coastwise and interisland trade gives rise to building of native river and coast- going craft, and their navigation between the towns along the shore. The grazing of horses, cattle, carabaos is important in many of the provinces. The mechanical industries are almost wholly confined to Manila. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. DIY The possession of the bay of Manila and Cavite, the storming and occupation of the city of Manila and surrender of the colonial authorities of Spain, the maintenance of the status quo under the protocol and the transfer of sovereignty, jurisdiction, and administration were events associated with the island of Luzon, the first in the archipelago which felt the power of the United States, the scene of the earliest mili- tary operations against a turbulent faction, and the base of operations for campaigns of occupation of the other islands. (See General description of the P. I.) WHOSE ShH CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The installation of the machinery of civil government under United States auspices in the Philippines was coincident with the occupation of Luzon and was exploited and extended in scope and area with the progress of the victorious American arms upon that island. The seat of authority of civil government, as well as of military domination of the entire archipelago, representing the supreme jurisdiction of the United States of America, is Luzón. The exercise of civil authority and legislation in the P. I., as a whole, is centered at the city of Manila as its capital, under orders from Washington, to the provinces as subdivisions of the governing author- ity, and to the municipality as the unit of local administration and the constituent body representing the people. The provinces of Luzón described will be found in their places in alphabetical arrangement. nting the people as the unit of as subdivision nila as its GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 615 The following is a list of provinces, the entire island of Luzon being under civil government: Abra. Albay. Ambos Camarines (Norte and Sur). Bataan. Batangas. Benguet Bulacán. Cagayán. Pangasinan. Ilocos (Norte and Sur) Rizal. Isabela. Sorsogon. Laguna. Tárlac. Lepanto-Bontoc. Tayabas. Nueva Ecija. Unión. Nueva Vizcaya. Zambales. Pampanga. Total, 22. Subprovinces of Luzon-continued. Infanta of Tayabas. Principe of Tayabas. Total, 5. Subprovinces of Luzon: Amburayan of Lepanto-Bontoe. Bontoc of Lepanto-Bontoc. Lepanto of Lepanto-Bontoc. Manila municipality. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 617 M . Cebú. MAAG (mah-ag'), ver.; mountain in Leyte, 9 m. MABANGAI (mah-bahng'-i), nat.; summit 535 ft. NW. of Hinunangan. NE. of Súbic, N. shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast MAAGOS (mah-ah'-gos), Tag.; hamlet in pueblo of Zambales, Luzón. of Hagonoy, Bulacan, Luzon. MABATANG (mah-bah-tang'), Tag.; pueblo and MAAGPIT (mah-ag-pit'), ver.; island w. of Bo- p. o. on NW. shore of Manila Bay, in Bataan, hol. Luzon, 4 m. N. of Balanga. Pop., 1,766. MAANÁUL (mah-ah-nah'-ool), ver.; mountain in MABATIGUI (mah-bah-tee'-gee), Tag.; mountain Cebú. in Rizal, Luzon. MAANGÁ (mah-ahn-gah'). ver.; mountain 2 m. N. MABATÔ (mah-bah-toh'), Tag.; point on shore of of Quiot, in extreme SW. part of Leyte. Laguna de Bay, in pueblo of Jalajala, Rizal, Luzón. MAANGIB (mah-ahng-ib'); mountain in SW. - mountain of Polillo I., off Infanta, Luzon. Leyte, 74 m. NE. of Matalom. MAANGID (mah-ahng-eed'), ver.; mountain in MABATOBATÓ (mah-bah-toh-bah-toh'), nat.; pue- blo at S. foot of Isarog Mt., in Ambos Cama- rines (Sur), Luzón, 15 m. SE. of Nueva Cáceres, MÁAO (mah'-ah-oh). ver.; branch of Lagasán on main road. Pop., 849. Riv., Negros Occidental. mountain in Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon. MAÁSIM (mah-ah'-seem), nat.; river on W. coast MABATUÍ (mah-bah-tooy'), ver.; point on W. of Mindoro which empties into sea, 2 m. S. by E. of Iriron. shore of Batán I., Batanes grp. MAASIN (mah-ah'-sin), nat.; pueblo of Leyte, on MABAÚHA (mah-bah-oo-hah), ver.; point in extreme SW. coast, 76 m. ssw. of Tacloban island of Panaón, off SE. coast of Leyte. and 19 m. NE. of mainland of Bohol I. Pop., MABAYABAS (mah-bah-yah-bass), nat.; summit 18,499; Cn. 1887, 14,473. 514 ft. E. by S. of Súbie, N. shore of Subic Bay, -- point on SW. coast of Leyte, in pueblo of SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. same name. MABAYÓ (mah-bah-yoh'), nat.; river emptying - river rising in S. slopes of central mountain in SE. corner of Benariká port, SE. shore of. range, in S. Leyte, flows S. and enters sea 1) Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzon. m. E. of town of same name. MABAYÚAN (mah-bah-yool-ahn), nat.; summit inlet in S. Leyte. (384 ft.) on r. bank of Calaclan Riv., NE. shore of Súbie Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, - hamlet in Bulacan, Luzón, 16 m. W. of Luzón. Bulacán. MABGUBAN (mahb-goof-bahn), nat.; river enter- - town in central Iloilo, Panay, on tribu- ing SE. angle of Barrera port, E. of Sibuca tary to S. branch of Jalaur Riv., 18 m. NW. of Pt., NE. coast of Masbate, Visayas. Iloilo. Pop., 9,674. MABIAO (mah-bee-ahl-aw), ver.; river and moun- -- river in Bohol. tain in Leyte. MAATÚBANG (mah-ah-tool-bang), ver.; hamlet in MABILOG (mah-beel-log), nat; hamlet on E. E. Cápiz, Panay, 31 m. SE, of Dumar. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. SE. of Calvo. MAAYOCOC (mah-ah-yoh-cock'), ver.; mountain MABINTAN (mah-bin'-tahn), ver.; mountain in SW. Leyte, 4 m. E. of Ormoc. 1,614 ft. high to E. of Maibún (Maimbun) MAAYON (mah-ah'-yohn), nat.; pueblo and river and NE. by E. of Parang Pt., SW. shore of in Cápiz, Panay. Pop., 1,616. Sulu I., Sulu A. MABABA (mah-bah'-bah), nat.; one of Cuatro grp. MABIÓ (mah-beeoh'), Tag.; hamlet in pueblo of off W. coast of Leyte, opposite Inopacan. Angat, Bulacan, Luzon MABÁBOG (mah-bah'-bog), ver.; mountain in E. - point on SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, lat. Pangasinan, Luzón. 13° 44' 30" N. MABAC (mah-back'), ver.; island | sq.m. in area, - point on S. coast of Tayabas, Luzon. 14 m. off NW. point of Fuga I., and with it MABITAC (mah-beel-tack), Tag.; pueblo in La- forming anchorage in Babuyanes grp. (See guna, Luzón. Pop., 1,431. Musa Bay.) MABADIS (mah-bah'-dis), ver.: island of Bachi MABÔ (mah-boh'), ver.; creek in Marinduque I. (Baschi) cluster of Batanes grp., lying 7 m. - river in Samar, flowing to W. and empty. NNE. from N. end of Ibayat I., 1 m. NE. and ing into sea opposite island of Puerto or SW. Area, 1 sq.m. Channel between it and Dalupiri. Siayán I., 1 m. SSW., is unsafe on account of -hamlet on river of same name on W. coast detached rocks. of Sámar. MABAGON (mah-bah'-gawn), ver.; mountain in SW. Leyte, near coast, 5 m. S. of Baybay. MABOA (mah-boh'-ah), nat.: island of Babuyanes MABAHAG (mah-bah-hag'), nat.; islet off NE. grp. (q.v.), off N, coast of Cagayán, Luzón. shore of Leyte, 2 m. NW. of Malibago. - point at mouth of Matiao Riv., SE. of Mati, MABAJO (mah-bah'-hoh), nat.; mountain in N. shore of Pujada Bay, SE. coast of Davao, Mindanao. Mindoro. MABALÁCAT (mah-bah-lah'-caht), ver.; pueblo MABOC (mah-bock'), ver.: stream entering sea on main road in Pampanga, Luzón, 16 m. N. 8. shore of Guimarás Strait, 1 m. E. of Caua. of Bacolor. Pop., 10,600. yan, Negros Occidental. MABALAN (mah-bah'-lahn), Tag.; point on W. MABOLO (mah-boh'-loh), nat.: hamlet on W. shore of Manila Bay, in Bataan, Luzón. coast of Cebu, 6 m. sw. of Tuburan. MABANGÂ (mah-bahng-ah'), nat.; mountain in - summit 318 ft. NE. of Súbic, N, shore of Pangasinan, Luzón. Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. 618 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 3,000. 0 0 gued. MABOLO; town on N. coast of Cebú channel, 11 m. | MACAJALAR; estuary on N. coast of Mindanao I. N. of Cebú, on E. coast of Cebú. Pop., 6,000, MACAJILA (mah-cah-heel-lah), nat.; hamlet on estimated. SW. coast of Leyte, 6 m. SE. of Albuera. MABÓLOG (mah-boh-log), ver.; point in Sibuyan MACAJUCAD (mah-cah-hooh-cahd'), ver.; cascade I., of Romblon grp. in Ulut Riv., Sámar, between Cabunga and MALIGO, or SATÚBIG (mah-lee'-go, sah-toof-big), Diit of same river. nat.; town and perfectly landlocked anchor MACALABÁ (mah-cah-lah-bah'), ver.; island off age in E. extremity of Dumanquilas Bay and coast of Zambales, Luzon, at entrance to E. end of S. shore of Zamboanga, Mindanao. channel leading to port Matalví. Deep water close to beach and small stone pier. Harbor is one of best in islands, with MACALATE (mah-cah-lah'-tay), ver.; point in from 12 fms. at anchorage to 40 fms. well off Zambales, Luzón. shore and no shoals in track. MACALAYA (mah-cah-lah'-yah), ver.; hamlet on MABUGNAO (mah-boog-now'), nat.; point on S. NW.shore of entrance to Sorsogon port, Sor- shore of Murciélagos Bay, N. coast of Dapitan, sogón, Luzón. Mindanao, W. of Narburos I. MACALAYO (mah-cah-lah'-yoh), nat.; island off MABUÍ (mah-bwee'), ver.; mountain in Biliran I., E. coast of Sámar. off N. coast of Leyte. MACALELON (mah-cah-lay-lohn'), Tag.; pueblo MABULUSAN (mah-boo-loo'-sahn), nat.; peak in at mouth of Balcayaguín Riv., S. coast of Caraballos Occidentales, Abra, Luzón. Tayabas, Luzón, 4 m. from Tayabas. Pop., MABUNGAN (mah-boong'-ahn), nat.; hamlet on MACALINO (mah-cah-lee'-noh), yer.; point on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 44 m. N. of Tibiao. - hamlet on channel between large bay on Buad I., off W. coast of Sámar. NE. shore of Polillo I., off Infanta, E. coast MACALISON (mah-cah-lee'-sohn), nat.; island off Luzón, opposite Cabaluâ I. W. coast of Panay, lat. 11° 25' 30" N MABUNTOT (mah-boon-tot'), nat.; hamlet on r. an | MACALONGO (mah-cah-lawng'-oh), ver.; moun- bank of Abra Riv., in Abra, 6 m. W. of Ban- tain in Sámar. MACAMBOL (mah-cam-ball'), ver.; town on W. -- mountain in W. Abra. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, 37 m. SE. of Davao; town of similar name lies on MABUNTUC (mah-boon-took'), nat.; hamlet in SW. shore of port Valete, 5 m. across SE, of pueblo of Pidigan, Abra, Luzon. Mindanao Pen. MABÚSAO (mah-boo-sah-00), ver.; river in Panay. - point on S. side of Pujada Bay, E. coast of MACAÁBUT (mah-cah-ah-boot), nat.; river in Mindanao. On this part of coast are plan- Sámar emptying on SE. coast. tations of cocoanuts and plátanos. MACAAS (mah-cah-ass'), ver.; hamlet on NW. MACANAO (mah-cah-now'), ver.; small stream shore of Bohol, 3 m. E. of Tubigon. emptying into Magat Riv. near its outlet, Isa- MACABABAY (mah-cah-bah-by'), ver.; point in S. bela, Luzón. Zambales, Luzón. MACANGANI (mah-cahn-gah'-nee), ver.; island 2 MACABALAN (mah-cah-bah-lahn), nat.; point N. m. long, Off E. coast of Mindanao, 11 m. S. of of anchorage of Cagayan de Misamis, Min- Cáuit Pt. danao. MACANTUY (mah-cahn-tooy'), ver.; small river MACABALO (mah-cah-bah'-loh), nat.; hamlet on emptying on N. shore Balayán Bay, Sw.coast 1. bank of river of same name in pueblo of of Batangas. Magálang, Pampanga, Luzón. MACAO, (mah-cow'), ver.; hamlet near tributary MACABAR (mah-cah-bar'), ver.; hamiet in pueblo of Ilog Riv., 4 m. S. of Cabancalán, Negros of Gúbat, Sorsogón, Luzón. Occidental. MACABASA (mah-cah-bah-sah), nat.; point on point in E. Mindanao, due NW. coast of Romblon at S. head to Romblon MACAONAN (mah-cah-oh-nahn), ver.; point on port from S. E. coast of Davao, Mindanao, S. by W. of MACABEBE (mah-cah-bay-bay), nat.; pueblo at Tumadgo Pt., entrance to Pujada Bay. head of Pampanga Delta in Pampanga, Lu- MACAPAGA (mah-cah-pah-gah), ver.; islet on E. cón, 6 m. SE. of Bacolor. Pop., 10,400. side of entrance to Nano Bay, Masbate I., river in pueblo of same name, Pampanga, Visayas. SOS Luzón. MACAPAT (mah-cah-pat'), nat.; cascade on Ulut MACABUÁN (mah-cah-boo-ahn'), nat.; hamlet in a Riv., Sámar, between Hagisagan and Dacun. Cápiz, Panay, 1 m. S. of Panitan. MACAPDOS (mah-cap-dos'), ver.; point on SW. MACABUG (mah-cah-boog'), ver.; mountain in coast of Semerara I., Sulu Sea, SE. of Min- SE. Sámar. doro. MACABUHAO (mah-cah-boo-how'), yer.; moun- MACAPÍLAI, or MACAPILAO (mah-cah-pee'-lie, tain in SE. Sámar, 8 m. SW. of Hernani. mah-cah-pee-lah'-aw); point on W. coast of MACAGA (mah-cah-gah'), ver.; hamlet on 1. bank Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol. d of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., in SW. Sámar. - hamlet of pueblo of Siquijor, on island of MACAGÁN (mah-cah-gahn'), ver.; river of Negros Siquijor, sw. of Bohol, Visayas. Occidental, entering Guimarás Strait at Silay. MACAPÍLAT (mah-cah-pee'-lie), Tag.: hamlet in MACAGUAYAG (mah-kah-goo-ah-yag/), ver.; bay Bulacán, Luzon, on main road, 19 m. N. of immediately S. of Nin Bay (q. v.), Masbate Bulacán. I., Visayas. MACAR (mah-car'), ver.; town on w. shore of MACAGUIT (mah-cah-geet'), ver.; point on sea- Sarangani Bay, S. Dávao, Mindanao, 81 m. S. ward shore of peninsula, forming division be- by W. of Dávao. No soundings until within tween Imurúan and Malampaya bays, W. 100 yds. off shore and then 17 fms. coast of Paragua, Palawan. MACARAGUI (mah-cah-rah'-gee). ver.: island off MACAHILAG (mah-cah-hee'-lag), ver.; mountain NE. coast of Masbate, Visayas, lat. 12° 15' N. near W. coast of Leyte, 8 m. SE. of Albuera. MACARATÔ (mah-cah-rah-toh'), ver.; point on MACAÍNA (mah-cah-ee'-nah), ver.; islet 7 m. NW. SE. shore of San Pedro Bay, SW. Sámar, 12 m. of Ubay, NE. coast of Bohol. SE. of Basey. MACAJALAR (mah-cah-hah-lar'), ver.; extensive | MACARENA (mah-cah-ray’-nah). Sp.; hamlet in bay open to NW. between Gorda and Sulauang Antique, Panay, 6 m. sw. of Valderrama. Pts., 21 m, and 184 m. deep to the SE., on N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. Number of | MACARIBAO (mah-cah-ree-bah'-aw), ver.; river towns along its shore. in Negros. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 619 M ore TWITT ER MA Loganlon s Rogue. M.Balat ucan, Balingusay y Concepcion here .bulantan BAHIA DE S MACAJALAR. Solana tiguit, บion, uera Salvador ds.martin. 130 GUSA Minisoro Apuseni. Tagaloan. SITE: R Nurulan. 1 Tomalta Culipayant. 117 he ( 1°Tanculan.R.Marquinia, K.Balas. RAmusie. OP 2011 Rio Cagayan Pimaa) Sumilao. R.Dumal impasugar * harajalar hay nisamis Chindue. John M.Duutt, St.Lt.281m. U.S.V Dec.15.19*0. Scale Miles. 620 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MACASÁLOG (mah-cah-sah'-log), nat., tributary MACTAN (mac-tahn'), ver.; coral island 8 to 10 of Ilog Riv., Negros Occidental. ft. above sea level, 10, m. E. and W., and 4 m. MACASÍLAO (mah-cah-seel-lah-aw), nat.; tribu- N. and S. off Cebú, from which it is separated tary from N. of Gilubang Riv., entering on by sea channel 1 to 2 m. wide. Also forms NE. coast of Negros Oriental. seaward shelter of port of Cebú. On its N. point, fronting entrance to sea channel be- - mountain in Negros Occidental, 10 m. N. tween Cebú and Bohol, is monument to of Calatrava, memory of death of Magellanes in 1521, MACASUNGIAO (mah-cah-soon-hee-ah'-oh), nat.; the discoverer of the P. I., who was killed island off SW. coast of Sámar. in that year in skirmish with natives. MACATÁN (mah-cah-tahn'), ver.; hamlet on W. Harbor light is exhibited on N. extreme of coast of Antique, Panay, 1, m. S. of San Pe- island visible 7 m. Island is covered with dro. mangroves and higher parts with cocoanut plantations. Channel between Mactan and MACATÍ (mah-cah-tee!), nat.; island 3 m. off E. Olango is 14 m. wide, clear and deep. Opón coast of Sámar, opposite Túbig town. is town on island. MACATIRA (mah-cah-teel-rah), ver.; island off MACTAON (mac-tah-ohn'), ver.; mountain in S. coast of Zambales, Luzón. central Sámar in which Yalasan Riv. takes MACATÔ (mah-cah-toh'), ver.; pueblo of Cápiz, its rise, 10 m. W. of Borongan. Panay, 30 m. WNW. of Cápiz on 1. bank of MACTION (mac-tee-ohn'); island near Buad I., W. river emptying on N. coast 3 m. distant. coast of Sámar. Pop., 10,136. MACUGIL (mah-coo-hill'), ver.; point on S. shore MACATUL (mah-cah-tool'), nat.; point E. shore of entrance to Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Luzón. Barrera port, NE. coast Masbate, Visayas. Peak, 1,171 ft. high, lies inland about 1} m. MACULABO (mah-coo-lah-boh), ver.; loftiest of Calaguas Is., off NE. coast of Ambos Cama- - cascade in Ulut Riv., Sámar, between Buac rines, Luzón, visible at sea 24 m. and Lumbujan Riv., emptying into Ulut, former to S. and latter to E. of cascade. MACULÍ (mah-coo-lee!), ver.; hamlet on SW. coast of Davao, Mindanao, 2 m. inland from MACATURÍN (mah-cah-too-reen'), ver.; active Pola Pt., 1054 m. SW. of Dávao, lies between volcano in N. Cotabato, highest point of Ran- 2 important rivers on coast. gayan Mts. in Sugut range, lat. 7° 36' N., lon. 124° 26' E., in territory of Buhayen, MACULMACUL (mah-cool-mah-cool'),; near La- about 25 m. from Polloc, Mindanao. Maca- guán I., N. coast of Sámar. Vessels drawing turín, in former times, gave evidence of ac- 14 ft. may enter and anchor m. E. of Livás Pt. tivity, throwing out enormous masses of ig- in 7 fms. neous rock, such as are now seen in port of MACUPAO (mah-coo-pah'-oh), ver.; mountain in Polloc. (Also Polloc, Sujut or Illana.) N. elevations of central range of Negros, 16 MACAUILI (mah-cah-wel-lee), nat.; summit at N. m. E. of Calatrava, on NE. coast of Negros end of central range of Negros, 16) m. WNW. Occidental of Calatrava, E. coast. MADALAG (mah-dah-lag'), nat.; hamlet in E. MACAULIT (mah-cah-oo'-lit), nat.; river in Min- Iloilo, Panay, 4 m. NW. by N. of Barótac Viejo. doro. MACAVAYAN, or MACAUAYAN (mah-cah-vah'- - pueblo 27 m. WSW. of Cápiz, Panay, at head of inland lake 3 m. long. This lake yan, mah-cah-whah'-yan), Tag.; river in Ca- forms part of channel of Acdan Riv., rising vite, Luzon, tributary to Lipâ. higher up in Macosolón Mts., flowing N., MAC CROHON, for.; pueblo and road center on S. having on its shore 5 large towns, besides side of Leyte, 79 m. S. of Tacloban and well many hamlets, and emptying into sea 3. m. situated on lines of steamer and sail traffic by NE. of Calivo. Pop., 2,684. Surigao Strait, on W. sea channel route to MADÁLIG (mah-dah'-lig), nat.; hamlet in pueblo Manila. Pop., 5,780. of Magsingal, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. MACHIBAT (mack-hee'-baht), nat.; point on NE. MADALIPAY (mah-dah-lee'-pie), hamlet on l. shore of Camiguin I., of Babuyanes grp., off bank of Abra Riv., 9 m. SE. of Bangued. N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. MADÁLOG (mah-dah'-log), nat.; point on NW. MACINCOLA (mah-thin-coh'-lah), ver.; islet of coast of Dapitan, Mindanao, 11 m. SW. by S. Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A., lat. 5° 27' N. of Blanca Pt., W. head of bay SW. of Dapitan MACINIT (mah-see-nit), nat.; cluster of islets Bay. on E, entrance head to Usón port, S. shore MADALONOT (mah-dah-loh-naught'), nat.; vil- of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp. lage and point S. of Catbalogan, W. shore of MACLAYANAS (mah-clah-yah'-nas), ver.; point 2 Sámar. m. S. of Liloan, NW. coast of Panaón I., off MADÁN (mah-dahn'), nat.; river entering on SE. SE. coast of Leyte. shore of Malamaui road, N. shore of Basilan, MACLAYAO (mah-clah-yah'-oh), Tag.; mountain S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. Peak, 807 ft. in Tayabas, Luzón. high, rises SE. of river. MACOLOC (mah-coh-lock'). nat.. hamlet on 1. | MADANAG (mah-dah'-nag). ver.; hamlet on 1. bank of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., in SW.Sámar. bank of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv. in SW. Sámar. MACOLOD (mah-coh-laud'), Tag.; peak 3,200 ft. MADANG (mah-dang'). ver.; mountain on Daram high in front of Taal volcano, on W. coast of Lake Bombón, Batangas, Luzón. I., off W. coast of Sámar. - point on W. coast of Sámar, opposite MACOSOLÓN (mah-coh-soh-lawn'), ver.; moun Daram I. tain on W. boundary of Cápiz, Panay, 4,363 ft. | MADAON (mah-dah'-ohn), nat.; S. of 4 peaks SE. high, one of loftiest summits of main W. of Broken Head, E. shore Ulugan Bay, W. range of Panay, 7 m. S. of Libacao. coast of Paragua, Palawan. MACOTÓ (mah-coh-toh'), point s. of Pasacao | MADAUM (mah-dah'-oom), ver.; river and an- anchorage, E. shore of Ragay Bay, Ambos chorage, in S. Mindanao. Camarines (Sur), Luzón. Of moderate height; MADEREÑA (mah-day-ray'-nyah), Sp.; mountain islet lies to SE. and hamlet 3 m. SW. of Salal, E. central MACOTÓ, or CAMANHALA (mah-coh-toh', cah- Sámar. mahn-hah-lah), ver.; creek and point in W. MADIAÁS (mah-dee-ah-ass'), ver.; mountain in Albay, Luzón. Antique, Panay, on boundary with Cápiz, one of loftiest elevations of W. range of Pa- MAC-QUIT (mac-kit), ver.; mountain on E. coast nay, one of its summits 4 m. to W., 7,152 it. of Iloilo, Panay, SE. of Banate, 2m. high, 13 m. W. of Tibiao. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 621 Luzón. MADIAC (mah-dyack'), ver.; mountain in Panay. | MAGALANG (mah-gah-lang), nat.; point on E. MADIDIS, or CAMASUSU (mah-dee-dis, cah-mah- shore of Balayán Bay, SW. coast of Batangas, SOO'-soo), ver.; island in Nin Bay, Masbate I., Visayas. - road center and pueblo in Pampanga, Lu- MADILAO (mah-dee-lah'-aw), nat.; point 31 m. zón, 14 m. N. of Bacolor. Pop., 8,262 SW. of Bilan Pt., forming with latter bay MAGALDÁN (mah-gahl-dahn'), nat.; hamlet on extending inshore about 1 m. and affording Angatatan Riv., in Pangasinan, Luzón. anchorage sheltered from NE. to SW. Shore MAGALIT (mah-gah-leet'), nat.: estuary formed from this point to Butúan Bay is parallel in- on Manila Bay by rivers Pandacaquit and land by W. slope of 2 ranges of lofty moun- Balayán, Pampanga, Luzón. tains, Town of Anauauon on S. shore of bay. MAGALLANES (mah-gah-lyah'-nays), Sp.; bay in MADRE, SIERRA (see-ay'-rrah mah'-dray), Sp.; NW. Sibuyán I., Romblon, Visayas. oue of names of Gran Cordillera of Luzón. MADRÉPORA (mah-dray'-poh-rah), Sp.; point at - point in S. Batangas, Luzon. N. end of Coral Bay, extreme SE. coast of - pueblo on E. side of outer entrance to port Palawan. Sorsogón, in Sorsogon, Luzón. Pop., 2,377. MADRIDEJOS (mah-dree-day'-hose), Sp.; pueblo - point on bay on W. coast of Batangas, in Cebu. Luzón. MADÚLAG (mah-doo'-lahg), nat.; hamlet in pue- - hamlet on NE. coast of Negros Oriental, 11 blo of Banga, Cápiz, Panay. m. NW. of Arguelles. MADULANGO (mah-doo-lang'-oh), ver.; town in - pueblo on N. coast of Sibuyan I. of Rom- Abra, Luzón, 16 m. E. of Bangued. blón grp., Visayas. Pop., 1,055. MADULDALEG (mah-dool-dah-leg'), ver.; moun- - pueblo in Cavite, Luzón, 25 m. SW. of Ca- tain in Ilocos Norte, Luzón. vite. Pop., 1,200. MADUNGAN (mah-doon'-gahn), nat.: mountain MAGALLON (mah-gah-lyon'), Sp.: town in Ne- of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, lat. 18° 3' 30" N. gros Occidental. MADUNPASÁN (mah-doon-pah-sahn'), ver.; ham- MAGALO (mah-gah'-loh), ver.; point in Leyte. let in mountains of E. Misamis, Mindanao, MAGAMÁNOC (mah-gah-mah'-nok), Tag.; town in one of great bends of Pulangui Riv., 5 m. in NE. part of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, N. of Lepanto. Luzón, at mouth of river on W. shore of port MAEBATÓ, or MALBATÓ (mah-ay-bah-toh', mahl of same name. bah-toh'), nat.; village on S. shore of Bu MAGAMÁNOK, or BAGAMÁNOK (mah-gah-mah'- suanga I., Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, nock, bah-gah-mah'-nock), Tag.; port on NE. Palawan. Usón I. lies in front of port giving coast of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzón, shelter from S. with 2 anchorages-S. between Panay I. and MAEMBÍS (mah-em-bis') ver.; river of Laguna, Anajao Pt., N. at S. end of channel between Minigil Pt. and off Panay I. opposite town of Luzón, rising in mountains of Majayjay and emptying into river of Pagsanjan (or Pag- Magamánoc; 2 small islands lie in entrance sanhán). SW. of Panay I. MAESTRE DE CAMPO (mah-ays-tray day cam'- MAGÁN (mah-gahn'), ver.; hamlet on E. shore poh), Sp.; W. island of Romblon grp., Visayas. of small bay on S. coast of Leyte, 3 m. 8. of Mérida. - island 13 m. from SE. shore of lofty prom- ontory formed by Dumali Mt., in Mindoro, of MAGANGAN (mah-gang'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in circular form, 37 m. in diameter, mountainous Benguet, Luzon, 9 m. NE. of Trinidad. and thickly wooded, with very steep shores. MAGANO (mah-gah'-noh), nat.; islet in waters Summit of Maestre de Campo, when seen from between Palápag and Lagúan channels, off E., appears like ridge, with 3 distinct hillocks NE. coast of Sámar. 700 ft. high. Port Concepción on SE. side MAGAOGAO (mah-gah-oh-gah'-oh), ver.; town in is principal anchorage, gm. wide at mouth, district of Itaves, Luzón. between San Martin and Fernández Pts. MAGAPU (mah-gah-poo), nat.; point on NE. Tongue of land divides it into 2 bays. On W. most is anchorage for small vessels in 60 shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. ft, in front of town of Concepción. On ex- In small bight, m. to E. of point, is an- treme S. point, 13 m. SW. of Pt. Concepción chorage. Near mouth of river entering or de Sibali. Island lies in sea channel off near by is Moro settlement. Balete Pt., and is conspicuous landmark to MAGÁRAO (mah-gah-rah-aw.), nat.; pueblo in vessels making passage between E. and N. Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon, on main coasts of Mindoro, Tablas, and Marinduque road, 4 m. N. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 5,744. Is., and S. shore of Batangas, Luzon, Verde I. MAGASAN (mah-gah-sahn), ver.; N. tributary of being landmark in latter on inside voyage be- Gilubang Riv., Negros Occidental, emptying tween Manila and S. islands of archipelago. into sea at Calatrava on NE. coast, MAGAAN (mah-gah-ahn') nat.: town on Sw.coast MAGASÁUANG - TÚBIG (mag-ah-sah'-wang-too'. of Albay, Luzón, 19 m. SW. of Albay. big), Tag.; river in Mindoro, takes N. course MAGAÁYAO (mug-ah-ah'-yah-aw), nat., mountain and empties on NE. coast. in Biliran, off NW. coast of Leyte. MAGASO (ma-gah-soh'), nat.; volcanic mountain in Sierra de Dumaguete range, near town of MAGABA (mah-gah'-bah), ver.; hamlet on S. Bacon, on SE. coast of Negros Oriental. coast of W. Antique, Panay, 6 m. W. of volcano and hamlet at its E. base in SE. Pandán. Negros Oriental. Volcano stands 11 m. SW. MAGÁBAO (mah-gah'-bah-oh), ver., island in of Dumaguete, 10 m. W. of Bacon, and 9 m. shore, S. of opening of small bay, 11 m. SE. NW. of Dauin. Lat 9° 15' N., lon. 123° 9' E. of Tandá Pt., E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, MAGAT (mah-gat'), ver.; NW. of 2 important - point on extreme SE. coast of Negros Orien headwaters of Grande de Cagayan Riv. tal, 1 m. S. of Dauin. Source in Caraballo Sur Mts., and 15 m. from its source becomes river of im. in width. MAGABUN (mah-gah-boon). ver.; point in Bili Bayombong, capital of Nueva Vizcaya, is on ran I., off NW, coast of Leyte. its 1. bank and 21 m. below that point it en- ters Isabela, flowing across its SE. corner, and MAGAGILAN (mah-gah-heel-lahn), nat; islet off joins Grande de Cagayan Riv.9 m. above lla- Macatul Pt., SE. shore of Barrera port, Mas. gan. bate, Visayas. MAGATALIJAN (mah-gah-tah-leel-hahn), ver.; MAGAI (mah-gi'), nat.; village on n. shore of islet 11 m. off N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 4 m. Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. NW. of Pirara Pt. 622 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MAGÁTAO (mah-gah'-tah-oh), ver.; town 3 m. S. MAGLUBUN (mag-loo-boon'), ver.; point on E. of Santo Domingo de Basco, on W. shore of coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 41 m. S. by W. Batán J.; port suitable for small vessels. of Buan Pt.; 10 m, N. of boundary between MAGAÚHAN (mah-gah-00%-bahn), ver.; river in Surigao and Davao and Mayo Bay. Several villages stand on this part of coast, which is Leyte. much exposed to sea. MAGAY (mah-gi'), ver.; headland of approach to Lila on S. coast of Bohol. - hamlet near point of same name, E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 206 m. SSE. of Surigao. MAGBOBOCÁS (mag-boh-boh-cas'), nat.; moun- tain in central range of Negros Occidental, 10 MAGLUMBÁ (mag-loom-bah'), ver.; small island 123 ft. high, off Maniakola I., and in narrow- m. E. of Cabancalán. est part of Tapaán Passage, Tapul grp., Sulu A. MAGCANÁUAY (mahg-cah-nah'-wi), nat.; village MAGMATAONG (mag-mah-tah-ong'), ver.; moun- and creek on SW. shore of Maloro bay, W. tain in SE. Sámar. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. MAGDALENA (mag-dah-lay'-nah), Sp.; pueblo in MAGMANÚA (mag-mah-noo'-ah), ver.; monntain Laguna, Luzón. Country is hilly. It has and point on W. shore of Libás port, E. coast of high roads leading to Santa Cruz, Majayjay, Sámar. Lilio and Nagcarlán. Pop., 2,352. MAGNOC (mahg-nock'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of - pueblo on NW. shore of Masbate I., Visayas, Bulusan, Sorsogon, Luzón. 9 m. NW. of Masbate I. Pop., 971. MAGOISÍ (mah-goh-ee-see'), ver.; most N. islet -port on NE. shore of Masbate I., Visayas, at of group,5 m. off E. coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 7 m. NE. of San Dionisio. Channel head of bay SW. of Bagubaúd Pt. 1 m. wide separates it from Pan de Azúcar - hamlet in extreme SW. Antique, Panay, on s. 5 m. E. of Anini-y. MAGOLÓ (mah-goh-loh'), nat.; volcano in Dávao, -- pueblo in Ambos Camarines, Luzón. Pop., Mindanao, lat. 6° 19' N., lon. 125° 6' E. 2,352. MAGPAJO (mahg-pah'-how), nat.; cascade in MAGDAMÓ (mag-dah-moh'), nat., hamlet on r. Ulut Riv., Sámar, N. of Loquilocón. bank of W. branch of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., in SW. Sámar. MAGPEOS (mag-pay-ohs), ver.; island S. of Bu- buán, in waters between l'apaán and Sigboye MAGDANGAR (mahg-dahng-ahr'), nat.; point passages between Célebes and Sulu seas. NW.shore SW. arm of Barrera port, NE. coast Perfect cone 418 ft. high, 22 m. ENE. of Tawi Masbate I., Visayas. Tawi I., N. of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. MAGDAYAO (mag-dah-yah-oh), ver.; hamlet on MAGPIT (mag-pit'), ver.; islet 3 m. NE. of Tubi- r. bank of Initan, in Antique, Panay, 2, m. SE. gon, on NW. coast of Bohol. of Sibalom. MAG POG (mag-pog'), ver.; town in Mindoro. MAGDIUATA (mag-dee-wah'-tah), ver.; mountain in E. coast range of Surigao, Mindanao. Wa MAGSAJON (mag-sah'-hohn), ver.; hamlet on SW. ters of Dugán Riv. on E. slope enter Bislig coast of Sámar, 1 m. SE. of Santa Margarita. Bay on E. coast, streams on W. slope being MAGSALIN (mag-sah'-lin), nat.; point on S. shore tributary to Agusán, which empties on N. of Guimarás Strait, 3 m. W. of Cauayan, Ne- coast and w. side of Mindanao. gros Occidental. MAGDOC (mag-dock'), ver.; mountain in Cebú. MAGSANGÁ (mag-sang-ah'), nat.; mountain in MAGDUÁ (mahg-dooh-ah'), nat.; point on NE. W. Leyte, 4 m. ESE. of Palompón. coast of Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón. MAGSAYAO (mag-sah-yah'-oh), nat.; mountain in MAGDUNGAO (mag-doong-ah-oh), ver.; moun- Biliran I., off NW. coast of Leyte. tain in E. Iloilo, Panay, ENE. of Passi 7 m. MAGSINGAL (mag-seen-gahl'), ver.; pueblo in MAGEARAGUI (mah-hay-a h-rah-gee),ver.; island Ilocos Sur, Luzón. Pop., 8,446. on N. side of S. middle channel, between MAGSÚBAY (mag-soo-bye), ver.; mountain in E. Ticao and Masbate Is., Visayas. Black rock Mindanao.. forming N. side of this channel. MAGSUJUN (mahg-soof-hoon), nat.; hamlet on MAGINASU (mah-hee-nah-soo), ver.; point in SW. coast of Sámar. Leyte. MAGSUNGAN GRANDE (mag-soong'-ahn grahn'- MAGINOC (mah-hee-nock'), nat.; hamlet at foot day), Hisp.; river emptying into Guimarás of peak 5,338 ft. high on E. coast of Camiguín Strait, 2 m. S. of Bacolod, Negros Occidental. I., off N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. It car- MAGTAON (mahg-tah-ohn'), nat.; mountain of ries on active native trade. Pop., 4,111. Sámar, in lat. 11° 43' 30". SW. sources of MAGLABABÓN, or MAGLAGABÁN (mag-lah-bah Yubasan Riv. have their origin on NE. slope bohn', mag-lah-gah-bahn'), ver.; point on of this mountain. NW. coast of Sámar. MAGTULINOG (mahg-too-lee-nog'), ver., narrow MAGLABÁN (mag-lah-bahn'), nat.; point on coast tongue of land on which are several flat- of Zambales, Luzón. crowned rocks, W. coast of Cebú, S. of Remi- MAGLABIT (mag-lah-bit), ver., point in E. Min- gio. danao. MAGUAO (mah-gwah'-aw), nat.; village and river MAGLAKOB (mag-lah-cob'), ver.; town of Pan- on SE. coast of Mindoro, SW. of Bulalacao Bay. gutarang I. that group Sulu A. on E. side of island. MAGÓBAY. (mah-gool-bī), ver.: hamlet in pueblo MAGLALABON (mag-lah-lah-bohn), nat.; point of Catarman, Sámar, 1; m. S. of Oquendo. on SW. coast of Sámar. MAGUDAYAN (mah-goo-dah'-yahn), ver.; hamlet on S. shore of Lake Lanao, or Malanao, MAGLÁN (mag-lahn'); town in Marinduque. short distance E. of river connecting this MAGLIBAOLIBÁS (mag-lee-bah-oh-lee-bas'). ver.: larger sheet of water with small Lake Tapao, mountain on boundary between Negros 3 m. to s. | MAGUEYMEY (mah-gay-may'), ver.; hamlet in lalud. Lepanto, Luzón. Pop., 118. MAGLITAD (mag-lee'-tahd), nat.; river in Samar, emptying into sea near Libás. MAGUICAN (mah-gee'-cahn), ver.; point in S. MAGLOLOB (mahg-loh-lohb'), nat.; village NW. Mindanao. of Lucsón (Logsoon) Pt., and in pueblo and | MAGUIGTIG (mah-geeg-teeg'), Tag.: point on NE. W. of Balangiga, S. shore Sámar, Visayas. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. MAGLOOTGAN (mahg-loh-oht'-gahn), nat.; islet | MAGUÍLAT (mah-gee'-laht). Tag.; mountain in of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. Batangas, Luzón. 3 m GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 623 LOREM ITT O Autor: M ade TEBE D EINE STORE Provod- TOUTERU Fax b ody 50 ron THOUT pt Panda, Runde Osteg u but not por lo A) AANTAL TO OSMAN 20 oder AEAE STR8 10th LOTTO PIATTdin I. os 10 pt riga TOUS VOS TADO GULF OF MAGNOK Juak I Magnok, kl 12.36JO IT. 124.6.45.E. BORONG (See Matnog.) THE 624 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MAGUINALEM (mah-gee-nah-lem'), ver.; peak in Caraballos Occidentales, in Abra and Ilocos Sur, Luzón. MAGUINAO (mah-gee-now'), Tag.; river in pueblo of Bauan, Batangas, Luzón, flows S. and empties into Bay of Batangas S. of pueblo named. MAGUINAYA (mah-gee-nah'-yah), nat.: river emptying on NE. shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. MAGUINDALEN (mah-geen-dah'-layn), ver.; ham- let in pueblo of Piddig, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. MAGUINOC (mah-gee-nock'), Tag.: hamlet in Bulacán, Luzón, 15. m. N. of Bulacán. MAGÚLANG (mah-good-lahng), nat.; pueblo of former comandancia of Quiangan, now part of Lepanto, Luzón. MAGULIAP (mah-goo-lyap'), Tag.; mountain in Batangas, Luzón. MAGULLIGUÍAN (mah-goo-lyee-gee'-ahn), ver.; S. point of Linaon Bay, on sw. coast of Negros Occidental, 7 m. N. of Inayauan. MAGÚN (mah-goon'), ver.; hamlet on S. shore of S. entrance channel to Pujada Bay, E. coast of Davao, Mindanao. Summit 787 ft. rises in vicinity. - point E. of Macambol Pt., where there is poor anchorage exposed to sea. MAGUSÁ, or MAGUSÁN (mah-goo-sah', mah-goo- sahn'), nat.; hamlet of Zamboanga, Minda- nao, at extreme N. point of Dumanquilas Bay, 88 m. NE. of Zamboanga. MAHABA (mah-hah-bah) (means long), nat.; islet of Cuatro grp., off W. coast of Leyte, 8 m. W. of Inopacan. -island 4 m. S. of Catbalogan in midchannel entering Maqueda Bay from NW., off W. coast of Sámar. MAHABANGLÚBID (mah - hah-bang-loo'-bid) (means long cord), Tag., hamlet of N. Panay, Cápiz 2) m. SW. of Malinao. MAHABONGANPULE (mah - hah-bong-ahn-pool- lay). ver.: hamlet in Cápiz, N. coast of Panay, 3 m. N. of Ivisan. MAHACOP (mah-hah-cop'); hamlet on W. shore of Sámar, 6 m. NW. of Catbalogan. MAHAGONÁS(mah-hah-goh-nass'). ver.; river, one of mouths of Pampanga delta emptying into Manila Bay. MAHALACÁ (mah-hah-lah-cah'), ver.; mountain in Negros. MAHALBÓN (mah-hal-bohn'), ver.; mountain in central range of Negros Occidental, 10 m. E. of Suay. MAHALÍN (mah-hah-leen'), nat.; river rising in central range of Negros Occidental, flows W. and falls into strait of Guimarás at Ponte- vedra. MAHANAY (mah-hah-ni'), nat.; island off N. coast of Bohol, Visayas. MAHANGIN (mah-hahn-hin'), ver.: point on SW. coast of Marinduque, lat. 13° 15' N. MARANGLAD (mah-han-glad'), ver.; river in Leyte. MAHANGUIN (mah-hahn'-geen), ver.; mountain in Bohol, Visayas. MAHIAO (mah-hee-ah'-aw), nat.; mountain in W. Leyte from which Masarayoc Riv., E. tributary of Bao, takes its rise. MAHINOG, or MAHINOC (mah-hee-nog', mah- hee-nock'), nat.: pueblo and point on E. coast of Camiguin I., off N. coast of Misamis, Min- danao. Has fine anchorage. 51 m. off town is low sandy island with bushes on it. Pop., 4,687. (Also Maginog.) MAHUJA (mah-oo'-hah), ver.; mountain on Sulu I., Sulu A. MAIATUSA (mah-yah-too'-sah). ver.: N. branch of Bacong Riy., rising in W. hills of Buena- vista crater. MAIBÁ (mah-ee-bah'), Tag.; mountain 500 ft. high in Laguna, Luzón. MAIBATÓ (mi-bah-toh'), nat.; mountain in Anti- que, Panay, 5 m. NE. of Sibalom. MAIBO (mah-ee'-boh), nat.; river emptying on NE. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Min- danao. MAIBUG (mi-boog), ver.; mountain in SE. Sámar, 13 m. NW. of Salcedo. MAIBÚN (my-boon'), ver.; town at head of bay of that name on S. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A. About 6 m. W. rises mountain 2,106 ft. high. Town at one time was residence of Sultan of Sulu. Houses are built on piles on outer edge of bar with 1 ft. of low water. Had con- siderable trade with Laban and island and rivers of Borneo. Country in vicinity grows native fruits in great variety in their seasons, but has very little cultivation, even of vege- tables. - river emptying into head of that bay, on SW. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A. - bay on SW. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A., much frequented during NE. monsoon, but subject to heavy swell during SW. monsoon setting in in June. Bay is 8 m. between Cabalían Pt. to W. and Putic Pt. to E., and 2 m. inland to N. At head are town and river of same name. W. coast is wooded, with cleared spaces; hamlets of Lagasan and Lubang on this shore. On E. side, near Putic Pt., is hamlet of Punungan. MAILABAN (my-lah'-bahn), nat.; bay on NE. shore of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Vi- sayas. MAILABU (mah-ee-lah'-boo), nat.; river entering on NW. angle of Barrera port, NE. coast of Masbate, Visayas. MAÍLAO (mah-ee'-lah-aw), nat.; hamlet at mouth of river from W. entering Dávao Gulf, on W. shore, 23, m. SSW. of Dávao, Mindanao. MAILLAGUA (my-lyah'-gwah), Hisp.; point on E. coast of Mindoro, lat. 12° 50' 10" E. MAILÓN (my-lohn'), nat.; town on NE. coast of Cebú. (See Mayilón.) MAIMBONG (mah-im-bong'), ver.; tributary of Bacalan Riv., in N. Antique, Panay. MAIMBUN (mime'-boon), nat.; town and port at head of deep bay about center of S. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A. Anchorage, lat. 5° 54' 45' N.: lon. 121° 40" E., approximately, is sheltered from all winds but S. Town lies on N. shore of bay between 2 rivers. Hamlet Lubang lies on NW. shore of bay SW. of Maimbun, about 2 m. Anchorage is in from 2 to 10 fms. NW. of bay, summit 918 ft. high is landmark. MAINAGA (my-nah'-gah), Tag.; creek in Batan- gas, Luzon. MAINDANG (mine-dang'); river in NE. Cápiz Panay, rising in crater of Agbintâ across bor- der in Concepción, Iloilo, flows NW. and enters Malinannang 1 m. below Dao. MAÍNIT (mah-ee'-nit), nat.; circular lake 6 m. in diameter in W. coast range elevations in NW. Mindanao. Its waters are discharged through Tubay Riv. into sea. Lake is also known by name of Saponga. - pueblo of Bontoc, Luzón, 9 m. from Bon- toc. Pop., 417; township, 547. - hamlet at head waters of river entering sea at Suauan Pt. on N. coast of Misamis, Min- danao, 22 m. SW. of Cagayan de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. - hot spring in S. mountain system of Negros Oriental, 5 m. WNW. of Nueva Valencia. MAINOXÓN (my-noh-nohn'), ver.; point in NE. Albay, Luzon. MAIPAT (my-pat'), ver.; narrow channel between Tabulunga and Tawi Tawi Is., Sulu A. MAITIAGUIT (my-tee-ah-geet'), yer.; island and village NE. coast. off Paragua, Palawan. (See also Maytiaguid.) GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 625 SULU ISLAND SOUTH COAST S. Doc. 280—- 40 MAIMBUN ANCHORAGE from a Spanish plan of 1877. Dry bank. Lat. 5:64:45°N..Long. 1r.6:40 E.lappraz) HWE&C. VI. 30m (approx) Springs rise 4 feet. Soundings in fathoms. 20 30 17 9 13 15 15 st Marban B! ra 10 25 TTTA MAGNETIC CS Ya HD * 2 24 18 26 15 15 23 2 VARIATION NEARLY 13r L.68 TYATIONARY Calles do 1 Sea Mile 626 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MAITUM (my-toom') (means black), nat.; point | MALABAGO (mah-lah-bah'-goh), ver.; hamlet on on E. coast of Cebú, 2 m. SE. of Nayilan. Manila and Dagupan Railroad, 9 m. from MAJABA (mah-hah -bah), nat.; N. of chain of 4 Lingayen and 3 m. from Dagupan, in Pen- islets across entrance to Inunukan Bay, W. gasinan, Luzón. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. - island off E. coast of Iloilo, Panay. MAJABAGO (mah-hah-bah'-goh), nat.; river in - hamlet in pueblo of Gúbat, E. coast of Sor- Cápiz, Panay, flowing NE. and emptying on sogón, Luzón. N. coast. MALABAHOC (mah-lah-bah-hawk'), ver.; moun- MAJABANG (mah-hah-bang'), Tag.; hamlet in tain in central Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol, Vi- Cavite, Luzón, 22 m. S. of Cavite. sayas, 3 m. W. of Santa María de Carmina. MAJABANSALANG (mah - hah-bang-sah-lang'), MALABAN (mah-lah-bahn), nat.; river empty- Tag.; river in Infánta, Luzón, rising on S. ing on N. shore of Polloc Harbor, Cotabato, side of Pulis, flows E. and empties into sea 6) Mindanao. m. S. of entrance to Lampón port. MALABANG (mah-lah-bang'), ver.; river entering MAJABIBUJABIN (mah-hah-bee-boo-hah'-been), Illana Bay, on E. shore at town of same name, Tag.; point on NE. coast of Tayabas, Luzon. navigable for small pulling boats to fort, 15 MAJABILIN (mah-hah-bee'-lin), nat.; point on m. inland. W. shore of Subic Bay, Zambales, Luzon. - hamlet at mouth of river of same name on MAJACOB (mah-hah-cohb'), nat.; town in pueblo E. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. of Catbalogan stretching along W. shore of Has 2 white blockhouses and large fort about Sámar, NE. of Moroporo Pt. Island of same 1 m. inland, with good anchorage of place. name to SW. forms shelter for anchorage. - point on E. shore of Illana Bay, in Cota- - triangular islet SW. of town of same name bato, Mindanao, in Rangayán or Ságut Mts., and off Moroporo Pt., W. coast of Sámar, NW. 16) m. inland. of Catbalogan. -- town in Cotabato, Mindanao, on bay of - cascade in Ulut Riv., Sámar, W. of Paric Illana, 17 m. NW. of Polloc, with large, new Mt. stone fort at head of plain, about 15 m. from coast, and 3 blockhouses placed at vantage MAJAJAGUL (mah-hah-hah-gool'), nat.; point on points nearer seashore. First stone structure NE. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. particularly adapted to defense, capacity 200 MAJAJAQUÍN (mah-hah-hah-keen'); hamlet in men, built in castellated style, with towers, Tayabas, Luzón, on SE, shore of Lamón Bay, minarets, and pierced walls, from base of lat. 15° 58' 20' N. knoll gush magnificent springs of purest cool MAJAYJAY (mah-hi-hi'), Tag.; pueblo in SE. water, of volume forming stream flowing into Laguna, Luzón, in hill country 10 m, S. of sea and navigable for small boats to foot of Santa Cruz, Near place, 600 ft. above sea, rock on which fort is built. Along river viaduct carries road across ravine filled with Moros and few Filipinos have built number ferns. Laguna de Bay stretches to NE.; in of nipa houses. On beach, in front of fort, is distance is peninsula of Jalajala and island of Moro trading post, where market is held 2 Talim from which rises Sosón-Dalaga vol- days each week. Moros from Lake Lanao cano. Along lake are groves of cocoa trees; here bring their produce of coffee, gutta toward S. slope of ground grows suddenly percha, and copra to trade with Chinese steeper and precipitous, rising to conical hill, merchants. Banajao or Majayjay Volcano; by its side - anchorage with good holding ground in- mountain San Cristóbal rears its bell-shaped side point of same name, 16 m. N. of Polloc, summit. Pop., 6,528. Cotabato, Mindanao. - volcano near SE. coast of Laguna, Luzón, MALABATÁI (mah-lah-bah-tie'), nat.; village on 7,382 ft. high; lat. 14° 2' N.; lon. 121° 27' E. NW. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zam- Last eruption, 1730. (Also Banajao.) bales, Luzón. MAJILAYAN (mah-hee-lah'-yahn), nat.; river in MALABIAO (mah-lah-bee-ah'-aw), ver.; hamlet Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón, rising in in NE. Cápiz, Panay, 2 m. SE. of Pontevedra. mountains of Tayabas and empties into bay MALABÍN (mah-lah-been'), ver.; mountain in of Lamón. Marinduque. MAJÓN (mah-hohn'), ver.; small stream of Negros MALABLANE (mah-lah-blah'-nay), Tag.; hamlet Oriental, emptying into sea 2, m. N. of Duma in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, on tributary of Agno guete. Riv., 46 m. N. of San Isidro. MAJONO (mah-hawl-noh), nat.; hamlet in pueblo MALABO (mah-lah'-boh), nat.; mountain in S. of Palápag, Sámar, N. coast. part of Negros Oriental, on SE, margin of large MAJÓYOT (mah-haw'-yot), nat.; hamlet in pueblo lake, 12 m. W. of Sibulan. MALÁBOC (mah-lah'-bock), Tag.; river in Taya- of Amblán, near E. coast of Negros Oriental. bas. Luzón, rising in S. slopes of Majayjay MAJULAT (mah-hoo-lat'), ver.; point on Sibuyan Mt. and empties into sea. I., Romblon grp., Visayas. MALÁBOG (mah-lah'-bog), nat.; hamlet in Albay, MAJUYAG (mah-hoo-yag'), mountain in Leyte, 9 Luzón, on main road, 2 m. NW. of Albay. m. inland from Albuera, on SW. coast. MALABÓN, SAN FRANCISCO DE (sahn frahn- this'-coh day mah-lah-bohn'), Tag.; town in MAKAPOL (mah-kah-paul'), ver.; hamlet on Pa- Cavite, Luzon. cific coast of Mindanao, near extreme SE. point, 64 m. SE. by S. of Dávao. MALABÓN, SANTA CRUZ DE (sahn/-tah cruth day mah-lah-bohn'), Tag.; town in Rizal, MAKÍN (mah-keen'), nat.; river emptying on E. Luzón, center of cigar-manufacturing indus- shore of Polloc Harbor, Cotabato, Mindanao, try. N. of Parang-Parang. MALABOSO (mah-lah-boh'-soh), nat.; town on S. MAKMANÍ (mak-mah-nee'), nat.; point on SW. shore of Gubat port, E. coast of Sorsogon, shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast Zambales, Luzón, SE. of Gúbat. Luzón. MALABRIGO (mah-lah-breel-goh), Sp.; point on MALA, or PORO (mah-lah, poh'-roh), Sp., island S. coast of Batangas, Luzón, W. end of Sierras 2 m. from NW. to SE., 1 m. from NE. to SW. de Lobo. Area, 1 sq. m., in Sw. part of Sorsogon port, MALABUCTÚN, or GIMÉNEZ(mah-lah-book-toon', Sorsogón, Luzón. hee-may'-neth), nat.; largest and NW. of MALABABÓN (mah-lah-bah-bone'), ver.; point in group off Maytiaquid I., off NE. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón. Paragua, Palawan, 4 m. N. and S., 2 m. E. and GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 627 MALABUCTUN, or GIMÉNEZ-Continued. MALAGUNDÍ, or GALBÁN (mah-lah.goon-dee', W.; area, 5 sq. m.; 1 m. N. of Mobauen, and Senat.; gal-bahn', Sp.); point on E. coast line, from it several islands extend in N. direction end of Sierras de Loba, Batangas, Luzon. toward Knob, Triple, and Smith Is. MALAGUNUÁN (mah-lah-goon - wahn'); island MALABUNG (mah-lah-boong'), nat.; bay in NW. near E. coast of Nueva Ecija, Luzón. angle of Sambulauan port, W. shore of Illana MALAGUSAN (mah-lah-good-sahn), ver.: point on Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. SE. coast of Leyte, 4 m. S. of Hinundayan. MALABÚYOC (mah-lah-boo'-yock), ver.; pueblo MALAGUTAN (mah-lah-good-tahn), nat.; river on at mouth of Malutuoc Riv., on shore of strait SW. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, NW. of of Tañón, W.coast of Cebú, 60 m. SW.of Cebu. Zamboanga. Pop., 13,113. MALAVIO (mah-lah'-haw), nat.; point on sw. MALACA (mah-lah'-cah), nat.; hamlet in Bula- coast of Sámar, lat. 12° 7' 20" N. cán, Luzon, near Manila and Dagupan Rail- road, 7 m. E. of Bulacan. MALAHUIT (mah-lah-wheat'), nat.; river enter- ing sw. shore of Lumanig Bay, S. arm of MALACABA (mah-lah-cah-bah), ver.; island off Loog Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. coast of Zambales, Luzon. (See Macalaba I.) MALAÍBO (mah-lah-eel-boh), ver.; tributary of MALACABANG (mah-lah-cah-bang'), ver.; ham- flog. Riv., Negros Occidental. let on W. coast road, 2 m. S. of Colasi, Antique, Panay. MALAINÁIN (mah-lie-nah'-in), Tag.; river in Ca- vite, Luzón, one of many small streams drain- MALACANO (mah-lah-cah'- noh), ver.; island, ing heavy rainfall into Manila Bay from SE. area, 3 sq. m., of Cuyo grp., Mindoro Sea, lat. 11° 14' E. MALÁJOC, or MALAYOG (mah-lah'-hock, mah- lah'-yohg), nat.; point on W. coast of Sámar, MALACIMBO (mah-lah-seem'-boh), ver.; island lat. 12° 22' N., SE. of Sambugtun Riv. near S. shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, MALAJÓN, or HAYCOCK (mah-lah-hohn'), ver.; Luzón. rocky islet 753 ft. high, 3 m. off coast of Bu- MALACSÁN (mah-lack-sahn'), ver.; small lake suanga I., Calamianes grp., off NE. coast of in Leyte from which sulphur is obtained. Paragua, Palawan, 104 m. W. of Busuanga. MALAFATÚBIG (mah-lah- fah-too' - big), nat.; Resembles haycock from N. or S. Formed of stream in Samar, lat. 12° 9' 30" E., taking SW. limestone, and edible birds' nests abound in course and empties into sea. its cavernous sides. MÁLAGA (mah-lah-gah), Sp.; town of Negros MALALAE (mah-lah-lah'-ay). ver.: hamlet of Ne- Oriental, 4 m. N. of Majuyod, E. coast. gros Oriental, on 1. shore of Tanhay Riv., 13 - river rising in S. slopes of Patyacan Mt., m. W. of Tanhay. winds around its base to W. and enters sea on MADALAG (mah-lah'-lag), ver.; porton NW.shore E. coast of Leyte immediately S. of Hinu of Casilaran Bay, Davao, Mindanao. Port is nangan. capable of holding vessels of any size. - hamlet in pueblo of Cabalían, E. coast of town in Davao, Mindanao. Leyte. river entering Casilaran Bay on its sw. - small river emptying on N. shore into shore at port of Malálag, W. shore Davao Balayán Bay, N. Batangas, Luzón. Gulí, Dávao, Mindanao. -- stream in Sámar, flowing W. and emptying | MALÁLAG GRANDE (mah-lah'-lag grahn'-day); on that coast. river, and Malag Chico, branch on NW. part - bay on E. coast of Leyte extending 3 m. to of Negros Occidental, emptying into Guima- W., lat. 10° 17' 30'' N. rás Strait, 2 m. below Saravia. MALAGABÁBUY (mah-lah-gah-bah'-booy), nat.; MALÁLANG (mah-lah'-lang), ver.; mountain in mountain in NW. Cagayán, Luzón. W. central Leyte, 6 m. S. of Carigara. MALAGABANG (mah-lah-gah-bahng'), nat.; is- MALÁLOD (mah-lah'-lohd), ver.; mountain in land, area 1 sq. m., of Calamianes grp., off Polillo I., off coast of Infanta, Luzon. NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. MALALUNO (mah-lah-loo'-noh), ver.; point on MALAGABE (mah-lah-gah-bay), nat.; hamlet. SW. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, 201 m. NW. m. N. of junction of Maindang and Bad- of Polo Pt. barán Riv. in E. central Capiz, Panay. MALAMAUI (mah-lah-mah'-wee), nat.; island 41 * MALAGABÓN (mah-lah-gah-bon'), ver.; point in by 21 m., 588 ft. high, close to and off NW. shore of Basilan I. of that group, off S. coast Sámar. of Zamboanga, Mindanao, thickly wooded. MALAGAN (mah-lah'-gahn), nat.; point on SW. Timber is superior to any found in neighbor- shore of Ulugan Bay, W. coast of Paragua, hood for spars and building, being molaue, Palawan. (hard yellow wood), poon, palo maria or bi- MALAGASAN (mah-lah-gah'-sahn), Tag., hamlet tankal (one of the guttiferæ or gamboge in Cavite, Luzón, 9 m. SSE. of Cavite on main family), and mangrove. Coal sheds on this road. island opposite naval establishment of Isa- bela, with storage capacity of 2,000 tons. MALAGI (mah-lah'-heeh), Tag.; island off SE. shore of Talim I., U. S. military prisons. (See roadstead on N. shore of Basilan, S. of Maligi.) Zamboanga, Mindanao, W. of Isabela de Basilan. MALAGIÓN (mah-lah-hee-ohn'), Tag.; peak in Caraballos Sur, in Laguna, Luzon. MALAMOC (mah-lah-mohk'), Tag.; stream rising E. of Cavite Viejo in pueblo of that name MALAGIT (mah-lah-hit'), ver.; hamlet in NE. makes great bend first to N. and after to W., Cápiz, Panay, { m. S. of Pontevedra. emptying into Bacoor Bay,s. of Cavite, Luzón. MALAGUA (mah-lah'-gwah). Sp.; hamlet on N. MALAMOY (mah-lah-moy'), Tag.; point on E. coast of Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón. coast of Nueva Ecija, Luzón, lat., 18° 15' N. MALAGUI (mah-lah-gee'); hamlet in pueblo of Tayun, Abra, Luzon. MALAMPAYA (mah-lahm-pah'-yah), nat.; sound point NE. coast of Ambos Camarines, Lu- on NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan, trending zón, lat. 14° 14' N. 24 m. SE, and from 3 to 6 m. wide; formed on MALAGUINOAN, or MALOGINOAN (mah-lah-gee. NE. side by Capoas Pen. One of finest har- bors in Philippine Is., free from sunken noh'-ahn, mah-loh-hee - noh'-ahn), Tag.; dangers, and containing along its shores round island about 2 sq. m. E. of Polillo I., many bays and inlets capable of affording off coast of Infanta, Luzon. accommodation to fleets of world and of MALÁGUIT (mah-lah'-geet), ver.; hamlet on N. greatest draft. Entirely landlocked, en- shore of Leyte, 3 m. NE. of Barugo. tered by Blockade and Endeavor straits, 2 628 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MALAMPAYA-Continued. HALANTÁ (mah-la hn-tah'), nat.; point and vil- narrow channels on either side of Tuluran I. lage NW. on SW. shore of Lapac I., Tapul About 4 m. within Blockade Strait sound is grp., Sulu A. contracted by long projecting headlands MALANUT (mah-lah-noot'), ver.; bay in W. part from either shore, forming second strait con of Tagbảyug Bay, W. coast of Palawan, afford- taining several islands, which opens into ex- ing shelter in either monsoon for vessels of panse of water 9 m. in length and 4 m. in moderate drait. Malanut is on SE. shore. width named Inner Sound, with depths of - river discharging in SE. part of Tagbayug 36 to 54 ft. Hamlets of Pancol and Baulao Bay at W. extremity of sandy beach about are on Inner Sound. Entrance and Pillar rocks, 30 ft. high, lie in entrance NE. of .m. W. of hamlet of that name. About 1 m. above is landing place on r. bank which Diente Pt., while Round Islet and Pyramid leads into open tract of country extensively Rock, 50 ft. high, lie off W. side of Tuluran I. cultivated; goats, fowls, yams, and vegetables One of sounds proposed for naval station being offered in barter. in Philippines. -range 6 m. inland, 14 m. long and 1,630 ft. port on W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. high, stretching across central Palawan from (See Malampaya Sound.) Malanut, on S. side of Tagbá yug Bay, on NW. - river emptying on E. side of Malampaya to s of way to AbôabÔ, on Bay of Islands on Sound, Paragua, Palawan, 3 m. S. of Pancol. SE., where it terminates in conical Mound Headwaters in central range rise less than 1 Malanut, 1,290 ft. high. m. from drainage over summit into Taytay - hamlet on SE, shore of Tag báyug Bay, W. Bay on E. coast, entire distance being scarcely coast of Palawan. 3 m. Malutone I. lies in entrance to Pancol. River is navigable for boats for 2 m., and from MÁLAO (mah-lah-aw), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of its head footpath leads over mountain to Tay Dapitan, NW. coast of Dapitan, Mindanao. tay, 3 m. MÁLAO, or MANGITANAN (mah'-lah-aw, mahn- MALAMUS (mah-lah'-moos), ver.; N. tributary of hee-tah'-nahn), ver.; river in E. Cebu, rising Ulut Riy., Sámar. in central range and entering strait of Tañón MALANAHÚAN (mah-lah-nah-hoo'-ahn), ver.; W. 2 m. S. of Manjuyod. of 2 islands in entrance to Sorsogon port, on MALAPACUN (mah-lah-pah'-koon), ver.; wooded SW. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón. island 340 ft. high covered with forests, with double summit, 1. m. E. and W., 172 m. off MALANAO (mah-lah-now'). Tag.: point on SW. W. coast of Palawan, SW. of Tagbáyug Bay, shore of Taal I., in lake of same name, Ba- and 3 in. W. by S. of Hummock Pt. Round tangas, Luzón. islet lies 500 yds. S. - river in Luzón. MALAPALAGA (mah-lah-pah-lah'-gah), ver.; ham- lake in Mindanao, more commonly known let in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, on 1. as Lanao. bank of Inaga Riv., 6 m. NW. of Nueva MALANAO, or DE ARENA (mah-lah-now', nat.; Cáceres, MALÁPAO (mah-lah'-pah-aw), ver.; hamlet in off E. coast of central Palawan, S. of Tabla Pampanga, Luzón, 3m. NE. of Bacolor. Pt. and NE. of coast town of Absolan. MALAPAR (mah-lah-par'), ver.; small stream MALANAT, or MANTANAT (mah-lah-naht', mahn- emptying into sea on SW. shore of Negros tah-naht'), ver.; island sq.m., 31 m. E. by S. Oriental, 10m. NW. of Siaton Pt. of Jomálig I., and fronting NE. entrance to MALAPASCUA, or MALAPACUA (mah-lah-pass'. Lamón Bay, N. of Ambos Camarines (Norte), cwah, mah-lah-pah'-cwah) (bad Christmas), Luzon. Sp.; narrow island 2 m. long, 5 m. NL. of MALANCAUAS (mah-lahn-cah-wahs), nat.; moun- Bulalaque, extreme NE. coast of Cebu. tain, 367 ft. high, on NW. shore of Nin Bay, Area, 5 sq. m.; lat., 11° 17' N. 2 islets lie off W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. its N. and 2 off its S. shore. MALANDAY (mah-lan-die'), Tag.; hamlet in - channel between Malapascua and Choco- Rizal, Luzón, 10 m. NE. of Manila, late Is., off NE. point of Cebú, in main chan- - hamlet on Pampanga delta in Bulacan, nel between Cebu and NW. point of Leyte. Luzón, 7 m. SE. of Bulacán. MALAPÁTANG (mah-lah-pah'-tang), ver.; N. sum- MALANDÓ (mah-lan-daw'), Tag.; river in Cavite, mit of central dividing range of Negros. (See Luzón, flows N. and empties into Tinalay Silay Mt.) Riv. MALAPAY (mah-lah-pie'), nat.; mountain in N. MALÁNEG (mah-lah'-naig), ver.; pueblo on 1. Mindanao. bank of Saltán Riv., 33 m. NW. of Tuguegarao, MALAPINA (mah-lah-peel-nah), ver.; island 156 Cagayán, Luzón. Pop., 3,819. (Also Maláueg.) ft. high, E. of Tenabían I., Malampaya Sound, Paragua, Palawan, inside strait of Bloqueo MALANG (mah-lahng), Tag.; peak in Caraballo (Blockade Strait). Sur, in Laguna, Luzón. MALAPOOTBAS (mah-lah-paw-ot'-bass), ver.; is- MALANGABAN (mah-lang-ah'-bahn), ver.; island land in Sulu grp., Sulu A. Lat., 6° 1' 30" N. 11 m. SE. of Pan de Azúcar and one of group MALAPOSO (mah-lah-poh'-soh), nat; one of 7 m. E. of San Dionisio, Concepción, Iloilo, largest of that cluster of islands in SE. waters Panay. Area, 11 m. NE. to SW., and i, m. NW. of Calamianes grp., off NE. coast of Paragua, to SE. Palawan, 175 ft. high, cone shaped, and com- MALANGCAUAN (mah-lahng-cah-wahn), ver.; posed of rock and clay of reddish brown color, mountain in Panaón I., off SE. point of Leyte. one of most conspicuous marks in vicinity. MALAQUI (mah-lah-key'), nat, small river in MALANGI (mah-lahng'-ee). nat.: summit 161 ft. Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón, emptying high, on SE. shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast of into Pacific Ocean at Capalonga. Zambales, Luzón, inland from Cubi Pt. -point on N. coast of pueblo of Indán, Am- MALANIPA (mah-lah-nee' pah), Sp.; largest of bos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. small group of 3 islands, 1 sq. m. in area, 394 MALAOUING (mah-lah-king'), Tag.; river de- ft. high, 5 m. SE. of Sakol (Saccal) I, 113 m. scending from Malaráyat Mt. and flowing into E of extreme SE. point of Zamboanga Pen , bay of Tayabas, Luzón. Mindanao. NE headland of approach to MALAQUINTÚBIG (mah-lah-kin-too'-big), Tag.; Basilan Strait from Célebes Sea river rising in Macolog Mt., flows S., receiving MALANJAPAO (mah-lahn-hah pah' aw), ver. ; cra. on 1. bank Panoan Riv., and becomes tribu- ter in central range of Panay, 10 m. SW. of tary of Calumpan Riv., Batangas, Luzon. San Joaquin. (Also Sulsuquín.) GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 629 PALAWAN 1. WEST COAST 1.ua -MALANUT & NAKODA VRON THE SPANISH SURVY OV mao. pleca L Lat. 18.0 X-Long urus 30 SILIDAD Segalo Baja Jana AN Vull 630 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MALAQUIT (mah-lah-kit'), nat.; mountain in Am- MALAÚBANG (mah-lah-00'-bahng), nat.; river boš Camarines, Luzón; contains gold. entering on w. shore of Misamis port, Mi- - village of Ambos Camarines, Luzón, 10 m. samis, Mindanao, 1 m. SW. of Misamis: Buca- N., in mountains of same name; lead and gán hill lies on river bank near mouth. lead glance exist in vicinity. MALAÚEG (mah-lah-o0'-eg), nat.; pueblo in MALÁRAD (mah-lah'-rahd), ver.; island off NE. Cagayán, Luzon, on 1. bank of Chico de coast of Ambos Camarines, Luzón. Cagayán Riv. MALARÁYAT, or SOSONCANBING (mah-lah-rah'- MALAUIGI (mah-lah-we'-hee), ver.; point on S. yaht, soh-sohn-cahn-bing'), Tag.; mountain coast of Marinduque, lat. 13° 15' N. and extinct volcano in NE. Batangas, Luzón, MALAVATÚAN (mah-lah-vah-tool-ahn). ver.: is- N. of Lipa lat. 13° 58' N., lon. 121° 11' E. land 3 m. NE. of Ambil, 2,160 ft. in extent - peak on boundary of Tayabas and Batan and covered with brushwood. Steep-to with gas, in same mountain, Luzón. passage 13 m. between it and Mandaui I. MALASACOT (mah-lah-sah-cot'), Tag.; mountain (See Lubang I.) in Tayabas, Luzón. MALAVINAN (mah-lah-veel-nahn), ver.; exposed MALASAO (mah-lah-sah'-oh), Sp.; small stream roadstead E. of Tinaca Pt., extreme s. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. entering Pacific Ocean on E. coast of Sámar, 2 m. N. of Paric. MALAVINÚAN (mah-lah-vee-nool-ahn), nat.; is- MALASIMBO (mah-lah-seem'-beau), ver.; moun- land on N. side of Sarangani Strait, E. of tain in SE, Zambales, Luzon. Tinaca Pt., S. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. MALASÍMIC (mah-lah-seel-mic). ver.; hamlet in - cove on S. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, be- pueblo of Ibaan, Batangas, Luzón. tween Bayucon and Lamansí Pt. Good an- chorage. MALASINA (mah-lah-seel-nah), ver.; mountain in pueblo of Dolores, Tayabas, Luzón. MALAUNANI (mah-lah-aw-nah'-nee), ver.; island off S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, lat. 6° MALASIQUI (mah-lah-see'-key), ver.; pueblo in 45' N., NW. of and near Basilan I. (See Pangasinản, Luzón, 15 m. SE. of Lingayen at Malamaui I.) converging point of 3 main roads, at railway station between Manila and Dagupan. Pop., MÁLAY (mah-lie), nát.; town of Nabaoy, Cápiz, 8,900. Panay, on NW. coast, near mouth of river, 60 m. NW. of Cápiz. MALASPINA, or CANLAON (mah-lass-pee'-nah, Sp.; cahn-lah-awn', ver.); volcano in cen- MALAYA (mah-lah'-yah), Hisp.; hamlet in Le- tral range of Negros, 10 m. W. by N. of Hi panto, Luzón, 8 m. from Cervantes. Pop., 684. bayo, on E. coast; lies in NW. angle of bound- - hamlet on W. shore of Lanao Lake, Misa- ary between Oriental and Occidental Ne mis, Mindanao. gros, where range, leaving seacoast on E. at - island off N. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Bagauines, Negros Oriental, takes W. course of 12 m. and then turns S., terminating 2 m. range of mountains in W. Lepanto, Luzón. W. of San Sebastián, Negros Oriental, form- point N. head of Golo Passage from E. Lú ing boundary between 2 Negros provinces bang Is., NW. of Mindoro. entire distance. MALAYAG (mah-lah-yag'), nat., hamlet in Nueva MALASUSO (mah-lah-sooh-saw), nat.; mountain Écija, Luzón, on main road, 21 m. NNE. of in pueblo of Bangued, Abra, Luzón. San Isidro. MALATAG (mah-lah-tag'), nat.; hamlet and point - mountain in Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. on E. shore of Sógod Bay, 9 m. SE. of Sógod MALAYAL (mah-lah-yal'), ver.; islet in Camansí Antiguo, Leyte. Bay, N. coast of Cápiz, Panay. MALATÁN (mah-lah-tahn'), ver.; hamleton 1. MALAYLAY (mah-lie-lie'), nat.; river entering sea bank of outlet of Lake Lanao into Iligan channel on N. coast of Mindoro on E. shore Riv., Misamis, Mindanao. of Bacó Riv. and W. of town of Bacó. MALATANA (mah-lah-tah'-nyah), ver.; river in MALÁTOG (mah-lah'-yog), ver.; point on SW. Tayabas, Luzón, flowing W. and emptying 1 coast of Sámar, in pueblo of Catbalogan, lat. into sea in pueblo of Mulanay. 11° 49' N. MALATANDAN (mah-lah-tahn-dahn'), Tag.; point MALAYÚAN (mah-lah-yoo'-ahn), ver.; hamlet of on S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, SE. coast, 6m. MALATANGUIT (mah-lah-tahn-geet'), Tag.; point SW. of Aquí. in Batangas, Luzón. MALAZIMBÓ (mah-lah-theem-boh'); earlier name MALATE (mah-lah'-tay), Hisp.; district in Manila, for Simbó I., on S. side of Sorsogon port, Sor- Luzón, 2 m. SE. of Manila, on E. shore of Ma- sogón, Luzón. nila Bay, adjoining Ermita on S. Crossed MALAZÓN (mah-lah-thon'), ver.; point on NE. by highway from Manila through Ermita to coast of Tayabas, Luzón, bay of Lamón, lat. Cavite. Has commodious barracks on main 14° 13' N. highway fronting on Manila Bay About center of town, also facing on bay, is church MALBATÓ, or MAEBATÓ (mahl-bah-toh', mah-ay- and convent of Malate and in rear cemetery bah-toh'), nat.; hamlet at head of Dipulao of Ermita and Malate. At S. end of town on port, S. coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., bayshore is magazine of San Antonio de Abad. off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Women are famous for their excellent em MALBINCHILAO (mal-bin-chee-lah'-oh), ver.; broideries. Name Malate is derived from islet 150 ft. high in Corón Passage, between Ma-Alat, meaning place where salt is found. Busuanga and Calamián Is., Calamianes grp., Pop., 2,319. off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. MALATIGBAO (mah-lah-tig-bah'-aw), ver.; moun- tain in SE, Leyte, 12 m. N. of Sógod Nuevo. | MALBOG (mal-bog'), nat.: point on E. shore of Tañón Strait, W. coast of Cebú, 14 m. N. of MALATPUSO, or SNAKE (mah-lat-poo'-soh), ver.; Alegría. rock 50 ft. high, 31 m. E. of N. Taytay I., off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. - river of Tayabas, Luzón, emptying into Ragay Bay, E. coast. MALATUCAN (mah-lah-too-cahn'), ver.; moun-| tain in extreme NE. part of Misamis, Min- | MALBUG (mal-boog'); mountain in Sámar. (See danao, N. of Sinalayao Mt., near boundary Villalón, Leyte.) with Surigao, and 40 m. NE. of Cagayan de - point and hamlet on E. shore of gulf of Misamis. Asid, S. coast of Masbate l., Visayas. MALATUNA (mah-lah-tool-nah), Sp.; point on | MALBUG, OLD; hamlet and river on S. coast of SW. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, 21 m. NE. Masbate I., Visayas, 2} m. N. of Malbug Pt. of Pol6 Pt. (See Malaluno.) | MALBURAN (mal-boo-rahn), ver.; river in Leyte. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 631 Lamlagi I Malalai Ner Pt. Dumanlalas Coast clean and oteop-10 fisc900) SOUTH COAST | MALI GAI BAY M. Penaga L.30 06.Long 123 11/06 E. Nana Miles 632 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MALCAMPO (mahl-cahm'-poh). Sp.: hamlet on MALIGAY, or MALIGAI-Coneinued. shore of Green Island Bay, E. coast of Para summit visible 24 m. at sea, is on SE. shore of gua, Palawan, 56 m. NE. of Puerto Princesa. this bay and marks division with Illana Bay - hamlet on NW. coast of Leyte, 7 m. NW. of on E. Lungigi I. and Maculai I. lie along Villaba. NW. shore of bay. Cabalan Riv. empties into bay on SW. shore. MALCATOP (mal-cah-top'), ver.: islet 150 ft. high, 3 m. N. of Calamián I., Calamianes grp., MALIGAYLÍGAY (mah-lee-gi-lee'-gi), ver.; ham- off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. let in central Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 7 m. MALEBEGAS (mah-lay-bay'-gass), ver.; island NW. of San Dionisio. near S. coast of Mindanao, lat. 7° 14' N., lon. MALÍGBOC (mah-lig'-boc); N. branch of Ulagig 122° 53' 39" E. Riv. in N. central Bohol, Visayas. MALEBOL (mah-lay-ball'), ver.; river in Min- MALIGI (mah-lee-hee'), nat.; river emptying in- danao. to San Rafael Bay, SE. shore of Malamaui Road, N. coast of Basilan, S. of Zamboanga, MALECÓN (mah-lay-cohn'), Sp.; pueblo and Mindanao. point in Bontoc, Luzón. Pop., Cn. 1887, 561. - island off SE, shore of Talim I., Laguna de -point Sw. shore inside entrance to Pujada Bay, Luzon. Seat of United States military Bay, SE. coast of Davao, Mindanao. prisons. By order of Secretary of War official MALEPUT (mah-lay-put'), ver.; river in Min title, “Island of Maligi Military Prisons." danao. (Also Pulo Malagi.) MALRÓN (mal-hawn'), ver.; island off SE. coast MALIGOSATÚBIG (mah-lee-goh-sah -too' - big), of Sámar. (See Homonhón). nat.; settlement on shore of estuary on W. MALHÓN, or JOMONJOL (mal-hawn', hoh-mohn side of Dumanquilas Bay, Zamboanga, Min- hohl'), ver.; island 12 m. SW. of Sungí Pt., danao, 93 m. NE. by E. of Zamboanga. SE, land of Sámar, crescent shape, 9, m. long, | MALÍHAO (mah-lee'-how), ver.; river entering of moderate height, with small islet Nantuna Guimarás Strait, on N. coast of Negros Occi- near W. point, bay on NE. side, island lies in dental, 6 m. SW. of Manapla. mid-channel between Sungi Pt., Sámar, and MALIKUT (mah-lee-koot'), nat.; small island, 1 Desolación Pt., Dinagat I., off N. coast of by Am., 3, m. SW. of Ubián I. Pangutárang Surigao, Mindanao, nearer Sámar, 35 m. grp., Sulu A. MALIAO (mah-lee-ah-oh), ver.; mountain in MALILÍPOT (mah-lee-lee'-pot), nat.; pueblo on central Cápiz, Panay, 12 m. W. of Tapás. gulf road, W. shore of Tabaco Bay, in Albay, - river in Panay. Luzón, 13 m. N. of Albay and 2m. s. of Tabaco. MALIBAGO (mah-lee-bah'-goh), nat.; pueblo in Pop., 5,995. extreme N. Leyte at w. entrance to San MALIMALÁONG (mah-lee-mah-lah'-ong), ver.; Juanico Strait, 12 m. NNE. of Tacloban. Pop., mountain in SE. Sámar, 9 m. SW. of Hernani. 1,119. MALIMBO (mah-leem'-boh), nat.; river in Pam- - river entering on NW. shore of Libás port, panga, Luzón, flows S. in pueblo of Hagonoy E. coast of Sámar. and empties into bay of Manila. - point on E. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. MALIMPAO (mah-leem-pah'-aw), nat.; stream in MALIBATÓ (mah-lee-bah-toh'); extinct volcano Sámar, rising on W. of Poric Mt. and unites with Ulut Riy. in Davao, Minuanao, lat. 6° 8' N., lon. 125° 2' E. MALÍBAY (mah-lee-by), Tag.; pueblo on E. MALIMUS, or MATIMAS (mah-lee-moos', mah-tee- mass'), nat.; point on E. shore of Illana Bay, shore of Manila Bay, 6 m. s. of Manila, in in Cotabato, Mindanao, forming N. side with Rizal, Luzón. Pop., 2,890. Bongo I. to SW. of entrance to Polloc Harbor, MALIBOBOC (mah-lee-boh-bock'), ver.; moun and sheltered anchorage of Cotabato. tain in SW. Pangasinan, Luzón. MALINALU (mah-lee-nah'-looh), nat.; hamlet in MALIBOG (mah-lee'-bohg), Tag.; river of Min-1 pueblo of Bacolor, Pampanga, Luzón. doro, emptying on E. coast, NW. of pueblo of MALINANNANG (mah-lee-nan-nahng'), nat.; river Bongabon, in N. Cápiz, Panay, rising on E. slopes of di- - town in Negros Occidental. vide between Jamindao (E.) and Libacao MALICABOG (mah-lee-cah-bog'), nat.; islet off (W.); flows E. passing Jagnaya, Mambusao, NW. coast of Bohol, 10 m. W. of Lauis Pt. and Siquia towns to hamlet of Calahán, where it abruptly turns N., passing Panitan and MALICAY (mah-lee -ki), ver.; bay in extreme SE. Loctugan towns, besides number of hamlets, part of Zamboanga, Mindanao, forming in- and enters sea on N. coast 2 m. S. of Nipa Pt. dentation at land end of narrow peninsula be- tween Zamboanga and Cotabato, Mindanao. MALÍNAO (mah-lee'-now), nat.; port on narrow Entrance lies immediately off E. opening of bay 3 m. inland, E. coast of Dinagat I., off bay of Dumanquilas. Hamlet of Banganga NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 15 m. S. of is situated on this bay. Desolación Pt. MALÍCBUG (mah-lick-boog), ver.; inland ham- - river in Albay, Luzón, rising in Buhi Mts., let on r. bank of important stream emptying flows E. into Lagonoy Gulf. into Macajalar Bay on SE. shore, 12, m. above - pueblo on main road on SW. shore of La- Tagoloan at its mouth and 174 m. E. of Caga- gonoy Gulf, in Albay, Luzón, 18 m. N. by W. yán de Misamis. of Albay, 5 m. S. of Tibí (Tiví). Pop., 11,849. MALIGAI (mah-lee'-gi), nat.: point on W. shore - pueblo of Cápiz, Panay, on 1. bank of Ak. of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. dón Riv., entering sea 64 m. below and 27 m. - bay and anchorage on SE. coast of Zam- W. of Cápiz, Pop., 5.771. boanga, Mindanao. (See Maligay Bay.) - small stream entering Guimarás Strait 61 m. NE. of Guilhungan, Negros Occidental. MALIGAN (mah-lee'-gahn), ver.; hamlet in Pam- panga, Luzón, 14 m. N. of Bacolor. - river in Panay. MALÍGAY, or MALIGAI (mah-lee'-gi), nat.; bay - hamlet 3 m. SW. of Puerto Princesa, across on extreme SE. coast of Zamboanga, Minda- Port Royalist Bay, E. coast of Palawan. nao, separated from Illana Bay on E. by MALÍNAO, or BUHI, or TAKIT (mah-leel-now, peninsula which forms boundary between boo'-hee, tah-kit'); mountain on boundary be- Cotabato and Zamboanga; on W., separated tween Ambos Camarines and Albay, Luzón: by Dumanquilas Pt., lies Dumanguilas Bay, lat. 13° 26' N., lon. 123° 34' E.; 18 m. NNW. deep indentation on this coast of Zamboanga. of Albay; rises out of marshy meadows, base Anchorage lies W. of Mt. Panaga, geographic of slippery clay merging higher up into vol- cal position of port in lat. 7° 30' 4" N., lon. canic sand, moist undergrowth swarms with 1230 17' 4" E. Flechas Pt., over which rises smallleeches, resembling linen thread, which GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 633 MINDANAO DAVAO GULF-SAMAL I. MALIPANO ANCHORAGE A Lat.6'58'00"N Long 125-41001E. Rise of tide about 8 feet 46 28 157 23 6 18 Je 112 3, 110 959 So 93 62 29 09 124 80 62 118 6 10 333 49 29 229 lo 115 121 21 124 11 36 23 2013 CLOCK TOWL OF DAVAO 29 52 43 52 5 58 65 62 95 DI 95 121 SA 147 2 82 29 VARIATION forto 05 Yards 72 29 ODO 634 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MALÍNAO, or BUHI, or TAKIT-Continned. I MALITA: hamlet at mouth of stream on W. shore attach themselves to nose, ears, and eyes, or of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, 50 m. S. of any exposed part of body, gorging them- Dávao. selves with blood until they resemble small | MALITAN (mah-lee'-tahn), Tag.; stream in SE. cherries. These annulates are common in Batangas, Luzón, flows W. and empties in Ceylon, India, frequently causing death of bay of Batangas, lat. 13° 43' N. animals; most severe after wet season. Wood in vicinity of mountain is fig, which bears MALÍTBOG (mah-lit-bog), nat.; pueblo on W. bunches of fruit 6 ft. long, between grow shore of E. estuary, S. coast of Leyte, 79 m. S. ferns, aroids, and orchids; pass from W. to E. of Tacloban. Pop., 7,906. side of mountains is 2,803 ft. above sea; forests - river in Mindanao. on E. side are more magnificent than on W.; - mountain in Panay. mountain also affords fine view of sea; island MALÍTBUG (mah-lit'-boog), nat.; hamlet in Mi- of Catanduanes 37 m. NE., and plain of Ta- baco to SE. samis, Mindanao, MALINCURAN (mah-lin-cool-rahn), ver.; hamlet MALITCONG (mah-lit-cong'), ver.; town of Bon- on l. bank of Pulangui Riv. in E. Misamis, toe, Luzon, 8 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 651; Mindanao. township, 777. MALINDANG, GRAN (grahn mah-lin-dahng'), MALITHUG (mah-lit-hoog'), ver.; mountain in nat., group of lofty elevations, central summit E. central Cápiz, Panay, near N. springs of of which reaches elevation of 8,560 ft. in N. Jalau Riv., 7 m. SW. of Dumar. portion of Misamis, Mindanao, 157 m. inland | MALIUYA (mah-liew'-yah), nat.; island of Balad, from W. shore of Iligan Bay; divides drain NE. coast of Iloilo, Panay. age between that bay on E. and channel be- MALIXÍ (mah-lig-see'), nat.; inland town on E. tween Mindanao and Negros on N.; 15 m. W. slope of coast range of Mindanao, near head- by N. of this summit is another 8,580 ft. high; waters of stream entering sea N. of Sancop 17 m. to NW. rises another summit 5,427 ft. Pt., Surigao, Mindanao, 115 m. SE. by S. of high. Another group of same range, 32 m. to Surigao. SW., with same name, rises 9 m. N. of Tres Reyes Mts., which form line of boundary be- MALIYIAÁ (mah-lee-yee-ah-ah'), ver; small trib- tween Misamis and Zamboanga on the S. utary of Abra Riv. rising in peak of Santo Domingo, in Abra, Luzón. MALINGDANG (mah-ling-dahng'). nat.: peak of range of same name, 7,892 ft. high, NW. of MALLAGUA (mah-lyah'-gwah), Hisp.; point on E. Misamis, on E. shore of Misamis port, Misa- coast of Mindoro in pueblo of Nauján. mis, Mindanao. S. peak of same range, 3, m. MALLARATONE, for.: island i m. long and about S. by E., is 5,838 ft. high. 200 yds. wide in Malampaya Sound, Paragua, - mountain 7,892 ft. high, NW. of Misamis, Palawan. Ibelbel, smaller island, lies SE. Misamis, Mindanao. MALLAROIS, for.: islet, 93 ft. high, 200 yds, long. - range W. of Misamis, S. peak, 5,838 ft. S. of Vinalo I., in Malampaya Sound, Para- MALINDING (mah-lean-ding'), ver.; mountain in gua, Palawan. Mindoro. MALO (mah'-loh), Sp.; river rising in mountains MALINGIN (mah-ling'-in), ver.; hamlet in NE. N. of Pastrana, Leyte, and after tortuous Cápiz, Panay, 45 m. SE. of Panay, on main course empties on W. shore of San Pedro Cápiz road. and San Pablo Bay at Palo. MALINGÓN (mah-ling-ohn'), nat.: mountain in MALO, or TALUNG (mah'-loh, tah-loong'), Sp.; Daram I., off W. coast of Sámar. small stream emptying into sea 4 m. NW. of MALINGUÍ (mah-lin-gee'), ver.; islet 8 m. NW. Siaton Pt., extremes.coast of Negros Oriental. of Ubay, NE. coast of Bohol, Visayas. MALOBAGO (mah-loh-bah'-goh), nat.; hamlet 7 MALIN-MALIN (mah-lean-mah-lean). nat.: is m. S. of Catarman, Sámar. land near S. coast of Sámar, lat. 11°N. MALOBOG (mah-loh-bohg'), nat.; point and river MALINSASÁYAO (mah - lean - sah-sah'- yah-aw); W. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Minda- mountain in Negros Oriental. nao, 8 m. SW. of Misamis. MALINSONO (mah-lin-soh'-noh). nat. small | MALOCONAN (mah-law-coh'-nahn), nat.: hamlet high island on coral spit, 11 m. off NE. point in pueblo of Siaton, Negros Oriental. of Manlagule I., Balábac grp., off sw. point MALOCOT (mah-low-cot'), Tag.; point on E. side of Palawan. of entrance to Batangas Bay, S. shore of Ba- MALIPANO (mah-lee-pah'-noh), nat.; hamlet on tangas, Luzón. island of Sámal, N. waters of Davao Gulf, MALOHAGOÁN (mah-low - hah-gwahn'), ver.; Dávao, Mindanao. mountain in NW. Sámar. - island S. of Mindanao. MALÓLIC (mah-law'-lick), ver.; town in W. -anchorage protected from all winds, 31 m. Masbate, Visayas. S. of Bimulin Riv., on W. shore of Sámal I.. MALOLÓ (mah-law-law'), Tag.: mountain peak gulf of Davao, Mindanao, 7 m. ESE. of Dá in heart of Polillo I. which, rising out of vao. luxuriant vegetation on its symmetrical, MALIPU (mah-lee'-poo); bay separated from Al- cone-like sides, presents not only command- ligator Bay by range of hills of which Balulu ing object to navigators approaching from Pt.is N. extremity. Hunch Hill, 454 ft. high, Pacific Ocean, but also along coast of Infanta, lies on SE. side and Chinicaran I.near W.shore Luzón, 19 m. distant, and in entering spa- of Malampaya Sound, Paragua, Palawan. cious bay of Lamón, which deeply indents the Infanta, Tayabas, and Ambos Camarines MALÍPUT (mah-lee'-put), nat.; village NW. shore (Norte), Pacific shores of Luzón; from central San Antonio Bay, SE. coast Palawan, at crest 10 diverging ridges extend to coast, each mouth of Pirate Riv. intervening valley having its river carrying MALÍS (mah-liss'), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of drainage of heavy rainfall of Sw.monsoon to Guiguinto, Bulacan, Luzón. sea, and is seat of agricultural activity. MALISBÓ (mah-lis-boh'), ver.; hamlet on Malugo MALOLOS (mah-law'-laws). Tag.; capital of Riv., N. part of Negros Occidental. Bulacán, Luzón, pueblo and p. o., at head of MALISBUG (mah-lis-boog'), ver; river of Negros one of inlets of Pampanga delta, 5 m. NW. Occidental, formed by junction of Nabaluan of Bulacán. Pop., 14,599. and Samayao Rivs., and enters Guimarás | MALONAY (mah-loh-ni'), ver.: mo-ntain in S. Strait 2 m. N. of Silay. central part of Negros Oriental, S. border of MALITA (mah-lee'-tah), Sp.: point on W. shore large lake fed by surrounding summits, 10 m. of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao. E. of Tolon. Teixige-Lalit BASED MALUSO BAY Zespons agem CáER - HDMIHO HAI PHONG S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 635 MALONCON (mah-lawn'-cawn), nat.; island 2 sq. MALUPALI (mah-loo-pah'-lee), ver.; river in m. off E. coast of Nueva Ecija, lat. 18° 14' N. Mindanao. MALONDÔ (mah-lohn-doh'), nat.; hamlet of MALUPUG (mah-loo-poog'), ver.; hamlet in cen- Pampanga, Luzón. tral Cápiz, Panay, near Iloilo, border 7 m. MALONDONG (mah-lon-dong'), ver.; mountain S. of Tapás. in N. Cápiz, Panay, 31 m. S. of Macato. MALUSO (mah-loo-soh), ver.; town at head of bay of same name, on w. shore of Basilan I., MALONTOD (mah-lon-tod'), ver.; point on NE. off S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. coast of Cebú, 8; m. of Bogó. MALOÓ (mah-law-oh'), ver.; town in Dapitan, - bay on W. shore Basilan I., off S. coast of Mindanao. Zamboanga, Mindanao, lat. 6° 32' 50" N., lon. 121° 52' 43'' E. MALOONG (mah-loh-ong'), ver.; hamlet of Basi- lan I., off S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, - river entering on E. shore of bay of that 3 m. SE. of Isabela. name below town, country in vicinity much cultivated. MALORO (mah-loh-roh), nat.; bay and creek emptying in W. shore of Misamis port, Misa- - bay and anchorage on W. side of Basilan I., mis, Mindanao, W. of Silanga Pt. off S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, formed by 2 islands, Great and Little Govenen. MALOZA (mah-loh'-thah), Hisp.; hamlet, S. shore River navigable for boats enters head of bay; of Basilan, I. off S. coast of Zamboanga, Min resort for natives. danao. MÁLUT (mah'-loot), ver.; point on E. coast of MALPÁCAO (mal-pah'-cow), ver.; ridge of lime- Mindoro, in pueblo of Nauján. stone, 1 m, SE. of Inabuyatan I., NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. MALUTUGAUI (mah-loo-too-gah'-we), nat.; clus- ter of islets SE. of Cujao Pt., S. of Catbalogan, MALPASO (mal-pah'-soh), Sp.; hamlet in NE. W. coast of Sámar. Cotabato, Mindanao, 14 m. NE. of Liguasan. MALUTUOC (mah-loo-too-awk'), ver.; river in MALTATAYOC (mal-tah-tah-yok'), ver.; islet 150 SW. Cebů, falling into strait of Tañón at ft. high, in group in Corón Strait, N. of Cala Malabáyoc. mián I., Calamianes grp., off NE. coast of MALUYA (mah-loo-yah), ver.; crater in sy. Paragua, Palawan. Leyte, 3! m. SE. of Inopacan. MALTBY, for.; island 1 m. in extent, 4 m. NNE. - point on W. coast of Lubang I., NW. of of Thirtieth of June I., E. coast of Palawan, Mindoro. S. of Puerto Princesa; Victoria Peak, 5,680 ft. high, overlooks it, and mountain range MAMAD (mah-mahd'), ver.; islet 128 ft. high, filled with deep gorges and picturesque val- 14 m. W. of Baku Tua, Balanguingui grp., leys is fronted by wooded plain. Sulu A. MALTO (mall-toh), ver.; hamlet at head waters of MAMAGUED (mah-mah-ged'), ver.; mountain Ulut Riv., central Sámar. group in Abra, Luzon, between Gran Cordi- llera and sw. spur of same, 11 m. N. of Ban- MALUAYON (mah-luah'-yohn), ver.; hamlet on gued. SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, 89 m. S. of MAMAILAN (mah-my-lahn), ver.; point in E. Dávao. Mindanao. MALUBÁROC (mah-loo-bah'-rock), ver.; point on MAMAJE (mah-mah-hay), ver.; hamlet in pueblo N. coast of Samar, lat. 12° 31' N. of Boljo-on, on S. coast of Cebú. MALUBUG, or MATUBUG (mah-loo-boog!. mah- too-boog'), nat.; bay forming w. shore of MAMALI (mah-mah-lee), nat.; river of Mindoro Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. entering sea at Mayllague Pt, on E. coast. MALUBUTGLUBUT (mah-loo-boot-gloo-boot'), MAMALIN, or BANCOL (mah-mah-lean, bahn- ver.; (observatory) island of Linapacan cohl'), Tag.; river in Laguna, Luzón, rising chain, off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan, 2) on N. slopes of Majayjay Mt., flow. N. through m. in extent, 758 ft. high, 2 m. NW. of Lina pueblo of Lilio, then NW., receiving number pacan I., and ENE., 12 m. from N. extreme of of affluents, and empties into Laguna de Bay. Palawan. At its N, extreme is water course. MAMÁLOT (mah-mah'-lot), nat.; river in Ambos MALUC (mah-look'), ver.; anchorage in S. Min- Camarines (Norte), Luzon, flowing N. and danao. emptying into sea. MALUCU (mah-loo'-Coo), ver.; town of NE. Misa MAMALUI (mah-mah-lwee'), nat.; creek on delta mis, Mindanao, 24 m. E. by S. of Cagayan de connecting two tributaries on 1. bank of N. Misamis. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, MALUGÁN (mah-loo-gahn'), ver.; town on SW. Mindanao, near its mouth. shore of Macajalar Bay, Misamis, Mindanao, MAMAMAMA (mah-mah-mah'-mah), nat.; village 13 m. NW. by W.of Cagayan de Misamis. on NW. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. MALUGNON (mah-loog-nohn'), nat., hamlet in MAMÁNAO (mah-mah'-now), ver.; point in Rapu- pueblo of Mambula, on peninsula of N. coast Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzon. rapu I., off SE. of coast of Albay, Luzon. - point on N. coast of Ambos Camarines | MAMANGA (mah-man-gah'), nat.; river in Min- doro I. (Norte), Luzón, lat. 14° 20' 10" N. MALUGO, or BUTUAN (mah-loo'-goh, boo-too'. | MAMANOC (mah-mah-nock'), nat.; island in Ba- ahn), ver.; river and hamlet of Negros Occi- languingui grp., Sulu A. dental, 9 m. above its mouth on straits of MAMANOOL (mah-mah-noh-ohl), ver.: islet in Guimarás, 7 m. SE. of Saravia. Sulu grp., Sulu A., lat 6° 2' N. MALUJÁN (mah-loo-hahn'), ver.; point on SW. MAMANUK (mah-mah-nuhk'), nat.; island 1 sq. shore of Macajalar Bay, N. coast of Mindanao. m. in sw. of Pilas Is., Basilan grp., off $. MALUMAHÚAN (mah-loo-mah-hoo-ahn), ver.; coast of Zamboanga, 29 m. WSW. of Isabela. island 1m. from N. to SE. of Bantique Pt., W. -low wooded island in SE. of Laparán grp., side of entrance to Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Sulu A., NW. of Billanguan I. Luzón. MAMATAD (mah-mah-tahd'), ver.; hamlet in MALUNAGUE (mah-loo-nah'-gay), ver.; hamlet pueblo of Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, on I. bank on W. coast of Cebú, 5 m. NE. of Tuburan. of Cabiao Riv. MALUNOY (mah-looh'-noy), Tag.; pueblo on SW. MAMAY (mah-my'), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of coast of Tayabas, Luzón, lat. 13° 51' 40' N. Namacpacan, Unión, Luzón. MALUPA (mah-loo'-pah), nat.; town in Antique, MAMAYBÁNAY (mah-my-bah'-nie), ver.; town in Panay. E. central Leyte. (See Pastrana.) 636 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MAMBAGI (mam-bah-hee), ver.; town on E. MAMPAHÚBUG (mam-pah - hool-boog), nat.; coast of Cebú, mid-distance between Dala mountain hamlet in central Negros Occi- guete and Boljo-ón. dental, 10 m. E. of Binalbagan. MAMBAHENAÚHAN (mam - bah - hay - nah -00' MAMPARAN (mam-pah'-rahn), ver.; range of hahn), ver.; outlying island in Sw. corner of mountains in Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. Sulu Sea, 29 m. s. of Cagayán Sulu, and 498 m. SW. to Punderas Pt., nearest mainland of MANABA (mah-nah'-bah), ver.; river rising in S. Borneo. High brown rock, with brushwood central range of Bohol, flowing S. enters sea and trees on summit, and uninhabited. By 1 m. E. of García Hernández. proximity it would belong to Cagayan Sulu | MANABAN (mah-nah'-bahn), ver.; mountain grp. Lat. 6° 33}' N., lon. 118° 31' E. W. range, S. Antique, Panay, 8 m. NE. of Dao. MAMBAJAB (mam-bah-hab'), ver.; NE. point of MANABO, SAN JOSÉ DE (sahn hoh-say' day mah- Biliran I., off N. coast of Leyte, at entrance nah-boh), ver.; town in pueblo of Bucay, to Daram channel. Abra, Luzon, near r. bank of Abra Riv., 12 m. MAMBÁJAO (mam-bah'-how), ver.; town and SE. of Bangued. point on NW. shore of Camiguin I., off N. coast MANABURE (mah-nah-boo'-ray), nat.; village on of Misamis, Mindanao. From this point coast extreme NE. shore of peninsula of Ulugan, is rocky as far as Mahinoc, 6 m. to s. Pop., W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. 18,000. MANACNAC (mah-nuck-nuck'), nat.; point and MAMBÁN (mam-bahn'), ver.; hamlet on 1. bank bay to SW. on SE. shore of Loog (Luk) Bay, of Tigón Riv., in SE. Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. NW. SE. arm of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, of Alimodian. Visayas. MAMBANG (mam-bang'), ver.; hill near E. coast MANADI (mah-nah-dee'), ver.; island in opening of Sámar, inland from Tambadon Pt., between of bay in front of Mangarin hamlet, W. coast it and great bend in Matinao Riv. of Mindoro. MAMBANI (mam-bah-nee), ver.; tributary of ſlog MANAGA (mah-nah'-gah), ver.; point on E. coast Riv., Negros Occidental. of Cebú, 3 m. SW. of San Fernando. MAMBANUANG (mahm - bah - noo - ahng'), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of Gapan, Nueva Ecija, Lu- MANAGAYSAN (mah-nah-guy'-sahn), nat.: point zón. on NE. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. MAMBAO (mam-bah'-aw), ver.; mountain in cen- MANAGDON (mah-nag-dawn'), ver.; mountain in tral Leyte, 11 m. S. of Carigara. W. central Leyte, 12 m. N. of Albuera. MAMBARU (mahm-bah'-roo), nat.; river in An- MANAGUB (mah-nah-goob'), ver.; mountain in tique, Panay, rising SE. of Pandán, flows W. Panay. and empties into sea on W. coast. MANAGUIÓN (mah-nah-gee-ohn'), Tag.; bay in MAMBAT (mam-baht'). Tag.; hamlet in Cavite, Bataán, Luzón. Luzon, on Manila boundary, 7 m. SE. of MANALIPA (mah-nah-lee-pah'), nat.; island 394 Cavite. ft. high, off E. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. MAMBINONGA (mam-bee-nong'-ah), ver.; river (Also Malaripa.) with Mindangan forming tributary of ſlog MANALUMO (mah-nah-loo'-moh), ver.; point in Riv. (q. V.), Negros Occidental. Sámar. MAMBITANAN (mam-bee-tah'-nahn), ver.; ham- let in E. Iloilo, Panay, near boundary with MANAMIL (mah-nah-mill'). nat.; islet off SW. shore of Balut I., Sarangani Is., S. of Minda- Cápiz, N. of Passi, 31 m. nao. MAMBOÓ (mahm-boh-oh'), nat.; hamlet on S. MANAMO (mah-nah'-moh), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, coast of Sulu I., Sulu A. Panay, 1, m. NW. by W. of Dingle. MAMBÚCAO (mam-boo-cow), nat.: hamlet in MANAMOC (mah-nah-moc'), ver.; islet, 2 m. N. pueblo of Catarman, Misamis, Mindanao. and S. and E. and W., 21 m. NW. by N. of MAMBULAO (mam-boo'-lah-aw), nat.; pueblo at Agutaya, Cuyos grp., Mindoro Sea. head of port and at mouth of river of that MANAMONGON (mah-nah-mong'-awn),ver.; riyer name, on N. shore of Ambos Camarines emptying into Tolón Bay, on SW. shore of (Norte), Luzón, 25 m. NW. of Dáet and cele- brated for red lead ore found in vicinity. Negros Oriental, 3 m. S. of Tolón. Half league from town are indications of MANÁNAY (mah-nah'-ni), ver.; island, 5 by 1 m., gold and remains of native copper mines. 3 m. N. of Getafe and 2 m. off N. shore of Pop., 1,182. Bohol. - port between Pinandungan Pt. and Daji MANANGÁ (mah-nahn-ga'), nat.; river in Cebú. kan Is., on N. coast of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón, sheltered from all winds. | MANANGULA (mah-nahn-goo'-lah), nat.; point on Fishing inclosures within harbor much ob- E, shore of Illana Bay, approaching mouths of Grande de Mindanao Riv. (Cotabato) and struct navigation. Polloc Harbor (Polloc and Parang Parang), -point on NE. shore of Ragay Gulf, Ambos Cotabato, Mindanao. Camarines (Norte), Luzon. MANANIÓN (mah-nah-niohn'), ver.; S. of 2 bays MAMBÚRAO (mam-boo-rah-aw), nat.; point on on E. shore of Batán I., Batanes grp., off N. NW. coast of Mindoro, in pueblo of same coast of Cagayán, Luzón. name. MANAOAG (mah-nah'-wag), nat.; pueblo and road - river in Mindoro flowing and emptying center in Pangasinan, Luzón, 18 m. E. of Lin- on W. coast of town of same name. gayén. Pop., 17,500. -- pueblo situated on bay and point at mouth MANÁOL (mah-nah'-ohl), ver.; river in pueblo of of river, all of same name, on W. coast of Mansalay, SE. coast of Mindoro, emptying Mindoro, 43m, WSW. of Calapán. Pop., 499. into bay of Mansalay 3 m. below. - hamlet in pueblo of Puerto Galera, N. coast | MANAPA (mah-nah'-pah); islet of Babuyanesgrp., of Mindoro. off N. coast of Cagayán, Luzon, NE. of Fuga I. MAMBÚSAO (mam-boo'-sah-aw), ver.; pueblo on 1. bank ef Malinannang Riv., in Cápiz, Pa- | MANAPLA (mah-nah'-plah), ver.; river on N. nay, 17 m. SW. of Cápiz. Pop., 11,000. coast of Negros Occidental and emptying into Guimarás Strait at Manapla town. MAMDÁN (mam-dahn'), ver.; hamlet in NE. Cápiz, Penay, 6 m. SE. of Cuartero. - pueblo in Negros Occidental, most N. on island, near mouth of river of same name, 26 MAMEBEL (mah-may-bell'), ver.; river in Luzón. m. NE. of Bacolod and 15 m. SE. of Aquí, on MAMPÁGUT (man-pah'-goot), nat.; hamlet on N. mainland of Panay, across Guimarás Strait. shore of Leyte, 4 m. NE. of Barugo. Pop., Cn. 1887, 4,309. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 637 MANARAGAN (mah-nah-rah'-gahn), ver.; moun- MANDALAGAN (mahn-dah - lah'- gahn), ver. ; tain in Leyte, near Burauen. Contains valu mountain among N. summits of central range able sulphur deposits. of Negros, 19 m. W. of Calatrava, on E. coast. MANASÁOG (mah-nah-sah'-og), ver.; hamlet in - hamlet in pueblo of Minulúan, W. coast of N. part of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay. Negros Occidental. - crater near hamlet of same name. Gui- MANDALUGAN (mahn-dah-loo'-gahn), ver.; river marás I., off Iloilo, Panay. in Negros. MANAT (mah-naht'), ver.; river in Mindanao. MANDALUYON (mahn-dah-loo'-yon), Tag.; ham- let on 1. bank of Pasig Riv., Rizal, Luzón. MANAUA (mah-nah'-wah), ver.: mountain in (See Guadalupe.) Sámar, on l. bank of Yubasan Riv., 12 m. SW. MANDANITAO (mahn-dah-nee - tah'- 00), ver.; of Salut. mountain of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, near MANAÚT (mah-nah-ut'), nat.; river emptying on E. coast, 12) m. S. of Carlés, W. shore of Subic Bay, Zambales, Luzón. MANDAO (mahn-dah'-aw), nat.; hamlet in pueblo MANAY (mah-ni'), ver.; town on r. bank of mouth of Mobo at mouth of Mandáon Riv., on ex- of small bay on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, treme NE.shore of Nin Bay, Masbate, Visayas. 197 m. SSE. of Mindanao; has remains of little - port on NE. inlet of Alag, NE. arm of Nin fort erected by Spaniards. Bay, SW. coast of Masbate, Visayas. town in Dávao, Mindanao. -- hamlet 3 m sw. of Tubigon, on W. coast - river in Mindanao. road, Bohol. MANAYAO, or SAYAO (mah-nah-yah'-oh, sah MANDAON (mahn-dah-awn'), ver; river empty- yah'-oh), ver.; point on E. coast of Cebú, 11 ing into NE. head of Nin Bay, W. shore of m. S. of Nayilon. Masbate I., Visayas. MANÁYONG (mah-nah'-yong), nat.; hamlet in - town on W. coast Masbate, Visayas, on N. pueblo of Namacpacan, Unión, Luzón. shore of Nin Bay, 26 m. WSW. of Masbate, MANBAYANBÁ (mahn-bah - yahn-bah'), ver.; - point on E. shore of Nin Bay and N. head hamlet, Misamis, Mindanao, at head waters of entrance to Mandaón port and Cabuluang of tributary of Pulangui Riv., 10. m. S. of Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. Ducus. - port on W. shore of Cabuluang Bay, E. MANBUTÓN (mahn-boo-tohn'), ver.; hamlet on r. arm of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas, bank of Paniplán Riy., 7 m. NE. of Himamay Geographical position, Camasusu Peak on lan, Negros Occidental. Camasusu I., lat. 12° 10' 3" N., lon. 123° 12' MANCAHURÓN (mahn-cah-hoo-rohn'), ver.; clus- 47" E. ter of islets lying in indentation on E. coast MANDAÓN, or ALAG (mah-daw-awn', ah-lahg'); of Surigao, Mindanao, S. of Sancop Pt. inner part of Nin Bay, Masbate, Visayas. MANCAO (mahn-cow'), ver.; point on NW. coast MANDÁSIG (mahn-dah'-sig), ver.; hamlet on r. of Cebú, 4, m. SW. of Remigio. bank of Pampanga Riv., in Pampanga, Luzón, MANCARÍS (mahn-cah-ris'), nat.; town of Sámar 91 m. NE. of Bacolor. on SE. shore of bay, N. of point of same MANDAUE (mahn-dah'-way), nat.: pueblo on N. name, NW. of Catbalogan. shore of Cebú channel, E. coast of Cebú, and - point forming S. head of bight on W. shore 4 m. NE. of Cebu. Pop., 15,307. of Samar, NW. of Catbalogan: town of same MANDAUI (mahn-dah'-we), ver.; river in Bohol, name lies in SE, angle of bight, NE. of point. Visayas. MANCASÚAN (mahn-cah-sool-ahn), nat.; point MANDAUI, or MUNDARI (mahn-dah'-we, muhn- NE. coast of Leyte in pueblo of Babatungon. dah'-ree); island of Lubang grp., 14 m. NE. of Ambil; 1 m. in extent with 2 hills of unequal MANCAYÁN (mahn-cah-yahn'), ver.; town in Le height. panto, Luzón. Contains copper in vicinity. MANDAVI (mahn-dah'-yee), nat.: lagoon 5 m. - town in S. Lepanto, Luzón, on highway S. SW. of Bacat port, Cotabato, Mindanao. Bu- into Benguet, 6 m. S. of Cayán. tirán Creek carries its surplus waters into MANCAYANGUI (mahn-cah-yahn'-gee), ver.; is- Talayán, tributary of S. arm of Grande Riv. of land, 44 m. in entrance to Tanda Bay, WNW. Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao. of Tanda Pt., E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao; MANDAYO (mahn-dah'-yoh), nat: hamlet on N. 2 rocky islets lie off its S. end. shore of Lake Lanao, Misamis, Mindanao. MANCHA (mahn'-chah). Sp.; peak 3 m. inland MANDAYON (mahn-dah'-yohn). ver.; hamlet on from NE. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. E. shore of bay of Badian, W. coast of Cebu. MANCHA BLANCA (mahn'-chah blan'-cah). Sp.: MANDILÍ (mahn-dee-leeh'). ver.; hamlet in village on SE. shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast pueblo of San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan, of Zambales, Luzón. Luzon. MANCIOL (mahn-theohl'), ver.; hamlet and riverMANDIUING (man-dee-wing', ver.; mountain in upon which it is situated, in pueblo of Nauján, Leyte. Mindoro. MANDONAI (mahn-doh'-nah-1): long, narrow is- MANCOG (mahn-cog'). nats: hamlet near N. coast land in SE. waters of Cagayanes grp., Sulu of Cápiz, Panay, 11 m. S. of Jimeno. Sea, off SW. coast of Negros Occidental. MANDADAGSÁ (mun-dah-dahg-sah'), nat.; mo n. MANDONGA (mahn-dong'-ah), ver., point in Min- tain in E. Mindanao. danao. MANDAGUMAN (mahn-dah-goo'-mahn), ver., MANDUACA (mahn-doo-ah'-cah), ver.. hamlet on hamlet near one of tributaries of Pulangui SE. shore of San Pedro Bay, S. Sámar, 14 m. Riv., in SE. Misamis, Mindanao, 15 m. s. of SE. of Basey. Ducus. MANDUAO (mahn-dwah'-aw), Tag, mountain in MANDAH (mahn-dah'), ver.; peak 283 ft. high, in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, Cagayán Sulu grp., Sulu Sea. MANDUCAL (mahn-doo-cabl), ver.; mountain - one of N. islands of Cagayan Sulu grp., 283 hamlet 3 m. SW. of Sibonga, E. Cebú. ft. high, between Bisu Bintut and Bisu Bo- MANDUG (mahn-doog'). ver.; small river empty- han, 41 m. NE. of Lapun Lapun anchorage; ing into bay 4 m. W. by N. of Catarman Pl., thickly wooded. E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. MANDAI (mahn-die'), nat.. creek emptying on 1. MANDURRIAO (mahn-doo-rree-ah'-oh), ver., bank of N. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, pueblo in Iloilo, Panay, on l. shore of river Cotabato, Mindanao, on W. side of Cotabato, emptying into Iloilo Strait, at Iloilo, 4 m, be- capital. low. Pop., 6,749. 638 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MANELLA (mah-nay'-lyah), Sp.; town on N. side | MANGINAO (mah-heel-now), Tag.; point on Ba- of mouth of small stream entering Iligan tangas Bay, Batangas, Luzon, lat. 13° 46' 20" N. Bay on W. shore of Misamis, Mindanao, 2, m. MANGLA (mahn'-glah): W. head opposite Nabu- N. of Point Lugauan, 68 m. W. by N. of Ca- ros I. to channel of Casul Cay, large inlet in gayán de Misamis. SW. part of Murciélagos Bay, N. coast of Dapi- MANGÁ (mahn-gah') (means mango), nat.; stream tan, Mindanao. entering Guimarás Strait, 2 m. W. of Cauayan, MANGLAR, or HIERBA, or NACODA, (mahn- Negros Occidental. glahr', ee-ayr'-bah, nah-coh-thah'). Sp.; on - hamlet in NW. Albay, Luzón, 17) m. NE. W. coast of Palawan, 24 m. from Point Hunu- of Albany. nok, forming little bay, in which are islands - hamlet in pueblo of San Isidro, Nueva of Manglar and Hierba. Low and of little area. Most N. of these has to NE. small Ecija, Luzón. island called Nacoda, which terminates in - hamlet on Sw. coast of Bohol, 3 m. N. of little conical cape. Near this cape rises of Tagbilaran. island of Sepulcro (grave), 280 ft. high, MANGÁBOL (mahn-gah'-ball), ver.; lake peculiar MANGLAVIS (mahng-lah'-vis), ver.; point in to Philippine I. filled with water in wet and pueblo of Paoay, W. coast of Ilocos Norte, arable in dry season, E. of Bayambang, Tárlac, formed from Pan de Azúcar (sugarloaf) Mt. Luzón, more than 154 m. in circumference at point of intersection of NW. angle of bound- MANGLE (mahn'-glay), Sp.; small inlet W. of ary of Tárlac and Nueva Ecija and Pangasi- Luyucan port, on S. coast of Busuanga I., nán; its surface extending into each of these Calamianes grp., NE. of Paragua, Palawan. provinces, Luzón. - island off Gogo Pt. NE. coast of Iloilo, MANGAD (mahn-gahd'), nat.; river in Samar Panay. In channel between Binuluangan emptying on SE. coast. and Calagnán I. MANGAHAN (mahn-gah -hahn); village about - point on 1. of mouth of Santa Bárbara center of rural district of Sampaloc, suburb of Riv., entering port of San Jacinto, Ticao I., Manila. Masbate grp., Visayas. MANGAL (mahn-gahl'), Hisp.; low and sandy MANGLUS (mahng'-loos), nat.; point in pueblo of point on extreme S. shore of Basilan I., off S. Túbig, E. coast of Sámar. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. MANGO (mahn'-goh), Sp.; point on NE. shore MANGALDÁN (mahn-gahl-dahn'), ver.; pueblo of of Marinduque, landmark of Santa Cruz de Pangasinan, on coast highway, 13 m. ENE. of Napo Harbor. Observation spot, lat. 13° 29' Lingayen. Radiating point of number of 5 N.; lon. 122° 5' 34" E. roads to towns of interior. Pop., 16,143. MANGOGOYO (mahn-goh-goh'-yoh), ver.; hamlet MANGALINOKNIN (mah-gah-lee-nohk-neen'), on SE. shore of bight on N. coast of Cápiz, nat.; point on NE. shore of Subic Bay, SE. Panay, 14 m. NE. of Pilán. coast Zambales, Luzón. MANGOLBUNGOT (mahn-gaul-boon-got'), ver.: MANGALÍS (mahng-ah-lis'), nat.; point sw. of conspicuous headland of Daram channel, on Sulu, N. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A. W. shore of Daram I., Sámar. MANGAOA (mahng-ah-oh'-ah), ver.; town in dis- | MANGOS (mahn'-gos), Hisp.; point at entrance trict of Linangan, Pangasinan, Luzón. to port of Sual, in sw. angle of Lingayen Gulf, Pangasinan, Luzón. MANGARÍN (mahn-gah-reen'), nat.; pueblo on N. shore of bay of same name, on SW. coast of MANGPEOS (mahng-pay'-oss), ver.; islet of Tawi Mindoro, 74 m. S. by W. of Calapán. Only Tawi grp., Sulu A., lat. 5° 19' N. accessible to boats. Climate is unhealthful MANGROVE, for.; narrow channel on land side owing to surrounding marshes. Inhabitants leading to anchorage of Culion, Calamián I., engaged in raising cattle and horses. Pop., Calamianes grp., off NE. coast of Paragua, 2,289. Palawan. - deep bay, 3 m. between heads, 13 m. SE. of -- inlet on shore of Deep Bay, E. coast of cen- Lumintan Pt. and NE. of Ylin I., sheltered by tral Palawan. that island and long peninsula ending in Mangarin Pt. - point on W. coast of Palawan, N. of Tag- -- point on W. side of inlet on SW. mainland | Máyug Bay. of Mindoro, N. of Ilín (Ylin) I. -point and S. head to S. mouth of Grande Riv. of Mindanao on W. shore of Cotabato, MANGAS (mahn'-gass), Hisp.: point on S. side of Mindanao. entrance to Sual port, Pangasinan, Luzón. MANGSEE (mahng-say'-ay), ver.; channel sw. - S. point of small bay, Port Sual, on W. of Enmedio, SE. of island of Balábae, off SW. shore of Lingayen Gulf, Pangasinan, Luzón. point of Palawan. MANGATAREN (mahn-gah-tah'-ren), ver.; pueblo 1 MANGSEE DEL SUR (mahng-say'-ay dayl soor), on Agno Riv, road in Pangasinan, Luzón, Hisp.; island SE. of Balábac, off sw. point of 18 m. S. of Lingayen. Pop., 10,146. Palawan. MANGÁYAO (mahng-ah'-yah-oh), ver.; N. head- MANGUGUIN (mahn-goo'-geen), ver.; point on land at entrance to Panaón Strait from W. W. coast of Daram I. and one of headlands of and 1 m. N. of Liloan on extreme NW. point Daram channel, off W. coast of Sámar. of Panaón I., and 16 m. SE. of Sógod Nuevo, MANGUIÁN (mahn-gee-ahn'), nat.; hamlet in at head of Lión Bay, S. shore of Leyte. Binaguiojan in E. Cebu, 4 m. NW. of Sibonga. MANGCAO (mahng-cow'), ver.; point in W. Cebú. MANGUINA (mahn-gee'-nah), nat.: river of Ba- MANGCOVA (mahng-coh'-vah), ver.; point on E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, in pueblo of Tay- tangas, Luzón, emptying into Batangas Bay. tay, lat. 11° 1' 40' N. - river in Mindanao. MANGEL (mahn-hayl'), ver.; point on W. shore MANGUIÓ (mahn-gee-oh'), ver.; river entering fun of port San Jacinto, Ticao I., Visayas. strait of Tañón, 3 m. S. of Balambán, W. MANGILAO (man-hee-lah'-00), nat.; mountain in coast of Cebú. Cebu. MANGUIRÍN (mahn-gee-reen'), ver.; pueblo in MANGILI (mang-ee'-lee), ver.; hamlet on E. Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 8 m. NE. of coast of Dávao, Mindanao, 751 m. S. of Dávao. Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 1,300. Peak 4,520 ft. high in E. Butulan range rises MANGULO (mang-oo'-law), nat.; S. tributary of 8 m.inland. Mahalin Riv., Negros Occidental. MANGILO (mang-ee-law'), nat.; small stream en- MANGURUCURÛ (mang-00-roo-con-roo'), ver.; tering sea on extreme sw. coast of Leyte, 11 hamlet in Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, on W. m. W. of Maasin. coast of Ajui Bay, 3 m. SW. of that town. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 639 MANAILALA (mahn-hee-lah'-lah), nat.; bend in | MANILA-Continued. Upper Grande Riv. of Mindanao, 4 m. above "Municipality of Manila," pp. 183-194. Also Tumbao, Cotabato, Mindanao, at point divi "Commerce of Philippine Is., pp. 112-126 and sion of main stream into 2 branches. 200-203. Pop., 1902, 297,152, est. See p. 184. MANHIRO (mahn-heel-ron), Tag.; islet near E. MANILOC (mah-nee-lock'), ver.; island 3 m. in coast of Tayabas, Luzon. circumference, E. of Matinloo, NW. coast of MÁNIB (mah'-nib), ver.; hamlet in Misamis, Min- Paragua, Palawan. danao. MANIMBULAO (mah-nim-boo-lah'-aw) (wedge). MANIBIO (mah-nee'-beeoh), ver.; mountain in E. ver.; islet 180 ft. high, thickly wooded in Sámar, 5 m. W. of San Julián. offing NW. of opening of Imurúan Bay, W. coast of N. Paragua, Palawan, 47 m. sw. of MANIBURE (mah-nee-boo-ray), ver.; NW. head Emergency Pt. of Ulugan Bay, SW. Paragua, Palawan. MANINA (mah-nee'-nah), ver., one of group (Ani- MANICAÂ(mah-nee-cah-ah'), ver.; river in Panay. boyas) of islands, off NE. coast of Marinduque. MANICAHÁN (mah-nee-cah-hahn'), ver.; town on (Also Maninagan.) SE. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. MANINAGAN (mah-nee-nah'-gahn). Tag.; largest MANICANI (mah-nee-cah'-nee), nat.; island off and central of group of 3 islands and several S. coast of Sámar, with central hill 2 by 2 m., islets, off NE. coast of Marinduque. 41 m. SW. of Guiuan, Islets Baul and Bina MANINAN (mah-neel-nahn), ver.; hamlet in basalam lie off this island. Vessels of all sizes Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. NW. of Sigma. find anchorage under shelter of these islets. MANINILA (mah-nee-neel-lah), ver.; river in - island off S. coast of Sámar, 9 m. SE. of Antique, Panay, tributary to Sibalom. It Higoso (Gigoso) Pt., 2 m. from N. to S., 3 m. rises in W. range across boundaries in Cápiz, from E. to W., area 4 m. Buenavista, on ex- and flows W. entering main stream 4 m. treme E. shore, is only village on island. above San Remigio. MANCAYO (mahn-cah'-yoh), nat.; point on SW. MANIOLOBOG (mah-nee-oh-low - bog'), ver.; coast of Negros Oriental. mountain in Sámar. MANICHÍN (mah-nee-chin'), ver.; hamlet on MANIPUL MANDARÍN (mah-nee-pool' mahn-dah- main road, 6 m. NE. of San Isidro, Nueva rin'), Hisp.; village on Upper Grande Riv. of Ecija, Luzón. Mindanao, at mouth of outlet of Laguasan MANICLING (mah-nick-ling'), Tag.; hamlet in Lagoon, Cotabato, Mindanao. pueblo of Gapán, Nueva Ecija, Luzon. MANIPULÓN (mah-nee-poo-lohn'), nat; islet 1. MANICOLAT (mah-nee-coh-lat), ver.; thickly m. SE. of Estancia, NE. coast of Iloilo, Panay. wooded island, W. of Tapaán Passage, near MANISBASCO (mah-nis-bahs'-coh), nat; point Bubuán I., in S. waters of Tawi Tawi grp., on W. shore of Súbic Bay, E. coast of Zam- Sulu A., 14 m. N. and S. and 4 m. E. and w., bales, Luzón. with peak 773 ft. high, perfect cone from MANITAO (mah-nee-tah'-oh), ver.; pueblo on E. every point of view from surrounding sea. shore of Paliqui Bay, and arm of Albay Islet, 60 ft. high, wooded, lies im. W. of sw. Gulf, in Albay, Luzón, 10 m. E. of Albay. extreme of Mamakolat. Another islet, E. by Pop., 2,369. N. from N. point, 350 yds. long and 150 ft. MANJAO (mahn-how'), ver.; river in Mindoro, high, separated from Bubuán I. by narrow channel. between Ticlin and Bulalácao. MANIGAL (mah-nee-gahl'), ver.; coast hamlet, 2 - river in island of Marinduque. m. N. of Pontevedra, Negros Occidental. - hamlet in pueblo of Mambúlao, Ambos MANIGIL (mah-nee-hill'), ver.; island NE. Ca- Camarines (Norte), Luzon. tanduanes, NE. of Albay, Luzón. MANJUD (mahn-hood'). ver.; point in pueblo of MANIGOA (mah-nee-gaw-ah'), ver.; hamlet on Palápag, on NE. coast of Samar, E. of Cape port Palápag, on W. shore of Batac I., off N. Espíritu Santo. coast of Sámar. MANJÚYOD (mahn-hoo'-yawd), ver.; pueblo, MANIGONIGO (mah-nee-goh-nee-goh'), ver.; islet river, and point 21 m. N. on E. coast of 11 m. N., 10 m. E. of Bulacaue, extreme NE. Negros Oriental, 24 m. NNW. of Dumaguete. point of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay; conical, Pop., 7,486. small, and sandy, 90 ft. high, and surrounded MANKA (mahn'-kah). ver.; 2 small islands in by rocks; channel between it and point is SW. of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A., 10 m. E. of from 16 to 24 ft. deep, and only fit for small Manuc I., 28 m. S. of Tatán. Lie but 1) m. N. craft. of this part of S. boundary line of American MANIGUIN (mah-nee-geen'), ver.; island 13 m. to possessions in Asia. SW. of Pucia Pt., Panay, with elevation of MANLABU (mahn-lah-boo'), nat.; cascade on 150 ft. in center; on SW. side is village. river Ulut, Samar, between Palagun and MANIKI (mah-nee'-key). ver.; point 21 m. E. by Pipiacon. S., m. S. from Zamboanga, Mindanao. MANLAGULE, or MANTANGULE (mahn-lah-goo'. MANILA (mah-nee'-lah), Hisp.; largest bay in lay, mahn-tahn-goo'-lay), ver.; island on E. Philippine Is., and one of finest in world, 30 m. side of N. Balábac Strait, 5 by 2 m. in extent, in extent N. and E. and E. and W.; on its N. 3 m. SE. of Bancalan I., and 7 m. ENE. of shore lie Pampanga and Bulacan, on E. Bu- Cape Disaster, N. point of Balábac I., ofr SW. lacán and Manila, on S. Cavite, and W. Da- point of Palawan. taan, with entrance between latter. Many MANLALEC (mahn-lah-leck'). ver.; hamlet on E. rivers empty into bay; most noted is Grande shore of Bacuit Bay, NW, coast of Paragua, de la Pampanga Riv. with its numerous Palawan. Malapacas lies off shore. mouths, and Pasig at Manila City: land on MANLANAT (mahn-lah-naht'), ver.: island off N. both sides of entrance to bay is high and coast of Ambos Camarines, Luzón. covered with vegetation, while shores at head are low, marshy, and intersected by numerous MANLAOBO (mahn-lah-oh-beau). ver.. hamlet small rivers, estuaries, and tidal lakes. Is- near r. bank of Cadián Riv. in Antique, Pa- lands of Corregidor or Mariveles and Pulo nay, 3 m. NE. of Valderrama. Caballo divide the entrance into 2 channels. MANLAUI (mahn-lah'-we), ver.; stream rising in (See Days and Harbors, Description of Philip W. coast range, SE. of Catigbián, in SW. pine Is., and Manila Bay, municipality of Bohol, and flowing S. falls into sea at Loay on Manila.) S. coast. - capital of Philippine A., m. o., P. O., and MANLIOGLIOG (mahn-leeohg-leeohg!). nat.: SW. seat of jurisdiction of United States of Amer point of Sicogon I., off NE. coast of Iloilo, ica in islands. For description of city see! Panay. 640 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MANLOGBOC (mun-log-bock'), ver.; mountain MANSIOL (mahn-see-awl'), ver.; bay on E. coast in W. Zambales, Luzón. of Mindoro opening between Pts. Mansiol MANLOGOP (mahn-loh-gop'), ver.; mountain in (NE.), and Colasi (SW.), 37 m. SW. Coasters W. central Leyte, 13 m. S. of Capoocan. can anchor in 33 ft. - wooded point on dividing headland be- MANLOY (mahn-loy'); mountain in SW. Leyte, 3 tween Mansalay Bay (N.) and Mansiol Bay m. SE. of Bagbag. (S.), E. coast of Mindoro. Distinguished by 2 MANLULUAG (mun-loo-lwag'), nat.; mineral islets near it to ENE., both surrounded by spring in vicinity of Mangataren, Pangasi rocks. nán, Luzón. - hamlet in SE. Mindoro, 4. m. W. of bay of MANMATAONG (mahn-mah-tah-ong'), ver.; moun that name and 6 m. SW. of Mansalay. tain in S. Sámar.. MANSIQUI (mahn-see-key), ver.; hamlet of cen- MANNA (mahn'-nah), ver.; hamlet on W. coast of tral' Lepanto, Luzón, near r. bank of Abra Antique, Panay, in N. of Nalupa Nuevo. Riv., 13 m. NW. of Cayán. Pop., 176. MANOBÁN (mah-noh-bahn'), ver.; point on SW. MANSIRÁYAT (mahn-see-rah'-yat), ver.; hamlet coast of Negros Occidental, 5 m. N. of Ina- on r. bank of Pulangui Riv. in S. Lanao, yauan. Mindanao, 13 m. S. of Lepanto. MANSÚRAT (mahn-soo'-rat), ver.; hamlet on l. MANOBOS (mah-noh'-boss), Hisp.; town on 1. shore of Tubai Riv. at its bend to W., 9 m. bank of Pulangui Riv., in E. Lanao, Mindanao. above its outlet into Butúan Bay, N. coast of MANT (mahnt); stream emptying into sea on S. Surigao, Mindanao. coast of Negros Oriental,5 m. NW.of Siaton Pt. MANOC (mah-nock') (means cock), nat.; islet in MANTÁ (mahn-tah'), nat.: point on N. shore of gulf of Asid, 7 m. WSW. of Malbug Pt., S. Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A., S. head of E. en- shore of Masbate, Visayas. trance of channel between Siasi and Tara Is. - islet in mid-channel between Canduruan, MANTABÚAN (mahn-tah-boo'-ahn), ver.; island extreme S. point of Masbate, 9 m. N., and center of chain off-lying SE. coast of Tawi Bulalaque, N. point of Cebu, 20 m, S. Tawi I., Sulu A., beginning at Manuka I. and - point in W. Leyte. trending in NE. direction across Tapaán Pas- sage, where chain forms islands of Tapul grp. - point in S. of Sibuyán I., of Romblon grp., Visayas. MANTACAO (mahn-tah-cow'), ver.; island 7 m. W. of Tubigón, W. coast of Bohol. MANOC-MANOC (mah-nock-mah-nock'), nat.; vil- lage on S. coast of Buracay I., off extreme MANTAG (mahn-tag'), ver.; point on W. shore of NW. point of Cápiz, Panay. Albay, Sorsogon, Luzón, S. of entrance to Sorsogon port. MANOG (mah-nohg'), nat.; port on SE. of San MANTAHAÚK (mahn-tah-hah-ook'), nat.; wooded Bernardino Strait, shore of Sorsogon, Luzón, WSW. of Ticlin I. (Also Matnog.) hill NE. of Tambilaban, on r. bank of Grande Riv. of Mindanao. MANOLIGAO (mah-noh-lee-gah'-aw); hamlet in MANTAKWÍN (mahn-tah-queen'),ver.; bay afford- pueblo of Bislig, Surigao, Mindanao. ing good shelter from NE. winds, fronted by MANONGOL (mah-nawn-gohl'), nat.; river in Flat I., 6 m. E. of Bivouac Pt., SE. coast of pueblo of Bacon, on NE. coast of Sorsogon, Paragua, Palawan. Luzón, rising in Pocdol Mt., flowing NE., MANTALINGÁ (mahn-tah-ling-ah'). nat.; island passing w. of Bacon and empties into outer off N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 2 m. E. of Nipa Pt. waters of gulf of Albay. MANTALINGAJAN (mahn-tah-ling-a h'-hahn): MANOP (mah-nop'), ver.; hamlet near N. coast mountain 6,843 ft. high of reddish barren of Cápiz, Panay, 2 m. SE. of Balán. aspect, in central range of S. Palawan, 6 m. MANORIGAO (mah-noh-ree-gah'-oh), ver.; town NW. of Manangas, on SE. coast. on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 5 m. N. of MANTALLIOS (mahn-tah-lyos'), ver.; hamlet in Casoman Pt., 185 m. SSE. of Surigao. pueblo of Dolores, Tayabas, Luzón, on 1. bank MANOTE (mah-noh'-tay), ver.; island S. of Lo- of Larasin Riv. rán I., of Cinapusan grp., Sulu A. MANTANGIGUI (mahn-tang-ee'-gee), ver.; hamlet on E. coast of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay, MANOYAOSAYAO (mah-noh-yah-oh-sah-yah'-oh), 8 m. E. of Nagaba, on W. coast opposite Iloilo. ver.; point in Cebú. MANTANIL (mahn-tah-neel'), ver.; hamlet near MANPANON (mahn-pah'-nohn), ver.; hamlet 3) 1. bank of Pulangui Riv., E. Misamis, Min- m. SW. of Buan Pt., on E. coast of Surigao, danao, 9 m. SE. of Lepanto. Mindanao; river enters sea at this point, but MANTEBÚ, CUEVA DE (coo-ay'-yah day mahn- owing to exposed situation no anchorage, 207 m. SSE. of Surigao. tay-boo'), Hisp.; W. coast hamlet of Zambo- MANQUIBLA (mahn-key'-blah), ver.; hamlet in anga, Mindanao, 36 m. N. by E. of Zamboanga. mountains of Cotabato, Mindanao, 25% m. MANTICAO (mahn-tee-cow'), ver.; town on E. NE. of Cotabato. shore of Iligan Bay, 28 m. W. by S. of Ca- gayán de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. MANQUINDATA (mahn - keen-dah'- yah), ver.; river in Bataan, Luzón, emptying into Súbic MANTITINAO (mahn-tee-tee-now'), nat.; river in Bay. SW. Leyte. MANSALANGUI (mahn-sah-lahn-gee'), ver.; river MANTOCONAN, or NANTUNA (mahn-toh-coh'- on S. shore of Masbate I., Visayas, emptying nahn, nahn-too'-nah), ver.; islet W. of Ho- into gulf of Asid. monhón I., S. of Sámar. MANSALAY (mahn-sah-lie'), ver.; land-locked bay MANTUNA (mahn-too-nah), ver.; island } sq. m. on E. coast of Mindoro; town of same name The area, near W. point of Malhón I., S. of Sámar. and on river of same name lie 14 m. W. Ves MANTUÓN (mahn-too-awn'), ver.; hamlet on SE. sels of all sizes can anchor, sheltered from all ent of Bohol, 4 m. SE. of Guindulman. winds except SE. On N. coast of bay is high MANU (mah'-noo), ver.: hamlet on SW. shore of hill with 2 remarkable peaks and visible at Pagadian Bay, S. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao. sea from S. MANUBAL (mah-noo-bahl'). ver.; fishing hamlet -pueblo on river of same name, 11 m, above on NE. side of island of that name, Tapul its outlet into bay of same name, on E. coast of Mindoro, 61 m. SSE. of Calapán. Pop., 379. grp., Sulu A., in vicinity of Siasi. - island SE. of Lapac I, Tapul grp., Sulu A., HANSALI (mahn-sah'-lee), ver.; river entering with large fishing village on NE. side. sea on E. coast of Mindoro, S. of Balete Pt. MANUBO (mah-nooʻ-boh), nat.; island of Tapul MANSANGÁ (mahn-sang-ah'), nat.; riy. in Leyte. grp., Sulu A, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 641 MANUBUL (mah-noo-bool'), nat.: island off SW. MAPINJOR (mah-pin-hor'), ver.; point on SE. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. shore of Lamón Bay in Ambos Camarines MANUCAN (mah-noo'-cahn), nat.; one of the E. (Norte), Luzón. islets of Cagayan Sulu grp., Sulu Sea, W. of MAPISON (mah-pee-sohn'). Tag.; mountain in SW. coast of Negros Occidental. Nueva Ecija, Luzon, SE. of Gapán. MANUGAN (mah-noo'-gahn), nat.; town SW. of - hamlet in pueblo of Gapán, NNW. of moun- Blanca Pt., on NW. coast of Dapitan, Min tain of same name. danao, 28 m. w. by S. of Dapitan. MAPISTE (mah-pis'-tay), ver.; hamlet in Abra, MANUK MANKÁ (mah-nook' mahn-kah'), ver.; Luzón, 17 m. E. of Bangued, connected by one of 2 largest and S. off-lying islands of trail. Sulu grp., Sulu A., 3; m. N. of S. boundary of MAPITA (mah-pee'-tah), nat.; mountain in Zam- United States possessions in P. A., and 16 m. bales, in Cordillera, which divides it from S. of Sulu I. Extreme SW. angle of bound- Pangasinan, Luzón. ary of United States possessions is but 11 m. W. by S. and Sibutu I. 21 m. W. Nearest MAPOLA (mah-paw'-lah), nat.; hamlet in pueblo shore of Borneo is 477 m. NW. by W. Island of Butúan, Surigao, Mindanao. 4 m. E. and W. and 2. m. N. and S. and 100 MAPÓN (mah-pohn'), Tag.; river in Laguna, Lu- ft. high; is thickly inhabited. Forms N. head- zón, 9 m, from Lucbản, flows under natural land to Sibutu Passage between Célebes and bridge of rock formed of prismatically-shaped Sulu seas. pillars, then through bed of round pebbles MANUK MANUKAN (mah-nook' mah-noo -kahn), composed of volcanic stone and white lime as nat.; S. island, 32 ft. high, of St. Michael hard as marble, in which impressions of shell- grp., Sulu Sea, 24 m. N. of lat. 7° 40' N., line of fish and coral can be traced; strata also con- boundary of United States possessions in SE. tains imprints of leaves and mussel fish, Asia, between meridians 116° E. and 119° 35' including fossil melania; river at this point is E., WSW., 54 m. from NE. point of Bankawan, 500 ft. above sea. Aleaque, beyond Maubán, another to NW., 123 ft. high, in E. part of town on Mapón Riv., has tribunal or common- same group. house. Festivals of fruit and pastry are held MANÓNGUT (mah-noong/-oot), ver.; hamlet in here; cabezas wear special regalía for the SW. Sámar, 6 m. ESE. of Santa Rita. occasion; town formerly carried on brisk - island in SW. waters of Balanguingui grp., trade in molaue (wood akin to teak) with China. (See Maubán.) Sulu A., between Bangalao and Simisa Is. MAPOTAO (mah-poh-tow'), nat.; islet in Casul MANYAYÁONG (mahn-yah - yah'-ohng), Tag.; Bay, SE, inlet of Murciélagos Bay, N. coast of point in pueblo of Pagbalao, on S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. Dapitan, Mindanao. MAPUAPANTÁN (mah-pwah-pahn-tahn'), nat.: MANZALE (mawn-thah-lay), ver.; stream in Min- point on W. shore of Lacután Bay, NW. shore doro emptying on E. coast, lat. 12° 51' 30" N. of Pajuda Bay, SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. MANZANILLA (mann-thah-nee'-lyah), Sp.; ham- let on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 11 m. NE. M. NE. MAPULÁ (mah-poo-lah'), nat.; small stream en- of Patnongon. tering Daram channel at Caibirán, W. coast of MAO, or SÓGOD NUEVO (mah'-aw. ver.; soh'. Samar. god nway'-voh, Hisp.); pueblo on Lion Bay, MAPÚPUG (mah-pool-poog). Tag.; mountain in $. coast of Leyte. Bulacán, Luzón, lat. 14° 59' 46" N. MAOG (mah-og'), ver.; small stream entering MAPUSA (mah-pool-sah), nat., village on S. shore Malinao, at Dancalan, Negros Occidental. of Port San Miguel, NW. coast of Ticao I., MAOYO (mah-oh'-yoh), ver.; point on E. shore of Visayas. Panaón I., off SE. end of Leyte. MAPUSODJUNOD (mah-poo-sod-hoo-nod'), ver.; hamlet in E. Cápiz, Panay, on S. tributary MAOYTAB (mah-oy-tahb'), ver.; mountain in of Malinannang Riv. Leyte. MAPUTI (mah-poo-tee'), nat.; point on E. shore MAPABAN (mah-pah'-bahn), ver.; mountain in central range of Iloilo, Panay, 8 m. NW. of of Iligan Bay, N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. Coast from Sulauang Pt. curves around to San Joaquin. SW. 16. m. to this point, which is broad and MAPAGAB (mah-pah-gab'), ver.; mountain in W. rugged. On N. side of point is little bay of range in S. Antique, Panay, 7 m. NE. of Dao. Initao. MAPAGPUG (mah-pahg-poog'), ver.; mountain in MAPUTÍAN, or ARENAS (mah-poo-teel-ahn, nat.; Nueva Ecija, Luzón. ah-ray'-nass, Sp.); point in S. Mindanao. MAPAIT (mah-pah-it'), nat.; hamlet on shore of MAPUYA (mah-pool-yah), ver.; hamlet on N. Gallo Malo channel to E. of Tawi Tawi I., coast of Biliran I., off NW. coast of Leyte. Sulu A. MAPUYO (mah-pool-yoh), ver.; point in Biliran - river in Batangas, Luzón, tributary of I., off NW. coast of Leyte. Bulan. MAPÁLIT (mah-pah'-lit). Tag.; mountain in MAQNÁUIT (mak-nah'-wit). ver.; tributary of Rizal, formerly Mórong, Luzón. Malinao Riv., N. coast of Negros Occidental. MAPÁLUG (mah-pah-loog), Tag.; mountain in MAQUEDA (mah-kay-dah), Sp.; bay 61 m. at its Rizal, formerly Mórong, Luzón. entrance and 7 fms, deep, shallow inside, on W. coast of Samar, 3 m. s. of Catbalogan. MAPANAS (mah-pah'-nass), nat.; point on NE. On its shores are towns of Hiabong, Paranas, coast of Sámar, lat. 12° 31' 10'' N. and San Sebastián MAPANDE (mah-pahn-day). ver.; point on E. channel 6 m, wide, between extreme NE. coast of SE. peninsula of Davao, Mindanao, point of Albay, Luzón, and Catanduanes I., 61 m. S. of Pujada Bay. in Pacific Ocean. MAPANGA (mah-pahng'-ah), ver.; bayon E. MAQUILAO (mah-key-lah'-oh), nat; point and shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao. creek on w. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, MAPAONA (mah-pah-oh-nah), nat.; hamlet on r. Mindanao, and N. head to Panguil Bay, 10 bank of Tagún Riv., Dávao, Mindanao. m. SW. of Misamis. MAPÁTAG (mah-pah'-tag), nat.; point on sw. MAQUÍLING (mah-key-ling), Tag.; mountain, coast of Antique, Panay. 3,724 ft. high, lat. 14° 8' N., lon. 21° 10' E., MAPILIO (mah-pee'-lew), Tag.; point in Batan- in SW. part of Laguna, near boundary with gas, Luzón, lat. 13° 45 40' N. Batangas, Luzón; one of 3 volcanic peaks- MAPILIT (mah-pee-lit), nat.; mountain in S. Santo Tomás, Maquiling, and Los Baños; Sámar at head waters of Lanang Riv., 15 m. lies NE. Of Taal Volcano, in Tagaytay range, WSW. of that town. which divides provinces of Batangas and La- S. Doc. 280— 41 642 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MAQUÍLING-Continued. MARALI-BALI (mah-rah - lee- bah'-lee), Tag.; guna; its crater inside presents very abrupt hamlet in pueblo of Morón, Bataan, Luzón, walls, most marked toward N., where they near W. coast. are almost vertical, and have elevation of MARALISON (mah-rah-lee'-sohn), ver.; island 1 1,666 ft. m. E. and W., 4m. SW. of Lipata Pt., and 3 m. - peak, 4,783 ft. high, in Maquíling range, E. of Colasi, on W. coast of Antique, Panay. between Batangas and Laguna, Luzón. MARAMA (mah-rah'-mah), ver.; river in Min- - peak, 3,777 ft. high, in Caraballo Sur, in danao. Laguna, Luzón. MARANDING (mah-ralın-ding'), nat.; river en- MAQUILIQUÍAN (mah-key-lee-keel-ahn), ver.; tering extreme SE. shore of Panguil Bay, point in Negros. Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. MAQUILIQUIL (mah-key-lee-kill'), ver.; pointMARANGÁS (mah-rahng-ahs'), nat.; village ca on E. Shore of Guimarás Strait, Negros Occi SE. coast of Palawan, shore of Ipolote Bay, dental, 1 m. N. of Ginigaran. formerly of some trade. MAQUINAG (mah-key-nahg). ver.; point and - settlement on mainland of Sulu I., Sulu A., village in Camiguin I., N. of Misamis, Min near capital. Inhabitants are chiefly en- danao. gaged in pearl fishery in channel between settlement and Sulu anchorage. MAQUINALO (mah-key-nah'-law), ver.; hamlet MARANGAY (mah-rang'-i), nat.; point on ex- in pueblo of Catarman, N. coast of Sámar. treme SE. coast of Leyte and N. headland of MAQUINATEN (mah-key-nah-tayn), ver.; moun- entrance to Panaón Strait, from Surigao Strait tain in NW. Abra, Luzón, on boundary with on E. Ilocos Sur. (Also Maguinalin.) MARANGSÉ (mah-rang-say'), ver.; hamlet at head MAQUINIT (mah-key-nit), nat.; cluster of islets of Panglatan, tributary of Ulut Riv., in cen- in channel between Corón (S.) and Busuanga tral Sámar. (N.), approaching Port Usón from E., Cala- MARANTAO (mah-rahn-tah'-oh), ver.; island 247 mianes grp., off NE. coast of Paragua, Pala- ft. high, i m. W. of Hummock Pt., W. coast wan. oi Palawan. MARAAT (mah-rah-at'), ver.; hamlet on NW.coast MARANTOW, for.; point on extreme SE. coast of of Cebú, 11 m. S. of Remigio. Palawan. MARABAO (mah-rah-bah'-oh), ver.; mountain in MARÁOA (mah-rah'-wah), ver.; islet off opening - central range of Leyte, 9 m. E. of Albuera. of Camansi Bay, N. coast of Cápiz, Panay. MARABAY (mah-rah-by'), nat.; range of moun MARAPATANG (mah-rah-pah-tang'), ver.; anchor- tains inland 1 m. from Bush Pt., E. shore of age in S. Mindanao. Ulugan Bay, W. coast of Palawan. Harbor MARAQUITDÁQUIT (mah-rah-kit-dah'-kit), nat.; hill, 960 ft. high, stands at N. point of range, which here divides, one branch extending point on E. coast of Leyte, lat. 11° 5' N.. SE., other SW. MARARÁ (mah-rah-rah'), Tag., creek in Verde I., - point on E. shore of Ulugan Bay, 14 m. NW. S. of Batangas, Luzón. of range of same name, W. coast of Paragua, MARASI (mah-rah'-see), ver.; bay formed from Palawan. Rock Pt., where coast trends E. 4 m., sw. MARABGÁS (mah-rab-gass'), ver.; mountain E. of coast of Palawan. Yubasán Riv. in E. Sámar. MARASINGAN (mah-rah-singl-ahn), ver.; hamlet MARAC (mah-rack'), ver.; small stream on sw. on l. bank of small river entering Sibuguey Bay on NE. shore, 4, m. inland, SE. of Cabut coast of Leyte, entering sea at Inopacan. I., Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. Near this MARACANAO (mah-rah-cah-nyah'-oh), ver.; islet village layers of coal have been found. 500 ft. high in Cuyos grp., Mindoro Sea, 44 m. MARAYAG (mah-rah-yag'), ver.; mountain in E. NE. by E. of Agutaya. coast range of Panaón I., off SE. point of Leyte. MARACITDACIT (mah-rah-thit-dah-thit); island MARÁYAT, or MARARAYAP (mah-rah'-yaht, mah- near Buad I., W. coast of Sámar. rah-rah-yap'), Tag.; mountain in Luzon MARADIONAN (mah-rah-dee-oh'- nahn), ver.; marking limits between Batangas and Taya- hamlet on W. coast of Antique, Panay. bas. Is very extensive and elevated. MARADISON (mah-rah-deel-sawn), nat.; island MARAYO (mah-rah'-yoh), ver.; hamlet 1 m. SE. off W. coast of Antique, Panay, lat. 11° 21' N. of Pontevedra, Negros Occidental. MARAGANDÁN (mah-rah-gahn-dahn'), ver.; trib MARÁTOC (mah-rah'-yock), ver.; E. tributary of utary of San Enrique Riv., Negros Occidental. Bao Riv., in W. Leyte, taking rise in Mahiao MARAGO (mah-rah'-goh), ver.; town in Negros Mt. Occidental. MARCILLA (mar-theel-lyah), Sp.; village on E. MARAGONDÓN (mah-rah-gawn-dawn'), Tag.; coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., NE. of pueblo in Cavite, Luzón, on main road, 18 m. Paragua, Palawan, immediate S. of Alon-on SW. of Cavite. Pop. 8,313. Pt., and 224 m. E. across island from Corón, - river in Cavite, Luzón, in pueblo of same chief town. name. MARCUS, or WEEKS, for.; outlying island in N. river in NW. part of Batangas, Luzón. Pacific Ocean, lat. 24° 14' N., lon. 153° 4' E.. (See Patugan Cove.) 780 naut. m. NE. by N. of Guam (U.S.), 1,170 naut. m. SE. of Yokohama (Japan), 1,440 naut. MARAGUE (mah-rah-gay), ver.; hamlet of Ca- m. NW. of Marshall I. (German). It lies about gayán, Luzon, on 1. shore of Cagayan Riv., 4 300 naut. m. N. of and about halfway by m. sw. of Tuguegarao and connected by cart steam route between Manila via San Bernar- road. dino Strait, Guam (U. S.), and Midway Is. to MARAGUSAN (mah-rah-goo'-sahn), nat.; point on San Francisco; 150 naut. m. N. of steam route E. coast of Leyte, lat. 10° 13' N. from Balingtan channel to Hawaii (U. S.): MARAHUÍ (mah-rah-hooy'), ver.; hamlet on NW. 920 naut. m. E. by N. of Babuyanes grp. off shore of Lanao Lake, Misamis, Mindanao. NE. coast of Cagayán, Luzón; 2,940 naut. m. MARAJÁTAC (mah-rah-hah'-tack), nat.; hamlet W. by N. of Hawaii (U.S.); 240 naut. m. S. and in pueblo of Tándag, Mindanao. about midway on circle route between Hono- lulu and Manila or Hongkong. It is on MARÁLAG (mah-rah'-lahg), nat.; point on NW. steam route of full-powered vessels between coast of Dapitan, Mindanao, lat. go 17' 50" Yokohama and Tutuila, Samoa (U. S.). via N., lon. 1220 46' 39" E. Marshall I. (German). It is 810 naut. m. MARÁLANG (mah-rah'-lahng), nat.; river on W. NW. of Wake I. (U. S.). on steam route coast of Catanduanes, NE. of Albay, Luzón. between Guam and Honolulu. Island is 13 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 643 MARCUS, or WEEKS-Continued. | MARICABÁN, island 7 m. NW. to SE. and 24 m. m. N. and S., m. E. and W., 60 ft. high, and NE. to SW., and several smaller ones lying 11 safely approached from all sides. It is cov. m. S. off Cazador Pt., Calumpan Pen., Batan- ered with vegetation, and reports of 1901 gas, Luzón. mention village on its shore. It is referred MARICALÓN (mah-ree-cah-lawn'), ver.: hamlet to as early as 1864 by American missionary on S. shore of bay on SW. coast of Negros Oc- brig Morning Star. Alleged notification of cidental, 118 m. S. of Inayauan. July 24, 1898, by governor of Tokio Fu (Japan), MARICHINIT (mah-ree-chee-nit'), ver.; mountain alludes to island as part of Bonin grp. on steam on Buad I., off Maqueda Bay, W. coast of Sa- route between Yokohama (Japan), and Guam (U. S.). mar. MARGA (mar'-gah), ver.; inlet in S. Mindanao. MARIDAGAO (mah-ree-dah-gow'), nat.; village and river m. E. on r. bank of upper Grande MARGAJO (mahr-gah'-hoh), Sp.; point NE. end Riv. of Mindanao, Lanao, Mindanao. of Carogo or Puro I., E. head of NE. channel MARIDAGO (mah-ree-dah'-goh), ver.; tortuous to Loog Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. river, rising in center of Mindanao, enters Li- MARGOY (mar-goy'), ver.; hamlet of N. Cápiz, guasan Lagoon through 2 mouths on N. side Panay, 2; m. S. of Sigma. in SE. Cotabato, Mindanao; on r. shore are MARGUILLES (mar-geel-lyays), Sp.; hamlet on several conspicuous islands, one of which is E. coast of S. peninsula of Davao, Mindanao, 499 ft. high. 75 m. S. of Dávao. MARIGA-BATÚ, or RED ROCK (mah-ree-gah-bah- MARÍA (mah-reel-ah). Sp.; hamlet in W. Antique, too'), nat.; S. point of entrance to Polloc Har- Panay, 1 m. E. of Guisijan. bor, E. coast of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Min- - islet in midchannel between Masbate (N.) danao. and Cebú (S.), 1 m. E. of Carnasa I. MARIGAL (mah-ree-gahl'), ver.; E. head at open- - pueblo in Negros Oriental. Pop., 5,415. ing of Palawan Bay, NW. coast of Mindoro. Town of Paluan lies 2 m. N. on NE. shore, -- pueblo in island of Bohol. Pop., in 1887. 4,976. MARIGATDÁN (mah-ree-gat-dahn')ver.; point on W. shore of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, MARÍA ANGELES (mah-ree'-ah ahn-hay-lays), E. coast of Leyte. Sp.; hamlet at mouth of Matinao Riv., 3 m. SW. of Paric. MARIGIL (mah-ree-hill'), ver.; poi tin Mindoro. MARIGONDON (mah-ree-gohn-dawn'), ver.; town MARÍA ANTONIA (mah-ree'-ah ahn-toh'-neeah), on SW. coast of Albay, Luzón, 10 m. N. of Sp.; port in NE. Cagayán, Luzón. point of same name, 22 m. Wsw. of Albay. MARÍA CRISTINA (mah-ree'-ah cris-tee-nah). - river in Cavite, Luzón, in pueblo of same Sp.; hamlet at head of bay on NW. coast of name. Leyte, 7 m. N. of Villaba. -- rocky steep-to point on SW. coast of Albay, -pueblo in Misamis, Mindanao. Pop., 140. Luzon, opposite Burias I. MARIANAS (mah-ree-ah'-nass), Sp.; hamlet on N. | MARIJATAC (mah-ree-hah-tack'), ver; town on coast of Negros Occidental, at Guimugahan SE. shore of bay immediately N. of Lianga Pt., 6 m. NW. of Arguelles. Bay, E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 86 m. SE. - river in Negros Occidental, with wide arm of Surigao. Tanao, empties on N. coast. MARILAO (mah-ree-lah'-oh), Tag.; pueblo and MARIBOJOC (mah-ree-boh-hock'), nat.; pueblo station on Manila and Dagupan Railroad, and important road center on SW. coast of on 1. bank of one of outlets of Pampanga Bohol, 8 m. N. of Tagbilaran, 22 m. E. across delta, in Bulacan, Luzón, 5 m. SE. of Bulacan. sea channel from Dalaguete, Cebú; town on Pop., 5,075. NE. shore of Maribojoc Bay is situated on MARILISAN (mah-ree - lee! - sahn), ver.; small high ground; river Abalán enters bay 2, m. island opposite village of Colasi, Antique, W. SE. of town. Pop., 10,853. coast Panay; gypsum and marl exist in vi- - bay in elbow E. of Cruz Pt., SW. coast of cinity. Bohol; town of Maribojoc is on NE. shore. MARILY (mah - reel-lee), ver.; island thickly wooded, 300 ft. high, 3 by 2 m., in Busuanga- MARICA (mah-reel-cah), Sp.; river entering s. Calamian channel, Calamianes grp., off NE. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, SE. of Zam- coast of Paragua, Palawan. boanga. MARINAO (mah-ree-now'), ver.: mountain in SE. MARICABÁN (mah-ree-cah-bahn'), Tag.; village Leyte, 6 m. WNW. of Hinunangan. on shore of Manila Bay, 15 m, N. of Parañaque, MARINAP (mah-ree-nap'). ver.: bay SE. of Bulag Rizal, Luzon. Bay, on extreme SW. coast of Sorsogon, island lying in bight of coast between Luzón. Hummock Pt. and Albion, head of Tagba- - point between Bulag and Marinap bays, yug Bay, W. coast of Palawan. SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. - N. passage N. of Maricabán, between Mari- MARINAS (mah-reel-nass), Sp.: point at SE. shore caban I. and Batangas, Luzón. Ramos I., N. of Balabae I., Balábac grp., off -S. passage S. of Maricabán, between islands SW. point of Palawan and N. head at entrance of Maricabán and Mindoro. to Candaraman inlet. MARINDUQUE, PROVINCE OF, OFF TAYABAS COAST, LUZON (Mah-reen-doof-kay, Sp.) Capital: Boac, lat. 13° 27' N., lon. 121° 49' E. Area: Mainland, 667 sq. m.; dependent islands, 14 sq. m.; total, 681 sq. m. Population: 48,000. Race: Tagálog. Language: Almost entirely Tagálog. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. 644 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Table of distances. m. From Boac to- Manila.. Manila via Verde Passage Pagbilao, Tayabas, Luzón. 97 1575 37 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The island province of Marinduque occupies a central position in the N. waters of Mindoro Sea on N. side of the Verde Passage route between Manila and San Bernar- dino Strait route to Guam, Hawaii, and San Francisco (U. S.), and to the Visayan and S. islands. It is completely encircled from NW. to SE. by the opposite coast of Tayabas, Luzón, at distances ranging from 29 m. to the NW., 113 m. to the NE., and 25 m. to the E., opposite the extreme S. Tablas I. lies 36 m. S., and Mindoro 23 m, nearest point W. AREA The island is nearly circular in shape, its greatest measurements 24 m. N. and S., and 23 m. E. and W. Area, 667 sq. m. mainland; dependent islands, 14 sq. m.; total, 681 sq. m. Under its jurisdiction is the great island of Mindoro and the Lubang grp. PHYSICAL FEATURES. in the center the Bay of Sa pagún. These arly by steamen the United The mountain system consists of a principal range running from N. to S. from the most N. part to Dumali, in the extreme S. part. From Mt. San Antonio, situated in the center of the range, there are various spurs running E. and W., one of which terminates at the Bay of Sagao. The principal peaks are Marlanga, or Tablazo, Catala, Gasán, Tapían, and Pagún. These summits are used as landmarks by navigators of the Mindoro Sea and particularly by steamers passing between San Bernardino Strait and the Verde Passage en voyage between the United States and Manila. BAYS AND HARBORS. their Calancantoras 12 fme is sw.od discharer Bana There are 2 bays on the N. coast, between Pts. San Andrés and Santa Cruz, their waters separated by Trapichihan Pt., the W. (Sugayo) having 22 fms. and the E. (Calancan) 10 fms. Marlanga, on the E. coast, between Pts. Salomague and Marlanga, affords 12 fms. Boac; the anchorage is SW. of the stone fort at the mouth of the river. At high- water boats enter the Laylay and discharge inside. Loog; an arm of Port San Andrés, or Banacalan; has shelter from the SW. Calancan and Sayo are coves on the W. coast. San Andrés, or Banacalan; on the NW. coast, surrounded by a high wooded country; affords shelter in all weather at 10 and 12 fms. The inner harbor entrance, 1 cable (720 ft.) wide, with an islet in the middle, is å m. in extent and has 51 to 8 fms. A vessel inside is not only sheltered, but completely hidden from the sea. Vessels drawing 5 ft. or more should keep outside the small island off W. projection. Santa Cruz de Napo; has a safe and commodious harbor and excellent holding ground, specially important as a harbor of refuge for vessels overtaken by bad weather while making the passage between Manila and San Bernardino straits. The landing place to communicate with the town is on the N. side of the stream, 3 m. from the anchorage. These bays afford fairly safe anchorages according to the direction of the prevail- ing monsoon. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The chief towns are connected by a regularly constructed road, along the W. coast, from Buena Vista to Boac, and a trail E. from Boac, across the island, to Santa Cruz de Napo, thence to Torrijos S. along the E. coast, thence across the S. part of the island to Buena Vista. Steamers call at the island weekly. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The inhabitants are almost wholly Tagálogs. The population, 48,000, is repre- sented by a large proportion in the towns, the rest being scattered along the coast. Boac; on the l. bank of the Boac Riv., 2 m. from its mouth. A large stone church, built on a hill, and strongly fortified by bastioned walls and natural cliffs of rock, buBoac; on ther. The chief towns:e towns, the rest "he population, 48 BOAC, CAPITAL FORTIFIED CHURCH AT BOAC. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 645 bank of the river aparing favorably witown are built is the central building of the place. Below it the town proper is well laid out, with streets at right angles, bounded by the river on one side and neighboring rice fields on the other, beyond which rise the foothills of the San Antonio range. An old Spanish road, with stone culverts, runs due W. to the seashore, along which are built the nipa shacks of the poorer native class. Many houses in the town are built of wood, and 6 or 8 masonry-walled structures, comparing favorably with substantial buildings in Manila. On the r. bank of the river are 3 hamlets, of from 200 to 300 inhabitants each, and several small fishing villages. Pop., 14,722. Buena Vista; on the SW. coast, 18 m. S. of Boac, well laid out, and contains 8 or 10 wooden houses. Connected with Torrijos by a very good trail, passable at all seasons of the year to pack ponies, passing through the mountain village of Mala- brigo, of about 500 inhabitants. This village is in the grazing country at the foot of the N. slope of Marlanga. From a point on the mountain side 1 m. S. of the village, both the E. and W. coasts of the island can be seen. The highroad ends at the town of Buena Vista, 7 or 8 m. below Gasán. S. of this the spurs of Mount Marlanga terminate in steep, rocky cliffs, cutting off all communication along the seashore. A difficult mountain trail leads through a pass, and connects Buena Vista with a small fishing village situated on a little bay S. of the cliffs. The entire shore of this bay is coral formation. Cáuit; about 5 m. S. of the mouth of the Boac Riv., on the main road along the coast, with a wooden church and several wooden houses, among them a large hemp storehouse. Along this old Spanish road, which in times past has had good bridges, both of wood and stone, has been repaired, the nipa shacks extending for m. or more in each direction. The coast villages and towns extend from N. to S. along the highroad, as the foothills behind and the sea in front stop any attempt at lateral growth. Wherever the river breaks through the hills a village is found 1 m, or so inland, the shacks built near the water. Dauis; a hamlet of Gasán, 1 m. inland and 3 m. S. of Gasán. Pop., 300, estimated. Gasán; 11 m. S. of Boac on the main coast road, is a substantial town, with a church and several church buildings of stone. The church is strongly fortified and built upon a commanding cliff overhanging the town, a picturesque site and a formi- dable military position. In a small, ruined stone tower are 3 Spanish cannon of great age, so firmly imbedded in the rock and débris that the Filipinos have been unable to remove them. Before the insurrection this town was an important trad- ing center for all the farming country around Mount Marlanga and the fertile valleys of the interior. Around it are numerous barrios connected by wide trails of easy grade located near the branches of the Gasán Riv. and making it a popular town for the local native trade in hemp and rice, as contrasted to the difficulties of transpor- tation as offered by the steep mountain country around Torrijos on the E. coast. Off the coast, somewhat to the S. of the mouth of the Gasán Riv., are "The Three Kings,” 3 small islands with many families living on them belonging to the pueblo of Gasán and adding to its trade. Shoals and sandbars offer the same difficulty to landing merchandise as are encountered off the coast at Boac. A small steamer drawing 6 or 8 ft. can approach within 1,000 yds. of the town by keeping due E. of the white stone storehouse at the mouth of the river at the N. end of the town. Pop., 2,500, estimated March, 1901. Mogpog; 1 m. from the NW. coast and 3 m. N. of Boac, built amid the rice fields 1 m. inland, on the main trail from Boac to Santa Cruz. No other town on the W. coast N. of Mogpog, but a number of fishing villages near the anchorage of San Andrés. Pop., 5,214. Santa Cruz (de Napo); port of entry for coasting vessels, 3 m. from the anchor- age, 1} m. from the shore, and 18 m. W. of Boac. The anchorage is safe, ships com- ing in between the island and the mainland and anchoring in perfectly quiet water with good holding ground in 8 to 12 fms. There is difficulty, however, in landing from a steamer by small boat to a point in the river 12 m. from the town, owing to the narrow channel, deviation from which of a few feet either way causes grounding the boat in light tide. An unfinished stone breakwater runs for over 1,000 yds. from the landing place. The town is not as well built as Boac, but is the best place for a town on the island, as it is surrounded by a fertile country, and especially as it has the safest anchorage for steamers anywhere within 6 hours' run. espec, 15,797..neblo on the SE.nning through hills N. of Torrimague, which i crive hy a well-travsanta Cruz and oththe coast linehan 300 yds. wide. h Torrijos a Torrijos; pueblo on the SE. coast, 18} m. ESE. of Boac, is connected with Santa Cruz by a well-traveled trail running through a fertile valley for 5 m., and crossing the range SW. of Santa Cruz and the high hills N. of Torrijos. This valley lies between the 2 ranges 4 or 5 m. E. of the coast line of Pt. Salomague, which is one vast mangrove swamp. A small bay, not more than 300 yds. wide, has a good anchorage directly in its center of 6 fms. On both sides of the bay of Torrijos a coral reef extends for } m. from the shore. There are between 10 and 15 hamlets of 646 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Torrijos, extending to Malabrigo, 5 m. S. to the mountain barrios in the W. moun- tains beyond Torrijos and bordering on the N. by the S. barrios of Santa Cruz. S. of Torrijos, along the coast, are barrios of from 200 to 400 population each. They are surrounded by extensive rice fields. Pop., 3,119. Interior towns; there is no large town in the interior of the island, but many hamlets, several of them being nicely laid out with one long street, with bamboo fences around the houses and beds of colios, which is the favorite plant of these people for ornamental purposes. The rice and hemp are collected in these mountain hamlets and brought into the coast towns to sell. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. sq. m. Anibayas; cluster of 3 moderately hilly islands, off the NE. coast before the port of Santa Cruz, named Santa Cruz... Maninayan ....... Mompog ......... Banol; in the entrance to Calancán Bay ..... Elephant; sugar loaf rock with a few trees, i m. S. of Pt. Sabín, S. coast Engaño; barren rock on the NW... San Andrés; 2 islets 1 m. W. of the NW. point of the island... Santa Cruz, or Anibayas; at the N. mouth of the port of that name. Tres Reyes; off the Sw. coast- Baltasar (SW.)... Gaspar (central). Melchor (NE.).......... (Of moderate height, peaked and clean, except Gaspar, which has rocks on its E. side.) An island E. coast, off Torrijos... Total. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The chief products of the province are rice, cocoanuts, and hemp. Camotes form a staple article of diet. MINERALS. The mountains give marked indications of the existence of lead, silver, and argen- tiferous galena, the latter particularly in the vicinity of Torrijos. FORESTS. The island is covered with woods and undergrowth in tropical variety. FRUITS. Fruits abound and are an important article of diet among the people. INDUSTRIES AND COMMERCE. The chief pursuit of the island is the raising of rice, which is exported in large quantities. There is also a large production of cocoanuts for conversion into copra. Hemp is also cultivated to a large extent for weaving the hemp of Marinduque vari- ety of peculiar fine quality. The slopes of Mt. Marlanga, at the S. end of the islands, are covered with fine grazing grounds. Many hundred cattle, carabaos, and horses are found here. The advantageous position of the island, with respect to the chief lines of local sea communication between Manila and the Visayas and Minda- nao, makes its chief towns, Boac and Santa Cruz de Napo, frequent ports of call för steamers. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The occupation of Marinduque, the first important position after leaving Verde Passage S., was one of the earliest expeditions during the winter of 1898-99 to take possession of the Visayan Is. and Mindanao. On February 15, 1902, the following were the military stations in Marinduque: Boac, a Gasán (Gazán). • * Telegraph. b Telephone. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 647 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The territory in the island of Marinduque and small islands immediately adjacent were created a province May 1, 1901, under that name and conformable to the pro- visions of the general enabling act of February 6, 1901. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. d of Lubande same act si Incorporating governm [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor.. $1,000 Secretary .. 300 Treasurer... 1,500 Supervisor ..... 1, 300 Fiscal .......... 300 And the necessary traveling expenses while absent on duty not to exceed $1 per day. Presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities to meet and organize on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October to perform the duties prescribed. On June 23, 1902, the provisions of the provincial government act and its amend- ments were extended to Mindoro by incorporating that island with the province of Marinduque. By the same act “The small islands adjacent to Mindoro, including the island of Lubang, which were detached from the province of Cavite, to which it then belonged, were annexed to the province of Marinduque." The provincial secretary, provincial treasurer, provincial supervisor, and provin- cial fiscal for the existing province of Marinduque were declared to be, respectively, the secretary, treasurer, supervisor, and fiscal of the said province as enlarged. The provincial governor of Marinduque was continued, but without executive or other power over any portion of the territory incorporated in the province of Marinduque by this act. A military governor was required to be appointed by the major-general commanding the division, over Mindoro, until the election of a new governor for the consolidated province of Marinduque, the governor so elected to have jurisdiction over the whole province of Marinduque, as established by this act. The capital of the consolidated province to continue at Boac. The provincial board of Marinduque remained as constituted by the original act. The provincial board of Mindoro and adjacent islands to consist of the governor of island of Mindoro and the provincial treasurer and provincial supervisor of the con- solidated province. In all other matters of administration the two islands were to remain distinct until after the election of a provincial governor in February, 1904, as provided by the provincial-government act. ain distincince. In a provinciaan CONDITIONS. “The presidentes and other municipal officials are conscientious and diligent in the performance of their duty. They take kindly to our advice, and new methods as suggested by us are put into execution as soon as practicable. “As for the people they are busily engaged in their different lines of agriculture and gathering of hemp, an extraordinary amount of which has been exported from these ports in the last 3 months. On all roads are daily seen lines of pack ponies and carabao sleds loaded, not as of yore with insurgent chow and ammunition, but with large bundles of beautiful white hemp for the Manila market, which, when dis- posed of, places pesos in the pocket of the poorer classes. Taxes of all kinds are paid good-naturedly and without complaint."-Report of provincial treasurer, December, 1901. is the last 3 months of yore with the Manila mark MARINÓN (mah-ree-nohn'), ver.; islet off S. shore of Usón I. on S. coast of Busuanga I., Cala- mianes grp., off NE. point of Paragua, Palawan. MARINTOC (mah-rin-tock'), ver.; point on NE. MARIQUI point E. of mouth of river of that name on's. shore of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, 2 m. E. of Zamboanga. MARIQUINA (mah-ree-keyi-nah), Tag,; pueblo in coast of Masbate I., Visayas. MARIPIPÍ (mah-ree-pee-pee'), nat.; pueblo in N. Leyte, 1 m. from Leyte. Pop., 1,998. - island 3 by 4 m., 16 m. E. of SE. point of Masbate, Visayas. Town of same name on E. shore. MARIQUI (mah-reel-key), ver.; small river emp- tying into Basilan Strait, 14 m. E. by S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. Rizal, Luzón, 7 m, from Manila City. Road connects it with Caloocan. Pop., 10,313. - river in Rizal, Luzon, emptying into La- guna de Bay on its NW. shore, at inlet of Pasig Riv. Is connecting stream between Laguna de Bay outlet and San Mateo Riv. MARIQUIT (mah-ree-kit'), nat.; mangrove island on bight of coast between Hammock Pt. and Albion head on w. coast of Palawan ap- proaching Tagbáyug Bay. 648 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MARIQUIT, point on Daram channel, on E. coast | MARUNCO (mah-roon-coh'), Tag.; bamlet in Bu- of Biliran I., off NW. coast of Leyte, 1 m. N. lacán, Luzon, at forks of roads, 13 m. NE. of of Culaba. Bulacán. MARIRIG (mah-ree-rig'), nat.; islet on N. side of MARUPINAS (mah-roo-peel-nass), ver.; hamlet entrance to Sorsogon port, Sorsogón, Luzon, Don S. shore of St. Pauls Bay, SW. coast of off Saklayán Pt. Paragua, Palawan. MARITAN (mah-reel-tahn), nat.; summit 249 ft. MARURÚGAO (mah-roo-roof-gah-oh), ver.; river high, on SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of in Mindanao. Zambales, Luzón. MASACA (mah-sah-cah'), Tag.; point on E. coast MARIUR (mah-ree-oor), ver.; hamlet on SE. of Bataan, bay of Manila, Luzón. shore of Iligan Bay, S. side of S. arm of outlet MASACIT (mah-sah-thit), nat.; hill 138 ft. high on of Iligan Riy., Misamis, Mindanao. r. bank of Upper Grande Riv. of Mindanao, . MARIVELES (mah-ree-vay-lace); mountain and m. below bend of that name. extinct volcano 4,678 ft. high, crest of group MASÁDIT (mah-sah'-deet), nat.; mountain in of elevations in S. end of Bataan, Luzon, dis- pueblo of Búcay, Abra, Luzón. tant 7 m. from bay of Manila on É. and China Sea on W., lat. 14° 31' N., lon. 120° 26' E. MASAGARAT (mah-sah-gah-raht'), ver.; mountain (Also Nagouliat.) in Leyte. - port on N. side of entrance to Manila Bay MASAGÓ (mah-sah-goh'), nat.; hamlet on W. and s. land of Bataan, Luzón. coast of S. Antique, Panay, 11 m. N. of Dao. - pueblo in Bataan, Luzón, on NW. shore of MASAGUISI (mah-sah-gee'-see), Tag.; river on Marinduque I. port of that name, at entrance to Manila Bay, 16 m. S. of Balanga. Pop., 1,429. MASAHIN (mah-sah -heen), Tag.; river in Batan- - N. entrance point of Nin and Cacanayat gas, Luzón, emptying into sea on E. coast, lat. 13° 47' 10" N. bays, W. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. MARLANG (mahr-lang'), ver.: river of Catan- MASALA (mah-sah-lah), nat.; point on E. coast duanes Is., NE. of Albay, Luzón, emptying on of Dávao, Mindanao, S. of Pujada Bay. W. coast. MASALACAY (mah-sah-lah-ki'), Tag.; peak in MARLANGA, or TABLAZO (mar-lahn'-gah, ver.; Caraballo Sur, in Tayabas, Luzón. tah-blah'-thoh, Sp.); mountain in Marin. MASALACOT (mah-sah-lah-caught'), Tag.; moun- duque I., in extreme SE., forming point of tain in pueblo of Dolores, Tayabas, Luzón, same name on coast. S. of Majayjay. - point on E. coast of Marinduque I. (see MASALAYSAY (mah-sah-lie-sigh'), Tag.; peak Salomague Pt.), dominated by high moun 2,807 ft. high, in Maquíling range, between tains, affording excellent landmark. Cavite and Batangas, Luzón. bay on E. coast of Marinduque I. MASALUPA (mah-sah-loo'-pah), nat.; river in town on Marinduque I. Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón, rising N. of Caraballo Sur and emptying into Magat Riy. MAROG (mah-rohg'), nat.; point on E. coast of MASANTOL (mah-sahn-tall'), nat.; hamlet in Sorsogon, Luzon, overlooking San Bernardino Strait. pueblo of Macabebe, Pampanga, Luzón. MARONGAS (mah-rong'-ass), ver.; island 1 sq.m., MASANAY (mah-sah'-ni), nat.; river in Negros 285 ft. high, i m. sw. of Pangasinan, off N. Occidental emptying on NW. coast in lat. 10° shore of Sulu I., Sulu A. Shelters roadstead 33' N. of Sulu. MASAPA (mah-sah'-pah), nat.; river in extreme MAROONGAS (mah-roh-ohn-gass'), nat.; island SE. part of Negros Oriental, falling into sea of Sulu grp., Sulu A., off NW, coast of Sulu I. 1 m. sw. of Dauín. MAROPORO (mah-roh-poh-roh); island near MASAPÍLIT (mah-sah-pee'-lit), nat.; hamlet in Buad I., W. coast of Sámar. Pampanga, central Luzon, near N. boundary, MARQUÉS (mahr-kess'), Sp.; creek entering on l. 16 m. from Bacolor. bånk of S. arin of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, - point in Buad I., off Maqueda Bay, W. coast Cotabato, Mindanao. of Sámar. MAROUIL (mar-keel'), nat., point on SE. coast of Dast of MASARAGA (mah-sah-rah'-gah), ver.; mountain Toilo, Panay, lat. 10° 57' N. and extinct volcano 4,442 ft. high, in NE. Al- bay, Luzón, about 7 m. inland from Tabaco MARRA (mah'-rrah), Sp.; hamlet in S. part of Gulf and 13 m. NW. of Albay, lat. 13° 18' N., Cotabato, Mindanao, lat. 6° 18' 30" N., lon. lon. 123° 35. 124° 36' E. MASASUNJIOC (mah-sah-soon-heeock'), nat.: islet MARTELO (mar-tay-loh), Sp.; hamlet on E. coast off NW. shore of Buri I., W. coast of Sámar. of Negros Oriental. 2 m. N. of Jimalalud. MARTIN, for.; hill 374 ft. high on S. shore of Ramos MASAYÁ (mah-sah-yah'), Tag.; river in Luzon. I., N. of Balábac I. of that group, off SW. point MASAYNET (mah-sah-eel-net), nat.; summit 394 of Palawan. ft. SE. of Súbic, N. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. MARTINEZ (mar-tee'-nayth), Sp.; point at ex- treme end of narrow peninsula on NW. shore MASAYOC (mah-sah-yoc') ver.; river in Leyte. of Balábac I., Balábac grp., off sw. end of | MASBÁN (mas-bahn') Tag.; river emptying into Palawan, and forming W. shore of Ciego port, China Sea in Bataan, Luzón. with frontage on China Sea of 25 m. to MASBATE (mahs-bah'-tav), ver.: passage between Iranzo Pt. Masbate and Ticao Is., Visayan Sea. - point on SE. extreme of Bongao I., Tawi - river of same name emptying on S. coast, Tawi I., Sulu A., W. head of channel be- Masbate, Visayas. tween it and Papahag and Sanga-sanga Is. MASBATE (mass-bah'-tay), ver.; pueblo, p. o., and -- hamlet in pueblo of Búcay, Abra, Luzón. capital of Masbate I., on E. shore of Palánog MARTINS, for.; bluff on Tulián I., off S. shore of port, lat. 12° 20'2" N., lon. 123° 30'8" E., ap- Sulu I., Sulu A., near Carang Carang hamlet. proximately. Pop., 2,345. MASBATE, VISAYAS, PROVINCE OF. (Mass-bah'tay, Vee-sah'-yass.) Capital: Masbate, lat. 12° 33' N., lon. 123° 37' E. Area: Burias, 268 sq. m.; Masbate, 1,315 sq. m.; Ticao, 149 sq. m.; total, 1,732 sq. m. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 649 • Population: 23,089. Race: Vícol, Tagalog, and Visayan. Language: Vícol, Tagalog, and Visayan. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. m. 285 From Masbate to Manila (NW.) .............. Manila via Verde Passage ....... San Pascual Burias I. (NW.)... San Jacinto Ticao I. (NE.)... 800 69 15 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The 3 main and 65 dependent islands composing this province lie in the E. waters of the Visayan Sea. (See Burias and Ticao, Islands of.) Masbate; the largest and name island of the province, beginning 101 m. SW. of the S. point of Burias I., continues with a SE. trend from 6 to 10. m. off the SW. shore of Ticao, and thence fronting San Bernardino Strait 26. m. W. of Capul light and the NW. shore of Sámar to within 202 m. of the extreme NW. point of Leyte. The Visayan Sea and Asid Gulf lie on the S. The extreme SW. point of Masbate (Pulanauta) reaches within 30 m. of Panay. To the W. is the Romblon grp. occupying about the middle of the Mindoro Sea between Bugui, the extreme N. point of Masbate, and Ticlín Pt., Mindoro, 1181 m. due W. The greatest length of the province, including the intervening waters, from Arena I., lat. 13° 9' 30'' N., lon. 122° 48' E., to Cadurúan Pt., lat. 11° 43' N., lon. 124° 5' E., is 143 m. NW. by SE. AREA. The greatest width, intervening waters included, is 62 m. In its geographical rela- tion to the entire archipelago the province lies in the center as to latitude and 83 m. E. of the axis of longitude. (For details, see also Burias and Ticao Is.) Masbate, the most W. and S. island of the province, is 82 m. NW. to SE. and 45 m. NE. to SW. Area mainland, 1,230 sq. m.; dependent islands, 85 sq. m.; total, 1,315 sq. m. The aggregate area of the province mainland and dependent islands, including Burias and Ticao Is., is 1,732 sq. m. It is 482 sq. m. larger than the State of Rhode Island. Main islands of the province of Masbate. Island. Capital or chief town. Area, Area, Number mainland. islands. (of islands. Total. Popula- tíon. 1 Sq.m. Burias .... Masbate.. Ticao... San Pascual... Masbate ..... San Jacinto .. Sq.m. 258 1, 230 140 Sq. m. 268 1, 815 149 1,703 21,366 Total ....... 1,628 103 67 1,732 23,069 Masbate is very mountainous, there being a high central chain which follows a semicircular direction and terminates in the SW. and SE. points of the island, throwing out spurs to the NW., which go to form Pt. Bugan. Other points of less importance are formed by spurs from this chain. A summit 1,171 ft. rising NE. gives bearings entering that port. Between Mobô and Usón bays are peaks 1,256, 1,687, and 1,323 ft. high. A number of peaks also line the shores of Asid Bay. Vigía and Napulusan overlook the E. shore, the others the W. In the W. portion, between Lumbang and Milagros, and in the SE. portion, between Cataíngan, Daraga, and Placer, there are extensive grazing lands well watered. The large island of Masbate has a number of streams of some size, one in the NW. emptying into Barrera Bay, another into Port Palánog, W. of Masbate, on the E. coast. On the W. coast the Mandaón empties into Port Alag. The Asid, Manca- langui, Tigbao, Pacao, Malbug, Guion, Naindain, Daraga, and Dumurot are streams discharging into Asid Bay on its E. shore, or into the sea farther S. BAYS AND HARBORS. All the islands have convenient harbors of refuge in stress of weather, particularly along the channels used by the numerous vessels passing between San Bernardino Strait and Verde Passage on the E., and in the waters of the Visayan Sea on the W. (See Burias and Ticao Is.) On the NE. coast is Barrera, an extensive port with 52 fms. at the entrance, and good anchorage. The depth in the middle is 18 to 24 fms. About 19 m. SE, of 650 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Port Barrera is Magdalena, small but safe at all seasons. Vessels can moor to the trees without danger in winds. The bay of Palánog is small, deep, and well sheltered from winds. The entrance is 2,100 ft. wide. The depth at the entrance is 18 fms., lessening regularly to 4 fms. The capital is on its E. shore. The harbor of Mobô is 3 m. wide, but almost closed by a bank, and situated immediately S. of the penin- sula upon the opposite side of which stands the capital. Two bays, Uson and Nin, on the E. coast open to the NW., are separated by a broad, hilly headland, Pt. Labunan, which extends 4 m. in the same direction from the coast. Usón, 1 m. wide and 2 m. long, has 14 fms. at the entrance, lessening to 21 fms. Naro has 18 fms. at the entrance and 7 fms. within. A long, narrow inlet named Cataíngan, separated from the sea by a peninsula 6 m. long, and at its land end scarcely 3 m. wide, is the best typhoon anchorage in the vicinity. The great gulf of Asid indents the S. coast of the province, having a sea front of 42 m. between Naindain and Pulanauta Pts. E. and W. and 22 m. inland to the N. The greatest depth is 37 fms., with an average of 7 fms., except in small isolated places, where it lessens to 28 fms. The bay of Nin is divided into two parts by the islets Camasusu and Carogo; the N. part or Nin Bay proper is safe and well sheltered. A little channel 22 m. leads to a small interior port, Alag, with 13 to 4 fms. The entrance to the S. bay, Canayat or Macagua yuk, is obstructed by a shoal. To the N. of Nin is Too Bay. There are several indentations on the same coast to the N., fronted by Majaba, Nabugbut, and 2 islands, the N. of which is Inunukan Bay. LIGHT-HOUSES. The channels between the islands of Masbate province and mainland of S. Luzón? on the highway of commerce between San Bernardino Strait and the Verde Passage, are well lighted. Masbate Island; on highest point of Bugui Pt., about 190 yds. E. from the extremity. Lat. 12° 36' N., lon. 123° 15' 15' E., one flash white and red alternating every 30 seconds. Light above the sea level 219 ft. Height of tower 49 ft., visible 253 m. House, truncated conical tower of gray stone; upper part and lantern, white; keepers' dwelling at base of tower. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are few roads or even trails on the island. The towns and villages on or near the coast carry on intercourse by water in native craft. A road extends from the head of the Lumbang Riv. to Milagros. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population of the entire province is estimated at 23,069, of which number the census of 1887 gives Masbate and Ticao, 21,366. In the central parts the people are Vícols and in the S. Visayans. Although the population of Masbate and Ticao is fairly homogeneous, the same can not be said of the language. Vícol, Tagalog, and Visayan are spoken, according to the distances of the towns from the provinces of these dialects. Thus, in Baleno and Lanang, Tagalog is spoken by preference; in Ticao and Usón, Vícol; and in Palán, Cataíngan, and Milagros, Visayan. The following is the division of the province of Masbate (see also Burias) into pueblos and their respective population according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, 1887. Province and pueblos. Men Women. Total. 680 698 848 1,378 1,561 713 419 846 2, 284 Masbate and Ticao: Baleno, Masbate .. Cataingan, Masbate.. Magdalena, Masbate .. Masbate, Masbate.. Milagros, Masbate. Mobo, Masbate. Palanas, Masbate.. San Agustin, Masbate .. San Fernando, Ticao... San Jacinto, Ticao...... Usán, or Usón, Masbate 1,081 1,505 899 1,054 427 1, 203 1,480 884 1,079 744 1, 289 1, 215 1,037 10,904 707 1,331 1,254 929 2, 133 1.451 2,620 2,469 1,966 21, 476 Total 10,512 Estimated, 1901, 23,069. MASBATE, CAPITAL, FROM THE BAY. The government buildings which formerly stood on the point were destroyed by fire. TYPICAL ARCH OF WELCOME, ERECTED IN HONOR OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION AT MASBATE. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 651 The island of Masbate, the largest member of the provincial group, has a number of towns, the most important of which are: Masbate; Masbate (Palánog), the provincial capital, port of entry, and p. O., situ- ated on the bay of the same name, and on a peninsula which divides the waters of Palánog port on the W., and Mobô Bay on the E. It has a church, schoolhouse, and some better class of buildings. Pop., 2,345. Aroroy; town near the E. entrance point to Port Barrera. Baleno; between Canpandan and Bagubaúd Pts. on the E. coast, 3 m. N. of Port Magdalena. Pop., 923. Vegetables, poultry, and honey are furnished to vessels. Cataíngan; at the head of the port of that name, E. coast. A peak, also of that name, rising 73 m. to the NW., marks the entrance. Pop., Cn. 1887, 1,561. Lanang; 3 m. inland, on the r. bank of a river entering Barrera port. Magdalena; on NE. coast, 8 m. NW. of Masbate. Pop., 1896, 971. Mandaón; on the narrow peninsula which separates Nin Bay from the inner port and some better the W., and Me and on a peninital, port of entry, ay town near theuildings. Popy on the E. It which divide and Mandaón; on the inhas few inhabitantGulf, 18 m. N. of ok of the rive the vicinity within the bay Milagros; on the NE. shore of Asid Gulf, 14 m. N. of the mouth of Asid Riv. Pop., 1,789. Several villages lie along the shores. Mobô; 2 m. inland, on the r. bank of the river of that name, emptying into Mobo Bay on the NE. coast. Pop., 1,896. The soil in the vicinity is hilly and very fertile. Naro; near the mouth of a river of that name entering within the bay, E. coast. Palanas; 2, m. SE. of Tiguijan Pt., E. coast. Pop., 2,749. Palánog (see Masbate); the vicinity is overrun with half-starved wild dogs, which often, in droves, attack men and animals. San Agustín; at the head of Port Barrera, N. coast. Pop., 1,129. There are no settlements of any size on the S. and W. shores. OTHER TOWNS IN MASBATE. Towns: Guion, SW. coast, pop. about 1,800; Daraga, SW. coast, pop. about 800; Malbug, SW. coast, pop, about 500, and Placer, SW. coast, pop. about ,000. Small visitas: Masbaranan, SW. coast; Alegría, NE. coast; Limbugan, NE. coast, and Nimtoc, NE. coast. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The following are the islands off the coast of Masbate: Dependent islands, E. coast: sq.m. Adayagan. (See Deagan.) Bablao, extreme NE....... Badlay, 2 small islands in the entrance to Cataingan port .. Balanguingue, off the SE. coast. Bugtún, in the port of Cataingan. Cabeza de Negrito, in mid-channel between S. Ticao and Naro Bay, Masbate, a mere point of rock most of the time embarrassing and dangerous to those not familiar with the channel. Cadbatan, on the S. side of the entrance to Port Barrera ....... Capul, on the S. side of the channel of San Bernardino Strait........ Dalupiri or de Puercos; the easternmost of this province, S. of the main channel of San Ber- nardino Strait, 28 m. NE. from Naro Bay, off the mainland of Masbate .. Deagan, off Naro Bay.... Los Naranjos, a cluster of 7 islands of some size on the S. side of San Bernardino Strait, 26 m. E. of Masbate, the provincial capital- Aguada, the S.. Darsena, the SE... Destacada, detached to the S... Escarpada, w.... Medio (del), central..... Rasa. SW .................... . . San Andrés ....... Macapaga, off Naro Bay. Magearagui, off Naro Bay....... Pan de Azúcar, off Naro Bay.. Sibugay, 13 m. off shore E.. Tagapula, 61 m. off shore E., 1,942 ft. hig 22 islands, total...... Dependent islands, S. coast (all the islands off the S. coast of Masbate, except Chinela, Jintotolo, Zapato Mayor, and Zapato Menor, front Asid Gulf): Chinela, between Masbate and Panay, 17 m. SW. in mid-channel...... Gorrita...... Guilutugan...... Guinauayan ..... Guinlabagan... Guinluthagan .... Jintotolo, 31 m. off SW. Pt. Pulanduta toward Panay. Manoc. Nabugtu Nagarao ...... Naguban. 652 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Dependent islands, S. coast (all the islands off the S. coast of Masbate, except Chinela, Jintotolo, Zapato Mayor, and Zapato Menor, front Asid Gulf)-Continued. Namatian... Naro Chico .... Naro Grande...... Pina ......... III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pobre... Zapato Mayor, 13, m. SW. in mid-channel between Masbate and Panay... Zapato Menor, 18 m. SW. in mid-channel between Masbate and Panay.. 18 islands, total. Dependent islands, W. coast: Camasusu... Carogo................................. (Two islands separating the waters of Nin and Canayat bays.) Majaba, fronting Inunukan Bay..... Mapayagnan and a smaller island off the W. coast S. of Nabugbut. Nabugbut..... An island W. of Majaba 6 dependent islands, total.. Total dependent islands of Masbate, 46; area..... VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The agricultural products of Masbate are sugar cane, cotton, chocolate, and hemp. Rice is raised, but not in sufficient quantities for the home demand. In the vicinity of Magdalena, Masbate, and Cataingan, Masbate, and San Jacinto, Ticao, tobacco noted for its strength is raised. While much prized by the Vícols, its price in the Manila market is low. PASTORAL PURSUITS. This island is famous for its herds of cattle, horses, and hogs, which form an impor- tant article of trade with Manila. One of the chief sources of wealth is grazing. Since the American occupation this pursuit has increased to large proportions. In normal times the island supplied monthly to Manila and other parts of the Philippines more than 1,000 head of cattle, the bulk going to Manila. Large number of carabaos were also exported to Luzon and Negros. The principal ports for the shipment of cattle are Palánog, Cataíngan, Usón, and Mandaon. The rinderpest during the past few years has committed great havoc. MINERALS. Gold is found in the sands of the rivers, and a fine quality of lignite in the earth of Masbate. FORESTS. The shores The vicinity of Port Barrera furnishes excellent woods for building. are covered with mangroves. FRUITS. The fruits found in the islands of the Visayan group are the same as on the large islands of this province. INDUSTRIES AND COMMERCE. The main mechanical industry is the manufacture of bayones, sugar sacks of burí, a palm which grows very abundantly on the island and from which the island receives its name, and the manufacture of palm mats. The latter, on account of the superiority of workmanship and the durability of colors, have attracted attention at European expositions. The people of Masbate and Ticao are extensively engaged in the rais- ing of live stock, gathering of forest products, fishing, hunting, and weaving. There is quite an extensive trade in agricultural, pastoral, and forest products with Manila and other ports. Masbate is in direct route of all vessels going to the S. of Luzon, Sámar, and Leyte, and there is not a great deviation of vessels going to Cebú, and Iloílo. Palánog is about 36 hours from Manila by coasting steamers, and Cata- ingan 8 hours longer. Cataíngan is about 15 hours from Cebú, Iloílo, and Bacolod. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 653 UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. Palánog, the port of Masbate, the capital, was occupied by United States troops on May 2, 1900. On February 15, 1902, Masbate was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Masbate. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Under the general act of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the Commissioners March 18, 1901, a provincial government was established "in the territory of the islands of Masbate, Ticao, and Burias, and all the small outlying adjacent islands before known as the District of Masbate." PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor ... $1,200 Treasurer. 1,200 Supervisor ...... 720 Fiscal (province of Romblón).. 200 Fiscal (province of Masbate) (act 212, 1901)... 800 Provincial officers are allowed necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceed- ing $2 a day while absent from the capital on provincial business as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities to meet on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October to organize and transact business according to law. The organic act (sec. 6) further provides “That the governor of Masbate shall discharge the duties of provincial secretary, and that the duties of provincial fiscal shall be discharged by the provincial fiscal of Romblon for the annual sum stated, payable from the treasury of the province of Masbate, and traveling expenses between Romblon and Masbate. By amendatory act (221), September 5, 1901, a provincial fiscal for Masbate was added. CONDITIONS. “Perfect peace is enjoyed in the whole province and the inhabitants are displaying unusual activity in the fisheries, agricultural work, and timber cutting, the latter constituting their principal resource, as well as that of the municipal and provincial governments. It also furnishes an occupation to the needy classes, which helps con- siderably to preserve tranquility and good order in the pueblos." (Report of pro- vincial governor, December, 1901.) "Peace is so completely established in the province that there is not so much as a gang of robbers in the whole territory. The provincial government and the muni- cipalities are doing their work with regularity, and the people are deeply thankful for the benefits derived from the civil régime. The exploitations of the forestry products are the life of the province, and commerce is prosperous as compared with former years." (Official report of provincial governor of Masbate, January, 1901.) MASGÁRAO (mass-gah'-rah-oh). ver.; hamlet in W. Cápiz, Panay, 14 m. sw. of Jamindao. MASI (mah'-see), ver.; river on E. coast of Min- doro emptying into sea 2 m. SE. of point of that name. Cluster of 3 islets lie off its mouth. In elbow of coast NW. of Bongabón Pt., off Masi Riv., is safe shelter for vessels in SW. gales. -- hamlet in Cagayán, Luzón, lat. 18° 28' 20" N., lon. 121° 15' 45'' E. - point on SW. coast of Leyte, at mouth of river of same name. - point on E. coast of Mindoro, 41 m. NW. by N. of Bongabón Pt. - town in Ilocos Norte, Luzón. MASÍBAY (mah-see-by): mountain in Misamis. Mindanao, between Iligar. Bay on N. coast. Illana Bay on s. coast, Lanao Lake on SE. and Panguil Bay on NW. Center of region of great fertility and of numerous towns and hamlets. MASIEU, for.; town in Lanao, near S. boundary of Misamis, Mindanao, in Sultanate of Baco- lod. In summer of 1902 large body of Moros made place base of operation against column of American troops sent into country to com- pel obedience. MASILAO (mah-see-lah-oh), Tag., hamlet in pue- blo of Silang, Cavite, Luzon, on bank of Pasan- Cabullo Riv. MASIN (mah'-seen), nat., river emptying into Mamburao Bay, on NW. coast of Mindoro, 5 m. ESE. of Mamburao. mountain in Bulacan, Luzon. - river in Tayabas, Luzón, rising in Masalacot Mt. and empties into Quiapo Riv. -- island in E. side of opening to Bulalácao Bay, SE. coast of Mindoro. On W. side is little bay in which coasters can anchor. - river in Bohol. - river entering sea on SW. coast of Zambo- anga, NW. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. a Telegraph. 654 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MASINAN (mah-see'-nahn), nat.; point on SW. | MASULAG (mah-soo-lag'), ver.; islet off opening coast of Sorsogon, Luzón, lat. 12° 36' 10" N T of Camansi, N. coast of Cápiz, Panay. MASÍNAO (mah-see'-now), Tag.; river in Laguna, MASULÓCOT (mah - sooh - law' - caught), ver.; Luzón, rising in mountains in which are situ mountain in Tayabas, Luzón, lat. 13° 58' 20" N. ated iron mines of Calumpan, flows across MASÚNAT (mah-sooh'-nie), nat.; river in Negros pueblo of Santa María. Occidental, rises S. of Mandalagan, flows W. MASÍNAY (mah-see'-ni), ver.; hamlet on S. shore and empties into sea on W. coast. of Tapao Lake, 1 m. N. of boundary of Misa- MASUPE (mah-sooh'-pay), nat.; hamlet in pueblo mis with Cotabato on S., Misamis, Mindanao. of Balaoan (Baláuang), Unión, Luzón. MASINGAL (mah-seeng-ahl'); town on coast high- MAT (maht), ver.; town in Leyte, Luzón. way in Ilocos Sur, Luzón, 10 m. N. of Vigan. MATABAG (mah-tah-bahg'), Tag.; hamlet in Ca- Pop., 8,446. vite, Luzón, 26 m. SW. of Cavite. - bay in Ilocos Norte, Luzón. MATABAHOC (mah-tah-bah-hoc'), ver.; hamlet MASINGIL (mah-seeng-ill'), nat.; islet in sea in N. central Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol, 2 m. channel between Bohol and Cebú, 4 m. NW. SE. of Canoan. of Getafe, and on NW. coast of former. MATABAL (mah-tah-bahl'), nat.; river entering MASINGLOC (mah-seeng-loc'), ver.; river and on E. shore of Illana Bay, SW. of Tapián anchorage in extreme S. of Zamboanga, Min- Pt., approaching mouths of Grande Riv. de danao, lat. 6° 55' 4" N., lon. 122° 11' E.; Mindanao from SW. empties into sea on E. coast. Island of Vila- vilán occupies its mouth, leaving 2 narrow - river entering Celebes Sea on W. shore of channels of exit into Celebes Sea. N. of Tik- Cotabato, Mindanao, N. by E. of Quidapil Pt. tauan channel and 3 m. from Mariki narrow MATABÁN (mah-tah-bahn'). ver.; hamlet on inlet runs 2. m. to WNW., with several rivers shore of Tañón Strait, 6 m. NE. of Toledo, W. flowing into it. Island of Vila vilán divides coast of Cebú. inlet into 2 arms, S. of which is navigable, 1 MATABANG (mah-tah-bang'), nat.; river of Ne- and is outlet of Masingloc Riv. gros Occidental, emptying into Guimarás MASÍNIT (mah-see'-nit), ver.; islet in Corón Pas Strait, 3 m. N. of Bacolod. sage, Calamianes grp., off NE. end of Paragua, -- mountain in Mindoro. Palawan. MATABAO (mah-tah-bah'-aw), ver.; island 2 sq. MASINLOC (mah-seen-lock'), nat.: port W. coast m., off extreme S. of Ticao I., Masbate grp., Zambales, Luzón. Bani Pt., N. head of port, Visa yas, separated by narrow channel with is in lat. 15° 34' 48' N., lon. 119° 54' 13" E. ap- from 8 to 11 fms, of water. proximately. - hamlet in pueblo of Guinobatan, Albay, pueblo on coast highway in Zambales, Luzón, near bank of Inaya Riv. Luzón, 18 m. N. of Iba. Pop., 2,915. MATABEL (mah-tah-bell'), nat.: river emptying - point on coast of Zambales, Luzon, near on W. shore of Cotabato, Mindanao, S. of S. town of that name. mouth of Grande Riv. of Mindanao. - mountain in central Zambales, Luzón, MATABLÁN (mah-tah-blahn'), nat.; river in Lu- near coast; prominent object to navigators. zón. - island off NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan, MATABOLINON (mah-tah-boh-lee'-nohn). nat.; E. of Tapiután. (Also Peñón Matinloc.) hamlet in pueblo of Cagsaua, Albay, Luzón. - and Matalavi Is., between Bani Pt. and Makalaba I., off Zambales, Luzón, are sepa- MATACÓN (mah-tah-cohn'), ver.; bay on N. shore of Polillo I., off coast of Infanta, Luzon, NW. rated by San Salvador I. to port of Masinloc. of Bonleo Bay, and 74 m. E. of Panampalan MASINO (mah-see-noh), Tag., affluent of Quiapo Pt. River enters on S. shore of bay from one Riv., Tayabas, Luzón, taking its rise in cen- of valleys radiating N. from central crest of tral part of Malasino Mt. Malolo. MASINOUE (mah-seen-kay), nat.; point on SW. - town in Albay, Luzón. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, in pueblo of Cata- MATAGDÁ (mah-tang-dah'), nat.; islet N. side of nauan. entrance to Sorsogon port, off Saklayan Pt., MASIPIL (mah-see'-peel), nat., river in Misamis, Sorsogón, Luzón. Mindanao, having its source 8 m. S. of Diuata Pt., sea end of boundary between MATAGOB (mah-tah-gob'), ver.; hamlet in SE. Misamis and Surigao, and empties into sea in Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. N. by E. of Janiuay. lat. 8° 50' N., lon. 124° 55' 39" E. MATAGUG (mah-tah-goog'). ver.; mountain of MASISBOONG (mah-sees-boh-ohng'), nat.: ham- NW. Leyte, 3 m. ENE. of San Isidro. letin pueblo of Pasuquín, Ilocos Norte, Luzon. MATAGUI (mah-tah'-geeh), nat.; river in Ambos MASISI (mah-see-see), nat.; small town at mouth Camarines (Norte), Luzón, flowing E. of pue- of river emptying into sea on N. coast of Ca- blo of Capalonga and empties into sea. gayán, Luzón. MATAGUINAO (mah-tah-gee-now'); mountain in - inner point on coast of Bataan, Luzón, Sámar. N. shore of entrance to Manila Bay. (Also MATAHA (mah-tah'-hah), nat.; islet off W. coast Lasisi.) of Basilan, S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. MASISINGI (mah-see-seeng'-ee), ver.; islet off E. | MATAID (mah-tah-id'), ver.; extinct volcano in S. coast of Sámar, 4 m. S. of Hernani. Sámar, on bay shore, 4 m. NW. of Balangiga. MASLÁ (mass-lah'), ver.; hamlet in Lepanto, Lu MATAIGAN (mah-tah-ee'-gahn), ver.; hamlet 2 m. zón, 2 m. N. of Cayán, connected by road, also inland from Bual, on S. coast of Davao, Min- by high road to Bontoc. Pop., 530. danao. MATAÍN (mah-tah-inn'), nat.; river and village MASLIC (mass-lick'), ver.; point in E. Mindanao. at its mouth, on NE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. MASLOG (mass-log'), nat.; small N. tributary of coast of Zambales, Luzón. Ulut Riv., Sámar. MATAIUTNAG (mah-tie-uht-nahg'), Tag; river MASOG (mah-sog'), ver.; point on shore of Biliran in Batangas, Luzón, rising in Batula Mt., I., off NW. coast of Leyte (See Pauican Pt.) Sierra de Taytay, unites its waters with Obise po, and empties into Balayán Bay at Balayan, MASONSÓN (mah-sohn-sohn'), nat.; hamlet in on NW. shore. central Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 5 m. E. of San Dionisio MATAJA (mah-tah-hah), ver.: low, flat, wooded island E. of Pilas channel, off Baluk I., W. of MASTERSON, for.; point 3, m. N. of Village Bay, Basilan I., off S. coast of Zamboanga, Min- E. coast of Palawan. danao. PHILIPPINE - LUZON - WEST COAST PORTS MASINLOC & MATALVI BY CAPT. JOSE HALCON, SPANISK NAVY, 1836, Nani Plat 15:30 N Leg. 1941. Manila Cabel 2201 NO Bani ? MA INLOC NASINLOC PORT PULO SALVADOR Makal Maral PORT S Doc 2.80 57 1 THE NORRIS PETERS.CO. PHOTO-LITHO WASHINGTON, DC. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 655 lands 23 02 Tumaga River 39 Sakol Vilan vilan I. 23 23 23 28 23 201 43 39 33 26 79 Masinytok livelg 20 59 88 33 65 22 Panlapnyan $ 20 48 56 65 39 S6 12 39 29 101 :23 9 39 40 TIKTAUAN CHANNE 75 23 20,53 23 23 le 95 23 11 39 129 28. 23 29 38 36 26 (33) 20 Moro Village 123 59 2623 25 2 20 23 Tiktanan Island VARIATION NLARLY innogy STATIONARY 2 33 * 29- S SOUTU COAST MASINGLOK AN CIORAGE Center of Pauhapuya L. 11 usb Lilindros N. 12:11 00 E. Tides. The sod strcom sets to the Southwest and the cbb stream to tu. Northeast at du somo howa unat Zon boanga anda sole 656 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MATALA (mah-tah-lah). Tag.: hamlet in pueblo | MATANGAL (mah-tan-gahl'). nat.; extreme E. of Ibaan, Batangas, Luzón. point of Basilan I. of that group, off S. coast of MATALÁIS (mah-tah-lah'-iss), nat.; islet of Cuyos Zamboanga, Mindanao, projecting into Cé- lebes Sea, with Caulan forms large bay; coun- grp., Mindoro Sea, lat. 11° 11' 11" N. try above this point rises to mountain 2,136 ft. MATALAN (mah-tah'-lan), nat.; island of Cuyos high. grp., Mindoro Sea, lat. 100 8' N., lon. 121° 3' 39'' E. - mountain in Basilan I., off S. coast of Zam- boanga, Mindanao. MATALANG (mah-tah-lang'), ver.; river in Luzón. MATAQUI (mah-tah'-key), nat.; river in Ambos MATALANTALÁN (mah-tah-lahn-tah-lahin'), nat.; Camarines Norte), rising N. of pueblo of point on W. shore Barrera port, NE. coast of Capalonga and empties E. of town of that Masbate. name. MATALANTÁN (mah-tah-lahn-tahn'), Tag.; afflu- MATARABIS (mah-tah-rah'-bees), ver.; islet 457 ent of Cabiao Riv., Nueva Ecija, Luzón; rises ft. high, of Cuyos grp., Mindoro Sea, 12) m. E. in Mapison Mt., flows SW., and unites its of Agutaya. waters with river named N. of pueblo of MATARINAO (mah-tah-ree-now'), ver.; point on San Miguel de Mayumo, in Bulacan. E. side of a bay in SE. Sámar in pueblo of MATALÍA (mah-tah-lee'-ah), ver.; island off W. Quina pundan. coast of Basilan, S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao, lat. 6° 33' N. - hamlet on N. shore of SE. extreme of sá- mar, 6. m. NE. of Quinapundan. MATALOM (mah-tah-lom), ver.; pueblo on SW. MATASNABAYAN (mah-tass-nah-bah'- yahn), coast of Leyte, 65 m. SSE. of Tacloban and 20 m. NE. of nearest mainland of Bohol. Tag.; hamlet in Batangas, Luzón, in pueblo and on shore of Balayán Bay, SW. coast. Pop., 6,146. MATALONDON (mah-tah-lawn'-dohn), ver.; point MATATANGIL (mah-tah-tahn-heel'), Tag.; point on S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, lat. 13° 51' on Balayán Bay, SW. coast of Batangas, 30" N. Luzón. MATALVI (mah-tahl'-vee), nat.; island, forms MATATÍAN (mah-tah-tee'-ahn), nat.; affluent of with mainland of Zambales, Luzón, on S., Chico de la Pampanga Riv., Pampanga, Matalvi port, Luzon. - point at S. entrance to bay on coast of MATATINDOG (mah-tah-tin-dog'), ver.; river in Zambales, Luzon. SW. Negros Oriental. -port S. of Masinloc, Zambales, Luzon MATAYÂ (mah-tah-yah'), nat.; island 2, m. SE. (see San Salvador I.), formed between Matalvi of Dinaran I., off E. coast of Busuanga I., Ca- I. and coast. lamianes grp., off NE. coast Paragua, Pala- wan. MATAMBAG (mah-tam-bahg'), nat.; hamlet in MATAYÁNAY (mah-tah-yah'-ni), ver.; tributary NE. Sámar, 6 m. S. of Palápag. of Glubang Riv., NE. coast Negros Occidental. MATAMPOY (mah-tahm-poy'), nat.; point and creek on SE. shore of Panguil Bay, sw. end MATAYÓN (mah-tah-yohn'), nat.; point on E. of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. shore of narrow peninsula forming E. shore - river emptying on 1. bank of N. arm of of Cataingan Bay, SE. shore Masbate, Visayas. Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- MATI (mah'-tee), ver.; small town of Dávao, danao, at Cotabato. Laghbun creek con- Mindanao, standing in wide prairie land sur- nects its head waters at Sambran with S. arm rounded by picturesque scenery. Has fine of Grande Riv. supply of excellent water; surrounding coun- try, however, is but little cultivated. Pop., MATÁN (mah-tahn'), ver.; town near bay, E. of Blanca Pt., NW. coast of Dapitan, Mindanao. - pueblo on N. shore of Pujada Bay, E. coast MATANA (mah-tah-nah), ver.; river in Abra, Lu- of Davao, Mindanao. Small creek, 3. m. ESE. zón, tributary to Abra from N. of Mati, leads to isthmus 40 yds. wide separat- MATANAL (mah-tah-null'), ver.; point on Sakol ing bays of Pujada and Mayo. At this point I., off SE. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Min natives have portage where they haul their canoes across neck of land and launch them MATANANAP (mah-tah-nah-nap'), nat.; hamlet in Mayo Bay. Steamers from Zamboanga and Polloc make Mati point of call on their voy- in pueblo of Tabaco, Albay, Luzón. ages. MATANAYE (mah-tah-nah'-yay), nat.; islet W. of opening of San Rafael Bay, N. shore of Basilan MATIAO (mah-tee-ah'-oh), nat.; anchorage and I., S. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. river on NE. shore of Davao Bay, opposite Sámal I., in Dávao, Mindanao, 21 m. E. of MATANDÁ, or NAYÓN (mah-tahn-dah', nah- Dávao. yawn'), Tag.; point on NE. coast of Mindoro, lat. 13• 18' N. - hamlet on E. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, opposite Sámal I. MATANDAMATEN (mah-tahn-dah-mah-tayn), ver.; island off NE. coast of Ambos Cama- - river entering on N. Shore of Pujada Bay, rines (Norte), lat. 14° 18' 40" N. SE. coast of Davao, Mindanao. MATANDAMILI (mah-tahn-dah-meel-lee), ver.; MATIGBOC (mah-tig-boc'), ver.; river in Bohol, mountain in Abra, Luzón. Visayas. MATANDOG (mah-tahn-dog), ver.; coast hamlet MATÍGUM (mah-teel-goom), Tag.; stream in La- and river in S. Antique, Panay, 2 m. N. of guna, Luzón, emptying into Laguna de Bay, Antique; river enters bay upon N. extremity W. of pueblo of Mabitac. of which stands San José de Buenavista, and on S. Antique. MATILINQUITAN (mah-tee-leen-key'-tahn), ver.; MATANDUMATAN (mah-tahn-doo-mah'-tahn), hamiet on tributary of Pulangui Riv., in SE. ver.; islet 10 m. SE. of Cacbalisay, eastern- Misamis, Mindanao. most of Calaguas grp., and 25 m. NE., off coast MATILOC (mah-tee-loc'), ver.; one of outlying S. of Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón. Mid- elevations of SW. spur of Gran Cordillera way between this island and Cacbalisay are Central, 9 m. SW. of Bangued and on line of 2 rocky islets charted, but unnamed. boundary between Abra and Ilocos Sur, E. of MÁTANG (mah'-tang), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Tetas de Santa. Súlat, Sámar, on E. coast on bank of river MATIMUS (mah-tee'-mo0s), ver.; point at end of near its mouth. narrow projection in Illana Bay, N. of Tuga- MATANGAHÂ (mah-tahn-gah-hah'), ver.; small pang Pt., Cotabato, Mindanao. N. tributary of Ulut Riv., Sámar. - inlet in S. Mindanao. 600. danao. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 657 MATINA (mah-teel-nah), ver.; pueblo on W. shore MATULIN (mah-too'-lin), nat.; island 3 m. ENE. of Davao Gulf, 5 m. W. of Davao, Mindanao. of Yot Pt., Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, Lu- MATINAO (mah-tee-now'), ver.; mountain in SE. zón, center of dangerous reef 2 m. in diameter. Leyte. MATUMAHÚAN (mah-tooh-mah-hool-ahn), nat.; MATINGAO (mah-ting-ah'-oh), ver.; mountain in islet in entrance to port of Sorsogon, Sorsogon, SW. Leyte. Luzón. MATINGUB (mah-teen-goob), nat.; island off NE. MATUMUT (mah-too-moot'), ver.; river in Luzón. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. MATÚN (mah-toon'), nat.; bend in Upper Grande - bay on SE. shore of island of same name Riv. of Mindanao, 2 m. above Tumbao, Cota- off NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. bato, Mindanao, at point division of main stream into 2 branches. - port on island of same name, off NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, formed by island in MATUNG (mah-toong'), ver.; point in Leyte. vicinity, and well protected from NE. and SE. MATUNGAO (mah-toong-ah'-oh), ver.; mountain MATINLOC (mah-tin-loc'), ver.; island formed of in NW. Leyte. narrow ridge of limestone, 4. m. in length N. -- hamlet in pueblo of Bulacan, Bulacan, and S., at entrance to Bacuit Bay, W. coast of Luzon. Paragua, Palawan; Horn, 1,250 ft., rises in cen- MATUNGO (mah-toong-oh'), Tag.; N. headland ter and resembles its name; Bacuit Bay on E. of Little Tabin Bay, leading to San Isidro, in side. (Also Peñón, Matinloc.) NW. Leyte. MATITIG, or MATICTIC (mah-tee-tig!, mah-tick- MATUNTÚN (mah-toon-toon'). Tag.; mountain tick'), Tag.; hamlet in pueblo of Angat, Bu and point in island of Biliran, off NW. coast lacán, Luzón. of Leyte. MATITIT (mah-tee-teet'), Tag.; river in Tayabas, MATUTINAO (mah-too-tee-now'), ver.; town on Luzón, rising in S. elevations of Maravat Mts.. E. shore of Tañón Strait, w. coast of Cebú, flows SSE, and unites its waters with Purin and river at mouth of which it is situated, Riv. 49 m. SW. of Cebú. MATITINAO (mah-tee-teel-now), ver.; creek in MATUTINDOG (mah-too-tin-dog'), ver.; point on W. Cebú. SW. coast of Negros Occidental, 9 m. S. of MATNAO (mat-now'); river in S. central Samar, Inayauan. Steep, with flat crown, and is sur- rising but 11 m. NE. of Catbalogan, on W. rounded by rocks, one of which has appear- coast, flows NE., receiving many tributaries, ance of vessel under sail. and empties into Pacific Ocean on E. MATÚTUM (mah-tool-toom), ver.; shore series of MATNOG (mat-nog'), ver.; pueblo in extreme SE. elevations which leave lofty Dicalungan part of Sorsogon, Luzón, 44 m. SE. of Albay. range where it turns to W. and pursuing NE. Pop., 3,745. (See Magnok, p. 623.) course 35 m. end on S. shore of Casilaran Bay, - open bay N. of Colasi Pt., lat. 12° 31' 30' N.. inlet of Davao Gulf. This mountain with lon. 124° 6' 45' E., on E. shore of San Bernar- Apo range, to point of junction with Matu- dino Strait, Sorsogon, Luzón, opposite Ticlín I. tum and Dicalungan ranges, forms narrow pocket which drains into Davao Gulf between MATOCO (mah-toh-coh') Tag.: mountain in Ba- Sámal I. and Casilaran Bay. Main summit tangas, Luzon, on s. coast and forms point of lies 22 m. N. of Sarangani Bay on S. coast of same name. Mindanao, is very high and can be seen at - point on S. coast of Batangas, Luzon, and great distance. forms E. head to bay of Batangas. - extinct volcano N. of bay of Sarangani, - point E. headland to Batangas Bay, Batan Dávao, Mindanao, near sea, lat. 6° 11' N., lon. gas, Luzón; high and wooded. Shores are 125° 10' E. covered with palo maría, tree of order Gutti MATUYAN (mah-tooh'-yan), nat.; point on N. feræ, which yields valuable gum, coast of Cagayán, Luzón, MATONDO (mah-tohn-doh'), nat.; hamlet in pue- MAUA (mah-wah), nat.; village on NE. shore of blo of Magálang, Pampanga, on bank of river Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. of same name. MAUANAN (mah-wah'-nan), ver.; hamlet in MATONOC (mah-toh-nock'), nat.; mountain in S. pueblo of Maláueg, in Cagayan, Luzon, 21 central Bohol, 7 m. N. of Valencia, on coast. m. NNW. of Tuguegarao, near banks of MATOPA (mah-toh'-pah), nat.; hamlet 10 m. S. of Chico de Cagayán Riv. Mondragón, Sámar. MAUBÁN (mah-oo-bahn'), Tag.; anchorage on MATORANAN (mah-toh-rah-nahn), ver.; hamlet NE. coast of Lamón Bay, Tayabas, Luzon, lat. on W. shore of Sámar, 1 m. S. of mouth of Bac- 14° 11' 24" N., lon. 121° 48'48" E., formed by hao Barīgahón Riv. Alabat and Cabalete Is., and affording shel- tered harbor of good holding ground. MATOS (mah'-tohs), Sp.: point on Papa hag I., in approach to Bongao I., Tawi Tawigrp., Sulu A. - pueblo situated in NE. corner of Tayabas, Luzon, on Pacific coast, 17 m. NE. of Tayabas, MATSAM (mat-sahm'), ver., river in Ambos Cama in midst of deep ravines and masses of lava. rines (Sur), Luzón, rising in Isarog Mts., and at foot of Majayjay range, in midst of vege- under several names pursues E. course emp tation of great beauty. Town lies opposite tying into Lagonoy Bay. island of Alabad. Road from Lucbản to MATUBÁROG (mah-too-bah'-rohg). nat.: point on Mauban winds along Mupón Riv., with ter- N. coast of Sámar in pueblo of Pambujan. raced rice fields on either side, and occasional MATÚBUG (mah-too-boog), ver.; bay in Cotabato, forests, trees of which are covered with anoides and creeping ferns, among them An- Mindanao. (See Malúbug.) giopteris, Pandanas and large variety of fan MATÚBUL (mah-tool-bool), nat.: river on SW. palms. Pop., 9,278. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, emptying into MAUCALIAN (mah-00-cah-lee'-ahn), ver.; hamlet bay of Illana. in Pampanga, Luzon, 9 m. NW. of Bacolor. MATUGUINAO (mah-too-gee-now'); hamlet and re- MAUIS (mah'-wiss), ver.; island E. of Mindanao. mains of military station and nipa shacks MAÚLA (mah-00/-lah). ver.; hamlet of Nueva built for troops in summer of 1901, on l. bank Vizcaya, Luzon, near W. bank of Magat of Matuguinao branch of Gándara Riv., 8 m. Riv., 11 m. NE. of Bayombong, near main by river above Tivaran, Samar. through highway. - mountain of considerable height in N. | MAULANA (mah-oo-lah-nah), nat.; cove on NW. Sámar. shore of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. MATULIMOG (mah-too-lee-mog'), ver.; point in MAULANAT (mow-lah-naht'), nat.; islet off coast Cebú. of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzon. S. Doc. 280— 42 658 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MAULINGON (mah-oo-ling-ohn'), nat.; point on NE. side of bay of same name on extreme NW. shore of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. MAULUN (mah-oo-loon), nat.; hamlet on W. shore of Sámar, 2 m. NW. of Catbalogan. - point W. coast of Sámar, opposite Buri I., NW. of Catbalogan. MAUMÁUN (mah-oo-mah-oon), ver.; islet 81 m. NW. of Ubay, NE. coast of Bohol. MAUNÁN (mah-oo-nahn'), ver.; town in Cagayán, Luzon. MAUNON (mow'-nohn), nat.; island in small bay S. shore Usón I., off S. coast Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., in sea channel between Mindoro and Paragua, Palawan. MAUO, or MOBÔ (mah'-00-oh, moh-boh'), ver.; river and hamlet at its mouth, 4 m. NW. of Canuguaion Pt., in NW. Sámar. River is fed by beautiful waterfall, m. from its mouth, which can be reached by boat, and flows from valley between 2 high hills of black rock. Shores are covered by trees of nipa palm. River is 100 yds. wide at mouth. Also affords good anchorage for vessels draw- ing 9 ft. and not more than 140 ft. long. Driftwood from river is dangerous in storms. 2 fms. may be carried to falls, 1 m. Vessels of 1,000 tons anchor in 10 and 7 fms. MAURANO (mah-oo-rah'-noh), ver.; hamlet in Albay, Luzón, 9 m. W. of Albay. MAURARO (mow-rah-roh), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Guinobatan, Albay, Luzon. MAÚRU (mah-00'-roo). nat.: islet off NE. shore of Balut I., Sarangani Is., S. of Mindanao. MAUSASAL (mah-00-sah-sal'); ver.; hamlet 2 m. E. of Tagbilaran, on S. coast of Bohol. MAUYOC (mah-oo-yock'). ver.; mountain on r. bank of Yubasan Riv., 9 m. S. W. of Sulat, E. Sámar. MAVÁCAT (mah-vah'-cant), Tag., mountain in extreme NE. of Batangas, Luzon, forming boundary in part between that province and Laguna. MAVOTAS (mah-voh'-tass), Tag.; river in Taya- bas, Luzón, emptying on S. coast. MAY, for.: river in Leyte, flowing E. and divid- ing into 2 arms; empties into sea on E. coast. MAYA (mah'-yah), nat.: town on island of Ibayat of Batanes grp. Situated in region of great fertility. Near by are valuable forests of rich cabinet wood, but little lumber useful for buildings grows on island. Pop., 1,080. -- hamlet on coast road, E. Leyte, 6 m. N. of Abúyog. -- river in Leyte 31 m., rises in lake Bito, empties in Pacific Ocean, 7 m. N. of Abúyog, E. coast. MAYABACAN (mah-yah-bah'-cahn), ver.(Goat) N. island, 380 ft. high, on E. side of Cook chan- nel, NNE. 2. m. from South Channel I., off coast of Paragua, Palawan. MAYABANO (mah-yah-bah'-noh), ver.; river emptying on S. coast of Negros Oriental. (See Mondón.) MAYABÓ (mah-yah-boh'), ver.; hamlet on r. bank of Abra Riv. at mouth of Ulip, in Abra, Luzón, 20 m. SSE, of Bangued. - river in Tayabas, Luzón, passing SE, of pueblo of Pitogo, empties into sea on SW. coast, near that town. MATANGA (mah-yahng'-ah), ver., island in Súbic Bay, Zambales, Luzón. MAYANHAC (mah-yahn-hack'); mountain in Leyte. MATANPAYAN (mah-yahn-pah'-yahn), nat.; is- land off S.shore Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., in sea channel between Mindoro and Para- gua, Palawan, MAYANTOC (mah-yahn-tock'), nat.; mountain in W. Zambales, Luzón. MÁYAO (mah'-yah-oh), Tag.; small river on SE. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, emptying into Taya- bas Bay. MAYASAS (mah-yah'-sass), ver.; village on W. shore of Pusgo Bay, Tayabas, Luzón. - bay 5 m.deep to NW., on W.coast of Ragay Gulf, Tayabas, Luzon, near Puisgo Bay. MAYATO (mah-yah-toh'), ver.; point on W. shore of deep estuary, on S. coast of Leyte. MAYBANCO (my-bahn'-coh), ver.; mountain in SW. Antique, Panay, in line of boundary with Iloilo. MAYBATÓ (my-bah-toh'), nat.; hamlet on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 1 m. E. of San José de Buenavista. MAYBINGAG (my-been-gahg'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Pambujan, Samar, on N. coast. MAYCALBÁN (my-cal-bahn'), ver.; hamlet in MAVCALRÁN (molhohn central Sámar, 9 m. E. of Gándara. MAYCAP (my-cahp'), Tag.; lake S. of Calauang, in Laguna, Luzón. From its N. side may be seen, to NE., peak of San Cristóbal. Banks are sometimes 80 ft. high. Small sluices sup- ply a canal. Surrounding soil consists of rapilli and lava, covered with forests. MAYDAY (my-die'), ver.; bay 31 m. wide at en- trance, between Cabalanas and Cacbolo Is., and 5. m. in length, on NW. coast of Para- gua, Palawan, more convenient anchorage for wood and water than any to S. MAYDOLAN (my-doh'-lahn), ver.; hamlet on S. shore of bay, on E. coast of Samar, 5 m. NW. of Lanang. MAY-DÚLUNG (my-doo-loong), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Laoang, Samar, near E. coast. MAYDUUN (my-dooh-oohn), nat.: island near E. coast of Sámar, SE. of Burujan Pt., and N. of Agdaán I. MAYJAN (my'-hahn), nat.; town on E. shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogón, Luzón, at mouth of Albúyog Riv., 3 m. SE. of Sorsogón. MAYLEC (my-leck'), ver; hamlet in Lepanto, Luzón. Pop., 164. MAYLIGBAO (my-lig-bah-oh), ver.; hamlet on E. coast of Samar, 2 m. SE. of Túbig. MAYLLAGUE (my-lyah!-gay). ver.: point on E. coast of Mindoro, 22 m. S. by W. of Dumali Pt. MAYMAGUI (my-mah'-gee), ver.; mountain in W. range of Antique, Panay, at headwaters of Cangaranan Riv. MAYNAGA (my-nah'-gah), Tag.; inlet on S. coast of Batangas, Luzon, on shore of larger bay of Batangas. MÁYNIT (myl-nit). nat.; lake 101 m. N. and S. and 77 m. E. and W. in extreme N. part of Surigao, Mindanao. Lies considerably elevated above seacoast 41 m. to W. and among some of highest peaks of coast range of N. Mindanao, among them Tendido Peak, 3,251 ft. high, 11 m. to NW.; Mt. Legaspi, 3,883 ft., 9 m. E. by S., and another peak over- looking lake on W.,1,115 ft. high. Lake finds outlet on S. border through Tubai Riy. 5 towns besides considerable rural population on its shores. - pueblo on N. shore of lake of that name in Surigao, Mindanao, 231 m. S. by E. of Suri- gao. Pop., 4,550. MAYO (mah'-voh). Sp.: bay of 6 m. front on Pa- cific coast of Mindanao, between Tugubun Pt. and Lamigan, and trending 81 m. inland, in extreme N. part of Davao, boundary be- tween it and Surigao abutting on Pacifie Ocean at Tugubun, N. head of bay. Over- looking its SW. shore is peak 858 ft. high on small peninsula separating that bay from Pujada Bay on SW.. - mountain in SE. Mindanao. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 659 LUZON I-EAST COAST MAUBAN BAY -one Spot La, xxxx lag 1213 48:48: 2. aste f LAUONE 660 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MAYO, point SW. of Bantiki Pt., S. coast of Taya- | MAZADU, hamlet at foot of mountain of same bas, Luzón. name, in Abra, Luzón. MAYÓN, or TÚBIG (mah-yohn', too'-beeg), nat.; MEABE (may-ah-bay), ver.; mineral spring in hamlet on extreme SE. coast of Negros Ori Benguet, Luzón. ental, 4 m. NE. of Zamboanguita, at mouth MEADE, for.; river entering Halsey Harbor on of Maytubig Riv. NW. coast of Culión I., Calamianes grp., China - river in Cápiz, Panay, rising in N. foothills Sea. of Agotayan Mt., flows NW., entering Mali- MEAHOR (may-ah-howr'), ver.; peak 3 m. E. of nannang Riv. 3, m. below Mayon, at its sud- Tagbilaran, on extreme S. shore of Bohol. den deflection N. MEANDER, for.; reef in Sulu Sea, 64 m. ENE. of - volcano in N. part of Albay, Luzón, in lat. Manuk Manka islet of St. Michael grp. About 13° 15' 30" N. and lon. 123° 40' 18" E. Most 314 m. ESE. are rocks "as large as boats." notable of all volcanoes of archipelago, rising Parallel of lat. 7° 40' and meridian of lon. from center of great plain to height of 8,274 ft. 119° 35' E., forming sw. angle in line of above sea level. (See Albay Volcano.) boundary of U.S. Philippine possessions, in- - town in Cápiz, Panay, on 1. bank of Mayón tersect 234 m. SSW. of these rocks," which Riv., 10 m. S. of Cápiz, 31 m. above its junc consist of Sand Cay, 180 yds WSW. and ESE. tion with Malinannang Riv. 50 yds. wide and 6 ft. high, in lat. 8° 7' W. MAYÓN, CUESTA DE (COo-ess-tah day mah- lon. 119° 18' 50" E. It is frequented by im- yohn), Hisp.; peak 2,132 ft. high in W. range mense numbers of sea birds. of Antique, Panay, in line of boundary be MEARA (may-ah'-rah), ver.; islet in N. waters of tween Antique and Iloilo, 111 m. E. of Si Honda Bay, E. coast of Palawan. balom. MEDAPA (may-dah-pah'), nat.; hamlet in Cota- MAYONDON (mah-yohn-dawn'), Tag.; point on bato, Mindanao, lat. 6° 32' N., lon. 124° 38' N. shore of Laguna de Bay, Laguna, Luzon, N. 29'' E. of pueblo of Los Baños. MEDELANUT (may-day-lah-noot'), ver.; moun- MAYONTOC (mah-yohn-tock'), Tag.; hamlet in tain in NE. Leyte, 5 m. SSE. of Babatugon. Bulacan, Luzón, 28 m. N. of Bulacan. MEDELLÍN (may-day-lyeen'), Sp.; pueblo on NW. MAYORGA (mah-yor'-gah), Sp.; hamlet on coast coast of Cebú, 58 m. N. of Cebú. Pop., 8,221. road, E. Leyte, 8 m. S. of Dúlag. MEDINA (may-dee-nah), Sp.; hamlet at mouth MAYOYAO (mah-yo-yah'-oh), ver.; mountain of of Lutay Riv., E. coast of Negros Oriental, Bontoc, Luzón, in transverse range which 3 m. S. of Tayasan. extends E. from Gran Cordillera Central and - inland hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, 5 m. SW. divides watersheds of Grande de Cagayán of Malinao. Riv. and Magat tributary of that stream. Bontoc lies 10 m. NW. - hamlet on bight between Diuata and Si- paca Pts., on N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, MAYPANDÂ (my-pahn-dah'), ver.; hamlet in pue 40 m. NNE. of Cagayan de Misamis. blo of Borongan, near E. shore of Sámar, 2 m. N. of Borongan. MEDIO, DEL (dayl may-deeoh), Sp.; island 1 m. long NNW. and SSE., 14 m. W. of Escarceo MAYPÍLIT (my-peel-lit), nat.; stream in Samar, Pt., off N. coast of Mindoro. Lies on N. side NW. of Mt. Paric and tributary to Ulut Riv. of entrance to Galera port, and has 24 ft. at MAYRAÍRA (my-rah-eel-rah). ver.: point 20 m. less than 1 cable (720 ft.) from shore. AtN. NE. of Cape Bojeador, most N. land of Ilocos is great tide race. Norte. Island of Formosa lies due N. about MEENIS (may-ay'-nis), ver.; islet in Sulu grp.. 310, or about 340 st. m. W. or China Sea coast Sulu A., lat. 6° 7' 30" N. of Luzón here begins to trend to SW. MEIBALI (may-ee-bah'-leeh), nat.; mountain in MAYSÚLAO (my-soo-lah-oh). Tag.; hamlet in Ilocos Norte, Luzón, lat. 18° 3' 30' N. pueblo of Calumpit, Bulacan, Luzón. MELCHOR (mell-chor'), Sp.; island of Tres Reyes MAYTIAGUID (my-tee-ah-geed'); hamlet on W.or grp., SW. of Marinduque. channel side of island of same name, 16 m. MELIÁN (may-lee-ahn'). ver.; river in Batangas, NNE. of Taytay, Paragua, Palawan. Luzón, flowing W. and emptying into bay of - island 8 by 4 m. in extent, area 24 sq. m., Batangas. close to NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan, form- ing E. shore of Silanga Bay, and between MELILLA (may-lee-lyah'), Sp.; town inland from Taytay Bay on S. and Aletas de Tiburón or Pt. Tagabulin, on W. shore of Davao Gulf, Shark's Fin Bay on N., connected by narrow Dávao, Mindanao, 26 m. SW. by S. of Dávao. channel between it and mainland. Castle MELVILLE, for.; cape at S. extreme of Balábac I. Peak Pen, forms SE. portion. Hamlet of From octagonal tower 90 ft. high, 1; m. same name is on SW. shore. NW. of this cape, is exhibited at elevation of MAYTIGBAO (my-teeg-bah'-oh), nat.; hamlet in 297 ft. above sea flash light every 20 seconds, pueblo of Sulat, Sámar, on E. coast. visible from S. 630 W. through N. to S. 32° E. from distance of 28 m.; beacon, as it were, of MAYTO (my'-toh), Tag.; hamlet in pueblo of Ca- American institutions toward the islands and lumpit, Bulacan, Luzón. regions of Indian Sea. United States gun- MAYTÚBIG (my-too’-big), nat.; river rising in boat Isla de Luzón touched at cape June 18, Magasao Mt., SE. Negros Oriental, and 1900, while on cruise. empties into sea at Mayón hamlet, 4 m. NE. MÉNDEZ NÚÑEZ (men'-dayth noo-nyayth), Sp.; of Zamboanguita. pueblo in Cavite, Luzón, 24 m. S. of Cavite. MAYTÚN, or MAYTUM (my-toon', my-toom'). Pop., 3,745. nat.; hamlet in W. Bohol, 6 m. E. by N. of Catigbian. MENGANILLA (men-gah-neel-lyah), Sp.; hamlet in SW. part of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 45 MAYUGA (mah-yoo'-gah), ver.; point in SE. Ley- m. S. of Lemery. te, on E. shore of bay, 4 m. SE. of Sógod Antiguo. MENOR (may-nor'), Sp.; islet in China Sea, off MAYUSAN (mah-yoo'-sahn), Tag.; hamlet in Ca- W. coast of Mindoro, 2 m. ENE. of Apo vite, Luzón, 14 m. SE. of Cavite. islet. MAYUT (mah-yoot'),ver.; river in Laguna, Luzón, MEOLMEOL (may-ohl-may-ohl'), ver.; point on rising at foot of Majayjay Mt., takes N. direc- W. coast of Sámar, lat. 12° 34' 20" N. tion through pueblo of Majayjay and empties into Pagsanjan Riv. | MERCEDES (mayr-thay-days), Sp.; town 10 m. inland on r. bank of river emptying into bav MAZADU (mah-zah'-doo), nat.; mountain in Abra, on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 188 m. SSE. Luzón. of Surigao. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 661 MERCEDES, town on S. shore of deep inlet of | MILAOR (mee-lah-or'), ver.; pueblo in Ambos Casilaran Bay, in SW. angle of Davao Gulf, Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 2 m. from Nueva Davao, Mindanao, 33 m. S. by W. of Dávao. Cáceres. Pop., 5,720. - hamlet at headwaters of one of branches of MILINANG (mee-lee-nahng'), nat.; summit, 695 Ibajay Riv., Cápiz, Panay. ft., on N. shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast of - pueblo on W. shore of extreme SE. projec Zambales, Luzon, N. of Súbic. tion of Sámar, 721 m. SE. of Catbalogan. At | MILIRONG (mee-lee-rong'), ver.; hamlet in E. this point extreme SE. neck of Sámar is but Leyte, on inland road, 1) m. W. of Palo. 2 m. from sea to sea. Pop., 3,068. MILO (mee'-law), Sp.; mountain in SE, Leyte, 9 - hamlet on N. side of mouth of Antiguas m. NW. of Hinanangan. Riv., on W. shore of Sámar, 2 m. NW. of Cat- MIMANGLET (mee-mahn-glet'), ver.; wooded is- balogan. land, 250 ft. high, in Corón Passage, between MEREIRA (may-ray'-ee-rah), Sp.; point on N. Busuanga and Calamián, Calamianes grp., off coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, formed of one of NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. spurs of Caraballo Norte, in lat. 18° 42' 20" N. MIMPATUTE (mim-pah-tool-tay), ver.; hamlet MÉRIDA (may'-ree-dah), Sp.; pueblo 2, m.inland, near Paracale, in Ambos Camarines (Norte), on r. bank of river emptying at head of estu Luzon. Deposits of gold, worked by natives, ary on W. shore of Leyte, 81 m. N. across exist in vicinity. sea channel of Ponson I., Camotes grp., and MIMUL (mee-mool'), nat.; point on S. shore of 42 m. SW. by W. of Tacloban. Pop., 897. Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. MESA, DE LA (day lah may'-sah), Sp.; point on MINA (meel-nah), Sp.; pueblo on tributary of S. W. coast of Paragua, Palawan, 11 m. SW. of branch of Jalaur Riv., 15 m. N. by W. of Iloilo. Noroeste Pt., W. head of Ulugan Bay. Pop., 4,357. - island W. of Sámar. MINAÁNUD (mee-nah-ah'-nood), nat.; island off -- island SE. of Masbate, Visayas, lat. 11° 51' E. coast of Samar, in lat. 116 28' N. 30 N. MINADCON (mee-nahd'-cawn), nat.; island ofYSE. MESA DE PALÁPAG (may'-sah day pah-lah' coast of Sámar, lat. 11° 10' 30' N. pag), Hisp.; tableland in NE. Sámar, on Pa- MINAG (mee-nahg'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of cific shore, 10 m. SW. of Espíritu Santo C. Lubungan, Dapitan, Mindanao. Pamangpangan and Boboyaon Mts. form landmarks on coast and stretch W. to Catú- MINAGA (mee-nah'-gah), ver.; river and point in Cebu. big, near river flowing N. into bay SE. of Laguán, visible 42 m. at sea. MINALABAC (mee-nah-lah-bahk'), yer.; pueblo MESETA (may-say'-tah), Sp.: tableland in Sorso- on 1. bank and crossing of Bicol (Vicol) Riv.. gón, Luzón, lat. 12° 42' 40" N. Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 61 m. S. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 3,869. METOC (may-toc'), ver., river in Ambos Cama- rines (Sur), Luzón, rising on S. slopes of MINALAR (mee-nah-lahr'), ver.; island off coast of Quituinan Mt., flows SE., and empties into pueblo of Pambujan, s. coast of Sámar, lat. 11° 10' 10" N., lon. 125° 27' 29" E. Camayón Riy. MÉXICO (may -hee-coh), Sp.; pueblo in Pam- MINALIN (mee-nah-lin), ver.; pueblo in 8. Pam- panga, Luzon, 54 m. NE. of Bacolor. Pop., panga, Luzon, 2) m. SE. of Bacolor. Pop., 6,386. 17,099. MEYCAUAYÁN, or MAYCAUAYÁN (may-ee-cah- MINALOS (mee-nah-laws), ver.; point and ham- wah-yahn', mah-ee-cah-wah-yahn'), Tag.; let on E. shore of Tañón Strait, w. coast of pueblo and station on Manila and Dagupan Cebú, 4 nf. NE. of Dumangue. R. R., on E. outlet of Pampanga delta. Ma MINALUTAN (mee-nah-loof-tahn), ver.; point in nila R. R. here crosses into Bulacan, Luzon, Siquijor I., Visayas, SW. of Bohol, 61 m. SE. of Bulacán. Pop., 8,119. MINANDA (mee-nahn-dah'), ver.; coast hamlet MEYS, or AUTOR (mays, ow-tor'), Sp.; hamlet in on E. shore of Guimaras Strait, 2 m. S. of Pon- pueblo of Bulacán, of that province, Luzon. tevedra, Negros Occidental. MIAGA (mee-ah'-gah), ver.; river in Mindanao. MINANGÁ (mee-nan-gah'), nat.; hamlet 13 m. E. MIAGAO (mee-ah-gah'-oh), ver.; pueblo on SE. of Ilagan, Isabela, Luzon, on Abutuan Riv. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 22 m. W. of Iloilo. MINANGANALANDÁN (mee-nahn-gah-nah-lahn- Pop., 22,100. dahn'), nat.; Moro town on 1. bank of Upper -river of Iloilo, Panay; after receiving num- Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- ber of tributaries, passing through pueblo of danao, 1m. above Masakit bend. same name, empties into sea on SE. coast. MINANGAS ( mee-nahn-gass'), nat.; islet i sq. m. MIASSÍN (mee-ass-sin'), ver.; river in Cotabato, in bay of same name, E. of Silangado I., off Mindanao, flowing S., and empties into bay E. coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., of Illana. China Sea, between Paragua (Palawan) and Mindoro. MIATÁN (mee-ah-tahn') ver.; town on 1. bank of river entering bay É. of Blanca Pt., NW. coast - bay SE. by S. of Coconongon Pt., E. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., China Sea, between Paragua (Palawan) and Mindoro. MIGCANIGUIN (mig-cah-nee-geen'), nat.; point on E. shore Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. - point on SW. coast of Bataan, Luzon, lat. 14° 46' N. MIGPANGUIL, or PANGUIL (mig-pahn-gill', pahn-gill) nat.; river emptying on w. shoré MINANGÁS, or BINANGÁ (mee-nahn-gass', bee- of Panguil Bay, SW. end of Misamis port, Mis nahn-gah), Tag.; port in W. coast of Bataan, amis, Mindanao. Luzon. MILAGBIGA (mee-lag.bee-gah'), ver.; creek in MINANUECAN (mee-nah-nway'-cahn), ver.; poin, Sorsogón, Luzón. on shore of Lamón Bay, NE. coast of Tayabast Luzon, lat. 14° 59' 20" N. MILAGROS (mee-lah'-grohs), Sp.; pueblo on NE. shore of gulf of Asid, s. coast of Masbate I., MINANUT (mee-nah-noot') ver.; island 1 by 1 m. Visayas, on bank of Asid Riv., 12 m. S. of in area, on E. coast of Sámar, 1 m. N. of La- Masbate. Pop., 1,789. nangan, forming shelter to anchorage of that town, town on r. bank of one of lower tributaries of Agusan Riv., Surigao, Mindanao, 17 m. S. MINASANGAN (mee-nah-sang-ahn), ver.; islet of Butúan. off E. coast of Sámar; 6 m. N. of Lanang. MILÁN (mee-lahn'), Sp.; hamlet in sw. part of MINASANGAY (mee-nah-sahn-guy), nat.; islet off Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 21 m. NE. of E. coast of Sámar, opposite mouth of Bulala- Lemery. cay Riv., lat. 11° 31' N. -- hamlet in W. Cápiz, Panay, at headwaters W. Cápiz. Panay, at headwaters | MINATA (mee-nah-tah). ver.; hamlet 11 m. S. of Malinannang Riv., 14 m. N. of Jamindao. of Bobón, on N. shore of W. Sámar. 662 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MINDANAO, ISLAND OF. (Meen-dah-now', nat.) Capitals: Basilan, Isabela; Cotabato, Cotabato; Dávao, Davao; Dapitan, Dapitan; Lanao, Bato, chief Moro town; Misamis, Misamis; Surigao, Surigao; Zamboanga, Zamboanga. Area: Mainland, 45,356 sq. m.; 264 dependent islands, 1,165 sq. m.; total, 46,521 sq. m. (See areas of provinces.) Population: 495,659. Race: In Surigao and Misamis, the Visayan; in the remaining parts of the island not under civil government, the Moro-Malay stock. Language; Spanish corrupted; Moro and the dialects Joloano, Sámal, Yacam, and Maguindanao; the dialects of the coast of Dávao, the Visayan, Cebuano, Bagobo, Tagacolo, Bilán, Montés, Mamanna, Tiruray, Tagabili, and Dulangan. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The great island of Mindanao occupies the SE. corner of the United States posses- sions in E. Asia, Baculín Pt., at the town of that name in Surigao, the extreme E. land, lying within 32 naut. m. of the meridian of lon. 127, the E. treaty boundary, and its most S. islands, Sarangani (Balut), within 36 naut. m. of the s. boundary. The SE. angle of the treaty limits lies but 102 naut. m. ESE. of these islands. The line of boundary between the United States and Dutch possessions crosses the fifth parallel of lat. N., from E. by N. to W. by S., 23 naut. m. S. of the Sarangani group of islands (Balut), Mindanao. The nearest of the Dutch islands is Ariaga (de la Silla), the most N. of the Carcaralong group, 37 naut. m. due S. of the islands named, in the Célebes Sea. Mindanao is bounded on the N. by the sea of Mindanao, Negros, Cebú, Bohol, and Leyte, of the Visayan group, lying opposite from W. to E.; also by an arm of the Pacific Ocean, beyond which, 64 m., the S. coast of Sámar lies; on the E. by the Pacific Ocean; on the S. by the Pacific Ocean, Célebes Sea, and Sulu Archipelago, and on the W. by the Sulu Sea. The shore line is 1,592 m. (2,562 kilometers). AREA. The mainland and dependent islands lie between lat. 5° 21' N. (Tapundo Pt., Balut I.) and lat. 10° 28' N. (Desolation Pt., Dinagat I.), 5° 6', or 306 geog. m., 352 st. m., and from lon. 121° 53' E. (Pedrusco Pt., Zamboanga) to 126a 28' E. (Baculín Pt., Surigao), or 5° 357, 335 geog. m., 386 st. m. The mainland of the island extends from lat. 5° 35' N., Tinaca Pt., to Bilas Pt., 9° 50', or 270 st. m. N. and S., and, as above indicated, 366 m. E. and W. The following table gives provinces, local governments, capitals, areas, populations, and dependent islands, and aggregate for Mindanao as a whole: Province. Local governments. Capital. Area. Popula- tion. Depend- ent is- lands. Area. Sq. m. Basilan.... Naval station Cotabato ... No civil govt.. Dapitan.. .do.......... Dávao. ..do.. Lanao. .do... Misamis Civil May 15, 1901 .. Surigao.... ..do...... Zamboanga...... No civil govt........ Isabela de Basilan.. Cotabato Dapitan.. Dávao ... 3 Sq.m. 354 8,344 2,386 9,171 5,879 13, 201 3, 486 8,000 4,148 20, 273 33, 668 100,000 126,942 85, 125 117,503 195 3,900 115 Misamis Surigao.... Zamboanga. 662 80 128 Total 46,521 495, 659 261 1,165 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 663 The area of Mindanao as above stated, in comparison with publications supposed to be authoritative, shows a margin of difference plus 8,272 to 12,521 sq. m., as follows: [1 sq. m.=2.59 square kilometers.] Square Square kil- miles. ometers. 46,521 Gazetteer of the Philippine Islands (compiled in the War Department, Bureau of Insular Affairs), based on latest United States hydrographic and British Admiralty charts ..... El Archipiélago Filipino, Colección de Datos, Observatorio de Manila, 1900, Ins- tituto Geográfico y de Estadística..... Atlas de Filipinas, Colección de 30 Mapas, Observatorio de Manila, 1899....... United States Senate Document No. 171, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session; above figures assumed....... 38, 250 36, 237 120, 954 99, 450 93,854 93,854 36, 237 CLIMATE. The whole island of Mindanao being less than 10° from the equator the climate is generally hot and humid, but more equable than Luzon. The thermometer is the shade varies between 22° and 30° C. (72º and 86° F.); the winds from the sea are sometimes excessively hot; the land winds, on the contrary, are fresh and invigorating. The latter prevail most of the time, as in Borneo. Rains are freqnent and heavy throughout the island, increasing during the months of October and November. In the valley of the Agusán Riv. they hardly cease between December and February. In Linao, a point in the NE., the fall of rain in 1 year has been as heavy as 3 meters (118 inches), and the floods rise to the floors of the native houses, lasting often as long as 25 or 30 days, for which reason the natives do not raise cattle of any kind. The bodies of those who succumb in the flood appear later suspended in the trees on account of the lack of dry earth in which to bury them. The much feared cyclones, called baguíos, which cause such terrible damage in the tropies, are felt in Mindanao only as far as the 8th degree of latitude on the E. coast. It is under the influence of the monsoons of the N. hemisphere, but beyond the region of typhoons. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The mountain system of Mindanao has been much affected by the eruption of vol- canoes and the destructive action of earthquakes. The volcano of Apo, 10,312 it. hi h, near the W. shore of Davao Bay in the SE., and Malindang, 8,560 ft. high, in the NW., form the chief summits of the principal ranges, which give rise to many fine rivers. The island is drained chiefly by 2 great rivers. The Grande de Mindanao Riv., which enters the sea across an extensive delta at Cotabato, in the S. part of Illana Bay, drains an extensive plain with several large lakes, which receive their supply of water through the Pulangui Riv. (upper waters of the Grande de Mindanao). The Pulangui or Grande de Mindanao Riv. in length and volume is the largest in the archipelago. The other great stream, Butuan, the mouth of which is in Butuan Bay on the N., receives its waters from the Agusán, which rises not far from the head of Dávao Bay on the S. There are numerous other streams and tributaries. The island has 9 large mountain lakes, Mainit, Pinayat, Dagun, Sadocun, and Linao, in Surigao; Liguasan and Bulúan, in Cotabato; Tapao, in Lanao, and Lanao or Malanao, the largest, 21 by 12 m. in area, on the boundary between the latter province and Misamis. At Surigao, in Surigao, are the celebrated iron springs at Placer. Mainit (Mapaca), in the same province, and Balingasag, in Misamis, are famous for sulphur springs, while the thermal waters of Malibató are resorted to on account of their curative qualities. BAYS AND HARBORS. The coast line is very uneven and much indented with deep bays and inlets, those of Iligan, on the N., and Illana or Lanun, on the S., leaving an isthmus between them little more than 35 m. wide and not more than 14 m. between the SW. extreme of Panguil (a long, narrow inlet in the SW. angle of Iligan Bay) and Illana Bay. On its coasts are some of the largest and finest bays in the archipelago-Sindangan, Dapi- tan, Iligan, Macajalar, and Butúan on the N.; Davao (the largest), Sarangani, Illana, Dumanquilas, and Sibuguey on the S., and Sibuco on the W. 664 - ETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LIGHT-HOUSES. There are 5 lights on this coast. One is Zamboanga, lighting the Basilan Strait between the Sulu and Célebes seas; at Dapitan, N. coast, lighting the channel between the Sulu and Mindanao seas; on Pujada Bay, SE. coast, lighting Mati in the vicinity of coal deposits; Parangparang, E. coast of Illana Bay, lighting to Polloc Harbor, and at Glan, in the extreme S., on the E. head to Sarangani Bay. The lights will be described with the locality. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are few wagon roads except in the immediate vicinity of the provincial cap- itals. The towns are situated either along the sea coasts or on the banks of the great rivers and lakes, like the Agusan and lakes in Surigao; the Pulangui, or Grande, and its great lakes in Misamis, Lanao, and Cotabato, and the great Lake Lanao and its outlet in Lanao and Misamis. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population under the official census of 1887—209,087—did not include the natives of the interior, nor represent the sum of its own figures as given, with res- pect to provinces. This aggregate is 495,659. The inhabitants, although of Moro stock, are divided into a number of tribes, each of which has a dialect of its own, as follows: Moro and its dialects, Joloano, Sámal, Yacam, Maguindanao, and the dia- lect of the coast of Davao, Visaya, Cebuano and Bagobo, Tagacaolo, Bilán, Montés, Mamanna, Tiruray, Tagabili, and Dulangan. Spanish, somewhat corrupted, is also spoken. There are no large towns on this island. Zamboanga, which is department and district headquarters for the United States troops in Mindanao, is not the largest town in population. There are 124 towns, having from 500 to 13,874 inhabitants, the latter number being the population of Dávao, the capital of the province, on the bay of that name. There are about 400 villages. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. Of the 264 dependent islands, those of geographical importance are: Basilan, 304 sq. m., with navigable rivers, a large population, and industry; Dinagat, 387 sq. m., with its valuable native gold mines and forest products; Siargao, 190 sq. m.; Sámal, 104 sq. m., producing superior chocolate; Camiguín, 113 sq. m., with 24,000 popula- tion, producing cacao and other valuable products; Olutanga, 90 sq.m., with its fine harbors; Saccol, 16 sq. m., and Sarangani, off the extreme S. point. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. It is claimed that properly exploited the vegetable products of Mindanao will exceed those of any of the islands of the archipelago. Notwithstanding its large area and comparatively sparse population, it ranked fifth in 1899 among the hemp-producing sections: Albay, 265,366; Sámar, 148,988; Leyte, 118,507; Sorsogon, 101,629, and Mindanao, 59,974, all in piculs. Hemp receipts, 1850-1899, of Mindanao, taken from the report of the Manila Chamber of Commerce. 3. 7401862 1850.. 1851. 1852....... 1853... 1854.. 1855. [Piculs. 1 picul = 137.9 lbs.] 4,048 | 1861............. 18,140 | 1872.. 18,481 | 1874.. 2,920 1863...... 15, 893 1880....... 3,780 1864....... 12, 395 1881..... 8,180 1865.. 3,098 1882..... 9,925 1866. 778 1883.... 14, 958 1867. 1,512 | 1884.. 12, 612 1868. 632 1885.. 14,835 1869.. 1,808 1886.. 25, 223 1870.. 600 1887. 23, 818 1871.... 430 | 1888.. 468 | 1889... 480 | 1890.... 191 | 1891...... 4,887 1892..... 530 1893.. 18, 354 | 1894.. 25, 325 1895. 24, 458 | 1896. · 29, 844 1897.. .. 57,118 | 1898... .. 45, 263 | 1899..... 36,074 53, 747 85, 764 108, 694 104, 463 116, 442 123, 015 107, 413 123, 296 52,732 59, 974 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859.. 1860... .... Among the vegetable products of special commercial value on this island are the famed "spices," cloves, nutmegs, cinnamon and its valuable products, pepper, betel nuts, betel peppers, etc. The staples are rice, sugar cane, cotton, cabo negro, corn, tobacco, indigo, coffee, sweet potatoes, cocoanut, and vegetables. Thus Mindanao produces not only all the products of the other islands of the archipelago, but also of the famed "spice” islands of the Moluccas, Celebes, and other tropical groups of the Indies of the Far East. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 665 MINERALS. The mineral wealth is doubtless great, from the evidences given by outcroppings of the native products. For many years the natives in the N. have presented gold in exchange for articles of trade. The auriferous zone, between the Caturan Riv. to the E. and the Iligan Riv. on the W., and along the beds of Bulalácao, I paran, Paga- yan, Bigaan, and Catman Rivs., is well known. Coal deposits exist in the vicinity of Sibuguey, Surigao, and Mati. Sulphur is plentiful in the neighborhood of the volcanoes. Copper and platinum are also reported. The provinces of Misamis, Suri- gao, and Cotabato are known for their mineral possibilities. FORESTS. The island is covered with forests of the most valuable woods of the archipelago, useful for economic purposes, particularly naval construction, house building, and furniture making. The molave (molaue) narra, a large article of export, resembling the yellow pine of the United States; teak, one of the most valuable of shipbuilding timbers, especially for deck purposes; manconi or ironwood, bamboos, ípils, junipers, ebony, cypress, the varied gum, resin, wax, and honey producing trees, and medicinal and dye plants grow in great abundance. The forests also abound in animal life, 207 species of birds having been scientifically classified, of which number 17 species are peculiar to Mindanao and Basilan, while 13 others occur in these islands and range to the N., but not into the Sulu Tawi Tawi group. The highland avifauna is still unknown. Among these the singular calao or horn bills, parrots, cockatoos, jungle fowls, kingfishers, pigeons, doves, among the latter the puñalada (named on account of the bright red spot on its breast), are numerous; also monkeys and the curious caguang, a combination of monkey and bat. Deer and wild hogs also abound. "Iguana," the giant lizard, sometimes between 6 and 7 ft. in length; snakes, the boa particularly, of great size; scorpions, and leeches infest the forests and crocodiles the rivers. FRUITS. Fruits in great variety and abundance grow wild in the forests and on the planta- tions; among them the pineapple, mangosteen, sapote, banana, orange, lemon, etc. INDUSTRIES. Large herds of horses, cattle, and carabaos are raised. Owing to the dominant Mohammedan religion there are few domesticated hogs, although the forests abound in the wild variety. There is a little weaving of hemp and cotton fabrics, sufficient for home use. The most important industry is the production and shipment of hemp and forest and sea products. The edible bird's nests (salangane) are gathered in large quantities from the caves along the coasts of the mainland and islands. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The Twenty-third United States Infantry, detached from the forces in Sulu, made the first United States military occupation of Mindanao at Zamboanga in November, 1899. This was followed by the establishment of regimental headquarters, Thirty- first United States Infantry, at the same point, the second battalion at Cotabato and the third at Davao, during the month of December, 1899. Stations were established at Polloc, Mati, Parangparang, Baganga, Surigao, Cagayán, Iligan, Misamis, and Dapitan between that date and April 4, 1900. From that period garrisons have been stationed at strategic points and operations were conducted on the N. coast against hostile insur- gents and on the S. and E. coasts for the purpose of reestablishing order and govern- ment, to regulate intercourse between the Filipinos and Moros, and to secure and maintain the confidence and control of the alien races. The names of military sta- tions in Mindanao will be found in the description of the province in which located. LOCAL GOVERNMENTS. Of the 7 subdivisions of the island, Misamis and Surigao are civil and the rest are without civil government. 666 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MINDANAO (meen-dah-now'), nat.; point on N.1 MINDANAO, GRANDE DE-Continued. shore of Sarangani I., off extreme coast of tween them it forms great delta. These Dávao, Mindanao. branches communicate with each other by 4 small channels. N. arm is widest, deepest, MINDANAO, GRANDE DE (grahn'-day day meen- and most navigable; S, one is norrow with dah-now'), nat.; great river which disem- only 5 ft. of water. It is divided at its en- bogues 6 m. to S. of Polloc Harbor, through 2 trance into 2 arms by islet which can not be wide arms, on N. of which is town of Cotabato, passed on S. side. River banks are numer- about 6. m. from mouth, River is navigable ously peopled by Moros. Elevated range for 70 m. by vessels of 3) ft. draft. It flows of volcanic mountains dominated by cen- through beautiful valley 35 m.in width which tral peak of Dikalungan, Dávao, extends scarcely shows any change of level. This some 70 m. to S. nearly parallel to river. magnificent section is capable from its fertile Peak of Calabata, 31 m. from S. entrance of soil of producing tobacco, cacao, sugar, maize, Mindanao Riv., is another mark used by and cotton. Course of river lies SE. for 52 m. navigators for that stream. From S. entrance from its mouth to lake of Liguasan out of of Mindanao Riv. coast trends about SW. 27 which it flows. From other side of lake direc- m. to Quidapil Pt., most salient projection of tion of river is NNE. to its source in Ranga- this part. yán Mt. At 25 m. from N.mouth river divides MINDANGAM (min-dang'-ahm); ver.; tributary of into 2 arms, which enter sea 4, m. apart, be ſlog Riv. (q. v.), Negros Occidental. MINDORO ISLAND, SUBPROVINCE OF MARINDUQUE. (Meen-doh'-roh, ver.) Capital of the consolidated province: Boac, Marinduque; capital of Mindoro, Puerto Galera, lat. 13° 32' N., lon. 120° 56' E., approximately. Area: 4,040 sq. m. mainland; 26 dependent islands, 68 sq. m.; total, 4,108 sq. m. Population: 67,656, registered; including wild races, 106,200. Race: Malayan stock and a few Visayans. Language: Visayan, Manguiano, and Tagálog. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. m . 472 From Puerto Galera to- Balábac, Balábac, sw. Batangas, Luzon, N. by E..... Manila (sailing route, 110 m.), S Zamboanga, Mindanao, SSE.... 441 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The island of Mindoro occupies a position a little N. of the center of the entire archipelago. On the N., across the sea channel, lies the S. coast of Batangas, Luzón, the distance being 73 m. between Escarceo (Mindoro) and Malocot (Luzón) Pts.. The island of Lubang lies 15 m. NW. of Del Monte or Santo Tomás Pt.; Marin- duque I. 23 m. to the E. of the N., and Tablas I. 31 m. to the E. of the S. ends. Panay, 36. m. SE., between Pandán (Mindoro) and Naisog (Panay) Pts., and Bu- suanga, the beginning of the Palawan chain, 33 m. to the SW. AREA. The island is 110 m. NW. to SE, and 56 m. NE. to SW., averaging 81 m. N. and S. and 50 m. E. and W. Estimated area, 4,050 sq. m.; 26 dependent islands, 58 sq. m.; total, 4,108 sq. m., being 423 sq. m. larger than the combined area of Dela- ware and Rhode Island, nearly half the size of Massachusetts, and more than half that of New Jersey. The coast line is 322 m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The display of Mindoro from Marinduque across the sea channel is exceedingly grand. Out of the high elevations rises Halcón Mt., over 8,800 ft., in the N. cen- tral part, the mountain sides being covered with forests of primeval grandeur to the very summit. The general topographical features of the island consist of several high, broken ranges, forming an elevated plain in the interior. Calavite Mt., in the extreme NE. part, is the beginning of a range trending SE. to Halcón Mt., in the N. central section. From this elevated area a number of sierras extend in different directions, dropping toward the coast, where the land becomes low and marshy and ill suited to long residence by the white race. On the W. coast inland are double and treble chains of mountains which extend through the island; from them low points of land project into the sea. Between these central elevations and the W. coast along Mindoro Strait are beautiful stretches of prairie covered with nutritious NATIVE HOUSE WITH THATCHING OF "COGON.” CARABAO TAKING A MUD BATH. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 667 grasses, while E. of the same culminating altitude, down to the very line of the tidal risings of the Visayan Sea are unbroken primeval forests of valuable woods. The many rivers rising in the center of the island and following the sinuosities of the surface fall into the sea without reference to the general fluvial system made up of a main stream and tributaries so advantageous to the wants and activities of man. The rainfall is very great. CLIMATE. The climate of Mindoro is very variable and subject to monsoons. The W. coast is healthy and temperate; the N. and E. coasts and towns of Marinduque and Lubán are very warm. The proximity of forests to the coast towns makes them unhealthy. Intermittent fevers turn into typhoid. Consumption also prevails. Lubán are very temperate; the N. and E and subject to monsor BAYS AND HARBORS. The coasts of Mindoro are indented with a number of fine bays and harbors, as follows: Balateros Chico; N. coast, E. of Balateros Grande. Balateros Grande; N. coast, 1 m. E. of the port of Minolo. Bulalácao; E. coast, opens between Pt. Tambilambi to the W. and the penin- sula of Pandán to the SSE. Calapán; N. coast between Pt. Baliti to the S., and Pt. Calapán or Tibao on the NE., and 3 m. in extent. Dáyap; N. coast, 1 m. to the SW. of the point of the same name. Dongón; 7 m. S. of Sablayán on the W. coast, affording shelter for vessels of all sizes. blog, Abra de; about the center of the N. coast. Iriron; on the W. coast, inclosed between point of that name and Lumintan. Lalangan (Gómez); W. coast formed near the middle of the channel of Ylín. Loguicay; on the S. coast, between the peninsula of Pandán and S. of Pt. Buyallao. Mambúrao; an elbow within the mouth of the same name on the W. coast. Mansalay; on the E. coast, 103 m. to the N. of Pt. Buyallao. Mansiol; on the E. coast, between the point of the same name and Pt. Colasi, SE. Pandán; on the W. coast, N. of the point of the same name. Pandarochan; between the clear and accessible point of Buruncan, the S. extremity of the island, and the SE. point of Ylín. Pinamalayan; S. of the NE. extremity of the island, E. coast, between Pts. Balete and Dumali. Pola; to the NW. of Mt. Dumali, between Anahaoan and Dáyap. Puluán; W. coast S. of Mt. Calavite, between Pt. Pantocomi and Marigil. A good depth at the entrance and better in the interior up to 2 m. inshore. Sablayán; W. coast, N. of Dongón Pt. Sagincay; E. coast, between Bulalácao and Pandán Pts., SE. Subaang; W. of the point of that name, on the N. coast. Tubile; W. coast, N. of the point of the same name. Varadero; 1} m. SW. of Pt. Escarceo, N. coast. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are few roads, the inland villages being reached by mountain trails or in canoes if accessible by river. Along the coast native sailing crafts carry the greater share of the local traffic. All of the products of shipment to Manila or the other islands are concentrated at ports of call for steamers and thence distributed to destination. Road travel and traffic is by sleds or rude carts drawn by buffaloes. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The registered inhabitants number 67,656; including the wild tribes of the interior the population is estimated at 106,200. The dominant race of the interior is the Manguianes. The rest of the inhabitants of the interior belong to the Bangot, Buguil, Tadianan, Durugmunan Beribi, Buctulan, Riron, and Lactán tribes, with a few Negritos in the vicinity of Halcón. On the N. coast the lagáloge prevail and on the Š. inhabitants from the neighboring Visayan Is. The languages spoken are Tagalog in the N., Visayan in the S., and Manguián in the center of the island. 668 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The following is the division of Mindoro into pueblos and their respective popula- tion, according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 1,161 486 617 252 320 6,593 306 307 2,089 285 2,735 98 664 1,866 190 544 234 290 6, 823 262 276 2,014 610 13, 416 568 583 4,103 539 5, 436 254 2,701 93 191 Mindoro: Abra de Ilog Aling...... Bacô.. Boac...... Bongabón Bulalácao Calapán Caluya .. Gasán... Iriron .. Looe........ Lubang...... Mangarin ... Mambúrao Mansalay.. Mogpog..... Nauján. Palúan Pinamalayan..... Pola ........ Puerto Galera .. Sablayan... Santa Cruz Santa Cruz de Napo.. Semerara .. Sibay..... Subaang... Ticlín .. Torrijos. 645 1,850 167 186 222 1,309 3, 716 357 408 353 5,173 180 2,660 2,090 804 4,367 250 173 2,513 2,277 873 309 477 424 470 118 7, 838 148 201 212 151 1,466 462 368 394 81 7,730 123 198 191 124 1, 443 1, 677 559 939 792 864 199 15,568 271 399 403 275 2,909 Total 34,194 33, 437 67, 631 Estimated, 1901, 106,200. * According to the enumeration above the towns of the island of Marinduque and of Lubang fell under the political jurisdiction of Mindoro. All the towns, 19 in number, are situated along the coast. The villages of the interior are inhabited entirely by the wild tribes. The following is a list of the towns: Puerto Galera, capital; on a well-sheltered harbor of the same name, on the N. coast. Pop., 1,912. Abra de Ílog; on a river near the bay of the same name, on the N. coast, 28 m. W. of Calapán. Pop., 1,272. Bacô; at the mouth of the river of the same name, on the N. coast, 4 m. W. of Calapán. Pop., 440. Bongabón; on the E. coast, 56 m. SE. of Calapán. Pop., 271. Bulalácao; on the extensive bay of that name on the peninsula of Pandán, 75 m. S. by E. of Calapán. Pop., 516. Busuanga; near the mouth of the river of that name, 69 m. S. by W. of Calapán. Calapán; the capital on the NE. coast of the bay of the same name, sheltered by the Bacos islets. Batangas, Luzón, lies 16 m. to the N. across Verde Passage. Pop., 5,585. Iriron; on the W. coast of the bay and river of the same name, 56 m. SSW. of Calapán. Pop., 143. Mambúrao; at the mouth of the river and on the N. shore of the bay of that name, W. coast, 43 m. WSW. of Calapán. Pop., 499. Mangarín; on the extensive bay of that name in the extreme SW. part of Min- doro, 75 m. S. of Calapán. Pop., 2,289. Mansalay; on the sheltered bay of that name, E. coast, 63 m. SSE. of Calapán. Pop., 379. Nauján; on the NE. coast, at the mouth of the river of the same name, and the seat of important trade of the region in the vicinity of the lake of that name, 13 m. SE. of Calapán. Pop., 8,312. Palúan; an important town on the NE. coast of the bay of that name, 46 m. W. by S. of Calapán. Pop., 1,561. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 669 Pinamalayan; on the river and bay of the same name, E. coast, 33 m. SE. of Calapán. Pop., 292. Pola; at the mouth of the river on the extensive bay of the same name, NE. coast, 25 m. SE. of Calapán. Pop., 572. Sablayán; on the W. coast, on the bay of Pandán, sheltered by the island of that name, 49 m. SW. of Calapán. Santa Cruz; on the W. coast, at the mouth of Talabasi, and E. of that point, 40 m. SW. of Calapán. Pop., 300. Subaang; on the N. coast, at the mouth of the river of the same name, 5 m. W. of Calapán. Pop., 397. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The dependent islands and groups near the mainland of Mindoro are: m. ... ............... . Alibatan; on the W. approach to Bulalácao Bay, off the S. coast of Mindoro....... Ambolón; on the S. coast, and one of the Ylin group, 1 m. E. of the island of that name, 41 m. N. and S., 3 m. E. and W. It is separated from Ylin (Ilín) I. by a narrow channel of the same name. Aguada is a village on its NW. coast..... Anaganahao; off N. coast and S. of Silonay I....... Apo; a small island on the W. coast in Mindoro Strait, 24 m. W. of Sablayan Pt. and town. The island divides and gives its name to the E. and w. passages of the Mindoro Strait ...... Bacos; 3 islets on the N. coast, fronting the approach to Calapán, 2 m. NW. of Calapan Pt. Buyallao; on the SE. coast, N. of the point of the same name....... Caluya; on the S. coast, 10 m. SE. of Semerara, and a member of that group, 4 m. from N. to S.,11 m. from E. to W. The S. part is 623 ft. high... Donjon; NW. of Ylín (Ilín), off Busuanga Pt., SW. coast of Mindoro ... Gaza; on the S. coast in the approach to Bulalácao Bay and town.. Ilin. (See Ylin.) Iriron; in the bay of the same name, off the SW. coast of Mindoro ...... Libagao; on the E. coast, off the entrance to Bulalácao Bay and town, 410 ft. high ... Lubang: group NW. of Mindoro, part of Marinduque...... Manadi; in the channel between the N. coast of Ylín (Ilín) I. and the SW. mainland of Mindoro, off Busuanga Pt ........ Masí Riv.; 3 small islets at its mouth, between Masi and Bongabón Pts. Masin; on the S. coast in the entrance to Bulalácao Bay and town .... Menor; an island on the W. coast in Mindoro Strait, 22 m. W. of Sablayán Pt. and town, 3 m. N. of Apo I........................ Medio; fronting Puerto Galera on the N. coast, W. of Escarceo Pt.; 6 m. S. by W. of Verde I., in the passage of that name ....... Nagubat; 2 islets on the S. coast belonging to the Semerara group, 4 m. E. by N. of Semerara..... Panagatan; on the S. coast, in the extreme Sw.of the Semerara group, off the s. coast of Mindoro, surrounded by reefs and covered with bushes........ Pandán; W. coast, 2 islets in the bay of that name N. of Sablayan town, point, and anchorage .... Paniquian; a small island off the N. coast, fronting Puerto Galera, and S. of Medio I.... Semerara; on the s. coast; group includes the islands of Semerara, Nagubat, Libagao, Sibolon, Sibatón, Caluya, Sibay, and Panagatan; Semerara situated 10 m. SE. of Pt. Burancan, 8. extremity of Mindoro, is 10 m. from NNW. to SSE., and 4m. wide on the s., its point of greatest breadth Island is mountainous, but of medium height, and has irregular coasts: it has one town situated in the NE. part, inhabited by 150 people, who are engaged in collecting the sea cucumbers from the shallows which surround the bay. The channel between this island and Mindoro is reported free from rocks. Coal is found near the shore at a depth of 1 foot. In the N. part it is of good quality, in the S. part of but medium grade. The island has 3 peaks, the highest being 512 it....... Sibatón; on the š. coast, and one of the Semerara Is., 10 m. SSE. of Semerara, 12 m. W. of Panay. 111 ft. high........ Sibay; on the S. coast, and one of the southernmost of the Semerara Is., 7. m. S. of the island of that name, 2) m. SE. of Caluya, 71 m. from E. to W., 4 m. from N. to S.; 218 ft. high Sibolon; on the s. coast, the easternmost of the Semerara Is., S. of Mindoro, 13 m. E. of Semerara, and 81 m. N. of Sibaton; 148 ft. high ....... Silonay; 1 m. NE. of Calapan Pt., NN. coast.... Tambarón; on the S. coast in the E. approach to Bulalácao Bay and town....... Ylín (Ilín); group and principal island off the extreme SW. coast of Mindoro, 10 m. from NW. to SE. Land is high and mountainous, especially the E. coast, which is covered with trees and extensive mangrove swamps, reaching to the shore, except at the point on the SE. just oppo- site a rough and jagged rock. Only town, called Ilin, has a population of 500 Tagalogs and Visayans engaged in fishing; their food is mostly fish, turtle, and bolate (sea cucumbers). In front of the middle of the E. coast is Ambolón I., which is of medium height and surrounded with reefs.. ... 30 Total area.. . 68 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. In the days of greatest activity in the islands, before the decay of the Spanish mon- archy, the abundance of the rice yield gave Mindoro the name of “the granary of the Philippines.” The prosperity of the law-abiding natives on the coast soon attracted the rapacity of the piratical Moros from the s., who, like the Buccan- neers of the Indies of the W., captured and looted their towns and murdered their people. A train of disasters followed in an epidemic among the carabaos, their main reliance in the tillage of the soil. What remained of the inhabitants took to 670 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. tivated products are rilimate and soil is particularthe past few ye the forests, while the seats of squalor on the coast became the resort of criminals and desperate characters from Luzon, the Visayas, and nearer islands. Among the cul- tivated products are rice, sugar cane, tobacco, hemp, ground nuts, cocoa, sweet pota- toes, peas, etc. The climate and soil is particularly suitable to the growth of coffee. The cultivation of hemp is increasing. Within the past few years the cultivation of sugar cane in the vicinity of Calapán received attention. Abra de Ílog and Mam- búrao in 1899 exported 1,200 piculs. The cultivation of tobacco, long established in the towns of Sablayán and Santa Cruz, yields a quality similar to that of the Igo- rrotes. Cotton is raised for home consumption, there being a small export to the island of Ipil. Grazing is the occupation of the inhabitants in the vicinity of Abra de Ilog, Nauján, and Mangarín for home supply. MINERALS. The ancient name of the island was Mait, its present designation being of Spanish origin, from Mina de oro, or "Mine of gold," from the tales of fabulous mineral wealth in the mountainous inland circulated among the early Spanish explorers by the natives, doubtless in order to placate the ferocity of these forerunners of W. occupation. For over 33 centuries this auriferous wealth has remained as much of a mystery as ever, although the island is reputed to possess coal, gold, and cop- per. The mineral resources have been but little known. As far as the island has been explored its mountains show commercial quantities of copper, gold, and coal. The latter is found in Bulalácao, in the extreme SE. part of the island. Sulphur in large quantities is found in the pueblo of Sablayán. There are also valuable beds of gypsum and important deposits of ocher (mineral paint) near Nauján, and flint, an article of export from Bacô. An exhibit of the mining bureau (August, 1900) shows 34 coal claims under conces- sions issued under royal decree, representing 5,100,000 sq. meters, and 4 claims in progress of demarcation, as provided by royal decree and regulations thereunder, aggregating 600,000 sq. meters (1 sq. meter = 10.764 sq. ft.). FORESTS. In Mindoro and Palawan it is estimated that there are 5,000,000 a. of virgin forests formerly owned by the Crown of Spain, and which, by the transfer of juris- diction, became the property of the United States. Of the upward of 450 tree species known to the forestry bureau of the P. I.' (August, 1900), Mindoro has its full share, including cedar, ebony, ironwood, mahogany, logwood, sapan- wood, valuable gums (camphor), rubber, and gutta-percha, dyewoods, bamboo, areca and cocoanut palms, dye and perfume woods, and calinga, a species of cinnamon. In this island, as in others of the Philippine group, there grows a tree somewhat similar to, though a reversal of, the banyan of Ceylon. In this case the roots grow in separate parts, sometimes 20 ft. out of the ground before uniting in the main trunk, and these roots often stand 30 ft. apart. The fiber being compact the wood is very sonorous; the trunk when struck by a club gives out a deep reverberating sound which can be heard at a long distance. Among the natives of Mindoro, these sounds are recognized as signals which are exchanged, notifying the people of approach of friendly parties or danger, etc. These singular sounds, booming through the dense forests from different points, are always a wonder to strangers in the coun- try until they become aware of the cause. FRUITS Among the fruits are mangoes, plantains, mangosteens, and most of the products of tropical latitudes of the E. shores of the Asiatic continent. INDUSTRIES. Near the principal towns woodcutting and rattan splitting for the Manila market is the chief industry, particularly from the towns of Paluán, Mamburao, Iriron, Bulalácao, Pola, Pinamalayan, Nauján, and the capital. The traffic is carried on in small ships running to Manila and Batangas. The town of Pola has extensive nipa groves, whose products are exported to Batangas, Tayabas, and the island of Marin- duque. Rattan, diliman, rajas, burí, honey, forest gums, and wax, which is obtained from the towns of Puerto Galera, Paluán, and Mambúrao; tortoise shell, which is obtained from the little bordering islands; large canoes, made from a single piece of wood, which are constructed in the towns of Bacô and Subaang; sibucao, which is exported from Puerto Galera; balao oil, pitch, nigui, and cabo negro are the principal articles of export. There is also a large production of sago. Stoves, whose products Manila and Bata and the capital. "Thán, Mambúr GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 671 UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The first military occupation of Mindoro took place from Manila, in July, 1901, and United States signal cable communication between Calapán, Mindoro, and Batangas, Luzon, was established in August following. On February 15, 1902, Mindoro was garrisoned by United States troops, as follows: Abra de Ílog, Mangarín, Paluan, Pola, Calapán, Nauján, Pinamalayan, Puerto Galera. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Under act of the Philippine Commission June 23, 1902, the provincial-govern- ment act” and its amendments were extended to the island of Mindoro and the smaller islands adjacent thereto, including the island of Lubang, detached from the province of Cavite, to which it then belonged, and incorporated the same with the province of Marinduque. The provincial secretary, provincial treasurer, provincial supervisor, and provincial fiscal of the province of Marinduque were declared to be, respectively, the secretary, treasurer, supervisor, and fiscal of the province, as enlarged, with salaries at the rate originally fixed. The provincial governor of Marinduque was continued as governor of the enlarged province, but without executive or other power over any portion of the territory incorporated into the province of Marinduque by the act. The appointment of a governor for the island of Mindoro and the small islands adjacent thereto, to be an officer of the Army of the United States, to be detailed for that purpose by the major-general commanding the Division of the Philippines, was authorized, to hold office until a new governor for the consoli- dated province of Marinduque should be elected, under the provisions of the provin- cial-government act. The provincial board of Mindoro was declared to consist of the governor for the island of Mindoro, the provincial treasurer, and provincial supervisor of the consolidated province. The presidentes of municipalities in the island of Mindoro and small adjacent islands were not required to attend the meet- ings of the presidentes of municipalities until after the election of a provincial gover- nor. The capital of the consolidated province was retained at Boac, Marinduque, and of Mindoro was established at Puerto Galera. Until the election of a new gover- nor for the consolidated province the funds accruing from taxation in each island were to be kept separately, and provisions were made for their disbursement. e islan rovincial be elear until an CONDITIONS. "Everything peaceful in this province. Just returned from tour over end of prov- ince; myself and Spanish secretary only white men in the party; no danger; condi- tions promising; sentiments favorable to Americans." (Report of provincial gover- nor of Mindoro, December, 1901.) MINDORO (meen-doh'-roh), ver.; wide strait MINGOLIT (min-goh-lit'), yer.; river in S. Nueva separating Calamianes grp. from Mindoro Vizcaya, Luzon. and one of most frequented channels for ves- - peak in Caraballos Occidentales, Luzón. sels which leave ports of China for India toward end of April and in May, and at all MINIC (mee-nick!). ver., anchorage in Zambo- times of year from ports of China to Aus- anga, S. Mindanao. (Also Minican.) tralia; 37 m. between Lumintan Pt., Min- MINIGIL (mee-nee-hill'). ver.; island of NE. doro, and Alon-on Pt., Busuanga I., divided shore of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzón. into 2 passages by Apo I. and reef. (See Apo point on NE. shore of Catanduanes I., NE. Passage.) of Albay, Luzon, on W. side of entrance to - N. waters of Sulu Sea, having for their N. Magamanoc Bay. limit Mindoro, E. Panay and part of Negros, MINING (mee-ning'), ver.; hamlet in Pampanga, Cagayan grp. forming S. line, Sulu Sea proper Luzon, 9 m. NW. of Bacolor. lying to S., and N. Palawan and Calamianes grp. to W.; Cuyos and surrounding groups MININLAY (mee-nin-lie'); islet sq. m. S. of Bu- occupy about center of this sea. Tlalácáo I., 3 m. off E. coast of Calamián, Cala- mianes grp., between Paragua (Palawan) and MINDUG (meen-doog'), nat.; river in Misamis, Mindoro. Mindanao, flows E. and empties into sea in MINIS (mee'-niss), ver., northernmost of group lat. 8° 24' N., lon. 125° 27' 29' E. of islands off NW. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A., MINGAO (meeng-ah-oh), ver.; town in Iloilo, 1 m, in extent, low and flat. Panay. - small island in Sulu grp., Sulu A., 7 m. N. MINGLANILLA (min-glah-nee'-lyah), Sp.; pueblo of Sulu I. on E. coast of Cebú, 8 m. SW. of Cebú, in cen MINNING (min-ning'), ver.; hamlet of Nueva Viz- ter of bay formed between Lipata and Tinaán caya, Luzón, on road between Ibung and Pts., 6 m. WSW. Pop., 6,310. Bagabag. a Telegraph. 672 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MINO (mee'-noh), Sp.; island off NE. coast of Bo- | MINUSUANG (mee-noo-swang'), ver.; river in hol, in channel between that island and Cebú. N. Leyte. MINOC (mee-nock'), ver.; island NE. of Bohol I. MIOGA (mee-oh-gah), ver.; mountain in central (See Lapinig I.) range, S. Leyte, 7 m. SE. of Baybay, on W. MINOLI (mee-noh-lee), ver., river in Nueva Viz- coast. caya, Luzón. (See Anir or Minoli.) MINOLO (mee-noh-loh), ver.; point 2 m. W. of MIPANGUIL (mee-pahn-geel'), nat.; river empty- Puerto Galera, N. coast of Mindoro, covered ing into terminal basin of Panguil Bay from with trees, with anchorage on E. side, shore W., in Misamis, Mindanao. Hamlet of Baca- being steep. ran is on r. bank of main stream, near its MINSON (meen-sohn'), ver.; inland hamlet on l. source. bank of important stream emptying into Macajalar Bay on SE. shore 73 m. above Ta- MIRA DE VIGAN (mee'-rah day vee'-gun), Hisp.; goloan, at its mouth, and 12 m. E. by N. of mountain in Ilocos Sur, Luzón. Cagayan de Misamis, Mindanao. MIRIGIL (mee-ree-hill'), ver.; point on SW. coast - port on E. coast gulf of Lagonoy, Albay, of Mindoro, forming E. head to Palúan Bay, Luzón, lat. 13° 40' N. lat. 13° 20' N. MINTAG (meen-tahg'), nat.; point inner head W. - cove on E. shore of Palúan Bay, NW. coast side entrance to Cataíngan port, SE. coast of Mindoro. Masbate I., Visayas. MINTINGOAN (min-tin-goh'-ahn), nat.; exposed - river entering cove of same name on E. rock near SW. shore of Lúbang I., between shore of Palúan Bay, NW. coast of Mindoro. Naguiancó and Sabán Pts. - point E. head to Palúan Bay, NW. coast of MINULÚAN (mee-noo-loo -ahn), ver.; pueblo of Mindoro. Negros Occidental, on E. shore of Guimarás Strait, 5 m. N. of Bacolod and 25 m. across | MIRO (meel-roh), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of Cau- strait N. of Iloilo, Panay. Pop., 11,338. ayan, Ilocos Sur, Luzón, lat. 17° 23' 30" N. MISAMIS, MINDANAO, PROVINCE OF. (Mee-sah'-mis, ver.) Capital: Cagayan de Misamis, lat. 8° 11' N., lon. 124° 41' E., approximately. Area: Mainland, 5,764 sq. m.; dependent islands, 115 sq. m.; total, 5,879 sq. m. Population: 126,942. Race and language: Visayan and Malay-Moro, speaking corrupt Spanish and 15 dialects. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. m. 145 C O L . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . 87 Table of distances. From Misamis to- Cebú.... Dumaguete ........................ Manila.... Manila, via Iligan Bay, Sulu Sea, Mindoro Strait, and China Sea. Surigao.. Zamboanga.... Zamboanga, via Sulu Sea... 493 569 162 148 142 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Misamis lies in the center of the N. shore of Mindanao between Diuata and Balato Pts., 115 m. It is bounded on the N. by Mindoro Sea, on th E. by Surigao, on the S. by territory formerly within this province S. of the eighth parallel of latitude, and on the W. by other portions of the same territory. The boundaries include the Filipino and not the Moro population. AREA. It is 70 m. from N. to S. along its E. and 131 m. along its S. boundaries. Area, 3,406 sq. m.; dependent islands, 115 sq. m.; total, 3,521 sq. m., nearly 3 times the size of Rhode Island and about 1,200 sq. m. larger than Delaware. PHYSICAL FEATURES. In the E. portion from Diuata Pt. to the S. extends the central E. range, the most important summits of which are the Diuata, Palampad, and Quitanlag, which obtain elevations of upward of 5,000 ft. On the W. boundary extends another of the main ranges with a summit of 5,427 ft. Mt. Malindang, 8,560 ft. high, lies 12 m. NW. of Misamis. The province has a number of rivers emptying into the Maca- jalar and Iligan bays on the N. The Grande or Pulangui Riv. rises in the NE. part of this province and crosses into Cotabato. Lake Lanao extends over the S. border within these limits. No. 4643 LUZ PHILIPPINE IS: Vani are at low water NE ISLANDS PORICOS ILI GAN Not aounded-pentty Μ River Bhids 17 hods For small vessels - Mor sounded A Ι Jimenez I. Church cupon B Ν A From en Y Whita house D A Α nor Ν GLOD TREASURY DEPARTMENT Α Ack boy Ο PHILIPPINE ISLANDS MINDANAO, NORTH COAST PORT JIMENEZ ILIGAN BAY Scale 1960 From a sketch survey by officers of the US Navy in 1902 Soundings in fathoms Approximate Position Tabu Point Lat 8°17'10" N Long 123°48 00 E of Gr. chorage in 6ta 10 ms Churcupola 300Z 69 All roots will be outlined by the breakers if there is any suss. The res show a bright yellow in the sunlight, and are very definitely marked by the color. If there are no buoys or other marks on the reefs, it is necessary to have a bright light in order to enter with Safety unless familiar with the place verton Nautical Mile Yards londe PHOTOTHO до о Mincdatis Survey OHET Spring Sanlaut 1.1501 Purt Jimenet No. 4643 S Doc 28.0 57 1 MITIMINT UNITED STATES SIGNAL CORPS TELEGRAPH AND CABLE OFFICE, ILIGAN. TRENCHING SHORE END OF CABLE, MISAMIS. MINDANAO, JANUARY 7, 1901. CARABAOS GRAZING. POINT SIPACA AND ISLAND OF LAPINIG, NORTH COAST OF MISAMIS. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 673 CLIMATE. The climate of Misamis oscillates between 76° and 90° F. The region is free from baguíos (cyclones), although the adjoining province of Surigao is frequently swept by them. BAYS AND HARBORS. The N. shore of the province is indented by 3 bays. In the extreme NE., between Sipaca and Diuata Pts., the latter separating it from Butúan Bay in Suri- gao, is a bay 17 m. between heads and 13 m. inland, with anchorage in 24 and 31 fms. Iligan; in the W. part of the province, 37 m. between heads and 23 m. inland, is an arm of the sea, open to the N. and clear of danger. Macajalar; the central of the 3 N. bays, 20 m. between heads, opening to the NW., 10 m. inland. The center is deep. Panguil; 20 m. long and 1 to 21 m. wide. An inlet in the SW. angle of Iligan Bay, included between Binuni and Tabu Pts., which form an entrance to the harbor of Misamis. On the W. shore of this inlet is Mt. Grande Malindang, 8,560 ft. On the S. side of the port are 3 hills, the highest 2,312 ft. The anchor- ages range from 45 fms. in the entrance to 8 fms, in the inlet. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The intercourse between towns on the coast is almost entirely by native craft. Those inland are reached by river or trail. There are no good roads of any extent. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The estimated population of Misamis is 126,942, and the language of its people Visayan-Cebuano, Montés, and Malay-Moro. The division of Misamis into pueblos, and their respective population according to the census of 1887, is as follows: Total population combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, 1887. Province and pueblos. Men Women. Total. 571 1,617 1,280 2,515 3, 221 2,094 1,878 1, 701 1,321 835 845 737 1,550 610 2, 396 1,820 3,150 542 1,442 1, 269 2, 433 3, 405 2,005 1,910 1, 634 1, 239 864 859 735 1, 487 582 2,350 1, 791 2,840 789 2,683 2,108 1, 256 2,032 4, 257 Misamis: Agusán. Alorán. Alubijid Balingasag Cagayán... Catarman Dapitan.. Dipolog ..... Gingoog ...... Guinsilibán Gusá....... Haya .... Iligan. Initao .... Iponan...... Jasaan........... Jiménez ......... ... Lagonlong Langaran.............. Loculan.. Lubungan....... Maginog .. Mambajao.. Maria Cristina Misamis Malugan .... Naanan ....... Oroquieta ... Quinuguitán Sagay Salay Salvador Santa Ana Tagoloan. Talisayan.... Total. 829 1,113 3,059 2,549 4,948 6,626 4,099 3,788 8, 355 2, 560 1,699 704 1,472 3,087 1, 252 4,746 3, 611 5,990 1,618 5, 661 4. 873 2,565 4, 173 8, 737 138 3,944 1,170 1,200 7,374 1, 415 3,154 1, 635 3, 293 2,242 5,791 2,392 2,978 65 2,265 1, 309 2,141 4, 480 73 1,989 594 647 3,773 751 1,578 888 1,688 1,075 2,914 1,262 1,955 576 553 3,601 664 1,576 747 1,605 1,167 2,877 1,130 58, 935 56,528 115, 463 Estimated, 1901, 126,942. S. Doc. 280— 43 674 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. mgasas of cas 11,491: shore uption. Popa VE. There are 44 towns and about 100 villages. Of the towns the following are the most important: Cagayan de Misamis; the capital of the province, on the banks of the river of the same name, near its mouth, 22 m. from the sea, on the S. shore of Macajalar Bay. Its public and private buildings are well constructed. Pop., with village of Gusá, 9,405. Alorán; on the N. shore of Iligan Bay, 22 m. N. of Misamis. Pop., 2,700. Alubijid; on the point between Macajalar and Iligan bays, 56 m. NE. of Misamis. Pop., 6,716. Baliangao; on the extreme NW. shore of Iligan Bay and near the present bound- ary, 55 m. NNW. of Misamis. Pop., 2,061. Balingasag; on the E. shore of Macajalar Bay, 81 m. NE. of Misamis, surrounded by the villages of Casulag, Canal, San Roque, Rosario, Lagonlong, and Concepción, with a population of 11,491. Catarman; on the SW. shore of Camiguín I., 100 m. N. of Misamis. It was destroyed in 1871 by volcanic eruption. In 1875 this volcano was still active. It still smokes and shows signs of activity. Pop., 4,874. Gingoog; at the head of the E. bay, 109 m. NE. of Misamis. Pop., 1,433. Ad- joining are the hamlets of Medina, Minlagas, Oduyugan, Linugus, San Juan, Con- suelo, San Roque, and Asturias. Iligan; on the bay of the same name, 34 m. E. of Misamis. Pop., 6,020. Initao; on the NÈ. shore of Iligan Bay, 41 m. NE. of Misamis. Pop., 1,252 (in 1887). Iponan; on the SW. angle of Macajalar Bay, 59 m. NE. of Misamis. Pop., 5,588. Jasaan; on the E. shore of Macajalar Bay, 74 m. ENE. of Misamis. Pop., 9,444. Jiménez; on the SW. shore of Iligan Bay, 15 m. N. of Misamis, with which it is connected by telephone, and also with Oroquieta, 15 m. farther N. Pop., 8,707. Langaran; on the NW. shore of Iligan Bay, 33 m. N. of Misamis. Pop., 11,779. Mahinoc; on the E. shore of Camiguín I., with an anchorage of 9 fms., 98 m. NE. of Misamis. Pop., 4,687. Malucu; on the 1. bank of the river emptying into Macajalar Bay, 75 m. NE. of Misamis. Malugan; on the SW. shore of Macajalar Bay, 56 m. NE. of Misamis. Mambajao; pop., 18,000. Manella; on the W. shore of Iligan Bay, 26 m. N. of Misamis. Manticao; on the E. shore of Iligan Bay, 36 m. NE. of Misamis. Misamis; the former capital, on the W. shore of Panguil Bay, with a land-locked anchorage suitable for vessels of all sizes, which can moor close to shore. The town on the N. side of the port occupies a tongue of land cut by a canal, which empties N. of the fort. Pop., 6,075. Naanán; on the E. shore of Iligan Bay, 38 m. NE. of Misamis. Opol; on the SW. shore of Macajalar Bay, 59 m. NE. of Misamis. Oroquieta; on the W. shore of Iligan Bay, 30 m. N. of Misamis. Pop., 9,000. Portolín; on the W. shore of the E. bay, 99 m. NE. of Misamis. Sagay; on the S. point of Camiguín I., with an anchorage of 53 fms, 92 m. NE. of Misamis. Pop., 1898, 5,066. Sagay or Salay; on the E. shore of Macajalar Bay, 84 m. NE. of Misamis. Pop., 1,816. Salvador; pop., in 1887, 3,923. Santa Ana; near the r. bank of a river entering into the SE. angle of Macajalar Bay, 84 m. NE. of Misâmis. Pop., 881. Silipon; at the headwaters of a river emptying into Macajalar Bay, 72 m. E. of Misamis. Sumilao; near the headwaters of the river emptying into the SE, angle of Maca- jalar Bay, 72 m. E. of Misamis. Pop., 2,061. Taglimao; near the S. shore of Macajalar Bay, 56 m. NE. of Misamis. Tagoloan; a military station on the E. shore of Macajalar Bay, on the N. coast, 75 m. ENE. of Misamis. Pop., 3,378. Talisayan; on the extreme point of the peninsula, which divides the E. and Macajalar bays, 96 m. NE. of Misamis. Pop., 5,877.Adjoining are the hamlets of Balinguan, Quinuguitan, Santa Inés, San Miguel, and Portolín. Tudela; W. of the entrance to Panguil Bay, 8 m. N. of Misamis. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 675 DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The following islands are adjacent to the coast of Misamis: sq. m. Bantigui; 5 m. off the E. coast of Camiguin I Camiguín; 61 m. NW. of Bagacay Pt., 14 m. NW. and SE., and 9 m. NE. to SW.: it is very moun- tainous, having 7 peaks, the highest of which is 5,338 ft. and visible 69 m. at sea; on the NW.. 3 m. E. of the town and anchorage of Catarman, rises a double peak 4,797 ft. high; the island produces rice, tobacco, wax, and cacao in abundance; Mambajao on the N. coast, Catarman on the W. coast, Sagay on the SW., and Maginoc are the towns; after the outburst of the volcano in 1871 the population, which then numbered 11,000, abandoned the island. Pop., 24, 122, mostly engaged in agriculture and fishing; abacá (hemp) is the chief product; area .. .. 113 Canauayor; E. of Sipaca Pt....... Lapinag; between Bagacay and Gorda Pts. on the N. coast; the island is mountainous and very picturesque from the sea ... Sipaca; off the point of that name, formed by a conical mountain... Five dependent islands; area.......... .... 115 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The staples of agriculture are hemp, chocolate, coffee, cotton, sugar cane, rice, tobacco, corn, sweet potatoes of several varieties. MINERALS. The mineral deposits of this province include gold, coal, sulphur, copper, and platinum. FORESTS. Among the valuable woods are molave, manconi or ironwood, bamboo, teak, and other woods valuable for naval construction and building purposes. Gums and resinous trees grow in abundance. FRUITS. Bananas, mangosteens, and pineapples are the principal fruits. Cocoanuts grow in abundance. INDUSTRIES. Manufacture of fabrics for home consumption in dress and sacks for packing purposes. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. On April 1, 1900, the territory of Misamis was occupied by United States military forces without opposition. On February 15, 1902, Misamis was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Alorán, Jiménez, Iligan, Misamis.be CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Misamis was created under the provincial-government act” by act of the P. C., May 15, 1901, to embrace “that territory in the island of Mindanao, beginning at a point I m. W. of the W. boundary of the barrio of Naboras on Balato Pt., on Murciélagos Bay, N. coast of Mindanao; thence running due S. to the 8th parallel of latitude; thence E. on the 8th parallel of latitude to the boundary as established under Spanish sovereignty between the comandancia of Butúan and the former province of Misamis; thence N. on said boundary to Diuata Pt.; thence fol- lowing the N. coast line of Mindanao to the point of beginning, and including therein the island of Camiguín and small adjacent islands, to be known as the province of Misamis.” On the S. of the 8th parallel of latitude dwells the large population in the vicinity of Lake Lanao. a Telephone. • Telegraph. Post and money order office. 676 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States currency.] Governor .. $1,700 Secretary .... 1, 200 Treasurer.. 2, 300 Supervisor.. 1,800 Fiscal ..... ................... 1, 440 Allowance for necessary and actual expenses, not exceeding $2.50 per day as pre- scribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet and organize on the third Monday in April and October to consider improvements needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. The provision of the enabling act of the province of Surigao affecting the pagan tribes apply equally to this province. CONDITIONS. ically, althull, with a poween the, and we bay Iligan, twhich Cag “Geographically, although not officially, the province is divided into two parts by the deep bay of Panguil, with a population of Moros, from Iligan to Misamis; offi- cial or private communications between the two parts of the province are rare and difficult, as it is impossible to pass by land, and we have no boats large enough to to make such a long and dangerous trip by sea. From Iligan to Gingoog, includ- ing the island of Camiguín, that is to say, in the E. region, in which Cagayán, the capital, is situated, the perfect tranquility of normal times is enjoyed, rarely inter- rupted by some evil deed on the part of the Moros of the Laguna de Lanao, in the neighborhood of Iligan exclusively, as has been their practice in all times.” (Report of the provincial governor of Misamis, December, 1901.) MISAMIS (mee-sah'-miss), ver.: pueblo, p. o., and MOBANEN, or MONTERO (moh-bah'-nen, ver.: m. o. of Misamis, Mindanao, lat. 8° 8' 25'' N., mon-tay'-roh, Sp.); island 33 m. N. and S., in lon. 123° 50' 18" E., on NW. shore of Panguil SE. approach to Aletas de Tiburón or Shark's Bay. Surrounding country generally low, Fin Bay, off E. coast of N. Paragua, Palawan. soil fertile, and considerable agricultural in- MOBÁRY (moh-bah'-ree), ver.; island off coast of dustry in neighborhood. Anchorage is on W. Panay shore, between point of fort and Pulut Pt., 1 m, to SW. Completely sheltered from sea. MOBÔ (moh-beau'), ver.; pueblo of Masbate I., on 1. bank of mouth of river emptying into sea Vessels can lie along shore and put out a plank in front of town in 27 ft. of water. 31 m. SE. of Masbate. Pop., 1,896. Pop., 6,075 inhabitants, divided into old and - river flowing W. and emptying into chan- new town, 220 yds, apart and united by bridge. nel formed by island of Dalupiri or Puerco - inlet and port on NW. shore of long, nar- (so called on account of number of wild hogs), row channel trending to SW. from Iligan off extreme NW. coast of Sámar, lat. 12° 29' N., Bay and known as Panguil Bay. Sides of lon. 127° 55' 30'' E. port are low and covered by mangroves. - bay on NE. coast of Masbate, forming Town of Misamis lies on N. shore of inlet. headland on W. MISANGÁ (mee-sang-ah'). ver.: islet of Bachi MOCABARI (moh-cah-bah'-ree), ver.; hamlet in cluster of Batanes grp., off N. coast of Ca Sorsogon, Luzón, lat. 12° 49' 30'' N. gayán, Luzón, between Y'Ami on N. and - point on E. caost of Sorsogon, Luzón, near Mabudis on S. hamlet of same name. MISERICORDIA (me-say-ree-cor'-dee-ah), Sp.; MOCAÚLAY (moh-cah-oo'-lie), ver.; hamlet on E. town in valley of Agusan, Surigao, Minda shore of Dumanquilas Bay, 88 m. ENE. of nao, 9 m. S. by W. of Butuan. Zamboanga, Mindanao. MISIBIS (mee-seel-bis), ver.; point in NE. Albay, MOCPOC (mock-pock'), nat.; pueblo in Marindu- Luzón. que, on bank of river near sea on NW. coast. MITALAGIB (me-tah-lah-hib'), nat.; pueblo in (See Mogpoc.) Misamis, Mindanao. MODÁUN (moh-dah'-oon), ver.; river entering on MITBIT (meat-beat'), ver., cluster of islets, off N. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao. NE coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., MOELMOEL (moh-el-moh-el'), ver., point on W. between Paragua (Palawan) and Mindoro, coast of Samar, in pueblo of Catarman. 64 m. SE. by E. of Caluit Pt. MOGAPÂ (moh-gah-pah'), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, MITRA (mee'-trah), Sp.; peak, 5,786 ft. high, in Panay, 24 m. NW. of Janiuay. Caraballos Occidentales, Lepanto, Luzón. MOGPOC (mohg-powk'), ver.; pueblo on NW. - peak, 285 ft. high, NW. shore of Pagbilao coast of Marinduque I. Lies on small river Grande, S. shore of Tayabas, Luzón. entering sea at that point. Pop., 5,214. MITRAMTA (mee-tram-tah), ver.; peak, 285 ft. MOISÉS (moy-says), Sp.; mountain in Gran high, on Pagbilao Grande I., in bay of Taya- Cordillera Oriental, Isabela, Luzón, near bas, off S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. coast, inland from Dimalansan port, 4,209 MITRE, for.; islet, N. side of Cadlao I., affording ft. high and conspicuous mark for navigators good anchorage, NW. coast of Paragua, Pala on this part of coast. wan. (See Cadlao I.) peak 4,276 ft. high in Sierra Madre, Luzón. MIUT (mute), ver.; hamlet at mouth of river on MOJÓN (moh-hohn'), Sp.; hamlet on extreme S. NW. shore of Sarangani Bay, S. coast of Dá- vao, Mindanao, 747 m. SSW. of Dávao. (See coast of Negros Oriental, 4 m. NE. of Siaton. Mutul.) -- mountain in NW. Sámar. NOALBOAL (moh-ahl-boh-ahl'), nat.; pueblo on - village on road to Misamis, 1 m. S. of Locu- W. coast of Cebu, 42 m. sw. of Cebu. (See lan, W. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Min- Mualbual.) danao. HELPINE ISLAN NORTH COAST OF MINDANAO PORT MISAMIS in Spaniak w in 156 S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 677 33 49 36 1935 1936 Mam Murcielagos Islets Balones de 92 108 82 82 39 39 VARIATION... NEARLY ( 16 E. (1900) ...STATIONARY 36 GP . Kipit (or Galera) NORTHWEST COAST MURCIELAGOS ISLETS The larger islet, Lal8 074 N. Long 122 26 37'E. Nautical Miles 678 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. KOKO (moh -koh), ver.; small bay 2 m. E. of MONTE, DEL, or SANTO TOMÁS (dayl mohn'-tay, Bakun Pt., on N. shore of Tawi Tawi I., sahn-toh toh-mass'), Sp.; point on NW. coast Sulu A. of Mindoro, 51 m. W. by N. of Calapán, 46 m. MOLAUEN (moh-lah'-wayn), Tag.; point on Lake SSW. from Jamilo Pt., S. headland of Manila Taal, Batangas, Luzón, lat. 13° 52' 40" N. Bay; 23 m. SW. from Santiago C., Batangas, Luzón. MOLAVE (moh-lah'-vay), Hisp.; river in Cavite, Luzón, taking its rise in pueblo of Santa MONTERO (mohn-tay'-roh), Sp.; island E. of May- Cruz, flowing N. and emptying into bay of tiaquid I., off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Bacoor, SSW. of Cavite. (See Mobanen.) MOLBOC (moll-bock'), ver.; point in Cebú. MONTES DE SAN MATEO (mohn'-tess day sahn MOLEOTO (moh-lay-oh'-toh), ver.; riyer entering mah-tay'-oh), Sp.; secondary mountain sys- on NW. coast of Port Usón, on S. coast of tem in E. Bulacản, Luzon. Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., between Para MONTIN-ILOG (mohn-teen-ee'-lohg), Tag.; river gua (Palawan) and Mindoro. in Laguna, Luzón, flowing N., then E., unites MOLINGAN (moh-ling'-ahn), ver.; mountain in its waters with Lusacan or Calaboso Riv. Grand Cordillera Central, in NW. corner of MONTINTÚBIG (mohn-teen-too'-big), Tag.; river Isabela, Luzón. rising on S. slopes of Batulao Mt. and uniting MOLINO (moh-lee'-noh), Sp.; hamlet in Cavite, its waters with Calumpan, empties into Ba- Luzón, 11 m. S. of Cavite. layán Bay on SW. coast of Batangas, Luzón. MOLO (moh'-loh), ver.; pueblo near shore of MONTÚFAR (mohn-tool-far), Sp.; town and point Iloilo Strait, in s. Iloilo, Panay, 14 m. W. of on NE. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón, S. of S. head- Iloilo. Pop., 9,547. land to Albay Bay. MOLOCONAN (moh-loh-coh'-nahn), ver.; point, MONTUGAN (mohn-tool-gahn), ver.; S. point of E. hamlet, and river 3, m. N. on SW. coast of entrance to gulf of Albay, 9, m. N. of Gúbat, Negros Oriental, point 9 m, and hamlet and Sorsogon, Luzón. river 6 m. S. of Tolón. MONTUYO (mohn-too'-yoh), ver.; river in Negros MOLOVOLO (moh-loh-voh-loh), yer.; hamlet in Oriental, emptying into sea 2 m. NW. of Sia- pueblo of Boljo-on, Cebú. ton Pt., SW. coast. MOLUGAN (moh-loo'-gahn), ver.; hamlet in Misa- MONUANGON (moh-nwang'-ohn), nat.; creek mis, Mindanao. emptying on extreme SE. shore of Panguil MOLUGUN (moh-loo'-goon), ver.; pueblo in Misa Bay, sw. end of Misamis port, Misamis, Min- mis, Mindanao. Pop., 1,014, danao. MOMBÓN (mohm-bohn'), nat.; island surrounded MOOLIGI, or MULIGI (moh-oh-lee'-hee, moo-lee'. by rocks in pueblo of Guiuan, on SE. coast of hee), ver.; 2 islets, highest 410 ft., 8 m, off Sámar. SW. shore of Cagayán Sulu grp., Sulu Sea. MOMPOG (mohm-pohg'), ver.; one of Aniboyas MORANON (moh-rah'-nohn), nat.; river entering Is., off S. coast of Tayabas, Luzon, near Tu- extreme S. shore of Libás port, E. coast of guian Pt., on latter shore. Sámar. - passage between Pt. Tuguián (Luzon) and MORELLA (moh-ray'-lyah), Sp.; pueblo a few m. Mompog I., E. of N. end of Marinduque. inland from W. shore of Davao Gulf, 31 m. MONCADA (mon-cah'-dah), Sp.; pueblo in Tarlac, W. of Dávao, Davao, Mindanao. Luzón, 18 m. from Tárlac. Pop., 7,601. MORIONES (moh-ree-oh-nays), Sp.; pueblo in - bay on E. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Tárlac, Luzón, 3 m. from Tarlac. Pop., 1,289. Mindanao. MORO (moh'-roh), Sp.; low island covered with MONCAYO (mon-cah'-yoh), Sp.; town at junc trees 50 to 65 ft. above water in Port Isabela tion of important tributary on r. shore of channel, Basilan I., Sulu A.; visible 7 m. Agusán Riv., 69 m. S. by E. of Butúan, Suri- gao, Mindanao. MOROBARA (moh-roh-bah'-rah), ver.; small MONDEO, or MAYABANO (mon-day'-oh, mah-yah- stream and hamlet on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 4 m. N. of Colasi. bah'-noh), ver.; river draining S. central cone of Negros into sea on extreme SE. coast, 14 m. MORON (moh-rohn'), Sp.; pueblo on seashore in SW. of Zamboanguita, Negros Oriental. Bataan, Luzón, 28 m. W. of Balanga. Pop., 2,622. MONDIVIN (mohn-dee'-vin), ver.; mountain in pueblo of Palompon, Leyte. - hamlet in Laguna, Luzón. Foundry for casting iron cannon ball for the Spanish was MONDRAGÓN (mohn-drah-gohn'); pueblo on N. established at this place. coast of Sámar, 53 m. NNW. of Catbalogan. Pop., 1,556. - mountain in Nueva Ecija and in part MONGALAO (mohn-gah-lah'-oh), ver.; islands in forming boundary with Pangasinan, Luzón. Calamianes grp., off NE. coast of Paragua, MÓRONG (moh'-rong), Tag.; pueblo and capital Palawan. of Rizal, formerly Mórong, Luzon, on N. shore of central of 3 large indentations which MONGOS-MONGOS (mohn-gos-mohn'-gos), Hisp.; Laguna de Bay makes to N., 19 m. ESE. of island W. of Luzón. Manila. Although one of smallest in area MONJA, LA (lah mohn -hah), Sp.; island N. side province is one of most enterprising and pro- of entrance to Manila Bay, W. of Corregidor ductive. Pop., 9,430. and S. off S. coast of Bataan, Luzón. MOROPORO (moh-raw-poh'-raw), ver.; point on MONK and FRIAR, for.; island 2, m. N. of Du- W. coast of Sámar, 8 m. NW. of Catbalogan. marán, off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, with barren rock 60 ft. high, about 1 m. SSW. MORRO, or PIAPI (moh-rraw', Sp.; pee-ah'-pee, MONLOGBOC (mohn-log-bock'), ver.; mountain ver.); point on Pacific coast of Luzón, in La- in Zambales, Luzón. guna, near its N. boundary. MONSERRAT (mohn-say-rraht'), Sp.; town on E. MORSOOM, for.; prominent headland 37 m. NE. of shore of Davao Gull, Davao, Mindanao, 48% Bluff Pt., W. coast of Paragua, Palawan, near m. SE. by S. of Davao and in S. extreme of S. boundary; fine stream enters sea N. of this SE. peninsula of Mindanao. head; ranges inland reach height of 5,000 ft. - mountain in Ilocos Sur, Luzón. MOSIQUIT (moh-see-kit'), ver.; stream emptying -- mountain in SW. Leyte. into sea 3 m. NW. of Siaton Pt., SW. coast of MONTALBÁN (mohn-tal-bahn'), Sp.; pueblo in Negros Oriental, Rizal, Luzón, 16 m. NE. of Manila. Pop., 3,055. MOTO (moh'-toh), ver.; hamlet in central Con- Possesses extensive quarries of fine marble, cepción, Iloilo, Panay, 39 m. W. of San Dio- which have been worked since 1888. nisio. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 679 FUGA I. tsy MUSA BAY Captain George Baker 1759. Sp.rise 6 n. Shoal rep 1900 8Se FUGA 1. 20 72 12 OF 8 25 10 Landina 17 17 17 15 107 12 8 Place 8 16 5 18 heng 30 girons * 8 10 e 9 14 BARI T. TU 9 20 Ripple 22 6 9 20 22 Scale Cables 2 I Sea Mile 680 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MOUNT AIRY, for.; double-top summit at foot of | MUNTINLUPA, or MUNTINGLUPA (moon-tin-loo' Mt. Peel, 3,600 ft. high, and overlooking Fish pah, moon-ting-loo'-pah) (small land), Tag.; Bay, W. coast of N. Palawan. This summit pueblo in Rizal, Luzón, on W. shore of La- stands on parallel 10°, N. boundary line be- guna de Bay, 9 m. SE. of Manila. Pop., 5,068. tween Paragua and S. or Moro Palawan. MUQUID (moo-kid'), ver.; river in Bohol, Visayas. MOUNT DONGAL (dohng-ahl'), nat.; point NE. by MURAYAS (moo-rah'-yas), ver.; hamlet near 1. E. of San Antonio (Rocky) Bay, SE. coast of bank of Iligan Riv., 31 m. above its outlet Palawan. into Iligan Bay, Misamis, Mindanao. MUAL (mwahl); inlet in Sámar. MURCIA (moor'-thee-ah), Sp.; pueblo of Negros MUALBUAL, or MOALBOAL (mwahl-bwahl', Occidental, near headwaters of Lagasan Riv., moh-ahl-boh-ahl'), ver.; pueblo on S. side of 81 m. E. of Sumag, 8 m. SE. of Bacolod. Pop., inland end of peninsula which separates it 8,000. and its bay from Alcántara and its bay, 2 m. - town in Tárlac, Luzón, 6m. S. of Tarlac, N., on W. coast of Cebú, 42 m. SW. of Cebú. near Manila R. R. Pop., Cn. 1887, 2,316. Pop., 9,509. MUALÓN (mwah-lohn'), ver.; hamlet 3. m. NE. MURCIÉLAGOS, or CABUGAN (moor-thee-ay'-lah- of Loón, W. coast of Bohol. gohs, cah-boo'-gahn), Sp.; consisting of Cabu- gan and 10 smaller islets WSW. of Balato MUAT (mwaht), ver.; mountain in Daram I., off Pt., at NE. entrance to Murciélagos Bay, N. W. coast of Sámar. coast Dapitan, Mindanao. MUBU (moo'-boo), ver.; point N. of Sulu I., Sulu - cluster of small islands, 3 m. N. from Kipit A.; celebrated for remarkable tree (ficus) Pt., NW. coast of Mindanao, between Sindan- used as landmark for Sulu roadstead, and gan Pt. and Gorda head. Low; largest, east- associated with native history and supersti- ernmost, about m. in length. Channel be- tion; native fair is held around tree once a tween them and Kipit Pt. is deep and clear. week; also fine spring on beach, water bub- bling up in strong stream between high and - bay opening between Bombón Pt. on E. low water mark into sort of rocky basin over and Silla on W.,11 m. on N. coast of Misamis, hung by gnarled branches of large ficus. Mindanao. On W. coast, S. of Silla Pt., are 3 islets. Anchorage near river enters E. angle MUCÁBOG (moo-cah-bog), ver.; point on extreme of bay, elsewhere no bottom at 45 fms. E. coast of Negros Occidental, 1 m. N. of Es- MURIGODÓN (mooh-ree-goh-dawn'), ver.; point calante, and 7 m. SW. of Bitô Pt. - island 2 m. long, 3 m. NE. of Panagsagón, on SW. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), extreme NE. point of Negros Occidental; has Luzón, lat. 12° 52' 30" N. several islets and rocks W. of it. MUSA (moo'-sah), Sp.; bay formed between W. MUDA (moo'-dah), Sp.; island on Dumanquilas end of Fuga I. and 2 small adjacent islands, Bari and Mabac. Babuyanes Is. into bay Bay, S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. is from S. between Bari and W. point of Fuga MUGEN (mooh'-hen), ver.; hamlet in central Cor- from direction of town of Musa. Bay, al- dilleras of Abra, Luzón. though sheltered from sea, resorted to only MUGÓ (moo-goh'), ver.; tableland NW. of pue in case of necessity on account of its coral blo of Gapán, Nueva Ecija, Luzón. bottom. Best anchorage near NE. side of MUJAI (moo'-bi), nat.: point on NW. coast of Bari I. May 3, 1899, U. S. S. Concord, during Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay. N. cruise, anchored in this bay for 2 days. MUJUBA (moo-hoo-bah), nat.; islet off W. coast days. Musa Bay is one of cruising ports of Unted States Navy among these outlying of Sámar, N. of Buad I., lat. 11° 42' 20" N. groups of American possessions in N. waters of MÚLAG (moo'-lahg), ver.; mineral spring in Cebú. P. A. U. S. S. Yorktown, in January, 1901, MULANAY, or BENDO (moo-lah-ni', ben'-doh). anchored in this bay between Mabac and Tag.; pueblo 6 m. s. of Catanauan, on SW. Bari Is., in heavy northeaster and found shore of Tayabas, Luzón. Anchorage is in anchorage insecure. bight ESE. of Ajus Pt. River enters sea at - town in Babuyanes grp., on S. shore of Fuga bottom of bight with town of Mulanay, or I., of considerable local importance and cruis- Bendo, on its 1. bank. Pop., 325. ing station for United States fleet during MULID (moo-lid'), ver.; hamlet on S. headwater visits to these waters. Pop., 200. (See Fuga I. branch of Malinannang Riv., W. Cápiz, Panay, and Musa Bay.) 14 m. SE. of Jamindao. MUSINLOG (moo-sin-lohg'), nat.; river in Zam- MULIGI (moo-lee'-hee), ver.; 2 s. islands of boanga, Mindanao, emptying on SE. coast. Cagayán Sulu grp., S. 410 and N. 232 ft. above sea; S., larger, is m. long and , m. wide; lie MUSNÁN (moos-nahn'), ver.; mountain in Misa- 8 m. to S. of Tan Jong, Tavo Tavo, with clear mis, Mindanao. channel 5 m. between and 121 m. S. of Lapun MUSO (moo'-soh), nat.; town on SW. shore of Lapun anchorage; uninhabited but resorted Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A., S. of Sisipan Pt. to by natives for fish. (Also Muleegi.) MUTIÁS (moo-tee-ass'), Tag.; hamlet in N. cen- MULITA (moo-lee'-tah), Sp.; river in Mindanao. tral Nueva Ecija, Luzon, on headwaters of MUMBARI (moom-bah'-ree), ver.; river in An- E. tributary of Chico de la Pampanga Riv., 27 tique, Panay, flowing W. and emptying into m. N. of San Isidro. sea on W. coast. MUTILAG (moo-tee-lahg'), nat.; village on 1. bank MÚNAY (moo'-ni), ver.; hamlet 2 m. inland from of N. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cota- S. shore of Iligan Bay, 48, m. SW. of Cagayán bato, Mindanao. de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. MUTIONG (moo-tee-ong'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo MUNGABON (moon-gah'-bohn), ver.; mountain of Paranas, Sámar, lat. 11° 46' 40" N. in W. Sámar, 4 m. N. of Paranas. MUNGAJUN (moohn-gah'-hoon), nat.; mountain MÚTUL (moo-tool), ver.: hamlet near mouth of stream entering Sarangani Bay, extreme NW. in Sámar, lat. 11° 54' 30" N. shore, Dávao, Mindanao, 119 m. S. by W. MUNGLÁN (moon-glahn'), nat.; mountain in of Davao. Volcano of Matutum lies 22 m. Unión, Luzón, E. of Lucsin. N. by E. of town and can be seen from great MUNGLAO (moon-glah'-oh), nat.; hamlet in Abra, distance. Mútul anchorage is in angle of bay Luzón. N. of town. Communication between Mútul MUNGUÍA (moon-geel-ah), ver.; pueblo in Bon- and Bulúan Lake across mountains in Cota- toe, Luzon. bato occupies 2 and 3 days. MUÑOZ (moo-nyoth'), Sp.; town in Nueva Ecija, MUTUNGAG (moo-toong-ag'); crater in NW. Luzón. Leyte, 2 m. NW. of San Isidro. MUNTINGTÚBIG (moon-ting-too-big), Tag.; ham- | MUYO (moo'-yoh), nat.; district included in let in pueblo of Ibaan, Batangas, Luzón. pueblo of Gapán, Nueva Ecija, Luzón. 239 14 YALUKLUK CHANNEL 216 23 263 W 10 20 O RABAO MA Nahreel Tatlatan Baluchy 333MENOR XORTILHAS DASAL MURCIELAGOS BAY 3 . T husvin 1897 end as die 12 JESE GUNSTIGES GARIS PETERS CO PHOTOTHO WASHINGTON DC S Doc 2.80 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 681 NAANAN (ne h-ah-nahn'), ver.; pueblo on E. shore | NABUA-Continued. of Iligan Bay, at mouth of river, 45 m. W. of vening country is flat with rice fields on both Cagayan de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. sides, intersected by several small streams, NABAGBAGÀ (nah-bahg-bah-gah'), nat.; point at whose waters, pouring down the E. hills, extreme SW. end of Lugbung I., W. of Rom- form lake which empties into Bicol Riy. blón I., Visayas. Pop. 17,789. NABALÁS (nah-bah-lass'). nat.: hamlet on NE. NABUALAN (nah-bwah-lahn'), nat.: hamlet in coast of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay. Abra, Luzón. NABALIUAN (nah-bah-lee-oo'-ahn), ver.; branch | NABUBUSOG (nah-boo-boo-sog'), nat.; mountain of Malisbug Riy., Negros Occidental, empty- in Sámar. ing into Guimarás Strait 2 m. N. of Silay. NABUDÚON (nah-boo-doo'-ohn), ver., stream en- NABALOAN (nah-bah-loh'-ahn), nat.; hamlet on tering sea on SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 5 m. W. coast of Antique, Panay, 3 m. NW. of Salde. SW. of San Joaquín. NABALOTO (nah-bah-law'-toh), nat.; hamlet in NABUGAT (nah-boo-gat'), ver.; island of me- dium height in Semerara grp., 1 m. NE. of central Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. NE. of Lemery. Semerara, in channel between latter and Libagao, to NE. 11 m. SE. of Buruncan Pt., NABÁNOC (nah-bah'-nock). ver.; point on W. Mindoro. coast of large bay on S. coast of Leyte, 1 m. NABUGTÚ (nah-boog-too'), ver.; islet 5 m, off NE. of Mérida. SW. shore of Masbate I., Visayas. NABAO (nah-bah'-oh), 'Tag.; river in Bulacan, NABULAO (nah-boo-lah-oh), ver.; river in S. part Luzon, discharging on N. coast of Manila Bay. of Negros Occidental. NABÁOY (nah-bah'-oy), ver.; river in Cápiz, Pa- nay, entering sea on extreme NW. shore, 1. NABULÚAN (nah-boo-lool-ahn), ver.; river in m. W. of Malay. Mindoro. NABASAN (nah-bah'-sahn), ver.; point in Zam- NABUNUT, or LUTUNG, or LULUGBAN (nah-boo- bales, Luzón. noot', loo-toong', loo-loog'-bahn), nat.; island 1 m. long, 100 ft. high, 3) m. E. of Bulacaue, NABATA (nah-bah-tah), ver.; river and hamlet extreme NE. point of Concepción, noilo, Pa- at its mouth, on S. coast of Antique, Panay, 10 nay, 4 m. N. of Pan de Azúcar, surrounded m. W. of Pandán. by rocks. NABATÁS (nah-bah-tass'), ver.; point and hamlet NABURAOBURAO (nah-boo-rah-oh-boo-rah'-oh). on W. coast of Sámar, on Daram channel, 8 ver.; hamlet on E. coast of Sámar, 3 m. NW. m. SW. of Villareal. of Lanang NABAYA (nah-bah'-yah), ver.; hamlet in Antique, NABUROS (nah-boo-ross), nat.; island 1 m, long Panay, on 1. bank of Paliuan Riv., 5 m. NE at entrance to Casul Bay, SE, inlet of Murcie. of Bugason. lagos Bay, N. coast of Dapitan, Mindanao, is NABBUANGAN (nahb-bwang'-ahn), ver.; river in high with 3 peaks, one in N. 295 ft. high; hay. Luzón. ing name of island. NABELIA (nah-bay'-lyah), yer.; hamlet on r. of NABURUT (nah-boo-root'), nat.; off NW. coast of NW. branch of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., sw. Pan de Azúcar I., NE. coast of Noílo, Panay. Sámar. NABUTAS (nah-boot-tas), nat.; river in Mindoro, NABÍLOG (nah-beel-lohg), nat., island, 1 sq. m., emptying into sea on N. coast. near W. coast of Masbate, Visayas, lat. 12° 28' N. NACABÁN (nah-cah-bahn'), Tag.; point in W. Ba- NABINCALÁN (nah-bin-cah-lahn'), ver.; river ris toán, Luzon. ing in central range of Negros, empties into NACBÁTAL (nac-bah'-tahl), yer.; hamlet in N. sea at Guadalupe on NE. coast of Negros Oe- Sámar, inland 94 m. S. of Pambujan. cidental, 71 m. S. of Calatrava. NACLÓN (nah-clohn'); ver.; mountain in Cebu. NABIRINAYA (nah-bee-ree-nah'-yah), Tag.; point on NW. shore of Taal Bay, Batangas, Luzón. NACODA (nah-koh'-dah), ver.; island 200 ft. high in bight of coast between Hummock Pt. and NABOCLOT (nah-boh-cloht'), nat.; mountain in Albion Head, off Tagbayug Bay, W. coast of Camarines, Luzón. Palawan. NABOLISAG (nah-boh-lee-sag'), ver.; mountain - cove on W.coast of Moro Palawan, formed 4 m. NE. of Paranas, in W. Sámar. by Mariquit, Nacoda, and Sirinao Is., en- NABORÁS (nah-boh-rass'), ver.; town at sea end trance between Nacoda and Sirinao Is., m. of small peninsula which forms N. shore of NACODA, or MACODA. (See Manglar.) inlet on SE. angle of Murciélagos Bay, N. NACOL (nah-coll'), ver.; hamlet at head waters of coast of Misamis, Mindanao, 11 m. E. of Dapi- Ulut Riv., in S. central Samar. tan. NACOPOL (nah-coh-pohl'), nat.; point on NE. NABOTAS (nah-boh'-tass), nat.; river in Mindoro, shore of Laguán I., and W. head to Laguán on its shores settlement of Manguián, re channel, NE. coast of Sámar, Visayas. ported by party of explorers, showed excep- NACURAN (nah-cool-rahn), ver.; mountain in tional conditions. 12 native houses of which Panay, it consisted were built in a semicircle with larger one in center, used by headmen as NADÚLAO (nah-doo-lah-oh), ver.; island 11 m. NW. to SE. and 2 detached islets in mid-chan- council house and place of festivity. nel of Guimarás Strait, 3) m. off Pandán Pt., - hamlet in pueblo of Tambobon, Rizal, Negros Occidental, on E., and 4 m. off Guima- Luzón, on river of same name. rás I. on W NABUA (nah'-bwah). ver.: pueblo on r. bank of NAGA (nah'-gah), nat.; hamlet in Sw. Sámar, on Buhí Riy., Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, N. shore of San Juanico Strait near its E. out- on main road 21 m. SE. of Nueva Cáceres, 1 let in San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 5 m, W. hour's ride over good road from Batú. Inter of Basey. 682 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. NAGA; pueblo on E. coast of Cebú, 12 m. SW. of NAGAPU-Continued. Cebú. Steam vessels and coasting craft, using Riv., lies in SW. spur of Gran Cordillera Cen- S. passage to Cebú, make Naga point of en- tral at N. end of boundary between Abra and trance and departure. Pop., 10,926. Ilocos Sur and its intersection with S. bound- - river in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. ary of Ilocos Norte. During its course it receives 3 names. Rises NAGARAO (nah-gah-rah'-aw), nat.; islet SW. of in mountains of Albay within 4 m. of Pacific Masbate I., Visayas, 7 m. off shore. seacoast in SE., and within 2 m. of headwa- - islet SE. of Panay. ters of stream entering into Albay Gulf, at Albay, capital. After gathering several NAGAS (nah'-gas), ver.; point on E. coast of Dá- branches, pursues NW. course of about 25 m. vao, Mindanao, S. of Pujada Bay. in straight line, until it empties into Bato - town in Albay, Luzón. Lake on boundary between Albay and Ambos NAGASUMBAOCAN(nah-gah-soom-bah-oh'-cahn), Camarines (Sur). Over this part of its course nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Magsingal, Ilocos it is known as Inaya Riv., and on its banks Sur, Luzón. are several large towns. Broad current which carries volume of waters of Bató Lake toward NAGAVICAGAN (nah-gah-vee-cah'-gahn), nat.; sea, receives name Bicol (Vícol) Riv., as it point near Cape Bojeador, NW. coast of Ilocos enters Ambos Camarines (Sur), and continues Norte, Luzón. as far as Nueva Cáceres, distance of 25 m. in NAGBANGEDAN (nahg-bahn-hay'-dahn), ver.; straight line NW. During this part of its hamlet in pueblo of Bangued, Abra, Luzón, course it receives several important tributa- SE. of town in mountain of same name. ries from E., and on its banks are several im- - mountain in pueblo of Bangued, Abra, portant towns. This part of its course is navi- Luzón. gable for craft of considerable size. From NAGBUBÚRAC (nahg-boo-boo'-rahc), nat.; river Nueva Cáceres, provincial capital, river re- ceives name Naga. Vessels 150 to 200 tons in Sámar, flowing ENE. and emptying into can ascend it as far as Nueva Cáceres, distance sea on E. coast, in pueblo of Sulat. of 10 m. in direct line. About midway in its NAGBUDASAN (nah-boo-dah'-sahn), Tag.; point course, which is generally NW. and then NE., in Batangas, Luzón. to sea it makes a sweep in shape of horseshoe NAGBUGBUT (nag-boog-boot'), ver.; islet at en- of 6 m. and less than 1 m. between upper and trance to Inunukan Bay, 3 m. off W. coast of lower heels. On lower half Polanluna con- Masbate, Visayas. tributes drainage of great valley which em- braces entire NW. part of province, except NAGBUT (nag-boot'), ver.; 2 islets 8 m. S. of sum- narrow fringe on seaward shores NE. and mit of Ginatúan I. and 5 m. N. of Mindanao, SW. River has its outlet on S. shore of San in E. opening of channel between N. main- Miguel Bay. land of Mindanao and Dinagat I. NAGCABÁN (nag-cah-bahn'), nat.; point on SE. point in W. Albay. shore of Súbig Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, - river in Cebú. Luzón, - river and summit, 160 ft. high, S. shore of - sunimit, 282 ft., on SE. shore of Súbic Bay, Loog Bay, SE. arm of Nin Bay, W. coast of SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. Masbate, Visayas. NAGCARLÁN (nag-car-lahn'), Tag.; pueblo in cen- - affluent of Chico de la Pampanga Riv., in tral Laguna, Luzón, between head waters of NE. Pampanga, Luzón. Santa Cruz Riv. (E.) and San Diego (W.), 11 m. - point on E. coast of Romblon I., Visayas. S. of Santa Cruz. Pop., 12,976. NAGA, or NUEVA CÁCERES (nah'-gah, nway'. NAGCURÁLANG (nag-coo-rah'-lang), nat.; hamlet vah cah'-thay-race), nat.; pueblo and p.o. in in pueblo of Paoay, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. Ambos Camarines (Sur), on Bicol Riv. Called NAGCURÚBANG (nag-co-rool-bang), ver., moun- Nueva Cáceres in honor of Captain-General tain in Antique, Panay, 4 m. SE. of Dao. D. Francisco de Sande, native of Cáceres, | NAGHILO (nahg-heel-loh), nat.; point E. shore who founded Naga, 1578, near Indian village. Formerly Naga was principal town in whole Laguimanoc Bay, S. coast Tayabas, Luzón. district of Luzón, E. of Tayabas, and on ac NAGLABO (nah-glah'-boh), nat.; river in Bohol. count of its population was divided into N.and NAGLAGBONG (nah-glahg-bong'), ver.; mineral S. Camarines and Albay. Region is inhabited spring in Albay, Luzón. by Vicol Indians, entirely distinct in speech and customs from the Tagals on W. and Visa- NAGLEGBENG (nah -gleg - beng'); stalactite yans on islands S. and E. Vícols are only springs NE. of Malinao Mt., near Tibi. There found in this district and near-by islands. exist masses of silicia of infinite variety of Pop., Cn. 1887, 9,251. form, shallow cones with cylindrical summits, pyramidal flights of steps, round basins with NAGABA (nah-gah'-bah), nat.; small cluster of ribbed margins, and ponds of boiling, but islets forming chain of 8, close to Tagonito mineral waters. Issue of water deposits and Pt., and extending 44 m. WNW. and ESE. S. formations are most remarkable, and known islet, Amagadpagat, lies nearly in middle of as the white and red cones. In vicinity of sili- channel between coast of Mindanao and S. ceous springs are deposits of white, yellow, point of Bucas I., off NE. coast of Surigao, red, and bluish-gray clays overlaying in Mindanao. strata like variegated marl, products of disin- - pueblo on island of Guimarás, on W. coast tegrated volcanic work. opposite Iloilo, Panay, on strait of that name NAGLÓN (nah-glohn'), ver.; point in S. Leyte. at this point 1 m. wide. By act P. C. July 22, 1902, upon application of municipal council, NAGO (nah'-goh), ver.; point on SE. coast of name changed to Jordan. Pop., 8,000. Romblon I., Visayas. NAGOS (nah'-gos), ver.; point on N. part of NAGABARAN (nah-gah-bah'-rahn), ver.; town of Guiuan Pen., forming small bay in extreme Abra, Luzón, in foothills of SW. of Gran Cor- SE. of Sámar. dillera Central. NAGOSTÁN (nah-gos-tahn'), ver.; hamlet on NE. NAGANAGA (nah-gah-nah'-gah), nat., peak 1,300 coast of Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. NW. of Navas. ft. high, 3 m. SW. of Tacloban, NE. coast of | NAGOULIAT (nago-oo-lee-yat'), ver.; extinct vol- Leyte. cano, 4,678 ft. high, in Bataan, Luzón, lat. 14° - river entering Panalarum Bay on its S. 31' N., lon. 120° 26' E. (Also Mariveles.) shore, San Juanico Strait, NE. coast of Leyte. NAGPABUHAN (nahg-pah-booh'-hahn): port on NAGAPU (nah-gah'-poo), nat.; mountain in ex NE. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, in bay of Ginha- treme s. part of Ilocos Norte, Luzon, whose linan, on NW. shore of Ragay Gulf, near Piris springs feed S. tributaries of Grande de Laoag Bay. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 683 NAGPARTÍAN (nag-par-teel-ahn), ver.; pueblo on coast road in extreme SW. part of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, 21 m. N. of Laoag. Pop., 1,985. NAGREBEAN (nah-gray-bay'-ahn),ver.; hamlet in pueblo of Balaoan (Baláuang), Unión, Luzón. NAGSABARAN (nag-sah-bah'-rahn), ver.; river emptyinginto sea on NW.coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón. -- hamlet in pueblo of Pasuquin, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. NAGSINGCAUÁN (nag-sing-cah-wahn') nat.; ham- let in pueblo of Cabugao, Ilocos Sur, Luzon. NAGSIPING (nag-seel-ping), nat.; pueblo of Ca- gayán, Luzón, on r. bank of Grande de Ca- gayán Riv. and opposite mouth of Chico de Cagayán Riv., 27m. N. of Tuguegarao. Pop., 1,923. (Also Nassiping.) NAGSULAN (nag-soo'-lahn), ver.; hamlet of Con- cepción, Iloilo, Panay, 11 m. NE. of Lemery. NAGTA (nag-tah'). ver.; hamlet on l. bank of Sa- lug Riy., Dávao, Mindanao, 42 m. NNE. of Dávao. NAGTACÁN (nag-tah-cahn'), nat.; hamlet on N. shore of outlet of Tigón Riv. into Iloilo Strait, 2 m. N. of Iloilo, Panay. NAGTAGUG (nag-tah-goog'), ver.; mountain in Cebú. NAGTANGLÁN (nahg-tan-glahn'), ver.; mineral spring in Pozorrubio, Pangasinan, Luzón. NAGTAO (nag-tah'-aw), ver.; point at NE. pro- jection of Panglao I., separated from main- land of Bohol by narrow sea channel, 1 m. wide. NAGTIG (nag-tig!). ver.: island off N. coast of Ca- piz, Panay, 3 m. NW. of Pirara Pt. - point in Panay, NAGTUYÓ (nahg-too-yoh'); river in Bataan, Lu- zón, tributary to Santa Rita. NAGUANG (nah-gwang'), ver.; mountain in Leyte, on W. side of Bao Riv., 10 m. E. of Palompon, NAGUBAN (nah-goo'-bahn), ver.; island S. of Masbate I., Visayas. NAGÚBAT (nah-good-bat), nat.; 2 rocky islets, 9. m. S. of Guntúan I., between NE. mainland of Surigao, Mindanao, and that island. flat islet of Semerara Is., 103 m. SE. by E. off Buruncan Pt., SE. coast of Mindoro. Channels between it and Libagao and Se- merara are deep. NAGUIANCO (nah-gee-ahn-coh'), nat.; point on NW. shore of Lubang I., S. of Palápag Pt., where coast lakes trend to SE. Exposed cluster of rocks lies off point. Islet also lies near shore about halfway to Sisuntam Pt. NAGUIBA (nah-gee-bah), nat.; point on NE. coast of Mindoro, 8 m. SE. of Calapán Pt. NAGUILIAN (nah-gee-lee'-ahn), ver.; pueblo on S. side of Bauang (Baoang) Riv., 4 m. above its mouth in Unión, Luzon. Pop., 10,405. -town in Isabela, Luzon. Pop., 2,172. - pueblo in Unión, Luzón. NAGUIONCA (nah-gee-on'-cah), yer.; point near NW. extreme of Lubang I., China Sea, NW. of Mindoro. NAGUMBUAYAN (nah-goom-boo-ah'-yahn), ver.; point in SE. Catanduanes I., NÉ. of Albay, Luzon. NAGURAN (nah-gool-rahn), ver.; island in N. waters of gulf of Asid, 6 m. S. off Bato Pt., Masbate I., Visayas. NAGUYAN (nah-goo'-yahn), ver.; hamlet in Ca- vite, Luzón, 16% m. S. of Cavite, on Biñang. of Cavite. on Biñang. Silang road. NAHUAN (nah-hoo'-ahn), nat.; island 282 ft. high S. of Tandubatu I., off E. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., mark for Nochebuena chan- nel. NAHUAN; island in Tambilunga channel, sepa- rated from Taruc I. on W. by channel 6 to 33 ft. deep, off NE. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. NAIG, or NAIC (nah'-eeg, nah'-eec), Tag.; pueblo in Cavite, Luzon, at junction of bay shore road and Indang and other extensions, 16 m. SW. of Cavite. Pop., 9,215. - river in Cavite, Luzón, rising in Cordillera which divides that province from Batangas, flows NNW., passing S. of pueblo of same name, emptying into bay of Manila on NW. coast of province. NA ILOG, or SILLA HENDIDA (nah-ee'-log, nat.; seel-lyah ayn-dee'-dah, Sp.); mountain in Sibuyan I., Romblon grp., Visayan Is. - hamlet on N. coast of Sibuyan I., Romblon grp., Visayas. - point and river in Sibuyan I., Romblon grp., Visayan Is. NAILON (ni-lawn'), ver.; stream entering sea on SE. coast of Cebú, 2 m. SW. of Oslob. - point in Cebú. (Also Najalin.) - point in Panay. mountain in Cebu. NAILONG (ni-long'), nat.; hamlet on SE. shore of bay on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 2 m. NW. of Ivisan. NAINDÁIN (nah-in-dah'-in), ver.; point on sw. shore of Masbate I., Visayas. NAISOG (nah-ee-sog'), ver.; NW. point of Cápiz, Panay; wooded bluff, 718 ft. high, with Pucia Pt., S., most salient marks of approach. Pro- montory forming this part of coast of Panay rises to 1,857 ft. NAISOT (ni-sot'), ver.; creek and village in Panay. NAISUG (ni-soog'), ver.; hamlet on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. SE. of Ibajay. NAJANLOT (nah-hahn-loht'); river emptying on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay. NAJIBIL (nah-hee-bill'), nat.; point forming S. head to Libás port from Pacific Ocean, E. coast of Sámar. NALASÍN (nah-lah-sin'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Magsingal, Ilocos Sur, Luzon. -- hamlet in pueblo of Pasuquin, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. -- hamlet in pueblo of Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Lu- zón. NALATAS (nah-lah'-tahs), ver.; town in W. Sámar. NALAÚT, or GREEN (nah-lah-oot'), ver.; island, 242 ft. high, westernmost of Calamianes grp.; Nalaút E., 144 ft. high, 3 m. ENE., off w. coast of Busuanga, Calamianes grp., between Paragua (Palawan) and Mindoro, 8 and 5 m., respectively, E. off Corón, chief city of Bu- suanga I. First is covered with trees and visible 15 m. NALBÁ (nahl-bah'), nat.; lake in pueblo of Na- macpacan, Unión, Luzón. NALBÓ (nahl-boh'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Magsingal, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. -hamlet in pueblo of Namacpacan, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. NALBOGAN (nahl-boh'-gahn), ver.; hamlet on Agno Riv. road, 6 m. S. of Lingayen, in Pan- gasinan, Luzon. NALBÚ (nahl-boo'), nat.; bay on coast of Ilocos Sur, Luzón, lat. 17° 17' 30" N. NALIBOS (nah-leel-boss), ver.; island SE. of Panay. NALIBUNAN (nah-lee-boo-nahn), ver.; hamlet on E. coast of Leyte, and mouth of river same name, adjoining Abuyog on SE. NALONDÁN (nah-lawn-dahn'). ver.: hamlet on N. shore of Tolón Bay, 2 m. W. of Bayauan, SW. coast of Negros Oriental. 684 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. NALUMPISAN (nah-loom-peel-sahn), Tag.; river in Cavite, Luzón, rising in mountains form- ing boundary with Batangas, unites with Caitambo Riy. NALUNGA (nah-loon-gah'), nat.; island off coast of Panay. NALUPA (nah-loo'-pah), ver.; hamlet in E. cen- tral IloiloPanay, in mountain range of boundary with Cápiz, 37 m. N. by W. of Calinog. NALUPA NUEVO, SAN ANTONIO DE (sahn ahn- toh'-nyoh day nah-loo'-pah nway'-voh), Hisp.; pueblo near mouth of river on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 28 m. N. of San José de Buenavista. Pop. 2,972. - island off W. coast of Antique, Panay, lat. 11° 36' N. NAMAGPACÁN (nah-mag-pah-cahn'), ver.; pueblo on coast highway, Unión, Luzón, 17 m. N. of San Fernando. Pop. 8,630. In vicinity are hamlets Caballito, Oaqui, Cantoria, and Puerto de Dariga yos. (Also Namacpacán.) - inlet on coast of Unión, Luzón. point in pueblo of same name, Unión, Luzón. NAMAGUÍA (nah-mah-gee'-ah), nat.; river rising in pueblo of Santiago, Ilocos Sur, Luzón, and emptying on W. coast. NAMALPALAN (nah-mahl-pah-lahn), nat.; ham- let in pueblo of Magsingal, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. NAMAMBAFUÍ (nah-mam-bah-fooy'), ver.; moun- tain in SW. Isabela, Luzón. NAMANUCO (nah-mah-noo'-coh), ver.; S. point of Cobton Bay, E. coast of Bohol I. -- mountain in Bohol, inland from point of same name on E. coast. - hamlet on point of that name, SE. coast of Cobton Bay, E. coast of Bohol. NAMARÁBAR (nah-mah-rah-bar), ver.; moun- tain in pueblo of Bangued, E. of town, in Abra, Luzón. NAMÁTEC (nah-mah'-teck), ver.; hamlet in Le- panto, Luzón, 19 m. from Cervantes. Pop., 265. NAMATIAN (nah-mah-tee'-ahn), ver.; islet in gulf of Asid, 6 m. SW. of Malbug Pt., W. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. NAMBLI (nam'-blee), ver.; hamlet on 1. bank of Pulangui Riv. in Cotabato, Mindanao, 15 m. N. of Liguasan Lake. NAMBOONGAN (nahm-boh-ohn'-gahn), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Santo Tomás, Unión, Luzón. NAMILPIT (nah-mill-pit), ver.; hamlet in Le- panto, Luzón, 9 m. from Cervantes. Pop., 605. NAMILUGEN (nah-me-lo0º-hen), ver.; mountain in pueblo of Tayum, Abra, Luzón. NAMPICÚAN (nahm-pee-cool-ahn), Tag.; pueblo of Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 34 m. from San Isidro. Pop., 3,241. NAMULUGPÚLUG (nah-moo-loog-pool-loog), ver.; extreme NW. point of Bacuit I., Port Usón, at W. extreme to Port Dipulao on S. coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., between Paragua (Palawan) and Mindoro. NANCA (nahn-cah'), nat.; point at E. head of Balucbujan Bay, S. shore of Murciélagos Bay, N. coast of Dapitan, Mindanao. - lake formed by San Mateo Riv., Rizal, Luzón, situated parallel to Ampit Riv. and marks boundaries between pueblos of San Mateo and Mariquina. NANG (nahng), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. SE. of Lucena and midway between main Jalaur and its Janipaan tributary. NANGÁ (nahn-gah'), ver.; 2 small wooded islets 2 sq. m. off Calamianes grp., between Paragua (Palawan) and Mindoro, 81 m. NNE. of Coco- nongón Pt., W. coast of Busuanga I., in NANGA-Continued. W. waters of Mindoro Strait. 15 m. ESE. of North Rock, about 1, m. to NNE., is black rock above water. Largest of Nangas is 344 ft. high. - point on W. coast of Zamboanga, Minda- nao, between Cáuit and Batu Tandoc Pts., distance of 10% m. Coast presents varied scene of verdured hills and cultivated val- leys, with numerous houses. Hamlet of this name is near point. NANGABA (nahn-gah'-bah), ver.; chain of 8 islets from 1 to 2 m. off Tagonito Pt., NE. coast of Sámar, extending 4. m. WNW. and ESE.; Alineacadao to W. and Amagadpagat to E. largest, latter lying nearly in middle of chan- nel between Bucas I. and off NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. NANGALAO (nang-ah-lah'-oh), ver.; northern- most of Cabulaun Is., Mindoro Sea, S. by W. of Mindoro and E. of NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan, 41 m. NE. of Cabulaun, 2 m. in length, and rises to central hill 500 ft. high. Has small bay on S. shore and 3 islets off its SW. coast. NANGAN (nahng'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on W. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 31 m. N. of Zam- boanga. Small island lies immediately off coast, which is peculiarly picturesque in ver- dure and cultivation, with numerous houses. NANGAOÁ (nan-gah-wah), nat.; town in district of Quiangan, Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. NANGAYCAYAN (nang-i-cah'-yahn), nat.; moun- tain in pueblo of Bangued, Abra, Luzón. NANGEO (nahn-hay-oh), ver.; rapids in Túbay Riv., NW. Mindanao, midway between Siga and Suan tributaries. NANGI (nahng-ee'), nat.; town on NE. coast of Cagayán Sulu. Mt. Ledán, 1,105 ft. high, rises to SE. Another peak, about m. NE. is 1,000 ft. high. NANGTUD (nang-tood'), ver.; mountain 6,725 ft. high, in W. range of Panay, on line of bound- ary between Antique and Cápiz. Cadián Riv. takes its rise in this mountain. NANGÚAN (nang-00'-ahn), ver.; hamlet at head- waters of Maridago Riv., Cotabato, Mindanao. NANGUNA (nahng-oo-nah), nat.; hamlet 2 m. S. of Cabatuan, in Iloilo, Panay. NANKÁ (nahn-cah'), nat.; village, E. shore Siasi I., Sulu A. NANLAMPÁLAY (nan-lam-pah'-lie), ver.; point on extreme NE. land of Batán I., off E. shore of Albay, Luzon. NANOC (nah-nock'), ver.; hamlet on 1. bank of Maasin Riv., SW. Leyte, 6. m. NE. of Maasin. - point in N. Mindanao. NANOG (nah-nog'), ver.; point on extreme SE. end of Lubang I., 131 m. NNW of nearest NW. coast of Mindoro. NAN-PULÔ (nan-poo-law'), Tag.; point at S. head of Catanauan Bay, Tayabas, Luzón. NANU (nah'-noo), ver.; islet 9 m. NE. of Talibón, N. coast of Bohol. NANUDDALAN (nah-nood-dah'-lahn), ver.; cen- tral tributary forming Pamplona Riv., Caga- yán, Luzón, - mountain in Cagayán. NANUNGAN (nah-noong'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on extreme NW. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, at mouth of river emptying into Sulu Sea, 631 m. N. of Zamboanga. NANUNTUGAN (nah-noon-too'-gahn), ver.; island NE. of Sámar. NAOHAN(nah-oh-hahn),nat.; hamlet in Mindoro, on I. bank of river of same name, near NE. coast. NAOLOOLON (nah-oh-loh-aw-lawn),ver.; moun- tain in W. Leyte, 10 m. NE. of Ormoc. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 685 NAPÁCAO (nah-pah'-cow), nat.; point and ham-| NARIZ (nah-rith') (means nose), Sp.; point on let on extreme SE. end of Bohol, on E. side SE. coast of Moro Palawan, 11 m. SW. of of bay leading up to Guindulman, 4 m. NW. Pescado Pt. Camiguin I., off N. coast of Misamis, Min- NARO (nah'-roh). ver.; hamlet in pueblo of danao, lies 33 m. SE. of this point, across sea Paranas, near mouth of river and inlet of channel. same name, on E. coast of Masbate I., NAPALISAN (nah-pah-lee'-sahn), nat.; islet off Visayas, 21 m. SE. of Masbate. SW. coast of Sámar. - bay on NE. coast of Masbate I., Visayas, NAPALUNGAN (nah-pah-loong'-ahn), ver.; point sheltered by chain of islands extending into in Buad I., W. of Sámar. channel NW. toward Ticao I., Masbate grp., NAPANIPA (nah-pah-nee'-pah), nat.; point and Visayas, Tabunan headland separates its ereek to SE., on narrow channel on SW. shore entrance from that of Usón on W. of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. NARO CHICO (nah'-roh cheel-coh), Hisp.; islet8m. NAPARAÁN-SA-DÚLANG (nah-pah-rah-ahn'-sah- W. of Naindain Pt., W. coast of Masbate I., doo'-lung), nat.; mountain in Samar. Visayas. NAPASET (nah-pah-set'), ver.; hamlet in pueblo NARO GRANDE (nah'-roh grahn'-day), Hisp.; of Balaoan (Baláuang), Ilocos Sur, Luzón. island bearing 6 m. sw. of Vigia Mt., SW. NAPAYAUAN (nah-pah-yah'-wahn), ver,; islet shore of Masbate I., Visayas. 1 m. off Urutat Pt., Inurukan Bay, W. shore NAROSODAN (nah-raw-saw'-dahn), ver.; moun- of Masbate I., Visayas. tain about center of pueblo of Bangui, Ilocos - hamlet at mouth of river on W. shore of Norte, Luzón. Masbate I., Visayas. NARRA (nah'-rrah), Sp.; small island on W. side of Lingayen Gulf, between Cabarruyan and NAPÍDAD (nah-pee'-dad), nat.; mountain in Santiago Is., in Zambales, Luzón. Small is- pueblo of Bangui, E., of town, Ilocos Norte, land lies between it and mainland. Luzon. NARVACÁN (nar-vah-cahn'), ver.; pueblo on high NAPINDÁN (nah-pin-dahn), Tag.; village on l. road, 13 m. SE. of Vigan, in Ilocos Sur, Luzón. bank of Pasig Riv., near outlet of Laguna de Pop., 16,500. Bay, Rizal, Luzon. NARVAEZ (nar-vah'-ayth), Sp.; hamlet on NE. NAPIRÉS(nah-pee-rays'),ver.; hamletin N.Sámar, coast of Negros Occidental, 4. m. SE. of Ar- 7 m. SE. of Mondragón. guelles. NAPNAP (nahp-nahp'), nat., river S. shore of NASIPAN (nah-see'-pahn), nat.; point on SW. Loog Bay, SE. arm of Nin Bay, W. coast of shore of Murciélagos Bay, Dapitan, Mindanao, Masbate, Visayas. NASIPIL (nah-see-pill), ver.; small stream NAPNOD (nap-nod'), ver.; hamlet on Iloilo Strait, emptying into sea 84 m. NW. of Siaton Pt., Iloilo, Panay, 4 m. N. of Iloilo. Negros Oriental. NAPO (nah'-poh), nat.; pueblo on NE. coast of NASÍPIT (nah-see'-pit); S. branch of river rising Marinduque. (See Santa Cruz de Napo.) in E. slopes of Cordillera Central of Cebu and - river rising in E. slopes of mountain divide entering sea 1) m. NE. of Cárcar, on E. coast, 19 of Bohol, flows E., passing Candijay, and en- m. SSW. of Cebu. ters extensive bay on E. coast. - hamlet in pueblo of Butúan, Surigao, Min- - hamlet near N. shore of Sámar, 2 m. S. of danao, on SE. shore of small' inlet in sw. Palápag. angle of Butúan Bay, 9. m. SSE. of Diuata - point on China Sea coast of Zambales, Pt., 30 m. NW. of Butúan. Luzón. -port, lat. 8° 57' N., lon. 125° 15' E., in Sw. NAPOCGLOJÁN (nah-pohk-gloh-han'), nat.; islet angle of Butúan Bay, 98 m. SSE. of Diuata off SW. coast of Sámar, lat. 11° 50' N. Pt., Surigao, Mindanao. NAPRAPON (nah-prah'-pohn), ver.; hamlet in NASNÍ (nah-neeh'), nat.: hamlet on banks of Iloilo, Panay, 1 m. S. of Córdoba. river in Sorsogon, Luzon, lat. 12° 58' 30" N. NAPUDUT(nah-poo-doot'), ver.; mineral spring in NASO (nah'-saw), Sp.; extreme sw. point of Rosales, Nueva Ecija, Luzón. Panay. (See Siroan Pt.) NAPULA (nah-pool-lah), nat.; point on NE. NASOG (nah-sog'), nat.; point on NW. coast of shore of Lubang I., in China Sea, NW. of Panay. Mindoro, Luzón, on W. side of Ambil Passage. NASOKE (nah-soh'-kay), nat.; point on SW.shore of Lubang I., China Sea, NW. of Mindoro, NAPULUSAN (nah-poo-loo'-sahn), nat.; mountain inland NE. from Palabao Pt., Masbate 1.: forming SE. head of bight with Pinag- dagaian Pt. forms landmark for E. waters of gulf of Asid. NASU-AN (nah-soo-ahn'), net.; town in island of NARA (nah'-rah), ver.; S. point of Port Lebak, Mindoro. small inlet on sw. coast of Cotabato, Min- - hamlet in pueblo of Iligan, Misamis, Min- danao. danao. NARANJOS (nah-rahn-hos) (orange trees), Sp.; NASUBATA (nah-soo-bah'-tah), ver.; channel 47 islands in Visayan grp., 7m. SW. of coast of m. wide between Comiran and reefs to E., off Sorsogón, S. end of Luzon, on S. side of w. E. coast of Balábac I., Off SW. extreme of entrance to San Bernardino Strait, 6 in num. Moro Palawan. ber: San Andrés NW., Medio center, Escar- island 1 sq. m., 64 m. off E. coast of Balábac pada E., Rasa W., Dársena SW., Aguada I., off sw. extreme of Moro Palawan; of SE.; seventh island, Destacado, (detached), sandstone formation. lies 3 m. SE. of Aguada; also in channel between Sámar and Masbate; islands are of NASUDÚAN (nah-soo-doo'-ahn), nat.: N. of 4 moderate height and rocky. peaks inland from Broken Head, Ulugan Bay, W. coast of Palawan, NARAPIJAN (nah-rah-peel-han), ver.; peak in NASUGBÚ (nah-soog-boo'), Tag.; bay and an- Caraballos Occidentales, in Ilocos Norte, Luzon. chorage 5 m. S. of Fuego Pt., Batangas, Lu- zón. NARBAGÁN (nar-bah-gabn'), nat.; mountain in point on W. coast of Batangas, Luzón, Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón, lat. 16° 22' N. - pueblo of Batangas, Luzon, on W. coast and NARIGTUD (nah-rig-tood'), ver.; town in island r. bank of Lian Riv., 44 m. NW. of Batangas, of Panay. connected by highroad. Pop., 8,627. NARITON (nah-ree'-tohn), ver.; hamlet in An- NASUGUI (nah-soo-gee), ver.; point in Albay, tique, Panay, 2 m. E. of Barbaza. Luzon, N. of Bulán Riv. 686 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. NASUNOGAN (nah-soo-noh'-gahn), nat.; crater NAUJÁN-Continued. in extreme SE. Sámar, 11 m. SW. of Quina 6 m. receives several tributaries which rise in pundan. elevations S. and W. and empties through - inland hamlet of Cápiz, Panay, 4; m. N. sluggish outlet into Adlobang Riv. from of Balete. E. In event of sudden rise in Adlobang current instead of expending its surplus NATABAO (nah-tah-bah'-aw), ver.; stream enter- waters into sea sets back into lake. From its ing sea on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 2 m. shore lofty summit of Mt. Halcón, at dis- N. of Sebaste. tance of 204 m., rises in beautiful outline on NATABO (nah-tah'-boh), nat.; hamlet on bay, 5. clear sky, while often it is veiled in fleeting m. E. of Laguán, N. Sámar. mists. Shores of lake abound in several NATABTAB (nah-tahb-tahb'), Tag.; hamlet in strange birds, among them kaselees or snake pueblo of Hagonoy, Bulacan, Luzón. birds swimming in placid waters with only their heads and long wriggling necks show- NATANAGÚAN (nah-tah-nah-goo'- ahn), ver.; ing, their bodies completely submerged. Sur- point on mainland of Albay, Luzón, on W. face seemingly covered with reptiles, these side of W. entrance to Tabaco Bay. birds rise out of water, wing to great heights, NATIMBUNAN (nah-tim-boo-nahn), ver.; hamlet soaring in circles over lake, then suddenly on W. shore of Masbate I., Visayas, N. of drop again into the water, their second native Bagupaniao Pt. element. This lake also abounds in gallos de NATIVE, for.; point on SE. coast of Moro Pala- agua or water cock and great variety of wad- wan, 5 m. E. by N. of Flat I. ing species of feathered family which stand along its muddy banks like sentinels. An- NATIVIDAD (nah-tee-vee dad'), Sp.: hamlet in other variety of bird quick of wing and nim- Iloilo, Panay, SW. by W. of Barotac Viejo, ble of foot, also aquatic, makes its search for 1 m. food running over acres of broad leaves of NATO (nah'-tah), Sp.; hamlet near Siroan, ex- beautiful lotus near shore of lake, and upon treme SW. point of Antique, Panay, 2 m. E. alarm drops into water with only head barely of Anini-y. distinguishable above the surface among - river in pueblo of Rosario, Batangas, leaves. Singularly, this feathered species is Luzón. armed with spurs on wings. Several varieties of ducks are also abundant. Waters of Lake NATOC (nah-tock'), ver.; hamlet on N. coast of Nauján being almost stagnant become very Cápiz, Panay, 4, m. ESE. of Batán. warm from heat of sun during day and small NATUAGAN-ÁUANG(nah-twah'-gahn-ah'-wahng), radiation at night. It is also abundantly nat.; mountain in pueblo of Bangui, Ilocos supplied with sharks which, entering from Norte, Luzon, NE. of town. sea during rainy season, are unable to make NATUNTÚ (nah-toon-too'), nat.: island off NE. their way back over bars of Adlobang when coast of Sámar, lat. 12° 19' 56'' N. flood subsides. Crocodile also finds lake con- genial habitat. They are caught by natives, NATUNTUGAN (nah-toon-too'-gahn), ver.; islet each capture being occasion of feast. Tama- NE. coast of Sámar, 14 m. N. of Alibang- rao also abounds in surrounding region. bang Pt. Around lake are number of native shelters, NAUALAMPÁLAY, or NAUALAMPAY (nah-wah inhabitants gathering there for convenience lam-pah'-lie, nah-wah-lam-pie'), nat.; point of subsistence, but not visible, being hidden on NE. shore of Batán I., off E. coast of Albay, from view by thick undergrowth. Luzón. NAUJÓN (now-hawhn'); hamlet on W. coast of NÁUAY (nah'-wi), ver.; island SE. of Panay. Antique, Panay, 14 m. N. of Sebaste. NAÚBAY (nah-00/-by), ver.; S. branch of TonguipNAÚLI (nah-oo'-lee), Tag.; range of secondary Riv. in SE. Sámar, empties into Pacific Ocean mountains in Rizal, Luzón. 2 m. SE. of Lanang. NAÚLID (nah-o'-lid), nat.; hamlet on SE. coast NAUCO (now'-coh), ver.; point on SE. coast of of Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. NE. of Miagao. Bohol, 2 m. E. of Jagna. NAÚLING (nah-oo-ling), pat.; hamlet in Antique, - point on SW. shore of Masbate I., Visayas. Panay, 1 m. N. of Pandán. - hamlet on Sw. shore of Masbate I., Vi NAÚNAN (nah-oo-nahn), nat.; hamlet in pue- sayas, 39 m. from Masbate. blo of Misamis, Mindanao. NAUCUN (nah-00'-koon), ver.; river of Negros Oc NAUSANG (now-sang'), ver.; mountain in central cidental rising on N. tablelands of Llanura de Cápiz, Panay, 10 m. SW. of Jamindao. Cabadcangan, flows SW., falling into sea on NAVAL (nah-vahl'), Sp.: pueblo on W. coast of W. coast, 6 m. S. of Inayauan. Biliran I., on sea channel between it and NAUGÀ (nah-oo-gah'), nat.; cluster of 4 islands NW. coast of Leyte, and 46 m. NW. of Taclo- and few peaked rocks from 11 to 2 m., off SW. ban. Pop., 3,183. shore of Malubutglubut I., Linapacan chain, NAVALAS (nah-vah'-lahs), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Panay. NAUJÁN (now-hahn'), ver.: pueblo in NE. Min- NAVAS (nah'-vass), Sp.; pueblo of Cápiz, Panay, doro on l. bank of river of same name, 2 m. on NE. coast, 47 m. NW. of Cápiz. Pop., 5,257. above its mouth, 15 m. SE. of Calapan. Inter- NAVAS, LAS (lahs nah'-vass); town in Sámar. vening coast is low with beaches of sand and Pop., 2,830. thick wood, cut into by rivulets and estuaries | NAVASAN (nah-vah'-sun), nat.: point and N. which can only be entered at high water. head of Ilanín Bay, on SE. shore of Súbic Pop., 8,312. Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. - river discharging surplus water of lake of | NAVITAS (nah-veel-tass), Sp.; hamlet on w. that name and W. of Adlobang Riv., the coast of bighton N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 3; larger, also drainage of mountain spurs of N. m. N. of Pontevedra. central Mindoro, 12. m. SE. by S. of Halcón Mt. Trends to NE. coast where it falls into - bay on NE. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 6 m. sea. Can be entered by boats, mouth 1 cable NW. of Pilar. (720 ft.) wide and fronted by extensive bar | NATO (nah'-voh), ver.: bay off Masbate I., Vi- with from 3 to 12 ft. of water. Rivers to NW. sayas, with sheltered anchorage. of Nauján send out sand banks with less than | NAVOSÉN (nah-yoh-sayn'), ver.; hamlet in Le- 18 in. of water at 500 yds. off shore. espanto, Luzón, 8 m. WSW. of Cayán. Pop., 344. - anchorage and point in NE. Mindoro. NAVOTAS, SAN JOSÉ DE (sahn hoh-say' day nah- - lake 21 m. inland from NE. coast of Min voh'-tass), Tag.; pueblo 5 m. N. of Manila, in doro, 31 m. S. of town on E. branch of Nauján Rizal, Luzón, on small island on one of outlets Riv., and 17 m. SE. of Calapán. Lake 10 by of small river. Pop., 9,154. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 687 BUTUAN BAY AR 1.5 2013 con 36 42 36 36 25 8. 36 36 36 - IS 42 24 ...383 ant. M. 30 30 Jocpral shoal. 24 sft. M 36 3 .M 30 24 St.M 18 MINDANAO, NORTH COAST PORT NASIPIT Scale 16500 Reconnaissance by officers of the U.S.S.Leyte. Position (approx) Lat. 8° 57' N., Long. 125° 15' E. of Gr. Nautical Mile Kilometer U.S.Coast and Geodetic Survey, OH. Tittmann, Superintendent Manila Sub-Office, Advance Print, Sept. 1901 688 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. NAVOTAS, SAN JOSÉ DE; river in island of | NAZARET (nah-thah-rett'), Sp.; town on E. shore Mindoro. of Davao Gulf, in extreme s. of SE. penin- NAVULÚAN (nah-voo-loo'-ahn), ver.; river in sula of Dávao, Mindanao, 52 m. SSE. of Davao. Mindoro. NAZASA (nah-tha'-sah), ver.; anchorage and in- NAYA (nah'-yah), ver.; point of Romblon I., Vi let in S. Zambales, Luzón. sayas. - point on SW. coast of Zambales, Luzon. - NAYILON, or MAILON (nah-yee'-lawn, my-lohn), ver.; town on NE. coast of Cebú, 2 m. SE. of NEGRA (nay'-grah), Sp.; NW. point of peninsula Bogô Pt., 51 m. N. of Cebú. (Also Naylon.) of Cagayán, Luzón, on Pacific Ocean. NAYJAN (ni-hahn), ver.; hamlet on E. shore of - central of conspicuous headlands of May- Sorsogon port, Albay, Luzón. raira, NE. and Bojeador C., on coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, 6 m. SW., sighted by naviga- NAYLON (nigh'-lohn); point on NE. coast of tors heading S. from N. China, Japan, and Cebú, head of Bogô Harbor. (Also Nayilon.) Formosa, on w. side of Luzón, for Manila. Is NAYO GRANDE (nah'-yoh grahn'-day), Hisp.; one W. point of deep bay (Banguín) bearing 9 m. of the mouths of Grande de la Pampanga NE to Dialao Pt. Riv., into Manila Bay and S. end of boundary - point on extreme N. shore of NE. penin- between Bulacan and Pampanga, Luzón. sula of Cagayán, Luzon, and with Verde Pt., NAYON (nah'-yohn), nat.; river entering China on Palaui I., opposite, forming entrance head- Sea 1, m. N. of Santa Cruz, Zambales, Luzón. lands to sea channel between Palaui I. and NAYÚN (na h-yoon'), Tag.; river of Tayabas, Lu mainland. zón, emptying into sea 6 m. from Kolokonto - point on W. side of entrance to Silanga Bay. Mouth affords shelter for coasters. Bay, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan NEGROS, VISAYAS, ISLAND OF. (Nay'-grohs, Sp.) Capitals: Bacolod, lat. 10° 41' N., lon. 122° 56' E.; Dumaguete, lat. 9° 18' 30" N., lon. 123° 18' E. Area: Mainland, 4,839 sq. m.; 17 dependent islands, 15 sq. m.; total, 4,854 sq. m. Population: 372,010. Race: Negros Occidental, Visayans, Negritos in mountains; Negros Oriental, Visayans. Language: Visayan. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloílo, Panay LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. Negros, the fourth island in size in the P. A. (lat. 9° 4' to 11° 1' N., lon. 123° 34' to 122° 24' E.) occupies the SW. angle of the Visayan group, between Panay on NW. and Cebú on SE. The nearest point of Masbate I., on the N., lies 64 m. distant across an open stretch of sea channel (Visayan Sea), between a portion of Cebú on the E. and Panay on the W. On the E., almost its entire length, is Tañón Strait, 110 m., with Cebú forming the opposite shore at a distance from 3 to 25 m. On the SE., S., SW., and W. is the Sulú Sea, and on the W. for a distance of 80 m. Guimarás Strait, with the island of that name and Panay forming the opposite shore at dis- tances from 8 to 29 m. AREA. The greatest length of the island from N. to S. is 134 m., and breadth E. to W. 33 m. The coast line measures 386 m. The following table gives the statistics of the island: Province. Date of or- ganization. Capital. Total area. Area of Dependent islands. main- land. Number. Area. Popula- tion. Sq.m. Negros Occidental.. Apr. 20, 1901 Negros Oriental .........do. Bacolod. Dumaguete. Sq.m. 3, 112 1, 742 Sq.m. 3.105 1, 734 231,512 140, 498 0 Total 4,854 4,839 372, 010 In area Negros Occidental is 800 sq. m. larger than Delaware, and Oriental 500 sq. m. larger than Rhode Island. The combined area of the two provinces is 9 sq. m. larger than Connecticut. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 689 angan, Tablas.sierras and tablelands sextends from Nitot to Caladias, 14 m. inle Suete forming the terminante de Patioito) deflectie Cambambanan, Llanof the center, PHYSICAL FEATURES. From Esmeralda Mt., 12 m. S. of the extreme N. point, to Caladias, 14 m. inland from the S. coast, a range of mountains extends from N. to S. a little E. of the center, with a series of sierras and tablelands (Llanura de Cambambanan, Llanura de Cada- biangan, Tablas, and Puente de Patioito) deflecting to the W. and the Sierra Duma- guete forming the terminal elevations in the S. Near the N. end of the range, 25 m. S. of Esmeralda, is the celebrated Canlaon volcano, better known as Malaspina, 8,192 ft. high. In S. summits of the Sierra Dumaguete, 14 m. W. of the capital of that name, are 2 remarkable mountain lakes, the larger 5 by 2, m., and smaller 2 by 1 m. About 5 m. SE. of the larger lake and 10 m. W. of Dumaguete are the famous hot springs of Mainit, while 8 and 10 m. SW. of Dumaguete, near the coast near Dáuin, are numerous thermal and sulphur waters. This range divides the island into 2 almost equal political divisions, and practically precludes intercourse between them by land. Near the Malaspina volcano, a lateral spur trends E. to the coast. This, with the main range continuing S., constitutes the boundary between the 2 Negros provinces. The spurs from these mountains form large valleys, inhabited on the W. side from Sajotas to Silay, and on the N. and NE., where the extensive plains are intersected by rivers of good size. Although the country is rugged, it is very fertile in the cultivated part, because of the numerous streams. BAYS AND HARBORS. The straits on either side of the island form a protection from the winds of the ocean. The coasts afford numerous roadsteads and few bays, the anchorages being generally under shelter of the adjacent islands. (See Bays and harbors, Negros Occidental and Oriental.) ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The coast is paralleled by a wagon road or trail, there being very few communi- cating with the interior, as all the towns of any consequence are on the seashore. The only defiles through the mountain chain are at Tipán, where the Ilog Riv., rising on the E. side, flows W. into the opening of Guimarás Strait, and at Hibayo, where a mountain path crosses to the headwaters of the Hilabano, and thence by way of Isabela to the Guimarás Strait, on the W. side, at Himamailán. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The total population of the island, under the census of 1887, was 241,374; esti- mated, 1901, Occidental, 231,512; Oriental, 140,498; total, 372,010. The unexplored forests of the interior are roamed over by savages. The Occidental province has the numbers of Montana, and the Oriental nearly that of Delaware. Aggregately the population is but 28,000 less than the State of Vermont. The people are Visayans along the coast and Panayanos in the mountains, and speak languages known by the same names. The language most spoken is Visayan. The Occidental province has 30 towns and upward of 100 villages. The capital, Bacolod, a port open for coasting trade, lies at the mouth of the Lupit Riy., opposite the junction of Guimarás and Iloilo straits. It has some fine public and private buildings and a population of 11,624. The remaining towns range from 4,000 to 9,100 inhabitants. Negros Oriental has 24 towns, all but 1 on the coast, and 63 villages, also on the coast except 4 in the vicinity of Bais, and 5 in the neighborhood of Dumaguete. The capital, Duma- guete, is a port open to coasting trade immediately S. of the S. entrance to Tañón Strait. It is connected by a road or trail with all parts of the coast, and has a popu- lation of 14,352. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The coasts are exceptionally free from islands, but 14 lying off Occidental and 3 off Oriental Negros, tħe aggregate area being but 17 sq. m. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. Although the surface is very uneven, the soil is fertile and produces fine crops of the products of the country. While there are no large rivers, there are numerous streams which are utilized for irrigation, which the natives well understand. The vegetable products are abundant. The chocolate is of the best quality grown in the Visayas. Among the other crops are sugar cane, coffee, rice, tobacco, wax, wheat, cotton, hemp, bago, sibucao (medicinal and dye plant), corn, etc, S. Doc. 280— 44 690 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. MINERALS. The interior having been little explored, nothing is known of the mineral wealth which may lie hidden in the mountain masses. Coal deposits are reported on the W. slopes of the central range. FORESTS. The interior is covered with vast forests of valuable woods, the chief of which is teak, one of the best timbers used in shipbuilding in Western nations. FRUITS. The manga, sapote, custard apple, banana, mabolo, and oranges—the latter, how- ever, not of a superior quality-grow luxuriantly. INDUSTRIES. The chief manufactures are abaca and cabo negro, of which boat cables are made. Large numbers of cattles, horses, carabaos, and hogs are raised. Next to the agricul- tural industries are the fisheries. The products of the waters of the island consist of fish, tortoise shell, sea cucumbers, and sea shells. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. This island was occupied during the Visayan campaign of the spring and summer of 1899. After the departmental organization of 1900, the troops were actively engaged in the suppression of brigandage, and particularly of the Tulisanes or organ- ized bands of outlaws and robbers. (See United States military occupation, Negros Occidental and Oriental.) CIVIL GOVERNMENT. In March, 1899, the military governor of the island organized a battalion of 200 native police at Bacolod, the capital. A constitutional convention was later held at the same place. In July, same year, a form of constitution or “fundamental laws" for the island having been decided upon in constitutional convention, was submitted to the military governor and by him forwarded to the military governor of the P. I., who transmitted it to the President of the United States for the consideration of Congress. On July 22 (G. O., No. 30) the military governor of the P. I. proclaimed a form of civil government pending action by the President or Congress on the Bacolod constitution. It provided a military governor appointed by the military governor of the P. I. to command the troops, and a civil governor and advisory council elected by the people, and secretaries of treasury, interior, agriculture, public instruction, attorney-general, and auditor appointed by and acting under the military governor. The details for the holding of elections and defining powers and duties and raising revenue were set forth. Schools were also to be established. This native movement was the first attempt to institute provincial government in the P. I. The civil government for Negros established by the P. C. April 20, 1901, is the same as that provided for other provinces under the provincial government act of February 6, 1901. (See Civil government, Negros Occidental and Oriental). 1, attorney.me for the holding hools were al NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, VISAYAS, PROVINCE OF. (Nay'-gross ock-thee-dayn-tahl', Hisp.) Capital: Bacolod, lat. 10° 41' N., lon. 122° 56' E. Area: Mainland, 3,105 sq. m.; dependent islands, 7 sq. m.; total, 3,112 sq. m. Population: 231,512. Race: Visayans; Negritos in mountains. Language: Visayan. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloílo, Iloilo, Panay. Table of distances. From Bacolod to- Dumaguete ...... Dumaguete, by sea.. Iloilo, by sea...... Manila.. Manila, via Guimarás Strait, Mindoro and China seas .... 308 515 BARGE IN WHICH THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION WAS LANDED AT BACOLOD. PLAZA (SQUARE) AT BACOLOD. Note the harnessed bulls in the foreground, during bicycle races given in honor of the Philippine Commission. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 691 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Negros Occidental (western) occupies the entire N. and greater portion of the W. shore of the island of Negros. It is bounded on the N. by the Visayan Sea, on the E. by Tañón Strait, which separates it and Negros Oriental from Cebú; on the S. by Negros Oriental; on the SW. by the Sulu Sea; on the W. by Guimarás Strait, which separates it from that island, and Iloilo Strait, which separates it from Panay on the W. and NW., the nearest point being 9 m. AREA. It measures 120 m. from NE. to SW., and 38 m. from NW. to SE. Area of main- land, 3,105 sq. m.; 14 dependent islands, 7 sq. m.; total, 3,112 sq. m. (1,991,680 a.) or nearly 1,000 sq. m. larger than Delaware and more than twice as large as Rhode Island. PHYSICAL FEATURES. stend toward the coase: Gilubang, Tanánbagan, and A range of high mountains begins at Solitario, in the extreme NE. After a SW. trend of 37 m. it reaches the NW. angle of boundary between the 2 provinces; thence pursuing a SW. course it forms the E. boundary. Its loftiest summit is Malaspina or Canlaón, 8,192 ft. high, a partially extinct volcano in the S. central portion of chain. From this range lateral spurs extend toward the coast, forming numerous valleys, watered by many rivers, the most important being the Gilubang, Tañón, Luzón or Salamanca, and Danao on the E. coast, and the Lagasan or Bagó, Binalbagan, and Ilog on the W. coast. This stream and the Binalbagan penetrate the mountains between Negros Oriental and Occidental. The Ilog has its source in the former province, NW. of Dumaguete. It has from 1 to 2 fms. at its mouth, and is navi- gable with lorchas about 7 m. from mouth. Other rivers of importance, but of no great length, are Sicaba, Malogo, Ginigaran, Aguisan. The Sipalay in the SW. is about 35 m. long and rises in the interior near Ilog Riv. It empties into the sea about 700 yds. N. of town of the same name. All portions of country in S. of Negros are cut up by small streams, and therefore very rough and hilly; not passable except by difficult trails. No plateau exists in this portion of the island. BAYS AND HARBORS. ages the fourt named, runs svantayan and thae S. part of the de Negros, boun On the N. coast of Negros Occidental is the so-called Saco de Negros, bounded on the W. by the group of Pan de Azúcar and the S. part of the group of Gigantes, and on the E. by the island of Bantayan and the chain of small islands which, starting from the last named, runs SW. to the NE. end of Negros. Of the coves and anchor- ages the following may be mentioned: Antal; the anchorage of Inayauan, on the SW. coast, open to winds and sea; use- less as anchorage during SW. monsoon. Bito; a small inlet on the extreme NE. coast; useless during NE. monsoon. Campomanes; S. of Matulindog, on the SW. coast, with 17 to 28 fms. almost touching the shore. Cartagena; on the W. coast, S. of Inayauan, with deep water. Catmón; one of a succession of partly sheltered anchorages, between the mouth of Panaón Riv. and Sangui Pt., at the boundaries between the provinces, on the SW. coast. Guimugahan; an open bight on the N. coast. Linaón; on the W. shore, off the town of that name; useless as anchorage during SW. monsoon. Mabúlao; at the mouth of the river of the same name on the SW. coast, S. of Campomanes. Mucaboc; on the extreme NE. coast, 3 m. between Bais and Escalante, and very near the SE. shore. Panagsagon; on the extreme NE. coast. Arguelles lies on the SE. shore. Refugio; in the N. water of Tañón Strait, formed by the island of that name and the mainland, near the N. boundary of Negros Oriental; anchorage for San Carlos. Suay; near the angle of the W. coast curving to the W. and sheltered from all winds but the NE.; useless during SW. monsoon. Lorchas (a kind of wooden boat especially made for freight purposes) can enter the Binicuit Riy. at any time; anchorage inside very good. 692 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The E. coast trail of Negros Oriental, along the Tañón Strait, continues into Negros Occidental, at the crossing of that stream, thence it continues to Escalante. At Sicaba, on the extreme N. point, begins a cart road which follows the shores of Iloilo and Guimarás straits as far as Isio, near the W. point of the island. This road is impassable during the rainy season except that portion lying between Saravia and Bacolod, Valladolid, and San Enrique, and by pack animals only. The trails along the coast S. and W. of Isio are covered by the sea at high tide. This renders them useless and makes water transportation for all journeys on this coast absolutely necessary. There are a number of roads leading into the interior from this main line. The larger rivers afford communication with the coast. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population of Negros Occidental is 231,512, almost wholly of the Visayan race. There are 2 dialects of the Visayan language spoken on the island—the Panayano and Cebuano. In the W. coasts and portion of the island Panayano is spoken, but in the N. and E. Cebuano. The following is the division of the whole island of Negros into pueblos and their respective population, according to the census of 1887. The island at that time was not divided into two provinces: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, 1887. Island and pueblos. Men, Women. Total. Negros (Oriental and Occidental): Amblán .... Arguelles... Ayungon Ayuquitan. Bacolod .. Bacón....... Bagó ......... Bais Binalbagan .. Cabancalan ... Cádiz Nuevo .. Calatrava Cauayan Carlota (La). Dancalan.. Dauin .... Dumaguete.. Escalante ... Ginigaran ... Granada....... Guijulugan Guilhungan. 2,088 1,259 353 1,143 3, 451 3, 196 4, 252 2, 622 2,775 2,868 1,921 6,644 1,146 3, 370 1, 501 * 3, 368 6, 498 8,046 4.504 764 594 1,214 2, 241 4,998 1, 334 3, 606 1,521 2, 362 2, 242 3,941 1, 432 2,692 3,572 1,750 5,164 4,209 2, 931 4, 309 847 2, 362 2,091 1, 132 340 1,100 3,391 3,354 4,175 2,349 2, 494 2,912 1,633 5,517 1,048 3,016 1,483 3, 383 6, 749 1, 844 4, 465 696 560 1,161 2, 316 4, 220 1,153 4,179 2, 391 693 2, 243 6,842 7,050 8, 427 4.971 5, 269 5,780 3,554 12, 161 2,194 6,386 2,984 6, 751 13, 244 3,892 8,969 1,460 1,154 2, 375 4,557 9, 218 flog . Isabela .. Islo......... 2, 487 3, 467 1,947 Jimamaylan.. Jimalalud.. Manapla Manjủyod Minulúan Murcia .... Nueva Valencia Pontevedra San Enrique. Sara via...... Siatón........ Sibulan Silay ...... Suay. Súmag. Tanhay. Tayasan... Tolón ....... Valladolid Zamboanguita .. 1,536 2, 305 3, 620 1, 336 2,884 3, 229 1,660 4,392 4,002 2,920 3, 345 751 2,063 5, 143 695 1, 326 5, 065 2, 403 117, 268 7,073 3,057 4, 309 4,547 7,561 2, 768 5,576 6,901 3,410 9,556 8,210 5,857 7,654 1,598 4, 425 10,300 1, 381 5,157 5636 1, 563 5, 142 2, 466 10, 207 4,869 Total. 124, 106 241, 374 Estimated, 1901: Occidental. Oriental ... 231, 572 140, 498 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 693 The toe between the base the NW. shore, at the It is an imports The towns lie chiefly on the coast. The villages, upward of 100 in number, are distributed between the base of the mountains and the shore. Bacolod; the capital, on the NW. shore, at the mouth of the Lupit Riv. and opposite the junction of Guimarás and Iloilo straits. It is an important road center and has some fine public and private buildings. Pop., 6,268. Arguelles; on the extreme NE. coast, at the mouth of the Quinalusan Riv., 43 m. NE. of Bacolod. Pop., 2,391. Bagó; on the W. coast road, 12.5 m. SW. of Bacolod. Pop., 7,092. Binalbagan; on the W. coast road, at the crossing of the river of the same name, 35 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 5,135. Cabancalan; on the right bank of the blog Riv., below the junction of the Nito- mayan Riv., 6 m. above its mouth and 54.5 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 7,636. Cádiz Nuevo; on the S. shore of a large bight on the N. coast, 33 m. NNE. of Bacolod. Pop., 7,046. Calatrava; on the E. coast of Tañón Strait, 34 m. E. of Bacolod. Pop., 12,720. Cauayan; on the coast road, 55 m. SSW. of Bacolod. Pop., 4,644. Destroyed by ladrones, November, 1901. Danao; on the river of the same name in the extreme NE. part of the province, 41 m. E. of Bacolod, the only deep-water port on the island, is situated at mouth of river, which is navigable by small launches 9 m. from mouth. Dancalan; on the W. coast road, 46 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 1,445. Escalante Grande; in the extreme NE., about 14 m. from mouth of the Danao Riv., with 24 fms. on the bar at low water and 52 fms. upstream. It is a place of Cauayan; on the her. 1901. name in the ext mportant local trade. the bar at low water, about 1} m. from mamaylan beint Bacolod, anditary station of Antal, 67, Ginigaran; on the W. coast road, at the mouth of the river of the same name, 29 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 13,620. Granada; on the headwaters of the Lupit Riv., 7 m. E. of Bacolod, with which it is connected by trails. Pop., 2,864. Guilhungan; on the W. coast road, 62 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., Cn. 1887, 1, 154. Guimbalaon; on the 1. bank of the head waters of the Malisug Riv., 11 m. NE. of Bacolod. Pop., Cn. 1896, 5,571. Jimamaylan; a telegraph and military station on the W. coast road, 41 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 6,758. blog; a military station on the main W. coast road, at the crossing of the impor- tant river of the same name, 45 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 6,070. Inayauan; on the W. coast, near the bay of Antal, 67 m. SSW. of Bacolod. Isabela; a telegraph and military station and important center of trade communi- cation, 37 m. S. of Bacolod, and connected with the coast by several roads, that of Jimamaylan being 9 m. Pop., 11, 104. Isio; on the coast road, near the W. point of the province, 53 m. SSW. of Bacolod. Pop., 1,596. La Carlota; a telegraph and military station on the l. bank of a branch of the San Enrique Riv., 18 m. S. of Bacolod. It is an important center of roads and trails between different parts of the interior and the coast at Bacolod and other points. Pop., 12,384. La Castellana; is on the road between La Carlota and Isabela, and is important because the most practicable trail across the mountains begins at La Castellana, and continues to Valle Hermoso. La Castellana is also connected with Valle Hermoso by telegraph, and this line across the mountains renders telegraphic communication with Dumaguete possible. Pop., about 2,500. Manapla; a telegraph and military station on the NW. coast, 8 m. NNE. of Bacolod. Pop., 6,000. Minulúan; on the NW. coast, 6 m. N. of Bacolod. Pop., 11,338. Murcia; a military station at the head waters of the Lagasan, 8 m. ESE. of Bacolod, with which it is connected by trails. Pop., 8,000. Pontevedra; a military station on the W. coast, at the mouth of the Mangala Riv., 24 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 12,000. Sicaba; on the N. coast, at the N. terminus of the coast road, 31 m. NE. of Bacolod. San Enrique; a military station on the W. coast road, near the mouth of the river of the same name, in road communication with La Carlota, 20 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 3,607. Saravia; a military station on the extreme NE. coast, between the Matalag Grande and Chico Rivs., 16 m. N. of Bacolod. Pop., 5,304. Silay; a large and rich town open to coasting trade, and a telegraph and military station on the NW. coast, 10 m. N. of Bacolod. Pop., 14,537. Suay; in the deep angle of the coast, 43 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 2,972. Súmag; on the W. coast road, 5 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 4,332. 694 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Toboso; a military station on the shore of Tañón Strait, on the main road to Esca- lante, at the crossing of the Toboso Riv., 39 m. E. of Bacolod. - Valladolid; a military station on the W. coast shore, 16 m. SSW. of Bacolod. Pop., 14,000. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The coast is exceptionally free from islands. The following is the list: sq.m. Baguba banna; 3 m. NW. of Macaboc Pt., extreme NE. coast. Danpegan; 2 m. N. of Binigsian Pt., on the SW. coast; an islet lies between it and coast with an anchorage in 9 to 17 fms.; area ..... Ilacoan; off the extreme N. coast, NE. of Manapla; area....... Inayauan (Auajaungan); with 4 islets close to it, off the town of that name on SW. coast; area... Mucabog (Bacaboc); 3, m. NE. of Bito or Sagai Pt., N. coast; village of San Luis on the SE. shore; area .... Refugio (or Sipacay, on the Tañón Strait coast N. of the N. boundary line between Negros Occi- dental and Oriental, 1 m. off shore. It is 2 m. N. and S. The channel between it and the main- land affords anchorage in 12 fms.; area........ Sugac; off W. coast, between Bito and Guimugahan. 6 dependent islands, 8 islets of rock; total area ...... VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The soil is fertile and produces the best quality of cacao in the Visayas, besides rice, maize, sugar, tobacco, camotes, cotton, coffee, and hemp. Large numbers of cattle, horses, hogs, and carabaos are raised. MINERALS. Deposits of coal exist along the rivers entering the sea near Calatrava and Talabe, on the E. coast; it is a variety of lignite. Further discoveries have been made on the W. coast near the mountains of Uling and Alpaco. There are some indications of iron between La Castellana and Isabela, and several hot and warm springs, those near Mambucal and Isabela being very largely visited for their medicinal effects. FORESTS. In the forests are many valuable woods, including teak, highly prized for ship- building in foreign ship yards, and the ilang-ilang. FRUITS. The fruits consist of the finest varieties of the mango, sapote, banana, custard apple, oranges of a poor variety only. INDUSTRIES. Hydraulic and steam machinery for the manufacture of sugar is largely used. The fisheries are also important, besides fish embracing sea cucumbers, gulaman, sea shells, etc., which are abundant. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. This portion of Negros I. was occupied during the operations in the Visayas in the summer of 1899. On February 15, 1902, Negros Occidental was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Bacolod. a Isabela. a Valladolid. Cabancalan, La Carlota. a Danao. Silay, a CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Negros Occidental was created under the provincial-govern- ment act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the P. C. April 20, 1901, to embrace "that territory in the island of Negros under the Spanish sovereignty known as the province of Negros Occidental.'” a Telegraph. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 695 PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. $2,500 [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor ... Secretary ... 1,500 Treasurer.. 2,500 Supervisor.... 2, 200 Fiscal. 1,500 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceeding $2.50 per day as prescribed. The presidentes and alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet and organize on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October to con- sider improvements needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. Under this enabling act all of G. 0. No. 30, issued by the military governor of the P. I. July 22, 1899, except relating to the judiciary, collection of customs, postal matters, and Philippine interisland trade and commerce, was repealed. Also legis- lation enacted by the advisory council and approved by the military governor of the islands, repealed. There was also legislation of interpretation and regulation concerning free schools. Municipal government established under G.O.No. 40, 1899, abolishing the cédula tax of $3; regulating the cutting of timber, internal taxation, distribution of funds between the provinces on the island, and for other purposes necessary to uniformity of administration, under the authority of the P. C. CONDITIONS. “Civil government was established 9 months ago, and although this is a short period in which to appreciate the character of a political epoch, one feels already among the people the first signs of an era of contentment and love for a régime which had been so long desired, which can not fail to lay for the future the stable founda- tions of a radical and deeply autonomous constitution. If, while war was raging in other provinces, its contagious blasts were hardly felt here before they were extin- guished by the prudence of the wise governors of Negros, and, above all, by the opinion of the people, which has shown unanimously that it is opposed to an irre- concilable policy; if, during the most critical moments of the revolution, Negros was considered by natives and foreigners as a paradise of tranquility, it is useless to describe its present situation under the auspices of civil régime, which has always been the object of all the inhabitants, who have never been induced to wander from the road which they have so happily followed. The only atmosphere here is one of peace, and hearts only beat for the prosperity of the province." (Official report of provincial governor of Negros Occidental, December, 1901.) NEGROS ORIENTAL, VISAYAS, PROVINCE OF. (Nay'-gross oh-reeayn-tahl', Hisp.) Capital: Dumaguete, lat. 9° 18 30' N., lon. 123° 18' E. Area: Mainland, 1,734 sq. m.; dependent islands, 8 sq. m.; total, 1,742 sq. m. Population: 140,498. Race: Visayan. Language: Visayan. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo Iloilo, Panay. DALO ....... . ..... .. Table of distances. From Dumaguete to- Bacolod... Bacolod via Sulu Sea and Guimaras Strait ... Cebú... Manila.. Manila via Tañón Strait, Visayan and Mindoro seas, and Verde Passage .. Misamis, Mindanao.. Tagbilaran, Bohol.. m . 98 204 81 414 618 88 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Negros Oriental (eastern) occupies about three-fourths of the E. seacoast of the island of Negros. It is bounded on the N. by Negros Occidental; on the E. by Cebú, from which it is separated by the strait of Tañón, 3 m. wide on the S. and 2i m. at the N.; on the SE., S., and SW. by an arm of the Sulu Sea, and on the W. by Negros Occidental. 696 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. AREA. It measures 103 m. from N. to S., and 49 m. from E. to W. at its widest, and 8 m. at its narrowest points. Area, 1,734 sq. m. mainland; dependent islands, 8; total, 1,743 sq. m., or 1,114,880 acres, or one-fourth larger than the State of Delaware. PHYSICAL FEATURES. A range of mountains, which crosses the island from NW. to SW. from a point 3 m. N. of the volcano of Canlaón or Malaspina, forms the boundary between the gen- eral divisions of the island, known as Negros Oriental and Occidental. The most prominent summits on this side of the boundary are the volcano Canlaón referred to, 4,200 ft.; Tipasi or Ang, and the ridge of Dumaguete, with 5 peaks, the most S., 92 m. SW., being 6,244 ft. high. All the rivers drain the E. slope of the dividing range into the Tañón Strait or the Sulu Sea. The principal of these are the Tabón in the N., the Bais and Panhay in the S., and the Tolón in the SW. In the S. lies the mountain lake Balinsasáyao, 61 m. N. and S., and 3 m. E. and W. A smaller lake, about 2 m. square, lies about m. to the E. BAYS AND HARBORS. The coast along Tañón Strait, except at Bais, affords only open roadsteads. Bais; a bay 11 m. between heads extending inland on the SE. coast on the strait of Tañón. The islands of this name afford shelter from nearly all winds. Bombonón; on the extreme S. coast, 1 m. NW. of the point of the same name, 2, m. wide, 5 fms. deep. It is completely sheltered. Several small rivers enter it. Capcap; on the S. coast, small but deep and well sheltered. Siyt; on the extreme SE. coast, small and well sheltered, 34 to 8 fms. deep. Tolón; on the SW, coast, 12 m. between heads. A number of rivers enter it. Bayauan and Tolón lie on its shores. Tutuban; on the S. end of the island and well sheltered. Also the following anchorages, ports, and roadsteads: Tañón Strait: Jilaitán, S. of that village; Manjúyod, at that town; Palompon, S. of Bais Bay; Tabón, off the mouth of that river. On the seacoast: Magabo, S. of Dauin. SW. coast: Canitan, off the mouth of Manobongon; Casilían, off Pagudban vil- lage and river; Molocatan, S. of that town and river; Sanqui, near the Negros Occi- dental boundary; Siatón, or Sábao, E. of that town. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are few roads or trails to the interior, owing to the mountainous character of the country. A trail follows the coast from the NE. boundary on Tañón Strait to the SW. on Sulu Sea. In the vicinity of Dumaguete are a few roads extending about 5 m. inland. At Bayauan, on the Tolón Bay, SW. coast, a road starting N. crosses the boundary into Negros Occidental and terminates at Suay, on its W. coast. All traffic is by the straits and sea. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The latest information gives a population of 140,498, entirely Visayan in race and language. (For population, census 1887, see Population and towns Negros Occidental.) The following is a list, by the provincial governor, of the 24 municipalities of Negros Oriental organized under the municipal code, with the population of each: Municipality. Popula- tion. Municipality. Popula- tion. Amblán. Ayuquitan ..... Bacón....... Bais ............ Bayauan ...... Canoan....... Dauin ...... Dumaguete Guijulugan Jimalalud Lacy .. Larena .. Libertad .... 6, 350 Manjúyod 2,992 || María 8, 999 Nueva Valencia 5, 671 San Juan... 2, 166 Siatón ... 5,801 Sibulan.. 7,628 Siquijor.. 15, 326 Tayasan 4,024 Tanhay. 1, 712 Tolón..... 8,163 | Zamboanguita 4, 126 2, 221 Total...... 4,882 6, 14. 6,197 6.009 8, 494 6, 360 11, 007 2,893 11,592 2,017 5,665 146, 446 PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT BUILDING AT DUMAGUETE. An awning covering the street for an eighth of a mile to the beach was torn to pieces by the wind. THE CARABAO, OR WATER BUFFALO OF NEGROS. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 697 h@ At this poinón Port, o. of Dumaguete: 1887,6 All but one of the towns are on the coast, and 63 villages, all on the coast except 4 in the vicinity of Bais and 5 in the neighborhood of Dumaguete. Dumaguete; the capital, on the sea end of the S. entrance to Tañón Strait, con- nected by roads or trails with all parts of the coast line and Nueva Valencia in the interior. The anchorage has 7 fms. Pop., 13,613. Amblán; near the Š. entrance to Tañón Strait, 12) m. N. by W. of Dumaguete, with an anchorage of from 4 to 13 fms. Pop., 5,500. Ayungón; on the Tañón Strait, 36 m. N. of Dumaguete. Pop., 1, 107. Ayuquitan; at the narrowest point of the S. entrance of Tañón Strait, with Cebu 3 m. opposite, and 8 m. N. by W. of Dumaguete. Pop., 3,171. Bacón; on the coast road, SW. shore, opposite Siquijor I., 6 m. S. of Dumaguete. Pop., 8,371. Bais; on the bay of the same name, at the mouth of the Tamagon or Bais Riv., 21 m. N. of Dumaguete. At this point the coast trail changes to a cart road, which continues around the coast to Bombonón Port, on the extreme S. Pop., 9,304. Bayauan; on Tolón Bay, SW. coast, 29 m. W. of Dumaguete. Pop., 1,000. Dauin; on the coast road, 12 m. S. of Dumaguete. Pop., Cn. 1887, 6,751. Guijulugan; at the mouth of the river of the same name, 55 m. N. of Dumaguete. Pop., 7,006. Hibayo; on the strait of Tañón, 5 m. S. of the N. boundary, 74 m. N. of Duma- guete. Jimalalud; about the center of the Tañón Strait coast, 48 m. N. of Dumaguete. Pop., 5,559. Manjúyod; at the mouth of the river of the same name, 23 m. N. of Dumaguete. Pop., 7,486. Nueva Valencia; inland 41 m. and connected by a fine road with the coast at Dumaguete, 5 m. NÉ., and Bacon, 4 m. SE. Pop., 6,316. Siatón; at the mouth of the Canauang Riv. on the extreme S. coast, 27 m. SW. of Dumaguete. Pop., 8,142. Sibulan; on the coast road, at the S. entrance to Tañón Strait, 4 m. NNW. of Dumaguete. Pop., 6,346. Tanhay; on the coast road, near the S. entrance to Tañón Strait, 15 m. NNW. of Dumaguete. Pop., 12,408. Tayasan; about the center of Tañón Strait coast, 43 m. E. of Dumaguete. Pop. 1,569. Tolón; on the E. shore of the bay of that name, at the mouth of Tolón Riv., 29 m. W. of Dumaguete. Pop., 1,514. Zamboanguita; on the coast road, extreme SE. shore, 28 m. SSW. of Dumaguete. - Pop., 5,603. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The coast of Negros Oriental is almost entirely clear of islands, and the waters range from 7 to upward of 110 fms. in depth. The following are the islands: sq.m. Apo; E. of Zamboanguita Pt., 300 ft. high, visible 34 m..... Bacabac; 2. m. NE. of Sagay Pt., and divides Tañón Strait into 2 channels.. Bais; a cluster of high islands in the bay of the same name... 3 dependent islands, total area .. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The island produces sugar cane, hemp, rice, chocolate, coffee, and cotton. In the vicinity of Amblán are extensive cocoa plantations. MINERALS. In both provinces of this island exist large and important deposits of coal. FORESTS. The mountains inland are covered with extensive forests of hard wood, suitable for building and trade requirements of the towns on the coast. FRUITS Among the fruits is the Philippine variety of manga, mabolo, sapote, bananas, and oranges. 698 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. INDUSTRIES. A large manufacture of sugar and sugar sacks is carried on. The most notable of the mechanical industries is the manufacture of cotton pillows, which are carried away for use on steamers. Turtle shells are collected. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. Negros Oriental was one of the first islands occupied during the Visayan campaign in the spring and summer of 1899. After the departmental organization in the early part of 1900 the troops on duty in this province were engaged in the suppression of the Tulisanes organized bands of robbers. On February 15, 1902, Negros Oriental was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Dumaguete. Haguimit. Payao. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Negros Oriental was created under the provincial-government act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment P. C. April 20, 1901, to embrace that terri- tory of the island of Negros known under the Spanish sovereignty as the province of Negros Oriental.” PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. ases not ities of the Petober [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor .. $2,000 Secretary ... 1,200 Treasurer. 2,000 Supervisor 1, 800 Fiscal ....... 1, 200 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceeding $2.50 per day as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet and organize on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October, to consider improvements needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. The legislation by the Commission for the repeal, interpretation, and regu- lation of the provision of former military order, apply reciprocally to Negros Occi- dental (q. v.). The military governor of the islands during the earlier occupation formulated a plan for a representative provisional government, G. O., No. 30, series 1899, which was put in operation and continued until superseded by civil gov- ernment. CONDITIONS. consider im proislation by the Comilitary order, apply during the ea tion by the Com the province anuary, April, Juf of the pro “In spite of the difficulty experienced at first by the provincial treasurer, to-day the financial status is as follows: Gold: Assets. $45, 441.59 Liabilities. 27, 708.66 Surplus....... 17,732.93 “Notwithstanding the pueblos have suffered terribly from the locust plague, the last crop of maize, the chief article of food of the natives, was very abundant. The provincial government voted the sum of $250 gold out of the provincial fund to fight the plague, saving, fortunately, the crop of the last-named pueblo (Bais), which is estimated at 110,000 piculs of sugar (1373 lbs.=1 picul). "The flourishing condition of the fields of maize, palay (rice), hemp, and sugar, augurs well for the future prosperity of our pueblos. * * * The disposition of the pueblos toward the new régime under American sovereignty is, on the whole, favorable.” (Official report of provincial governor of Negros Oriental, December 19, 1901.) a Telegraph. WL MAATILANESE O NIN BAY PORT MAXDAON S Doc 2.80 57 1 THE NORRS PETERS CO.PHOTO-UITHO GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 699 NERI (nay'-ree), Sp.; pueblo in .Misamis, Min- NIPA (neel-pah), Sp.; important point and head- danao. land on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, approach- ing anchorage of Cápiz; provincial capital is NEGSON (neg'-sohn), ver.; mountain in Zam- bales, Luzon, near W. border. One of tribu- 3 m. SE. taries of Botonglápot Riv. rises in this moun- - hamlet in extreme NW. part of Antique, tain. Panay, 16 m. W. of Pandán. NEIBA (nay'-bah), ver.; river entering sea 6 m. NIPAAN (nee-pah'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on sw. NW. by W. of Nauján, on NE. coast of Min- coast of Dapitan, Mindanao, 54 m. NE. of doro. Langoyon Pl., E. head of Sindangan Bay. NENA (nayl-nah), Sp.; hamlet on NW. shore of NIPA BALÁS (neel-pah bah-lass'), ver.; hamlet on bay, 2 m. NW. of San Julián, on E. coast of NE. point of Basilan 1., S. of Zamboanga Pen., Sámar. Mindanao, on S. side of entrance to Basilan NEPTIC (nep-tick'), ver.; island off N. coast of Strait. Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. NW. of Pirara. (See Na NIPA-NIPA (nee-pah-nee'-pah), ver.; hamlet near gliz.) E. shore of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 11 NES (ness), nat.; point at junction of N. arm of m. SE. of Basey, Sámar. Grande Riv. of Mindanao, and Matampai, NIPÉIN (nee-pain'), nat.; village on 1. bank of Cotabato, Mindanao, above Cotabato. N. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, NEWSAM, for.; point on China Sea shore of Ulu- Mindanao, above Sandy Pt. gan Pen., W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. NIPPLE, for.; peak 2,930 ft. high in Pulute range, NGARAG (nga-rahg'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of central Palawan. Cabagan Viejo, Isabela, Luzon. NITOMAYAN (nee-toh-mah'-yahn), ver.; main NIAPORAI (nee-ah-poh'-rī), ver.; island 354 ft. tributary of Ílog Riy., formed by Hitobano high, and rock in channel between Pagdanan Riv., in Negros Occidental. Pt. and Boayan I., m. from latter, NW.coast NITUANG (nee-twang'), ver.; river emptying into of Paragua, Palawan. Polloc Harbor, Cotabato, Mindanao, s. by W. NIASOG (nee-ah-sog'), ver.; pointon extreme NW. of Parang-Parang. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 2, m. W. of Malay. NO (noh), Sp.; mountain in NW. Tablas I., Rom- NIAVES (nee-ah'-vays), ver.; hamlet in pueblo blón grp., Visayas. of Gapán, Nueva Ecija, Luzón. NOBLE (noh'-blay), Sp.; point on extreme NE. NIBABATAYAN (nee-bah-bah-tah'-yahn), ver.; of Tulián I., Dalrymple Harbor, NE. coast of hamlet of N. Sámar, 8 m, SE. of Mondragón. Sulu I., Sulu A., and W. head to Gray entrance to that harbor. NIBOBÓN (nee-boh-bohn'), ver.; river in Luzón. NOCHE BUENA (noh'-chay bway'-nah) (means NICOLÁS (nee-coh-lass'), Sp.; hamlet on Sw. Christmas Eve), Sp.; channel, 6 m. long, m. coast of Leyte, 5 m. N. of Inopacan. wide at its narrowest part, to E. of Tawi Tawi NIGPÁ (nig-pah'), ver.; mountain in Leyte. I., Sulu A., between Calupag and Tundubato NIGUI (nee'-gee). Tag.; hamlet in pueblo of Ha- Is., which allows passage to S. of Tawi Tawi gonoy, Bulacan, Luzón, near 1. bank of Ha- without leaving archipelago and without ex- gonoy Riv. posure to open sea, often very heavy in SW. monsoon. Carries 19 ft. through, with an. NIJO (nee'-hoh), ver.; town at head of Davao chorage everywhere in it. Gulf, Mindanao. (See Hijo.) NOGUI (noh'-gee), ver.; small stream in S.Samar; - river entering inlet and hamlet of same empties into bay 2) m. NW. of Balangiga. name at extreme N. end of Davao Gulf, Min- NOLAGUINÚAN (noh-lah - gee - noo' - ahn). ver.; danao, 5 m. ENE. of Tágum. It has very little depth on bar, but is wide for 2 m. above island 1 sq.m. E. of Palasan I., E. of Polillo I. its mouth. Banks are low, marshy, and coy off E. coast of Infanta, Luzón. ered with mangrove. Town of same name NONGALAO (nohn-gah-lah'-ch); island NE. of is most important on gull. (See Hijo.) Cabulauan and belonging to Calamianes and NIJUIBON (nee-hweel-bohn), ver.; hamlet on Cuyos Is.; is of medium height and formed W. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, inland from of central hill. Quida pil Pt., 33, m. SW. by S. of Cotabato. NÓNOC (noh'-nock), nat.; point on W. head of NILADIARAN (nee-lah-deeah'-rahn), ver.; point N. entrance to Loog Bay, SE. arm of Nin on W.coast of Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas, NIN (neen), ver.; S. of 2 large bays on W.shore of -southernmost of 2 islands lying off w. side Masbate I.; Camasusu Peak, on Camasusul., is of S. extreme of Dinagat I, and NE. across lat. 12° 10' 3" N., lon. 123° 12' 47" E. At N. sea channel from NE. of Surigao, Mindanao. entrance is Pambolongan or Tumalaitai Pt., -- pueblo at S. end of 2 islands lying off w. and S. Camasusu or Madedas and Carogo Is., side of S. point of Dinagat I., off N. coast of which also divide Nin Bay on N. from Maca Surigao, Mindanao. Pop., 541. guayag Bay on S. From Nin Bay through NONOYAN (noh-noh'-yahn), nat.; hamlet on SW. narrow channel to E. Mandaón or Alag port; coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, SE. of point town of Mandaón is on W. shore of Nin Bay. of same name. NINAMÓN (nee-nah-mohn'), ver.; river in Misa- - point on SW. coast of Zamboanga, Minda- mis, Mindanao, rising in Lake Lanao, lat. 8° nao, NW. of hamlet of same name, lat. 70° 38' 6' N., lon. 1240 69' E., flows NNW., entering N., lon. 121° 59' 39'' E. on S. shore of bay of Iligan, N. coast. (Also Ninanonon.) NONUGAN (noh-noo'-gahn), nat.; point on W. coast of Masbate, Visayas, lat. 12° 15 N. NINIPO, or TAANCÁN (nee-nee'-poh, tah-ahn- NOONANGAN (noh-oh-nang'-ahn), ver.; hamlet cahn'), ver.; extreme SE. point of Leyte, 8) between Grande Riv. of Mindanao and impor- m. SE. of Mac Crohón, tant stream of SW. in Cotabato, Mindanao, NINOG (nee-nog'), yer.; hamlet of Pangasinan, 154 m. SE. of Cotabato. Luzon, on Agno Riv. road, 11 m. S. of Linga NOOSA (noh-oh-sah), ver,; island in Tawi Tawi yén. grp., Sulu A., lat. 5° 5' 40" N. - hamlet in Sámar, on E. coast. NORA (noh'-rah), ver.; point in S. Mindanao. NIOG (nee-og')(means cocoanut), nat.; town in NORANGA (noh-rahn'-gah), nat.; village and Cavite, Luzón, 9 m. S. of Manila, on road to Cavite, 7 m. ranch on S. side of marshy lagoon at head- waters of Calayan tributary of S. arm of NIOGAN (nee-oh'-gahn), Tag.; hamlet in pueblo Grande Riv. of Mindanao, in Cotabato, Min- of Angat, Bulacan, Luzón. danao. 700 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. NORESTE, or NORTHEAST |(noh-rays'-tay), Sp.; | NORTHUMBERLAND, for.; W. channel of Min- point in island of Palaui, NE. of Luzón. doro Strait, also known as Apo West Passage. NOROESTE, or NORTHWEST (noh-raw-ays'-tay), NORTHWEST, for.; point on NW. shore of Pa- Sp.; point at extreme end of sharp peninsula, laui I., off Cagayán, Luzón, SW. of Cape forming W. shore of Ulugan Bay, W. coast Engaño. United States light-house for this of Paragua, Palawan. portion of coast stands to NE. NORTE (nohr'-tay), Sp.; sea fairway among reefs - hill 600 ft. high at N. point (Northwest from Calandorang Bay, between E. coast of Head) of Ulugan Pen., NW. coast of Paragua, Balá bac I. and Nasubata, in NE. direction Palawan. into Sulu Sea. - anchorage in bight between Valucao and - point in N. of Burias, known also by the Lavilavi Pts., NW. shore Ambil I., Lubang name of Colorada, Masbate grp., Visayas. grp., China Sea, NW. of Mindoro. Sheltered, NORTE, CORDILLERA DEL, or CORDILLERA except from NW., with 5 to 75 fms. CENTRAL (cor-dee-lyay'-rah dayl nohr'-tay, cor-dee-lyay'-rah thayn-tral'), Sp.; this range - point opposite Catpatin I. and W. head to begins from Caraballo Sur to Caraballo Norte, Port San Miguel, NW. coast of Ticao I., Mas- separates provinces of Union and Abra from bate grp., Visayas. that of Nueva Vizcaya, and the province of - point on NW. extreme of Birí I., off N. Cagayán from that of Ilocos Norte and Abra, coast of Sámar, in San Bernardino Strait. and forms with grand range of Sierra Madre, - point on head to Palánog port, NW. coast main body of whole system of mountains in Masbate I., Visayas. island of Luzón. Lagsig Mt., situated in Cara- NORTHWEST, or MANIBURE (mah-nee-boo-ray); ballo Sur, is place from which, extending itself to N. and separating above-mentioned head 600 ft. high, forming part of range over- provinces, begins Pata Pt. with Caraballo looking Oyster Inlet, in Ulugan Bay, Paragua, Mts. or range of Caraballo Norte. Part of Palawan. Is N. extreme of peninsula form- this range, separated in province of Caga- ing Ulugan Bay. Cluster of 5 islets lie off yán, receives name of Norte, and from Cara- head. Is also W. point of entrance to Ulugan ballo Sur to boundary of province of Nueva Вау. Vizcaya is called Central. It is 66 leagues in NORTHWEST ROCK, for.; N. of Busuanga I., Ca- extent and about 7 leagues in width, making lamianes grp., between Paragua, Palawan, about 462 sq. leagues in area. Most impor and Mindoro. (See Dichilem I.) tant peaks are Lagsig, Cabalisan, Pnitiam, NORZAGARAY (nor-thah-gah-ri'), Sp.; pueblo in Sangan, Guinguín, Posden, Alipupu, Uteg, Bulacán, Luzón, 13, m. NE. of Bulacan. Balatino, Sagan, Cusa, Maquinaten, Pibagran, Pop., 5,305. Bimungran, Meibali, los de Camandigan, los de Gasgas, Aganmamalá, Lunuái, Bimungan, NOSE, for.; low, wooded point with small hill Caburlanga, Adang, Caraballo and Patapa. back of it, 13 m. ENE. of Sir James Brooke Pt., SE. coast of Palawan. Immediate land is low. NORTH, for.; island of Batanes grp., lat. 21° 4! densely wooded plain, well populated, with 56'' N., lon. 121° 58' 24" E., 2. m. SSW. from cultivated areas, and overlooked by high Y'Ami. High and teep-to, except on its E. range of Mantalingajan. side, off which at 720 ft. are 3 islets and some detached rocks. Channel between these NOSPI (nos'-pee), ver.; hamlet on r. bank of Bo- islands is too deep for anchorage. linog Riv., in Albay, Luzón, 12 m. S. of Albay. - channel formed by Lutao reefs on ap- NOTABLE (noh-tah'-blay), Sp.; peak in one of proach to Catbalogan, W. coast of Sámar. W. spurs of Cordillera Norte, in Ilocos Norte, - point NW. shore of S. Bais I., at SE. of Luzon, 17 m. E. by N. of Pasuquín, on China Sea coast. channel between that island and mainland, Negros Oriental. NOVALICHES (noh-vah-leel-chess), Sp.; pueblo - inlet on NW. shore of Ulugan Bay, W. situated 10 m. from Manila, in Rizal, con- nected by main road also with Caloocan. coast of Paragua, Palawan. NORTH BAY, for.; hill 880 ft. high near E. shore Pop., 1,871. of Balábac I., off S. end of Palawan, Balábac NOVELE (noh-vay-lay), ver.; town on l, bank of Strait, about #m. N. of Dalauan Bay. Is im- S. branch of Gibong Riv., 7 m. above its out- portant headland to navigators entering this let on N. shore of Pinayat Lake, 109 m. S. by bay. South Bay Hill, 960 ft. high, occupies E. of Surigao, Surigao, Mindanao. an almost corresponding position S. of bay. NOVELETA (noh-vay-lay/-tah), Sp.; pueblo in NORTH CHANNEL, for.; island m. NW. of Bi Cavite, Luzón, 6 m. sw. of Cavite, on bay vouac islet on W. side of Cook channel, off shore road. Pop., 2,805. E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. NUBA (noo'-bah), ver.; town in Ambos Camarines - seaway N. of Balábac I., off S. point of (Sur), Luzón, 17 m, from Nueva Cáceres. Pop., Palawan, 4, m. wide between Nasubata and 17,789. Canabungan Is. and 5mbetween Roughton NUCAS (noo'-cas), Sp.; island 1 m. off extreme SW. reefs and reefs extending 1, m. from Byan point of Panay and it m. S. of Anini-y, and and Gabung Is. forms with Anini-y Pt. narrow channel suit- NORTHEAST, for.; bay in Malampaya Sound, able for small craft. W. coast of Paragua, Palawan, in which are NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LA VICTORIA (nways'- Northeast, Crane, Janet, and other islets. trah sah-nyoh'-rah day lah vic-toh'-ree-ah), NORTH HILL, for.; summit 1,092 ft. high in ex Sp.; town in Negros Oriental. Pop., 2,030 treme NE. of peninsula of Paragua, Palawan, NUEVA CÁCERES (nway'-vah cah'-thay-ress), Sp.; visible from Darocatan Bay on NE. and Base pueblo on SE. coast of Cebú, 584 m. SW. of Bay on NW. coast; also initial elevation in Cebú. Pop., 3,339. central mountain range which trends SW. through island. - (anciently Naga); capital, p. o., and m. o. station in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, on NORTHERN PILLARS, for.; 4 sharp-pointed r. bank of Naga Riv., at head of navigation rocks, 84 m. N. of Dinapac, 15 m. E. by N. of N. for vessels of 300 tons; 10 m. inland from San point of Camiguin I., Babuyanes grp., off N. Miguel Bay, distance being much greater by coast of Cagayán, Luzón. (See Didicao Rocks.) sinuous course of river. At center of 4 fine NORTH ROCK, or COLOCOTÓ (coh-loh-coh-toh'), roads extending in as many different direc- nat.; one of 4 large black rocks, 100 ft. high, tions, to different parts of province. Well lying 15 m. WNW. of Nanga I., N. off Bu- built. Pop., 11,550. suanga I., Calamianes grp., between Paragua Palawan, and Mindoro. It is westernmost of NUEVA CORÓN (nway'-vah coh-rohn'), Hisp.; islands on N. side of Busuanga, and may be hamlet near N. shore of E. entrance to Usón seen 14 m, at sea. port, S. Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., between • NORTH SPIT, for.; N. head of entrance to Puerto Paragua, Palawan, and Mindoro. Princesa Harbor (Port Royalist), E. coast of NUEVA COVETA (nway'-vah coh-vay'-tah), Sp.; Palawan. pueblo in Ilocos Sur, Luzon. Pop., 789. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 701 NUEVA ÉCIJA, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Nway'-vah ay'-thee-hah, Sp.) Capital: San Isidro, lat. 15° 18' 30' N., lon. 120° 51' 30" E. Area: 3,840 sq. m. Population: 156,610. Race: Tagálogs, some Pangasinanes and Ilocanos. Language: Tagálog, Pangasinan, and Ilocano, generally, with some Spanish in the larger towns and racial dialects in the mountains. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. agálog, Pandialects in theadquart Table of distances. From San Isidro to- Bacolor, SW.. Iba, on the China Sea, W.. Malolos, S. Manila, s Lingayen, NW.. Pacific coast, E.: San Fernando .. San Fernando by road. Calumpit ...... Calumpit by road...... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Nueva Ecija, in the central part of Luzon, is bounded on the N. by Pangasinan and Nueva Vizcaya; on the E. by Isabela and the Pacific Ocean, along which it has a frontage of 23 m.; on the S. by Infanta, Bulacán, and Pampanga, and on the W. by Pampanga, Tarlac, and Pangasinan. AREA. Its boundaries measure 64 m. from N. to S. and 48 m. from E. to W. Area, 3,840 sq. m. (2,457,600 a.), it being the third in size among the Luzon provinces, and nearly three times the area of Rhode Island, more than one-third larger than Dela- ware, and nearly one-half the size of Massachusetts. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The province occupies the great valley of S. central Luzon, between the Sierra Madre and the coast spurs of the Gran Cordillera Central, and E. of the Agno and Canarén and the Pampanga Chico Rivs., Pangasinan, Tarlac, and a portion of Pam- panga occupying the opposite banks of those streams. The surface on the NE. and S. is broken by the foothills of the Cordilleras, while in the central portion it is low and subject in many places to inundation by the rivers within its limits. The Grande de la Pampanga Riv. rises in the Caraballo Sur, on its N. boundary, and flows in a S. course across the province, leaving it in the SW. corner, where it passes into Pampanga. In its 75 m. within this province it receives 44 tributaries, not including the smaller streams which feed them. Another extensive system of drain- age falls into the Canarén tributary of the Agno and the Pampanga Chico, which follow the W. boundary, the former N. and the latter S. The entire surface is fer- tile, and with these rivers grows all the products of Luzon. The Caraballo Sur, which forms the boundary on the N., 1,400 ft. ; Caraballo de Baler, about the center of the E. boundary, 1,200 ft.; the Valle de Sabang, 1,000 ft.; and the Pico Sangasa, 1,000 ft. high, near the Pacific coast, are the only elevations of any importance. The climate is salubrious and healthful. BAYS AND HARBORS. Almost the entire Pacific shore of the province is occupied by an open bight 14 m. between heads and extending 6 m. inland. Of the 17 Pacific coast streams all but two, the Ibonan and Emeria, empty into this bight. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The road and river facilities are good. During the dry season almost the entire country, except the mountainous portions, which cover about half of the province, can be traversed by carriages. In many places the mountainous regions can not be 702 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. aple, they is parae boat trfor the pep traversed on horseback-for example, the pass from the valley of the Pampanga to Baler on the Pacific coast. The Pampanga is paralleled across the province by a high- way and telegraph line. This stream has a large boat traffic and with its numerous tributaries brings the inhabitants cheap transportation for the products of soil and forest within their own province and with Manila Bay across the provinces of Pam- panga and Bulacán to the S. The main road communication with adjoining proy- inces is from Arayat, in Pampanga, to San Isidro, thence by way of Gapán to San Miguel de Mayumo, in Bulacan. Another from Santor, on the Pampanga, by trail to the Pacific coast, crossing the coast range, thence N. into Príncipe. Another from Carranglán N. along the headwaters of the Pampanga to Aritao, in Nueva Vizcaya. Another from San José in a NW. direction to Lupao, thence into Pangasinan, via Umingan and the towns of the N. portion of that province to Mangaldan. At this point this road joins the highway along the China Sea coast to the extreme N. of the island. Several roads leave the highway near the Pampanga Chico, and Canarén tributary of the Agno; above Tárlac, the most N., from Cuyapo to Paniqui; the cen- tral from San Juan de Guimba to Victoria, and S. from Zaragoza to Tarlac, the capital. POPULATION AND TOWNS. uns of NW...of the thenceantor, hay along the China province to Mancangasinán, via The registered population is 156,610. The inhabitants are of various races. The greater part of the registered population are Tagálogs, especially in the S. part; toward the N. and NE. are a great many Pangasinanes and Ilocanos; in the W. a large num- ber of Pampangos. The tribes not registered inhabit the central part of the heights of the Caraballo Mts., and are Igorrotes, Balugas or Negritos, Ibilaos or Ilongotes. In the S. Tagalog is spoken; in the N. and NW. Pangasinan and Ilocano; in the W. Pampango and Pangasinán, although Ilocano and Tagalog are somewhat known. The mountain tribes speak their respective languages, and only those who trade with the civilized natives understand Tagalog, Ilocano, or Pangasinan. The division of Nueva Ecija into pueblos and their respective population according to the census of 1887 is as follows: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 9,707 1,724 1,177 4,560 3,861 702 Nueva Ecija: Aliaga............ Balungao (transferred to Pangasinan). Bongabón.... Cabanatuan Cabiao..... Carranglan Cuyapo.... Gapán ...... Jaén...... Nampicúan.. Pantabangán. Peñaranda ... Puncán.... Rosales (transferred to Pangasinan) San Antonio.... San Isidro .......... San Juan.... San Quintín (transferred to Pangasinan) Santa Rosa Santor. Talavera Umingan. 4,192 10, 216 3, 225 983 614 20, 348 3,509 2,506 9,607 7,936 1,558 8,702 20, 286 6, 415 2.046 1,186 6, 926 3, 491 562 10, 641 1, 785 1, 329 5,047 4,075 856 4,510 10, 070 3,190 1,063 572 3, 435 280 3, 630 4,106 4,706 3,044 3, 817 1,848 1,599 3,216 2,554 279 3,095 78, 747 8,327 282 3,538 4,221 4, 768 2.927 3,761 1,875 1,500 7,168 9, 474 5,971 7,578 3,723 3,099 6,439 5,014 508 5,907 154,795 3,223 2, 460 Valle. 229 2,812 Zaragoza ... Total. 76,048 Estimated, 1901, 156,610. The total number of towns is 28 and villages 118. The most important of the towns are: San Isidro; the capital (subject to change), in the SW., 7 m. E. of the terminus of the boundary between Tárlac and Pangasinan, and the same distance N. of the corner in the boundary between Nueva Ecija on the N. and Bulacan and Pampanga -- GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 703 road leaves this towmpanga Chico-Canaren 20 m. N. by N. of San 7,000 20 m. Nr on the Pampanga Pampanga Grandaaro: Pop., Cn. 18870 on the S. It is also on the l. bank of the Pampanga Grande, 12 m. above the Pam- panga Chico. It is on the main highway of the province and in road communica- tion with all the towns as well as the provinces in the vicinity. The town is well built. Pop., 7,056. Aliaga; on the Pampanga Chico road, 152 m. N. of San Isidro. It occupies an advantageous position toward the crossing into Tarlac, between the Pampanga Grande and the Pampanga Chico. Pop., 17,000. Bongabón; on the l. bank of the Pampanga Grande, 3 m. N. of the junction of the Santor, and 27 m. N. of San Isidro. Pop., 3,848. Cabanatúan; on the main road on the l. bank of the Pampanga Grande, 13 m. N. by E. of San Isidro. Pop., 12,000. Cabiao; on the 1. bank of the Pampanga Grande, 4 m. NW. of the intersection of the Bulacan and Pampanga boundary with the S. line of Nueva Ecija. Pop., 7,924. Cabo; on a tributary of the Pampanga Grande, 12 m. NNE. of San Isidro. Carranglán; at the junction of the tributary of that name with one of the fountain branches of the Pampanga Grande, 49 m. N. of San Isidro. Pop., 1,000. Casanova; on the Pampanga Chico road, 20 m. N. by N. of San Isidro. Cuyapó; on the Pampanga Chico-Canarén-Agno road, 28 m. NNW. of San Isidro. A road leaves this town crossing the boundary stream into Tárlac, where it intersects the Manila and Dagupan R. R. at Paniqui. Pop., 9,350. Gapán; at the junction of several roads, 4 m. E. of San Isidro. Pop., 20,216, the largest town in the province. Hacienda del Valle; on the Cabanatuan-Umingan road, at the crossing of a tribu- tary of the Pampanga Chico, 25 m. N. of San Isidro. Pop., Cn. 1887, 508. Jaén; on the r. bank of the Pampanga Grande, 3 m. N. of San Isidro. Pop., 4,651. Licab; on the Pampanga Chico boundary with Tarlac, 10 m. NE. of Tárlac and 20 m. NNW. of San Isidro. Pop., 5,222. Lupao; at the head waters of a tributary of Pampanga Chico Riv., near the boun- dary of Pangasinan, 41 m. N. of San Isidro. Pop., 608. Nampicúan; a pueblo. Pop., 3,241. Pantabangán; on the 1. bank of the upper Pampanga Grande, 42 m. NNE. of San Isidro. Pop., 1,513. Peñaranda; on the l. bank of the Chico Riv., which enters the Pampanga Grande at San Isidro, and 8 m. ENE. of that town. Pop., 7,700. Puncán; among the headwaters of one of the main tributaries of the Pampanga Chico, 46 m. NNE. of San Isidro. Pop., 501. Samon; near the r. bank of the Pampanga Grande, at the crossing of the main road from Cabanatuan by way of Lupao into Pangasinan, 14 m. N. of San Isidro. San Antonio; near the r. bank of the Pampanga Grande, 5 m. SW. of San Isidro. Pop., 7,269. San José; road center in the N. interior of the province, 35 m. N. of San Isidro. Pop., 852. San Juan de Guimba; on the main road connecting the Pampanga Grande with the Agno, 27 m. N. by W. of San Isidro. An important highway leaves this town, crossing the Pampanga Chico 2 m. S. of the outlet of Lake Canarén, thence extend- ing to Tárlac via Victoria. Pop., 2,994. Santa Rosa; on the l. bank of the Pampanga Grande, 7 m. N. of San Isidro. Pop., 4,324. Santor; on the r. bank of the river of that name, 4 m. N. of its junction with the Pampanga Grande, 27 m. NE. of San Isidro. Pop., 2,921. Santo Tomás; in the central part of the province. Talavera; on the Pampanga-Agno road, at the crossing of a tributary of the Pam- panga Chico, 22 m. N. of San Isidro. Pop., 2,720. Zaragoza; on the trail and road between San Isidro and Aliaga, 21 m. E. of the Pampanga Chico and 11 m. N. by W. of San Isidro. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The waters descending from the mountains form a multitude of creeks, which in themselves and united in large rivers, such as the Pampanga Grande, Chico, Canarén, Agno, Managsac, etc., frequently overflowing, fertilize the fields with deposits brought down by their currents, somewhat after the manner of the Nile in Egypt. The soil is well suited to the cultivation of the best products of the country. In the central and S. parts rice is raised in abundance, more than 500,000 cavanes being exported annually. This constitutes the principal product. Large quantities of corn are also raised. Along the rivers tobacco is cultivated. The tobacco of Gapán brings the 704 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. highest price among the natives. Sugar cane is easily produced, and some planta- tions, where its cultivation is of importance, were provided with steam machinery for manufacturing and refining and with stills for the extraction of alcohol, but nearly all of them have been destroyed by the insurgents. In the N. are lands under irrigation, where rice is cultivated, while others are suitable for chocolate and coffee, the quality of the latter being shown by that which is gathered in the village of Mariquit. In the central part of the province are excellent grazing lands, where the greater part of the cattle for the Manila market are pastured. Along the Pacific coast hemp grows spontaneously in abundance and is of superior quality. MINERALS. There are good indications of gold found in alluvial deposits of all streams. FORESTS. The level part of the province has been almost entirely denuded of forests. In the mountainous region, however, there still stand forests of woods useful in cabinet- making and in the construction of native houses. This province is celebrated as the only one in which grows the calamusart, from the fiber of which the Petaca cigar cases are made. FRUITS. Mangas, chicos, limes, pineapples, papayas, cocoanuts, bananas, oranges, and lemons grow luxuriantly. INDUSTRIES. Nueva Ecija is essentially an agricultural province. While it has many industries devoted to the manufacture of fabrics and articles for domestic use, it has practically no output for export. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. On October 19, 1899, San Isidro was occupied by a force of United States troops as part of the general military operations in the P. I. On February 15, 1902, Nueva Ecija was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Bongabón. Pantabangán. San José. Cuyapo.” Peñaranda. San Juan de Guimba. Cabanatuan. San Isidro.a o Talavera CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Nueva Ecija was created under the provincial-government act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the P. C., June 11, 1901, to include that terri- tory in the island of Luzón heretofore known as the province of Nueva Ecija, except the 4 towns of Umingan, Rosales, San Quintín and Balungao, heretofore incorporated in the province of Pangasinan by act passed February 16, 1901. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor. $1,600 Secretary 1,100 Treasurer. 2,000 Supervisor 1, 600 Fiscal .... 1,500 Allowance for necessary and actual expenses not exceeding $3 per day as pre- scribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet and organize on the third Monday in May and November, to consider improvements needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. The capital con- tinued at San Isidro subject to change by vote of the presidentes at the meeting of November, 1902, to take effect January 1, 1903. Amended by act of May 9, 1902, if * Telegraph. • Telephone. P. O. and M. O, office. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 705 not then determined, to remain the permanent capital. There are also provisions for a vote upon the question of restoring or not the 4 towns ceded to Pangasinan. The provincial board is also authorized to unite with those of Tárlac, Pampanga, and Bulacan and with the manager of the Manila and Dagupan R. R. Co. in the employment of a competent engineer to devise a plan for the protection of roads, agricultural lands, towns, and the Manila and Dagupan R. R. from the destructive effect of floods in the Tarlac, Bambán, and the Grande de la Pampanga Riv., $500 being the limit of expenditure for this province. CONDITIONS. *“ The province has been free from any insurrectionary movement since the estab- lishment of civil government, * * * July 2, 1901. Some of the towns were pes- tered by bands of armed ladrones, and 2 towns were held up. * * * The leader of this band of robbers and many of his men have been captured. * * * The people display considerable interest in their local governments. * * * The har- vest of palay, which is now being brought in, is in quality above the average, although lack of carabaos has prevented the cultivation of much land. Nueva Ecija has had a good fortune this year, and it has suffered very little from the locusts and drought, and, according to my reports, not at all from rinderpest." (Official report of pro- vincial governor of Nueva Ecija, December, 1901.) NUEVA INVENCIÓN (nway'-vah een-vayn- | NUEVA VALENCIA (nway'-vah vah-layn-theeah). theeohn'), Sp.; hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 3, m. Sp.; hamlet on W. coast of Guimaras I., off N. by W. of Barotac Viejo. Iloilo, Panay, 10 m. S. of Nagaba. NUEVA SEVILLA (nway'-vah say-veel-lyah), Sp.; hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 1 m. SE. by S. of Bar- pueblo in SE. part of Negros Oriental, 5 m. otac Viejo. SW. of Dumaguete. Pop., 6,316. NUEVA VIZCAYA, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Nway-vah veeth-cah'-yah, Sp.) Capital: Bayombong, lat. 16° 28' N., lon. 121° 4' 30" E., approximately. Area: 1,075 sq. m. Population: Registered, 19,379; wild races, 41,249; total, 60,628. Race: Pangasinanes, Igorrotes, and several wild races. Language: Ilocano, Pangasinan, and local dialects. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Bayombong to- Aparri, Cagayán, N. by E.. Baguio, Benguet, W. Ilagan, Lepanto, NW. Manila, Luzon, s.. 84 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Nueva Yt is bounded on the N. by Lepapangasinan and Benguet The province of Nueva Vizcaya occupies a geographical position immediately S. of the center of N. Luzon. It is bounded on the N. by Lepanto and Isabela; on the E. by Isabela; on the S. by Nueva Ecija, and on the W. by Pangasinan and Benguet. AREA. This province, including the former comandancia of Cayapa, measures 43 m. from N. to S., 39 m. from E. to w. Area, 1,075 sq. m. or 107,500 a., or but 175 sq. m. larger than Rhode Island. PHYSICAL FEATURES The entire surface is broken by the foothills of the Sierra Madre on the E., the Cordillera Central on the W., and the Caraballo range on the 8. It is traversed by the Magat tributary of the Grande de Cagayán from the SW. to the NE. The flat cultivated valley from mountain to mountain is well irrigated by the tributaries of this stream, along the E. bank of which the soil is sandy and on the W. clayey and more productive. The Gandon or Gaddano Riy., one of the W. tributaries of the Grande de Cagayán Riv., rises on the Llano de Binalang, at the foot of Palali Mt., in the E. part of the province, and finds its way through a defile in the mountain range across the boundary into Isabela province. S. Doc. 280— 45 706 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The highway and telegraph line between Aparri on the extreme N. and Manila on the S., enters this province from Isabela at Diadi, and taking a SSW. direction, enters Nueva Ecija E. of Mt. Mingolit. This road is well cared for and permits of the passage of carriages except in the rainy season, when, on account of floods and the difficulty of managing the rafts in the strong currents of the river, Bayombong, Dupax, and Aritao are cut off from each other. The capital, Solano, and Bagábag have open communication during the rainy season. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The registered population is 19,379; Igorrotes in the mountains to the N., 12,000, estimated; Tinguianes in the NE., 13,000, estimated; Ilongotes or Ibilaos, 4,000, estimated; Isimayas, 10,000; and Ifuagos, of Cayapa, 2,249; total, 60,628, speaking Gaddan, Isinay, Ilongote or Ibilao, and the dialects of the various races of Ifugaos who inhabit the country between Solano and the great central chain. The former comandancia of Cayapa lịes along the slopes drained by the Ambayanan Riv., near the province of Nueva Ecija on the S., with an area of about 254 sq. m. (660 sq. kilometers), and is inhabited by races of the Ifugaos. Its chief towns are San Miguel Arcángel, pop., 2,249; and Santa Cruz de Ana. The division of Nueva Vizcaya into pueblos and their respective population accord- ing to the census of 1887, is as follows: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. Nueva Vizcaya: Aritao... Bagábag.... Bambang... Bayombong Diadi.. Dúpax... Ibung Solano. 618 957 1, 422 1,878 564 905 1,477 1,769 55 1,837 241 2,554 50 1,969 273 2, 731 1,182 1,862 2,899 3,647 105 3, 806 514 5,285 19,300 Total. 9, 903 9, 397 Estimated, 1901, 60,628. o main road, W. of Dúpax, on the oppuras The following are the towns of Nueva Vizcaya: Bayombong; the capital, on the main highway and 1. bank of the Magat Riv., about the center of the province, and surrounded by a productive valley. Pop., 3,691. Aritao; on the main road, W. of Dúpax, on the opposite bank of the W. adjacent branch of the Magat, the Minoli, and 14 m. S. by W. of Bayombong. Pop., 700. Bagábag; on the main road and 1. bank of the Magat, 10 m. NE. of Bayombong. Pop., 1,915. Bambang; on the r. bank of the Magat, on the main road, 72 m. S. of Bayombong. Pop., 3,387. Diadi; on the main road, 2 m. W. of its crossing of the Isabela boundary, 18 m. NE. of Bayombong. Pop., 2, 114. Dúpax; on a trail connecting with Aritao, 5 m. W. on the main road, and 13 m. S. of Bayombong. It lies about midway between 2 of the headwater branches of the Magat Riy. Pop., 2,229. Ibung; at the junction of 2 of the W. tributaries of the Magat, 9 m. NNE. of Bayombong. Pop., 1,097. Solano; the largest town in the province, a military and telegraph station on the main road, 4 m. NE. of Bayombong. Pop., 4,190. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The only crop harvested to any extent is rice, although sugar cane, chocolate, coffee and tobacco are raised, but not in sufficient quantities to meet the needs of the inhabitants. The Igorrotes raise large quantities of beans and other vegetables. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 707 MINERALS. In the mountains are many varieties of stone, including granite, marble, and sand- stone, suitable for building purposes, and which are quarried to a small extent. FORESTS. The most prominent of the woods are narra, molave, canutan, and bagitulan. Resins and gums are also found, but are not gathered, owing to the difficulty of trans- portation. The forests abound in large game. FRUITS. The pineapple, orange, lemon, manga, sapote, and banana grow in both a wild and cultivated state. INDUSTRIES. The industries are of the most primitive character, consisting chiefly of weaving fabrics for domestic use. Although the great highway of Luzón passes through this province there is but little traffic off the main line on account of the difficulty of reaching the interior. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. On February 15, 1902, there were no military garrisons in Nueva Vizcaya. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. A "civil provincial government” was established for the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón, by act of the United States P. C., January 28, 1902. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor.... $2,400 Secretary-treasurer. 1,200 Supervisor........ 1,200 Fiscal (who shall be also provincial fiscal of Isabela)..... 400 These officers are appointed by the civil governor, with the advice and consent of the United States P. C., and hold office during his pleasure. They must reside and have their offices in the municipality of Bayombong, which is declared the capital of the province. The act provides details for the efficient administration of the province, responsibility of officials, promotion of public improvements, suspension in case of disloyalty, dishonesty, oppression, or misconduct in office; the filling of vacancies and the payment of traveling expenses. case of disloPansibility of officials, prietails for the 'efficients declared the capitalhof CONDITIONS. Under the act of April 9, 1902, the pueblos of Nueva Vizcaya not being in condition to organize under the municipal code, a special form of municipal government was enacted specifically for the pueblos of Bayombong, Bambang, Dúpax, Aritao, Solano, and Bagábag, with the same boundaries then existing. Each pueblo designated as a township was divided into barrios for purposes of election, and its government was vested in a president, vice-president, and council composed of one representative from each barrio of the township to be designated "councilor;'' also in each town- ship a secretary, treasurer, and such other nonelective officers and employees as the provincial board should authorize, the president and vice-president to be chosen at large by the qualified electors of the township, and the councilor of each barrio by the qualified electors of the barrio, the term of office for each 2 years. After providing for officers, their qualifications, duties, and compensation, taxation and finance, and other details of administration, provision was made for the non-Christian tribes, which constitute a large majority of the inhabitants of Nueva Vizcaya, by the appointment of officers from among them, with prescribed powers, the placing of 708 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. such tribes on unoccupied public lands and to aid them in the acquisition of knowl- edge and experience necessary for successful local popular government, which, when sufficiently advanced, shall be instituted under the provisions of this act. (Official report of provincial governor of Nueva Vizcaya, December, 1901.) NUIN (noo-in'), ver.; hamlet on SE. coast of Dá- NUÑGAY (noong-i'), ver.; point in S. Sorsogon, vao, Mindanao, 95 m. S. of Dávao. Luzon. NULINGIN (noo-ling'-inn), nat.; creek emptying NUNSINGAN (noon-sing'-ahn), nat.; one of sys- on r. bank of N. arm of Grande Riv. of Min tem of connected lakes in Lanao, Mindanao, danao, Cotabato, Mindanao. lat. 7° 47' N., lon. 123° 46' 39'' E. NULUNCAN (noo-loon'-cahn), ver.; point at SE. NUNUN (noo'-noon), nat.; point extreme N. Ti- end of Biliran I., NW. of Leyte, entering cao I., Masbate, Visayas, and E. approach to Daram Channel. San Miguel port. NUMANCIA (noo-mahn'-theeah), Sp.; pueblo in NUNUYAN (noo-noo'-yahn), nat.; point on SW. Cápiz, Panay, 28 m. NW. of Cápiz, on 1. bank coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, lat. 7° 40' of Akdán Riv., emptying on N. coast, 4 m. N., lon. 122° 39'' E. distant. Pop., 6,123. - inland hamlet of Negros Occidental, on r. NUSA LAKIT (noo'-sah lah-kit'), ver.; wooded shore of Lagasan Riv., 10 m. ESE. of Bago. island 1 m. WSW. of Cabankauan I., off N. coast of Tawi Tawi, Sulu A. - pueblo on one of numerous small inlets on W. coast of Siargao I., off NE. coast of Suri | NUSA TAKBÚ (noo'-sah tak-boo'), ver.; wooded gao, Mindanao, midway between Sápao on island lying 1 m. WSW. of Cabankauan I., off N. and Cambasag on Š., 20 m. E. of Gabo, N. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A.; also navi- extreme SE. point of Dinagat I., 37 m. ENE. gable channel by this name among adjacent of Surigao. Pop., 4,111, reefs. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 709 lag. OAG (oh-ahg'), ver.; mountain in Abra, Luzón. | OCON; islet midway NW. between Agutaya and OANIO-ÁN (oh-ah-nee-oh-ahn'), ver.; island E. of Manamoc I., Cuyos Is., Mindoro Sea, s. of Mindanao. Mindoro. OAQUI (oh-ah'-key), ver.; hamlet near Namacpa- Jamacpa. OCTES (ock-tess'), ver.; river in Laguna, Luzón; OCTE čan, in Unión, Luzón. rises on N. slopes of Majayjay Mt. and emp- ties into Santa Cruz Riv. OÁS (oh-ass'), ver.; pueblo on main road in Al- bay, Luzón, on r. bank of Inaya Riv., 15 m. | OCTOC (ock-tock'), ver.; point on 8. entrance to NW. of Albay, between Ligao and Polangui, Ragay Bay, Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. surrounded by important hemp-growing OCTOG (ock-tohg'), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of country. Pop., 15,987. Romblon, on island of Tablas, E. coast, Rom- - hamlet in Unión, Luzón. blón grp., Visayas. OASUNDLANGA (oh-ah-soon-dlang'-ah), ver.; -point on SW. coast of Ambos Camarines mountain 9 m. WSW. of Borongan, in E. Sá- (Sur), Luzón, on bay of Guinayangan, form- mar. ing with Omón Pt. mouth of Ragay Bay, OBANDO (oh-bahn'-doh), Sp.; pueblo on one of OCRE (oh'-cray), Sp.: point on E. coast line of outlets of Pampanga delta in Bulacan, Luzon, Negros Occidental, opposite Macaboy, N. point 7 m. SE. of Bulacan. Pop., 7,948. of entrance to Escalante Bay. - pueblo in Bulacán, Luzón, on border of ODEL (oh-dayl'), Sp.; small, low, wooded island tidal lake of same name. in W. waters of Basilan grp., S. of peninsula of Zamboanga, Mindanao. OBELISK, for.; hamlet on E. coast of Dinagat I., off NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 6 m. S. of O'DENA, for.; chief town of district of Itaves, Peñascales Pt. Cagayán, Luzon. - landmark on E shore of Dinagat I.. off | ODENETE (oh-day-nay'-tay), Sp.; peak 6,214 ft. high, 20 m. inland, in W. coast range of Min- NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, taking its name from elevation of that form, and famil- danao. Siga tributary of Túbay Riv. rises on iar to navigators of sea channel between its S. slopes. Surigao and Dinagat to N. ports of Mindanao. ODIMARANA (oh-dee-mah-rah-nah), ver.; small - hamlet on NW. coast of Misamis, Minda- river in E. Leyte, entering sea 8 m. S. of Dú- nao, at Dauit Pt. Takes its name from hill of that shape. ODIONG (oh'-dee-ong), nat.; point on E. coast of OBIÁN (oh-beeahn'), ver.; island of Sulu grp., Leyte, 7) m. N. of Hinunangan. Sulu A., lat. 6° 5' 30" N. - hamlet on S. shore of Batán Bay, Cápiz, OBISPO (oh-bees-poh) (bishop), Sp.; river in Panay, 4, m. SW. of Batán. Cavite, Luzón, flowing NE. and emptying - hamlet of Negros Occidental, 7 m. E. of into bay of Manila. Ginigaran. - river in Batangas, Luzon, rising in N. side - point on E. shore of Leyte. of Batulao Mt., flows sw. and unites with ODIONG NUEVO (oh-dee-ohng' nway'-voh), waters of Caitinga. Hisp.; hamlet in Negros Occidental, 8 m. NE. OBOG (oh-bohg'), ver.; mountain in Ilocos Norte, of Ginigaran. Luzon, NE. of Bangui. ODIONGAN (oh-deeong'-ahn), ver.; hamlet of OBON (oh'-bohn), ver.; point on SW. coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, on E. coast, 6 m Negros Occidental, at N. entrance to bay N. of San Dionisio. 101 m. S. of Inayauan. - pueblo on Romblon I, Romblon grp., Visa- OBSERVATION, for.; islet, cluster of rocks off yas. extreme SW. point of Bongao I., Tawi Tawi ODIONGON (oh-dee-ong'-ohn), ver.; creek and grp., Sulu A. anchorage on Tablas I., Romblon grp., Vi- OBSERVATORY, for.; rocky point 758 ft. high, sayas. in bay on W. side of Malubutglubut I., off ODIUNGAN (oh-dee-oong'-ahn), nat.; town on NE. coast Paragua, Palawan, so named on small bay on central w. coast of Tablas I., account of observations taken there by offi Romblon grp., Visayas. Pop., 5,924. cers of "Royalist" British surveying party; ODOC (oh-doc'), ver.; hamlet in SW. Sámar, on lat. 11° 302 N., lon. 119° 39'' E.; northwestern- E. shore of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 10 most of Linapácan chain. m. SE. of Basey. - rock 45 ft. high upon which geographical -point on SE. shore of San Pedro and San position of Ulugan Bay, lat. 10° 6' 11" N.. Pablo Bay, SW. Sámar, 12 m. SE. of Basey. ion. 118° 46' 24" E., W. coast of Palawan. O'DONNELL, for.; pueblo in Tarlac, Luzon, 14 m. OBUNG (oh-boong'), nat.; point on W. coast of SW. of Tarlac. Pop., 1,988. Marinduque, lat. 13° 20' 10" N. OESTE (oh-ess'-tay), Sp.; extreme W. point of OCAN, or BINAY (oh'-cahn, bee-nigh'), ver.; point Balábac I., off s. extreme of Palawan (See on N. coast of Samar, 5 m. ESE. of Palápag. West Pt., that island.) OCCIDENTAL (oke-thee-dayn-tahl'), Sp.; system - hamlet on W. shore of Dumanquilas Bay, of mountains in W. Mindanao. on S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 841 m. - system of mountains in W. Mindoro. NE. of Zamboanga. OESTE DE BANARAN (ch-ess-tay day bah-nah'. OCÓ (oh-coh'), ver.; islands in Cuyos grp., Min- rahn), Hisp.; channel in Tawi Tawi grp., doro Sea, off S. coast of Mindoro. Sulu A. OOON (oh-cohn), ver.; N. point of Ragay Bay, E. OESTE DE BASIBULI (oh-ess'-tay day bah-see- shore of Ragay Gulf, Ambos Camarines boo'-lee), Hisp.; channel in Tawi Tawi grp., (Norte), Luzón. Sulu A. 710 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. OGAD (oh-gadd'), nat.; town in pueblo of Don- | ONÁS (oh-nass'), nat.; point on extreme sw. sol, on SW. coast of Sorsogón, Luzon, on r. shore of Sámar, 5 m. E. of Balangiga. shore of mouth of river of same name, 18 m. - islet in inlet S. of Hipudiós, E. of Balan- SW. of Albay. giga, S. coast of Sámar, Visayas. - river in Sw. Sorsogon, Luzón, OÑATE (oh-nyah'-tay), Sp.; islet on channel OGMUG (ohg-moog'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of opening E., between Dinagat and Mindanao, Palompon, Leyte, on W. coast. off NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. OHET, for.; small tributary of Ulut Riv., Sámar. ONDOY (on-doy'), ver.; hamlet in NW. Cápiz, OKA (oh'-cah), ver.; islet N. of Imarúan I., in Panay, 2 m. SW. of Ibajay. Cuyos grp., Mindoro Sea, off S. coast of Min- ONJON (on-hohn'), ver.; extreme NW. point of doro. Tablas I., Romblon grp., Visayas, with small OKAYÁN (oh-cah-yahn'), ver.; point on SE. coast island lying off shore. 00T, or LANIGAN (oh-ot', lah-nee'-gahn), ver.; of Palawan, NE. of Coral Bay. point at N. of narrow neck of land, 4 m. NW. OKBOK (auk-bohk), ver.; hill or isolated cliff of Pambujan, N. coast of Sámar. with flat top, 2 m. E. of Batán port and bay, Cápiz, Panay. OPAC (oh-pack'), ver.; point in Zambales, Luzon. OLANDAN (oh-lahn-dahn), nat.; point on S. coast OPOL (oh-paul'), nat.; pueblo on SW. shore of of Mindanao, lat. 6° 1' 15 N., lon. 124° 36' Macajalar Bay, Misamis, Mindanao, on small 39 E. bay 6 m. W. of mouth of Cagayán Riv. - point 2 m. NE. of Misamis, W. shore of OLANGO (oh-lahn-goh), ver.; island 5 m. NE. to SW. and is mwide, off Sw.coast of Cebú, Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. situated in mid-channel 2, m. SE. of Mactán, | OPOL, or OPOT (oh-paul', oh-poht'); bay 6 m. toward Bohol. W. of mouth of Cagayán Riv., Misamis, Min- danao. Anchorage in front of town of Opol, OLANIVAN, or LAMBUL (oh-lah-neel-vahn, lahm- N. coast of Mindanao. bool'), ver.; wooded island . sq. m. in area, 60 ft. high, off N. end of Sarangani I., of cluster OPON (oh'-pohn), ver.; pueblo on W. shore of of that name, and 7 m. SE. of Guay Pt., on ex- Mactan I., across channel and opposite treme S. end of Davao, Mindanao. Headland Cebú. Here Magellan was killed in 1521, in of approach to E. entrance of Sarangani conflict with natives, after making first pas- Strait, 13 m. NNE. from N. point of Saran- sage across Pacific. Pop., 11,506. gani I. - island near W.coast of Leyte, lat. 10° 21' N. OLAYAN (oh-lah'-yahn); hamlet on extreme W. | OPONG (oh'-pong), ver.; river in Sámar. coast of Samar, 2 m. SW. of Villarreal. OQUENDO (oh-kayn'-doh). Sp.; pueblo in W. OLD CASTLE, for.; point at E. extreme of Silanga central Sámar in dividing hills of Sagarag Bay, S. shore of Maytiaquid I., off E. coast of and Sanglay, whose drainage on one side flows Paragua, Palawan, N. of Taytay Bay. N. into Pacific Ocean, and SW. into Darám OLLON (oh-lyon'), Tag.; river in Laguna, Luzón, channel, Visayan Sea, 36 m. NW. of Catbalo- rising in mountain on N. of Majayjay and gan. Pop., 5,200. empties into Pagsangan Riv. OQUI (oh-key'), ver.; river in pueblo of Bangued, OLO (oh'-low), nat.; river in Luzón. Abra, Luzón, and tributary to Abra Riv. OLOAG (oh-loh-ag'), ver.; hamlet in SW. Sámar, ORÁ (oh-rah'), nat.; river in Catanduanes I., NE. of Albany, Luzón, and empties into sea 9. m. NE. of Basey. on N. coast. OLOAGUSON (oh-loh-ah-good-sohn), ver.; moun ORAAN (oh-rah'-ahn), nat.; island in Sulu grp., tain in SE. Mindanao. Sulu A., lat. 5° 41' N. OLOLOO (oh-law-law'-oh), Tag.; point on S. coast ORAL (oh-rahl'), Sp.; hamlet of Negros Occiden- of Batangas, Luzón, lat. 13° 36' N. tal in NW. foothills of Malaspinas Volcano, OLONGAPÓ (oh-lon-gah-poh'), ver.; E. harbor of 17 m. E. of Valladolid. Súbic Bay, Zambales, Luzón. ORÁN (oh-rahn'), Sp.; pueblo 71 m. inland from - pueblo, p. o., and m. o., on SE. shore of W. shore of Davao Gulf, Davao, Mindanao, Súbic Bay, Zambales, Luzón, near boundary 144 m. WSW. of Dávao. with Bataan. ORANI (oh-rah'-nee), nat.; river in Pampanga, - point on W. shore of Subic Bay, in Zam- Luzon, rises on S. slopes of Arayat Mt. and bales, Luzón. empties into NE. shore of Manila Bay. OLONGO (oh-lon'-goh), ver.; hamlet on l. bank - pueblo and p. 0. in Bataan, Luzón, on r. of river entering on N. coast of Misamis, bank of river of same name, at its entrance Mindanao, E. of Pt. Suauan, 184 m. SW. by W. into Manila Bay on NW. shore, 7 m. N. of of Cagayan de Misamis. Balanga. Pop., 6,400. OLORAN, or ALORAN (oh-loh'-rahn, ah-loh'- - river in Bataan, Luzon. rahn), ver.; town of importance on W. shore ORÁS (oh-rass'), nat.; river 24 m. long, rising in of Iligan Bay, Misamis, Mindanao. (See mountains of NE. Sámar and taking SE. Aloran.) course, receiving numerous tributaries, enters OLUTAÑGA (oh-loo-tang-ah), ver.; low island estuary of Pacific Ocean at town of same covered with mangroves, 114 m. E. and W., name; passage between Tubabat and Hila- 94 m. N. and S., and having area of 36 sq. m., ban I. is 2 m. wide. Small sand islet with S. of central peninsula of Zamboanga, Min- bushy top lies at entrance to river and high danao, between Dumanquilas Bay on E. and wooded bluff to E. Anchorage has 5 fms. of opening of Sibuguey Bay on W.; channel water. Boats drawing 6 ft. may go up to separating it from mainland is only practica- town, leaving islet on port hand. ble for boats. - inlet and point in E. Sámar. OLUTAYA (oh-loo-tah'-yah), ver.; island off N. - hamlet in pueblo of Catubig, Sámar, on E. coast of Cápiz, Panay. (See Lutaya.) coast, lat. 11° 10' 15'' N. OMAGONGONG (oh-mah-gon-gong'), ver.; hamlet - river in Sámar, lat. 12° 20' N., flows SE. on S. shore of bay in SE. Sámar, 2 m. N. of and empties into sea on E. coast. Quinapundan. - point on S. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. OMBOC (ohm-bohk'), ver.; bay on Sw. shore of - pueblo on N. shore of bay which receives bight of Cápiz, Panay, N. coast, 2 m. SE. of waters of river of same name in E. Sámar. Pirara Pt. Pop., 5,667. OMON (oh-mohn'), nat., point on SW. coast of - point and village on tongue of land pro- Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon, W. of pueblo jecting into Putiao port, on NE., SW. coast of of Ragay. Sorsogón, Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 711 VARIATION NEARLY.... .......1'03' (1901) ..STATIONARY Uw wwwblume Wh Mini w Malagai MAC A JALAR BAY omen mmmmmm wul 71 mm Opol WATAHIN MINDANAO OPOL ANCHORAGE ť Lat.8°32' (00)N._Long. 124 34(257) E. Nautical Miles H ESIS 712 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. OREJAS DE LIEBRE (oh-ray-hass day leeay' | OSCARIZ (os-cah-reeth'), Sp.; town in Isabela, bray), Sp.; 2 islands in chain trending NE. to Luzon. SW. in NW. waters of Basilan I., off S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. OSLOB (os-lob'), ver.; pueblo and point on SE. coast of Cebú, 62 m. SW. of Cebú, and 4 m. ORELLANA (oh-ray-lyah'-nah). Sp., hamlet on W. SW. by S., 4 m. from Yuisan Pt; has white coast of Antique, Panay, 2 m. S. of Patnon fort visible at distance. Pop., 6,013. gón. ORIENTAL (oh-ree-ayn-tahl'), Sp.; range of OSLOT (os-loht'), nat.; point on E. coast of Cebu, lat. 9° 34' N. mountains in E. Mindanao. - range of mountains in E. Mindoro. OSTRAS (os'-tras), Sp.; creek and point on W. coast of Palawan. - islet about 10 m. off E. coast of Palawan, OT, or LAUIGAN (oht), ver. (lah-wel-gahn), nat.; lat. 8° 58' N., lon. 118° 32' 39" E. point on E. coast of Sámar, lat. 11° 35' 20" N., ORIGÓN (oh-ree-gohn'), ver.; point at extreme Ion. 124° 58' 59'' E. N. point of Tablas I., Romblon grp., Visayas; OTAKE (oh-tah-kay), ver.; bay between Bulac 2 islands, one i, other m. in extent, lie and Angas Pts., W. shore of Albay, Luzon. respectively NW. and N. by E. of point. OTÁLORA (oh-tah'-low-rah), Sp.; peak on SE. ORION (oh-ree-ohn'), Sp.; river rising on N. sides coast of Calamián I., Calamianes grp., be- of Mariveles Mt., flowing NW., and empty- tween Paragua (Palawan) and Mindanao, in- ing into W. side of Manila Bay, in Bataan, land from Goroa Pt., and important headland Luzón. approaching island-strewn Corón-Calamián - pueblo and p. o. town on W. shore of Ma channel from SE. nila Bay, at Pandán Pt., 7 m. SE. of Balanga, OTAY (oh-tie'), ver.; mountain in N. part of cen- Bataan, Luzón. Pop., 10,373. tral range of Negros Occidental, 17 m. W. of - peak in Caraballo Sur, Bulacán, Luzón. Calatrava, E. coast. ORMAD (or-mud'), ver.; river rising on E. side of - hamlet in mountains of central range of Cordillera Central, empties into sea 11 m. N. Negros Occidental, 81 m. SE. of Murcia. of Argao, coast of Cebú. OTEIZA (oh-tay'-thah), Sp.; pueblo on NW. shore ORMOC (or-mock'). ver.; large bay E. of Calu- of Lianga Bay, E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, nangan Pt., SW. coast of Leyte, in NW. part of 99 m. SE. of Surigao. Pop., Cn. 1887, 1,541. which is Porto Bello. Town of Ormoc lies on OTEROS (oh-tay'-raws), Sp.; hamlet on small bay NE. shore. receiving waters of river 5 m. SE. of Laguan, - pueblo, lat. 10° 59' 48' N., lon. 124° 33' 36" on N. shore of Sámar. E., on NE. shore of bay of same name, on S. OTÓN (oh-tohn'); pueblo on bank of river on SE. coast of Leyte, 343 m. SW. of Tacloban, near coast of Iloilo, Panay, 6 m. W.of Iloilo. Pop., shore on slope of Aslum Mt., and is sur- 13,633. rounded by breastwork of stone with 3 ruined forts. Pop., 8, 107. - name by which interinland waters of ORMOT (ohr-moht'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Visayan grp. are known. OTUCAN (oh-tool-cahn), ver.; hamlet in Lepanto, Palompon, on W. coast of Leyte. Luzón, 6 m. NE. of Cayán. Pop., 381. ORO (oh'-raw). Sp.; river rising in 2 branches in S. spur of Malolo Mt., uniting near coast, en- QUINAUAN (oh-we-nah'-wahn). ver.; hamlet on ters at head of bay on SW. shore of Polillo W. coast of Samar, lat. 12° 11' 15" N. I., off coast of Infanta, Luzón. Polillo, chief OYANGUREN (oh-yahn-goof-ren), Sp.; pueblo on town of island, lies on W. bank of its mouth. 1. shore of Davao Riv., Dávao, Mindanao, 12 OROC (oh-rock'),ver.; mountain with sharp peak, m. NW. of Davao. at N. entrance to Iloilo Strait, SE. coast of OYAUE (oh-yah'-way), ver.; hamlet in SW. Iloilo, Panay, serving as mark for E. end of Iguano Panay, 4 m. SW. of Igbarás. shoal. OROQUIETA (oh-roh-key-ay-tah), Sp.; pueblo OYÓN (oh-yohn'), nat.; bay N. of Masingloc and and p. 0. åt mouth of small river entering E. of Bani Pt., central coast of Zambales, Iligan Bay on W. shore of Misamis, Mindanao; Luzón. red harbor light is displayed in front of mu - point E. head to Masinloc port, Zambales, nicipal building; approximate position, lat. Luzon. 8° 31' N., lon. 123° 44' E., and leads to good anchorage. Pop.. 9,000. OYSTER, for.; S. inlet SW. of Rita I., affording sheltered anchorage, on W. shore of Ulugan ORTEGA (or-tay'-gah), Sp.; hamlet in Cápiz, Bay, trending 17 m. WNW, on W. coast of Panay, at junction of headwater branches of Paragua, Palawan. Fine quality of oysters important stream, 3 m. S. of Libacao. are found on bank of mud and rocks which OSAADA (osah-ah-dah), island of Sulu grp., fringe shore. Inlet affords excellent anchor- Sulu A., lat. 6° 3' 30' N. age for steam vessels. (See Ostras.) GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 713 PHILIPPINE ISLANDS WEST COAST OF LEITE ORMOK ANCHORAGE From a survey, in November, 1900, by Lieut. C.M.Knepper, U.SN.. of the U.S.S. Isla de Cuba, Commander P. Garst, U.S.N, commanding +Church, Lat, 10' 59*(48) N.-Long. 126 33 (36)E. TOWN OF ORMOK 01.000 to 12,000 inhabitants) + Church 75 00 17 05 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 715 PAANDICÁRAO (pah-ahn-dee-cah-rah-oh), Tag.; PADADA; point on E. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, hamlet in Bulacán, S. Luzón, 14m. n. of Mindanao; S. head to small bay leading up Bulacán. to hamlet of same name. PAANG BATÓ (pah-ahng' bah-toh'), nat.; hamlet | PADARA (pah-dah-rah'), ver.; point on NE. on NE. coast of Cebú, 2 m. N. of Bogô and at shore of Davao Gulf, Davao, Mindanao. E. outlet of Canal de Daijagon. PADIDU, or PULANGI (pah-dee-doo, poo-lahng'- PAAY (pah-i'), ver.; river entering sea on W. ee), nat., creek emptying on r. bank of coast of Mindoro, 5 m. NNW. of Santa Cruz. Upper Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, PABAG (pah-bahg'), ver.; mountain in Sámar. Mindanao, near Upper Pagalungan. PABANGÁN (pah-bang-ahn'), ver.; hamlet in PADLAHÁN (pad-lah-hahn'), ver.; river in Leyte. Lepanto, Luzón. PADNANUNGAN (pad - nah-noong'-ahn), ver.; PABLO (pah'-bloh), Sp.; mountain hamlet of point on E. coast of Cagayán, Luzon. Iloilo, Panay, 8 m. E. of San Joaquín. PADRE (pah'-dray), Sp.; point on NW. shore of PABOLONGAN (pah-boh-long'-ahn), nat.; point Balábac I., Balábac grp., off SW. end of Moro Palawan, and s. headland of W. entrance to on w. coast of Masbate I., Visayas, lat. 12° 19' 30 N. Candaraman inlet. PACAGSÍN (pah-cag-seen'), Tag.; hamlet in PADRES (pah'-drays), Sp.; N. channel by Dinaik Nueva Ecija, Luzon, on road and 1. bank of I., of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Upper Grande de la Pampanga Riv., 28 m. NE. Cotabato, Mindanao. of San Isidro. PADUA (pah'-dwah), Sp.; town at headwaters of PACAHÁN, or HABANG (pah-cah-hahn', hah- W. tributaries of river emptying into bay S. of Sicayac Pt., on NW. coast of Misamis, Min- bang'), ver.; point on SE. shore of Albay, Luzón. danao, 16) m. S. of Dapitan. (See Blanca Pt.) PACAI (pah-kie'), nat.; island in NE. part Tapul PADULOG (pah-doo-log'), ver.; point of Sibuyán grp., Sulu A. (See Paqua.) I., Romblon grp., Visayas. PACAO (pah-cow'), ver.; small river on S. shore PAET (pah-ayt'), nat.; extreme S. pt. of Sámal I. of Masbate I., Visayas, emptying into Gulf of and divisional headland between E. and W. Asid near Palabao Pt. arms of Davao Gulf, S. coast of Dávao, Min- danao. PACAPATEÓN (pah-cah-pah-tay-ohn'),ver.; ham- let on W. shore of entrance to Lampón port, PAETE (pah-ay'-tay), Tag.; town on main road in 8 m. S. of Binangonan de Lampón. Laguna, Luzón, 71 m. NE. of Santa Cruz. In vicinity is produced best lansón (lanzón) PACASAN (pah-cah-sahn), ver.; port on Sw. fruit in islands. Pop., 2,887. shore of Parasan I., off w. coast of Sámar. PAGAANHÁN (pah-gah-ahn-hahn'), ver.; point PACATANG (pah-cah-tahng'), nat.; mountain in on NE. coast of Sámar, 6 m. SW. of Sila Pt. S. Leyte, 3 m. SW. of Malitbog. PAGÁBAT (pah-gah'-baht), nat.; hamlet in Si- PACCI (pac-see'), ver.; point on W. coast of An- buyan I., Romblon grp., Visayas, lat. 12° 2' N., tique, Panay, 1 m. S. of Sebaste. on Sw. coast. PACDUHANAN (pac-doo-hah-nahn), ver.; moun- PAGADBÁN (pah-gad-bahn'), ver.; river and tain in NW. Leyte. hamlet at its mouth, SW. coast of Negros PACIFIC, for.; ocean waters which wash E. shores Oriental, 7 m. W. of Bayauan. of P. A., from Batanes Is. in extreme N. to PAGADIAN (pah-gah-deel-ahn); bay on W. side Sarangani I., S. of coast of Davao Pen., Min- of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. (See Pa- danao, near extreme s. international bound- garian Bay.) ary of United States possessions in E. Asia, from lat. 5° 21' 30" to 21° 6' 30" N., or from PAGAGUAYAN (pah-gah-gwah'-yahn), nat.; one ocean channel connecting Pacific and Célebes of Cuyo Is., Mindoro Sea, between Matrabis, Sea (Dutch possessions) on S. to Bachi chan Cuyo, and Cocora Is., lat. 11° 5' N. nel, between Pacific and China Sea (Japanese PAGAHAT (pah-gah-haht/), ver.; hamlet in E. possessions) on N. Bohol, 2, m. SW. of Batuanan. PACLUYABAN (pah-cloo-yah-bahn), ver.; lime- PAGALAC (pah-gah-luck'), nat.; village on SW. stone island approaching Bacuit Bay, NW. coast of Sibuyan I., of Romblon grp., Visayas. coast of Paragua, Palawan, S. of Miniloe. PAGALAMATON (pah-gah-lah-mah'-tohn), nat.; creek entering on r. bank of S. arm of Grande PACO, or SAN FERNANDO DE DILAO (pah-coh: Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao. Tag.; sahn fayr-nahn'-doh day dee lah'-aw). Hisp., district in Manila City, Luzón, on 1. PAGALÍN (pah-gah-leen'). ver.; hamlet on E. bank of Pasig Riv,, 2 m. E. of Manila. Lies shore of bay, 2 m. SE. of Guindulman, Bohol. E. of Ermita and Malate, with which it is con PAGALUNGAN (pah-gah-loong'-ahn), nat.; point nected by fine road. Has church and convent and hamlet in s. Mindanao. and general and town cemeteries. Population town on l, bank of N. arm of Grande Riv. is almost wholly of artisans skilled in native of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao, 2 m. below workmanship and laboring class. their junction at Tumbao. PACO (pah'-coh); hamlet on S. coast of Leyte, PAGALUNGAN, UPPER (pah-gah-loong'-ahn), 2 m. E. of Maasin. nat.; village on r. bank of Upper Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, near boundary of PACUBALO (pah-coo-bah-law), nat.; island near Lanao, Mindanao. N. coast of Ambos Camarines Norte); area 2 by 1 m., lat. 11° 22' 20' N. PAGÁOAN (pah-gah-oh-ahn), ver.; mountain in Ilocos Norte, Luzón. PADADA (pah-dah'-dah), ver.; hamlet on W. shore of Dávao Gulf, Mindanao, 38 m. S. of PAGAPÁC (pah-gah'-pack), nat.; point on SE. Dávao. shore of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. 716 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PAGAPAS, or SAN PEDRIÑO (pah-gah'-pass, Tag.; | PAGLALASUGAN (pah-glah-lah-soo'-gahn), ver.; sahn pay-dree'-nyoh, Sp.); creek in SW. Ba point in Sámar. tangas, Luzon. PAGLICANGAN (pap-glee-cahng'-ahn), ver.; point PAGÁPAT (pah-gah'-pat), nat.; hamlet in pueblo in E. Mindanao. of Quipayo, on r. bank of river, on main road, PAGLULUBAN (pagh-loo-loo'-bahn), nat.; village Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 6 m. N. of on N. coast of Lubang I., few miles SE. of Nueva Cáceres, lat. 13° 37' 40" N. Lubang. PAGARÍAN (pah-gah-ree'-ahn), nat.; bay on NW. PAGNAGATAN (pahg-nah-gah'-tahn), nat.; island shore of Illana Bay, on S. coast of Cotabato, off S. coast of Mindoro, in lat. 11° 50' 30" N. Mindanao. Dupulisan Pt., on SW. shore, is lat. 7° 43' 48" N., lon. 123° 25' 45" E. (See Pa- PAGODA (pah-goh'-dah), Sp.; celebrated cliff in gadían.) SW. Moro Palawan, 5, m.inland from Marasi Bay, 2,016 ft. high, with table summit on 2 PAGAS (pah'-gass), ver.; extinct volcano in cen- clefts, which form pinnacles at either extrem- tral mountain system of Panaón I., off SE. ity. Cliff rises immediately above plain. (See coast of Leyte. Tagararas Mt.) PAGATPAT (pah-gaht-paht'), nat.; village on NW. PAGOL (pah-gaul'), ver.; town of Nueva Vizcaya, shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. Luzón, near W. bank of Magat Riv., 13 m. N. PAGATUNGAN (pah-gah-toong'-ahn), nat.; ham of Bayombong, by road. let near 1. shore of Pulangui Riv., 2 m. after PAGONIPA (pah-goh-nee'-pah), ver.; smallstream it crosses Misamis border, in Cotabato, Min- emptying into Tolón Bay, on SW. coast of danao. Negros Oriental, 2 m. S. of Tolón. PAGAUANÉN (pah-gah-wah-nayn'), ver.; point S. PAGQUIPUTAN (pahg-key-pool-tahn), nat.; point of Custodia Pt., W.coast of Paragua, Palawan. on W. shore of strait of that name, 6 m. N. of PAGBABACNÁN (pag-bah-back-nahn'), ver.; ex Dávao, Mindanao; covered by trees and dense treme S. point of Homonhón (Malhón) I., off mangrove; coast runs nearly NNW. for 91 m. SE. coast of Sámar. and then NE. as far as Hijo Riv.; low, isolated PAGBABAHONAN (pag-bah-bah-haw-nahn),ver.; hill presenting 8 distinct peaks and only land- mountain in island of Leyte. mark on coast rises between Panacan Riy. and Lacsan. PAGBABAJAN (pag-bah-bah'-hahn), nat.; point on W. coast of Albay, Luzón, lat. 13° 11' 30'' N. - strait 15 m. wide at its narrowest stretch between mainland of Davao, Mindanao, and PAGBABANGUNAN (pah - bah - bang - 00' - nahn), Sámal I. and 9, m. long; connects NW. arm of nat.; river in Sámar. Dávao Gulf with its extreme N. waters, and PAGBAGNÁN (pahg-bahg-nahn'), nat.; pert on W. is navigable for large vessels throughout, but coast of Sámar, sheltered from NE. winds, in for sailing vessels only under most favorable lat. 11° 51' 30" N. conditions, as it is too narrow for a vessel to - point on W. coast of Mindoro and s. head- work in. land of S. bight of Mamburao Bay, 94 m. SE. PAGSABÁN (pagh-sah-bahn'). ver.; tributary of by E. of Tubile Pt. river rising in Sigarag Mt., enters sea on SW. - point on W. of China Sea coast of Mindoro coast of Samar. 11 m. ESE. of Tubile Pt. | PAGSABANGA (pahg-sah-bahng'-gah), nat.; point - river in Mindoro. and town on N. shore of Laguimanoc Bay, S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. Peak 154 ft. high PAGBILAO (pag-bee-lah-oh), nat.; bay and port rises to NE. between Bantiqui Pt. and Pagbilao I., inlet PAGSAMACANAN (pahg-sah-mah-cah-nahn), on NW. shore of Tayabas Gulf, S. coast of nat.; bay on N coast of Cagayán, Luzón, Tayabas, Luzón. formed by Cape of Engaño on .. and point - pueblo 6 m. E. of Tayabas capital, Luzon, NE. of Palaui I. In N. lie numerous rocks. 1 m. inland on small stream emptying into PAGSÁN (pahg-sahn'), ver.; mountain and river head of one of estuaries of Tayabas Bay, near in Abra, Luzón. Angas Pt. Pop., 5,756. PAGSANGAHAN (pahg-sahng-ah'-hahn), Tag.; PAGBILAO CHICO (pag-bee-lah'-oh cheel-coh), Hisp.; 1 of 2 islands in opening to Capulaan river emptying into Gulf of Ragay on SE. shore of Tayabas, Luzón, at Tasa yan Pt. Bay, inlet of Tayabas Bay, on sw. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. (See Pagbilao Grande I.) PAGSANGAJAN (pahg-sahn-gah-hahn), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Baybay, on W. coast of PAGBILAO GRANDE (pahg-bee-lah'-oh grahn' Cebú. day), Hisp.; island off W. coast of Tayabas, PAGSANJÁN (pahg-sahn-hahn'), nat.; pueblo in Luzón, of triangular form nearly joined to Laguna, Luzón, 4 m. E. of Santa Cruz. Pop., mainland, having bays of Pagbilao (W.); and Laguimanoc (E.): Mt. Mitra on NE. is 285 6,327. ft. high; Pagbilao Chico is united to larger - river of Laguna, Luzón, emptying into La- island by strip of sand forming to W. bay of guna de Bay, 5 m. N. of Santa Cruz. Capaluan at mouth. - hamlet in N. Sámar, on river, 14 m. sw. of PAGBÍN (pahg-been'), ver.; hamlet on SW, shore Pambujan. of great bight on N. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A., - hamlet 1 m. N. of mouth of Bac-hao Banga- 12; m. E. of Sulu. hón Riv., in SW. Sámar. PAGBULUNGAN (pahg-boo-loong!-ahn). nat.: | PAGTAPANAN (pahg-tah-pah'-nahn), Tag.; point point and inner head on N. side of Nin Bay, W. on S. coast of Bataan, Luzón, W. of Pt. Cochi- coast of Masbate, Visayas. Mountain of same nos, lat. 14° 26' N. name, 472 ft. high, liesm. to NE. PAGTINÁN (pag-tee-nahn'), ver.; hamlet in S. PAGDANAM (pahg-dah-nahm'), ver.; peninsular central Bohol, 7 m. WSW. of Sierra Bullones. head of reddish aspect at N. extreme of that | PAGUALÚAN (pah-gwah-loo'-ahn), ver.; river bay, NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. and bay of Negros Oriental, 1 m. S. of Jima- -- bay between Reef Pt. and Pagdanam Pen., lalud, E. coast. 2 m. across entrance and same length. Hills | PAGUIRIRA (pah-gee-reel-rah), ver.; point in SE. of same name rise 2,000 ft. at back of bay. Albay, Luzón. - peninsula along Imurúan Bay 81 m., form- PAGUL (pah-gool'), ver.; hamlet on SW. coast of ing cortinuous sand beach with small rocky Dávao, Mindanao, 99 m. SW. by W. of Dávao heads here and there, NW. coast of Paragua, and 6 m. NW. of Bacud Pt. Palawan. Coast thence is bold and rocky for 2 m., beyond which sand beach 3 m., thence PAGULAYA (pah-goo-lah'-yah), Dat.; point on rocky to Emergency Pt. SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, lat. 10° 58' N. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 717 Kuu ubagang Rod 2@£Taguma Submerged reef Vio 49 152 134 164 132 98 108 Coral *65) Banks A Dupulisan Pt VARIATION l' 13' .9900) NEARLY...........STATIONARY SOUTH COAST ILLANA BAY PAGARIAN BAY INCLUDING TIGUMA AND DUPULISAN ANCHORAGES Pt.Dupulisan, Lat. 7° 43 38 N. Long 123 25(45)E. Nautical Miles 718 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PAGÚN (pah-goon'), Tag.; mountain in Marin- | PALAJAMPÁS (pah-lah-ham-pass'), nat.; river duque I., off Tayabas coast of Luzon. rising in E. slopes of central range in Negros PAGUNHULAN (pah-goon-hoo-lahn); mountain Occidental, and, flowing E., empties into sea in extreme S. Leyte, 5 m. SW. of Malitbog. at San Carlos, 6 m. S. of Calatrava, E. coast. PAHALANG (pah-hah-lahng'), Tag.; peak in PALALAGOYA (pah-lah-lah-goh'-yah), nat.; point on E. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Minda- Caraballo Sur, Bulacan, Luzón. nao, opposite Misamis. PAHAT (pah-haht'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Sorsogon, Luzón, on l. bank of river, on E. PALALI (pah-lah'-lee), ver.; mountain in W.cen- coast of Port Sorsogon. tral Leyte, 4 m. S. of Carigara. PAIBAI (pie-by'), ver.; hamlet on NE. coast of PALAMATÁ (pah-lah-mah-tah'), nat.; ranch on l. Cebú, 3 m. sw. of Daan-Bantay. (See Pay- bank of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, pay). Cotabato, Mindanao. PAIBOC (pie-bock'), ver.; town in central Sámar. PALAMPAD (pah-lam-pad'), ver.; mountain in NE, Misamis, Mindanao, 5 m. SW. of Palan- PAÍNAN (pah-ee'-nahn), nat.; village on 1. bank pán and 6 m. SE. by S. of Agusan, on S. shore of N. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cota- of Macajalar Bay. bato, Mindanao, near its mouth. PALAN (pah-lahn), nat.; point on S. shore of PAIQUET (pah-ee-kayt), nat.; hamlet of Ben- Libás port, N. of San Julián, E. coast of Sámar. guet, Luzon, 54 m. N. of Trinidad. Pop., 622. PALANABÁHAY (pah-lah-nah-bah'-high), nat.; PAÍQUID (pah-ee'-kid), nat.; hamlet in N. cen- mountain in Mindoro I. tral Sámar, 6 m. S. of Catubig. PALANAGA (pah-lah-nah'-gah). ver.: hamlet 12 PAÍRAN (pah-ee'-rahn), nat.; suburb on N. side m. S. of mouth of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., W. of Cebu, Cebú, Visayas. Leper hospital is be- coast of Sámar. tween Paíran and Mabolo to NE., i m. from PALANAN (pah-lah'-nahn), nat.; hamlet in SE. either point. corner of Isabela, E. coast of N. Luzon, on S. PAITUDLAND (pie-tood-lahnd'), ver.; point on S. shore of Dilásac Bay, 58 m. SSE. of Ilagan and shore of Pasijan I., SW. of Camotes Is., off 15 m. NE. by N. of Casiguran. Has small trade W. coast of Leyte, lat. 10° 35' N. with settlements in fastnesses of connecting PAÍUAN (pah-ee'-wahn), ver.; hamlet at extreme spurs between Sierra Madre and Grand Cor- of delta of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, and 31 dillera Oriental Mountain trail through m. N. by W. of Cotabato, capital of that proy defiles of coast Sierra, distance of 144 m. W., ince, Mindanao. makes headwaters of E. branch of central or PAJAR (pah-har'), Sp.; peak 826 ft. high on cluster name stream of Cagayán Riv. In their NW. of summits in SW. of Bongao I., Tawi Tawi and S. course toward Ilagan both trail and river, which is navigable for boats, take in I., Sulu A. (See Vigía Mt.) number of towns and hamlets and considera- PAJÚAN (pah-hoo-a hn), nat.; summit 226 ft. on ble agricultural population. SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. - Pacific coast pueblo in Catalanganes, Isa- bela, Luzón, at head of tortuous stream PAJUMAJAN (pah-hoo-mah'-hahn), ver.; island emptying into spacious bay of same name. 112 ft. high, 1 m. E. of Bas-Bás, off E. coast of Mountain trail takes W. direction over lofty Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. Off S. shore are 2 great ridges of Gran Cordillera Oriental, or E. rocks named Pamakalan and Pamagbaran. coast range; strikes headwaters of Masagan PAJURINAN (pah-hoo-reel-nahn), ver.; point in- Riv. at distance of 12 m. This stream is trib- side entrance on S. shore of Albay Gulf, in utary of Pinacanauan, which joins main cur- Albay, Luzón. rent of Grande de Cagayán Riv. at Ilagan, PAKIÁ (pah-key-ah'), ver.; island of Tapul grp., capital of Isabela Palanan (at this point Sulu A., one of 7 islets, 41 m. E. of Tapul and Aguinaldo was located and captured) is only off NW. shore of Cabingaan I. town, except Casiguran, of any size on Pacific coast of Luzon between Baler and Cape Enga- PALA (pah-lah), Sp.; largest of off-lying islands ño, therefore seaport for coast trade in prod- of Sulu I., Sulu A., and fronting Tutu Bay; ucts of this region. In direct line Ilagan is 5 m. in diameter 36 m. W. by N. from coast at Palanan. Pop., - point on SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzon, with 1,137. Sandoval Pt. forming bay of Catanauan. - inlet in Isabela, Luzón. round hill on N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón, - inlet in Mindoro I. inland from point of that name and E. of - river in Isabela, Luzón, rising at foot of Clavería town. Sierra Madre, lat. 17° 2' 30" N., flows E. and - hamlet in central Pampanga, Luzón, 74 m. empties into bay of same name. NW. of Bacolor. - bav on E. coast of Isabela. Luzón, in lat. hamlet in Bontoc, Luzón, on S. slopes of 17° 32' N., and receives river of same name. Mayoyao Mt., on tributary of Magat Riv., 17 PALANAS (pah-lah'-nas), nat.: inland hamlet of m. SE. of Bontoc. Negros Oriental, 3 m. NW. of Tanhay. PALABAO (pah-lah-bah'-aw), ver.; point on E. - river on S. coast of Leyte, entering sea 2 shore of Gulf of Asid, Masbate I., Visayas. m. SE. of Albuera. PALÁBIG (pah-lah'-big), Tag.; point on sw. - mountain in W. part of Leyte. coast of Tayabas, lat. 13° 27' 20 N. - pueblo on E. shore of Masbate I., Visayas, PALACPACAN (pah-lahc-pah'-cahn), Tag.; lake in 25 m. SE. of Masbate. Pop., 2,749. Laguna, Luzon, near Calauan, near Maypake - mountain in NW. Sámar. Lake, and abounds in fish. - mountain in SW. Sámar. PALADI (pah-lah'-dee), ver.; hamlet in Samar, 4 - point on SW. shore ot Libás port, SE. of m. S. of Catarman. Libás, E. coast of Sámar. PALANGAN (pah-lang'-ahn), Tag.; hamlet in PALADY (pah-lah'-dee), ver.; small tributary Cavite, Luzón, 18 m. SSW. of Cavite. entering stream near its mouth in Magat Riv., in Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. PALANGI (pah-lang'-ee), ver.; hamlet 8 m. SSE. of Catarman, Sámar. PALAG (pah-lag'), nat.; creek in SE. Ambos PALANGUITÍN (pah-lahn-gee-tin'), ver.; point in Camarines (Sur), Luzón. Zambales, Luzón. PALÁGAC (pah-lah'-gack), nat.; hamlet in low- PALÁNOC (pah-lah'-nock), ver.; hamlet 1 m. SE. lands of Pampanga, Luzón, 14 m. E. of of Paranas, on Maqueda Bay, W. coast of Bacolor, Samar, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 719 Senat i PORT PALAPA ATREVIDA OoryINwZ ir 12 KAYAG BA TAG I. LA GUAN LA GUAN Palapas ACUAN CHA Megye: 2 * BAY SAMARI utca Miles 720 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PALÁNOG (pah-lah'-nog), ver.: pueblo and port | PALASPÁS (pah-las-pass'), nat.; point on NE. NE. of Masbate I., Visayas, lat. 12° 22' 10' N., shore of entrance to Laguimanoc Bay, SW. lon. 123° 35' 58" E. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. PALANPÁN (pah-lahn-pahn'), nat.: mountain in PALÁTAG (pah-lah'-tag), Tag.; hamlet on W. NE. Misamis, Mindanao, 12 m. inland from shore of bay of Aquí, Concepción, Iloilo, Agusan, town on SE. shore of Macajalar Bay. Panay. PALANQUITAS (pah-lahn-key-tas), Sp.; point in PALATON (pah-lah'-tohn), ver.; point on S. side, Zambales, Luzon. (Also Palanguitín.) opposite Japitan Pt., on small bay at Barili, PALAOCO (pah-lah-oh'-coh), ver.; hamlet in NW. E. shore of Tañón Strait, W. coast of Cebú. Sámar, 6 m. S. of Bobón, on N. coast. PALATÚAN (pah-lah-tool-ahn), ver.; bay to E. of PALAOPAO (pah-lah-oh-pah-oh), ver.; mountain Putiao port, on SW. shore of Sorsogon, Luzón. in Tablas I., Romblon grp., Visayas. PALAUANAS (pah-lah-wah'-nass), ver.; hamlet PALAPÂ (pah-lah-pah'), nat.; channel and in Sw. Sámar, 8. m. ENE. of Basey. mountain in N. Sámar, lat. 112° 26' N. PALAUI (pah-lah'-we), ver.; river of Cagayán, - port on N. coast of Sámar, with good an Luzón, rising in mountains which form Cape chorage in heavy weather in 5 fms., W. and Engaño, flows N. and enters great bight on N. S. of SE. point of Cahayagan I., formerly coast on its E. shore, NNE. of Pt. Duir, lat. 180 Batag I., N. 35' N. PALÁPAG (pah-lah'-pag), nat.; pueblo on N. coast - point opposite N. coast of peninsula of prov- of Samar, 57 m. across island from Catbalogan. ince of Cagayán, Luzón, extending to NE. Pop., 5,802. and forming Engaño C., lat. 18° 35' N. - port formed by Batag I. on E and Caha- - island 6 by 3 m. area, moderately elevated yagan and Laguản Is. on W., off N. shore of NW. of and connected with NW. point of Sámar. large promontory, which forms mainland of - point on W. coast of Sibuyán I., Romblon NE. peninsula of Cagayan and N. extremity grp., Visayas. of Luzón. Off N. coast of island lie Hermanas Is. Palaui I. is first mainland of Luzon ap- - point on extreme W. coast of Lubang I., proached from China mainland and Formosa WSW. of Sala Pt., NW. end of island. on W. and NW., rounding Cape Engaño for - channel entering Laguán channel, off NE. ports on E. coast of Luzón. coast of Sámar. PALÁUIG (pah-lah'-wig), ver.; pueblo at point PALÁPAI (pah-lah'-pie), nat.; bight and point to of that name in Zambales, Luzon, 8 m. NW. NE. on NW. shore approaching Panlatúan of Iba Pop., 2,584. port, SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. point on coast of Zambales, Luzón, in front PALAPALAN (pah-lah-pah'-lahn), ver.; river en- of town of that name. tering on E. shore of Sarangani Bay, S. coast of Davao, Mindanao. inlet in Zambales, Luzón. PALÁPAT (pah-lah'-pat), ver.; small stream PALAUIT (pah-lah-wit'), nat.; hamlet on W. coast emptying into sea on sw. coast of Negros of Sámar, 3 m. SE. of that point. Small river Oriental, 6 m. NW. of Siaton Pt. of that name enters little cove with 30 ft. PALASAN (pah-lah'-sahn), nat.; narrow island near shore. From this point coast, SSE. 7 m. 3 m. off E. coast of Polillo I., off E. coast In- to Malayoc, is rocky. fanta, Luzon, -point on S. side of mouth of Canaguayan - island 5 m. N. and S. and 2 m. E. and W., Riv., W. shore of Sámar I. 2 m. off E. shore of Polillo I., off E. coast In - hamlet in Zambales, Luzón, on 1. bank of fanta, Luzon. stream of lat. 15° 26' N. PALAWAN, ISLAND OF. (Pah-lah-wahn, nat.) Chief towns: Paragua, Taytay, lat. 10° 49' 30'' N., lon. 119° 3030' E., approxi- mately; Moro Palawan, Puerto Princesa, lat. 9° 41' 30" N., lon. 118° 45 E., approximately. See Paragua and Moro Palawan. Area: 4,368 sq. m., mainland; 358 sq. m., dependent islands; total, 4,726 sq. m. Population: 50,000. Race: Paragua, Visayan; S. Palawan, Moro. Language: Paragua, Visayan, Tagbanúa, and Malayan dialects; S. Palawan, Moro-Malayan or Moro-Suluano, allied to the Moro dialects of Mindanao and Sulu. Military Department of Visayas: "Including all of Paragua, E. Palawan, and adjacent islands.” * * * G. 0. 98, Sept. 3, 1902. LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The island of Palawan (native and present name) or Paragua (Spanish) is the western and southwesternmost and one of the largest of the P. A., extending NE. and SW. between the parallels of lat. 8° 22' N. and 11° 25' N., and E. and W. between the meridians of lon. 117° 9' E. to 119° 43' E. On account of its geographical posi- tion the island is one of the most important in the P. A. It is bounded on the N. by the Calamianes chain, with Busuanga, the largest of those islands, intervening toward Mindoro 129 m.; on the E. by the Mindoro Sea, with Panay, Negros, and Mindanao opposite; on the S. by the United States island of Balábac and British North Borneo, 93 m., and on the W. by the China Sea, Indo-China lying opposite. It separates the China from the Sulu or Mindoro seas, the channels connecting them being Mindoro Strait (N.) and Balábac Strait (S.). The W. line of international boundary of the United States possessions parallels the W. coast from Cape Buliluyan to the 10th parallel from 25 to 34 m., and thence due N. from 46 to 105 m. at Cape Cabuli, off the mainland. Cap VARIATION NEARLY AZ ADO) STATIONARY PORT PALANOG som nung er bei Dast berat hee-*** NORRIS PETERSCHOTO-UTHO WAWINGTON DC S Doc 2.80 57 1 PUERTO PRINCESA. From the United States naval station. CUYO ISLAND, CUYOS GROUP, MINDORO SEA. The town of Cuyo is the capital of the province of Paragua. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 721 AREA. The island is 278 m. NE. to SW. and from 41 m. to 30 m. NW. to SE, in width, long and narrow, averaging 17 m., and constituting an area of 4,726 sq. m., lacking less than 200 sq. m. of the area of the State of Connecticut, being over twice the size of Delaware and nearly four times that of Rhode Island. Depend- Popula- Province. Governments. Capital Area. Main Lent islands. land. tion. Sq.m. Palawan, S. of lat. 10° N..... Military ...... Paragua, N. of lat. 10° N..... Provincial.... Puerto Princesa .. Cuyo, Cuyos grp.. Sq. m. 3,091 1, 635 Sq. m. 1 3,002 1,366 89 25,000 25,000 269 358 Total. 4,726 14,368 50,000 PHYSICAL FEATURES. and Mantot which theary to the tends to the A system of mountains begins at Caluit with a summit 2,230 ft. high in the extreme N., and follows the trend of the coast, reaching an elevation of 6,843 ft. at Manta- lingahan peak in the S., and maintaining an average from 2,500 to 3,000 ft. throughout, dividing the island into 2 distinct watersheds, that to the E. into the Sulu and to the W. into the China Sea. Between these summits spread elevated tablelands and along the coast numerous valleys and plains. Pagoda cliff, of limestone formation, rises immediately above a plain which extends across the island, separating the Bulan- jao and Mantalingahan ranges. Connected with the latter is a high ridge with many peaks, of which the most conspicuous are Panalingahan, or Hat and Fin. Of the smaller ranges tributary to the main central one may be mentioned Malanut, which begins near Tagbayug and extends to the S.; the Pulute, rising about the mid- dle of the previous range and extending perpendicularly to it for 20 m. to the S., then inclining to the W., and the Bulanjao, which rises near Coral Bay and extends to the NE. 25 m. The rivers are all short, but of some importance. The Iguáhit has its source in the Aldea range, flows through the village of the same name and empties into the bay of Port Royalist (Puerto Princesa) on the E. The Carúray, having its source on the E. side of the central mountains, empties into the China Sea near Mag- danán Bay. The Canipan empties into the bay of the same name on the SW. shore, and the Pirate into the bay of San Antonio on the SE. coast. A lake in the N. opens to the sea by means of a subterranean river. CLIMATE. The climatology of the island divides into two seasons, the W. or SW. monsoons, generally corresponding to the winter in temperate latitudes, and the dry or NE. monsoon to the summer. These not only regulate the humidity, but the extremes of heat. On the coast in many places malarial fevers are common. BAYS AND HARBORS. In a commercial point of view the mainland forms, with the island of Balábac, the strait of that name, through which, at certain seasons of the year, sailing vessels are compelled to pass and steamers take for shelter this course, being known as the “Palawan passage." The coast is indented with many fine sounds, gulfs, and bays, notably Malampaya Sound on the NW. coast, which is without rival in the Philip- pines in the characteristics essential to a great naval station. The best known other ports are: Binunsalián; on the E. coast. Aldea; E. coast. Puerto Princesa; on the E. coast. A fine port, well sheltered and easy of entrance, with deep water 1} m. across. On the E. coast near the shore is a depth from 5 to 7 fms. It has a light-house. Ulugan; on the W. coast, near S. boundary with S. Palawan. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are no regularly built roads, except a few portages, but a number of horse and foot trails. Many of the rivers, although short and often violent in the rainy season, have much importance as furnishing means of transportation near the coasts. S. Doc. 280— 46 722 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The transportation of the products of the island, especially to the coast, is by men by means of bamboo baskets fitted to the back of the bearer, where it is held in place by a thong round the neck and 2 more over the shoulders and under the arms. POPULATION AND TOWNS. Owing to the roving lives of the coast inhabitants and the inaccessibility of many of those in the mountains, the estimates of population vary. The official figures of 1887 give 5,543. A former governor estimates the Christian inhabitants in the N. part of the island not to exceed 10,000, and the Mohammedans dwelling on both coasts of the S. part at less than 6,000. Others figure a total from 28,000 to 30,000. The native population can be divided into 4 well-defined groups: The Tagbanúas, the most numerous of all, who are distinguished for their sociable and peaceful natures. They inhabit the part of the island between Inagahuan and Dalig on the E. coast and that between Ulugan and Apurahuan on the W. coast, living in hamlets along the banks of the rivers, and somewhat resembling the Mohammedan Malays of Mindanao, though not professing the same religious belief. They are about 6,000 in number. The Negritos, who can be distinguished on account of their darker com- plexion, curly hair, and better physical development, who inhabit the mountainous regions lying between Babuyan and Bulacán on the E. coast, and number about 1,500 individuals. The Manguianes, a little-known people, who inhabit the territory of the Moros and prevent them from trading with the outside world. Physically they are more like the Tagbanúas, but in matters of custom resemble the Moros. They number about 4,000 individuals. The Tandulanos, who inhabit the E. coast between the bays of Malampaya and Carúray and are believed to number about 1,000. Spanish is spoken by the few Spaniards living in the island; Moro-Suluano is most generally used in Palawan, though each one of the 4 groups cited has its own special language. Along the coasts are many settlements of Malays attracted thither by the more favorable conditions of gaining a living by gathering forest or sea prod- ucts or the raising of supplies for barter with passing vessels. In the N. sections are tribes of Bulalacauanos, and on the E. coast Tandolanos and Tanitianos. The latter are given at 2,500 in number. In the S. parts the Moros dominate and in the central and N. the Tagbanúas, a docile race, and in the mountains of the N. the Battaks. The Tagbanúas are a cross with the Negritos, the understatured black aborigines of the archipelago, and the brown-skinned Malay, the hair having a tendency to curl, the men wearing clouts and the women the native camisas of cloth from the waist to the knees. The population of Eran and the neighboring districts on the SW. coast of Palawan, estimated some years ago at 750, consists chiefly of Dusuno, or hill people, with a mixture of Malays, the head of whom styled himself Panjiran. They collected beeswax and cultivated small tracts of land. The forest races, particularly the Tag- banúas, also engage in the collection of honey and wax, which they bring down to the coast and barter for the merchandise of commerce. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The waters of the coasts of the N. end of Palawan are strewn with numerous islands, the largest, Dumarán, having an area of 128 sq. m. Off the S. coast- the islands are few and small. The Balábac group lies to the SW. The depends ent islands will be found under the subdivision to which they belong. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The valleys are covered with luxurious vegetation. The staples are rice, tobacco, nutmegs, sweet potatoes, cocoanuts, and other food products for home consumption. Large numbers of goats and fowls are raised and bartered with the ships along the coast. MINERALS. This island, although in its central ranges of volcanic formation, is not among the reputed mineral-bearing regions of the Philippines. Gold is reported to exist in the gulches of the middle ranges. Lead and antimony in the form of pyrites are found. There are indications of iron, copper, and sulphur. The formations of slate and granite are extensive, but the latter is reported to be soft and porous. The coral rock so abundant is manufactured into lime. FORESTS. The mountain sides to their summits are covered with extensive forests of valuable woods. Forests of the most valuable cabinet dye, medicinal, and building woods, including ebony, narra, sandal, logwood, camphor, rattan, bamboo, ipil (a very hard GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 723 wood, turning out logs 80 to 90 feet long), calantás (a species of cedar), camagón, molave, banaba, alopai, amuguís, arsonan, apiay (unknown in Luzon), cisbe, mansa languín, gum mastic, copal, and other resins exist in abundance. Dammar, a vege- table gum, which exudes from a large tree, in many places is found in deposits in the earth. These deposits, both in Palawan and Mindanao, are known to be very extensive, but have never been fully worked. The Fragosa peregrina, known to the natives as urung, from which gum mastic is obtained, until late years was unknown in the Philippines. A number of valuable forest trees found here are unknown elsev. here in the archipelago. The mangrove swamps also furnish the bacauan, tangal, and longhoray, which the natives utilize. The rattan is an impor- tant article of export from Puerto Princesa, and nipa palm completely covers the banks of the rivers and estuaries. FLORA. the natives as urinilippines. A number The mangrove swane rattan is an impithe The island, besides its forests and shrubs, abounds in the mountain regions in plant life of an extensive and varied character, including ferns, orchids, and pitcher plants of numerous species, many entirely new to science. Among these is a trailing variety of pitcher plant, also a giant species, the pitchers of which will hold a pint and a half of water. FAUNA. The wild animal life of Palawan is not very varied nor extensive, especially among the mammals. The birds are of rather novel species. The porcupine is a choice article of diet. The jungle fowl caught in snares is also a delicacy. Of the monkey species there are many varieties, also the pakdá or big ape. The alligator is a common denizen of the lakes and swamps. The reptile family is well repre- sented. The pythons attain an almost incredible size, specimens 22 ft. 6 in. in length and weighing 375 lbs. having been secured. FRUITS. All the fruits of the islands grow luxuriantly. INDUSTRIES. Owing to the excellent pasture, cattle, carabaos, goats, and hogs are raised in large numbers. The deep caverns on the coast abound in the celebrated nests of the swift known to commerce as salangane. These edible bird's nests of Palawan are regarded as second only to those of Peñón de Corón (q. v.) and have brought in the Chinese market $4,000 a picul, or twice their weight in silver. The little shells used as money at many points on the mainland of Asia are gathered on the shores of some of the dependent islands. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The occupation of Palawan took place during the early military expeditions for the possession of the S. islands of the archipelago, a garrison being established at Puerto Princesa, and still maintained February 15, 1902. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The establishment of civil government took place on June 23, 1902, by the exten- sion of the provincial-government act to that part of the island lying N. of the 10th parallel of latitude. (See Paragua.) That part of the island S. of the 10th parallel known as the Country of the Moros is without civil government. HISTORY. The island of Palawan prior to Spanish occupation was part of the sultanate of Borneo. In the early part of the 18th century the Spaniards settled the N. end as a protection of their insular dominions to the N. from the Mohammedan Moro buccaneers, who had already established a foothold in the S. A few years later the Sultan ceded the island to Spain. A garrison was located at Taytay. In 1885 the Spanish Government, under royal order, began the establishment of mili- tary posts for the protection of settlements anticipated under terms of exemp- tion from tribute for 6 years, free transportation, seeds, and implements. The provinces of Ilocos Norte and Sur were ordered to send 25 native families each 724 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. year to Palawan, the inducement being the cancellation of all debts, transportation for themselves and cattle, 3 hectares of land, and to be supported for 6 months, each adult to receive 2 chupas (1} pints) and 10 centavos and each child 1 chupa of rice each day. A scheme of building highways and the opening of free ports was also proposed. The entire scheme, however, failed. The next attempt was by convict settlements. The Spanish authority, however, was only recognized along the coast, the tribes inland being in a most abject state of savagery. PALAWAN, MORO (S. of tenth parallel). (Pah-lah-wahn, nat.) Chief town: Puerto Princesa, lat. 9° 41' 30" N., lon. 118° 45' E., approximately. Area: mainland, 3,002 sq.m.; dependent islands, 89 sq. m.; total, 3,091 sq. m. Population: 25,000. Race: Moro. Language: Moro-Malayan, Moro-Suluano. Military Department of Visayas, “including all of Paragua (Palawan) and adjacent islands." G. O., 98, September 3, 1902. Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay. Table of distances. From Puerto Princesa to Catbalogan, Sámar... Iloilo, Panay ...... Manila, Luzón.. Sulu, Sulu .... Zamboanga, Mindanao. m. 460 146 377 300 306 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. Moro Palawan, which includes the S. portion of the island of that name, is bounded on the N. by Paragua, the line of separation being the 10th parallel of latitude; on the E. by the Sulu Sea; on the S. by the Balábac group, from which it is separated by a narrow channel between Cape Buliluyan, the extreme SW. point of Palawan, and Pandanan, the most N. of the Balábac group, and on the W. by the China Sea. The international line of boundary of the United States possessions on the W. parallels the coast at a distance of from 25 to 34 m. AREA. The Moro portion of Palawan is 158 m. from NE. (10th parallel) to SW. (Cape Buliluyan), and from 8 to 25 m. from the Sulu Sea coast on the E. to the China Sea coast on the W:, with an average of 19 m., and an aggregate area of 3,002 sq. m. mainland and dependent islands, near the coast, 89 sq. m.; total, 3,091 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The center of this part of Palawan is traversed by a range of mountains of considerable altitude, the most important peaks, beginning at the N., being Mt. Herschel, 2,316 ft. high; 2 peaks to the SW., 3,680 and 4,260 ft.; Mt. Stavely, inland from Puerto Prin- cesa, 3,030 ft.; a peak to the SW., 3,000 ft.; Brow Shoulder, near the W. coast, 3,840 ft.; another SE., 5,000 ft.; Victoria Peak, inland from Calver Pt., on E. coast, 5,680 ft.; Sultan Peak, inland from Mantacwin Bay, 3,820 ft.; Pulute Range, inland from Island Bay, 3,067 ft. ; Calibugón, 1,793 ft.; Gantung, 5,868 ft.; Mantalingahan, NW. of Ipolote Bay, 6,843 ft.; and Bulanjao range, 3,500 ft. The latter is within 25 m. of the extreme S. point of the island. There are no less than 84 summits from 1,000 to 6,843 ft. in height. The mountains fall rapidly toward the shore on both coasts, although in some parts, particularly in the vicinity of Washington Head, on the SW., the coasts are bold and rugged. There is no river system, the streams being short, swelling into torrents during the rainy season and diminishing into rivulets during the dry. BAYS AND HARBORS. This portion of Palawan, particularly on E. coast, is deeply indented with large bays; off W. coast the bays are smaller and for distance of 29 m. from coast depth rarely reaches 100 fms., about 40 fms. being the average. Among important bays on E. coast, beginning at N., are: Deep; with from 3 to 24 fms, and open to E. winds. Puerto Princesa, or Port Royalist; a land-locked harbor with from 10 to 24 fms. ote > Harbor Alpha CHEKA SEA PALAWAK EAST COAST PORT ROYALIST SPAUS) RX. (YEREMCEEA DE ASTURIAS Surveyed by Cana! VI. B sed by UCB CBellode WW C .. 1850 The Pole P L . 142.55E. 1994 THE NORRIS PETERS CO.PHOTO-LITHO WASHINGTON S Doc 280.57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 725 Village; S. of Masterson Pt. Mantacwin; sheltered by Flat I. Island, or Bahía de Las Islas; so named on account of the large number of islands. Depth from 41 to 40 fms. Crawford Cove; S. of Island Bay. Ipolote; N. of Pinauasan Pt. San Antonio, or Rocky; with from 7 to 29 fms. Coral; on extreme S. of E. coast, anchorage sheltered by several small islands. On W. coast proceeding N.: Canipan, Simubut, and Sepangow; 3 bays between Pinos (N.) and Alimudín (S.), a distance of 11 m. Marasi, Eran or Cran; Tagbayug, or Tebeyu, and Treacherous; S. of Deep Bay Pt. Between these are numerous inlets. LIGHTS. Fixed light is shown from Obando Mole, Puerto Princesa, in wooden tower 13 ft. high, upper part white and lower part red; also at Tide Pole Pt., lat. 9° 43' 43' N., lon., 1180 427 12" E.; fixed 43 ft. above level of sea, visible 3 m. from tower painted white. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are no roads, the villages on the coast and in the mountains being connected by paths. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The inhabitants have never been enumerated either by census or parochial regis- ter. Puerto Princesa, the largest and most important of the towns, had but 1,345 inhabitants under the census of 1887. It is estimated that the population of the 16 towns and villages will not exceed 25,000. The inhabitants are almost wholly Moros, descended from the early Arab adventurers, with a mixture of Malay blood, and professing the Mohammedan religion. The language is Moro, with an infusion of Malayan, Mindanao, and Sulu dialects. All the towns, as far as known, are situated on the coast, the most important being: Puerto Princesa, or Port Royalist; the chief town of Moro Palawan, on the E. coast, 18 m. S. of the dividing line with Paragua. It has a light-house. During the Spanish domination it was a penal colony, and was beautified by penal labor. There is no good water, the town supply being brought from the Iguáhit Riv., across the bay. Population under the census of 1887 was: Men, 759; women, 586; total, 1,345. A parish register gave 3,121 parishioners in the pueblo; the government farm is located outside of the town. Among the other towns are Inagauan, Aboslan, Aboabo, Marangas, on the E. coast; Apurauan, Malanut, Calasian, Simagup, Canipan from N. to S. on the W. coast. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The coasts of Moro Palawan are clear of islands of geographical importance. The following are the names of those lying near the coast, but not to include the Balábac group, which lies off the SW. extreme of the island. (See Balábac group). sq.m. Anchorage; an inlet in the N. opening of Bahía Honda or Deep Bay, E. coast. (See Fondeado I.) Arena; an island off the E.,coast. (See Malanao I.) (Also called Maltby.) Arrecife; E. coast, NW. of Úrsula, one of the many islands of Bahía de las Islas. (reef) an islet off Coral Bay, the extreme SE. coast. 3 islands of small size lie to the BW., S. of Rawnsley Pt., extreme SE. coast....... ............................. Balausungain; several islands under that name, off the W. coast, Sw. of Maragi Bay, surrounded by islets, rocks, and reefs. Básic; the most S. of the cluster of the islands in the Bahía de las Islas, E. coast.................. Binunsalían; an islet off the point of that name, E. coast. Bowen; islet off N. point of Bugsuc I., NE. of Cape Disaster, Balábac, in the channel between Bugsuc and the extreme SE. coast of Palawan, Calizas Escabrosas; a cluster of small islands on the W. coast. Caña; E. coast in front of the N. entrance to Puerto Princesa. Capias; a low lying island on the W. coast, 1 m. off shore, covered with scrub, and 6 m. N. of Cape Buliluyan. Cataquin or Rasa; E. coast ENE. of Divaque Pt., 2 m. off the mainland. Comei, Comeian or East; a low islet with off-lying rock, E. of Nose Pt. and S. of the opening to Island Bay. -2 islets off the SE. coast, S. of Island Bay. (See East.) Cono; W. coast, in front of Bolalo Bay. East: 2 islets off the SE. coast, S. of Island Bay. (See Comei, Comeian). Fondeado, or Anchorage; an islet in the N. opening of Bahía Honda, E. coast (q.v.). Fraser; one of a number of small islands and rocks in Honda Bay, N. of Puerto Princesa, E. coast. 726 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Sq.m. Gallina, La; W. coast, one of several scattered inlets in front of the bay, just N. of Herschel Mt. Gardiner; the most SW. of the islets in Bahía de las Islas, NE. of Scott Pt., SE. coast. Hen and Chickens; a cluster of islets and rocks between Table and Bluff Pts., on the W. coast, Mt. Herschel, 2,316 ft. high rises inland to the S.; Mt. Peel rises 3,600 ft. high, to the NE. Hierba; W. coast, low, in a bay 24 m. from Hummock Pt. Island Bay; E. coast. (See Bahía de las Islas.) Mackesi; one of a number of small islands and rocks in Honda Bay, N. of Puerto Princesa. Macobu; W. coast, N. of Manglar I. and terminating in a conical cape. Macoda; one of 4 islands in the S. approach to Tagbayug Bay, W. coast. Malanao, or Arena, or Maltby; E. coast, SE. of Aldea Bay, similar to Rasa I. and same size, and NE. of Aboslan, on the mainland to the SW...... Malapacun; W. coast, 3 m. W. and im. SW. of Hummock Pt., and 11 m, off the mainland, of medium height, S. of Tagbayug Bay, and covered with forests... Malapina; W. coast, just inside the Strait of Bloqueo. Maltby; an island off the E. coast. (See Malanao.) (Also called Arena.) Manglar; W. coast, low, in a bay 24 m. from Hummock Pt. Maricahan; off the W. coast, in the S. channel to Tagbayug Bay. Mariquit; off the W. coast, in the S. channel to Tagbayug Bay.. Masinloc; on the W. coast, E. of Tapintan. Meara; one of a number of islets in Honda Bay, N. of Puerto Princesa, E. coast. Nacoda; W. coast, near Hummock Pt. Palm; several small islands off Treacherous Bay, SW. coast. Pico, or Peaked; 2 small islands on the SW. coast, SW. of Port Apurúan. Brow Shoulder Mt., 3,840 ft. high, lies inland to the NE. Pirata, or Pirate; an islet off the SE. coast, in the S. approach to San Antonio Bay..... Pollos, Los; one of a few scattered islets in front of the bay, N. of Herschel Mt., on the W. coast. Ramesmey; the most S. of a number of small islands and rocks in Honda Bay, N. of Puerto Princesa. Rasa, or Cataquin, or Sombrero; an island of some size, E. coast, ENE. of Divaque Pt. or Casuarina Pt., on the E. coast, off the mainland, 4 m. from NE. to SW. and 2, m. from NW. to SE......... 6 Reef; an islet of Coral Bay, off the extreme SE. coast. (See Arrecife.) Sand; an island surrounded by shoals S. of Native Pt., SE. coast, and E. by N. of Flat I. Sepulcro; near the cape of the adjacent island of Nacoda, W. coast. Sombrero; off the E. mainland, E. of Casuarina Pt. (See Rosa or Flat I.) Temple; the most N. of the islands in Bahía de las Islas, E. coast. Tres Picos, or Camungayan; W. coast, 12 m. NNE. of the cape on the NW. extremity of Palawan. Triple Cima (triple top); in the opening of Tagbayug Bay, W. coast, 162 ft. high. Tuft; the most S. of a cluster of islands in the S. end of Deep Bay, E. coast. Úrsula; E. of Bowen, off E. coast. Total, 85 named, together with many charted but unnamed. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The soil is fertile and produces good crops of rice, tobacco, and sweet potatoes, but only for home consumption. Nutmegs and cocoanuts are also among the natural products. MINERALS. Gold is reported in the gulches of the loftier mountains; also lead, antimony, cop- per, sulphur, slate, and granite, but whether in commercial quantities scientific exploration will determine. FORESTS. The forests are luxuriant in growth and possess many varieties of valuable woods, including dyewoods, camphor, bamboo. (See Palawan I.) FRUITS. Manga, mangosteen, and other fruits of the tropical latitudes of the archipelago grow in abundance. INDUSTRIES. The chief occupation of the inhabitants is raising cattle, carabaos, and goats. The valleys and mountain sides afford excellent pasture. The mechanical industries are confined to primitive manufactures for home use. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. Puerto Princesa was occupied by United States troops during the earlier movements of occupation in the S. islands of the archipelago. On February 15, 1902, Moro Pala- wan was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Puerto Princesa. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. In the extension of the provincial-government act," by act of June 23, 1902, to the island of Palawan, all that portion S. of the 10th parallel of latitude was excluded from the provisions of the act, remaining without civil provincial government. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 727 PALAWAN PASSAGE, for.; in 1850 Captain Bates, PALMA (pahl-mah), Sp.; pueblo in Benguet, of H. M. surveying vessel Royalst, sonducted Luzón. an experimental survey of Ecoast of Pala- PALMA BRAVA (pahl'-mah brah/-vah), Sp.; north- wan, with view to ascertaining practicability ernmost of Panubigan cluster, off E. coast of of sailing route for vessels between Singa- Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. Between it pore, Manila, and Hongkong, in preference to and Curúan Pt. is small anchorage. usual passage on W. when late in monsoon. Adoption of what is known as "Palawan | PALMAS (pahl-mass), Sp.; mountain in lat. 14° Passage” in preference to China Sea route on 35/ 10 N., lon. 121° 12' 9" E., on former E. side followed. Passage from Singapore to boundaries between Mórong and Manila, China by E. coast of Palawan and Luzón Luzón. during strength of monsoon is made particu PALMERAS (pahl-mayl-rass), Sp.; settlement on larly by sailing vessels in December, January, 1. bank of Iuáhit Riv., E. coast of Moro Pala- and February, these being months of gales, wan, immediately S. of Puerto Princesa. thick weather, and rains, lasting 2 or 3 days. Vessels, sail and full-powered steam, leaving PALO (pah-loh), Sp.; hamlet in Bulacan, Luzón, Singapore Strait and coasting w. shore of 9 m. NE. of Bulacán. Borneo, enter Sulu Sea by Balábac Strait, be -pueblo and important road center on shore tween Balábac I. (United States) and N. of Camiris Bay, on E. coast of Leyte, at mouth Borneo (British possessions), and following E. of Malo Malo Riv., 6 m. S. of Tacloban, with coast of Palawan leave Mindoro Sea by Min which it is connected by road and with other doro Strait, thence passing Lubang I. on star coast and inland towns to S. and W. Pop., board. Vessels are within 83% m. of Manila 17,736. and about 800 m. from Hongkong at this - point on E. shore of Ragay Gulf, in Albay, point. Superior advantages of position of Luzon, lat. 13° 15' N. Manila over Hongkong with reference to navigation, as well as to commerce between - river in E. Leyte. Singapore and ports of China, Japan, and PÁLOG (pah-log), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Bu- Corea, are fully established by Palawan Pas- cay, Abra, Luzón, lat. 17° 25' 30 N. sage. PALAYAJAN, or TALOCOY (pah-lah-yah'-hahn, PALOMPÓN (pah-lohm-pohn'), ver.; 2 islets E. of tah-loh-coy'), ver.; river rising in central Bungas Pt., separated from it by channel 15 cone of S. Negros; empties into sea through m. off E. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), port called Bombonón, S. coast of Negros Luzon. Oriental. - island 1 m. off NE. coast of Marinduque, PALEAYOGÍN (pah-lay-ah-yoh-heen'), ver.; SW. of Tayabas coast of Luzon, lat. 13° 30" N. stream emptying into sea SE. of Mabio Pt. - point at extremity of peninsula on W. coast SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. (Also Balca of Mindoro, forming bay of Dongón. yaquín.) - point on E. coast of Negros Oriental, also PALEMLEM (pah-lem-lem), ver.; mountain in important headland on w. shore of Tañón Ilocos Norte, Luzón, in SE. part of pueblo of Strait, inside S. entrance, 4 m. SE. of Bais. Bangui. - port on W. coast of Leyte, formed by nar- PALEPAIKAN (pah-lay-pah-eel-cahn). ver.: hill row channel between coast S. of Canaguayan between Low and Eran Pts., SW. coast of and Paalogon (Taboc) I.; town of same name Moro Palawan. (See Eran Quoin.) is situated on NE.shore. PALGALDUÁN (pahl-gahl-dwahn'), nat.; one of - pueblo on port of that name, W. coast of Calamianes Is., between NE. coast of Para Leyte, 44 m. WSW. of Tacloban and 27 m. due gua (Palawan) and Mindoro, lat. 11° 56' 30" E. across sea channel from Bogo, Cebú. Sum- N., about 2, m. N. of Linapacan I. mit inland is landmark for harbor. Pop., PALIBONIN (pah-lee-boh'-nin), nat,: summit 315 7,858. ft., S. by E. of Súbic, N. shore of Súbic Bay, PALONPALON (pah-lawn-pah'-lawn), ver.; ham. SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. let in SE.Iloilo, Panay, 4. m. NW. of Janiuay. PALIJON (pah-lee'-hohn), ver.; one of Talabanes PALOS (pah-lohs), Sp.; island 1 m. off E. coast Is., 6 m. NE. of Catarman, in approach to of Leyte, lat. 11° 11' N. anchorage of Catarman, N. coast of Sámar. PALOYAC (pah-loh-yack'), ver.; island in Cala- PALINA (pah-lee-nah), ver.; hamlet in Benguet, mianes grp., between N. coast Paragua, Pala- Luzón, 13 m. NNE. of Trinidad. Pop., 704. wan, and Busuanga I. PALINTAANG (pah-lin-tah-ahng'), ver.; hamlet in Benguet, Luzón. Pop., 900. PALTOC (pahl-tock'), ver.; pueblo in district of Tiagan, Lepanto, Luzón. Pop., 770. PALIPARAN (pah-lee-pah-rahn), Tag.; hamlet in Cavite, Luzón, 14 m. SSE. of Cavite. PALÚAN (pah-lool-ahn),nat.; pueblo on NE.shore PALITĀ (pah-lee-tah'), ver.; island off N. coast of bay of that name, on 1. bank of mouth of of Ambos Camarines, Luzón. river of that name, off extreme NW. projec- tion of Mindoro, 45 m. W. of Calapan. In- PALITON (pah-lee-tohn'), ver.; point on extreme land soil is cultivated in rice fields in many SW. coast of Siquijor I., off Sw.coast of Bohol, places. Town of Lipa stands on N. shore of 14 m. opposite Dauin, Negros Oriental. mouth of same river, lat. 13° 23' 30" N., lon, PALIUAN (pah-lee'-wahn); river in W. Antique, 120° 29' 18'' E. Panay, rising in crater of Camdranan and - fine bay on S. shore of extreme NW. pro- flowing W. falls into sea at Guisijan. jection of Mindoro into China Sea, 53 m. be- - point in Panay I. tween heads Marigil (E.) and Pantocomi PALIXET (pah-lick-set'), nat.; river entering on (W.), points of entrance. Palúan lies on its NW. shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Luzón, E. shore, 83 m. WSW. of Puerto Galera. Bay E. of Tubiajón Pt. forms excellent shelter in the NE, monsoon and is convenient for vessels to obtain sup. PALLAT (pah-lyaht'), ver.; hamlet on E. shore of plies when passing through Mindoro Strait Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Luzon. going 8.; 5 m. wide, of semicircular form, PALLIAGAN (pah-lyah-gahn), ver., island 37 m. running back 3 m. in N. direction. There NE. to SW. and 2 m. NW. to SE., W. of Ma are no dangers in it. Small river disem. rongas I., and 7 m. NW. of Sulu I. coast at bogues immediately on N. side of cliff. Sulu, Sulu A. - river entering Palúan Bay at town of same PALM, for.; outermost and smallest of group of uame, NW. coast of Mindoro. 4 islands lying between 3 and 4 m. N. of Treacherous Bay. 100 ft. high, SW. coast of PALUGPAGÓN (pah-loog-pah-gone'), ver., moun- Moro Palawan, lat. 9° 21' N. tain in Panay. 728 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PALUMBANES (pah-loom-bah'-nays), Hisp.; | PAMBUG (pahm-boog'), nat.; river in Albay, group of 4 islets 4 m. W. of Carao Bay, off NW. Luzón, rising in center of province and flow- coast of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzón. ing SW. empties into Inaya Riy. Dangerous shoal 4 m. N. PAMBUJAN (pahm-boo'-hahn), ver.; pueblo on PALUMBATÓ (pah-loom-bah-toh'), nat.; moun N. coast of Sámar, 55 m. across island from tain in Zamboanga, Mindanao. Catbalogan. Pop., 7,423. - point on S. shore of Palánog port, NW. -- good typhoon anchorage on E. coast of coast of Masbate I., Visayas, opposite Palánog. Sámar. Town lies W. of small island W. of PALUMPUNG (pah-loom-poohng), Tag.; village Matariano Pt. Island close to coast and in Tondo suburb, Manila municipality, Luzón. anchorage is directly off town. Vessels of PALUNGAN (pah-loong'-ahn), nat.; hamlet in 2,000 tons and over may anchor on line be- Pampanga, Luzón. tween town and small round-topped islet. PALUNSAYAN (pah-loon-sah'-yahn), ver.; ham- Smaller craft may go farther inside of island. 6 ft. may be carried 12 m. let on SE. shore of Basilan I., 19 m. SE, of Isabela, off SW. peninsula of Zamboanga, - hamlet on E. coast of Sámar, 8 m. SW. of Mindanao. Hernani. PALUSÁPIT (pah-looh-sah'-pit), Tag.; hamlet in - bay and port in E. Sámar. pueblo of San José, Nueva Ecija, Luzon. PAMIÁN, or ESTANCIA (pah-mee-ahn', ver.; ays- PALUTAN (pah-loo'-tahn), ver.: river tributary to tahn'-thee-ah, Sp.); river in Panay. Magat from SW. in Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. PAMILACAN (pah-mee-lah-cahn), ver.; outlying PALY, or BARREN (pah'-lee), ver.; narrow, small island, 1 m. long E. and W., 11 m. SE. rocky, barren island, 24 m. N. and S. and 720 of Tagbilaran, S. coast of Bohol. Fishermen ft. high, NE. 2 m. off Dampier Pt., NE. coast of Bohol resort there to fish for beche de mer of Paragua, Palawan. and turtle. PAMACPACAN (pah-mac-pah'-cahn), Tag.; ham PAMINTANGAN (pah-meen-tahng'-ahn), Tag.; let in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 6 m. NW. of San point on coast of Marinduque, off SW. coast Isidro, on main road. of Tayabas, Luzon. PAMAGSALAN (pah-mag-sah-lahn), ver.; S. PAMINUITAN (pah-mee-nwee'-tahn),ver.; pueblo branch of Ulagig Riv. in N. central Bohol, on SW. coast of Bohol, at mouth of Abalon Visayas. Riv., 7 m. N. of Tagbilaran and 26 m. across PAMAGUNAN (pah-mah-goo'-nahn), nat.; inlet sea channel E. of Alcoy, Cebú. Pop., Cn. on NE. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. 1887, 5,199. (Also Pamiguitan.) - creek entering sea on NE. shore of Siasi I., - mountain in SW. Bohol, 3 m. NE. of Tag- Tapul grp., Sulu A. bilaran. PAMÁLAY (pah-mah'-lie), nat.; mountain in Cor PAMITINAN (pah-mee-teel-nahn), nat.; island dilleras which separate Zambales from Pam NW. of Cuyo, Cuyos Is., Mindoro Sea. panga, Luzón, situated in latter province. -- mountain in pueblo of San Mateo, Rizal, PAMALICAN (pah-mah-leel-cahn), ver.; islet 3 on r. bank of San Mateo Riv., Luzón, lat. 140 m. off W. coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes 45' 30" N. grp., 15 m. SW. by S. of Busuanga town, be- tween NE. end Paragua, Palawan, and Min- - cave in mountain of same name, Rizal, doro. Luzón, pueblo of San Mateo. - islet of Cuyos Is., Mindoro Sea, 22 m. NW. PAMOBOAN (pah-moh-boh'-ahn), ver.; point on of Agutaya. E. coast of Cebú, 6 m. S. of Nayilon. PAMANG (pah-mahng'), nat.; point on Sw.shore PAMOCÁN (pah-moh-cahn'), nat.; point on SE. of Calicoan I., off extreme SE. coast of Sámar,! shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Visayas. Luzón. - creek on delta and entering on l. bank N. PAMONTALAN (pah-mohn-tah-lahn), nat.; island arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, on SE. side of SW. arm Barrera port, NE. Mindanao, near its mouth. coast Masbate, Visayas. PAMANGPANGÁN (pah-mahng-pahng-ahn'), ver.; PAMOTUSÍN (pah-moh-tooh-seen'), ver.; cove 9 mountain on NE. coast of Sámar, 4 m. inland to 22 fms., on W. shore Palúan Bay, NW. coast from Espíritu Santo C. of Mindoro. PAMANG PANGON (pah-mahng' pahng'-ohn), PAMPÁN (pam-pahn'), nat.; hamlet on E. shore ver.; point on extreme SW. coast of Sámar. of Dumanquilas Bay, SE. shore Zamboanga, PAMANPANGON (pah-mahn-pahng'-ohn), ver.; Mindanao. point on W. coast of Leyte, 2 m. SW. of Vi- - town in N. Bohol I., Visayas. llaba. - point W. shore Tara I., off N. coast of Siasi PAMBAN (pahm-bahn'), nat.; hamlet on N. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, lat. 13° 54' I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. N. PAMPANDÚGANG (pam-pahn-doo'-gang), ver.; PAMBOAN (pam-boh-'ahn), Tag., hamlet on main prominent point projecting several miles into road in Nueva Ecija, Luzon, 5 m. NE, of San sea on W. coast of Moro Palawan; coast 113 Isidro. m. NE. of Eran Pt. is low and densely wood- PAMBUÁN (pahm-bwahn'), ver.; small bay on ed, with good fresh water. (Also Pampanão- N. shore of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon. I yan.) - town 4 m.inland on r. bank of stream emp- PAMPANG (pahm-pahng'), nat.; point on NE. tying into Sisiran port, on N. shore of Ambos coast of Sámar, lat. 12° 15' 30" N. Camarines (Sur), Luzon, 37 m NE. of Nueva - hamlet on NW. coast of Bohol, 6 m. SW. of Cáceres. Getafe. PAMPANGA, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Pahm-pahn'-gah, Hisp.) Capital: Bacolor, lat. 15° N., lon. 120° 39' E. Area: 2,209 sq. m. Population: 223,922. Race: Pampango. Language: Pampango. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 729 gruayan Beacon 24 20 Bed Degen Palompon HZ PALOMPO TABOO RIATION CARLY... OIL o'sil 902) STATIONARY LEYTE 1. P! Tatantalang PORT PALOMPON Surveyed by D.MANUEL ROLDAN, Spanish Navy 1862 Palompon II Lat n°2:43 N. Long 124°2447 Bitumise . Nautical Mile 730 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Table of distances. From Bacolor to- Bulacán, SE.. Dagupan, NW Manila, SE..... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Pampanga is situated in the SW. part of Luzón. It is bounded on the N. by Tárlac, from which it is in part separated by the Paruao Riv.; on the NE. by Nueva Ecija, from which it is in part separated by the Pampanga Chico Riv.; on the E. by Bulacán; on the S. by the bay of Manila, and on the W. by Zambales and Bataan, from which it is separated by the Cordillera de Cabusilan and the Aba Riy. AREA. It measures 37 m. N. and S. and 34 m. E. and W., greatest length and breadth. Area, 2,209 sq. m., nearly twice the size of Rhode Island and less than 200 sq. m. less than the area of Delaware. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The country is mountainous in the W. part and near the boundary of Zambales, where, besides the dividing range, is that of Mabanga, E. of Pórac. Other moun- tain groups lie to the E. of Magálang, near the boundary of Tárlac. The province is high in the N. and low in the S. part. In the N. the air is pure and the water excellent, the temperature being cool and delightful. In the lowland in the S., where rice is grown, there is great humidity and heat. Mt. Arayat, near the r. bank of the Pampanga Chico, is 878 ft. high. Along Manila Bay, and for 12 m. inland toward the N., the country is covered by a multitude of canals and estuaries, the chief outlets into the bay of Pampanga, in the N. part of Manila Bay, being the canals of Pásig, or Betis, and Maihagonas. BAYS AND HARBORS. The province is entirely without bays or harbors, except the Bay of Pampanga on the S. boundary. The entrances from that body of water are by means of the out- lets of the delta. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. All the towns have interior communication by wagon roads and trails, and many of them have river connections. The Manila and Dagupan R. R. crosses the province from the SE. to the NW., passing through the important towns, and has been the cause of great development of industry and trade. It has also telegraph communi- cation, one station in San Fernando having a limited service, and the other, at Bacolor, being one of the chief stations of the line. The port of Guagua, at the head of one of the delta channels, 13 m. from the sea and 2 m. S. of Bacolor, with which it is in road and telegraphic communication, is in daily steamer communication with Manila. There is a good road from Guagua, on or near the bay, through Bacolor and San Fernando to within 1 m. of México, a distance of about 7 m. The road system of this , province connects with the provinces of Manila, Cavite, Bulacán, Tárlac, Nueva Ecija, and Bataan. Bacolor, me station in ment of industrrough the imagupan R. R. crotrails, and man POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population numbers 223,922 inhabitants, the great majority Pampangos. There are a few Ilocanos. In the mountains are a few Negritos or Aetas, called Balugas in the language of Pampanga. The Pampangos have their own language, which is used exclusively in this province. The natives of other races and also the Balugas who trade in the towns are familiar with Pampango. GRAND RIVER OF PAMPANGA. RIPPING OUT BOARDS IN LUZÓN. PLANTING RICE. RICE PADDIES. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 731 Caltawed in mu Lav Stage ominal D T P Palacemi MINDORO I? PALUAN BAY Surveyed by COXLANDER W IMATE XX 1854 Rue Tids about BM . SOUNDINGS IN TE the . . 732 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The division of Pampanga into pueblos and their respective population according to the census of 1887 is as follows: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 4,683 5,298 7,144 6,599 2,141 5,859 Pampanga: Angeles A pálit.. Arayat.. Bacolor... Betis .......... Candaba Florida Blanca. Guagua......... Lubao.. Mabalacat.. Macabebe Magalang México... Minalin Pórac.......... San Fernando. San Luis .. San Miguel.... San Simón Santa Ana.... Santa Rita Santo Tomás Sexmoan... 4,863 5,300 6, 896 6, 321 2,066 5, 686 3,459 4,983 10, 310 4,580 6, 307 4,520 7,522 3,138 4,520 8, 075 5, 381 2,820 3, 442 3,213 4,697 1,879 3,352 5,091 10,034 4,521 6,538 4,279 7,199 3,101 4,074 7,956 5,384 2, 765 3,566 3,109 3,692 1.902 2,937 9,546 10,598 14, 040 12, 920 4, 207 11,542 6,654 10, 074 20, 344 9, 101 12,845 8,799 14,721 6, 239 8,594 16,031 10, 765 5,585 7,008 6,322 8,389 3, 781 6, 289 Total 113, 330 111,064 224, 394 Estimated, 1901, 223,922. There are 25 towns, 328 villages, and 297 hamlets within the limits of Pampanga. The principal towns are: Bacolor; the capital, on a plain on the r. bank of the Betis Riv., 35 m. NE. of Manila and 5 m. SW. of the Manila and Dagupan R. R., with which it is connected by wagon road and telegraph. It does a large supply business for the surrounding country. The town is well built, with a church, conyent, and court-houses. It has a monument to the memory of Anda y Salazar, governor-general of the island in 1762-1764 and 1770–1776. Pop., 10,642. Angeles; 11 m. NW. of Bacolor. A considerable trade in wholesale and retail groceries is carried on with the traders of the surrounding country. Pop., 9,000. Apálit; on the r. bank of the Grande de la Pampanga Riv., 1 m. from R. R. station of same name, on the S. side of the crossing of the M. & D. R. R. It is also at the SW. extreme of the Pinac de Candaba. Pop., 11,753. Aráyat; in the NE. part of the province, on the r. bank of the Pampanga Grande Riv., 23 m. S. of the junction of the Pampanga Chico, and 13 m. N. of Bacolor, with which it is connected by road and telegraph. It has good road and water communi- cation. The wholesale and retail grocery business of the merchants of Aráyat is very important. Pop., 14,000. Betis; 2 m. S. of Bacolor. Pop., 4,460. Calúlut; in the central part of the province, 68 m. N. by E. of Bacolor. Formerly a suburb of San Fernan bank of the Pampandaba. It has roa Candaba; on the l. bank of the Pampanga Grande Riv., 12} m. NE. of Bacolor and near the W. margin of the Pinac de Candaba. It has road and water communi- cation with neighboring regions. Pop., 14,585. Florida Blanca; 8 m. W. of Bacolor. Pop., 7,654. Guagua; 4 m. SSW. of Bacolor. An extensive wholesale and retail business in groceries and drugs is carried on. Has communication with Manila through steam- boats making the trip in 5 hours. Pop., 10,722. Libútad; in the extreme NE. part, on the l. bank of the Pampanga Grande Riv., 18 m. from Bacolor. Lubao; on the r. bank of a river, 2, m. N. of its outlet through the delta. Pop., 21,175. Mabalacat; on the M. & D. R. R., 21 m. S. of the Tárlac boundary. Pop., 10,600. Macabebe; in the SE. part of the province, near the r. bank of the Pampanga Grande Riv., 9. m. N. from its outlet in Manila Bay and 73 m. SE. by E. of Bacolor. Pop., 10,400. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 733 Magalang; on a tributary of the of the Pampanga Chico Riv., 15 m. NNE. of Bacolor. Pop., 8,262. México; 9 m. NE. of Bacolor. Pop., 17,099. Minalin; in the S., near the head of the delta, 3 m. SE. of Bacolor. Pop., 6,386. Pórac; 8 m. NE. of Bacolor. Pop., 8,512. San Fernando; the M. & D. R. R. shipping point for Bacolor, 3 m. SW. of that city, in telegraphic and wagon road communication. It is a rich and important center of the sugar industry, having several sugar mills, and many large camarines (storehouses). Large areas in the vicinity are in rice cultivation, several hundred acres between this city and Bacolor bearing, by means of irrigation, 2 crops yearly. It does an extensive wholesale and retail grocery and drug business. Pop., 13,266. San Simón; on the r. bank of the Pampanga Grande, 9 m. E. of Bacolor. Pop., 7,817. San Luis; a telegraph station and garrison in the E. part, on the r. bank of the Pampanga Grande Riv., 17 m. ENE. of Bacolor. It has fine road and water com- munication. Pop., 10,298. Santa Ana; 11 m. NE. of Bacolor. Pop., 6,132. Santa Rita; 2. m. S. of Bacolor. Pop., 7,359. Santo Tomás; on the Pampanga Grande Riv. and the M. & D. R. R., 9 m. E. of Bacolor. Pop., 4,321. Sexmoan; at the head of the Pampanga delta, 6 m. SSW. of Bacolor. Pop., 7,969. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The inhabitants are extensively engaged in agriculture, the principal products of which are rice, sugar corn, sweet potatoes, gabe, tobacco, cotton, and a small amount of indigo. The annual value of these crops a few years ago was estimated at $1,210,000. Grazing, which was formerly an important occupation, has of late years been much neglected for lack of pasturage. MINERALS. The surface of Pampanga, being entirely alluvial, presents no indication of min- erals of any kind. FORESTS. The forests in this province are disappearing. The regions in the vicinity of Florida Blanca, Porac, Magálang, and Arayat still produce a considerable quantity of wood, which together with bamboo and palm is valued at $182,380 annually. FRUITS. The principal fruit is the banana, although the manga, orange, santol, and several other varieties of native fruits are grown to a limited extent. INDUSTRIES AND COMMERCE. Mechanical industries are quite extensively developed. The following represents the condition of specified industries as reported just before the Spanish-American war. Alcohol stills ..... Stone mills... 365 Belt factory ..... Sugar mills: Carpenter shops. Hand power. Carriage shops..... Hydraulic ..... Looms... Steam ...... Pottery factory ... Steam for evaporating sugar .. Shoe shops ........ For the past few years the fisheries of Pampanga have been on the increase, and although not having attained the importance of that industry in other provinces, they have reached an annual value of $13,950. A large local commerce is carried on in manufactured nipa, firewood called Bacauan, sugar, honey, indigo, woods, sacks, sleeping mats, lime, tobacco, and rice. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. 445 15 12,577 After the general campaigns for the suppression of the insurrection, the insur- gents having broken up into bands of outlaws, operations were soon confined to the mountains. The capture of a large quantity of insurgent stores near Porac put an end to further serious operations, and was followed by the establishment of civil government. 734 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. On February 15, 1902, Pampanga was garrisoned by United States troops as fol- lows: Ángeles. a b Aráyat. San Fernando.a bo CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Pampanga was created under the provincial-government act," by enactment of the P. C., February 13, 1901. PROVINICIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor $1, 600 Seccetary .. 1,000 Treasurer... 2, 400 Supervisor.. 1, 800 Fiscal 1, 350 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceeding $2 per day as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet and organ- ize on the third Monday of January, April, July, and October, to consider improve- ments needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. Provisions are also made for the employment of a competent engineer to devise an economical plan for protecting the roads and agricultural lands and towns of the 2 provinces, and the roadways and bridges of the Manila and Dagupan R. R. from the destructive effects of floods in the Tárlac Riv., the Bambán, or Paruao, Riv., and the Grande de la Pampanga Riv., by levees or other recognized means of protection. Expenditures in this preliminary work are limited to $1,000 in each of the provinces of Pampanga and Tárlac. All recommendations must pass through the military governor to the Commission for further enabling legislation. CONDITIONS. “At the present time this province is in the most peaceable condition. Many of the natives are highly educated, and since the introduction of the public schools under the United States Government, a great improvement is noticed among the lower classes. The finances of the province, as shown by the report of the provincial treasurer, show a balance in hand of over $26,000 United States currency, with out- standing indebtedness of less than $3,000 United States currency. Roads and bridges throughout the province are in fairly good condition and work on same is being pushed as rapidly as possible. Agricultural and other industries have been pros- trated on account of the last insurrection, but are picking up again. Rinderpest has also caused great mortality among the cattle. The few remaining malefactors and bandits in this province are being constantly traced and captured by the insular police. I believe that this province is in better condition than ever before, and under the present system of government will continue to improve, as affording an opportunity and inspiration to develop its resources." (Official report of the pro- vincial governor of Pampanga, Luzón, December, 1901.) PAMPANGA CHICO (pahm-pahn'-gah chee'-coh); | PAMPANGA GRANDE-Continued. important branch of Pampanga Grande Riv., toward S. and having divided into numerous Pampanga, Luzón. (Also Rio Chico de la branches, forms a complicated network of Pampanga.) channels and marshes, which empty into PAMPANGA GRANDE (pahm-pahn'-gah grahn'- Manila Bay. day). Hisp.: river having its source in sev- | PAMPAT (pahm-paht'), ver.; point in S. Min- eral tributaries which drain S. siopes of S. danao. Caraballos range in Lagsig and Mingolit Mts., PAMPLONA (pahm-ploh'-nah), Sp.; hamlet on l. on opposite slope to Magat Riv., which belongs bank of Tanhay Riv., Negros Oriental, 7 m. to basin of Cagayán Grande Riv. Its gen- above its mouth, in Tañón Strait. eral direction is from N. to S. through Nueva - mountain of Negros Oriental, on 1. bank of Ecija and Pampanga. In first part of its Tanhay, 6 m. W. of that town, course and before receiving, near Arayat, Pampanga Chico Riv., it waters boundaries of - hamlet at headwaters of stream emptying Bongabón, Santol, Cabanatuan, Jaén, San Isi- into Macajalar Bay at Tagoloan, 141 m. E. of dro, and Cabiao, all in Nueva Ecija. From latter, in Misamis, Mindanao. Arayat it turns toward E., and passing near - pueblo on 1. bank of Naga Riv., Ambos shores of Lake Candaba, continues through Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 5 m. W. of Nueva San Luis, San Simón, and Calumpit, always Cáceres by road. Pop., 3,647. a Telegraph. • Railroad, • Post money order. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 735 Parabutan R. Watering place 52 3382 Panabutan Pt 82 108 VARIATION... NEARLY... nis'. (soo) STATIONARY ge 5 Suurmerged reef Siraguai Pt Siraguai Pyaar Suryuui Hiver WEST COAST PANABUTAN BAY Pamabutan P+, lat.7 35 og N. Long 122 0643E. Nautical Mile 736 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PAMPLONA; pueblo of Cagayán, Luzón, near W. | PANAGSAGÓN (pah-nag-sa h-gohn'), ver.; ex- bank of river of same name, 10 m. from coast, treme NE. point of land of Negros Occidental, and 70 m. NW. of Tuguegarao. Pop., 2,404. 31 m. across sea channel, ESE. of Remigio, - hamlet 4 m. SE. of Las Piñas, Rizal, Luzón. Cebú. PAMPLONA, BARRA DE (bah'-rrah day pahm- PANAHONGA (pah-nah-hong'-ah), ver.; point in ploh'-nah), Sp.; low island at mouth of river Ambos Camarines, Luzón. of that name in Cagayán, Luzón. PANAI (pah'-ni), nat.; village on SE. shore of PAMPLONA, or SAN JUAN (pahm-ploh'-nah, sahn- Polloc Harbor, Cotabato, Mindanao. hwahn); important river 14 m. SE, by E. of PANAÍGAN (pah-nah-eel-gahn), nat.; summit 230 Pala Pt., in NW. Cagayán, Luzón, having its ft., SE. of Súbic, N. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. rise in 5 branches in E. foothills of Gran Cor coast of Zambales, Luzón. dillera Central, on W. borders of province; | PANÁIN (pa h-nah'-inn), nat.; point S. of Calian rivers Aguibatangal on W., Nanuddalan cen- Pt., on E. coast of Davao, Mindanao. ter, and Apayagos SE., uniting 25 m. from sea, PANALARUM (pah-nah-lah-room'), nat.; bay on form main stream which becomes broad river emptying into Pacific Ocean opposite bar of S. side of San Juanico Strait at its entrance into San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 1 m. NW. same name. of Tacloban, Leyte. PAMÚNAC (pah-moo'-nack), ver.; point on NW. shore of Homonhón I., off SE. coast of Sámar. PANALID (pah-nah-lid'); point on W. coast of Sámar, lat. 12° 20' 20 N. PAMUNTANGAN MUNTÍ (pah-moon-tahng'-ahn PANALINGAHAN (pah-nah-ling-ah'-hahn), ver.; moon-tee'), nat.; point s. shore Banacalan port, NW. coast Marinduque, WSW. of Ba peak near Pagoda cliff, in S. Palawan. cud Pt. PANALIPAN, or PIRULAKAN (pah-nah-lee'-pahn, pee-roo-lah'-cahn), ver.; point on E. coast PAMUSPUTAN (pah-moos-pool-tahn), ver.; ham of Cebú, 6 m. N. of Carmen and 73 m. S. of let in Benguet, Luzón, 7 m. SE. of Trinidad. Bugo Pt. PAN (pahn) (bread), Sp.; river in NW. Panga- | PANALISAN (pah-nah-lee'-sahn). nat.: point on sinản, Luzón, rising over border in Unión, W. shore of Cotabato, Mindanao, on N. side of flowing SW., passing San Juan, empties into N. mouth of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, good Lingayen Gulf S. of San Fabián. anchorage N. of point. - islet S. shore Iligan Bay, N. coast of Misa PANALSALAN (pah-nahl-sah'-lahn), nat.; creek mis, Mindanao, lat. 8° 5' N., lon. 124° 9' E. emptying on N. shore of Panguil Bay, SW. PANAAN (pah-nah-ahn), nat.; hamlet in Pam end of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. panga, Luzón, 11 m. W. of Bacolor. PANALURAN (pah-nah-loo'-rahn); creek and PANABÚAN (pah-nah-boo'-ahn), nat.; creek en port in NE. Leyte. tering on r. bank of S. arm of Grande Riv. of PANAMALON (pah-nah-mah-lawn), ver.; ham- Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao. let 5 m. inland, E. of Lugait, on E. shore of PANABULAN (pah-nah-boo'-lahn), ver.; island in Iligan Bay, N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, shore on W. side of Sibuguey Bay, Zamboanga 22 m. SW. of Cagayán. Pen., Mindanao. PANÁMAO (pah-nah'-mah-oh), ver.; mountain in - narrow island 2 m. long with islet at its Biliran I., NW. of Leyte. W. end and hamlet on N. shore of main island, PANAMAROS (pah-nah-mah'-ross), ver.; hamlet fronting bay on S. shore of Guimarás I., off in Samar, 5 m. SE. of Catarman. Iloilo, Panay. PANAMBUYAN (pah - nahm - boo'- yahn), ver.; - hamlet on N. shore of main island, front mountain in Mindanao. ing bay on S. shore of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, PANAMPALAN (pah-nahm-pah'-lahn), ver.; ex- Panay. treme NW. point of Polillo I., Off E. coast PANABUTAN (pah-nah-boo-tahn), nat.; bay on Infanta, Luzon, and headland of approach W. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, N. of from Pacific Ocean N. to sea channel between Cáuit Pt. Observation spot on Panabutan Pt., island and mainland, 19 m. W. N. head to bay, is lat. 7° 35' 9" N., lon. 1220 PANAMPÁTAM (pahn-nahm-pah'-tahm). nat.; 6' 43" E. point on W. coast of Nueva Ecija, Luzon, lat. - hamlet on N. shore of bay on W. coast of 15° 10' N. Zamboanga, Mindanao, 44 m. N. of Zambo- | PANANAUAN (pah-nah-nah'-wahn), ver.; moun- anga. tain in NW. Leyte. PANANDAGAN (pah-nahn-dah'-gahn), nat.; river name, W. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao; entering SE. shore opposite Balaiuaca Is., islet lies off this port. SW. arm Barrera port, NE. coast Masbate I., - river entering on NW. shore of port of same Visayas. name and watering place for vessels, W. coast PANANGPANCANO (pah-nahng-pahn-cah'-noh), Zamboanga, Mindanao. ver.; island of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. PANACÁN (pah-nah-cahn'), ver., river entering PANANGUI (pah-nahn-gee'), ver.; mountain ham- N. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao. let in extreme SE. part of Misamis, Minda- Between this stream and that of Lassan is low, nao, at headwaters of small tributary of isolated hill, presenting 8 distinct peaks, Pulangui Riv. which forms only mark for navigators on PANANPANGARI (pah-nahn-pahng-ah'-ree), ver.; coast. islet near Banaran I., S. of Tawi Tawi, Sulu A. PANADLIHAN (pah-nahd-lee'-hahn), ver.; point PANAOGÚA (pah-nah-oh-goo'-ah), ver.; moun- in Sámar. tain in SW. Leyte, 5 m. N. of Albuera. PANADOPANO (pah-nah-doh-pah'-noh), ver.; PANAÓN (pah-nah-ohn'); point on W. coast of hamlet of Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón, 3 m. N. of island of that name, off SE. coast of Leyte. Ibung by road. - island 19 m. long and 5 m. wide at its W. PANAGATAN (pah-nah-gah'-tahn), nat.; most W. part, SE. of Leyte, from which it is separated of Semerara Is., off SE. coast of Mindoro, by Panaon Strait, į m. wide and NW. of Min- largest 14 m., 25 m. S. by E. of Buruncan Pt. danao, Surigao Strait, 12 m. wide, interven- of Mindoro and 81 m. W. of Sibai I. ing. Island topographically is forned of central range, continuation of mountain sys- PANAGOCDOC (pah-nah-goc-doc'), ver.; small tem of Leyte to NW. and of Mindanao to SE. stream entering sea 11 m. N. of Matalón, SW. Before disappearing beneath Surigao Strait coast of Leyte. Gibagnan hamlet is at its to SE. end of Panaón range reaches altitude mouth. of 2,313 ft., and reappears in NW. Mindanao entrance me ORANTEN ISLAND LUANAN PA NA Y SI COGONI PHILIPPINE ISLANDS NORTHEAST COAST OF PANAY ADJACENT ISLANDS AM THE NORTHERN PASSAGES TO ILOILO STRAIT nieuwy in D. NZUCARE THE NORTERS YOU WANT S DO 0 0 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 737 PANAÓN-Continued. at heights of upward of 3,300 ft.in Agudo and peaks of Tonido Mts. E. coast is high and presents many cascades of water of best qual- ity, while W. coast, though steep, presents excellent facilities for agriculture. Ats, end of island valuable gold quartz veins abound, one of which, 6 ft. in thickness, has yielded from $6 to $7 per ton. Merchantable quality of coal is also found. - strait m. at its narrowest point, between Leyte and Panaón I. Leyte coast trends N. for 5) m., then turns abruptly for another 5. m. to Maragusa Pt., rounded headland formed by W. slope of Cabalian Mt., 3,130 ft. high; coast line then continues N. 8 m. to Ginungagan. PANAON, or PANGAYAUAN (pah-nah-ohn', pahng- ah-yah'-wahn), nat.; point on E. headland to Migan Bay; town of Pangayanan lies near this point, N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. PANASAYAN (pah-nah-sah'-yahn), Tag.; hamlet in SW. Cavite, Luzón, 19 m. SW. of Cavite. PANASUGAN (pah-nah-soo'-gahn), nat.; moun- tain in Leyte. PANATIGUAN (pah-nah-tee-gool-ahn), nat.; river entering SE. shore of Palánog port opposite Palánog, NW. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. PANAY (pah-ni), nat.; river in Cápiz, Panay, ris- ing on E. side of Tapas Mt., runs 38 m, and empties into sea. - pueblo in Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. inland from N. coast and 3 m. SE. of Cápiz. Pop., 15,484. - island off NE. shore of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzon, at entrance to Bagamanoc port. - point on SE, shore of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, SW. Sámar, 11 m. SE. of Basey. - hamlet on SE. shore of Polloc port, Cota- bato, Mindanao, 9. m. N. of Cotabato, PANAY, VISAYAS, ISLAND OF. (Pah-ni', nat.) Capitals: Antique, San José de Buenavista, lat. 10° 44' N., lon. 121° 54' E.; Cápiz, Cápiz, lat. 11° 36/ N., lon. 122° 42' E.; Iloilo, Iloilo, lat. 10° 42' N., lon. 1220 357 E. Area: Mainland, 4,752 sq. m.; islands, 351 sq. m.; total, 5,103 sq. m. Population: 801,878. Race: Visayan. Language: Visayan. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay, LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The island of Panay, the most NW. of the Visayan group, occupies a geographical position about 85 m. SE. of the center of the archipelago. On the N. extends the Tablazo de Cápiz or the Inland Sea, included between the islands of Tablas, Rom- bión, Sibuyán, and Masbate; on the E. Iloílo Strait, which separates it from Negros, 9 m. distance; on the S. an arm of the Sulu Sea, and on the W. the Mindoro Sea. AREA AND POPULATION. The territory conforming to almost insurmountable barriers of lofty mountains has been divided into 3 provinces, as follows: Provinces of Panay. Depend- Province. Date of organiza- tion. Capital Area. Main- land. Popula- tion. Area. lands. Sq.m. Antique.. Cápiz Iloilo 1901. Apr. 13.. San José de Buenavista. Apr. 15.. Cápiz. Apr. 11.. Iloilo....... Sq.m. 1,340 1, 661 2,102 Sq.m. 1, 333 1,613 1,776 115, 434 224,000 462, 444 18 326 Total. 5, 103 4,752 801,878 351 118 It will be seen that the smallest province is larger than the smallest State in the Union, and the island as a whole is five-eighths the size of New Jersey or Massa- chusetts, larger than Connecticut, over twice the size of Delaware, and 4 times that of Rhode Island. In population it is 100,000 more than Maine, twice that of New Hampshire, more than Vermont and Rhode Island combined, within 100,000 of Connecticut, more than the 2 Dakotas, twice that of Oregon, nearly twice that of Washington, and almost as great as Wyoming, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada and Idaho together. The inhabitants are Visayans. Several thousand wild Mundos and a few Negritos dwell in the fastnesses of the mountains. For popu- lation and towns, see Antique, Cápiz, Iloilo. S. Doc. 280— 47 738 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PHYSICAL FEATURES. A range of mountains traverses the island from the peninsula of Buruanga, in the NW., to Siraan Pt. in the extreme S., and forms the boundary between Antique, Cápiz, and Iloilo, the highest summit being Madia-ás, 7,264 ft., near the town of Colasi. From Maymagui, a peak 5,667 ft. high, about the center of this range, extends a series of alkali elevations to the E. 35 m., and thence deflecting to the N., ending on the W. shore of Carlés Pen., divides Cápiz from Iloilo. The most notable peaks, in addition to those named, are Usigan, 4,300 ft.; Balábac, 4,333 ft.; Agotay, 3,764 ft., and Toctocan, 4,667 ft., in the N.; and Nangtud, 6,834 ft.; Baloy, 5,767 ft.; the Tuno, 3,700 ft., Igbanig, 4,343 ft.; Llorente, 4,466 ft.; Tiguran, 4,900 ft.; Cong- cong, 3,566 ft., and Ticbayat, 3,367 ft. high, in the S. Three of the finest rivers in the archipelago form the drainage system of Panay. These are the Panay, Jalaur, and Aclán. Other streams less important are the Salug, Ibajay, and Sibalom. BAYS AND HARBORS. The coat is well indented with bays and harbors, 15 of which afford safe shelter for vessels of all sizes engaged in the coastwise or foreign commerce. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. Within the limits of the 3 provinces, and particularly Iloilo, are many fine roads connecting the important centers of trade and trails communicating with the planta- tions in the interior. Owing to the rugged character of the mountains intervening, traffic between the provinces of the island is carried on entirely by sea. POPULATION AND TOWNS. There are 132 towns, ranging in population from 2,000 to 26,000 population, and 498 villages. The most important town, though not the largest, is Iloilo, the capital of the province of that name, a port of entry and a telegraph station. Vessels drawing 15 ft. can reach the city by the river of that name at all times, and have protection against all storms. The 2 principal streets which follow the course of the river have fine public and private buildings. Next to Manila, this city is the most impor- tant, commercially, in the Philippines, both in exports and imports, the former con- sisting of tobacco, rice, coffee, hides, and hemp, and the latter Australian coal and merchandise. (See population and towns of Antique, Cápiz, and Iloilo.) d privat2 prinder of 7% and at DEPENDENT ISLANDS. Of the dependent islands, Guimarás alone is one-sixth the size of the State of Rhode Island, and produces rice, hemp, cotton, corn, and tobacco. It also has important fishing interests. · VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The vegetable products of the island are cotton, corn, chocolate, pepper, coffee, tobacco, sugar cane, rice, and copra. The 3 last are staples in quality and quantity. The commercial movement of sugar and copra through the port of Iloilo represented in 1899, sugar, 1,197,700 piculs; copra, 9,221 piculs (1 picul=137.9 lbs.). The maximum shipment of sugar was in 1892, aggregating 2,571,989 piculs, or the enor- mous output of 354,934,482 lbs. On the grazing lands, which cover a great part of Panay, are raised large numbers of live stock, the province of Cápiz alone having upward of 50,000 head, mostly carabaos. The horses of Iloilo are highly prized throughout the archipelago. FORESTS. 92, aggregatils. (I picut of Iloilo" The forests represent many varieties of valuable woods, among them molaue, ebony, and sibucao, of which large quantities are annually exported to China. The prov- ince most celebrated for the value of its forest products is Cápiz, where upward of 87 varieties of wood of economic value are known. Besides the woods, large quantities of honey, wax, and pitch are gathered. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 739 MINERALS. The mineral resources of the island have not been scientifically exploited. Quick- silver and copper are reported. Beds of iron ore are known to exist in the moun- tains and gold is being worked in the vicinity of Dumarao, Binatusan, and Lausan. There are indications of coal or lignite in Busuanga, Balate, Valderrama, and other localities. Fine marbles and a beautiful variety of tonalite, equal to that found on al resources of the. Beds of iron of Dumarao, Kvalde ver and cold is being worked in ignite in Busuanga, Balaite, equal to that Deposits of gypsum and marl exist. Petroleum and natural gas are reported at Janiuay, in Iloilo. FRUITS. The fruits of the archipelago, including bananas, pineapples, mangosteens, man- gas, sapotes, oranges, lemons, etc., are abundant. INDUSTRIES. silk, cotton, ar The are numerous mechanical industries producing beyond the supply of domestic wants. Fine fabrics of pineapple fiber, jusi, sinamay, and cotton are manufactured in Iloilo, and sugar sacks, hats, palm-leaf baskets, and textiles of silk, cotton, and hemp in Cápiz. The province of Antique is particularly celebrated for its fabrics, its looms giving employment to upward of 12,000 women. In Iloilo large quantities of lime of excellent quality are manufactured, particularly at Igbarás and in Mt. Tini- coan. It may be added that the rivers abound in fish of great variety and crocodiles of enormous size, and the waters of the surrounding seas in tortoise and other shells of commercial value. merovince of Palm-leafsi, sinamag beyon He is particularly celebrate me of excelemployment to upward UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. Under the original movements for the occupation of the Visayan Is. in the spring of 1899 a base of operations was established at Iloilo and the suburbs of Jaro and Molo, the enemy numbering about 4,000, occupying a line from Otón to Balang- dán, with Santa Bárbara as headquarters. Active operations commenced immedi- ately, resulting in the dispersion of this force and the establishment of order and authority in this province. In the summer of the same year Cápiz was occupied. In January, 1900, a mixed command from Iloilo entered that province through the passes of the lofty mountains intervening. An insurgent force attempting to dispute clearing of the country. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Civil government, under military control, was established, and public schools put in operation and maintained until the permanent order of things was instituted by the P. C. (See Antique, Cápiz, and Iloilo provinces.) PANAYTAYON (pah-ni-tah'-yohn). ver.; hamlet | PANDACAN (pahn-dah'-cahn). Tag.: pueblo in 11 m. S. of Tubigón, W. coast of Bohol, Visa Rizal, Luzon, 2 m, irom Manila. Pop., 2,446. vas. PANDACAQUI (pan-dah-cah-kee), nat.; hamlet PANAYUICAN (pah-nah-youee' cahn), nat.; ham in Pampanga, Luzón, 131 m. N. of Bacolor, let in pueblo of Santa Rita, W. coast of Samar, PANDALÚAN (pahn-dah-loo'-ahn), nat.; island lat. 11° 18' N. off E. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, in ap- proach to Sibuguey, 1 m. long and 1 m. wide. I., off extreme SW. point of Palawan. Area, 1 m. PANCIÁN (pahn-thiahn'), ver.; hamlet in pueblo PANDALUSAN (pahn-dah-loo'-sahn), ver.: small of Bangui, on N. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzon. island, moderately high, in Sibuguey Bay, 6 ----river rising in Palempalem Mt., flows m. off its E. coast, Zamboanga, Mindanao. across pueblo of Bangui, and empties into PANDAMI (pahn-dah'-mee), nat.; village and sea on N. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón. island 1 m, N., on W. shore of Lapac I., Tapul PANCOL (pahn-cohl'), ver.; hamlet on high grp., Sulu A. shore of one of NE. arms of Malampaya PANDAN (pahn-dahn'), nat.; port of Cauayan, Sound, Paragua, Palawan, 92 m. NE. by N. of Ilocos Sur, Luzon, for mail and merchant Puerto Princesa; fronted by green, isolated steamers; also seaport of Vigan, capital of hill, 65 ft. high, on which was built, by Span- Ilocos Sur, during NE. monsoon; lies on N. ish, stockade in lat. 10° 52' N., lon. 1190 23' shore of Abra Riv., in lat. 17° 32' 48' N., lon. E., natives furnish supplies, and fine streams of water enter on either side of the stockade - point on W. shore of Manila Bay, in Ba- taan Bay, Luzon. PANDACÁGUIT (pahn-dah-cah'-geet), nat.: af - river in Negros Occidental, emptying into fluent of Magalit Riv., Pampanga, Luzón. sea 1 m. W. of Guimagahan Pt., on N. coast. 740 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PANDÁN; point in Negros Occidental. PANDANANG (pahn-dah-nahng'), ver.; point off E. - pueblo, bay, and point, lat. 11° 36' 30' N. shore of Ambos Camarines, Luzón. W. coast Antique, Panay, 66 m. N. of San PANDANI (pahn-dah'-nee), ver.; small island W. José de Buenavista. Bugung Riv. enters sea of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A., immediately about 1 m. S. Pop., 13,737. off village of Lapac; good anchorage S. and - hill in E. coast range of Guimarás I., off W. of island. Iloilo, Panay, visible from W. coast of Negros PANDANPANDANG (pahn-dahn-pahn-da hng'). Occidental, across Guimarás Strait. ver.; hamlet on E. shore of Tutú Bay, S. coast - hamlet on NW. shore of Maqueda Bay, 1 of Sulu I., Sulu A. m. SW. of Hiabong, SW. coast Sámar. PANDARAN (pahn-dah'-rahn), ver.; point on E. - islet in sea channel between Bohol and shore of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzón. Cebú, 7 m. NW. of Getafe, NW. coast. PANDAROCHAN (pahn-dah-roh'-chahn), ver.; bay - river entering Tañón Strait 1 m. S. of Ba- on SW. coast of Mindoro, between Buruncan lambán, W. coast of Cebú. and Ylín Pts., 87 m. apart, S. extremes of Mindoro and Ylín Is., respectively; safe - point on E. coast of Leyte, 1. m. N. of throughout, affording excellent anchorage Hinundayan. and shelter from N. winds at mouth of strait - mountain in SW. part of Leyte. in 10 or 12 fms. Garza I. and shoal afford pueblo at mouth of river on shore of bay shelter from E. Strait is free from danger but on N. coast of Catanduanes I., NE, of Albay, unsuitable for sailing craft. Luzón, 71 m. NE. of Albay. Pop., 2,143. PANDASAN (pahn-dah'-sahn), ver.; island 41 m. - point on E. shore at head of Ticlín Strait, SE. by S. of mouth of Hijo Riv., off N. shore SE. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón. of Davao, Davao Gulf, Mindanao. Densely covered with trees and mangroves. Passage -- point of moderate height on SE. coast of between it and mainland is only practicable Mindoro, at sea end of Pandan Pen., dividing by schooners. Soguicay Bay (NE.) and Bulalácao Bay (SW.). Most conspicuous headland working up SE. PANDAYA (pahn-dah'-yah), ver.; hamlet in Le- coast of Mindoro into sea channel between panto, Luzón, 9 m. from Cervantes. Pop., 269. that island (W.) and Tablas I. (E.) (Loog Pt.), PAN DE AZÚCAR (pahn day ah-thoo'-car) (sugar 41 m. loaf), Sp.; island in channel between Masbate - point at seaward extremity of W. coast of and SE. end of Ticao Is., Masbategrp., Visayas. Mindoro, 3 m. SE. by S. of Pandan I., and - island 3 m. off coast of Concepción, Iloilo, forming N. headland of Sablayán Bay. Panay, and largest of group of 5 islands, at - bay in N. Mindoro. N. entrance of Iloilo Strait; 4 m. long, and has 2 remarkable peaks; highest, 2,037 ft., nar- - peninsula on SE. coast of Mindoro, sepa- row channel separates it at SW. from Tago I. rating Soguicay Bay on N. from Bulalácao Bay on S. Town of Bulalácao is on inland - island E. of Luzon. shore of Bulalácao Bay side of peninsula. - peak 2,540 ft. high, in ridges of Ilocos Norte, -- 2 islands 2 m. long and 36 m. long, respec- Caraballos Occidentales, Luzón. tively, NW. by N. of Sablayán Pt., W. coast of PANDO, or MALOBOLO (pahn'-doh, Sp.; mah- Mindoro, and 2 and 2, m. off shore. loh-boh'-law, ver.); hamlet on E. coast road - islet of NW. shore of Bisucag, 3 m. W. of of Cebú, 1. m. N. of Boljo-on. Cuyo, Cuyos Is., Mindoro Sea. PANDORONAN (pahn-doh-ra w'-nahn),ver.; ham- - bay on SW. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. let in SW. part of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay, Chongos is its best anchorage, sheltered from 13 m. SW. of Nagaba. all winds. PANDUC (pahn-dook'), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, - point on extreme NW. shore of Catan Panay, 2 m. W. of Jaro. duanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzón. PANDUCAN (pahn-doo-cahn), ver., narrow tree- - point 24 m. S., 20° W. of Tomanton, along covered island, 7 m. long, in central waters low coast of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay, of Pangutárang grp., Sulu A., 24 m. E. of Pang- 8 m, to W. across sea channel; forms narrow utárang I.; 2 small islands lie due N. between part of Guimarás Strait. it and Culassein I., 4 m. -- island 2 m. NW. to SE. in Batán Bay, N. Bay N PANDUGAS (pahn-doo'-gahs), nat.; islet, off SE. P coast of Cápiz, Panay. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. - island off Bohol, Visayas. PANDULUNGAN (pahn-doo-loong'-ahn), nat.; point on seaward shore of peninsula between - bay and village on NW. shore of Iligan Imurúan and Malampaya bays, W.coast of Bay, Misamis, Mindanao, NW. of Langaran. Paragua, Palawan. -point N. head to Matnog Gulf, SE. coast PANG (pahng). ver.; town in Abra, Luzón, 14 m. Sorsogón, Luzón. NE. of Bangued, in foothills of SW. range of - islet 50 ft. high, W. of Bisucag I., Cuyos grp., Gran Cordillera Central. Mindoro Sea. PANGÁ (pahng-ah'), nat.; point on mainland of - point NE. shore of Ambil I., Lubang Is., Cotabato, Mindanao, 41 m. opposite Bongó I., NW. of Mindoro. off Polloc Harbor. - mountain 732 ft. high, on peninsula which PANGABÚAN (pahng-ah-boo'-ahn), nat.: creek forms SW. shore of Port San Miguel, NW. emptying on N. shore of Panguil Bay, SW. coast of Ticao I., Masbate, Visayas. end of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. town on point at mouth of river of same PANGADO. or PASIPIT (pahng-ah'-doh, pah-see'- name, SE. of Catbalogan, W. coast of Sámar. pit), Tag., river in Batangas, Luzón, flows PANDANA (pahn-dah'-nah), ver.; bay formed by SE. and unites with Calumpan. islands of that name on W. coast of Mindoro, Sablayán lying at S. point. PANGAL (pahng-ahl'), ver.; hamlet on SE. tribu- PANDANAN (pahn-dah'-nahn), nat.; hamlet SW. tary of Cagayán Grande Riv., midway between that stream and Cagayán Chico Riv., in S. of Otay Mt., Negros Occidental, 6 m. SE. of Cagayán, Luzón, 11 m. W. of Tuguegarao. - small coral island, 90 ft. high, W. of Tagao, PANGALAAGAN (pahng-ah-lah-ah'-gahn). ver.; Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. hamlet on Paliuan Riy., Antique, Panay, 6 m. E. of Bugason. - island 6] m. long, 2, m. wide, 34 m. NE, of Bancalan, 13 m. NE. by E. of Balábac I., and PANGALANCALANGAN (pahng-ah-lahn-cah- separated from extreme SE. coast of Palawan lahng'-ahn), nat.; islet SE. off Estancia, NE. by channel 1 m, wide. coast of Iloilo, Panay. Murcia. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 741 PANGALIBAN (pahng-ah-leel-bahn), nat.: river and point on its s. bank, on E. shore of Loog Bay, SE. arm of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. PANGANÁ, or PANTUMAN (pahng-ah-nah', pahn- too'-mahn), nat.; islet off SE. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. PANGANAÂ (pahng-ah-nah-ah'), ver.; islet im. E. of Bancungan, off N. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A. PANGANAC (pahng-ah-nahk'), nat.; small island 1 m. E. of Bancungan, and 2 m. off NE. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A. Town of Bun Bun lies on mainland opposite, toward W. PANGÁNAT (pahn-gah'-naht), nat.; island of Sulu grp., Sulu A., lat. 6° 30' N. PANGANDAUAN (pahng-ahn-dah'-wahn), ver.; is- land Sw. of Dicabaito I., in chain between Calamianes grp. and NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. PANGANGO (pahng-ahng'-oh), ver.; river rising in crater of Buenavista, takes W. course, enter- ing sea at Tapican, W. coast of Antique, Pa- nay. PANGANIRAN, or CADBURANAN (pahng-ah-neel- rahn, ead-boo-rah'-nahn), ver.; point in Al- bay, Luzon. (See Cadburanan Pt.) PANGANTÂ (pahng-ahn-tah'), ver.; hamlet on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 1 m. N. of Colasi. PANGANTAN or PANAGATAN (pahng-ahn-tahn, pah-nah-gah'-tahn), nat.; group of 4 small islands in Mindoro Sea, 1 sq. m., in SW. wa- ters of Semerara grp., 25 m. S. of Mindoro, 7 m. W. of Sibay I., and N. of Cuyo Is. PANGANÚAN (pahng-ah-noo'-ahn,) yer.; cluster of islands W. of Sulu I., Sulu A. PANGANURAN (pahng-ah-noo'-rahn), ver.; point in Mindanao. PANGAO (pahng-ah-oh), nat.; hamlet in E. spurs of central range of Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. SW. of Lambunao. - point on N. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, lat. 140 15' N. - point on NE. coast of Tayabas, in Lamón Bay, lat. 14° 3' 20' N. PANGAPASAN (pahn-gah-pah'-sahn), nat.; islet in E. part of Loog Basin, NE. angle of Banacalan port, NW. shore of Marinduque, off Tayabas coast, Luzón. PANGÁS (pahng-ass'), ver.; mountain at head- waters of Lanang Riv. in SW. Sámar. - hamlet in SW. Sámar, 8 m. E. of Basey. PANGASAHAN (pahng-ah-sah -hahn), ver.; point on W. side of Basilan I., off S. coast of Zam- boanga Pen., Mindanao, Small inlet near by separated from coast by channel 1,000 ft. wide in which small craft can enter. PANGASINAN (pahn-gah-see-nahn'), nat.; island 548 ft. high, off NW. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A., m. NW. of Marongas I. PANGASINAN, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Pahn-gah-see-nahn', nat.) Capital: Lingayen, lat. 16° 4' N., lon. 120° 14' E. Area: 1,316 sq. m. Population: 302,178. Race: Pangasinan. Language: Pangasinan. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Lingayen to- Gipaculao, Pacific coast ...... Iba, Zambales Manila...... Tárlac, Tárlac ..... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Pangasinan occupies about the center of the China Sea coast of N. Luzon, the great gulf of Lingayen connecting it with those waters. It is bounded on the N. by a small part of Zambales, the gulf of Lingayen, and Union and Ben- guet; on the NE. by Nueva Vizcaya; on the SE. by Nueva Ecija, on the S. by Tár- lac, and on the W. by Zambales, from which it is separated by the Cordillera de Cabusilan. AREA. It is 33 m. N. and S.; 56 m. E. and W. Area, 1,316 sq. m., 66 sq. m. larger than the State of Rhode Island. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The topography of the country is mountainous in the NE., reaching 1,000 ft. in height in Salacsá, and W., where a number of summits of the Cordillera de Cabusi- lan rise along the boundary. The country is generally flat in the central and S. parts, particularly in the vicinity of the Agno Riy. The surface slopes from the mountains to the sea in easy undulations, but near the coast is very low and subject to overflow from the numerous rivers, unable to carry off the rainfall of the wet 742 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. beyond through the Xemumber of riv season. There are a large number of rivers, all of which empty into Lingayen Gulf, direct or through the Agno Riv. The latter, a river of importance, after rising beyond the extreme N. border of Benguet and flowing the entire length of that province, crosses the S. boundary into Pangasinan; thence crossing the E. portion of that province for a short distance forms a part of the boundary with Nueva Ecija, and again beyond forms the boundary with Tárlac; thence takes a N. course emptying into the gulf of Lingayen through a number of outlets across a delta. At the mouth of one of these stands the provincial capital. The coast and rivers abound in fish. BAYS AND HARBORS. nga nland, its hea Santiago 1. ton of the streabe relied o The gulf of Lingayen, having Unión, Pangasinan, and Zambales on its shores, extends about 35 m. inland, its head forming half of the N. boundary of Pangasinan. It is 23 m. across its entrance from Santiago I. to San Fernando Pt. and affords excel- lent commercial facilities for this province. Many of the streams are navigable for some distance, the bar at the mouth of the Sinuncalan can be relied on for 6 ft. Pilots may be obtained at the fishing village at the mouth. The native buoys are of bamboo poles with feathery palm leaves at their heads. Sual, though small is a harbor protected in all winds. It is over 1 m. N. and S. and nearly 1 m. broad, with 4 to 8 fms. depth. The entrance is narrowed by rocks to a breadth of 600 yds. Bamboo poles mark the shoal. Vessels not wishing to enter can find excellent anchorage off Portuguesa Pt. in 10 fms. This port is recommended as a place of secure refuge in all weather, there being only one other secure harbor, that of Olongapó between Manila and Cape Engaño on the extreme NE. point of Luzón. LIGHT-HOUSES. There are light houses at- Dagupan; NE. side of Dagupan Riv., entrance on Pt. Guecet, lat. 16° 5/ 30% N., lon. 120° 19' E. One fixed red light 29 ft. above sea level; tower iron, 7 ft. high; light visible 6 m. Sual; on Portuguesa Pt., lat. 16° 6' N., lon. 120° 7' E. One fixed red light 79 ft. above the sea; tower iron, 20 ft. high; visible 12 m. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. Well-constructed roads traverse the province in all directions and unite the towns with each other and with Nueva Ecija by way of San Quintín, with Unión by way of San Fabián and Santo Tomás, with Tárlac by way of Paniqui and Bayatín, and finally with Zambales by way of Sual and Alamino. The Manila and Dagupan R. R. also traverses this province, passing through the important towns of Bayambang, Malasiqui, San Carlos, Calasiao, and Dagupan. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The province of Pangasinan has a population of 302,178, the greater portion of whom belong to the Pangasinan race. A few wandering Negritos live in the moun- tains which separate this province from Zambales. There are also some Ilocanos, and along the boundary to the NE. and E. a few Igorrotes. The language generally spoken is Pangasinán, although in some towns in the N., NE., and SE. Ilocano is used. The Negritos speak Aeta, but understand Pangasinan, as do the Igorrotes who trade with the inhabitants. This province has from 2 to 3 times more population (1900) than the District of Columbia or the States of North Dakota, Montana, Wyo- ming; (4 times) New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada; (8 times) and Idaho. The State of Oregon admitted in 1859 has but 100,000 more population. UNITED STATES MILITARY HOSPITAL AT BAUTISTA. VIEW IN VALLEY OF THE RIVER AGNO. Showing sterile hillsides. VALLEY OF THE RIVER AGNO, Showing pine trees. BALETE, TREE OF CENTRAL LUZON. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 743 The following is the division of Pangasinán into pueblos and their respective pop- ulation according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 2, 142 1,819 2,011 4,283 5, 747 5,591 4,620 7,744 Pangasinan: Aguilar.. Alava. Alcalá ....... Asingang... Bayambang Binalonan. Binmaley.. Calasiao ..... Dagupan ...... Lingayen.... Malasiqui ..... Manaoag ... Mangaldán. Mangatarén Pozorrubio.. Salaså.. San Carlos.. San Fabián.. San Isidro... San Jacinto .. San Manuel San Nicolás.. Santa Bárbara. Santa María Sual Tayug .... Urbiztondo Urdaneta.. Villasis.... 2, 404 4,733 5,907 5,798 4,506 7,559 7, 734 9,138 8, 233 5,761 4,714 6,006 5, 443 4,837 2,938 14, 650 4,978 2,279 2, 443 5,223 6,613 4.836 2,554 2, 121 4, 968 2,981 8, 350 4,099 4,223 4,153 9,016 11, 654 11, 389 9, 126 15, 303 15, 369 16, 800 15, 755 12, 755 9.831 12, 790 10.744 9, 604 5,845 30, 148 9,411 4,340 4,862 10,164 12, 743 9,667 4,944 3,961 9, 804 6,142 16,481 7,888 7,635 7,662 7,522 6,994 4, 617 6,784 5, 301 4,767 2,907 4,433 2,061 2, 419 4,941 6,130 4,831 2,390 1,840 4,836 3, 161 8, 131 3,289 15, 498 Total .... 153, 918 149,964 303, 912 Estimated, 1901, 302,178. The total number of towns from 1,000 to 20,000 inhabitants is 29, and villages 364. Of the former the following are the most important: Lingayen; the capital of the province, on an island of the delta formed by the outlet of the Agno Riv., on the S. shore of the gulf of Lingayen. It has a large number of well-constructed buildings, and is in frequent communication with Dagu- pan and Manila. The Dagupan or Binmaley Riv., through which vessels from the town pass into Visayan Gulf, has 7 to 8 ft. on the bar. Pop., 18,886. Aguilar; on the main highway, W. of the Agno Riv., 11 m. S. of Lingayen. Pop., 4,412. Alava; on the r. bank of the Abimolong Riv., 18 m. NE. by E. of Lingayen. Pop., 6,100. Alcalá; between the l. bank of the Agno Riv. and the Pinag de Mangabol, in the extreme SE. part of the province, 22 m. SE. of Lingayen. Pop., 5,471. Asingang; on the main road between San Quintín and the provincial capital, 28 m. E. by S. of the latter point. Pop., 3,522. Bautista; on the Manila and Dagupan R. R. Bayambang; at the crossing of the Manila and Dagupan R. R., on the Agno Riv. It is also on the road from Tárlac to Lingayen, 21 m. SE. of the latter point. Pop., 8,505. Binalonan; 23 m. E. of Lingayen, Pop., 10;295. Binmaley; on the delta of the Agno, 2. m. E. of Lingayen, Pop., 13,787. Calasiao; on the Tolón branch of the Agno Riv., at the crossing of that stream by the railroad, 72 m. E. by S. of Lingayen. It is a town of important industries within a radius of 5 m. Pop., 13,753. Dagupan; at the E. main outlet of the Agno Riy., on the S. shore of Lingayen Gulf, 6 m. E. by N. of Lingayen. It is the N. terminus of the Manila and Dagupan R. R., and a place of important sea and land traffic. It has main road connections with all the surrounding provinces. Pop., 16,691. Malasiqui; on a branch of the Agno Riv., 14 m. SE. of Lingayen, Pop., 8,900. Manaoag; on the Malabolo Riv., 10 m. E. of Lingayen, Pop., 17,500. Mangaldán; 11 m. E. by N. of Lingayen. Pop., 16,143. 744 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. San Nicpuel; 28 m. E. of Riv. Pop., 9, ons on the W. coaster: Pop., 23,934. Mangatarén; on the Agno Riv. road, 11 m. S. of Lingayen. Pop., 10,146. Pozorrubio; 20 m. E. by N. of Lingayen. Pop., 9,947. Salasâ; on the W. arm of the Agno Riv., 4 m. S. of Lingayen. Pop., 7,607. San Carlos; on a tributary of the Agno, 10 m. SE. of Lingayen. Pop., 23,934. San Fabián; 13 m. NE. by E. of Lingayen, on the W. coast of Lingayen Bay, at the mouth of the Abimolong Riv. Pop., 9,018. San Manuel; 28 m. E. of Lingayen. Pop., 6,687. San Nicolás; near the l. bank of the Agno Riv., in the extreme NE. part of the province, 24 m. E. of Lingayen. Pop., 10,204. Santa Bárbara; 12 m. ESE. of Lingayen. Pop., 7,595. Santa María; near the l. bank of the Agno Riv., 32 m. E. by S. of Lingayen. Pop., 3,939. Sual; on the W. coast of Lingayen Bay, 3 m. S. of the high islet of Cabalitían. It has a good anchorage. A sailing vessel may be warped into port in case of severe storms outside. In the rear of the town is Mt. Verde, 1,208 ft. high. A short distance to the SE. is Mt. Isidro, 2,250 ft. high. Pop., 2,636. Tayug; near the l. bank of the Agno Riv., in the extreme NE. part of the prov- ince, 33 m. E. of Lingayen. Pop., 19,612. Urdaneta; on the Macálang tributary of the Agno Riv., 20 m. E. by S. of Lin- gayén. Pop., 16,588. Villasis; in the SE. part of the province, near the r. bank of the Agno Riv., 25 m. ESE. of Lingayen. Pop., 11,968. Urbiztondo; on the r. bank of the Agno Riv., 16 m. S. by E. of Lingayen. Pop., 5,182. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. There is but one island on the gulf coast of the province: Cabalitían; in the SW. angle of Lingayen Bay, off the extreme NW. point of the province, area sq. m. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The staple crop of the province is rice, although it is frequently subjected to serious losses on account of floods. Sugar cane, corn, tobacco, and cocoanut are abundantly cultivated. The natural conditions of soil and climate for the production of indigo, coffee, and chocolate, particularly of the first, are superior. Extensive areas of the province are covered with nipa palm. Notwithstanding the importance of this growth to the natives and the acknowledged danger to health which its neg- lect involves, the production does not receive the attention which it deserves. MINERALS. In addition to its agricultural wealth, Pangasinán is much favored in the matter of minerals. The deposits of common salt are so abundant that this mineral gives its name to the province, "Pangasinan" signifying "place where salt is made.” Gold and copper are also obtained by the Igorrotes in the mountain section. Mines of iron, magnetite, and sulphur in a pure state await exploitation. of in, and copper are alace, “Pangasinan" are so abundant FORESTS. There is an abundance of wood, some of very fine quality, useful for the construc- tion of native boats. The province is also rich in gum. The forests also abound in large and small game. FRUITS. The banana and manga are the principal fruits. The mampon is much cultivated for pickling and is used for sweetmeats and preserves. INDUSTRIES AND COMMERCE. The distillation of alcohol from the nipa palm receives considerable attention, although not to the extent warranted by the luxuriant growth of the raw material. Among the mechanical industries is the weaving of burí, from which sleeping mats, hats, and sacks are made. The people are famous for the delicacy of the work bestowed upon these articles of manufacture, and particularly their firmness of texture. The most important occupation of the people, however, is the production of rice, wines, and sugar. There is also a large industry in native-boat building, the forests furnishing excellent timber for that purpose. The commerce of the province is almost wholly in the hands of the Chinese. Having a frontage of about 30 m. on the Gulf of Lingayen, it enjoys exceptional advantages for coast trade. bestowed sacks hanical' int warriom the ni r. Thereers for that purp Having a frontst trade GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, 745 UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. After the close of the general campaign of 1899-1900 in N. Luzon and dispersion of the insurgents and ladrone bands of outlaws, peace and industry were fully restored. On February 15, 1902, Pangasinan was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Balungao. Humingan." San Nicolás. Bautista. a e Lingayen." Santa María. Bayambang. ad Pozorrubio." Tayug." Binalonan. Rosales. Urdaneta. Dagupan. $ac San Fabián. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Pangasinan was created under the provincial-organization act” by enactment of the P. C., February 16, 1901, to embrace the territory in the island of Luzón known as the province of Pangasinan, together with the 4 towns of Umingan (Humingan), Rosales, San Quintín, and Balungao, which are now a part of what is known as the province of Nueva Ecija, which towns are now made a part of the province of Pangasinan, hereby established.” The provincial supervisor was required to run the boundary line as proposed and make report of the survey to the Commission. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor .. $2,000 Secretary .. 1,500 Treasurer.. 2,500 Supervisor. 2,000 Fiscal ....... 1,500 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceeding $2.50 per day as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October to consider improvements needed in the province, and for other purposes prescribed by law. CONDITIONS. "Since the civil régime has been established the inhabitants enjoy perfect tran- quility and comfort, and their conditions are growing better every day under the new régime. Peace is so well established that it has never been disturbed in the slightest, although we have discovered some small remains of the robber bands, formed of coarse and ignorant people, which existed in the province during the past revolutions and try to cover their misdeeds with some sort of political color, but the matter has no importance whatever.” (Official report of provincial governor of Pangasinan, Luzón, December, 1901.) PANGATATAN (pahn-gah-tah'-tahn), ver.; islet | PANGLAO (pahn-glah-oh), ver.; low, flat island W. of Silat, 15 m. SW. of Cuyo, Cuyos Is., Min 11 m. NE. to SW. and 6 m, SE. to NW., off sw. doro Sea. shore of Bohol, from which it is separated by sea channel 1 m. wide. Has several peaks. PANGAYAUAN, or PANAÓN (pahn-gah-yah'-wahn, - pueblo on Sw.coast of Panglao I., 8 m. SW. pah-nah-ohn'), nat.; town at point of same of Tagbilaran, Bohol. Pop., 6,795. name on N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, on E. -bay in Bohol, Visayas. shore of Iligan Bay, 21 m. NW. by W. of Caga- yán de Misamis. PANGLAON (pahn-glah'-ohn), ver., hamlet 11 m. NE. of Taranguan, in W. Sámar. PANGDÁN (pahng-dahn), nat.; mountain on N. PANGLATAN (pahn-glah'-tahn), ver.; fountain shore of Lion Bay, S. Leyte, 2 m, N. of gógod tributary from S. of Ulut Riv., in E. Sámar, Nuevo. PANGMÁN (pahng-mahn'), ver.; W. coast hamlet PANGI (pahng'-ee), ver.; inlet in Sámar. off Zamboanga, Mindanao, 17) m. N. of W. of PÁNGIL (pahng'-ill) (means tusk), Tag.; pueblo Zamboanga. | PANGOY, or SALUNGI (pahng-oy', sah-loong'-ee), of Laguna, Luzon, on E. shore of Laguna de Bay, 83 m. NNE. of Santa Cruz, 16 m. by road. Tag.; point on W. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, Pop., 2,459. lat. 138 16' N. | PANGPANG (pahng-pahng'), nat.: point on ex- - point on Taal Lake, lat. 13° 54'50" N., in treme E. coast of Samar, 7 m. NW.of Binuga- Batangas, Luzón. yan. Telegraph. Telephone. Railroad. $ Post money order. 746 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIFPINE ISLANDS. PANGPANGON (pahng-pahng'-awn), ver.; river PANGUIL-Continued. in Panay I. Extreme S. shore of this inlet lies within 13 PANGTAÍL (pang-tah-ill'), ver.: point on W. shore m. of extreme N. shore of Illana Bay, in of large bay on SW. coast of Leyte, 1 m. NE. Cotabato, on S. side of Mindanao. Headwa- of Merida. ters of most S. stream leading into bay rises within 5 m, Mountains which here form PANGUAGAGTÁN (pahn-gwah-gag-tahn'), ver.; boundary between Misamis but 6 m. S. of Pan- mountain at headwater tributaries of Yaba- guil Bay and Cotabato constitute dividing san Riv., S. central Sámar. summit of drainage between N. and S. coasts. PANGUBATAN (pahn-goo-bah'-tahn), nat.; ham- - town in Misamis, Mindanao. let on S. shore of Sámal I., near Paet Pt., 15, PANGUIL, or MUGPANGUIL (pahn-geel', moog- m. SE. of Davao, Mindanao pahn-geel'), nat.; river emptying on W. shore PANGUIÁN (pahn-geeahn'), ver.; point 2 m. NW. of Panguil Bay, SW. end of Misamis port, of Davao, Mindanao. Misamis, Mindanao. PANGUIL (pahn-geel'), ver.; long, narrow inlet | PANGUIL BATÚ (pahn-geel bah-too'), nat.; point in SW. angle of Iligan Bay, extending 12 m. on extreme SW. shore of Sarangani I., off to SW., from 1 to 2m. wide and ending in SE. coast of Davao, Mindanao. shallow basin 6 m. in diameter. Opens to NE. between Biaui and Loculan Pts., 8. m., PANGUIPUTAN (pahn-gee-poo'-tahn), ver.; point which also forms entrance to Port Misamis, in S. Mindanao. N. coast of Mindanao Shores of inlet or bay PANGUIRÁN (pahn-gee-rahn'), ver.; island off are extremely picturesque, being formed of N. coast of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón, beautiful valleys and slopes of lofty mountains lat. 14° 23' N. and their outlying spurs, Mt. Malindang, 13 m. inland to w., rising 8,560 ft. Another PANGULMÁN (pahn-gool-mahn'), nat.; ranch on summit, 13 m. farther w. by N., rises 8,580 ft., 1. bank of Upper Mindanao, NW. of Liguasan also number of lesser elevations to SSE. of Lagoon, Cotabato, Mindanao. Port Misamis. Of 3 of these summits highest PANGULO (pahng-00'-law), nat.; hamlet in pueblo is 2,312 ft., another 1,762 ft. Entire region of Albay, Albay, Luzón, on bay of same name, round about is made up of these towering lat. 13° 5' N. heights with intervening valleys and plains of great fertility, in their present state over PANGUSAN (pang-00'-sahn), nat.; point on NE. grown with forests and lesser vegetation of shore of Mactan I., off Cebú, E. coast of Cebú, tropical luxuriance and commercial value. lat. 10° 1950' N. PANGUTÁRANG (GROUP), SULU ARCHIPELAGO. (Pahng-oo-tah'-rahng, nat.) Chief town: Maglakob, lat. 60° 24' N., lon. 120° 33' E. Area: 72 sq. m. Population: Included in Sulu group. Race: Moros. Language: Moro-Suluano. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Mamboanga, Mindanao. Table of distances. Pangutárang (N. point) to- Sulu... Tatán (Tawi-Tawi) Zamboanga (Mindanao).... 37 72 ... 110 A group of moderately high islands in the shallow waters (311 to 600 ft.) off the SE. arm of the Sulu Sea, 55, m. (Pangutárang I.) E. of the W. line of the United States possessions in Asia, in lat. 6° 24' N., lon. 125° 33' E. On the N. stretches the Sulu Sea, on the E. lie the Balanguingui and Sulu groups, on the S. the Laparan group of the Sulu Archipelago, and w. the Sulu Sea. The following are the islands of the Pangutárang cluster: sq.m. Bas Bas, S. by E. of Ubián (North). Culassun. Gumilan. Malikut.. Panducan... Pangutárang .... Sipang... Teoma bal Ticul Tubalubak. Tubigón.. Ubián (North) 441 Usada ........ 1919 Vessels entering the Sulu Sea by the Sibutu Passage from the Célebes Sea between Tawi Tawi group, United States, and Borneo, or leaving it by this route, pass this and Laparan groups immediately S. and E. The islands are heavily wooded and moder- ately high. The inhabitants are mostly engaged in fishing or the rudest agriculture, living in settlements but having no fixed village. There are islands between N. Ubián, Laparan, and Bambanán not surveyed or charted. The language of the inhabitants is Sulu Moro. (See Tawi Tawi group.) GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 747 PANGUTÁRANG (pahng-00-tah'- rahng). ver.; | PANIRUGAN (pah-nee-roo'-gahn), nat.; point and largest island, 11 m. N. and S. and 9 m. E. and S. head of entrance to San Juanico Strait, W., 1,310 ft. high and NW.and name island of m. NE. of Tacloban, Leyte. that group of Sulu A. Low and level, with PANISÍAN (pah-nee-see'-ahn), ver.; mountain in little more than trees visible above water. NW. Mindanao. Thickly inhabited and has considerable trade PANITAN (pah-nee'-tahn), nat.; pueblo on l. bank E, side. Entire island is surrounded by reef of Malinannang Riv., Cápiz, Panay, 7 m. S. of Cápiz. Pop., 10,020. of coral and sand banks between which on land are lagoons to which there is entrance PANJAN (pahn-hahn'), Tag.; point on NW.shore only at high water. Island covered with for of Tayabas, Luzón, lat. 14° 12' 20" N., and at ests and numerous groves of cocoanut trees. NE. entrance to inner bay of Lamón. Milk of cocoanut is used for drinking and do- PANJUMAJAN (pahn-hoo-mah-hahn). ver.; elus- mestic purposes on account of brackishness ter of islands of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. of water in hot season and its black color PANJURINAN (pahn-hoo-reel-nahn), nat.; point during rains. on NE. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón, lat. 13° 4' - inter-island passage of group of that name, 30" N., lon. 124° 4' 39' E. 33 m. NE. of Laparan I., between Pangutárang PANLATÚAN (pahn-lah-tool-ahn), nat.: port ex- I. on N. and Ubián and Usada Is. on S., with tending 1, m. NW. inland and 1 m, wide NE. average width of 5 m, and very deep. to SW. at its widest part, sheltered from all PANGUTASÍAN (pahng-00-tah-seel-ahn), ver.; winds, with good depth and fine anchorage limestone island with double peak, off Cus- on SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. Geographi- cal position, at Dumaguit Pt., # m. Wsw., lat. PANIGURAN (pah-nee-goo'-rahn), nat.; point in 12° 52' 10" N., lon, 1230 38' 18'' E. Leyte. town at NE. end of a point, small penin- PANIKIAN (pah-nee-key'-ahn), nat.: low island sula on W. side of entrance to port of same 5 m. W. of Flechas Pt., off w. shore of narrow projection of land forming extreme SE. land PANLEIÚAN (pahn-lay-you'-ahn), ver.; point on of Zamboanga, Mindanao. inlet NE. of Culcul Pt., SW. coast of Albay, PANILAHAN (pah-nee-lah'-hahn), nat.; small Luzon. river entering sea on SW. coast of Leyte, 3 m. PANNAN (pun'-nun), ver.; hamlet on E. shore of NW. of Albuera. Maibún (Maimbún) Bay, in 8. shore of Sulu I., PANIM ALAUA (pah-nee-mah-lah'-wah), nat.; Sulu A. summit 554 ft., on N. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. PANNO (pahn'-naw). ver.; point on SW. shore of coast of Zambales, Luzon, NNW. of Súbie. Leyte, 4 m. SW. of Cajaguaan and 9 m. across PANIMUSAN (pah-nee-moo'-sahn), ver.; point on sea channel, E. of extreme NE. point of Lapi. SW. coast of Palawan, 31 m. N. of Repose Pt. nig I., off NE. coast of Bohol. PANINGAYAN (pah-ning-ah-yahn), ver.; hamlet PANOCOAN (pa h-noh-coh'-ahn), nat.; affluent of 5 m. inland on bank of river of same name, river flowing S. in pueblo of Paracale, Am- 6 m. WNW, of Colasi, Antique, Panay. bos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. - river entering sea 2 m. E. of Lipata Pt.; PANOCOHÓN (pah-noh-coh-hohn'), ver.; moun- hamlet 5 m. inland near its head waters and tain in Basilan grp., offs. coast of Zamboanga, 6 m. WNW. of Colasi, and mountain on W. Mindanao. slopes of which it rises in Antique, Panay. PANOG POY (pah-naug-poy'), ver.; mountain in -- mountain in Antique, Panay, near bound Cebu. ary with Cápiz on E. Paningayan Riv. rises PANOLÍAN (pah-noh-lee'-ahn), nat.; summit among spurs of this mountain and empties 430 ft. NE. of Súbie, N. shore of Súbie Bay, into sea E. of Lipata Pt., W. coast. SE. coast of Zambales, Luzon. - hamlet on E. shore of Magdalag Lake, 1 m. PANÓN (pah-nohn'). ver.; hamlet at mouth of SE. of Magdalag in NW. part of Capiz, Panay. small tributary of Naga Riv., in Ambos Cama- - hamlet on NW. shore of Basilan I., off S. rines (Sur), Luzón, 7m. NW. of Nueva Cáceres. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, 21 m. PANONG (pah-nong'), ver.; hamlet of Cápiz, Pa- SW. of Isabela. nay, on extreme NW, coast, 1) m. E. of Malay. PANINTHIAN (pah-nee-nee-hee'-ahn), ver.; en- PANOO (pah-noh-oh), nat.; hamlet on W. coast trance point to bay on E. coast of Sámar, 3 m. of S. Palawan. NE. of San Julián. PANIPLÁN (pah-nee-plahn'), ver.; branch of Gui- PANOON (pah-noh'-on), nat.; river in Misamis, Mindanao, flowing N., empties into sea on N. sán Riv., Negros Occidental. coast. PANIQUE (pah-neel-kay), nat.; point in Marin- duque, off Tayabas coast of Luzon. (See Salo- PANOYPAY (pah-noy-pie'), ver.; hamlet of Cebu I. Deposits of argentíferous lead are found in mague Pt.) vicinity. - point on NE. coast of Masbate I., Visayas, lat. 12° 15' 15" N. PANPÁN (pahn-pahn'), nat.; hamlet on E. shore - hamlet on NE. shore of Masbate I., Visayas, PANSÁN (pahn-sahn'), nat.; river in pueblo of 12 m. SE. of Masbate. San José, Batangas, Luzon, rising in moun- - summit 262 ft. on NE. shore of Súbic Bay, tains of Macolog, flows S. and unites with SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. Malaguintúbig tributary of Calumpan. PANIQUI (pah-nee-kee), nat.; island off NE. PANSIGUICAN (pahn-see-geel-cahn), ver; town coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón; area, in Sámar. 1 sq.m., lat. 14° 41' N. PANSIPIT (pahn-see'-pit), Tag.; river in Batan- - pueblo on Manila and Dagupan R. R. in Tárlac, Luzón, 14 m. NW. of Tarlac; has good gas, Luzon, connecting Lake Taal with Bala- yán Bay, on S. coast, lat. 13° 51' 30° N., about road facilities. Pop., 8,712. - island N. of Ambos Camarines, Luzón. PANIQUÍAN (pah-nee-key'-ahn), nat., island 131 PANSOL (pahn-saul'), Tag.; mineral spring at m. long N. and S., on s. side of entrance to town of Calamba, Laguna, Luzón. and forming shelter for Galera port. - river in pueblo of Lipa, Batangas, Luzon. PANIRAN, or CASCADA (pah-nee! - rahn, cahs PANTABANGÁN (pahn-tah-bahng-ahn'), Tag.; cah-dah), Hisp.; hamlet in Zamboanga, Min- danao, receiving its name from beautiful pueblo in Nueva Ecija, Luzon. Pop., 1,513. torrent of waterin central range of mountains PANTAD (pahn-tahd'), Tag.; hamlet in paeblo of NNE, of Zamboanga. Taytay, Rizal, Luzón. 748 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PANTANO (pahn-tah'-noh). Sp.: coast hamlet of PAOAY (pah-oh-i'), nat.; hamlet on W. coast of Negros Oriental, 1 m. SE. of Tanhay. Antique, Panay, 2 m. S. of Antique. PANTAO (pahn-tow'), ver.; town N. of Pt. - pueblo on small lake W. of coast highway, Cauanhanan, E. shore of Ragay Gulf, in Al Ilocos Norte, Luzón, 3 m. inland from sea- bay, Luzón. coast and 13 m. S. of Laoag. Lake is also - anchorage in W. Albay, Luzón. known by name of Danum (meaning water). PANTAON (pahn-tah'-ohn), nat.; hamlet in pueblo Pop., 11,848. of Libong, Albay, Luzón, near SW. coast. PAOAY, or DANUM (pah-oh-i', dah-noom'), nat.; - point on SW. coast of Albay, Luzón, in lake in Ilocos Norte, Luzon, 33 ft. deep and 7 m. in extent. pueblo of Libong. - river in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon, PAOMBONG (pah-ohm-bohng') Tag.; pueblo in emptying into Ragay Gulf. Bulacan, Luzón. Pop., 10, 297. PANTAR (pahn-tar'). ver.: hamlet near r. bank PAPÁBAG (pah-pah'-bahg), nat.; one of islands of Iligan Riv., 9 m. SE. of Iligan, Misamis, of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A., lat. 5° 7' N. Mindanao. PAPAGDAYAN (pah-pang-dah'-yahn), ver.; river PANTAY (pahn-tie'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of entering sea on E. coast of Mindoro, 1 m. NW. of Balete Pt. Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. PAPAHAG (pah-pah-hahg'), ver.; island Sw. of PANTIJAN (pahn-tee'-hahn), Tag.; hamlet in Tawi Tawi, Sulu A., S. of Sanga Sanga and Cavite, Luzón, 20 m. SW. of Cavite.. E. of Bongao, being separated from each by PANTOCOMI (pahn-toh-coh'-mee), ver.; W. point narrow channel, latter shallow. SW. side is of opening of Palúan Bay, NW. coast of Min- well planted with cocoanut trees, but is not doro. Nine cone-shaped peaks rise near coast thickly settled. Are many wild cattle on on bay and sea side; also small forms in vi island. cinity inland. PAPANAUAN (pah-pah-now'-ahn), ver.; moun- PANTOCUNAN (pahn-toh-cool-nahn), ver.; circu tain in W. central Leyte, 10 m. S. of Cari- lar island 1 m. in diameter 34 m. NW. of Ca- gara. bukan, low and flat, in group off NW. shore PAPANAYAN (pah-pah-nah'-yahn), ver.; hamlet of Sulu I., Sulu A. on shore of bay on W. coast of Zamboanga, PANTONGON (pahn-tong'-ohn), ver.; islet 1 m. Mindanao, 43 m. N. of Zamboanga. long, 3 m. NE. of Bacalan, in Balábac grp., PAPANAYANG (pah-pah-nah-yahng'), Tag.: point off SW. coast of Palawan. on E. side of Taal Lake, in Batangas, Luzón. PANTUD (pahn-tood'), ver.; point in E. Panay. PAPAYA (pah-pah'-yaḥ), Tag.; hamlet in pueblo PANTUGOC (pahn-too-gauk'), nat.; town in Al of Gapán, Nueva Ecija, Luzón. bay, Luzón. PAPUGAS (pah-pool-gas), ver.; bay between Cape PANÚAN (pah-noo'-ahn), ver.: island in shape of Santiago and San Pedrino Pt., N., in extreme truncated cone, 289 ft. high, off E. point of SW. point of Batangas and W. side of en- Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. trance to Balayán Bay. At bottom of bay PANUBIGAN (pah-noo-beel-gahn), nat.; moun- is Port Calaboso. tain in Zamboanga, Mindanao. PAQUÁ, or PACAI (pah-coo-ah', pah'-hie), ver.; PANUBIJAN, or PANUBIGAN (pah-noo-bee'-hahn, island 1 sq.m. in NE. waters of Tapul grp., pah-noo-bee'-gahn), nat.; group of 15 small Sulu A., W. of Cabingaan I. inshore islands and several islets, all wooded, PAQUENDA (pah-kayn'-dah), ver.; island in Súbie fronting Curúan on E. coast of Zamboanga, *Bay, near its head, in Zambales, Luzon. Mindanao. N. is Palma Brava; anchorage in 2 little bays S. of Panubigan I. From PAQUÍGANG (pah-key'-gang), nat.; town of Bon- these islands coast runs NNE. 16 m. to toc, Luzón, 12 m. from Bontoe. Pop., 304, Vitali Pt., which is fronted by 4 islets and township having 319. several rocks which extend out for 3, m. from PÁQUIL (pah'-kill), Tag.; pueblo in Laguna, point to Tigbaon I. 'Luzon, on E. shore of Laguna de Bay, 7 m. PANUBULUN (poo-noo-boo-loon); island in San NNE. of Santa Cruz, 9 m. by road. Pop., 1,719. Pedro and San Pablo Bay, E. coast of Leyte, SE. of Punubulu cluster. (Also Punubulu N., | PAQUILAUÂ (pah-key-lah-wah'), nat.; hamlet. at mouth of Paquilon Riv., NE. coast of Cápiz, q.v.) Panay, 94 m. NW. of Navas. PANUCHIN (pah-noo'-chin), ver.; island of Ba- buyanes grp., off N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. PAQUILON (pah-key'-lawn), nat.; river in Cápiz PANUITAN (pah-noui'-tahn), ver.; islet 1 sq. m. Panay, entering sea on NE. coast, 92 m. NW, in area, 2 m. NE, off coast of Calayán I. of of Navas. Babuyanes grp., Off N. coast of Cagayán, 1 PARAAN (pah-rah-ahn). nat.: island in Sulu Luzón. grp., Sulu A., lat. 5° 26' N. PANUNAHUA (pah-noo-nah'-hwah), nat.; island off E. coast of Sámar, lat. 12° 40' N. PARACALE (pah-rah-cah'-lay), ver.; W. point of PAOAA (pah-oh-ah'-ah), ver.; hamlet in Ilocos bay of same name, Ambos Camarines (Norte), Norte, Luzón. Luzón; low and covered by mangroves. PÁOAC (pah-oh-ack), ver.; hamlet near l. bank of - bay in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzon. Iligan Riv., 2 m. below its outlet of Lanao - pueblo in Ambos Camarines Norte), Lake, Misamis, Mindanao. Luzon. Pop., 3,211. PARAGUA, PROVINCE OF, PALAWAN. (Pah-rah'-gwah, Sp.) [North of the 10th parallel of N. latitude, Island of Palawan, and the Calamianes and Cuyos groups.] Capital: Cuyo, Cuyos group, Mindoro Sea, lat. 10° 51' N., lon. 121° 4' E. Area: Mainland, 1,366 sq. m.; 78 dependent islands, 269 sq. m.; total, 1,635 sq. m. Population: Paragua, 25,000; Calamianes group, 16,338; Cuyos group, 8,500. Races: Tagbanúas, Negritos, Manguianes, Tandulanos. Language: Spanish by a few Spaniards, but Moro-Suluano is the most general in Paragua; Calamián, Bícol, and mostly Visayan in the Cuyos group, and Calamián and Tagbanúa in the Calamianes group. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloílo, Iloilo, Panay. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 749 Table of distances. st. m. 247 .. 272 From Cuyos to Manila N... Manila by sea..... Taytay W....... Iloilo E. by S... Iloilo by water. Zamboanga S. by E... 107 102 113 265 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. • The mainland of the province of Paragua (the term meaning umbrella, so called on account of the peculiar conformation of the coast), which occupies all that portion of the island of Palawan lying N. of the 10th parallel of latitude, is bounded on the N. by the China Sea, the Calamianes group lying to the NE. among the numerous passages between the mainland and Mindoro, and connecting the China with the Mindoro, Visayan, and Sulú seas; on the E. by the Sulú Sea, the Cuyos group lying midway between the mainland and Panay; on the S. by Moro Palawan, and on the W. by the China Sea. AREA. It is 106 m. from Pt. Cabuli to the 10th parallel of N. latitude from NNE. to SSW. and from 6 to 40 m. from E. to W. Area of mainland, 1,366 sq. m.; dependent islands, 269 sq. m.; total, 1,635 sq. m.-about 600 sq. m. larger than the land area of P.hode Island, and within 300 sq. m. of the land area of Delaware. PHYSICAL FEATURES. wasis, forming excellent Llanarsakward of 1,300 ft. high. mastle A mountain chain extends from NE. to SW. beginning in the extreme N.; over- looking Cabuli Pt., rises a summit upward of 2,000 ft.; 10 m. S. another summit 2,230 ft.; inland from Pagdanan Bay a peak 2,000 ft., and in succession peaks 2.300 ft. and 4,800 ft. to Cleopatra Needle, 5,200 ft., and on the S. boundary Mt. Peel, 3,600 ft. high. There are 45 summits upward of 1,300 ft. high, mostly near the E. and W. coasts, forming excellent landmarks for navigators cruising in these waters. Pagoda cliff, of limestone formation, rises immediately above a plain which extends across the island, separating the Bulanjao and Mantalingahan ranges. Connected with the latter is a high ridge with many peaks, of which the most conspicuous are Panalingahan or Hat and Fin. A lake in the N. opens into the sea by a subterranean channel. The climate is regulated by the SW. monsoon, or winter, and NE. monsoon, corresponding to the summer of the N. temperate zone. These winds regulate the extremes of humidity and heat. Owing to the peculiar formation of the island, the rivers are short, but of importance on account of the means of transportation which they furnish for the products of the country. BAYS AND HARBORS. The coasts are indented with a number of fine bays and harbors. Beginning at the NE.: Daracotan; sheltered by a small island, on the NE. shore of which is the hamlet of Tiniguiban. Shark's Fin; sheltered by the important islands of Balas, Malabuctún, and Maytiaguid. Taytay; upon the SW. shore of which is the town of the same name. Cook Channel; sheltered by the large island of Dumarán. Green Island (Bahía de Islas Verdes); an extensive bight open to the SE., but with sheltered anchorages under cover of the islands which lie across its waters. Beginning at N. on W. coast are: Bacuit, or Báquit; a deep indentation strewn with islands affording shelter from the NW. Catugba; between Bacuit (Báquit) and Malampaya bays. Malampaya; 22 m. from NW. to SE., Tuluran I. protecting its entrance from the China Sea and several small islands with deep channels around them. The inner waters are completely landlocked. This bay or sound is one of the finest in the archipelago and has been suggested as one of the most advantageous locations for a naval station on the China Sea coast between Balábac and Manila. Imurúan; the S. portion of an extensive bight between Macaguit and Pagdanan Pts. Under the latter point is a bay of the same name. 750 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Inlulutoc; on the China Sea side of the peninsula which forms the W. shore of Malampaya Sound. Barton; to the SW. of Imurúan, completely sheltered by 4 islands in its entrance. Mayday; separated from the former by a narrow peninsula. Jibboom; to the SW. protected by Peaked Pt. St. Pauls Bay, or San Pablo; immediately to the SW., Piedras Pt. forming its S. head and point of separation from Ulugan Bay on the S. Ulugan; opening between Piedras and Sangdauen (N.) and Noroeste (S.) Pts. 6 m., and extending inland 9 m. to the SE. The S. shore, upon which stands the village of Bahile, is less than 2 m. from the S. boundary of the province. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are but few roads, the chief means of communication and transportation being mountain trails and rivers leading to the coasts. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The estimated population is 25,000, although the census of 1887 gives 4,198 for the 4 pueblos of this part of the mainland, and including the island of Dumarán. The inhabitants are divided into 4 well-defined groups. The Tagbanúas, the most numer- ous and peaceful, live in hamlets along the rivers, in many of their characteristics resembling the Mohammedan Malays of Mindanao, but are not of the same religious belief. They occupy the country between Inagahuan and Danlig on the E. coast and Ulugan and Ampuranan on the W. coast, extending over the boundary into Moro Palawan, estimated about 6,000. A few Negritos occupy the mountains near and on both sides of the S. boundary, estimated about 1,500. Manguianes, resem- bling the Tagbanúas in characteristics and the Moros in customs, inhabit the Moro country, and are estimated at 4,000. The Tandulanos live along the W. coast between Malampaya and Jibboom bays, figured at 1,500. Moro-Suluano is the lan- guage common to the inhabitants in general, although each of the groups named has its own dialect. The following is the division of Palawan into pueblos and their respective popula- tion, according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Island and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. Palawan: Danlig, Paragua..... Dumarán I. (Paragua)..... Puerto Princesa * Moro Palawan Talindán, Paragua ... Taytay, Paragua ... 297 1,075 759 372 495 272 957 586 291 439 569 2,032 1,345 663 934 Total.. 2,998 2,545 5,543 * Not included under the provincial government act of Paragua, this pueblo being part of Moro Palawan, to which civil govornment has not been extended. Estimated, 1901, 50,000. There are 4 towns and 16 villages on the mainland and 2 towns and 2 villages on Dumarán I. The most important as follows: Araceli; on extreme W. coast of Dumarán I., near the entrance to Langcán Port. Bacuit; on NE. coast immediately N. of entrance to bay of that name. Pop., Cn. 1896, 1,210. Danlig; on the E. shore at N. entrance to Cook or Dumarán Channel. Pop., Cn. 1887, 569. Dumarán; on SW. shore of the island of same name, on Cook or Dumarán Channel. Pop., Cn. 1887, 2,032. Taytay; on SW. shore of bay of same name, on E. coast of mainland. The anchor- age is well sheltered by islands, and has from 4 to 35 fms. depth. Pop., 1,733; Cn. 1887, 934. Talindac, or Talindán; on the NE. shore of the entrance to Sharks Fin Bay. It is well sheltered from the China Sea by Cadlao I., and the Rugged Limestone group. Pop., Cn. 1887, 663. Timtion, or Tinitían; on the SW. shore of Green Island Bay, N. of Acantilada Pt., 6 m, N. of S. boundary. Pop., 11,197. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 751 DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The following are the islands dependent upon that portion of the mainland of Palawan known as the province of Paragua. Where no figures are given the area is less than 2 sq. m.: sq.m. Albaguén; in the opening of Port Bartón, NW. coast. Austin; to the extreme NE. coast (see bloc I.), in the channel between the mainland and Linapa- can 1. Bagambanguin, or Bagambangan, or Smith; off NE. coast of Iloc I. in channel between Palawan and Linapacan I. Islet lies off SW. point... Balas, or Knob; at entrance to deep bight on NE. coast between Malabuctún I. and mainland. 5 m. from NE. to SW. and 3 m. from NW. to SE. Several islands and rocks lie between it and mainland on W. (See also Knob and Triple I.)... 10 Barren; one of cluster of islands in bight s. of Taytay Bay, E. coast, NW. of Dumarán. (See Paly.) Bay; islet in opening to Jibboom Bay, SW. coast. - islet about center of Daracotan Bay, off extreme NE coast. Binatican, or South Passage; off opening to Taytay Bay, on NE. coast. Binulbulan; off NE. coast, SW. of Iloc I. Boa yan; star-shaped island, 900 ft. high, off W. coast, 5 m. NE. of Caanipi, 5 m. E. to W. and 3, m. NNE. to SSW. to point and bay of Pagdanan, between Imurúan Bay and Port Barton ..... Broken; one of many islets and islands approaching within borders of Sharks Fin Bay, SSE. of Balas I., NE. coast. Bunul; E. coast, N. of Dumarán. Busumbulan; NE. coast, N. of Dumarán. Cabuli; NE. of point of same name at extreme N. end of mainland of Palawan, 560 ft. high; 3 islets lie ESE. in opening of bay of Daracotan....... Cacbolo; off NW. coast, N. of Jibboom Bay, in opening of Mayday Bay..... Cacbucao, or Monk and Friar I.; off extreme N. point of Dumarán I., in N. approach to Cook channel, E. coast. Cacnipa; off W. coast, at entrance to Cruz de Mayo Bay, forming N. channel to Mayday Bay: 1,050 ft. high.... Cadlao; off w. coast, NW. of peninsula of Bacuit, in entrance forming N. channel to Bacuit Bay. 2 Cagnipa; off the opening of Barton port, NW. coast. Caisian, or Collinson; most E. of group of islands NE. of Palawan, in S. channel to Sharks Fin Bay ......... Calabadián; islet off Taytay Bay, E. coast. Calabucay; 1 of numerous clusters of islets in bight S. of Taytay, E. coast. Calibangbagan; E. of Cabuli Pt., extreme NE. coast ............................................... Calitan; an islet immediately off Pt. Cabuli, the extreme N. point of the mainland of Palawan. Cambari, or Trepang; islet 6 m. off extreme E. point of Dumarán I.. E. of Paragua, Palawan. Camungayan, or Tres Picos; 14 m. NNE, of cape at the NW. extremity of Palawan. Capsalay; one of 4 islets in Port Barton, W. coast. Carandanga; NE. coast between Dumarán and the N. point of the mainland. Casirahan; the most N. of the Corandagos group. Cauayan; one of Corandagos Is., E. of Palawan, 827 ft. high, off extreme NW. point. Caverna, La; W. coast, N. of Cadlao. Cimitat: an island SSE. of Pirate Head. (See Quimitad.) Collinson; most E. of group of islands NE. of Palawan, in S. channel on Sharks Fin Bay. Comocutan; W. coast on the W. shore of Bacuit Bay. Corandagos, or Carandagas; one of the N. islands, 936 ft. high, off the group of that name in the Sulu Sea, E. of Taytay, Palawan. Corandagos; group of islands in the Sulu Sea, between the Cuyos group and Dumarán, off the NE. coast of Palawan. (See Corandagos Is.) Dado; rock in channel between Linapacan and Iloc Is., off NE. coast. Dala; NE. coast, N. of Dumarán I. Dalangaanem, or Dalaganem: one of the Corandagos group, a long, narrow island E. by N. of the extreme E. point of Dumarán I.; the village of Tudela is on the W. shore ...... Diapila; near the N. end of the island. Dumarán; largest of islands of Palawan, on NE. coast, off extreme E. point of mainland of Pala- wan, from which it is separated by Cook channel, 3 m, wide at narrowest point; 6 islets lie in channel between NW. shore and mainland of Palawan. (See Dumarán I.) .... Flat, or Rosa, or Sombrero; islet S. of Barbacán, in Bahía de Islas Verdes, E. coast Gauen; E. coast, N. of Dumarán. Giménez; islet off NE. coast, E. of Malabuctún. Greene, E. coast, one of a group of small islands S. of Flechas Pt. (See Verdes Is.) Green Naud; S. coast, 2 inshore islands at the S. end of Bahía de Islas Verdes. (See Verde del Norte and del Sur Islas.) Guntao, North and South; 2 islands off S. channel to Bacuit Bay, NW. coast, one of Rugged Lime- stone group .... Hormiga; W. coast, E. of N. channel between Cauayan and Cadlao. Ibobor; 1 of 3 islets in SW. angle, in bight S. of Taytay, on E. coast. Icadambanauan, or Taytay; off E. coast, in S. approach to Taytay Bay; Calabadian I. lies N.; very dangerous ground for navigation off the shore ....... Iloe, or Austin; NE. of mainland, in channel between Palawan and Linapacan I., 4 m. from NE. to SW. and 2; m. from NW. to SE...... Imurúan; islet in NW. angle of bay of same name, on NW. coast...... Jemelos; near the NE. coast of Palawan Johnson; one of many islets in Bahía de Islas Verdes, E. coast. Juabuyatan; W. of a cluster just at the entrance to Bacuit Bay. Juanbúyod; an island just NE. of Masinloc. Knob and Triple; island of some size off NE. coast. (See Balas I.) Lagen; W. coast, on the S. shore of Bacuit Bay. Lalutaya; W. coast, off extreme NE. point...... Lampinagan in NE. angle of Imurúan Bay, NW. coast............ Linapacan; off NE. point. Malabuctún; off NE. coast, in entrance to bight on mainland, between Balas and Pinachiuyan Is.; cluster of islets lie between them and Balas on NW., 4 m. N. to S., 2 m. from E. to W....... ... 128 752 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ........... sq.m. Malampaya; 5 inshore islands in bay of that name, NW. shore. Maniloc; 1 of 7 islands in Bacuit Bay, NW. coast... ... 3 Manimbulao, or Wedge; in NW. of Imurúan Bay, NW. coast, 180 ft. high. Mayabacon; NE. between Dumarán and N. point, off the mainland. Maytiaguid; close to NE. coast, and largest of cluster of 6 islands of some size and large number of rocks and islets, 8 m. from N. to S. and 4 m. from E. to W.; village of same name lies on W. shore of narrow channel, between island and mainland; village of Silanga lies to NW., on main shore ........ 24 Mobanen; center of group of some size off NE. coast, between Pinachiuyan and Maytiaguid Is... Monk and Friar; an island, E. coast, N. of the extreme N. point of Dumarán. (See Cacbucao.) Paly, or Barren; cluster of islands in the bight S. of Taytay Bay, E. coast, NW. of Dumarán. Paly; SE. of Taytay, E. coast .... Peñón Matinloc; narrow island in entrance to Bacuit Bay....... Pinachiuyan; E. of Maytiaguid I., off E. coast ... Pinachiuyan; one of a group of islands, off the NE. coast between Caisían and Mobanen I.; an islet lies to the NE. Quimitad, or Cimitat; islet SE. of extreme E. point of Dumarán, E. coast of Palawan. Rosa, or Flat, or Sombrero; islet off SE..oast, immediately N. of Bais I., and NE. of Stanlake I. (Bahía de Islas Verdes), forming bight on E. coast between Flechas and Acantilada Pts....... Reef; 1 of group of small islands off Flechas Pt., in Green Islands Bay, off E. coast. Reinard; 1 of 2 N. islets in an inshore chain N. of Acantilada Pt., E, coast. Rita; on the W. coast, W. of Ulugan Bay. Rugged; cluster of islands off entrance to Bacuit Bay. Shell; islet opposite Malcampo village, E. coast; most N. of Bahía de Islas Verdes. Silanga; N. of Dumarán I., E. coast. Smith; off NE. coast, SE. of Iloc I. (See Bagambanguin.) Snake; rock 60 ft. high, between Binatican and Calabadian Is., in channel of Taytay Bay, NE. coast. Stanlake; 1 of Bahía de Islas Verdes (Green Is.), lying to the SW.; a smaller islet of cluster lies 3 m. to the E. South Passage; off the opening to Taytay Bay, on the NE. coast. (See Binatican.) Tapintan; long narrow strip almost attached to Peñón Matinloc, in entrance to Bacuit Bay, NW. coast. There is more vegetation on it than the others. It is also a member of the Rugged Limestone group of islets off this bay: 1,415 ft. high ........ Tent; islet off NW. coast, SSW. of W. headland of Baquit (Bacuit) Bay, Three Peaked; cluster of rocks off entrance to Ulugan Bay, W. coast. Trepang. (See Cambari, islet off Dumarán.) Tuluran; W. coast, at entrance to port of Malampaya, 4 m. from N. to S., and il m. from E. to W.. 4 Verde; islet 8 m. SŚW. of Flechas Pt., E. coast; most E. of Bahía de Islas Verdes. islet between Caisian and the S. point of Maytiaguid I., in cluster off NE. coast. Verde del Norte and del Sur; 2 islets close to the E. shore, N. of Acantilada Pt. Verdes (green): a group of small islands S. of Flechas Pt., E. coast. Verdes, Islas; a cluster of islands-Verde, Shell, Rosa, and Stanlake-in the bight between Flechas and Acantilada Pts., on the E. coast. Wedge; in N. waters of Imurúan Bay, NW. coast. (See Manimbulao.) 63 named and adjacent islands included aggregate (approx.) of islets named above and unnamed; total area..... 269 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The staples of agriculture are tobacco, rice, sugar, and vegetables. Also fine pas- ture lands, upon which large numbers of cattle, carabaos, goats, and hogs are grazed. The nutmeg is a product common to the soil, and also cocoanuts and sweet potatoes. MINERALS. Gold, lead, antimony in the form of pyrites are found; also indications of iron, copper, and sulphur. Slate also of good quality and granite of a somewhat porous variety. It is not known whether these minerals exist in commercial quantities. FORESTS. The forests on the mountain sides are extensive and the quality of the wood excellent for economic purposes. Among the most important are narra, calandas (a species of cedar), ípil (one of the largest growing woods), molave, apiay (a wood not known in Luzón), uring (Fragosa peregrina), from which gum mastic is obtained. From the swamps bacanan, tangal, and langhoray, the 3 principal species of man- grove, are obtained. Rattan of the finest quality grows extensively, and also nipa palm on the banks of the streams and estuaries. FRUITS. The tropical fruits of the archipelago, mangosteens, mangas, besides many com- mon to the more N. islands, grow luxuriantly. INDUSTRIES. The industries consist of weaving the native textiles for home use. Grazing and the gathering of salanganæ, the valuable edible bird's nests are also an important occupation. The nests of Peñón de Corón, one of the Calamianes group, are regarded re GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 753 as the most valuable in the archipelago. Those of greatest glutinous purity it is said have brought as high as $4,000 a picul (1 picul=137.9 lbs.). The cowries, the little shell used as money in Siam and other points on the E. mainland of Asia, are gathered in several of the islands and constitute an important item of commerce. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The island of Palawan was occupied by one of the early expeditions sent from Manila to take possession of the S. islands. On February 15, 1902, the only military stations were at Alfonso (Alphonso) XIII, on the bay of Tagbayug, on the W. coast, and Puerto Princesa, on the E. coast, of the Moro portion of Palawan, to which civil government was not extended under the provincial government act. On that date there were no military stations within that part which is now the province of Paragua, Palawan. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Under the act of June 23, 1902, provincial government was extended to that por- tion of the island of Palawan (Paragua), N. of the 10th parallel of N. latitude and to the small islands adjacent thereto, including Dumarán and the islands forming the Calamianes and the Cuyos groups, under the name of Paragua. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor... $1,600 Secretary-treasurer .. 1,500 Supervisor ....... 1,200 Fiscal ............... 1,000 These officers are required to be appointed by the civil governor, with the advice and consent of the United States P. C., and may be removed in the same manner. The law also provides as to eligibility for either of these offices. The offices of the above-named officers are established in the municipality of Cuyo, Cuyo I., Cuyos group, Mindoro Sea. Among other requirements under the act the provincial secretary-treasurer is required to be able to read and write the Spanish language and after January 1906, the English language also. A form of oath is prescribed. The duties and powers of the governor and the other provincial officers are the same as provided for the same officers and the provincial board in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. The provincial board is required immediately after its organization to proceed with the organization of each of the pueblos of the province which has a sufficient Chris- tian or civilized population to warrant the maintenance of a municipal government therein, and to report the same to the civil governor, with the name, civilized popu- lation, and boundaries of the same. The provincial governor is also authorized to deal with and provide for the government of non-Christian tribes, including Moros in the province. PARAGUA, or PALAWAN (pah-rah'-gwah, Sp.; | PARANAS (pah-rah-nas), ver.; town in pueblo pah-lah'-wan, nat.); channel between N. of Jiabong, E. shore of Maqueda Bay, W. coast coast of Palawan and Calamianes grp. Pala of Samar, 10 m. E. of Catbalogan. Pop., 7,366. wan Passage route, which lies along W. coast - pueblo in Samar. of Palawan I. and NW. coast of Borneo, is about same length from Manila to Singapore PÁRANG (pah'-rahng), nat.; hamlet on point of that name on SW. shore of Sulú I., Sulú A.; as China Sea route. consists of about 10 houses in line built on PARAIPARAI (pah-rye-pah'-rye), nat., river en piles in sea, each house having its own com- tering Calasian roadstead s. of Jervois Pt. at munication with shore by means of bridge of base of Sidangdang Hill, SW. coast of Pala palm stems, numerous fishing stakes in water wan. mark chief occupation of natives, inhabitants are largely engaged in pearl and shell fisher- PARAIVO (pah-rah-eel-voh). ver.; hamlet on E. ies and are celebrated throughout archipelago shore of Leyte Bay, NW. shore of Leyte, 3 m. and wherever known for marvelous depth to N. of Leyte. which they penetrate in their diving for val. PARAN (pah'-rahn), nat.; N. point and head on uable mollusks of commerce. S. shore of Albay Gulf, in Albay, Luzon, being - inland hamlet on Sulú I., Sulú A., 8 m. SE. both high and steep; thermal spring near it by S. of Sulú and 11 m. E. by N. of Parang on emits volume of vapor which may be seen at same island, SW. coast. great distance. - hamlet on E shore of Basilan, off S coast - hamlet in pueblo of Orani, Bataán, on r. of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, 2 m. SW. of Matangal Pt. bank of stream flowing SSW., lat. 14° 49' N. PÁRANG, or BUNGA (pah-rahng, boong'-ah). PARAÑAQUE (pah-rah-nyah'-kay), Hisp.; pueblo nat., point on borders of small bay on extreme of Rizal, Luzón, on E. shore of Manila Bay, 611 SW land of Sulú I., Sulú A.; hamlet of Parang m. S. of Manila city. Pop., 9,863. is immediately SE. S. Doç. 280— 48 754 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PARANGAAN (pah-rahng-ah'-ahn), ver.; conical PAROOL (pah-roh-ohl'), ver.; one of islands of island 90 ft. high, on SW. side of Tapaan Sulu grp., Sulu A., lat. 6° 1' N. Passage, Tawi Tawi grp., Sulú A.; covered PARPAGOJA (pahr-pah-goh'-hah), ver.; town on with grass. im. W.is small flat-topped islet, W. coast of Tablas I., Romblon grp., Visayas. 14 ft. high. PARTIBAUAN (pahr-tee-bah'-wahn), nat.; sum- PARANGAN (pah-rahng'-ahn), nat.; islet off SE. mit 436 ft. on SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulú A. of Zambales, Luzón. PARANGANO (pah-rahn-gah'-noh), ver.; island in PARUAO (pah-roo-ah'-oh), nat.; river tributary to Tawi Tawi grp., Sulú A., lat. 50' 18' 30" N. Chico de la Pampanga Riv., running through PARANNAHALAN (pah - rahn-nah - hah'-lahn), Tárlac, Luzón. Tag.; mountain in Laguna, Luzón, WNW. of PASA (pah'-sah), ver.; mountain in W. Abra, Mabitac; lat. 14° 26' 30" N. Luzon, near boundary with Ilocos Sur, 13 m. PARAN PARAN (pah-rahn-pah'-rahn), nat.; river ESE. of Bangued. entering Polloc Harbor, E. side of Illana Bay, PASACAO (pah-sah-cow'), ver.; bay and anchor- S. shore of Cotabato, Mindanao. Can be en- age on E. coast of Ragay Bay, Ambos Camari- tered with difficulty by boats. Water is good nes (Sur), Luzón; most frequented anchorage and abundant. Moro hamlet of same name on that side; place of call for steamers. High is on N. bank. flat islet, Refugio, lies À m. from point. - Moro hamlet, on N. bank that river, lat. 70 - pueblo on SW. coast of Ambos Camarines 21' 30" N., lon. 124° 13' 40" E., on E. shore of (Sur), shore of Ragay Bay. Pop., 1,548. Polloc Harbor, E. coast of Illana Bay, Cota- - mineral spring near Pasacao, Ambos Ca- bato, Mindanao. On mole heads are red and green lights, 11 ft., above sea, visible 3 m. marines (Sur), Luzón. Polloc is red and Paran Paran light, across PASAG (pah'-sahg), nat., river forming one of W. the bay, green, channels of Pampanga delta in pueblo of PARAPAC (pah-rah-pack'), nat,; mountain in Ilo- Porac, Pampanga, Luzón, emptying into Ma- nila Bay. cos Norte, Luzón, about center of pueblo of Bangui. PASAHAN (pah-sah -hahn), nat.; village and river entering Port Isabela, Basilan I., off S. coast PARARA (pah-rah'-rah), ver.; point in S. Min- Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. Naval estab- danao. lishment of Isabela is at its mouth. PARASAN (pah-rah'-sahn), ver.; hamlet in pue- PÁSAL (pah-sahl), nat.; point on SE. coast of blo of Catbalogan, on W. coast of Sámar; lat. 11° 42' N. Semerara I., off SE. coast of Mindoro. - island off w. shore of Sámar, 3 m. long PASALEN (pah-sah'-layn), nat.; river in Ilocos and 2 m. wide; low, with high rocky islets Norte, Luzon, rising in lat. 18° 39' N. and off it, 8 m. W. of Catbalogan, and separated emptying into China Sea. from NW. shore of Darám I., beyond, by PASAN (pah'-sahn), Tag.; point on N. coast of channel less than 1 m. wide. Pacasan, on Maricabán I., on W. side of entrance to Ba- its SW. shore, is its port. tangas Bay, S. coast of Batangas, Luzón. PARATUCAN (pah-rah-tool-cahn), ver.; moun- PASANDUYON (pah-sahn-doo'-yohn), Tag.; ham- tain in Ambos Camarines, Luzón. let in pueblo of Catanauan, Tayabas, Luzón, PARAYA (pah-rah-yah), ver.; mountain in N. on SW. coast, lat. 13° 37' 30'' N. Mindanao. PASANHÁN (pah-sahn-hahn'), nat.; hamlet in PARÁYAO (pah-rah-yah-oh), ver.; hamlet on Basilan I., off sw. peninsula of Zamboanga, Mindanao. main road from Malasiqui to Lingayen, 6 m. from latter, in Pangasinan, Luzón. PASANJÁN (pah-sahn-hahn'), Tag.; point in S. PARDO (pahr-doh), Sp.; coast town of E. Cebú, Tayabas, Luzón, NE. of Bondog Pt. inland from Cáuit Pt. 3 m., and 4 m. SW. of - port on NE. coast of Samar; formed on N. Cebú. Pop., 10,647. by Sila and S. by Alibuyon Pt., lat. 12° 25' PARÍAN(pah-reel-ahn), nat.; ward in city of Cebú. 10" N. (Also Paíran.) PASAO (pah-sah-oh), Sp.; mountain in NE. La- PARÍAN KISAP (pah-ree'-ahn kee-sahp'), nat.; guna, Luzon. stream entering sea on E. shore Siasi 1., Tapul PÁSAY (pah'-sigh), Tag.: village near shore of grp., Sulu A. Manila Bay, S. of Manila, Rizal, Luzón. - village E. shore Siasi I., Sulu A. town in Rizal, Luzón; upon application PARÍAN LUKGÚ (pah-ree'-ahn look-goo'), nat.; of municipal council of Pineda, name was stream entering on SE. shore of Siasi I., Tapul changed to Pásay, by act of P. C., September 6, 1901. grp., Sulu A. - village E. shore Siasi I., Sulu A. - small s. tributary of Ulut Riv., in E. Sámar. PÁRIC, or DOLORES (pah-rick, ver., doh-loh'- - small lake S. of Laoag, Ilocos Norte, Lu- ress, Sp.); pueblo on l. bank of mouth of Ulut zón, between highway and China Sea coast. Riv., on E. coast of Sámar, 43 m. across island | PASAYAHON (pah-sah-yah-hohn'), ver.; moun- from Catbalogan. Pop., 3,469. tain in S. Sámar. PÁRID (pah'-rid), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of PASCO (pas'-coh), Sp.; point on S. boundary, E. Tubig, Sámar. coast of Paragua, Palawan, NE. of Deep Bay, Moro Palawan. PARÍGAO (pah-ree'-gah-oh), nat.; point on SW. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, lat. - channel between Green Is, and shore, i m. 12° 57' N. wide, SE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. - islet in the SE. angle of Basey Bay, NW. PARITAN (pah-ree'-tahn), ver.; hamlet in E. coast of Paragua, Palawan.. Leyte, on Dagami road, 1 m. N. of Burauen. PASCOLOGA (pass-coh-loh'-gah), ver.; hamlet in PARNO (pahr'-noh), ver.; river in Pampanga, Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. Luzón, rising in Binagatan Mt., lat. 15° 10' 30" PASCUAS (pass'-kwahs), Sp.; mountain in W. N. Flows NE, and empties on r. bank of Abra, Luzon. Pampanga Chico Riv. PASEGAN (pah-say'-gahn), ver.; one of numer- PARO (pah'-roh), ver.; hamlet on r. bank of ous small islands of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A., Grande de la Pampanga Riv., in Pampanga, 6 m. E. of Tandubato I. Luzón, 7 m. ESE. of Bacolor. PASEGAN GUIMBÁ (pah-say'-gahn geem-bah'), PARÓN (pah-rohn'), nat.; point on E. coast of ver.; island 11 m., W. of Pasegan Sámal, Ta- Albay, Luzón, on bay of Albay. buán cluster, Cinapusan grp., Sulu A. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 755 PASEGAN SÁMAL (pah-say-gahn sah-mahl), ver.; low coral island 90 ft. high, 5 m. WNW. of Ubián, covered with trees, in Tabuán clus- ter, Cinapusan grp., Sulu A. PASENKOAN (pah-sayn-coh'-ahn), nat.; island * m. from N. to s., in Tambiluanga channel, separated from Taruc I. on w. by narrow channel, 10 to 26 ft. deep, of NE. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. PASGO (pass'-goh), Tag.; point at extremity of narrow tongue of land on W. coast of Ragay Gulf, SE. coast of Tayabas, and on E. side of entrance to port of that name. (See Mayasas.) PÁSIB (pah'-sib), ver.; tributary rising in Pico de Cálao, in NW. corner of Isabela, Luzón, and entering Cagayan on N. from E. course empties into Chico de Cagayan Riv. PÁSIG (pah'-sig), nat.; outlet of Laguna de Bay into bay of Manila at city of that name; has sev- eral tributaries, those which it receives from r. bank only important ones, Cainta, Grande de San Mateo, and San Francisco del Monte. Those which unite with it on 1. bank are small streams and creeks, short in length, and carrying little water, Pasig Riv. is principal means of communication between Manila and Laguna de Bay, which is only 18 m. dis- tant, and provinces on its borders. Width is from 340 to 6,700 ft., and its depth is also va- riable, from 7% to 20ft.; is navigable for na- tive boats and light craft between Laguna de Bay and bay of Manila, 15 m. Manila, capital of P. I., is on 1. bank of its entrance to Manila Bay. On opposite side, connected by fine bridges, are suburbs of Binondo, Santa Cruz, Quiapo, and San Miguel River is nav- igable 10 m., and is chief artery of communi- cation with interior; carries 11 ft. on bar at low water. - capital, p. o., and pueblo of Rizal, Luzón, on NW. shore of Laguna de Bay, at mouth of Mariquina Riv., 8 m. E. of Manila. Pop., 22,000. - island 4 m. E. of Tambadon Pt., E. coast of Sámar. - village on Balábac I., off extreme Sw. point of Palawan. PASIGAJON (pah-see-gah'-hohn), ver.; point on W. coast of Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol, Visayas. PASIJAN (pah-see-hahn), ver.; westernmost of Camotes Is., 9 by 6 m., 14 m. s. of Duljugan, SW. coast of Leyte, in approach to Ormoc Bay; port is San Francisco, on S. shore. PÁSIL (pah'-sill), Tag.; pcint in S. Tayabas, Luzón. PASLOGON, or TABOC (pas-loh'-gohn, tah-bock'), ver.; islet off W. coast of Leyte, 13 m. SW. of Palompon. PASOGUN (pah-soh'-goon), ver.; river on W. coast of Mindoro, falling into sea 41 m. NW. of Iriron. PASOS (pah'-sohs), Sp.; point on W. coast of Zam- bales, Luzón, PASPASAQUI (pass-pah-sah'-key). ver.; hamlet in Lepanto, Luzón, 15 m. NW. of Cayán. PASSAGE, for.; island 3 m. in circumference, di- viding principal channels leading to Inner Malampaya Sound, W. coast of Paragua, Pala- wan. PASSI, or PASSY (pass'-see), ver.; pueblo in E. Iloilo, Panay, 24 m. N. of Iloilo. Pop., 13,802. - river in Panay. (See Taland Riv.) PASTORA (pass-toh'-rah) (shepherdess), Sp.; point on W. shore of Lingayen Gulf, Pangasinan, Luzón. PASTRANA, or MAMAYBANAY (pas-trah-nah, mah-my-bah-nigh'), Sp.; pueblo in E. central Leyte, 14 m. SW. of Tacloban. PASUMBÚQUID (pah-soom-boo-kid), nat.; moun- tain in NE. Leyte, 7 m. SE. of Babatugon. PASUQUÍN (pah-soo-keen'), nat.; pueblo on W. coast highway, on S. side of mouth of Bila- tang Riv., in NW. Ilocos Norte, Luzón, 10 m. N. of Laoag. Pop., 5,615. PATA (pah-tah), Sp.; island 1,434 ft. high, 41 m. E. and w., fronting Tutu Bay, S. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A. Small island 1 sq. m. lies immediately off E. coast. -anchorage on Sulu I., Sulu grp., Sulu A. - point on N. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, lat. 18° 42' 50' N. - point 3 m. SE of Cabicungan Pt., Cagayan, Luzón, one of 4 N. extremes of land in Luzón, Mayraira, Cabicungan, Dialao, and Pata. NW. point of immense bay. From here coast trends SE. 48 m. and thence 27 m. to Cape Engaño, forming large bay. - hamlet on N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. PÁTAG (pah-tahg), nat.; bay on E. coast of Al- bay, Luzón, lat. 13° 42' 10" N. PATAHÁN (pah-tah-hahn'), nat.; point on ex- treme E. shore of Albay, Luzón. PATALÚAN (pah-tah-loo'-ahn), ver.; point on main shore of Sulu I., Sulu A., 11 m. from Tulián I., S. of Silanga Pt. PATANAON (pah-tah-nah-ohn'), ver.; island s. of Palawan, between that island and Balábac. PÁTANG (pah'-tang), ver.; hamlet of Cagayán, Luzón, 3 m. inland from coast, 1m. W. of Pamplona Riv., and 31 m. N. of Pamplona. PATANOGAN (pah-tah-noh-gahn), ver.; hamlet near W. head waters of Bae-hao Bangahón Riv., SW. Sámar. PATÁOAN (pah-tah-oh-ahn), ver.; crater in cen- tral Cápiz, Panay, 7 m. SW. of Jagnaya. PATAÓN (pah-tah-ohn'), ver.; town on E. coast of Ragay Gulf in Albay, Luzón, 26 m. E. of Albay. - hamlet on Sw. shore of Sindangan Bay, 2 m. S. of Sindangan Pt., NW. coast of Misa- mis, Mindanao. PATAPAT (pah-tah-paht'), nat.: mountain on N. coast of Luzon and NE. corner of Ilocos Norte; prominent object for navigators among Ba- buyanes Is, and contiguous to Mayraira Pt. - point on coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, lat. 180° 41' 50' N. PATAUAN (pah-tah'-wahn), ver.; mountain in central Iloilo, Panay,on line of boundary with Cápiz, 4 m. NW. of Calinog. PATAWAN (pah-tah'-wahn), ver.; island of Bala- bac grp., off Sw. coast of Palawan, 1 m. E. of Bancalan I. PATAY (pah-tie'); river in Batangas, Luzón, ris- ing on N. side of Macolot Mt., flows S. and SE. and empties into Calupan Riv. - Mountain in Cordilleras which divide Ilo- cos Sur and Abra, Luzón, E. of pueblo of Santa María, Ilocos Sur, lat. 17° 15' Ñ. PATAYAN (pah-tah'-yahn), inlet 174 ft. high, in Laguimanoc Bay, S. coast of Tayabas, Luzon. PATEAN (pah-tay'-ahn), ver.; island of Sulu grp., Sulu A., lat. 5° 47' 10" N. PATELAN (pah-tayl-lahn), ver.; island immedi- ately inshore of Palm I., N. of Treacherous Bay, sw. coast of Palawan, PATEROS (pah-tay'-ross), Sp.; pueblo in Rizal, Luzón, at Pasig Riv., outlet to Laguna de Bay, 8 m. SE. of Manila. Pop., 2,842. - river emptying into Pasig Riv., on s. bank, Rizal, Luzón. PATIÁN (pah-teeahn'), ver.; island off Maimbún Bay, with bearing on that anchorage, Sw. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A. Villanil, curious rock, lies between it and Putic Pt. PATIANAY (pah-tyah-nigh'), ver.; mountain in central Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, form- ing divide of watersheds toward San Miguel Bay on NW. and Lagonoy Bay on SE., 28 m. NE. of Nueva Cáceres. 756 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PATICOLO (pah-tee-coh'-loh), ver.; island 1 sq. PATURAN (pah-tool-rahn), nat.; islet off SE. coast m. off N. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A. of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. - hamlet on N. shore of Sulu I., Snlu A. PATYACAN (paht-yah'-cahn), ver.; headland ap- PATILAN (pah-teel-lahn), nat.; point on W. shore proaching bay of Hinunangan, town on E. of Sarangani I., off SE. coast of Mindanao. coast of Leyte, 3, m. E. of that town. PATILLO (pah-teel-lyoh), Sp.; river in Cavite, - mountain on E. coast of Leyte, 2 m. SE. of Luzón, rising in Cordilleras which separate Hinunangan. that province from Batangas; flows N. and PAUAION (pah-wye'-ohn); bay on S. coast of empties into Cauan Riv. Mindoro formed by Buruncan Pt. on E. and PATIO (pah'-tyoh), Sp.: hamlet on E. shore of Bunga Pt., on Ylín I., on W.; lat. 8° 20' N. Guimarás Strait, Negros Occidental, 2 m. N. (Also Pandarochan.) of Valladolid. PAUD (pah'-ood), ver.; hamlet on Pirara Pt., - river in Cavite, Luzón, rising in Cordille NE. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 5 m. NE. of Panay. ras which separate that province from Ba PAUGOTCOTAN (pah-oo-goht-coh'-tahn), ver.; tangas and uniting its waters with Alasan Riv. hamlet near Benguet, Benguet, Luzón; gold PATLICÔ (paht-lee-coh'), Tag.; peak of range mines exist in vicinity. near China Sea coast, W. Batangas, Luzón. PAUICAN, or MASOG (pah-we'-cahn, mah-sog'), PATLÍN (paht-leen'), ver.; river in Pampanga, nat.; point on extreme SE. coast of Biliran Luzón, rising in mountain of same name, I., Off NW. coast of Leyte, at entrance to flows NE., passes near pueblo of Capas, in Daram channel. Tárlac, thence flows SE, and empties into - Point on Lubang I., China Sea, off W. coast Chico de la Pampanga Riv. Batangas, Luzón. -- mountain in S. of Tarlac, near boundary of - hamlet on extreme E. coast of Biliran I., Pampanga, Luzón. off NW. coast of Leyte, at opening to Daram PATLING (paht-leeng'), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of channel. Tárlac, Luzón, on bank of river of same PAÚLI (pah-00-lee), Tag., hamlet in pueblo of name, lat. 15° 18' N. San Pablo, Laguna, Luzón, on r. bank of Ca- PATNANONGAN (paht-nah-nohng'-ahn), ver.; luang Riv. island 8. m. N. and S., 3 m. E. and W., 3 m. - river in Laguna, Luzón, rising on N. side of E. of S. end of Polillo I., off coast of Infanta, San Cristóbal Mt., flows N., and unites its Luzón. waters with Santa Cruz Riv. PATNONGÓN (paht-nohng-ohn'), ver.; pueblo on PAUN (pah'-oon), ver.; island inshore in Matúbug W. coast of Antique, Panay, 12, m. N. of San Bay, in W. waters of Illana Bay, in Cotabato, José de Buenavista. Pop., 5,911. Mindanao. PÁTOC (pah'-tohk), nat.; hamlet in S. of pueblo PAUPÁN, or PAMPUN (pah-oo-pahn', pahm'- of Bangued, Abra, Luzón. poon), nat.; hamlet on NE. shore of Duman- PATOGAN (pah-taw-gahn), Tag.; point on NW. quilas Bay, in Zamboanga, Mindanao, 94m. coast of Cavite, formed of peak of Loro on r. NE. of Zamboanga. of entrance to Manila Bay, lat. 14° 18' N. PAÚROS (pah-o0'-rohs). ver.; name summit of PATOYAC (pah-toh-yack'), ver.; island 2 m. in short range running at right angles to W. extent, 1 m. off NE. point of Linapacan I., in coast of Sảmar, 18 m. NW. of Calbayac. Calamianes chain, off NE. coast of Paragua, PAVÍA (pah-veel-ah), Sp.; pueblo in SE. Iloilo, Palawan. Panay, 8 m. NNW. of Iloilo. Pop. 10,221. PATROCINIO (pah-troh-thee'-nyoh), Sp,; town PAYA (pah'-yah), ver.; islet 114 m. SW. by W. of on r. bank of Agusan Riv., in central Suri Agutaya, of 'Cuyos grp., Mindoro Sea. gao, Mindanao, 15 m. above its entrance into - second island of name in Cuyos grp., Min- Linao Lake and 59 m. S. by E. of Butúan. doro Sea, 90 ft. high, 25 m. W. of Cuyo, and hamlet on W. slope of mountain range in most W. of group. E. part of Misamis, Mindanao, 8 m. E. of - one of many islands in Dumanquilas Bay, Jasaan. S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao; W. is PATTOC (paht-tock'), ver.; hamlet of Lepanto, rock. near boundary of Ilocos Sur, 20 m. NW. of Cayán. PAYABON (pah-yah'-bohn), ver.; hamlet of Ne- PATUCÁNNAY (pah-too-cahn'-nigh), ver.; hamlet gros Oriental, 5 m. N. of Manjúyod, E. coast. in pueblo of Bangued, Abra, Luzón, in moun- PAYANACOY (pah-yah-nah'-coy), ver., stream of tains of Nangaycayan. Negros Occidental, emptying into Guimarás PATUCO (pah-too'-coh), ver.; port close to N. ex- Strait 1 m. N. of Súmag. tremity of Sarangani I., off S. peninsula of PAYAO (pah-yah'-oh), nat.; hamlet of Negros Dávao, Mindanao; entrance is recognized by Occidental, on l. bank of Guisan Riv., 64 m. cliff of red earth N.; inner head on W. shore SE. of Binalbagan. is lat. 5° 29' 10" N., lon. 125° 6' 29" E.; best anchorage is in S. part of port. - river of Tayabas, Luzón, emptying into Ragay Gulf. PATUGÁN (pah-too-gahn'), Tag.; hamlet in Ca- vite, Luzón, 22 m. sw. of Cavite. - river entering on W. coast of Sámar, N. of PATÚNANG (pah-too'-nahng), ver.; small stream Maulun. emptying into sea on NE. coast of Negros | PAYATA (pah-yah'-tah), ver.; hamlet on 1. bank Oriental, là m. S. of Calatrava. of Abra Riv., in Abra, Luzón, 7 m. SE. of PATUNGA (pah-toong'-ah), ver.: islet 455 ft. high, Bangued. 144 m. sw. of Agutaya, Cuyos Is., Mindoro - hamlet in pueblo of Lipa, Batangas, Luzón. Sea. PATUNGAN (pah-toong'-ahn), Tag.; cove be- PAYAUAN (pah-yah-wahn), ver.; town of Nueva tween Limbones and Carabao, 2 rock islets 1 Vizcaya, Luzón, 13 m. N. of Bayombong. on S. side of Boca Grande entrance to Manila PAYÁUIT (pah-yah'-wit), ver.; hamlet in pueblo Bay, in Cavite, Luzón. Boundary between of Gubal, in SE. part of Sorsogon, Luzón, 29 Cavite and Batangas runs out on SE. shore m. SE. of Albay. this cove. Coast is high and cliffy as far as Maragondon Riv., which forms boundary of | PAYJURIRAN (pie-hoo-reel-rahn), nat.; point on P highlands of Sierra de Pico de Loro. NE. coast of Albay, in pueblo of same name. PATUPAD (pah-too'-pahd), nat., small stream en PAYO (pah'-yoh), Sp.; pueblo on r. bank of river tering Tañón Strait 2 m. N. of Japitan Pt., entering Port Magamanoc, in Catanduanes W. coast of Cebu. I., NE. of Albay, Luzón. Pop., 2,800. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 757 tay. PAYO; island of Catanduanes grp., NE. of Albay, | PEÑA BLANCA (pay-nyah blahn'-cah) Sp.; town composed of 8 pueblos, 3 days' sail from Albay. in Cagayán, Luzón. Pop., 2,800. PEÑA FRANCIA (pay'-nyah frahn'-theeah), Sp.; PAYPAY, or PAIBAI, or OLD BANTAYAN (pie hamlet 1 m. NW. of Nueva Cáceres, Ambos pie', pie-by, bahn-tah'-yahn), nat.; hamlet Camarines (Sur), Luzón. on NW. coast of Cebú, 3 m. SW. of Daan Ban | PEÑA PLATA (pay-nyah plah'-tah), Sp.; town on W. shore of Sámal I., Dávao, Mindanao, 4. m. - point in E. Mindanao, called also Lamba E. by N. of Davao, across Pakiputan Strait. jan. - pueblo in Davao, Mindanao. Paz (path), Sp.; island sq.m., off SW. shore of PEÑA PLATA, or CORONADA (pay'-nyah plah'- Ramos I., N. of Balábac, Balábac grp., off SW. tah, coh-roh-nah'-dah), Sp.; hamlet 2, m SE. coast of Palawan, opposite Iranzo Pt. of Gorda Pt., in NW. corner of Zamboanga town in Tarlac, Luzón. Pen., Mindanao. town in Iloilo, Panay. PEÑARANDA (pay-nyah-rahn-dah), Sp.; pueblo - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzon, on r. bank of in Nueva Ecija, Luzon. Garlit Riv., lat. 15° 29' N. - town at center of 4 roads in Nueva Ecija, PDAY (pdi), ver.; hamlet in Namanbafuy Mts., Luzon, 8 m. NE. of San Isidro. Pop., 7,700. N. of Magat Riv., Isabela, Luzon. PEÑASCALES (pay-nyas-cah'-less), Sp.; point and PEAKED, for.; point forming N. head of Jibboom port 12 m. S. by E. of Malinao port, on E. side of Dinagat I., Off N. coast of Surigao, Minda- Bay, W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. nao, at entrance on W. side to sea channel PEAKED, or PICO (peel-coh). Sp.: island 110 ft. between Siargao I. on E. and Dinagat on W. high, with rock 23 ft. high, about #m. on W. to Surigao, N. coast of Mindanao; inland coast of Paragua, Palawan. River enters sea. rises Mt. Tristán, 2,074 ft. high. Brow Shoulder and Mts., 3,840 ft. high, rise PEÑASCOSA (pay-nyas-coh'-sah), Sp.; point on on coast opposite. W. coast of Moro Palawan, 13% m. NE. of PEAKED ROCK, for.; island between Cliff and Long Pt. Bluff Pts., China Sea shore, off Ulugan Pen., W. coast Paragua, Palawan, near boundary. PENÍNSULA (pay-neen'-soo-lah), Sp.; port inside peninsula of same name on E. shore of Diná- PEARL, for.; bank in Laparan cluster, Tawi Tawi gat I., off NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, on grp., Sulu A., 17 m. E. and W. and averaging way S. through sea channel leading to Suri- 9 m. N. and S. In center is circular coral gao. reef 18 m. in circumference, with dry patches in low water; has several small islands, high- --point at end of projection forming port of est 140 and 40 ft., among them Taja and Zau; same name on E. shore of Dinagat I., and all are covered with bushes; bank is resorted shelter for vessels entering passage leading S. to for pearl oyster, which abounds; lies 97 m. to Surigao, on N. coast of Mindanao. W. by s. of Sulu and 46 m. NNW of Tawi PEÑÓN DE CORÓN, or CROWN PEAK (pay-nyohn' Tawi (Amigos port). day coh-rohn'), Hisp.; rocky and precipitous · cluster of small islands, one 140 and an- island about 1,200 ft. high, 10, by 6 m., s. off other 40 ft. high, rising out of coral banks, in E. end of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., off Laparan cluster of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. NE. coast Paragua, Palawan, from which it is These islands lie on both sides of meridian separated by Corón Strait, 14 m, wide. S. end of lon. 119° 35 E., 92 m. W. by S. of Sulu. terminates in sharp, steep point named Calis, Pearl oyster is found on surrounding banks. which can be passed close to; 89 m. NE. by Depths range from 36 to 80 ft., most favorable N of Taytay, Palawan. Soil is sterile, but inhabitants find profitable employment in depth for unhelmeted divers, while imme- diately outside of their periphery, surround- gathering famous edible bird's nests, for which ing sea shows from 720 to 2,400 ft. (See Pearl Chinese pay double their weight in silver. Swift of commerce is found during proper bank.) season in caves or on faces of inaccessible PEDREGALES (pay-dray-gah'-less), Sp.; point on coasts of this remarkable island. Gathering NW. coast of Zambales, Luzón, asw. of Boli- of nests is attended with great risk on account nao C., lat. 16° 18' 20" N. of nature of coast. Nests are made from PEDREGOSA (pay-dray-goh'-sah), Sp.; islet in salivary secretions of swift, which hardens Port Usón, on s. coast of Busuanga I., Cala quickly and resembles white glue, Best mianes grp., off SW. coast of Mindoro. nests, for which Chinese pay enormous prices, PEDRUSCOS (pay-droos'-cobs), Sp.; point on W. are perfectly clear of all foreign material. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. Birds, however, when repeatedly robbed, seem to become dispossessed of sufficient PEDTAD (payd-tahd'), ver.; hamlet in extreme salivary secretions, in which case they supple- SW. corner of Misamis, Mindanao, 4 m. E. of ment their nests with grass and moss. Edible Pulangui Riy. birds of Peñón de Coron are unrivaled in PEEL, for.; mountain 3,600 ft. high, inland from market. Those of islands of Guimaras, Siqui- Honda Bay, on shore of Puerto Princesa (Port jor, and Palawan are simply fair in compari- Royalist), W. coast of Palawan, with peaks son. Beaufort and Thumb, and visible from both PEÑÓN MATINLOC (pay-nyohn' mah-tin-lock'). sides of island. Has bold, rocky appearance. Hisp.; narrow island, 37 m. long, off opening Ba-he Peak, on E. side, rises 2,406 ft. of Bacuit (Báquit) Bay, w. coast of Paragua, PEELAS (pay-eh'-lass), ver.; island of Basilan Palawan. grp., off S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 5 PEPITAS (pay-pee'-tahs), Sp.; cluster of black m. in length and 2 m. in width, lat. 6° 37' N. rocks 7 ft. high, 720 ft. in extent, 15 m, to S. PELIT (pay-lit), ver.; hamlet in SW. Sámar, 5 m. of Calabazas, SE. coast of Panay. NNE. of Basey. PEQUEÑA (pay-kay-nyah), Sp.; island 180 ft. PELLEANGAN (pay-lyay-ahn'-gahn), ver.; one of high, off NE. shore of Subic Bay, SE. coast of Sulu grp., Sulu A., 2 m. long and lmwide, Zambales, Luzon. lat. 6° 5' N. PEQUEÑO PICO (pay-kay-nyoh peel-coh), Sp.; PELOTE (pay-loh'-tay), Sp.; point on N. coast of mountain in Ambos Camarines, Luzon. Ilocos Norte, Luzón. PENA (pay'-nah), Sp.; hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, 5 PÉREZ DASMARIÑAS (pay'-rayth das-mah-ree'. m. ENE. of Cuartero. nyas), Sp.; pueblo in Cavite, Luzón, 14 m. s. of Cavite, on main road. Pop., 4,696. - point on W. coast of Busuanga I., Calamia- nes grp., between Paragua, Palawan, and PERICO (pay-ree-coh), Sp.; mountain in Sw. Mindoro, lat, 12° 27' N. Leyte. 758 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS PERIS (pay'-rees), Sp.; bay 13 m. NW. by N. of PICO TALACDANGAN, or LUGATOC (peel-coh Gorda Pt., on W. shore of Ragay Gulf, Taya- tah-lack-dahng'-ahn, Hisp.; loo-gah-tohk', bas, Luzón. ver.); mountain in N. Zambales, Luzón. PESCADO (pays-cah'-doh) (fish), Sp.; point on SE. PÍCOL (peel-cohl), ver.; point in W. Panay. coast of Palawan, 61 m. SSW. of Estancia PICOS (peel-cohs), Sp.; mountain in Marin- (Eustasia) Pt. duque, off Tayabas coast, Luzon. PESCADOR (pays-cah-dor) (fisher), Sp.; islet in PICOS DE GANASI (peel-cohs day gah-nah'-see), Tañón Strait, 4 m. off Mualbual and 31 m. Hisp.; mountain in NW. Mindanao. . SSW. of Copton Pt., W. coast of Cebú. PICTÁN (peak-tahn'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of PETAMBÚ (pay-tahm-boo'), nat.; point on W. Iligan, Misamis, Mindanao. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast Zambales, Luzón. PICTAO (peak-tah'-oh), ver.; town on 1. bank of PETISAN (pay-teel-sahn), ver.; point on NE. river paralleling Cagayán on W., 11. m. WSW. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, on Lamón Bay, lat. of Cagayan de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. 14° 6' 15" N. PICUDA (pee-coo'-dah), Sp.; point in W. coast of PETLEY, for: point at ENE. end of bight S. of Palawan. Tulian I., Sulu I., Sulu A. Hamlet of Carang PICUDO (pee-cool-doh), Sp.; mountain in Dinagat Carang lies near point. I., off N. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, PETROLEO (pay-troh'-lay-oh), Sp.; hamlet on W. coast of Leyte, 4 m. N. of Villaba. PIDDIG (pid-dig'), ver.; pueblo 8 m. E. of Laoag, Ilocos Norte, Luzón; wagon road connects PHANTOM, for.: islet N. of Pt. Bulaua. Linapa- with Laoag and San Miguel on W. and Sol- can I., off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. sona on SE. Pop., 10,841. PHILANTHROPY, for., or FILANTROPÍA (fee- PIDENG (pee-deng'), ver.; mineral spring in lahn-troh-pee'-ah), Sp.; point on SW. coast of Villaviciosa, Albay, Luzón. Palawan, 7m. W. of Nose Pt. PIDIGAN (pee-deel-gahn), ver.; pueblo of Abra, PIACÁN (pee-ah-cahn'), ver.; high and rugged Luzón, 3 m. from Bangued, with which it is point on W. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. connected by road and several trails in dif- S. headland of bight 18, m. S. of Dulunguin Pt. ferent directions on 1. bank of Abra Riy. town 3 m. inland from point of same name, Pop., 2,142. W. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. PIDILISAN (pee-dee-leel-sahn), ver.; hamlet in PIAGAO (pee-ah-gow'), nat.; point on SE. shore Bontoc, Luzón, across border from Lepanto, of (amasusu I., N. side of channel to Loog in summits of Gran Cordillera Central, 8 m. Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. W. of Bontoc. PIALUN (pee-ah-loon), nat.; creek entering on PIEDRA (pee-ay'-drah), Sp.; point on SE. coast 1. bank of Talayan tributary of Grande Riv. of Surigao, Mindanao, s. of Lamigan Head of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao. to Pujada Bay. PIAO (peeah'-oh), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of PIEDRA BLANCA (pee-ay'-drah blahn'-cah), Sp.; Dapitan, on N. coast of Dapitan, Mindanao. islet w. by N. of Animosa rocks in Corón. PIAPI (peeah'-pee), Tag.; point at sea end of S. Calamián channel, Calamianes grp., between boundary of Infanta, Luzón. Province is Paragua (Palawan) and Mindoro. here but 21 m, wide E. and W., summit of PIEDRAS (pee-ay'-drahs), Sp.: point on NW.coast Cordillera being line; coast is high and rug of Zambales, Luzón, E. of Bolinao; coast S. to ged; lat. 14° 20' 30" N. Caimán Pt, is level, of moderate height, and PIÁS (pee-ass'), ver.; hamlet in central Pampan- sterile; approach is bold and no bottom at 50 gas, Luzón, 6 m. NW. of Bacolor. fms., 1 m. off. - mountain in pueblo of Bangued, Abra, PIEDRAS, or SANGBAUEN (pee-ay'-drahs, sang- Luzón. bah'-wayn), Sp.: point and port on NE. entrance head of Ulugan Bay, W. coast of - river rising in mountain of same name, in Paragua, Palawan. pueblo of Bangued, Abra, Luzón. PIEDRAS PILAR (pee-ay'-drahs pee-lahr'), Sp.; - hamlet on r. bank of Agno Riv., in E. part islet 1, m, off W.. coast of Biliran I., off NW. of Pangasinan, Luzón, and on highroad 27 m. coast of Leyte, opposite Almería. SE. of Lingayen, PIG, for.; point N. shore of Loog Basin, Banaca- PIAT (pee-aht'), ver.; pueblo of Cagayán, Luzón, lan (San Andrés) port, NW. coast of Marin- E. of Chico de Cagayán Riy., and 16 m. W. of duque. Tuguegarao, connected by trail. Pop., 2,716. | PIGBILAO (pig-bee-lah'-oh), nat.; river entering PIBANGRÁN (pee-bahn-grahn'), ver.; mountain Bancul Bay, on NE. coast of Iloilo, Panay. in Abra, Luzón. | PIGCARANGAN (pig-cah-rahng'-ahn), nat.; river PICAZO (pee-cah'-thoh), Sp.; inland hamlet of empyting on SE. shore of Misamis port, Mi- Cápiz, Panay, 2 m. N. of Madalag. samis, Mindanao, SW. of Lamalana Pt. PICO (pee'-coh), Sp.; peak in Caraballos Occi- PIGEON, for.; islet in small group off N. side of dentales, Abra, Luzon. Maytiaguid, NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. PICO DE CAGAYÁN (peel-caw day cah-gah- PÍGUIL (peel-geel) nat., mountain in pueblo of yahn'), Hisp.: peak in extreme SW. corner of Bangued, Abra, Luzón. Cagayán, Luzon. In these mountains inter - river rising in mountain of same name, sects W. terminus of S. boundary of Cagayan Abra, Luzón; flows tnrough pueblo of Ban- with Bontoc, and 6 m. NW. S. end of Ca gued. gayán and Abra; also with E. lines of Bontoc. PIKIT, or CNAS (pee-kit', knahs), nat.; hamlet PICO DE LA BAHÍA (peel-coh day lah bah-ee'. on r. bank of Pulangui Riv., Cotabato, Min- ah), Sp.; mountain in Palawan. danao, 10 m. N. of Liguasan Lake. PICO DE LAS REINAS (pee'-coh day lahs ray'. | PILA (peel-lah). Sp.: puebla of Laguna, Luzón, nahs), Sp.; mountain in Palawan. near seashore of Laguna de Bay, on highroad, PICO DE LORO (peel-coh day loh-roh), Sp.; ex- 6 m. SW. of Santa Cruz toward Caláuang. tinet volcano 1,519 ft. high, in Cavite, Luzón, Pop., 5,987. lat. 14° 13' N., lon. 120° 36' E. PILAM (pee-lam'), ver.; hamlet on NE. shore of PICO DE LORO, SIERRA DE (see-ay'-rrah day Putiao port, NW. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón. pee'-coh day loh'-roh), Sp.; highlands on NW. | PILANDOG (pee-lahn-dog'), ver.; hamlet on 1. coast of Batangas, Luzón, approaching Ma- bank of mouth of river entering Sindangan nila Bay. Bay on S. shore, NW. coast of Misamis, Min- - mountain in Ilocos Norte, Luzon. danao. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 759 VARIATION NEARLY ..0°49 E.(1901) STATIONARY Hilary 1616M woman ിനി mmmm Dog SIARGAO I. PORT PILAR Pilar o Lat.9°51' (30) N. Long. 126°06'(30) E. Nautical Miles Dimensions between inner next hines: P293N-5,19.12"E-W 760 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PILAPINAHPAJAN (pee-lah-pee-nah-pah'-hahn), PINA (pee'-nyah), Sp.; island and inlet S. of nat.; point on N. coast of Ambos Camarines Masbate, Visayas. (Norte); forms with Dapdap Pt. Sógod Bay. PINABÁGDAO (pee-nah-bag'-dah-oh), ver.; pue- PILAR (pee-lahr'), Sp.; pueblo on E. shore of bay blo on E. shore of Villareal Gulf, in SW sa- setting inland at head of great bight on N. mar, 13 m. SE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 1,975. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 171 m. SE. of Cápiz. | PINABATAYAN (pee-nah-bah-tah'-yahn), ver.; Pop., 2,895; township, 8,905. town in E. Mindoro. - pueblo of Abra, Luzón, 3 m. from Bangued. PINABRICAJAN (pee-nah-bree-cah'-hahn), nat.; Pop., 4,107. river entering on SW. shore of entrance to - islet between Tomaso and Limbancanayan, Putiao port, SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón, be- in sea channel between Sámar and Masbate. tween Cidamid and Dumáguit Pts. - hill hamlet at headwaters of Pagsaban Riy., PINACANAUÁN DE CABAGÁN (pee-nah-cah-nah- Sámar. wahn' day cah-bah gahn'), ver.; river in Ca- - pueblo on island of Cebú, 38 m. from Cebu. gayán, Luzon, rises in Sierra Madre, lat. 170 44' N., flows W. and then WSW., crossing Pop., 4,268. pueblo of Tuguegarao, and empties into Ca- - pueblo and p. o. on W. shore of Manila gayán Grande Riv. in lat. 36° 40' N., after Bay, in Bataan, Luzón, 3 m. SE. of Balanga. course of about 25 m. Pop., 3,471. PINACANAUÁN DE ILAGAN (pee-nah-cah-nah- - town of Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón, on main wahn' day ee-lah'-gahn), Hisp.; river in N. highway, 16 m. NE. of Bayombong. Luzón, tributary to Grande de Cagayán Riv. - town which formerly stood on 1. bank of PINACANAUÁN DE TUGUEGARAO (pee-nah-cah- tributary of Agusan Riv., central Surigao, nah-wahn' day too-gay-gah-rah'-oh), Hisp.; Mindanao, 67 m. S. of Butúan. Owing to in river of Cagayản, Luzon, tributary to Grande accessibility and unhealthful surroundings de Cagayán Riv. from E. On r. bank, 4 m. town was abandoned for new location on from its confluence with main stream, is pro- main stream, about 7 m. SE. vincial capital Tuguegarao. - important town on extreme SE. shore of PINACANAUÁN DE TUMAUINI (pee-nah-cah-nah- SE. peninsula of Davao, Mindanao, NE. of wahn' day too-mah-ouil-nee), Hisp.; river of Camamauan Pt., 574 m. SE by S. of Dávao. Isabela, Luzon, emptying into Grande de - pueblo on E. side of entrance to Port Pu Cagayán Riv.at Tumauini. tiao, on NW. shore of Sorsogon, Luzón, 18 m. PINACAPULAN (pee-nah-cah-poo'-lahn), Tag.; SW. of Albay. Pop., 5,458. point on S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. - small circular port, 43 m. E. by N. of Suri- PINACHINGUYAN (pea - nah - cheen-good-vahn). gao, about 1 m. in diameter, steep-sided, with ver.; island 2 by 1, m., 1,020 ft. high, NW. of large rock on S. side, on E. side of Siargao, Caisin I., off Maytiaguid I., off NE. coast of off NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, Anchor- Paragua, Palawan. Red cliff rock is phy- age is on W. of this rock. sical feature of island. - town in Siargao I., off NE. coast of Surigao, PINACUAPAN (pee-nah-cwah'-pahn), ver.; is- Mindanao. land and point, N. coast of Ambos Cama- PILAR, DEL (dayl pee-lahr'), Sp.; hamlet in rines, Luzón.- Pampanga, Luzon, 4 m. NE. of Bacolor. PINACULAN (pee-nah-cool-lahn), nat.; point on PILAR, EL (ayl pee-lahr'), Sp.: hamlet on ex- NE. shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Luzón, treme SE. shore of Dalupiri I., extreme NW. W. of anchorage of Sorsogón. coast of Sámar. PINADLIHÁN (pee-nad-lee-hahn'), nat.; point on PILAS (peel-lass), Sp.: channel, 3 m. wide, be N. side of small bay, on SE. coast of Sámar, on tween that island to W. and Baluc and which is Hernani Mataja to E. and W. of Basilan I., off S. coast PINAGADIAN (pee-nah-gah-00'-yahn), nat.; ham- of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. let in pueblo of Jasaán, Misamis, Mindanao, - cluster of 9 high islands of Basilan grp., on N. coast. off SW. peninsula of Zamboanga, Mindanao, PINAGBUCÁN (pee-nahg-boo-cahn'), nat.; point 15 m. W., off W. extreme of Basilan I. on W. coast of Albay Gulf, Albay, Luzón. - main island in cluster of that name and - point on SE. shore of Albay Gulf and E. largest near Basilan, in Basilan grp., off SW. head to Poliqui Bay, Albay, Luzón. peninsula of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 247 m. W. by S. of Isabela, 6 by 2, m. and 918 ft. high. PINAGCALATAN (pee-nahg-cah-lah'-tahn), Tag.; Population consists of Moros. Land is gener- hamlet in W. Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 9 m. NW. ally low, except in N. are 2 hills close to- of San Isidro, in district of small lakes be- gether, 918 and 522 ft. high. Good anchor- tween main and Chico currents of Grande de la Pampanga Riv. age on NW. shore. PILI (pee'-lee), nat.; town on W. shore of Ajui PINAGCURUSAN (pee-nahg-coo-roo'-sahn), Tag.; Bay, SE. coast of Panay. creek and point on Maricabán I., off sw. coast of Batangas, Luzon. - pueblo in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 9 m. from Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 3,635. PINAGDAGATAN (pee-nahg-dah-gah-tahn), Tag.; - hamlet of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, W. point on SW. coast of Lubang I., China Sea. shore of bay of Ajui, 44 m. SW. of that town. at entrance to Verde Passage, off SW. coast of Batangas, Luzón. - mountain in N. Abra, Luzón. - ward in municipality of Ceba. PINAGHAYA (pee-nang-hah'-yah), ver.; point on E. coast of Panaón I., N. of Romano Bay, PILIGAN (pee-lee'-gahn), ver.; town in Abra, Cebú. Luzón. PINAGMAGLAYAN (pee-nahg-mah-glah'-yahn), PILILLA (pee-lee'-lyah), Sp.: pueblo on Bay road nat.: river in Mindanao emptying on E. coast, in Rizal, Luzón, 5 m. SE. of Mórong Pop., lat. 13° 2' N. 2,000. PINAGMUPÚAN (pee-nahg-moo-poo'-ahn), ver.; PILIPIL (pee-lee'-pill), ver.; hamlet of Lepanto, point on N. shore of Leyte, 2 m. NW. of Luzon, 3 m. S. of Cayán. Pop., 246. Capoocan. PILIS (pee'-liss), ver.; creek in E. Albay, Luzón. PINAGPANTÍAN (pee-nahg-pahn-tee'-ahn), nat.; PILISAN (pee-lee'-sahn), Tag.; point in Tayabas, point on E. coast of Principe, Luzón. Luzon, PINAGTANORAN (pee-nag-tah-noh'-rahn), Tag.; PILIT (pee'-lit), nat.; mountain in Sámar. tributary of Calumpan Riv., Batangas, Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 761 PINAGUAPAA (pee-nah-gwah-pah'-ah), nat.: one PINAMUNTANGAN (pee -nah-moon-tang'-ahn). of Calaguas Is., off N. coast of Ambos Cama Tag.; point and inlet in SW. Tayabas, Luzón. rines Norte), Luzón, 2 m. long, 1 m, wide, Aguasa Bay lies to N. lat. 14° 28' 20" N. PINANAAN (pee-nah-nah-ahn), ver.; tributary of PINAGUIDAYAN (pee-nah-gee-dah'-yahn), nat.; Agusan Riv., in Surigao, Mindanao, about 7 affluent from S. of Paracale Riv., Ambos Ca m. above junction of Tagabuka, at head of marines (Norte), Luzón. delta. PINAGUJAN (pee-nah-goo'-hahn), nat.; hamlet PINANABACAO (pee - nah-nah-bah' - cow), nat.; in pueblo of Mambúlao, Ambos Camarines hamlet in pueblo of Calbiga, Sámar, lat. 110 (Norte), Luzón. 34' N. - point on N. coast of Ambos Camarines PINANAYAN (pee-nah-nah'-yahn), nat.; hamlet (Norte), Luzón, lat. 14° 20' 40" N. of pueblo of Catarman, on N. coast of Sámar. PINAGUNGULA (pee-nah-goon-good-lah), Tag.; PINANDUNGAN (pee-nahn-doong'-ahn), nat.; ex- hamlet in pueblo of San José, Batangas, treme N. point of Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón, at foot of Macolog Mt., on r. bank of Luzón, and E. landmark of Mambulao port. Malaquintúbig Riv.. PINANGAYONAN (pee-nang-ah-yoh'-nahn), ver.; PINALABÚAN (pee-nah-lah-boo'-ahn), nat.; point mountain in NW. Mindanao. on SE. shore of deep bight, on N. coast of PINANINDING (pee-nah-nin-ding'), Tag.; point Cápiz, Panay, 6 m. SW. of Bulacaue. on S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, lat. 13° 52' N. PINÁLAG-DUAN (pee-nah-lahg doo-ahn'), nat.; PINAPANAAN (pee-nah-pah-nah'-ahn), Tag.; river in Tayabas, Luzón, emptying into hamlet in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 17 m. N. of San Làmón Bay. Isidro. PINALAKÁN (pee-nah-lah-cahn') nat.; point on PIÑAS (pee'-nyas), Sp.; islet about #m. long, E. coast of Cebú. (See Panalipan.) in Usón port, S. coast of Busuanga I., Cala- PINALIN (pee-nah'-leen), nat.; town on r. bank mianes grp., between Paragua (Palawan) and of N. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cota- Mindoro. bato, Mindanao. PINASIGBAHAN (pee-nah-sig-bah -hahn), Tag.; PINALOBO (pee-nah-loh-boh), ver.; mountain in hamlet in pueblo of Rosario, Batangas, Luzón. SE. Zambales, Luzón. PINATAYAN (pee-nah-tah'-yahn), nat.; rock ofl - peak 6,137 ft. high in Cabusilan range, Matimas Pt., between Malabang and Polloc Luzón. Harbor, on E. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, PINALUBO, or PINATUBO (pee-nah-lool-boh. Mindanao. pee-nah-too'-boh), nat.; mountain 6,040 ft. PINATUBO (pee-nah-too-boh), nat.; extinct yol- high in NW. angle of Pampanga, Luzon, near cano in lat. 15° 09' N., lon. 120° 19' E. intersection of boundary of Tarlac and Pam- 6,050 ft. high (another authority 4,841 meters, panga with Zambales; 3 m. NE.is peak 5,167 it. or 6,137 ft.), NW. part of Pampanga, Luzon. high; same distance S. Mt. Negrón, 5,453 ft., . (See Pinalubo Mt.) and 5 m. farther S. Mt. Cuadrado, 5,443 ft., | PINAUASAN (pee-nah-wah-sahn), ver.; S. point while 22 m. to NW. rises Mt. Iba, 5,262 ft. of Ipolote Bay, SE. coast of Palawan, This series of lofty elevations continues S. on PINAÚRAN (pee-nah-o0'-rahn), ver.; point on Bataan Pen., ending in Mariveles summits, highest 4,678 ft., overlooking Manila Bay on Sámar shore of San Juanico Strait, where E. and China Sea on W., group forming mag- Bacal I. reduces width of main channel to nificent landmark of approach from Hong- m. kong and N. China to Manila Bay. PINAVISAGAN (pee-nah-vee-sah'-gahn), Tag.; PINAMA (pee-nah'-mah), nat.; village W. side of bay NW. of Banta Pt., at extreme E. point of N. shore of Polillo I., off Infanta, Luzon. mouth of Quinapundán Riv., entering S. shore of Sámar, Visayas, 8 m. E. of Balan PINAYAT (pee-nah-yaht'), nat.; N. of chain of 4 giga. inland lakes in central Surigao, Mindanao, PINAMALAYAN (pee-nah-mah-lah'-yahn), nat.; 6 m. N. and S., and 3 m. E. and w. After pueblo on E. coast of Mindoro, 6 m. sw. of receiving waters of Agusan Riy. through Linao, Sadocun, and Dagun lakes it dis- point of that name. charges surplus waters through continuation - bay, river, and town on their shores and of same stream and disembogues into SE. point 5 m. NE. by E., on E. coast of Mindoro, angle of Butúan Bay on N. coast of Mindanao. town lying 33 m. SE. of Calapán. Pop., 292. PINDANGGAN-HO (peen-dahng-ahn-hoh), ver., PINAMAO (pee-nah-mah'-oh), ver.; hamlet on S. native name for town of San Fernando, capi- shore of extreme SE. Sámar, 4 m. S. of Quina- tal of Unión, Luzón. pundán. PINEDA (pee-nay-dah), Sp.; pueblo on E. shore PINAMITÁN (pee-nah-me-tahn'), nat.; point on of Manila Bay, in Rizal, Luzon, 3m. S. of E. shore of SE. extreme of Sámar. Manila. Pop., 9,825. (See Pásay.) PINAMONTUGANDO LAUIS (pee-nah-mawn-too- - river emptying into broad stream entering gahn'-doh lah'-wis), ver.; point on SW. coast on NE. shore of Putiao port, sw. coast of of Tayabas, Luzón, lat. 13° 14' N. Sorsogón, Luzon. PINAMUCÁN (pee-nah-moo-cahn'), nat.: inland PINGAMAN (pin-gah-mahn), nat.; creek enter- hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, 4. m. NE. of Bangá. ing on 1. bank of Upper Grande Riv. of Min- - river in Batangas, Luzón, rising in lat. 13° danao, 1 m. above Bacat, Cotabato, Mindanao. 40' N., flows W. and dividing into 2 arms PINGANO (pin-gah'-noh), nat.; point and moun- empties into Batangas Bay at point of same tain 374 ft. high, on NE. shore of Loog Bay, name. SE. arm of Nin Bay, W. coast of Masbate, PINAMUHAN (pee-nah-moo'-hahn), ver.; stream Visayas. Point is N. head to Gavet Bay. in NW. Leyte, entering bay 5 m. WNW. of PÍNGAT (ping'-aht), hamlet in Lepanto, Luzón, Capoocan. 15 m. from Cervantes. Pop., 914. PINAMULACAN (pee-nah-moo-lah'-cahn), ver.; PINGET (ping-ayt'). nat.; island at S. entrance hamlet, 5 m. SE. of Catarman, in Sámar. to Lapog Bay, S. of Salomague port, Ilocos PINAMUNGAJAN (pee - nah - moong -ah'- hahn), Sur, Luzón. ver.; river and pueblo at its mouth, on É. PINGOOG (pin-gaw'-ohg), nat.; hamlet in pueblo shore of Tañón Strait, W. coast of Cebu, 20 m. of Butúan, Surigao, Mindanao. due W. of Cebú across island. Hibayo, Negros PINIALAN (pee-nee-ah-lahn), ver.; town short Oriental, lies across Tañón Strait, 29 m. Pop., distance inland on r. bank of mouth of river 5,378. entering bay on NW.shore of Misamis. Llinda- - inlet in W. shore of Cebú. nao, 15 m. sw. of Dapitan. (See Blanca Pt. 762 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PINITAN (pee-neel-tahn), ver.; point at E. en- | PISACPISAC (pee-sack-pee-sack'), nat.; village trance to San Miguel Bay, Ambos Camarines and stream on SE. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., (Sur), Luzón. Sulu A. PINNACLE, for.; peak inland from Damayat Pt., PISAN (pee'-sahn), nat.; point on W. shore of on NW. shore Palúan Bay, NW.coast of Palú- Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. Tikala Is. an, extreme NW. point of Mindoro I. lie off this coast. - rock 1 m. off extreme NW. coast of Bu - river in Cotabato, Mindanao, 2 m. from suanga I., Calamianes grp., between Paragua, mouth of which lies town of that name. Palawan, and Mindoro. Subject to inundations 5 ft. during rainy - peak in NW. part of Mindoro, forming season. landmark for vessels entering Palúan Bay. - hamlet N. of anchorage of that name, - rock awash at low water, off Calcut Pt., under cover of point of river, and 2 m. from mouth of river of that name, W. shore of SW. coast Sorsogon, Luzón. Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. Country PINNACUCAN (peen-nah-coo'-cahn), nat.; ham- in vicinity is marshy and unhealthy. During let in pueblo of Manitao, Albay, Luzón, on S. rainy season water rises 5 ft. above surface. coast of Albay Bay, lat. 13° 6' 30'' N. PISANAN (pee-sah'-nahn), nat.; branch of river PINOONAN (pee-noh-oh-nahn). ver.; mountain tributary to Sibalom near town of that name, in NW. Bohol, 2, m. N. of Carmen, W. Antique, Panay. PINOPO (pee-noh'-poh), ver.; mountain in Pa- - hamlet on tributary of Sibalom Riv., An- nay. tique, Panay, 4 m. SE. of Sibalom. PINOQUIS (pee-noh-kiss), ver.; mountain in N. PITALO (peetah'-law), ver,; town in E. Cebú. Mindanao. PITÁS (pee-tahs'), nat.; point Sw.coast Cotabato, PINOS, or PINE (peel-nohs), Sp.; point at N. ex- Mindanao, S. of Nara Pt. tremity of Sepangow Bay, SW. Palawan. - mountain and point in S. Mindanao. - range of mountains in Abra, Luzon. PITO (peel-toh), Sp.; hamlet in Nueva Vizcaya, PINTADA (pin-tah'-dah), Sp.; island near Ultra Luzón, in mountains of Cordillera Central. I., in W. end of Nochebuena channel, to E. of PITOGO (pee-toh'-goh), nat.; mountain in cen- Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. tral Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 14, m. SW. of PINTÍAN (pin-teel-ahn), ver.; tributary of Abaot Carlés. Riv., in Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. - pueblo on S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, 35 m. PINTO (peen'-toh), Sp.; hamlet on l. bank of Pu- SE. of Tayabas, between Silankapo and Mabio langui Riv., in extreme SE. Misamis, Minda- Pts., 2 m. ENE. of latter. Pop., 3,011. Con- nao. nected by road with Gumaco, on N. coast. PINTUGAN (pin-too'-gahn), ver.; hamlet on SW. - anchorage in S. Tayabas, Luzón. coast of Panaón I., off SE. coast Leyte, 3 m. NW. of San Ricardo. - town on N. shore of small bay on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 82 m. SE. by E. PINUTAN (pee-noo'-tahn), ver.; headland on S. - bay between Corang-dato and Tandikan entrance to Romano Bay, E. coast of Panaón I., off SE. coast Leyte. Pts., on SE. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A. - hamlet on SE. shore of Romano Bay, E. - "silanga" between Ambos Camarines, coast of Panaón I., off SE. coast Leyte, 13 m. Luzón, and Pitogo, off extreme NE. end of SE. of Liloan. peninsula of Ambos Camarines (Sur), SE. of Panahonīga. PINZO (peen'-thoh), Sp.; mountain in pueblo of Tiaong, Tayabas, Luzón. - island NE, of peninsula of Ambos Cama- rines, Luzón. PÍO (pee'-oh), Sp.; hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 9 m. NE. of Bacolor. - river entering sea on SW. coast of Zam- boanga, NW. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. PIQUIGAN (pee-key'-gahn), ver.; pueblo in Bon- 'toc, Luzon. Pop., Cn. 1887, 893. PLACER (plah-thayr'), Sp.; pueblo on W. shore of small bay on NE. coast of Surigao, Min- PIQUIT (pee-kit'), nat.; territorial subdivision of danao. Pop., Cn. 1887, 893. district of Cotabato, Mindanao. PLAYA HONDA (plah'-yah ohn'-dah), Sp.; ex- PIQUITO (pee-key'-toh), Sp.; mountain in tensive plain in Batalan Mt., 1,847 ft. high, on Cavite, Luzon. coast of Zambales, Luzón. PIRARA (pee-rah-rah'), ver.; point on N. shore PLUS, for.; island on W. waters of Nochebuena of bight on N. coast of Cảpiz, Panay, 19 m. channel, to E. of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., into W. of Bulacaue Pt., extreme NE. point of great bay of S. Concepción, Iloilo, Panay. PLACIO (plah'-see-oh), Tag.; mountain in NE. PIRATAN (pee-rah'-tahn), ver.; river in Min Laguna, Luzón. danao. POBRE (poh-bray), Sp.; island 6 m. W. of Bary PIRATAS (pee-rah'-tahs), Sp.; rock 1 m. E. of Pt., SW. shore of Masbate I., Visayas. Dakula I., S. coast of Zamboanga Mindanao. POCAAGUA (poh-cah-ah'-gwah), Sp.; bay on W. PIRATE, for.; river entering San Antonio or coast of Negros between Liuliva and Cauayan Rocky Bay, on SE. coast of Palawan. Pts., in S. lat. 10° 4' N. - island less than 1,500 ft. S. of San Antonio | POCDOL (pock-doll'). ver.; extinct volcano in Bay, 56 m. NE. of Channel Pt., and 11 m. off SE. part of Albay, Luzón, lat. 13° 05' N., lon. coast of SE. Palawan. N. of this island lie 123° 54' E., between Albay Gulf on N. and rocks and sand patches, largest 1 m., 2 m. N. Port Sorsogon on S. of strip, 5 m. wide from of island and 1 m. from mainland. Bacon to Sorsogón towns, respectively, which - bay between Blockade Strait and inner connects Sorsogon with main body of Luzón. entrance and w. shore of Malampaya Sound, W. shore of Paragua, Palawan. POCOL (poh-cohl'), nat.; small stream on SW. coast of Leyte, 64 m. SE. of Albuera. - head on E. shore of Dumarán I., off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. PODOC (pawl-dock), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of San Jacinto, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. PIRÍS (pee-rees')ver.; inlet on NW. shore of Ragay Gulf, Tayabas, Luzón, N. of Ginhali- POEGTEY (poh-egg-tay'), ver.; mountain in Pan- nan Pt., lat. 130 40' 30" N. gasinan, Luzón. PISA (pee'-sah), Sp.; point on Batangas Bay, on | POGOTE (poh-goh-tay'), ver.; point on NW. coast S. coast of Batangas, Luzón, lat. 13° 38' N. of Leyte, lat. 11° 35' N. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 763 POINT, for.; hill 560 ft. high, on Hummock Pt., in SW. Palawan. Coast 5 m. SW. continues low range. On plain to SW. of this range is pecul- iar wooded mound fronting Corumi range. - peak on E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, 5 m. SSE. of Taytay, abreast of Paly I. N. of peak is inlet 3. m. in length with 2 islands at entrance, Shadewell I. being 1. m. off shore; village at head of inlet. - peak 960 ft. high, inland from Dampier Pt., on L. shore of Palawan, POK-ITANG (pock-ee-tang'), ver.; town of Bon- toc, Luzón. Pop., 543. POLÁ (poh-lah'), nat.; low point and important headland for navigators, off SW. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, 75 m. NW. by W. of Tinaka Pt. and 21 m. SE. of Malatuna Pt.; 6 m. E. of Pola Pt. lie village and river of Craan (Cana- rén). Coal deposits exists in this vicinity. From this point to Sarangani Bay coast is low and without sheltered anchorages. – river on SW. coast of Mindanao entering Célebes Sea at point of that name, and 5 m. SE. of W. boundary of Davao with Cotabato. - hamlet near point and mouth of river of that name, sw. coast of Davao, Mindanao, 108 m.sw. of Davao, 2. m. SE. of W. boundary of Davao with Cotabato. - bay 41 m. ESE. between Anahaoan and Dayap heads and 3, m. deep, opening to NE. on E. coast of Mindoro, 24 m. SE. by E. of Calapán. pueblo at mouth of river emptying into bay of same name, 27 m. SE. of Calapán, Mindoro. Pop., 572. PÓLAC (poh'-lack), ver.; creek and town NE. part of Marinduque I,, off SW. coast of Taya- bas, Luzón. POLANAS (poh-lah-nahs), ver.; hamlet on N. side of bay on E. coast of Sámar, 6 m. NNW. of Lanang. POLANCO (poh-lahn'-coh), Sp.; town on r. bank of river entering bay, S. of Sicayac Pt., NW. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, 6 m. sw. by S. of Dapitan. (See Blanca Pt.) POLANGUI (poh-lahn'-gee), nat.; pueblo on main road in Albay, Luzon, on r. bank of Inaya Riv., 184 m. NW. of Albay and 11 m. ESE. of Bato Lake. Pop., 10,057. - river in Mindanao, tributary to Grande Riv. of Mindanao. - town in Ambos Camarines, Luzón, on Qui- nali Riv. Pop., 10,000. POLANLUNA (poh-lahn-lool-nah), ver.; river ris- ing in Laba Mt., in Ambos Camarines Norte). Luzón, flows SE. through Camarines Sur, re- ceiving many tributaries, and empties into Naga Riv. through 2 mouths, 7 m. from San Miguel Bay, on N. coast. POLANTUNA (poh-lahn-tool-nah): ver.; river in Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzon, rising in peaks of same name. POLARICAN (poh-lah-ree-cahn), ver.; hamlet on W. shore of Taytay Bay, 7 m. N. by W. of Taytay, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. POLÁUIT (poh-lah'-wit), ver.; point on W. coast of Sámar. POLAY (poh-lie'), ver.; river of Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon, tributary to Magat Riv., branch of Cagayán Grande. POLDOC (pohl-dohk') nat.; river and island off Eits mouth, in SE. part of Alankao, Napang- pang Bay, sw. coast Sorsogon, Luzon. POLILLO (GROUP), OFF INFANTA, LUZÓN. (Poh-lee'-lyoh, Sp.) (Annexed to Tayabas Province, Luzon.) Chief town: Polillo, on SW. coast; lat. 14° 45' 30' N., lon. 121° 55' E. Area: 203 sq. m. Population: 1,500, estimated. Race: Tagálog. Language: Tagálog. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Polillo to Atimonan, Tayabas, Luzón.. Binangonan, Infanta, Luzón. Manila via Binangonan, W.. A group of islands in the entrance to Lamón Bay, N. side of the Tayabas and Cama- rines Pen., and E. off the mainland of Infanta, Luzón. Lat. 15° N. and lon. 122° E., intersect in the NE. center of Polillo I. On the N. and E. sweeps the Pacific Ocean, on the S. across Lamón Bay lie the shores of Ambos Camarines (Norte) and Tayabas, and on the W. Infanta, Luzón. ISLANDS. sq.m. On the E., SE., and S. of Polillo lie 21 charted islands (1902), as follows: sq. m. Balesín ..... Malanat ..... Nolaguinuan Buguitai.... Cabulua Palasan ...... Cabungeoén Patnanoligan Calagian.. Polillo ... Iguicon Teolong.... Jomálig. Lantao... Total.. Malaguinoan ..... 10 17 131 203 764 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The formation, like nearly all the groups of the P. A., is volcanic, the Malolo sum- mit being the central cone. The N. and W. sides of Polillo are clear of islands. The inhabitants are largely engaged in agriculture and fishing for home consumption. The soil and climate are good. The island of Polillo, included in the district of Infanta by act of P. C. June 12, 1902, was annexed to the province of Tayabas, Luzón, the inhabitants to enjoy the same rights and privileges as if the said 'territory had been originally incorporated in the province of Tayabas. The municipal officers in the town included in the territory to have the same relations to the provincial offi- cers of the province of Tayabas as prescribed by the provincial government act and the enabling act of province of Tayabas as provided for the municipal officers of the towns of the said province. POLILLO (poh-lee'-lyoh), Sp.; island, lat. 15° N., POLO; river of Mindoro flowing by hamlet and lon. 121° 53' 5' E., 30 m. NW. to SE. and 16 m emptyfng into bay of same name. NE. to SW.; area 131 sq. m.; off E. shore of - bayon NE. coast of Mindoro between Infanta, Luzon. In center is mountain with Dumali and Amajao, and receives waters of wooded slopes. Lies to N. of Lamón Bay and river of same name. protects that large indentation of Pacific shore of SE. Luzon from N. winds, affording - island N. of Leyte. excellent shelter. Chief port, Polillo. Off lake in Leyte. E. shore of island are 19 islands, among them - point 8 m. NNW. of Layaban Pt., and form- Palasan E., Patnonongan E. of S. end, and ing W. head to Iligan Bay on N. coast of Min- Iguican E. of latter. It belongs to jurisdic- danao. Point composed of dark rocks heavily tion of Tayabas, Luzon. Its topography con- wooded; S. of point are 2 islets. sists of central summit (Malolo) from which diverging ridges descend to coast at all points - island off S. coast of Bohol, lat. 9° 39' 40' N. of compass. It has several hamlets and town, - point on E. coast of Negros Oriental, lat. Polillo, on fine bay on SW. coast. Soil is fer 9° 49' 20" N. tile and inhabitants raise crops of maize and POLONGSANTO (poh-long-sahn-toh'), ver.; ham- other products for their own use, beside en- let in central Pampanga, Luzón, 7 m. NW. of gaging in fishing. Bacolor. - port on W. shore of island of same name, POLOSAN (poh-loh'-sahn), nat.; summit near N. with 14 fms. depth approach and 24 m. across shore of Sámar, about 8 m. SW. of coast town channel from Binangonan, Infanta, Luzón. of Bombón. Pop., 1,400. POLOT (poh-lot'), nat.; river entering on W. - pueblo on SW. coast of island of that name, shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao, 2 on SE. shore of Polillo Bay, on N. bank of m. SW. of Misamis. mouth of Oro Riv., 271 m. E. of Binangonan de Lampón, Infanta, Luzón, across interven- - river in pueblo of Baleno, Masbate, Visa- ing sea channel. yas, emptying on NE. coast. POMELIKAN (poh-may-lee'-cahn), ver.; one of POLIQUI (poh-lee-key), nat.; bayin extreme SW. N. islands of Cagayan Sulu grp., 180 ft. high, waters of Albay Gulf, Albay, Luzón. On its 7 m. N. of Lapun - Lapun anchorage. W. E. shore is town of Manito. point of island is in line with W. end of - village on NW. shore of bay of same name, Mandah. SW. side of Albay Gulf, Albay, Luzón. PONCLIÁN (pohn-clee-ahn'), ver.; point in Leyte. POLIS (poh-lease), ver.; system of mountains in PONGBASAN (pohng-bah'-sahn), nat.; hamlet in Abra, Luzon. pueblo of Bangued, Abra, Luzón. POLLOC (poh-lyock); pueblo on S. shore of Po- PONGLÔ (pong-loh'), Tag.; mountain in Nueva lloc port, Cotabato, Mindanao, 10 m. N. of Ecija, Luzon. Cotabato (named from Moro word Palak, PONGON (pong'-ohn), ver.: mountain in S. cen- separated); on island of that name forming tral Leyte, 15 m. S. of Bitó Lake, 5 m. WNW. N. point of bay and detached from mainland of Abúyog. by narrow channel, Sampinitan, with but 1 PONON (poh'-non), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, ft. of water. Large vessels can enter harbor 3 m. W. by N. of San Enrique. and anchor with safety. Town was partially destroyed by an eruption of Macaturín Vol- PONOS (poh'-nohs), islet in Grande Riv. of Min- cano in 1879. Pop., Cn. 1887, 390. danao, Cotabato, Mindanao, 8 m. above Tum- - island on which is town of that name, on S. side of point of harbor of that name, on PONOT (poh'-noht) ver.; town on NW. coast of E. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. Dapitan, Mindanao, SW. of Blanca Pt., 29 m. WSW. of Dapitan. POLLOC, or PALAK (poh-lyock', pah-lac'), ver.; PONSON (pohn-sohn'), ver.; NE. of islands of port on E. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Min- Camotes grp., off W. coast of Leyte and in danao, elevations of Rangayan or Súgut Mts. opening to Ormoc Bay; town of Cáuit lies on rise 14 m.inland. Harbor opens W., between SW. shore. Panga Pt. (N.) and Mariga-batú (Red rock) (S.) 4 m., and is protected from W. winds by PONT (pohnt), Sp.; point on W. shore of NW. Bonga I., harbor of good depth, and safe. On peninsula of Cagayán, Luzón. N. side are bays of Cidamak and Súgut and PONTADO (pohn-tah-doh), ver.; point in Biliran on S. wider bays in which are anchorages I., off NW. coast of Leyte. Polloc and Paran Paran. Rangayan Cor- dillera, and Macaturín Volcano, which burst | PONTEVEDRA (pohn-tay-vay'-drah), Sp.; town forth in violent eruption in 1879, lie 28 m. in Cápiz, Panay, 12 m. SE. of Cápiz. Pop., E. by N. 9,512. POLLOS, LOS (lohs poh'-lyohs), Sp.; islands off river in Panay. W. coast of S. Palawan. (See Gallina.) - pueblo of Negros Occidental, on E. shore of POLO (poh -loh), Sp.; pueblo in extreme SE. Guimarás Strait, 22 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., corner of Bulacán, Luzón, 74 m. SE. of Bula- 12,000. cán. Pop., 7,549. PONTO (pawn-taw'), nat; river in Pangasinan, - hamlet in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 4 m. S. of Luzón, flowing WSW. and entering another San Isidro, on road to Manila. river., lat. 15° 51' N. bao. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 765 PONTOD (pohn-tohd'), ver.; point on Sw.coast of POSDEY (pohs-day'). ver.; summit in Gran Cor- Leyte, 2 m. NW. of Hilongos. dillera Central, in SE. Abra, Luzón. PONUD (poh-nood'), ver.; hamlet in N. Sámar, - peak 4,733 ft. high, in Caraballos Occiden- 9 m. SE. of Catarman. tales, in Abra, Luzon. POPONTÓN (poh-pohn-tohn'), ver.; hamlet in N. POSEDAL (poh-say-dahl'), nat.; village at mouth central Sámar, 8 m. S. of Catubig. of river of same name on NW. shore of Sorso- POPOTAN (paw-paw'-tahn), nat.; hamlet in Ilo- gón port, Sorsogón, Luzon, NW. of Cagua- ílo, Panay. yon Pt. POPOTOTAN (poh-poh-toh'-tahn), ver.; island POSÓN (poh-sohn'), nat.; northeasternmost of m. off N. shore of Galoc I., Calamianes grp., Camote Is., 9 m. s. of Mérida, on S. coast of off NE. coast Paragua, Palawan, chain of Leyte, 5 m. N. and S. and 4 m. E. and W. islands extends across strait separating Cala- Nearest land on shore of Leyte is at Calunan- mián and Busuanga. gan Pt., 5, m. NNW. POQUITAN (poh-key'-tahn, ver.; pueblo in Bon- POTANGA (poh-tang'-ah), ver.; mountain in toc, Luzón. Pop., 439. Abra, Luzón. PORA (poh'-rah), ver.; point on W. shore in ex- POTIQUE (poh-tee-kay), ver.; point in E. Albay, treme NW. waters of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Luzón. Mindanao. POTOGO (poh-toh'-goh); hamlet in Iloilo, Pa- PORAC (poh'-rack), ver.; pueblo in Pampanga, nay, on river emptying into sea at Valverde. Luzón, 9 m. NW. of Bacolor. Pop., 8,515. POTOL (poh-tohl'), nat.; point on NW. extreme PORO (poh'-roh) Sp.; central of Camotes Is., 7 m. of Panay, 3% m. W. of Saboncogon Pt., with N. and S. and 9 m. E. and W.; N. point 11 m. which it forms small bay, and 83 m. WNW. of S. of mainland of Leyte. Poro, its port, is on Bulacaue Pt., at NE. extreme of island. E. of Potol Pt., at less than 1 m., are 7 rocky S. shore. islets, called Taguadián Is. - pueblo and anchorage on SW. shore of Poro POTOSAN (poh-toh-sahn), nat.; river entering on I., of Camotes grp., Cebu. Pop., 7,000. E. side of inlet on N. shore of Putiao port, - island in SE. waters of Sorsogon port, Sor- SW. coast of Sorsogón, Luzon, sogón, Luzón, E. of Macugil Pt. | POTOTAN (poh-toh-tahn), nat.; pueblo on 1. - hamlet in pueblo of Bulusan, Sorsogon, bank of Jalaur Riv., Iloilo, Panay, 16 m. N. Luzon. by E. of Iloilo. Pop., 14,512. - river in Misamis, Mindanao. POTTIN (pawt-tin'), ver.; river in Pampanga, -- islet in mid-channel between Biliran I. off Luzon, flowing SE. by hamlet of same name; NW. coast, and mainland of Leyte, 1 m. be affluent of Macandor, tributary of Chico de la tween points. Pampanga Riv. PORO PANAEN (poh'-roh pah-nah-ayn), nat.; POYAC (paw-yack'), ver.; river of Tayabas, Lu- islet 95 ft. high, in middle of E. entrance to zón, emptying on E. coast. channel between Santiago I. and NE. coast of POZO (poh'-thoh), Sp.; village on W. shore of Zambales, Luzón. Canahauan Dacó I., of Canahauan Is., off w. PORO SUR (poh'-roh soor), Sp.; village on penin- coast of Sámar. sula terminating in San Fernando Pt., which POZO DE ITAN (poh -thoh day eel-tahn), Hisp.; forms W. shore of San Fernando Harbor, mountain 10 m. E. of Calape, W. coast of Unión, Luzón. Bohol. PORT ISABELA, for.: harbor accessible to yes- | POZORRUBIO (poh-thoh-rroof-byoh), Sp.; pue- sels of all sizes in channel between Malamaui blo in Pangasinan, Luzón, 22 m. E. of Lin- I. and mainland of Basilan, off S. coast Zam- gayen, with which it is connected by high- boanga, Mindanao. During Spanish ascend- ency it was S. Spanish naval station of P.I., way. Pop., 9,123; township, 9,947. witharsenal for equipment and repair of small PRAHÚ (prah-hoo'), ver.; point on SE. coast of vessels, also naval hospital and wharf with Palawan, 75 m, NE. of Ipolote Bay. Moro 20 ft. of water; is now garrisoned by U. S. settlement on shore. marines. Channel is 4 m. long and 14 cables PRENSA (prayn'-sah), Sp.; hamlet in Bulacan, (1,080 ft.) wide. Mangroves on either side Luzon, 12 m. E. of Bulacan. grow to water's edge. (See Isabela de Basilan.) | PRESA MAYOR (pray'-sah mah'-yohr'), Sp.; ham- PORTOLÍN (pohr-toh-leen'), Sp.; town on bight let at junction of fountain tributary of Tu- between Diuata and Sipaka Pts., N. coast of maga and branch which runs S. into sea by Misamis, Mindanao, 43 m. NNE. of Cagayan de its own channel; 5 m. N. of Zamboanga, Zam- Misamis. boanga, Mindanao. PORTUGUESA (pohr-too-gay'-sah), Sp.; point N.of | PRINCESA DE ASTURIAS (preen-thay'-sah day entrance to Port Sual, in Pangasinan, Luzón. ahs-too'-ryahs), Sp.; Spanish name for Puerto Has small round tower on its bluff and beacon Princesa, or Port Royalist, E. coast of Pala- on S. edge of reef, also iron light-house. wan. PRÍNCIPE, SUBPROVINCE OF TAYABAS, LUZÓN. (Preen'-thee-pay, Sp.) Capital: Baler, lat. 15° 40 6' N., lon. 121° 33' E. Area: Mainland, 1,216 sq. m.; dependent islands, 2 sq. m.; total, 1,218 sq. m. Population: Príncipe, 4, 100; Binatangan, 6,370; total, 10,470. Race: Ilongotes, Italones, and Negritos. Languages: Tagalog, Ilocano, and Ilongote. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters Manila, Luzón, Table of distances. From Baler to Manila, Sw. San Isidro, SE....., Bongabón, Nueva Ecija on the main highway. thence to San Isidro.. 766 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The subprovince of Príncipe is bounded on the N. by Isabela; E. by the Pacific Ocean; S. by Nueva Ecija, and w. by Nueva Ecija and Nueva Vizcaya. AREA. It measures 64 m. from NE. to SW. along the Pacific coast and 43 m. from N. to S. along the meridian of lon. 121° 30' near its W, border. Area, mainland, 1,216 sq. m.; dependent islands, 2 sq. m.; total, 1,218 sq. m., the size of Rhode Island. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The country is an uninterrupted succession of lofty mountains generally inaccessible and covered with dense vegetation. In the narrow valleys between the coast range and the parallel chain forming the NW. and the N. boundaries, the Casignán Riv., in a number of tributaries, carries the drainage into Baler Bay through a passage in the mountains near the W. border. A number of mountain streams in the S. part form the Baler Riv., which enters the bay of that name. BAYS AND HARBORS. The coast off this province is but little known. The following are the bays: Baler; one of the finest on the Pacific coast, 9 m. between Delgada and Encanto Pts., with 7 to 68 fms. Baler is situated on a small inlet on the S. shore. Casiguran; a sound 17 m. in length, 7 m. between heads, between Ildefonso Pen. and the mainland of Príncipe, with from 17 to 90 fms. Baltimore Peak, 600 ft. high near the point of the peninsula, is the headland to the entrance. The NE. end of the sound forms a bay of the same name, about 6 m. in diameter, with from 16 to 26 fms. It is entered from the sound by a channel ] m. wide. On the SE. shore is a landmark 300 ft. high. It is one of the best sheltered bays in Luzon. The town of Casiguran lies about 3 m. inland from the N. shore. Dibut; S. of Encanto Pt., which separates it from Baler Bay on the N. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are no roads and but a few trails, which can only be traversed on horseback or horse hammocks and with great difficulty. Ships seldom visit the coast on account of the lack of trade, and during the NE. monsoons navigation in small boats is very dangerous. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The total population is 10,470, including 4,100 registered inhabitants, besides Ilongotes, Italones, descendants of the Ilongotes living in the N. part, and Negritos, speaking Tagalog and Ilocano among the half civilized and Ilongote among the wild races. In the mountains of the NW. is the former comandancia of Binatangan, com- posed of the villages of Ilongotes (Italones or Ibalaos) and a few wandering Negritos, the half civilized inhabitants numbering 370 and the wild races estimated at 6,000. In the town of Munquia are 4,182 inhabitants, including both half civilized and wild. The languages are Tagalog and dialects bearing the names of the tribes using them. The division of Príncipe into pueblos and their respective population, according to the oensus of 1887, is as follows: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Subprovince and pueblos. Men, Women. Total. Príncipe: Baler. Casignán.. Casiguran .. 1,190 97 906 2,193 1, 117 84 942 2, 307 181 1, 848 4, 336 Total. 2, 143 Estimated, 1901, 10,470. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 767 The following are the chief towns: Baler; on a point of swampy ground, at the mouth of the river of that name, which enters the bay of the same name. Pop., 1,911. Casignán, San José de; on the r. bank of the Casignán Riv., 8 m. NW. of Baler. Pop., 200. Časigurán; at the mouth of a small river entering the head of the bay of the same name, 39 m. NE. of Baler. Pop., 1,527. Dicapulao; at the mouth of a small river on the W. shore of Baler Bay, 6 m. N. of Baler. Dilásac; situated to the N. between the Sierra Madre Mts. and the boundary of Isabela, near the bay of the same name. Ditalo; on the r. bank of the Casignán Riv., 4 m. above its entrance into Baler Bay, 9 m. N. of Baler. Munquia; in the comandancia of Binatangan. Pop., 4,182, including the sur- rounding country. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The coast has but few adjacent islands, as follows: sq.m. Confites, Los; a chain of small islands running almost parallel with the coast between Encanto Pt., at the mouth of Baler Riv....... Diotoring; S. of Encanto Pt., between Dibayabay and Dicapinisan Pepitas; an island and 4 rocks NE. of the island in Baler Bay Dependent islands, 3; total area.. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. In the vicinity of the towns rice, corn, coffee, cotton, sugar cane, tobacco, choco- late, sweet potatoes, and vegetables are raised for home consumption. MINERALS. Although no scientific exploration of this region has been made, the existence of gold and copper and large deposits of crystalized quartz have been made known through native sources. FORESTS. The forest woods, among them baticulin, banaba, catmon, yellow narra, and guyad, are of excellent quality and grow in great abundance. FRUITS. The fruits of this section are in less variety than in other parts of Luzón owing to the rugged character of the surface. In the vicinity of the few towns and villages are cultivated bananas, sapotes, and pineapples. INDUSTRIES. Except for domestic use there are no mechanical industries. The coast inhabit- ants engage chiefly in fishing. In the bay of Casiguran, during the NE. monsoon, hundreds of tons of fish are caught, and which constitute an important article of trade with the populous provinces to the S. The inhabitants, especially in the vicinity of Baler, are great hunters, large game being very abundant in the mountains. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. In September, 1899, the U.S. S. Bennington visited Baler Bay during a cruise off the E. coast. In April, 1900, the U. S. S. Marietta, while patroling the E. and SE. coast of Luzon, landed a command at Baler and Casiguran. The troops taking possession at Baler established a United States garrison at that point. Under the departmental organization scouting minor operations were con- tinued in this section, certain places of rendezvous were destroyed, and stores cap- tured or burned. On February 15, 1892, Príncipe was garrisoned by United States troops, as follows: Baler, 768 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Under act of the P. C. June 12, 1902, the district of Príncipe was annexed to the province of Tayabas, organized under the provincial government act February 6, 1901, and the enabling act of Tayabas, Luzón, March 12, 1901, the inhabitants to enjoy the same rights and privileges as if the said territory had been originally incorporated in the province of Tayabas. The municipal officers in the town included in the territory to have the same relations to the provincial officers of the province of Tay- abas, as prescribed by the provincial government act and the enabling act of province of Tayabas, as provided for the municipal officers of the towns of the said province. PRÍNCIPE ALFONSO, PUERTO DE (pwayr'-toh | PUERTO GALERA; capital of Mindoro and pueblo day preen'-thee-pay ahl-fohn'-soh), nat. (See on Varadero Bay, on SE. side of peninsula Calandorang Bay, W. coast of Balábac I.) terminating in Escarceo Pt. and opposite PROMONTORIO (proh-mohn-toh'-ryoh), Sp.; Galera port. point forming N. head of St. Paul Bay, W. PUERTO PRINCESA (pwayr'-toh preen-thay'. coast of Paragua, Palawan. sah), Sp.; bay, lat. 9° 44' N., lon. 118° 43' E. (na- PROSPERIDAD (prohs-pay-ree-dahd'), Sp.; town tive name Iuáhit), formerly known as Royal- at junction of E. head water branches of Gi- ist, 41 m. NE. of Table head. Surrounded by bong Riv., in central Surigao, Mindanao, 92 densely wooded plain fronting high mountain m. SSE. of Surigao. ridge SW. of Peel Mt. Entrance by strait of 3 m. length and 2 m. in width. Port extends PROVIDENCIA (proh-vee-dayn'-thyah), Sp.; S. 3 m. farther N. and is 2 m. wide. On N. side head of Sepangow Bay, SW. coast of S. Pala- is Bancaobancaon Pt. and on S. Sur de Panag- wan. tacan Pt. Town itself lies in cove in angle PUAHONGÓN (pwah-hong-ohn'), ver.; mountain on N. shore, with Batería Pt. as its headland. in Leyte. Port is indented by many small bays with PUAN (pwahn), nat.; island on W. side of Illana named headlands. Iuáhit Riy. enters from Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. W., opposite town. PUBOG (poo-bohg'), ver.; mountain on 1. bank of PUERTO PRINCESA, or PORT ROYALIST; pue- Yubasan Riv., 9 m. WSW. of San Julián. blo of S. Palawan, about center of E. coast, on large and well-sheltered bay of same name. PUCAO (poo-cow'), ver.; mountain in Gran Cor- Lies on small tract on E. shore projecting dillera Central, on boundary between Abra into bay and has fort. Obando Mole is 136 and Cagayán, Luzon. yds, in length, ending in wooden tower 13 ft. PUCDUL (pook-dool'), nat.; river entering on SE. high, with fixed light and 13 ft. of water. On shore Barrera port near its entrance, NE. Saboruco (Tide Pole) Pt., about 1 m. SE. of coast Masbate, Visayas. town, lat. 9' 43' 43" N., lon. 118° 42' 12 E., is PUCIO (poo'-thyoh), ver.; point on NW. coast white tower, 43 ft. above high water, with of Panay, 620 ft. high, at extreme SW. ex- fixed light visible 18 m. in clear weather. tremity of land on that shore and W. end of Country in vicinity is cultivated. Pop., 1,589. boundary between Cápiz and Antique, 8 m. PUERTO PRÍNCIPE (pwayrl-toh preen'-thee- S. by W. W. of Naisog Pt. pay), Sp.; port on Balábac I., off SW. end of PUEBLO VIEJO (pway'-bloh vyay'-hoh), Sp.; Palawan. hamlet on SW. shore of Panaon I., off SE. PUG (poog); point on NE. coast of Marinduque, coast of Leyte, 1 m. N. of San Ricardo. off coast of Tayabas, Luzón. PUENC (pwaynk), ver.; river of Laguna, Luzón, PUGA (poo'-gah), Sp.: island of Babuyanes grp., rising in central Cordilleras which form point off N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. of Jalajala and emptying into Laguna de Bay. PUGALO (poo-gah'-law), ver.; hamlet on coast PUENTE DE PATIOITO (pwayn-tay day pah-tee I road, SE. Cebú, 3 m. S. of Dumaguete. oy'-toh), Hisp.; divide of water sheds in S. PÚGAT (poo'-gaht), nat.; point 41 m. WSW. of part of Negros, streams flowing from this Belan Pt., on Sulu roadstead, Sulu I., Sulu A. common central elevation into Guimarás Strait on N., Tañón Strait on E., and sea on PUGBABONAN (poog-bah-boh'-nahn) ver., moun- S. and w.coasts. (See Llanura de Tablas.) tain in central Leyte, 6 m. SW. of Jaro. PUENTE DE TUMAGA (pwayn-tay day too-mah'- PUGDURUHAGUAN (poog-doo-roo-hah'-gwahn), gah), Hisp.; hamlet in Zamboanga, Minda- ver.; point on s. coast of Bataan, Luzón, in nao, on r. bank of Tumaga Riv., 4 m. N. of port of Mariveles. Zamboanga, and terminus of road. PUGTOL (poog-tall'), Tag.: river in Tayabas, Lu- PUERCOS, or HOGS (pwayr'-cohs), Sp.; island zón, on N. coast and empties into Tayabas Bay. S. of Balicuatro Pt., extreme NW. land of PUGUS (pool-goos), ver.: W. coast hamlet of Zam- Sámar and S. head to W. entrance to San boanga, Mindanao, on S. shore of bay, 541 m. Bernardino Strait. (See Balumpiri.) N. of Zamboanga. PUERTO (pwavr'-toh), Sp.: extreme S. point of PUGUT (poo-yoot') nat.; point N. coast Sulu I., Palaui I. and W. headland of entrance to Sulu A., SW. of Sulu. channel between that island and mainland PUINTIÁN (pwinn-teeahn'), nat.; mountain in of Cagayán, Luzón. Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón, lat. 16° 12" N. PUERTO, DEL (dayl pwayr'-toh), Sp.; port and town on S. end of Palaui I., off NE. coast of PUJADA (poo-hah'-dah), Sp.; island 200 ft. high, 12 Cagayán, Luzón. sq. m., on E. coast of Davao, Mindanao, in middle of entrance to Pujada Bay. Divides PUERTO BELLO (pwayr-toh bay'-lyoh), Sp.; bay access into 2 channels. Several islets lie off on W.side of Ormoc Bay, only safe anchorage its SE, point. on S. coast of Leyte during generality of typhoons. - port and bay opening 81 m. on Pacific coast of Davao, Mindanao, between Lamigan and PUERTO DE DARIGAYOS (pwayr'-toh day dah- Tumadgo Pts., and extending 14 m. NNW. ree-gah'-yohs), Hisp.; hamlet of pueblo of inland. Entrance is divided into 2 channels Namacpacán, in Unión, Luzón. (See Dariga- by Pujada I. Separated from Mayo Bay by yos.) long peninsula of Guanguan, which termi- PUERTO GALERA (pwayr'-toh gah-lay-rah), Sp.; nates in Lamigan Pt., and has extreme width port of Mindoro, about center of N. coast, on of 7 m. about middle. Would constitute best NW. side of narrow peninsula terminating in harbor in Mindanao were it not for very S. Escarceo Pt. great depth. Shores of this magnificent ex PHILIPPINE IBLAND MINDANAO - SOUTH ZAST COAST PUJADA BAY SOUR TROM THE SPANISH COVE T SURVEY OF NO 74 LITHO WASHINOTON, DC S Doc 280 57 19 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 769 Lozon 1 GULP OF RAGAI PORT PUSGO Tham a Spanish Suway 1868 Tonguta P* Luar. Lang 1273530W S. Doc. 280- 49 770 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PUJADA-Continued. PULI (poo-lee'), nat.; island of Cuyos grp., Min- panse of landlocked water abound in good doro Sea, 24 by 1 m., lat. 11° 3' Ñ. timber, such as alintato, variety of ebony; mo- PULIAMEY (poo-leeah'-may-ee), ver.; peak in lave, teak of commerce, comunu, connarus Caraballo Sur, in Ambos Camarines, Luzón. santaloides, useful as cabinet wood, and ce- dar. Also fine plantations of cacao, coffee, PULILAN (poo-leel-lahn), Tag.; pueblo in Bula- and tapioca. Mastic of good quality, wax, and cán, Luzon, 7 m. NW. of Bulacán, Pop., honey are abundant. Mountain abounds in 10,058. deer and wild hogs. - port on W. shore of Iligan Bay, N. of Tabu PULÁ (poo-lah'), nat.; point on NW. shore of Pt., Misamis, Mindanao. Pulúan Bay, NW. coast of Mindoro. PALILANGA (poo-lee-lahng'-ah), nat.; creek en- - river in Pola, Mindoro. tering bank of Talayan tributary of S. branch PULÁ CANAG (poo-lah' cah-nahg'), ver.: point on Grande Riy.of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao. SW. coast of Negros Occidental, 2 m. N. of PULIPUNTÍ (poo-lee-poon-tee'), nat.; village on Inayauan. N. shore San Antonio Bay, E. coast of S. Pala- wan, E. of Marangás. Also watering place PULAHAN (poo-lah'-hahn), nat.; crater in Cápiz, for vessels. Panay, 4 m. NE. of Madalag. | PULIS (poo'-liss), ver.; mountain in Infanta, Lu- - hamlet of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay,1 m. zón, 13 m. SE. of intersection of W. bound- NW. of Sara. ary line of Infanta by dividing line between PULANAUTA (poo-lah-now'-tah) ver.; hamlet 2 Rizal (N.) and Laguna (S.). Maja bansalano m. NW. of that point, Masbate I., Visayas. Riy, rises on its S. declivity. - point at extreme sw. end of Masbate I., PULÓ, or TAMITANG (poo-loh', tah-mee-tahng'), Visayas, W. head of gulf of Asid and N. point nat.; coast hamlet of Negros Oriental, 2 m. of Jintotolo channel between Masbate and SE. of Tanhay. Panay. PULO CABALLO (poo-loh' cah-bah'-lyoh), Hisp.; PULANDAGA (poo-lahn-dah-gah'), nat.; point on island in Manila Bay, Luzón. (Also Caballo N. coast of Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón. I.) PULANGI, or PADIDU (poo-lahng'-ee, pah-dee' PULÓ CALAMCÂ (poo-loh' cah-lahm-cah'), Tag.; doo), nat.; creek emptying on r. bank of island of Laguna de Bay, off Laguna coast, Upper Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Luzon. Also known by name of Dampalit. Mindanao, near Upper Pagalungan. PULÓ MALAGI (poo-loh' mah-lah-hee), Tag.; PULANG LUPA (poo-lahng-loo'-pah), nat.; point island off SE. shore Talim I., Laguna de Bay, at NE. head to Baliangao Bay and on line of Rizal, Luzón. Seat of United States military boundary between Misamis on E. and Dapi- prisons, by order of Secretary of War, known tan on W., Mindanao. Also observation spot as Island of Maligi military prisons. for bay named in lat. 8° 39' 42" N., lon. 1230 PULÓ MASLAY (poo-loh' mas-lie'), ver.; hamlet 34' 55" E. in Pampanga, Luzon, 7 m. W. of Bacolor. PULANGUI (poo-lahn'-gee), ver.; 'longest and most important river of Mindanao, sometimes PULÓ MUNTÍ (poo-loh' moon-tee'), Tag.; islet known as Grande Riv. of Mindanao, particu- in Manila Bay, Luzón. larly as it approaches its outlet on S. coast. PULÓ PARI (poo-loh' pah'-ree), nat.; small is- River rises on S. slopes of Malatucan Mt. with land midway in E. channel to inner bay of in 21 m, of N. coast, near boundary between Lamón between Naranjo Pt. (E.) and Alabat Misamis and Surigao, thence follows S. course, I. (W.), off N. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. receiving many tributaries between moun PULÓ SALVADOR (poo-loh' sahl-vah-dohr'), tain range on E. forming boundary with Hisp.; island on SW. side of Masinloc port, W. Surigao and another range which begins on coast Zambales, Luzón. N. coast, intervening valley being 21 m. wide, PULONG BALAGIDO (pool-long bah-lah-hee'- and takes parallel trend to S. After course of 42 m. in direct line it takes SW. course daw), Tag.: island in s. waters of Batangas to town of Sevilla, where suddenly turning Bay, E. of Maricabán I., off coast of Batangas, SE., passing through defile in range on its W. Luzón.. shore, turns SE., passing towns of Valencia PALONG MALAGUA (pool-long mah-lah-gwah'), and Lepanto, and follows at W. foot of this ver.; hamlet in Pampanga, Luzon, 11 m. N. range, taking general SSW. course, receiy of Bacolor. ing many streams and passing from Misamis | PULONG NAPÁYONG (pool-long nah-pah'- into Cotabato, 67 m. in direct linė. There it yawng), Tag.; island in Laguna de Taal, E. off suddenly turns W., paralleling N. shore of Volcán I., in Batangas, Luzón. Lake Liguasan, which waters it receives, and PULONG PINANGOLASISIHAN (poo'-long pee- thence turning NW., from which point it re- ceives name of Grande Riv. of Mindanao. It nahng-aw-lah-sea-sea'-hahn), Tag.; island in reaches delta, distance of 37 m., at Cotabato, bay of Batangas, E. of Maricabán I., off Sw. capital, and enters Illana Bay, 5 m. distant. coast of Batangas, Luzón. Entire length of this stream passes through PULTOC (pool-tock'), ver.; mountain in Abra, region of great fertility and large population Luzón. and section of important agricultural indus- | PULU (poo-loo), nat.; fountain tributary of N. try. branch of Lagasan Riv., Negros Occidental. - point in NE. shore of Palawan, PULUGAI (poo-loo-gi'), nat.; point on r. bank of PULGAR, or THUMB (pool-gahr'), Sp.; mountain Upper Grande Riv. of Mindanao, near Dalana SW. of Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Mountain creek, Lanao, Mindanao. sides are covered with ferns, orchids, and PULULAN (poo-loo'-lahn), nat.; hamlet in Iloilo, pitcher plants, including 2 entirely new spe- Panay, 1, m. N. by E. of Pototan. cies, one of trailing variety and another of PULUNBATÓ (poo-loon-bah-toh'), nat.; cogonal enormous size, pitcher holding 1pints of water. In December, 1892, Dean C. Worces- on SE. extreme of Zamboanga Pen., Min- ter, accompanied by his native companions, danao. scaled summit, being first person known - island off N. coast of Ambos Camarines to have accomplished feat. Palawan eleva (Norte), Luzón, about center. tion is given at 4,260 ft. View from lofty | PULUPANDÁN (poo-loo-pahn-dahn'), nat.; ham- height was beyond description. To N. and s. let on E. shore of Guimarás Strait, 31 m. N. as far as eye could scan stretched dense for- of Valladolid, Negros Occidental. ests of towering monarchs of vegetable king- dom; to E. spread green expanse of Mindoro, PULUPANTAO (poo-loo-pahn-tah'-oh); islet off and to w. blue waves of China seas. (See NE. point of Binuluangan I., off extreme NE. Long, Larga Pt., W. coast of N. Palawan.) coast of Iloilo, Panay. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS SOUTH COAST OF LUZON PUTIAO AND PANLATUAN PORTS From a Spanisk survey in 1893 CuN Dadt Potat, Lat. 125210 N Long 19:13:05°r. EWE & CWh 31mn. Springerine ! fent Robyn R SOUNDINGS IN TEET Knad, Sta. Crne ne TIINA Wils R PUTIA 4 d'OX PILAR widt So Du adat Nina 1967 S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 771 PULUPULA (poo-loo-pool-lah), nat.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, lat. 17° 26' 30' N. PULUT (poo-loot') nat.; point on W. shore of Misamis port and 1 m. to SW. of fort, Misamis, Mindanao. PULUTE (poo-loo-tay), ver.; connecting cordi- llera of central range of Palawan, trending NW. between Cordilleras Bulanjao and Mala- nut; 7 m. inland and 3,067 ft., with another peak 2,930 ft. high. PUNAHÚAN (poo-nah-hool-ahn), nat.; islet in entrance to Aroad Riv., emptying on NE. shore of Putiao port, SW. coast of Sorsogon. Luzón. PUNAS, or LOBOÓ (poo-nahs, loh-boh-oh'), Tag.; point forming central mark of broad head- land composed of spurs of Sierra de Lobo, Batangas, Luzón. Remarkable for red patches near beach. PUNCÁN (poon-cahn'). Tag.; pueblo in Nueva Écija, Luzón, 52 m. NE. of San Isidro. Pop., 501. PUNDAGUITAN (poon-dah-gee'-tahn), nat.; ham- let on E. shore of Davao Gulf at S. extreme of SE. peninsula of Dávao, Mindanao, 57 m SSE. of Dávao. PUNGOL (poon-gawl'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. - point on S. coast of province and bay of Batangas, Luzón. PUNSÓ (poon-soh'), nat.; mountain in E. Sámar which separates drainage of narrow strip of territory 34 m. between Orás and Ulut Rivs., near their mouths. river in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón, rising in pueblo of Mambúlao and emptying on N. coast. PUNTALES (poon-tah'-less), Sp.; hamlet in Con- on. cepción, Iloilo, Panay, 1. m. SE. of Concep- ción. PUNTE (poon'-tay), ver.; small stream entering head of San Antonio Bay on SE. coast of Pala- wan. PUNTOC (poon-tock'), ver.; mountain on SW. border of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay,5 m. S. of Lemery. PUNUBULU (poo-noo-boo-loo), ver.; cluster of islets in NE. waters of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, SW. Sámar, 7 m. SE. of Basey. (Also Panubulun (q. V.), name given to the main island.) PUNULL (poo-nool'), nat.; island in lower reach of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cota- bato, Mindanao. PUNUNGAN (poo-noong'-ahn), nat.; hamlet on E. shore of Maimbún (Maibún) Bay, near Putic Pt., S. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A. - island s. of Simutu Pt., SE. shore of Siasi I., Sulu A. PUNUTT (poo-noot'), ver.; hamlet in central Cotabato, Mindanao, 25% m. E. by N. of Cota- bato. PUPUÁ (poo-pwah'), nat.; river entering on W. coast of Sámar, SE. of Silanga. PURA (pool-rah), Sp.; pueblo in Tarlac, Luzón, 12 m. from Tarlac. Pop., 5,255. - island inside mouth of broad river empty- ing on NE. shore of Putiao port, SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. - island off extreme NE. coast of Zambales, Luzon, on W. side of entrance to Lingayen Gulf. (See Santiago I.) PÚRAY (pool-ri), nat.; fountain tributary of stream in S. Sámar, emptying into sea 3 m. E. of Balangiga. PURIN (poo'-reen), nat.; river flowing along E. boundary between Batangas and Tayabas, Luzón. PURO (pool-roh), Sp.; cluster of islets on sw. side of Port San Miguel, NW. coast of Ticao I., Masbate, Visayas. PURRA (poo-rrah), island on N. coast of Zam- bales, Luzón, emptying into gulf of Lingayen, PUSAN (pool-sahn), ver.; S. point of Caraga Bay, E. coast of Mindanao. Point is low and formed of cavernous rocks, which give it somewhat weird appearance from sea, par- ticularly owing to violent eddies formed by current which begins to be strongly felt oir this point, usually raising very high sea and dashing with great force against rocks, throw- ing spray to great height. PUSGO (poos'-goh), Tag.; point at N. head to port of same name, W. shore of Ragay Gulf, Tayabas, Luzón. - port and point in SE. Tayabas, Luzon, on W. shore of Ragay Gulf. Tumagugtu Pt., E. head to inner harbor, is lat. 13° 31' N., lon. 122° 35' 39" W. Good anchorage and well sheltered. PUSGO, or MAYASAS (poos'-goh, mah-yah -sahs), Tag.; bay extending 5 m. NW. on w.coast of Ragay Gulf, one of most frequented anchor- ages; width between S. entrance points is 1} m. San Narcisco is on N. shore. PUSÍLAO (poo-see-lah-oh), ver.; river in Minda- nao. PUSTONGO (poos-tohn-goh), ver.; mountain in S. Leyte, 6 m. NW. of Sógod Nuevo. PUSULGUÂ (poo-sool-gwah'), ver.; river in Abra, Luzón, rising in Cusa Mt., flows SW. around Sagan Mt. by N. and W., and unites its waters with Tineg Riv. PÚTAD (poo'-tahd), nat.; hamlet on W. coast of Cebú, 3, m, N. of Tuburan. PUTAINGA (poo-tah-ing'-ah), nat.; island off E. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. PUTAN (pool-tahn), nat.; village on W. shore of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. PUTIAO (poo-tee-ah-oh), ver.; large shallow in- let only to be entered by coasters at high water, entrance points being 1 m. apart on SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzon. Geographical position at Dumaguit Pt., 3) m. SSW. of Pilar, lat. 12° 52' 10" N., lon. 123° 38' 18" E. - point 8 m. SE. by E. of Marigondón Pt., on SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. PÚTIC (pool-tick), nat.; islet and point in Sulu I., Sulu A. - islet 440 ft. high, off NW. end Cuyo I., Cuyo8 grp., Mindoro (Sulu) Sea. PUTILI (poo-teel-lee), ver.; island in Dumanqui- las Bay, opposite several mouths of Duman- quilas Riv., S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, near Dayana I. PUTOL (poo-tohl'), nat.; river emptying on SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. - summit, 118 ft., on SE. shore of Súbie Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. PUT PÚTAY (poot-pool-tie), ver.; hamlet on sw. coast of Leyte, 3 m. N. of Inopacan. PUYA (pool-yah), Sp.; islands in Cuyos grp., Min- doro Sea, E. of Paragua, Palawan. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 773 QUEBRADA (kay-brah'-dah), Sp.; peak 3,080 ft. | QUÍLIP (key-lip), Tag.; river in Batangas, Lu- high, in Caraballos Occidentales, in line with zón, on S. of Tombol Mt., empties into Calum- heights which form Caraballo Norte, inland, pán Riv. E. of Bojeador C., Ilocos Norte, Luzon. QUILIQUILI (key-lee-key'-lee), nat.; hill on s. QUEEN'S BAY, for.; opening on W. coast of Pala bank of Ulut Riv., near its outlet, Sámar. wan, between Bubon and Oyster Pt.; Queen's QUILOQUILO (key-loh-key-loh), Tag.; river in Bay Peak, inland, is 1,030 ft. high. pueblo of Rosario, Batangas, Luzón. QUEEN'S BAY PEAK, for.; elevation 1,030 ft. QUIMINATIN (key-mee-nah-teen), nat.; one of high, in central range of N. Palawan, inland Cuyos Is., Mindoro Sea, lat. 10° 53' 30" N. from Queen's Bay, Palawan. QUIMAYA (key-mah'-yah), ver.; river in Min- QUENSITOG (kayn-see-tohg'), ver.; mineral danao. spring in district of Quiangán, Lepanto, Lu- QUIMÁNQUIL (key-mahn'-kill), ver.; mountain zón. in Misamis, Mindanao. QUENTÉN (kayn-tayn'). ver.; hamlet on shore of Imurúan Bay, W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. QUIMBAL(kim-bahl'), ver.; town in Iloilo, Panay. QUESIN (kay'-seen), ver.; hamlet on W. coast of OUIMBON (kim-bohn'). ver.hamlet on r. bank Cotabato, Mindanao, 117 m. SE. of Cotabato. of Abra Riv., in Abra, Luzón, 9 m. SE. of Ban- QUIANGÁN (key-ang-ahn'), ver.; hamlet of Nueva gued. Vizcaya, Luzón, near N. boundary with Le- QUIMINALÍN (key-mee-nah-leen'), ver.; extreme panto, 21 m. N. of Bayombong, with which it SW. island of Cuyos Is., Mindoro Sea, 16 m. is connected by road. WSW. of Cuyo. former comandancia bounded on N. by QUIMITAD (key-mee-tad') (wedge), ver.; NE. of Bontoc, on S. by Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela, 3 islets, E. of Dumarán I., E. coast Paragua, .and on w. by Lepanto. Area about 64 sq. m., Palawan. and population about 30,000, divided among QUIMPAL (kim-pahl'), nat.; hamlet on r, bank of multitude of hamlets, of which at least 218 Abra Riv., in Abra, Luzon, 8 m. E. of Bangued. are known. Principal town, Quiangan, situ- OUINABAGDAI (key-nah-bahg-die'), nat.; hamlet ated in valley of same name, which runs in pueblo of Calbiga, Sámar. from N. to S. from Lepanto to Nueva Vizcaya, following along Abulao Riv., branch of Magat QUINABALOAN (key-nah-bah - loh'-ahn), Tag.; Riv. Other important towns are Magulang, hamlet in pueblo of Hagonoy, Bulacan, Nangaoa, Lagani, Sápao, and Bonaue. Now Luzón. part of Lepanto. QUINABASAHAN (key-nah-bah-sah -hahn), nat.; QUIAPO (key-ah'-poh), Tag.; small headwater riyer in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon, stream uniting with Laguán, forms tributary entering Bicol from E., 7 m, above Nueva of Lepajan Riv., Tayabas, Luzón. Cáceres. - one of chief suburbs of Manila City. (See | QUINABLANGÁN (key-nah-blahng-ahn'), ver.; page 189.) town of Surigao, on E. coast of Mindanao, ż QUIBAO (key-bah'-oh), ver.; river in Ambos Ca- m. SW. off Bagoso Pt., 164 m. SSE. of Surigao. marines (Norte), Luzón, emptying into Talka- Pop., 299. uayan Bay, Ragay Gulf. -hamlet in pueblo of Matí, Dávao, Mindanao, QUIBÁSAG (key-bah'-sahg), ver.; hamlet in Sw. on Pujada Bay, Valete port. Sámar, 1 m. N. of Basey. QUINABLAYÁN (key-nah-blah-yahn'), ver.; point QUIBUÑGAN (key-boong'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in and village in E. Mindanao. Benguet, Luzón, 8 m, NNE. of Trinidad. QUINABOAN (key-nah-boh'-ahn), ver.; hamlet 2 Pop., 519. m. NW. of Gándara in SW. Sámar. QUIDABUN (key-dah'-boon), ver.; groupof islands QUINABUCASAN (key-nah-boo-cah-sahn), nat.; S. of Mindanao, composed of islands of Muda, NW. point of mainland of Ambos Camarines Bacula, and Baya. (Sur), Luzón. QUIDANCAC (key-dahn-cack'), ver.; inlet in S. QUINABUGAN (key-nah-boot-gahn), nat.; island of Mindanao. NE. of Ambos Camarines, Luzón. QUIDAPIL, or KIDEPIL (key-dah-pill', key-day- QUINABUHAN (key-nah-boot-hahn), nat.; moun- pill'), ver.; most W. and salient point on W. tain in SE. Mindanao. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao. From this point begins NE. trend of coast along Illana Bay to QUINABULASAN (key-nah-boo-lah'-sahn), Tag.; Polloc Harbor, and SE. trend to extreme S. small island in Laguna de Bay, off sw. shore point of Mindanao. Point lies 27 m. SW. of in Rizal, Luzon, between mainland and S. entrance to Mindanao Riv. From it to Talim I. Tinaka Pt., S. extremity of Mindanao, coast QUINABUNGAN (key-nah-boong'-ahn), nat.; river is clean with good depths and several bays. in Mindoro, emptying into sea on E. coast. QUIJADA (key-hah'-dah), Sp.; point on Pacific QUINABUYAN (key-nah-boot-yahn), Tag.; island coast of Cagayan, Luzon, 4 m. S. of Escar- off S. coast of Ambos Camarines Sur), Luzón; pada Pt. 1 sq. m. QUILAT (key-laht'), ver.; crater in Cápiz, Panay, QUINACBACBAGÁN (key-nack-back-bah-gahn'). 6 m. sw. of Pontevedra. nat.; point on SW. coast of Lubang I., China OUILBAIT (kill-bah'-eet). Tag.; town and point Sea, off NW. coast of Mindoro. in SE. Tayabas, Luzon. QUINACURAN (key-nah-cool-rahn). ver.: moun- QUILBÁU (kill-bah'-00), nat; hamlet in pueblo tain in Antique, Panay, forming divide at of Lupí, Ambos Camarines, Luzon, on r. bank head of branches of Ibajay, flowing N., and of river of same name. of river flowing W. into sea, on opposite coast. - river in Ambos Camarines, Luzón; flows QUINAGABIGAN (key-nah-gah-bee'-gahn), Tag.; SW., passing hamlet of same name, and river in Laguna, Luzon, flowing N., then E. empties into sea. and emptying on E. coast, lat. 14° 25 10" N. 774 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. N. QUINAGARINGAN (key-nah-gah-ring'-ahn), ver.; QUINATASAN (key-nah-tah'-sahn), nat.; island hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, NW. by W. of Passi, off N. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Lu- 44 m. zón, 3 sq.m., lat. 13° 58' 40" N.. QUINAGCAB (key-nahg-cahb'), ver.; hamlet in QUINATUNAN (key-nah-tool-nahn), ver.; hamlet Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. SSE. of Sigma. in hills of NW. Sámar. QUINAGSAGAN (key - nahg-sah' - gahn), nat.; QUINAUAJAN (key-nah-wah'-hahn), nat.; small mountain in central range of S. Leyte, 17 m. stream entering Tañón Strait, through Ba- ESE. of Inopacan. sayan, 10 m. S. of San Remigio, W. coast of QUINALANG (key-nah-lahng'), nat.; anchorage in Cebú. N. Mindanao, on E. side of Iligan Bay, and N. QUINDABYN (kin-dah-been'), ver.; island s. of of Iligan, Mindanao. QUINALANGAY (key-nah-lahng-i'), ver.; inland QUING-AQUING (king-ah-king'), nat.; pueblo of hamlet of Cápiz, Panay, 4 m. N. of Madalag. Bontoc, Luzon. Pop., 512. (Also Quinaquil.) QUINALAPAN (key-nah-lah'-pahn), ver.; point QUINGLANSÁN (kin-glahn-sahn'), nat.; hamlet on W. shore of Albay, Luzon, N. of Bulán. on r. bank of Lagonoy Riv., near its mouth, QUINALASAG, or BAGATA (key-nah-lah-sahg'. in Albay, Luzón, 35 m. N. of Albay. bah-gah'-tah), nat.; island off NE. coast Am QUINGUA (king'-wah), Tag., road center and bos Camarines (Sur), forming N. side of port pueblo in Bulacan, Luzón, 6 m. N. of Bula- of Sisiran, 4 m. in length, moderately high, cán. Pop., 8,854. and free from surrounding dangers. Bacay - river in Bulacan, Luzón. Above Baliuag (Bagacay) and several smaller islands lie to on this stream are fine quarries of volcanic stone used as building material. Banks of QUINALI (key-nah'-lee), nat.; hamlet in pueblo stream are thickly grown with prickly bam- of Malinao, Albay, Luzón. boo 10 and 12 ft. high. River during rainy - point on extreme SE. shore of Bohol, 7 m. season floods plain. There are fine sugar E. of Guindulman; nearest point of Camiguin fields on its banks. I. lies 34 m. across sea channel SSE. QUINILUBÁN (key-nee-loo-bahn'), nat.; island - hamlet in Lepanto, Luzon, 7 m. NW. of of Cuyos grp., Mindoro Sea, lat. 11° 57' N. Cayán. Pop., 138. - group of 4 islands, largest being 27 m. NW. QUINALIGAN (key-nah-lee-gahn), ver.; island of and SE. N. outlying islet is most N. of Cuyos Biri grp., off NW. coast of Sámar. grp., Mindoro Sea; 62 m. E. of Linapacan I., off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan, 22 m. QUINALIJAN (key-nah-leel-hahn), Tag., hamlet NNW. of Agutaya. in NW.Tayabas, Luzón, near intersection of Laguna Batangas and Tayabas NW. bound- QUINIQUITAN (key-nee-key'-tahn), nat.; hamlet ary, SE. of Tiaong. in pueblo of Jasaán, Misamis, Mindanao. QUINALUSAN (key-nah-loo'-sahn), nat.; river in QUINTABON (kin-tah-bohn'), Sp.; mountain in S. extreme NE. part of Negros Occidental, and part of Negros Oriental, 9 m. W. of Sibulan. empties into sea at Bitó. At its foot are 2 large mountain lakes. QUINAMALIGAN (key-nah-mah-lee'-gahn), nat.: QUINUGUITAN (key-noo-geel-tahn), ver.; pueblo S. island, 2 m. sq., of Balicuatro grp., Sámar. on NW. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, W. of QUINAMANUCÂ, or INDANG (key-nah-mah-noo- Sipaka Pt., 39 m. N. by E. of Cagayan de Misa- cah', inn-dahng'), ver.; island off Indang mis. Pop., 1,320. Pt., E. coast of Ambos Camarines Norte), QUINUTPÁN (key-noot-pahn'), ver.; hamlet in Luzon. Iloilo, Panay, 9 m. WNW. of Banata. QUINÁN (key-nahn'), ver.; branch of Manapla Riv., N. coast of Negros Occidental. QUIÓHAY (key-oh-high), ver.; S. point of en- trance to bay leading to Villaba, on W. shore QUINANAD (key-nah-nahd'), ver.; point on E. of Leyte. shore of Panaón I., off SE. coast of Leyte. QUIOT (key-oht'), ver.; pueblo at head of bay, QUINANAHÚAN (key-nah-nah-hoo-ahn), Tag.; Port Dupon, on extreme S. shore of W. Leyte, bay on S. shore of Bataan, Luzón, on Sw. 44 m. WSW. of Tacloban. First port on N. shore of Mariveles port. side of sea channel to E. between Leyte and - point on S. coast of Bataan, Luzón, on port Camotes Is. Pop., 2,422. of Mariveles; forms with Dilao Pt., on SE., bay QUIPAYO (key-pah'-yoh), ver.; pueblo on main of same name. road in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 6 m. QUINANATAYAN (key-nah-nah-tah-yahn), ver.; N. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 1,793. hamlet in Sw. Sámar, 2 m. NW. of Basey. QUIPIA (key'-pyah). ver.; hamlet on Tipalo, QUINANCAUAN (key-nahn-cah'-wahn), ver.; fountain tributary of Donsol Riv., in Sorso- mountain in Panay. gón, Luzón, 9 m. SW. of Albay. QUINANGCANG (key-nahng-cahng'), ver.; bay on QUIPIT (key-pit'), nat.; hamlet on r. bank of NW.shore of Panaón I., off SE. coast of Leyte, mouth of river entering Sulu Sea on NW. 4 m. SW. of Liloan. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, W. of Kipit Pt. (q.v.). QUINAPUNDAN (key-nah-poon'-dahn), ver.; pue- blo and river on S. coast of Sámar, 59 m. SE. of QUIRA (key'-rah), ver.; island off coast of Ca- Catbalogan, 8 m. E. of Balangiga. Pop., 2,000.1 gayán, Luzón, on which is celebrated grotto. - river rising in Apologon Mt., flows S. and QUIRALI (key-rah'-lee), ver.; river entering SE. empties into bay on S. coast of Sámar, NE. of corner of lake of Batú and leaving it as Bicol Higoso Pt. In channel of approach no Riy. On its course are towns of Camalig, soundings less than 10 fms. [N. M.) Guinobatan, Liago, Oás, and Polangui. Each, QUINAPUNTAN (key-nah-poon'-tahn), nat.; river with exception of last, has population of in Mindanao. about 14,000, although not more than 1] leagues apart (Jägor). Receiving numerous QUINAPUSÁN (key-nah-poo-sahn'), nat.; one of tributaries in its course, after passing Polan- Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. Area, 1 m., lat. 50 gui Quirali Riy. becomes navigable: 12' N. QUIRAMALIGAN (key-rah-mah-lee'-gahn), ver. QUINAPUYAN (key-nah-poo'-yahn), nat.; hamlet (See Sauang.) in pueblo of Baleno, Masbate, Visayas. QUIRANA (key-rah'-nah), ver.; hamlet in SW. QUINATACAN (key-nah-tah'-cahn), nat.; island Sámar, on E. shore of San Pedro and San off NW. coast of Cebú, lat. 10° 59' 10' N. Pablo Bay, 11 m. SE. of Basey. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 775 MINDANAO QUINALANG ANCHORAGE Lat. 8° 17' (20)N. Long.124 15 (40) E Quinalang 825 Anchorage IĞ5 .7 ITI VARIATION.... NEARLY l'OG' E. (1901) STATIONARY ILI GAN BAY Vodigan 165 Iligan R. Nautical Miles NIE 776 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. QUIRIQUIM (key-ree-kim'). ver.; hamlet in Ilo- ílo, Panay, 1 m. SE. of Tubungan. QUISÁN (key-sahn'), ver.; hamlet in Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 9 m. S. of Carlés. QUISAO (key-sah'-oh), ver.; town on Bay road in Rizal, Luzon, 9 m. SE. of Mórong. - point on coast of peninsula of Laguna, Luzón, penetrating Laguna de Bay, ending in Jala Pt. QUISIDO (key-see-daw), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of Jalajala, Laguna, Luzón. QUISULOC (key-soo-lock'), ver.; town in Misamis, Mindanao. QUITÁNGLAG (key-tahng'-lahg), ver.; point in Misamis, Mindanao. QUITANGU (key-tahn'-goo), ver.; lake formed by Chico de la Pampanga Riv. and affluent of same name passing NW. of Arayat, in pueblo of Arayat, Pampanga, Luzon. QUITANQUÍN (key-tahn-keen'), ver.; hamlet in Pampanga, Luzon, on main road, 15 m. NW. of Bacolor. QUITUINAN (key-tweel-nahn), nat.; mountain in pueblo of Camalig, Albay, Luzón. QUIYA (key'-yah), ver.; river in sw. Leyte, en- tering sea 2 m. N. of Baybay. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 777 R. RABASA (rah-bah'-sah), Sp.; hamlet on S. shore | RANGAYA, or SÚGUT (rahn-gah'-yah, S00'- of bay SW. of Danigan Pt., NW. coast of Min- goot), ver.; range of mountains paralleling danao. NE. and E. shores of Illana Bay, in Cotabato, RABÍN, or CARYUCA (rah-been', cah-ree-oo-cah), Mindanao. Continuation of range which Sp.; NE. point of NW. peninsula of Leyte, begins at Mt. Calanatan, 17 m. inland from also W. headland to narrow sea channel be- Zamboanga, and following axis of that pen- tween Biliran and Leyte Is. insula along E. coast of Sibuguey Bay, con- tinues in Tres Reyes Mts., E. of Mt. Som broro, RABÓN (rah-bohn'), Sp.; small river emptying 5,200 ft. high, inland from N. shore of Illana into China Sea in extreme SW. corner of Bay; thence taking SE. trend continues in Unión, Luzón. mountains of Rangaya, or Súgut, and mak- RAFAGUÉN (rah-fah-gayn'), ver.; hamlet on ing its terminus at Mt. Cilubedan, 28 m. E. by Linao Bay, SW. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, N. of Cotabato, capital. Highest mountain of 394 m. SW. by S. of Cotabato. range is volcano of Macaturín, eruption RAGALINOG (rah-gah-lee-nog'), ver.; island off of which took place in 1872; eruption was fol SE. coast of Palawan. (See East I.) lowed by earthquake which partially de- stroyed Polloe, Cotabato, and villages on RAGALUMBI (rah-gah-loom'-bee), ver.; high is- banks of Mindanao Riv. land 1 m. off E. coast of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay; to S. form 2 bays, giving anchorage RANGUNDUNGAN, or LIMAPATAG (rahng-oon- in W. winds to strait between Tagô I, and doong'-ahn, lee-mah-pah-tahg'), nat.; creek mainland of Panay. on delta emptying on r. bank of s. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- RAGALUMBIA (rah-gah-loom'-byah), nat.; iland danao. E. by N. of Salong Pt., off NE. coast of Iloilo, RANIS (rah'-niss), ver.; point on N. end of Libu- Panay. can-Dacó I., and landmark of approach to RAJAMUDA (rah-hah-moo'-dah), nat.; creek on Bachao Bangahón Riv., W. coast of Samar, SE. shore of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. RAPÁN (rah-pahn') ver.; mountain hamlet on Watering place for vessels. W. side of Cordillera in S. central Cebú, 113 RAGAY (rah-gi'), ver.; pueblo in Ambos Camari- m. SE. of Dumangas. nes (Sur), Luzon, on main roa, 27 m. NW. RAPINA (rah-peel-nyah), Sp.; point on 8. shore of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 2,300. of Sangá Sanga I., Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A., - gulf, entrance to which lies between Bon- marking channel with Papáhag and Bongao dog Pt., S. extremity of Tayabas, and Cadbu Is. on S. rauan Pt., on coast of Albay, 43 m. apart. Provinces of Tayabas, Ambos Camarines RAPURAPU (rah-poo-rah'-poo), ver.; island of (Norte and Sur), and Albay, Luzón, stretch considerable elevation, triangular in shape, along its shores. Island of Burias lies in en- and easternmost of chain of 4 islands-Miguel, trance. Ports of Pusgo or Mayasas on W. and Cacraray, Batán, and Rapurapu-Off E. shore Pasacao on E. coasts are most frequented of Albay, Luzon, 87 m. E. and w.and 4 m. N. anchorages. and S. Area, 32 sq. m., high, and separated from Batán I. on NW. by channel 1} m. wide. - bay on E. shore of Ragay Gulf, Ambos Contains good coal and copper. Village of Camarines (Norte), Luzon, between Pts. Ocon Santa Florentina is about center of S. coast. and Oktok and Saboon I. to S.; good shelter "silanga” between islands of Rapurapu in both monsoons. Boundary between Ambos Camarines ends on this bay. and Batán, Pacific Ocean, off Albay, Luzón. RASA (rah'-sah). Sp.: islet off S. point of Nonok, RAGETTA, for.; island | m. long in Barton Bay, at s. end of s.of 2 islands lying off W. side of NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. S. point of Dinagát I., NE. of Surigao, Min- RAGOS (rah'-gohs). ver.; river in E. Albay, Lu- danao. zón, emptying into Lagonoy Gulf. RASA, or SOMBRERO (rah'-sah, sohm-bray'-roh), -point on E. coast of Albay, Luzon, near boundary of Ambos Camarines (Sur), lat. 13° Sp.; island 31 m. in length, area 3 sq. m., off 41' N. E. coast of S. Palawan, opposite Casuarina Pt. RAGUTAYA (rah-goo-tah'-yah), ver.; point in RASÁNS (rah-sahns') ver.; hamlet on SE. shore of Panguil Bay, Misamis, Mindanao, 65 m. Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. SW. by W. of Cagayan, RAMESAMEY (rah-may-sah-may'), ver.; south- westernmost of 4 low coral islands in Honda RASAS (rah-sahs), Sp.; 5 small islands S. and sw. of Cantón I., 6 m. E. of Daet, off shore of Am- Bay, with bend on W. side, 1 m. from shore, . and 81 m. N. of Puerto Princesa, S. Palawan. bos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. RAMOS (rah'-mohs), Sp.; island off extreme N. RASO (rah'-soh), Sp.; island in San Pedro and point of Balábac I., off SW. end of Palawan. San Pablo Bay, E. coast of Leyte. Cliff Hill, on its shore, is important land- mark in N. Balábac Strait. Cape Disaster, RAT, for.; island in entrance to Halsey Harbor, important headland on S. side of N. entrance W. coast of Culión I., Calamianes grp., China to N. Balábac Strait, is at its extreme N. Sea. point of land; 3m. N. and S. and 4m. E. and RATÓN (rah-tohn'), Sp.; islet 2 m. SE. of Guiuan, W. at its S. end; area, 7 sq. m. Island is gen- off SW. shore of extreme SE. Sámar. erally low and flat. - islet 3 m. NW. of Santa Cruz, Zambales, RANGÁS (rahn-gahs'), nat.; river in Albay, Lu- Luzon, off Nayón Riv. zón, rising on S. slope of Bulusan Mt., emp- ties in Juhan Riv. Its waters are mineral RAUIS (rah'-wees), ver.; hamlet on N. coast of and have thermal temperature. Sámar, 1m. S. across channel from Laguán. RANGAYA (rahn-gah'-yah), ver.; peak in N. Co - hamlet between 2 of headwater branches tabato, Mindanao. of Bac-hao Bafigahón Riv., in SW. Sámar. 778 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. RAVIS (rah/-vis), nat; point forming S. head to | REMINTAO (ray-min-tah-oh), ver.; point in Laguán channel, N. coast of Sámar. Sámar. - hamlet in pueblo of Albay, Luzón, lat. 130 REMUS, for.; bank on sea channel NW. of Bili- 11' N ran, off NW. coast of Leyte, toward Maripipi. RAWNSLEY, for.; point on extreme SE. coast of RENADI (ray-nah'-dee), ver.; hamlet in pueblo Palawan, 104 m. NE. of Buliluyan C. of Indang, Cavite, Luzón. REAL (ray-ahl'), Sp.; point on W. shore of Manila REPOSE, or REPOSO (ray-poh'-soh), Sp.; point Bay, in Bataan, Luzón. on extreme SW. coast of Palawan, 74 m. N. of - point on E. side of entrance to Lampón Buliluyan C. port, or Binangonan Bay, in Infanta, Luzón. RESTINGA (rays-tin'-gah), Sp.; hamlet 1 m. E. of REAL DE LAMPÓN (ray-ahl' day lahm-pohn'), Carabao I., Off N. point Pabungan Cove, in Hisp.; port or bay on E. coast of Infanta, Lu- Cavite, Luzon, 30 m. sw. of Manila and 22 m. zón. (See Lampón.) SW. of Cavite. RED CLIFF, for.; point SW. shore of Puerto Prin- - point N. extreme of Pagbilao Chico I., off cesa Harbor, E. coast of Palawan. S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. REDONDO (ray-dohn-doh), Sp.; mountain in REUS, NUEVA (nway'-vah ray'-oos), Sp.; town Bataan, Luzón, near seacoast at Bagac. on SW. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. -- mountain in SW. Zambales, Luzón. RIACHUELO (ree-ah-chway'-loh), Sp.; river in Zamboanga, Mindanao, emptying into SW. - peak at N. end of Dinagat I., off NE. coast head of Masinloc Riv., E. coast. Surigao, Mindanao, 3,337 ft. high, overlooking Desolation Pt. RIDDLE, for.; entrance point of Barton Bay, NW. RED ROCK, or MARIGA-BATÓ (mah-ree'-gah- coast of Paragua, Palawan. bah-toh'); on S. shore of Polloc Bay, Cotaba- RÍO CHICO DE CAGAYÁN (reel-oh cheel-coh day to, Mindanao, and forming S. head. cah-gah-yahn'), Hisp.; tributary of Grande de Cagayán Riv. from SW. and first of its REDONTA (ray-dohn'-tah), Sp.: island 4 m. E of main influents. It rises in E. slopes of Gran Ibayat, Batanes grp. (See Diego I.) Cordillera Central, in NW. Bontoc and W. REEF, for.: northernmost of chain of 3 low islands Isabela, through 2 main fountain streams, respectively Tanodan and Cagayán, and takes of Paragua, Palawan. NE. course, entering main stream 20 m. from - islet in N. waters of Deep Bay, E. coast of 'ocean. (Also Bangag.) S. central Palawan. RÍO CHICO DE LA PAMPANGA (reel-oh chee-coh - island WNW, 2, m. from Green I., off E. day lah pahm-pahn'-gah), Hisp.; main W.trib- utary of Grande de la Pampanga Riv., which coast of Paragua, Palawan. it enters 27 m. in direct line N. of its mouth, - island 1 m. in extent, 4 m. ENE. of Mac- in delta on N. shore of Manila Bay. Rises in kesi I., E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Laguna de Canarén; receives numerous trib- - point E. shore of Puerto Princesa Harbor utaries, chiefly from W., in E. slopes of (Port Royalist), N. of Puerto Princesa, E. mountains of S. Tárlae not drained by Agno. coast of S. Palawan. From lake at its source till within 4 m. of its - point at entrance to Pagdanan Bay, NW. junction with main stream it forms boundary coast of Paragua, Palawan, between Nueva Ecija and Tárlac. Fine river 30 m. from its source to its confluence. Num- - point E. shore of Ulugan Bay, W. coast ber of towns lie on both sides of its banks, and Palawan, its current furnishes canoe transportation - islet off Marabay Pt., E. shore of Ulugan to Manila Bay, as well as numerous landings Bay, SW. Paragua, Palawan. on way. - islet on W. side of Cook channel, off coast RÍO, DEL (dayl reel-oh), Sp.; point on SE, shore of Paragua, Palawan. of Sindangan Bay, about midway between REFUGIO (ray-fool-heeoh), Sp.; islet off Pasacao Dauigan and Sindangan Pts., NW. coast of anchorage, SW. coast Ambos Camarines (Sur), Mindanao: Luzón, lat. 13° 29' N. RÍO DE LIPA (ree'-oh day lee-pah'), Hisp.; river island 2 by 1} m., 1 m. off E. coast of Negros of Batangas, Luzon, which unites with Pan- Occidental, 6 m. S. of Calatrava. sípit Riv, near Rosario, forming Calumpan REGADIO (ray-gah-dee-oh), Sp.; river in Ambos RÍO GRANDE DE BACARRA (ree'-oh grahn-day Camarines (Sur), Luzón, rising in Isarog Mt., crosses into Albay, and forms Lagonoy. day bah-cah'-rrah), Hisp.: river emptying into China Sea, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. REHUIBA (ray-hweel-bah), ver.; river of Min- doro, rising in elevation toward NE. in lat. RIO GRANDE DE BADOG (ree'-oh grahn'-day day 13° 19' N.; after short NE. course empties into bah-dog'), Hisp.; short but wide stream ris- sea. ing in N. of Ilocos Sur, and winding across ex- treme SW. corner of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, REINA MERCEDES (ray'-nah mayr-thay-dess). emptying into China Sea N. of Badoc. Sp.; pueblo in Isabela, Luzón. Pop. 3,286. (See Calanusian.) 1,200. RÍO GRANDE DE CABUGAO (ree'-oh grahn'-day day cah-boo-gah'-oh), Hisp.; stream in Ilocos REINA REGENTE (ray'-nah ray-hayn'-tay), Sp.; Sur, Luzón. hamlet on Grande Riv. of Mindanao, between Liguasan Lake, in Cotabato, Mindanao, 24 m. | RIO GRANDE DE CAGAYÁN (ree'-oh grahn -day SE. of latter point. day cah-gah-yahn'), Hisp.; great river of Lu- REINARD, for.; island close to E. coast of Para- zón; has good anchorage in 11 fms., 13 m. gua, Palawan, approaching Green Islands NNE. from its mouth, Point on E. side is known by church and convent of Aparri built Bay. Another island, charted and unnamed, lies to N. upon it. (See Cagayan Grande.) REINAS, DE LAS (day lahs ray'-nahs), Sp.; bay in RÍO GRANDE DE LA PAMPANGA (reel-oh grahn'. W. Paragua, Palawan. day day lah pahm-pahn'-gah), Hisp.; one of RELIEF, for.: point in NE. part of Island Bay, great rivers of Luzon, rises in numerous SE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Fresh-water springs which enter main current through stream enters m. NW. 3 principal fountain tributaries, largest of which begins in S. spurs of Caraballo Sur, S. REMEDIOS (ray-may-dyohs), Sp.; town on 1. end of Gran Cordillera Central, in extreme bank of one of lower tributaries of Agusan N. of Nueva Ecija, where its boundary comes Riv., Surigao, Mindanao, 15 m. S. of Butúan. to corner with Príncipe, Nueva Vizcaya, - village on N. shore of Libás port, E. coast and Benguet. This network of sources comes of Sámar. together and forms main stream, which, at Riy. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 779 RIÓGRANDE DE LA PAMPANGA-Continued. | RÍO SALTÁN (ree'-oh sahl-tahn'), Hisp.; tribu- Bongabón, 30 m. below, becomes current of tary of Chico de Cagayán Riv. on W., which width and volume. About 25 m. in straight takes its rise in Pico de Calao Mts., on SW. line it passes San Isidro; 11 m. farther S., also corner of Cagayán, Luzón. in straight line, it disem bogues on its delta RIOJA (ryoh'-hah), Sp.; hamlet on W. coast of through 8 mouths, chief of which are Pa- Antique, Panay, 2 m. S. of Caritan. sao, Matiagonas, and Mayao Grande Rivs., latter outlet also forming boundary between Ríos, or TAKUT MASILÁ (reel-ohs, Sp.; tah- Bulacan and Pampanga. From its headwa- koot' mah-see-lah', ver.); circular rock m. ters to its mouth-95 m. in straight line- in diameter, off port of Dianas, ofl W. shore would give it approximate length of 100 m., of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. following sinuosities of its course. It receives RIPOSET (ree-poh-sayt'), ver.; summit 800 ft. large number of tributaries, which serve for high, at SE. end of Ibayat I., Batanes grp., off drainage and irrigation; inundations during N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. rainy season cover long stretches of its banks, RIRIPAYAN (ree-ree-pah'-yahn), nat.; point on and make cultivation of rice one of foremost NE. coast of Zambales, Luzón, SE. of Bolinao, crops. Cabanatúan, largest city, and San on channel between Santiago and mainland Isidro, provincial capital, besides many to Lingayen Gulf. smaller towns and hamlets, stretch along its shores. It is also means of large local trade RITA (reel-tah), Sp.; island 1. m. long and 300 in freight boats and canoes. (See also Pam- yds. wide (Observatory Rock, 45 ft. high, N. end, lat. 10° 6' 11" N., lon. 118° 46' 26" E.) in panga Grande). RÍO GRANDE DE LAOAG (ree'-oh grahn'-day Ulugan Bay, W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Tide Pole is its S. point. day lah-oh-ahg'), Hisp.; river whose S. tribu- taries rise in Nagapu and Semeneblen Mts., RIVAPAD (ree-vah-pahd'), ver.; tributary from and E.in W. slopes of Cordillera Central, drain W. of Orás Riv, in NE. Sámar. entire central watershedsand valleys of S. half RIVER, for.; island in mouth of Ewiig Riv., en- of Ilocos Norte, Luzón, entering China Sea tering Puerto Princesa Harbor on W. shore, at Barra de Cáuit, about 6 m. below Laoag, E. coast of S. Palawan. 2 boat channels, 1 capital. After leaving mountains and enter- on either side of River I. After heavy rains ing valleys, it is broad stream, navigable for river is almost fresh at entrance, but in dry native craft. (Also Laoag.) season boats must go some distance up river RÍO GRANDE DE MINDANAO, or PULANGUI to obtain good water. (reel-oh grahn'-day day meen-dah-now', poo- lahn-gee), ver.; greatest river in P. I., situ- RIVERA (ree-vay-rah), Sp.; hamlet in W. Cápiz, ated in island of Mindanao. (See Grande Panay, on 1. bank of river 4 m. S. of Libacao. Riv., and Mindanao, Grande de.) - point on tongue of land opposite S. mouth RÍO GRANDE DE SAN MATEO (reel-oh grahn'-day of Binictigan, on SE, shore of Subic Bay, SE. day sahn mah-tay'-oh), Sp.; river in Rizal, coast of Zambales, Luzón, Number of native Luzón. From this stream comes water supply houses stretch along bay shore. of city of Manila. RIVERA DE SAN FERNANDO (ree-vayl-rah day RÍO, ISLA DEL (ees'-lah dayl ree'-oh), Sp.: islet sahn fayr-nahn'-doh), Sp.; hamlet 9 m.inland off mouth of Iuáhit Riv., in Princesa port, S. from Iba in Zambales, Luzon, connected with Palawan. highway by road. RIZAL, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Ree-thal', Sp.) Capital: Pásig, lat. 14° 33' N., lon. 121° 5/ E. Area: 1,048 sq. m. Population: 246,940. Race: Tagálog. Language: Tagálog. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Pásig to- Cavite, SW. Malolos Manila, W... Mórong, ESE... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Rizal, formed by the consolidation of the former province of Manila, excepting the city of that name, with the politico-military district of Mórong, is bounded on the N. by Bulacan, on the E. by Infanta and La Laguna, on the S. by Laguna de Bay and Cavite, and on the W. by Bulacán and the bay of Manila. It received its name from one of the foremost Filipinos (Tagalog) in the later conflicts with Spain. AREA. The extreme measurements of the province are from N. to S., 52 m., from E. to W. 43 m. Area 1,026 sq. m., 224 sq. m. less than the area of the State of Rhode Island. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface of that part of the province formerly included in Mórong and the N. part of Manila is traversed by a number of small mountain ranges. There are many extensive plains available for cultivation, which, however, are subject to floods from 780 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. pempty into Lagunrough 5 branches hich may be ment and San lupasio Riv. is the principal wen Manila and the Laguna from '74 to 213. In Laguna de Bay, which frequently destroy the crops. The part of the province S. of the Pasig Riv. is alluvial. The drainage, with the exception of the Pasig Riv., through which Laguna de Bay empties into Manila Bay, flows into the former. The principal streams are the Lanati, which rises in Lake Lampon in the SE. part of the province, the Pajaquín, and the Taga basan, which latter empty into the Púray; also empty into Laguna de Bay near the Pásig outlet. The Pásig, which flows out of the Laguna de Bay through 5 branches and is its outlet, empties into the bay of Manila. It has several tributaries, among which may be mentioned, on account of their great volume of water, the Cainta, Grande de San Mateo, and San Francisco del Monte. The Pásig Riv. is the principal means of communication between Manila and the interior of Luzón, especially between Manila and the Laguna de Bay, which is only 18 m. distant. Its width varies from 330 to 600 ft.; depth from 7 to 211. In the dry season boats of more than 4 ft. draft have difficulty in passing the bar at the outlet of the lake. BAYS AND HARBORS. The Manila Bay front of the province affords anchorages in open roads the same as off the city of Manila. Along the coast line of 84 m., including the island of Talim, on Laguna de Bay, are a number of sheltered inlets, which afford anchorages for native crafts. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The trade of the province by sea concentrates at Manila, the facilities of transpor- tation from all parts to this great seaport on its borders being quite extensive, by means of navigable rivers and the waters of Laguna de Bay, by way of the Pasig Riv., which flows through Manila itself. The railroad leaving Manila for Dagupan and the wagon roads radiating from that city bring its towns in direct intercourse with the provinces of Bulacan, Pampanga, Tảrlac, Pangasinan, Infanta, La Laguna, and Cavite and the provinces beyond. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population of that portion of the province formerly in the province of Manila is 200,000 and of that formerly the politico-military district of Mórong 46,940, mak- ing a total of 246,940, almost all of whom are Tagálogs. In the mountain chain of San Mateo a few Negritos are found. The language of the province is Tagalog, although more Spanish is spoken than in any of the other provinces, on account of the proximity of the capital of the archipelago. The Negritos who come down to trade speak Tagálog. The following was the population of the pueblos which constituted the former province of Manila, according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men Women. Total. 8,859 1,833 Manila: Caloocán.. Malibay .... Manila ...... Mariquina... Montalbán... Muntinlupa Navotas .. Novaliches. Pandacan.. Parañaque. Pásig .. Pateros... Pineda ...... Piñas (Las) San Felipe Nery San Juan del Mont San Mateo.. San Pedro Macati Santa Ana.... Taguig ..... Tambobong .. Total ...... 4, 358 951 105, 296 4,870 1,689 2, 138 6,699 1,123 2, 419 5, 175 9, 293 2,945 3,912 2,012 3, 766 1,195 2,348 1,849 1, 470 4,995 11,160 4,501 882 63,896 4,621 1, 663 2,074 6,145 1,043 2, 205 4,998 9, 256 2,817 3,872 1,946 3,751 1,093 2, 293 1.776 1, 491 4,983 10, 602 169, 192 9, 491 3,352 4.212 12, 844 2,166 4, 624 10.173 18, 549 5,762 7,784 3,958 7,517 2, 289 4.641 3. 625 2,961 9,978 21,762 315,571 179, 663 135, 908 * In the lower part of its course this is called the Mariquina Riv. CASCOS (FREIGHT BOATS) AND RAFTS IN PÁSIG RIVER, MANILA, LUZÓN. RAFTS OF LOGS IN THE PÁSIG RIVER, MANILA, LUZON. RAFTS AND BANCAS (LARGE BOATS), PASIG RIVER, RIZAL, LUZÓN. EAST SIDE OF BRIDGE OF SPAIN, PÁSIG RIVER, MANILA, LUZÓN. Carabaos bathing NAPINDAN, RIZAL, LUZON, ON PÁSIG RIVER. A hamlet above Manila. A VIEW ON THE PÁSIG RIVER, LUZÓN. A CLUMP OF BAMBOO ON PÁSIG RIVER, RIZAL, LUZÓN. RIVER PÁSIG, NEAR CULI-CULI, RIZAL, LUZÓN. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 781 The following was the population of the pueblos into which the province of Mórong, now a part of Rizal province, was divided according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. Mórong: Angono... Antipolo....... Barás.. Binangonan.. Bosoboso.... Cainta ... Cardona.. Jalajala Mbrong. Pililla. Tanay ... Taytay Teresa.... 1, 117 1,968 595 3, 946 340 1,196 1,318 867 3,291 2,140 2,166 1,011 2,002 627 3,867 327 1,192 1, 326 2,128 3,970 1, 222 7,813 667 2,388 2,644 1, 728 6,648 4,000 4,849 7,472 1,893 861 3,357 1,860 2,183 3,734 933 3,738 960 Total. 23,642 23,280 46,922 ne more importanital of the prof the Pasig during the In the Manila portion are 20 towns and 58 villages and in the former Mórong dis- trict 14 towns and 30 villages, making a total of 34 towns and 88 villages. Among the more important towns are the following: Pásig; the capital of the province and an important road center. A place of important traffic, about 1 m. E. of the Pasig Riv. Pop., 22,000. While many of the buildings were burned or otherwise wrecked during the insurrection there still remain a few well-built stone houses. The great majority of the population live in bamboo and nipa huts. Angona; on the NE. shore of Laguna de Bay, on the main road between Mórong and Manila, 5 m. SE. of Pasig. Pop., 1,955. Antipolo; 7 m. ENE. of Pasig. Pop., 3,500. This town is on high ground and the location is healthful. The water supply is from a good spring. Barás; at the N. point of the middle portion of Laguna de Bay, 13 m. ESE. of Pásig. Pop., 1,217. Binangonan; on the E. shore of Laguna de Bay, on the road between Mórong and Manila, 9 m. SE. of Pásig. Large and important stone quarries which furnish building stone equal to that taken from Talim İ. Pop., 7,264. Bosoboso; on the l. bank of the Pajaquín Riv., 13 m. NE. of Pásig. Pop., 855. Caintâ; 2 m. NE. of Pásig. Pop., 2,275. Caloocan; 2 m. inland from the bay of Manila and 10 m. NW. of Pásig on the main road. The main water supply here is from a fine well. Pop., 9,843. Cardona; on the W. shore of the central portion of Laguna de Bay, on the main road, 11 m. SE. of Pasig. Pop., 2,641. Jalajala; in extreme SE. part, 22 m. SE. of Pásig, near the E. shore of Laguna de Bay. Pop., 1,735. Las Piñas; on the main road along the Manila Bay shore, 10 m. SSW. of Pasig. Pop., 4,000. Malabón, or Tambóbong; 2 m. inland from the shore of Manila Bay and 11 m. NW. of Pásig. The boundary between Rizal and Bulacán passes between it and the bay shore. Connected with Manila by steam tramway. A large sugar refinery and important fisheries are located here. Has a large cigar factory, and the weaving of jusi cloth is one of the important industries. The water supply here is poor, people depending, during the dry season, largely on the Manila hydrants and the well at Caloocan. Pop., 25,000. Malíbay; on the Manila and Cavite road, 5 m. S. of Manila and 6 m. WSW. of Pásig. Pop., 2,890.- Mariquina; on the main road 8 m. NE. of Pasig. An iron spring known as the Chorrillo, celebrated for its curative qualities, is located in the neighborhood. A center for the manufacture of native shoes, also leather work of various kinds. Pop., 10,313. Montalbán; on the main road, 13 m. N. of Pasig, at the crossing of Púray Riv. and 3 m. S. of the boundary of Bulacan. Important from the fact that an excellent mountain stream of pure spring water empties into Púray and San Mateo Rivs. at this point, and it is from this place that the water supply for the city of Manila and sur- rounding towns will eventually be piped. Pop., 3,055. Mórong; former capital of the province of that name, 10 m. ESE. of Pásig. Pop., 9,430. 782 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Muntinlupa; in the extreme SW. of that portion of the province formerly included in the province of Manila, on the main road along the SW. coast of Laguna de Bay to Santa Cruz, 12 m. S. of Pasig and about 1} m. N. of the Cavite boundary. Pop., 5,068. Navotas; on an island a few hundred yds. W. of Malabon and 12 m. NW. of Pásig. Pop., 9, 154. Novaliches; on the main road, 11 m. E. of the boundary of Bulacan and 11 m. N. of Pásig. Pop., 1,871. Parañaque; on the Manila and Cavite Bay road, 7 m. S. of Manila and 8 m. SW. of Pásig. Pop., 9,863. Pateros; on the r. bank of the Pasig Riv., 2 m. from the outlet of Laguna de Bay and 13 m. SW. of Pásig. Noted for immense flocks of ducks, the eggs of which are much esteemed by the natives. Pop., 9,200. Pásay, or Pineda; on the coast road, 6 m. SW. of Pásig. Pop., 9,825. Pililla; on the NW. coast of the central portion of Laguna de Bay, 17 m. SE. of Pásig. Pop., 2,000. San Felipe Nery, or Mandalóyong; on the r. bank of the Pasig Riv., 4 m. above its mouth and 41 m. WNW. of Pasig. Pop., 5,465. San Francisco del Monte; on the l. bank of a tributary of the Pasig Riv., 71 m. NW. of Pásig. San Mateo; on the main road N to Montalbán, 10 m. N. of Pásig. Pop., 6,700. San Juan del Monte; on 1. bank of a tributary of the Pásig, 44 m. E. by N. of Manila, and 43 m. NW. of Pásig. Pop., 2,011. San Pedro Macatí; on the l. bank of the Pasig Riy., about midway between Laguna de Bay and Manila Bay, 4 m. E. of Manila and 4 m. W. of Pásig. Pop., 3,921. Santa Ana; on the l. bank of the Pásig Riv., 2. m. E. of Manila and 5 m. W. of Pásig. Celebrated for the fine laces manufactured by the native women. Annexed recently to Manila City. Pop., 2,194. Taguig; on the r. bank of the Pasig Riv., at the outlet of Laguna de Bay, 2 m. S. of Pásig. Communication with Pásig by ferry. Pop., 9,662. Tanay; on the NE. shore of the central portion of Laguna de Bay, on the Mórong road, 15 m. ESE. of Pásig. The mat industry is very important in this town. Pop., 4,529. Taytay; 4 m. ENE. of Pásig. Pop., 6,800. Teresa; on the road between Mórong and Antipolo, 7 m. SSE. of that point and 9 m. E. of Pásig. Pop., 4,250. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The dependent islands of this province which lie entirely within the limits of Laguna de Bay and S. of the peninsula of Mórong are: sq.m. Pulo Insam; to the W. of the strait which separates Talim I. from the mainland....... Pulo Malagi; E. of the S. point of Talim I...... Talim; S. of and almost connected with the peninsula of Mórong; it is situated about the mid- dle of Laguna de Bay and is 10 m. from N. to S. and 4 m. from E. to W.; a mountain range runs from N. to s. from which was obtained the stones used in the new works at the port of Manila. The few inhabitants occupy the villages of Aanosa, Banta, Malacaban, Quinagatang, Subay, and Tabong .......... ......... 20 Dependent islands, 3..... ...... 213 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. In that portion of the province formerly known as Manila province, the betel, a plant whose aromatic leaf forms the principal part of the buyo, is grown extensively. The inhabitants of the town of Pásay and vicinity are engaged entirely in this branch of agriculture. The general products of the province are rice, sugar cane, corn, and tobacco. MINERALS. Its mountains A fine variety of building stone is quarried on the island of Talim. contain jasperated marbles and gold. FORESTS. In the mountains are extensive forests of bamboo, molaue (molave), narra, acle, banaba, baticulin, dongón, calamansánay, tíndalo, and rattan. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 783 FRUITS. The boundary abounds in bananas, mangas, oranges, lemons, etc. INDUSTRIES. The chief industries are the manufacture of lime, rush mats, clothing for the natives, woodcutting, fishing, sugar making, and quarrying. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The earliest operations of the forces of the United States after the occupation of Manila were in this province under its former names. On February 15, 1902, Rizal was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Antipolo. Mariquina. San Felipe Nery. Binangonan. Montalbán. San Mateo." Caloocan.be Pásig. Tanay." Malabón.be CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Rizal was created under the “provincial organization act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the P. C. June 11, 1901, to embrace all that territory in the island of Luzón, excepting the city of Manila, known as the nrovince of Manila, and the politico-military district of Mórong.'” PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money. Governor... $1,800 Secretary .. 1, 200 Treasurer 2, 200 Supervisor .. 1, 800 Fiscal . 1, 200 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceeding $2.50 per day while absent from the capital of this province on official business. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October to consider improvements needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. Provisions are made for an equitable expenditure of funds for improvement. An examination is authorized as to the causes for the flooding of the towns of the province situated on the Laguna de Bay and the rivers flowing into the same and for the purpose of determining a method of preventing a recurrence of the flooding and the consequent injuries therefrom. Report to be made to the provincial board, to be transınitted to the chief executive to the commission for enabling legislation if necessary. CONDITIONS. ther punds for imprzed as to stay and th “Rizal province is composed of the 19 towns formerly a part of the province of Manila and the 14 towns belonging to the district of Mórong. Provincial government established on June 20, 1901. Municipalities were organized from June to Septem- ber. In almost all the towns the justice courts are already in operation. The court of first instance has been established since July 11, 1901. Peace in Rizal is complete. All inhabitants are in favor of civil government and devoted to American sovereignty. Highwaymen who formerly operated in various places in Mórong have been driven out. The census is almost completed, and, from present information, the number of persons estimated at 140,000. Municipal autonomy is executed with sufficient force." (Official report of the provincial governor of Rizal, December, 1901.) a Telephone. • Telegraph. Railroad. 784 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ROBINS, for.; point on W. shore of Ulugan Bay, | ROCKY, for., or SAN ANTONIO-Continued. W. coast of Paragua, Palawan, and s. head rivers discharge on W. shore; on N. is small to N. inlet. settlement. Gull and Egg sandbanks lie in ROCK, for.; bluff 31 m. NE. from Cliff Pt., Sepan- entrance to bay. gow Bay, SW. coast of S. Palawan. Shore to ROJA (roh -hah), Sp.; point on NW. shore of S. is lined with casuarina trees. Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Luzon. ROCKY, for.; islet on point NW. of Cahayajan I., - point on W. coast Zambales, Luzon, be- N. coast of Sámar. tween Masinloc and Matalví ports. ROCKY, for., or SAN ANTONIO (sahn ahn-toh'- ROMA (roh -mah), Sp.; point on NE. coast of nyoh), Sp.; bay backed by Panalingahan Tayabas, Luzón, lat. 14° 7' N. hills, has its S. limit about 51 m. NNE. of | ROMANO (roh-mah'-noh), Sp.; bay on E. coast of Church Pt., SE. coast of S. Palawan. 3 small Panaón I., off SE. coast of Leyte. ROMBLÓN, PROVINCE OF, VISAYAS. (Rohm-blohn', ver.) Capital: Romblon, lat. 12° 35' N., lon. 122° 17' E. Area: 515 sq. m. Population: 55,339, not including scattered 500 estimated, and wild Negritos and Manguianes 500 estimated. Race: Visayan. Language; Visayan, and dialect of wild races. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay, Table of distances. From Romblon to Bantón........ Concepción.... Corcuera......... Looc ............ Magallanes ....... Manila..... Manila, via Verde Passage .. 219 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Romblon, which comprises the group of islands under that organic title, occupies a central geographical position with respect to the archipelago in gen- eral, and is the most N. of the Visayan group, embracing an area of land and water between the parallels of 12° 1' and 13° 1' N., and meridians 121° 40 and 122° 42 E. It is situated on the usual line of commercial intercourse between the United States and Manila. It is also the dividing point on the regular line of vessels between Manila and the capitals and ports of the Visayan and Mindanao provinces in the SE., and the Sulu and Palawan provinces in the S. and SW. During the SW. monsoon the E. route to Iloilo is generally taken by following the Verde I. passage as far as Pt. Dumali, extreme E. coast of Mindoro, then E. of Maestre de Campo, S. of Simara, between Tablas and Romblon; thence 21 m. S. of Jintotolo I., and from there down the E. coast of Panay to Iloílo. on the ntercourse betwe 40 and Water SEA CHANNELS. The channel between Tablas and Simara is 8 m. wide, and between the NE. point of Tablas and the islands Cobrador and Romblon 4 m. wide. Both are free from danger. The flood stream sets to the E. between Tablas and Simara, and to the S. between Tablas and Romblon. The N. coast of Tablas is clear and abrupt; the track passes nearly 2 m. outside the islets off the N. point. The sea between Romblon, Sibuyán, and Asid, adjacent islands, and Panay is called by the seafaring men of the archipelago the Tablazo de Cápiz. BAYS AND HARBORS. The most N. group, the islands of Maestre de Campo, Bantón, Bantoncillo, and Simara, form, with the coasts of Mindoro on the W., Marinduque on the N., and Tablas on the S., very deep and clear channels. These are well known and much frequented by Philippine boats, which pass through the strait of Isla Verde on their way from Manila to Iloílo, Negros, Cebú, and the S. part of the archipelago. The islands are also indented with many well-sheltered inlets and bays. ROMBLON, CAPITAL. PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS AT ROMBLÓN. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 785 POPULATION AND TOWNS. Name. Dependent Aggregate islands. area. Population. Chief town. Bantón.. Carabao ...... Dos Hermanas (2). Maestre de Campo.. Romblon............. Sibuyán... Simara ................. Tablas. 4,063 Bantón. Uninhabited. .....do ........ * 100 Concepción. 7,263 Romblon. 18,000 Magallanes. 2,064 Corcuera. 23, 849 Looc. 330 Total 515 50, 339 * Estimated. Total number of main and dependent islands.. Total area of main and dependent islands........ Total area of province, land and water .............. Total population....... ......Sq. m .. 32 515 5,004 ........do.... Of the population, the greatest part are Visayans. In Tablas is a small remnant of the Negrito race, the generally conceded first inhabitants of the P. I., living in a state of nature and paganism. On the same island and on Romblon are a few Man- guianes in the same condition. The following was the division of Romblon into pueblos and their respective popu- lation according to the census of 1887. Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. Romblon: Azagra Badajoz.. Bantón.... Cajidiocán. Corcuera ..... Looc.. Magallanes.... Odiungán ... Romblon 1,715 1,472 1,755 1,538 997 2, 931 801 3,369 3, 104 1,719 1, 406 1,683 1,695 993 3,032 772 3,009 2,912 3,434 2,878 3,438 3,233 1, 990 5, 963 1, 573 6,378 6,016 Total 17,682 17, 221 34, 903 the Manila steamer route pe und W.; area 11 sq; mieft high, which form several shallow me is Bantón, in a hawser DESCRIPTION OF CHIEF CONSTITUENT ISLANDS. BANTÓN. The most N. island of Romblon Province, 264 m. NW. by N. of Romblon, lies in the channel between that island and Marinduque on the N. and on the United States and Manila steamer route between Verde Passage and San Bernardino Strait. It is 38 m. N. and S. and 5 m. E. and W.; area 11 sq. m. Physical features. It has a central summit 1,918 ft. high, which forms an impor- tant landmark for navigators. The surface is steep and rugged on all sides except the SE. Bays and harbors.-It has several shallow bays on the E., NE., and W. coasts. Population and towns.-On the NE. shore is Bantón, a town of 3,349 inhab- itants, near which is an anchorage for coasters in 5 fms., with a hawser to the shore to prevent swinging. On the W. coast is a good anchorage, in the NE. monsoon, in 7 fms. sand, between the NW. point of the island and an islet S. of it. Dependent islands.-Bantoncillo, an islet 256 ft. high, 1 sq.m., lies 4 m. SW. Off its S. end } m. is Pinnacle rock. There are 45 to 73 fms, almost touching the island. Vegetable products. The soil is somewhat sterile. A poor quality of tobacco is raised. Minerals.-The island is known for deposits of gypsum of an excellent quality, the mining of which is an important industry. There is also a mine of almager or ocher, but of poor quality. S. Doc. 280— 50 786 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CARABAO. The most S. of the islands of Romblón Province, 402 m. SSW.; lies in mid-channel off the strait between Tablas, the largest island of the province, and the extreme NW. point of Panay, 5 m. SW. of the former. Its greatest length is 52 m. N. and S. and 33 m. E. and W. Area, 19 sq. m. Its chief physical characteristic is a centrall cone 720 ft. high, the sides of which slope quite regularly to the sea. Its shores are: clear and abrupt. The waters of the surrounding strait have depths from 23 to 105, fms. On the .. side is a sand beach where vessels can anchor in 5 fms. The chan- nel between it and Boracay nearer Panay is clear, with heavy tide streams. The island is covered with trees and without population, there being no permanent water supply. DOS HERMANAS d abrupt. The sand beach nay is clear, with being no pern Two flat islets of rock 138 ft. high, 1 sq. m. in area, situated 101 m. NW. of Ban- ton and 34 m. in the same direction from Romblon. The rocks are separated by a deep channel 2 m. wide. The W. is called Carlota. MAESTRE DE CAMPO. The westernmost of the islands of Romblon Province, occupies a position about the middle of the steamer channel between this province and the E. coast of Min- doro, 43 m. NW. of Romblon and 13 m. SE. of the lofty promontory formed by Mt. Dumali in Mindoro, the exact center of the boundaries of the P. A. It is circular in shape, about 3 sq. m., high and mountainous, with very abrupt shores. The summit of Maestre de Campo, 700 ft. high, when seen from the E. appears like a ridge with 3 distinct hills. On the SE. coast are anchorages for small craft. On the SW., in front of the town of Concepción, is a sheltered anchorage, except from the SW., with 8 to 10 fms. The village of Sibali stands on a small bay to the E. re de Cam the SE. coast arheltered anchorway to the E. ROMBLON anth Romblon, the main bay of the group anu var Although the third in size, owing to its geographical location, fine harbor, and min- eral wealth the island of Romblon gives its name to the province and is the seat of government. Location and boundaries. The island is situated between Sibuyán, 8 m. on the SE., and Tablas, the same distance on the W. It is on the main route of steamers passing between San Bernardino Strait and Verde Passage. Area.-Romblon is 10 m. N. and S. and 6 m. E. and W. Area, 50 sq. m. Physical features. The surface is elevated, 2 peaks rising conspicuously out of the hilly and forest-covered surface. A single central range traverses the island of Romblon from N. to S., from Tongo Pt. to Apunan Pt. From this range various spurs are thrown off to the right and left, the most important being that which terminates at Sablayán Pt. The principal peaks are Romblon, Santiago, and Tagaytay. Bays and harbors.—The passages formed by Alad and Lugbung with Romblon are of great depth. Romblon, the main bay of the group and one of the best in the Visayas, lies between Pts. Sábang (light) ard Rosas (beacon) and is divided into 2 parts by Agbatan Pt. The entrance is but 500 yds. wide, but is deep between the reefs and is sheltered by the island of Lugbung, and has 5 to 15 fms. near the sides. The entrance is well lighted. The coast runs S. 3 m. from Bungud islet, off the SW. point of Romblon, forming 3 bays, the S. one affording good anchorage. There are other small bays to the S. From the SW. point of the island, round the S. to the E., the shore is clear and very steep, with a depth of 50 and 90 fms. at a short distance. The E. and NE. shores are clear, and like the whole coast of this island, can be approached to 1 m. Light-house.—Light on Sábang Pt., N. entrance of Romblon I., lat. 12° 36' N., lon. 122° 17' 8" E., is one of 8 which mark steamer route between San Bernardino Strait and Manila by Verde Passage. The light, which is 1 flash white and red alternating every 15 seconds, group of 3 flashes followed by 1 red, is 112 ft. above sea level, on tower 58 ft. high, and is visible 17 m. Structure is cylindrical, iron, white and gray. In this group, owing to importance of location as guiding point to steamers, are beacons, 1 flash each, off Sábang; off Agbatan, lat. 12° 35' E., lon. 122° 17' E.; off Binagón and Rosas Pts. Roads and communications. There are no established roads on island, only means of communication between cultivated grounds of interior and capital being by trails. Towns.--Romblon, only town of any consequence on island, is capital, port of entry, and has United States garrison. It is on upper part of W. coast of Romblon No. Pory Romblon 2 THEATRSTEN PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ROMBLON ISLAND PORT ROMBLON Scale 5 oo That Hyryny Tangay rad1901 Aproximate Geographics Position or La 1235 Lag 22 of Grech P Soundings and heights in foot Tides S8 LAND 0 IPPINE BANGED ISLANDS THE NORRIS PETERS CO PHOTO-LTHO. WASHINGTON, DC Port Romblon No. 4442 S Doc 2.80 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 787 I.; stands near beach at bottom of port of that name, at foot of high mountain. It has large trade in cocoanut oil; it has defenses originally designed against pirates. Cattle are plentiful. Pop., 6,764. Dependent islands.-Alad, about 1 m. from the NW. coast of Romblon, 2 m. E. and W. and 12 m. N. and S. Area, 2 sq. m. It is broad, clear, and abrupt. Bangud; an islet off the SW. point of Fort Romblon. Cobrador; 5 m. to the NNW. of Romblon, clear and abrupt, except on the SW. Area, 13 sq. m. Lugbung; 2 m. from NE. to SW., narrow in the middle, but wide at each end, with 2 hills. It fronts Romblon Bay. Vegetable products.-The chief occupation of the people is the raising of cattle, which are plentiful and exported. A small quantity of tobacco of an inferior quality is raised. Minerals.-The island is very rich in quartz, marble, and slate. The marble of Romblon is famous in the East, and extensive quarries are being worked for the Manila and other markets. Forests.-Among the forest products is gum mastic, which is found in sufficient quantities to constitute an article of export. Copra is also exported. mblon the chief small 9 SIBUYÁN. bar, which must be winds its way around the E. side of The second largest and most E. of the islands of Romblon Province. Location and boundaries.-Situated 7 m. SE. of Romblon, 35 m. W. of Masbate, 45 m. S. of Tayabas, Luzón, and the same distance from about the center of the N. coast of Panay. Area.-It is 17 m. from NW. to SE. and 10 m. from NE. to SW. Area, 90 sq. m. Physical features. The surface is extremely mountainous, there being 8 dis- tinct peaks. Almost out of the center of these rises Mt. Sibuyan or Guitinguitin, which reaches an elevation of 6,424 ft., and is visible 75 m. at sea in clear weather. Mts. Naílog or Silla, Hendida, and Cerro de Guitacor are in the NW. and Mts. Cónico and South East in the S. There are 3 principal rivers. The Mabalog or España rises on the highest peak of the island of the W. side, and falls in beautiful cascades into an extensive valley, which, with several smaller streams, it waters, finally discharging on an extensive sandy beach a short distance E. of Pt. Mabalog, from which it takes its name. This river has a depth of 12 ft. inside at low water, and 9 ft. on the bar, which must be crossed at high water. The Cambulayan has its source on the W. side of Sibuyan, winds its way around several mountains, and, increasing its volume from several small rivers, empties on the E. side of the island, a short distance S. of Pt. Cambulayan. There is 3 ft. depth on the bar and deeper water inside. The Naílog has its source on one of the highest peaks of the NW. Receiving the waters of several small rivers, it flows through the most extensive valley of the island, and empties on the N. side over a sandy beach, about the center of a bay situated between Balaring and Pagdulog Pts. There are, besides, many smaller rivers and creeks, all containing as fine drinking water as is found in the archipelago. Bays and harbors.--The N. coast is unsafe, the NE. part being fringed by reefs of sand and rocks at a distance of nearly 2 m. From the E. point around to the S. and on the S. the shores are clear and present good anchorages. The coast at the mouth of the Mabalog sounds 4 to 62 fms. from 700 to 1,400 ft. from the shore, and falls quickly to 50 and 60 fms. at 2 m. Cajidiocan; excellent anchorage for vessels of all sizes during both monsoons. Magallanes; small bay on the coast and receives the Naílog Riv. Population and towns.-The population of Sibuyan is divided into coast and mountain races. The former are Visayan and speak that language. The latter are known as Manguianes and have their own language. The inhabitants along the coast, except in the towns, are not thrifty as regards industry or habits of life. The Manguianes, a semiwild race of the mountains of the interior, are docile in their intercourse with persons from the coast. They are indolent and filthy, go naked, and suffer from skin diseases. Some of these tribes have not been brought under the influence of organized tribal nor of municipal government. The number of these people is not known, but is estimated at 500. All the towns, villages, and cultivation are on the S. side of the island. Azagra; small peninsula at the extreme S. Pop., 3,980. Cajidiocan; on the E. coast, situated in a picturesque valley between forest-covered hills. The people are largely engaged in agriculture. Cattle are abundant. Pop., 3,636. Káuit; on a tongue of sand at the extreme S. point of the island and has the remains of a fort. Pop., 500. organizeases. Se coast."htains of industry 788 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Magallanes; on the NW. coast, on the bay of that name, on the l. bank of the mouth of the Naílog Riy. Pop., 1,055. There are also several villages on the coast. Dependent islands.-The coasts of Sibuyan are particularly free from outlying islands, the only one being Cresta de Gallo, or Cocks Comb, an islet low and coy- ered with trees, 73 m. SE. of Pt. Káuit, the extreme end of the mainland. It shows several peaks along its length of 34 m., hence its name. It is also one of the land- marks of the channel between Sibuyan and Masbate. Vegetable products.—The soil is extremely fertile and the beautiful lowlands offer every opportunity for successful production of rice, corn, sugar cane, etc. Minerals.-Gold is found in the sands of the Naílog Riv. A number of the inhab- Forests. There are vast forests of valuable woods, but no effort is made to utilize them for building or commerce. Fruits.-The cultivated and wild fruits so abundant in quantity and variety in the Visayas are also found on this island. Industries.-The inhabitants of Sibuyán live in misery and plant nothing except what is absolutely necessary to existence. A few engage in the collection of beche de mer (trepang) and tortoise shell in the surrounding waters. A small quantity of tobacco of an inferior quality for home consumption is raised by the most primi- tive methods. SIMARA. This island, 870 ft. high and flat-topped, occupies a position approximately in the middle of the channel between Bantón and the N. point of Tablas, 22 m. NW. of Romblon. It is highly cultivated. On the S. shore is the only town, Corcuera, which has a church and fort, and a population of 1,995. The water around the island is deep, having 40 fms. m. from the N. end, but no anchorages. The island is 52 m. NE. TO SW., and 2 m. NW. to SE.Area, 6 sq. m. 2 m. from pulation Shore ist of Taproxima TABLAS. The largest and W. island of Romblón Province, consisting of a long narrow strip of land on the W. side of Mindoro Sea, 8 m. W. of Romblon, 31 m. E. of Mindoro, of land of Marindundoro on the and 13 m. which flows past Mindoro on the SE. from that of Cápiz on the N. of Panay. Area.-It is 40 m. N. and S., and 13 m. E. and W. Area, 320 sq. m; dependent islands, 10 sq. m.; total, 330 sq. m. Physical features.-The surface is mountainous. In the extreme NE. rises Cabeza de Tablas, 2,405 ft. high, dominating the entire island, and 15 m. to the SE. lies the Northeast Mt., 2,206 ft. high. On the S. is Mt. Galatón, a summit 1,473 ft. high. In de Tablas, a), features.ta1, ,330 sq.» the drainage of the mountains during the rainy season. Bays and harbors.-In general the coasts are clear and abrupt. On the W. coast are anchorages for small craft in the NE. monsoon. The channel between the NE. point of Tablas and the islands of Romblon and Cobrador, is 3, m. wide and free from danger. It is the passage usually taken from Verde I. passage to Jintotolo channel. Loog affords the only shelter on the W. coast during the SW. monsoon. It is about 3 by 5 m. in area. The shores are abrupt, with 11 to 20 fms. The entrance points are about'1 m. apart; vessels of all sizes can anchor before the town of the same name, which stands on its shores. A river N. of the town furnishes excellent water for vessels. Odiungán; on the W. coast, has shelter from the NW. monsoon. Tambolotan; a wide bay S. of Cabeza Mt., on the NE. point of Tablas. Vessels of all drafts can find shelter in the SW, monsoon, but very deep water. The port of Romblon bears E. by S. 18 m. Roads and communications. With the exception of trails, the means of land transportation are limited. Trade between the towns, all of which are situated on the coast, is by native craft. Population and towns.-The island, for its size, has some fine towns. Andagao; lies on the NW. coast. Badajoz; on the E. coast, has a large trade with Romblon. Pop., 3,234. Bantay; at the head of a small bay on the E. coast. Catolog; stands at the head of a small bay on the SW. coast. Corcuera. Pop., 1,995. Looc, or Loog; on the SW. coast, is on the shore of one of the finest harbors in the province. Pop., 4,500. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 789 Lanan; north of Pt. Calaton, E. coast. Pop., — Odiungán; on the bay of that name on the E. coast. Pop., 5,294. Salado, or Parpagoja; on the W. coast. Pop., 2,274. Tingarac; at the head of a bay on the SW. coast. Pop., - Dependent islands.-Although there are 16 islands, chiefly off the W. coast of Tablas, with a total area of about 10 sq. m., but 1, Cabahan, between Pts. Galatón and Sur, or Cabalían, the extreme S. end of Tablas, is associated with a name. The vegetable products are wholly used in home consumption. The island having been but little explored, nothing is known of its mineral resources. The entire island is covered with forests, which, however, are not accessible for economic pur- poses, owing to the lack of means of reaching the coast. The industries of the island are almost entirely for home purposes. Theur, or Can total area- Although the 's Pop., sed in homes mineral resou for economic puna UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. On February 15, 1902, Romblon was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Romblon, Romblon I. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Under enactment of the P. C. March 16, 1901, the provisions of the act of Febru- ary 6, 1901, for the organization of provincial government in the P. I., were extended to “the territory embracing the islands of Romblon, Tablas, Sibuyán, Bantón, Maestre de Campo, and Simara, heretofore known as the district of Romblon, together with the island of Carabao.” PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor .. $1,200 Secretary .. 900 Treasurer. 1,500 Supervisor 1,300 Fiscal ..... 1,000 And expenses not exceeding $2 per day as prescribed. Presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities to meet, organize, and transact business as provided in the "provincial government act.” The offices of the provincial government are established in the pueblo of Romblon. By enactment June 18, 1901, the provisions of the enabling act of Romblon Province were amended to provide semiannual" instead of quarterly meetings, to read: “Sec. 4. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of this province shall meet on the third Monday in April and October to consider improvements needed in the province," etc. (as thereunder provided). CONDITIONS. “I can inform you that there is nothing new in the province, which enjoys perfect tranquillity and is going ahead on the road of progress and knowledge." (Official report of the provincial governor of Romblon, December, 1901.) ROMBLÓN (rohm-blohn'), ver.; capital, pueblo, | ROÑA (roh-nyah), Sp.; inlet W. of Negra Pt. and and p. o. of province comprising group of is in channel between Cagayan and Palaui I., lands of that name, E. point Sábang light, N. off NE. coast Cagayán, Luzón. of harbor of same name, 204 m. from Manila. - islet in middle of NE. waters of narrowing Town is at end of small cove in SE. of bay. sea channel between Palaui I. on NW. and On hillside about 400 feet NE. of Romblon mainland of Cagayán, Luzon, on SE. landing is conspicuous limestone ledge at ele- vation of about 150 ft. Tablas Mt. is inner RONDA (rohn'-dah). Sp.; pueblo on W. coast of landmark of approach; inner harbor in front Cebú, 21 m. SW. of Dumangas, 37 m. SW. of of town is completely landlocked in any Cebú. Pop., 4,394. weather. Harbor between Sábang and Agba- ROQUETAS (roh-kay-tahs), Sp.: pueblo on Dávao tan Pts. is protected from N. storms. Pop., Gulf. W. shore of Davao, Mindanao, 71 m. 6,764. SSW. of Dávao. ROMERA (roh-may'-rah), Sp.; hamlet in pueblo of Cabagan, Isabela, Luzón. ROSA (roh'-sah): point Sw. of Negra Pt., Ilocos ROMINGADO (raw-mean-gah'-daw), ver.; moun- Norte, Luzón. tain in pueblo of Bangued, Abra, Luzon, W. - hamlet on SW.coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, of town. N. of Linao Bay. 790 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ROSA; island in Green Island Bay (Johnson I. on English charts), E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. ROSAL (roh-sahl'), Sp.; hamlet in W. Cápiz, Panay, 4 m. SW. of Jamindao. ROSALES (roh-sah'-less), Sp.; pueblo of Nueva Ecija, Luzon, 2, m. from mouth of tributary of Agno Riy., 38 m. N. of San Isidro. Con- nected by highways with Manila and coast road N. to Ilocos. Pop., 11, 519. - mountain in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. ROSARIO (roh-sah'-ryoh): river debouching 2, m. from point of same name in Batangas, Luzón. - point on S. coast of Batangas, Luzón. - pueblo and p. 0. on S. coast of E. Batan- gas, Luzon, at mouth of river of same name. Pop., 12, 435. - hamlet inland from NW. coast of Port Usón on S. coast Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., China Sea, between Paragua, Palawan, and Mindoro. - pueblo in Cavite, Luzón, 44 m. SW. of Ca- vite. Pop., 6,385. More generally known also as Salinas. - hamlet in pueblo of Aritao, Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. - inland hamlet in W. foothills of range in NE. Misamis, Mindanao, 6 m. E. by S. of Jasaan. - hamlet on 1. bank of Grande de la Pam- panga Riv., in Pampanga, Luzón, 9 m. E. of Bacolor. - hamlet on main road in Pampanga, Luzón, 6. m. NE. of Bacolor. - pueblo of Unión, Luzón, connected with coast highway by road 9 m. long, and situ- ated in mountains 30 m. in direct line SE. of San Fernando. Pop., 2,246. ROSAS (roh'-sahs), Sp.; point on W. head at en- trance to Romblon port, Romblon, Visayas. ROSS, for., or TABONAN (tah-boh'-nahn), ver.; cape N. of Wreck Head, N. point of Inlulutoe Bay, NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. ROUND TREE, for.; hamlet on SW. shore of Siar- gao I., on W. entrance to Dapa Channel, off NE. coast Surigao, Mindanao. ROYALIST, for.; name by which Puerto Princesa, Palawan, was formerly known. RUBIDO (roo-beel-doh), Sp.; bay on S. shore of Maestre de Campo I., off E. coast of Mindoro. RUGACAY (roo-gah-ky'), yer.; hamlet in pueblo of Gumaca, Tayabas, Luzón. RUGGED LIMESTONE GROUP, for.; remarkable collection of rugged islands of limestone for- mation extending 8 m. NNW. off Bacuit Bay, Paragua, Palawan. Sides of these islands present bare perpendicular cliffs of every variety of tint, with numerous stalactitic caverns in which edible bird's nest is sought. Summits terminate in small clusters of needle peaks, and wherever it is possible for vegeta- tion to take root they are luxuriantly clothed with foliage, Pandanus predominating. Bases of all islands are worn by action of sea water, undermining them at places to height of 15 and 20 ft. Impossible to land upon them except at few places where break has occurred. Owing to their peculiar physical characteristics and inaccessibility, these is- lands are favorite resort for salangane or Col- lacalia esculenta (swift). Hunters from main- land fit out expeditions annually for islands. Precipitous cliffs and caverns, only to be reached from ocean, make this pursuit ex- tremely perilous. Some feats in scaling these cliffs as reported are almost beyond belief. RUMBÁN (room-bahn'), ver.; point on SW. coast of Mindoro, between Busuanga and Lumintan Pts., lat. 12° 23' 30" N. RUNGUS (roong'-oos), ver.; point in Ambos Ca' marines (Sur), Luzón. RUTALO (roo-tah'-law), ver.; river rising in mountains of SW, Albay, Luzón, takes SW. course entering Cuipia Riv., thence following boundary with Sorsogon empties into sea at Donsol. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 791 SAAC (sah-ack'), nat.; point on mainland, E. coast of Cebú, 2, m. w. of Capitancillo I. Low range of hills lies 3 m. inland, showing summit 1,122 ft. above sea WSW. of Saac Pt. - islet 5 m. N. of Talibón, N. coast of Bohol, Visayas. SAAMONG (sah-ah-mohng'), nat.; mountain in NW. Sámar. SAÁN (sah-ahn'), nat.; point on S. coast of Sulu I., Sulu grp., Sulu A., lat. 5° 50' N. SAAVEDRA (sah-ah-vay-drah), Sp.; village on E. shore of Balut I., S. of Lajan Pt., Sarangani Is., S. of Mindanao. Hot spring of consider- able volume lies on shore S. of this village. SABAGAN (sah-bah'-gahn), ver.; range of sec- ondary mountains in Benguet, Luzon. SABÁLAY (sah-bah'-lie), ver.; bank 3 m. long, 2 m. broad, 1. m. NW. of Arenas Pt., W. coast of Zambales, Luzón. Between these points are several pinnacles in 4 fms. water. SABALON (sah-bah-lawn'), ver.; river in Panay, 68 m. in length, torrent during rainy season. SABÁN (sah-bahn'), nat.; hamlet in Cavite, Lu- zón, 12 m. S. of Cavite. - hamlet in pueblo of Libong, Albay, Luzon. - hamlet on S. coast of Marinduque I., off SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzon, with fine coast to Marlanga Pt. (q. v.). - point in Biliran I., Visayan grp. - point on SW. shore of Lubang I., SE. of Naguianco Pt. SÁBANA (sah -bah-nah), Sp.; hamlet on E. shore of Cebú, 1 m. N. of Sibonga. SABANG (sah-bahng'), nat.; point on NE. end of NW. peninsula of Leyte, 2 m. NW. of Villalón. point S. of town of Bulán and river of that name, SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón, - point in Tayabas, Luzón. - town in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon. - hamlet on W. coast of Leyte, 11 m. N. of Palompón. -- point, lat. 12° 36' N., lon. 122° 17' 3" E., at N. entrance to Romblon Harbor, Romblon I., Romblon grp., Visayas; has light-house which marks latitude and longitude of port. - river entering on W. shore of Albay Gulf at Legaspi, Albay, Luzón; provincial capital, Al- bay, lies on its r. bank about 2 m. above its mouth. SABANGAN (sah-bahng'-ahn), nat.; river in ex- treme NW.. Sámar, emptying into San Ber- nardino Strait. - town in Lepanto, Luzon. SABANGAY (sah-bahng'-1), Tag.; hamlet in Bula- cán, Luzon, 22 m. N. of Bulacán. SABANY (sah-bah'-nee), ver.; hamlet in moun- tains of Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol, Visayas, 2 m. NW. of Lacy. SABASÓN (sah-bah-sohn'), ver.; point on E. shore of Basot I., Off N. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. SABAT (sah-baht'), nat.; hamlet on tributary of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., in SW. central Sámar, 2 m. N. of Gándara. SABINARIO (sah-bee-nah'-ryoh), Sp.; river emptying into NW. waters of gulf of Asid, Masbate I., Visayas. SABINO (sah-beel-noh). Sp.: river in Sibuyan I., Romblon grp., empties on SW. coast. SABIONGUÍN (sah-byohn-geen'), ver.; point on SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. SABLAI (sah-blie'), nat.; point on W. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A., on channel be- tween island and Lapac. SABLÁN (sah-blahn'), ver.; pueblo in Benguet, Luzon. Pop., Cn. 1887, 543. SABLAYÁN (sah-blah-yahn'), nat.; town and point on W. coast of Mindoro, SE. shore of Pandán Bay, heading NE. from S. side of Pan- dán Pt., 50 m. SSW. of Calapan Pt. 2 islands of Pandán lie N. of Sablayán Pt. Anchor- age between Sablayán Pt. and coast to E. inner lagoon is suitable only for native coasters. Town on W. side of anchorage has church and school. Fowls, fish, and cocoa- nuts are obtainable and water is had from vells dug through in coral. Along this part of coast SE. by S., 35 m. to Mangarín, are high ranges of mountains considerable distance inland, with extensive lowlands dropping seaward. Pop., 1,600. See chart, p. 793.) - point in Romblon I., Visayas. -pueblo in Ilocos Sur, Luzon. Pop., 851. village on creek same name entering chan- nel on W. shore Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. SABOANPADON (sah-baw-ahn-pah'-dohn), ver.; point on W. coast Cotabato, Mindanao, lat. 6° 58' N. SABÓN (sah-bohn'), nat.: hamlet in Sorsogon, Luzón, 17 m. NW. of Albay. ---point on SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón, lat. 12° 40' 10" N. - island off Sw. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon. SABONCOGON (sah-bohn-coh'-gohn), ver.; point on NE. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 10 m. NW. of Navas. SABOÓN (sah-boh-ohn'), ver.; island 1 m. E. and W. on NE. shore of Ragay Bay, off NW. coast Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon, at Oktok Pt. SABORUCO (sah-boh-roof-coh), ver.; point on N. shore of Puerto Princesa, about 1 m. SE. of Puerto Princesa; has tower 43 ft. high on its end with fixed white light visible 6 m. by vessels approaching town. SABOS (sah-boss), nat.; village on Balábac I., off extreme Sw. point of Palawan. SABRO (sah'-broh), ver.; peak 5,173 ft. high, in Caraballo Sur, in Ambos Camarines, Luzon. SABTÁN, or SAPTÁN (sahb-tahn', sahp-tahn'). ver.; southernmost of uslands of Batanes grp.. off N. coast Cagayán, Luzón, 47 m. N. and's. and 3) m. E. and W., area 6 sq. m.; separated from Sw. end of Batán I. by channel 21 m. wide. San Vicente only town on island with pop. of 1,935. Entire island surrounded by small reefs; also known by name of Semi- nanga; soil is similar to Batán. SACAAN (sah-cah'-ahn), ver.; point on E. coast of Cebú, 14 m. N. of Carmen. SACARÓN (sah-cah-rohn'), ver.; bay in S. Min- danao. SACASACAN (sah-cah-sah'-cahn), nat.; pueblo in Bontoc, Luzón, near Isabela boundary, 9 m. N. of Bontoc. Pop., 695. SACAY-SACAY (sah-ky-sah-ky'), nat.; point in W. Leyte. SACCOL, or SAKOL (sahk-call'), ver.: island 755 ft. high, off SE. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, 7! m. long by 3 wide. Separated 792 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SACCOL, or SAKOL-Continued. from mainland by channel 14 m. wide. Small island lies W. of it in wide opening of mouth of river upon which Tetuán stands. - small cluster of islands off SE. extreme of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. (See Sakol I.) Among small dependent islands are Vilavi- lan and Tulnalutan. SACLAYAN (sah-clah'-yahn), nat.; point forming N. head to inner bay of Sorsogon port, Sorso- gón, Luzón. SACO DE NEGROS (sah'-coh day nay'-grohs), Sp.; creek in Negros, Luzón. SACOP (sah-cohp'), nat; hamlet of Negros Occi- dental, at head waters of Binalbagan Riv., 10 m. E. of Binalbagan. SACPÂ (sack-pah'), ver.; small s. tributary of Ulut Riv., in Sámar. SACRIPANTE (sah-cree-pahn'-tay), ver.; moun- tain peak 3,911 ft. high, in range running parallel to W. coast of Leyte, at distance of 5 m. inland. SADANGA (sah-dahng-ah'), nat.; pueblo of Bon- toc, Luzón, 20 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 519; township, 648. SADDLE, for.; island in N. entrance of Endeavor Strait, Malampaya Sound, W. coast of Para- gua, Palawan. - summit on Cordillera Pulute, visible from Island Bay, E. coast of S. Palawan. - double-peaked elevation 3,600 ft. high, in Butulan or E. coast range, in extreme SE. peninsula of Dávao, Mindanao, between Sa- rangani Bay, on NW. and Célebes Sea coast on SE. 164 m. Malauyon and Tabayon are earest coast hamlets, 6 m. E. - hill 1.000 ft. high, on N. side of Inlulutoc Bay, NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. - island S. of Boayen I., off NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. - mountain and point on NW. shore of Murciélagos Bay, Dapitan, Mindanao. (See Silla mountain and point.) --rock off entrance to Halsey Harbor, Culión I., Calamianes grp., China Sea, between Paragua, Palawan, and Mindoro. SADLÓN (sahd-lohn'), ver.; crater in NW. Leyte, 1 m. SE. of Leyte. SADOCÚN (sah-doh-coon'), ver.; lake in chain of inland waters in central Surigao, Mindanao, SW. of Dagun Lake, into which it discharges its surplus waters (see Lake Dagun), 6 m. N. and s., 2 m. E. and w. Town of Clavijo lies on SE. shore. SAGADA (sah-gah'-dah), ver.; pueblo of Bontoc, Luzón, 20 m. from Bontoc. Pop., Cn. 1887, 1,000. SAGAL (sah-gahl'), nat.; point at NE. extremity of Negros Occidental, also known as Carey, and on English chart as Bitó (q.v.). - point on SW. coast of Davao, Mindanao, NW. of Sarangani C. SAGAN (sah'-gahn), ver.; mountain in Abra, Lu- zón, lat. 17° 35' N. SAGAO (sah-gah-oh), nat.; bay on NE. coast of Marinduque off SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, lat. 13° 33' N. SAGARAY (sah-gah-rye'), ver.; extinct volcano in S. Sámar, 4 m. NE of Balangiga. SAGARAYAN (sah-gah-rah'-yahn), ver.; island and anchorage in S. shore Cotabato, Minda- nao, situated S. of point N. of Dinas Bay. (See Ticala.) SAGASA (sah-gah'-sah), nat.; hamlet of Negros Occidental, 4 m. E. of Valladolid. SAGASAY (sah-gah-sigh'), ver,; islet 7 m. NE. of Talibón, N. coast of Bohol, Visayas. SAGAUSAUN (sah-gow-sah'-oon), ver.; point on NE, shore of Masbate I., Visayas, lat. 12° 24' 10' N. SAGAY, or SOGAY (sah-gi', soh-gi'), nat.; point and pueblo on SW. shore of Camiguin I., off N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao; 3 m. N. is active volcano of Camiguin. Point is 2 m. SW. of town. Pop., 5,066. - town and point in Negros Occidental, known also by name of Carey. - pueblo in Misamis, Mindanao. (Also Sogay). SAGAYARAN (sah-gah-yah'-rahn), nat.; island in NE. entrance to Malabug Bay, W. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. SAGBUN (sahg'-boon), Tag.; point on N. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. SAGCADOC (sahg-cah-dock'), ver.; point in Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzon. SAGNAY (sahg-nigh'), ver.; pueblo in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 13 m. from Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 3,985. SAGPORAN (sahg-poh'-rahn), ver.; hamlet on NE. shore of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, in SW. Sámar. SAGSIG CABALISÍAN (sahg-seeg' cah-bah-lee- see'-ahn), ver.; peak in Caraballos Occiden- tales, Luzón, SAGUARAN (sah-gwah'-rahn), ver.; hamiet on 1. bank of Iligan Riv., 2 m. from outlet of Lanao Lake into Iligan Bay, Misamis, Min- danao. SAGUI (sah'-gee), nat.; W. point of Tonkil I., Ba- languingui grp., Sulu A. SAGUIN (sah'-geen), nat.; hamlet in Pampanga, Luzon, 6. m. NW. of Bacolor. SÁGUING-SÁGUING (sah' - geeng-sah' - geeng), nat.; point w. shore of Misamis port, Misa- mis, Mindanao, 41 m. SW. of Misamis. SAGULON (sah-goo-lawn), nat.; river in extreme SW. Cebú, falling into Tañón Strait1 m. N. of Sambuan. SAGÚMAY (sah-goo'-my), nat.; point on W. shore of Ulugan Bay, W. coast of Paragua, Pala- wan, opposite Rita I. SAGUNGAN (sah-goong'-ahn), ver.; mountain 5 m. SE. of Sierra Bullones, in E. Bohol, Visayas. SAGUNTO (sah-goon'-toh), Sp.; hamlet on E. side of mouth of Luzón Riv., NE. coast of Negros Occidental, 6 m. SW. of Escalante. -town on r. bank of river entering Agusan Riy, near outlet of Pinayat Lake, midway between main stream and La Paz, 37 m. S. of Butúan, in Surigao, Mindanao. SAIL ROCK, for.: islet 70 ft. high, 51 m. NE. of Capi I., Laparan grp., Sulu A. - remarkable rock 140 ft. high and one of group 1 m. NW. of Dimipac (Dimipak) I., off extreme N. coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., between Paragua, Palawan, and Min- doro. SAISÁIN (sigh-sah'-inn), Tag.; point on seacoast of Bataan, Luzón. SAJO, or GAJO (sah'-hoh, gah'-hoh), ver.; point 2 m. SE. of Jesús Pt., on S. shore of Albay Gulf, Albay, Luzón. SAL (sahl), Sp.; group of islets off E. coast of Iloilo, Panay, at Pili, S. of Ajui Bay. SALA (sah'-lah), nat.; point at extreme SE. end of small peninsula dividing Tabaco Bay and Albay Gulf, in Albay, Luzón. - point at extreme NW. end of Lubang I., off coast of Batangas, Luzón, and E. by S. across channel from Cabra or Goat I., of Lu- bang grp. SALA, or SULA (sah-lah, soo'-lah), nat.; chan- nel m. between Albay and Cacraray I., Lu- zón, and connecting Tabaco Bay (N.) and Al- bay Gulf (S.). SÁLAC (sah-lack), ver.; town in E. Sámar. SALÁCAI (sah-lah'-ky), nat.; point on extreme SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, NE. of Gual Pt. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, 793 IN SA Jo Jo 8 9 lo 20 30 Sablayan LO Eiga 18 Coral me covered at 20 22 VARIATION NEARLY MX (129S STATIONARY 18 MINDORO 1. SABLAYAN ANCHORAGE by Capt?JP. Macleard the Officers of PLM S. Flying Fish,1886. Vantay Lat: 12:50 15 N. Long 120 44.42 E EW.F.&CX 307 Sp. rise 2; feet lin Aprel) 794 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SALACOT (sah-lah-coht'), Tag.; hamlet on main SALEY (sah-lay'), Tag.; point in Tayabas, Luzón. road in Bulacan, Luzón, 26 m. N. of Bulacán. SALGÁN (sahl-gahn'), ver.: hamlet in Cápiz, Pa- -point on E. coast of Leyte, 6 m. SE. of nay, 3 m. S. of Mayón. Abúyog. SALIG (sah'-lig), Tag.; point on Laguna de Bay, SALACSÁ (sah-lack-sah',), nat.; peak in Caraba Laguna, Luzón. llos Occidentales, SW. Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. SALIGIT (sah-lee-hit'), ver.: mountain with long SALADA (sah-lah'-dah), Sp.; flat island 7 m. SW. flat summit on Iloilo Strait, SE. coast of Iloilo, from Bungá (Párang) Pt., SW. shore of Sulu Panay, and forming mark for E. end of Iguano I., Sulu A.; island forms complete lagoon in bank. closing miniature archipelago of islets with SALIMBAL (sah-lim-bahl'), ver.; point on E. shore entrance navigable by boats at high water on of Iligan Bay, N. coast of Mindanao. S. On W. extreme navigators have long SALIM BUBUC (sah-lim-boo-book'), nat.; island in noted 2 enormous fan palms which, on ap- center of Cabulaun I., 7. m. SE. by E. of Cabu- proaching from sea, resemble 2 native prahus under full sail. laun, E. of Paragua, Palawan, Mindoro Sea. SALADO (sah-lah'-doh), Sp.; island off Tablas I., SALÍN (sah-leen'), nat.; river in Bohol, Visayas. Romblon grp. SALINAS (sah-lee'-nas), Sp.; hamlet in Cavite, SALADONGON (sah-lah-dohng'-ohn), nat.; creek Luzón, 6 m. S. of Cavite. emptying on extreme SW. shore of Panguil - point on NW. coast of Cavite, Luzón, Ma- Bay, sw. end of Misamis port, Misamis, Min nila Bay, near outlet of Canas Riv., lat. 14° danao. 25' 30" N. SÁLAG (sah'-lahg), nat.; hamlet on NW. coast of - barrio forming part of the municipality Guimarás I., off E. coast of Iloilo, Panay. of Sariaya, Tayabas, Luzón; by act of P. C. - small stream on S. coast of Negros Orien- July 22, 1902, was sepatated from that mu- tal, emptying into sea 6) m. NW. of Siatón Pt. nicipality and incorporated as a barrio of the municipality of Lucena, Tayabas, Luzón. SALAGALPON (sah-lah-gahl-pohn'), ver.; hamlet on l. bank of Pulangui Riv., 37 m. SE. of SALINCAPAORAAN (sah-lin-cah-pah-oh-rah'- Lepanto, E. Misamis, Mindanao. ahn), Tag.; point in S. Tayabas, Luzón. SALAGON (sah-lah'-gohn), ver.; hamlet in Am SALINDEG (sah-lean-dayg'), ver.; hamlet in bos Camarines (Sur), Luzon, near Albay pueblo of Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Luzón. boundary on main road. SALIO (sah'-lyoh), ver.; stream in SW. Bohol, SALAGULAUAN (sah-lah-gee-ah'-wahn), ver.; entering sea through Abalan Riv. at Pami- point on S. end of central range in Panay, on nuitan. boundary between Iloilo and Antique. SALIPAANG (sah-lee-pah-ang'), ver.; hamlet in SALÁLAI (sah-lah'-lie), nat.; hamlet on upper Benguet, Luzón. Pop., 900. waters of Maridago Riv., Cotabato, Min SALIPÍN (sah-lee-peen'), ver.; islands in Basilan danao. grp., off SW. Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. - village near 1. bank of Upper Mindanao, - channel in Basilan grp. to s., toward Sulu Lanao, Mindanao. A., off sw. Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. SALAMANCA (sah-lah-mahn'-cah), Sp.; hamlet on NE. coast of Negros Occidental, 8 m. SW. SALITRÁN (sah-lee-trahn'), Tag.; hamlet in Ca- of Escalante. vite, Luzón, 114 m. S. of Cavite. hamlet in Cordillera Central in S. Cebú, 4 SALKULAKIT (sahl-koo-lah-kit), ver.; islet and m. WSW. of Nueva Cáceres. 2 rocks, Lakit, on S. edge of Sangboy bank, SALANAN (sah-lah'-nahn), nat.; point in S. Min- NW. of Basilan I., off SW. Zamboanga Pen., danao. Mindanao. SALANGAN (sah-lahng'-ahn), nat.; village on S. | SALLANGAN (sah-lyahng'-ahn), ver.; mountain shore of Leleboon I., off S. point of Calicoan in pueblo of Bangui, NE.of town, Ilocos Norte, I., off extreme SE. coast of Sámar, Visayas. Luzón. SALAPAG (sah-lah-pahg'), nat.; hamlet in Abra, SÁLOG (sah'-log), nat.; river in SW. Leyte, enter- ing sea at Hilongos. Luzón, 13m. SE. of Bangued. SALASA (sah-lah-sah), nat.; pueblo in Panga- - river in Iloilo, Panay, rising in Maasin Mt., sinán, Luzón, at head Agno delta and at forks with affluents Tigum and Ayuman, and of highway to Binmaley (NE.) and Sual empties near Iloilo. (NW.), both on gulf and river highway, S. - islet in bay of Aquí, 31 m. S. of Aquí, Con- along 1. bank of Agno, 4 m. S. of Lingayen. cepción, Iloilo, Panay. Pop., 7,067. - river rising near W. coast of Sámar and SALASALÁ (sah-lah-sah-lah'), nat.; point on Pa emptying on same coast. cific coast of Dávao, Mindanao. - mountain in Laguna, Luzon. SALAUAN (sah-lah'-wahn), nat.; point on E. shore - river emptying on W. shore of Panguil of Illana Bay in Cotabato, Mindanao, N. of Bay, SW. end of Misamis port, Misamis, Min- Polloc. danao, at Cabgán Pt., 14 m. SW. of Misamis. SALAY (sah-lie'), nat.; hamlet 2m. N. of Hiabong, Entrance is known as Bocana Orang. W. Sámar. SALOGA (sah-loh'-gah), ver.; hamlet in SE. part - pueblo on shore of Misamis, Mindanao, ap- of Negros Oriental, 5 m. SW. of Dumaguete. proaching Macajalar Bay from N. Pop., 1,816. SALOGANBANUG (sah-loh-gahn-bah-noog'), nat.; SALCEDO (sahl-thay-doh), Sp.; pueblo on S. shore of extreme SE. Sámar, 68 m. SE. of Catbalogan. point on E. side of entrance to Port Sorsogon, At this point projection of Sámar is but 3 m. Sorsogon, Luzón Anchorage off point has 6 from Salcedo on sea channel, SW. to Hagnay fms. Pt. on Pacific shore, NE. Pop., 4,470. SALOMAGUE (sah-law-mah'-gay), ver.; island in - river on S. coast of Sámar, entering about China Sea, off locos Sur, Luzón. Coast is 7m. N. of Tubabao I. rocky. Anchorage 6 to 7 fms. in front of Ca- bugao Riv. -- pueblo in Ilocos Sur, Luzón, 2, m. NE. of - port of entry, lat. 17° 47' 17" N., lon. 120° Santa Lucía, with which it is connected by 25' 4" E., to Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Luzón, during road. Pop., 914. summer months, when it is impossible to SALDE (sahl’-day), Sp.; town on 1. bank of Bitad- land merchandise at Pandán. Sheltered ex- can Riv., 13 m. from W. coast of Antique, Pa cept from SW. and WNW. Island of same nay. name lies m. from port. Is port of call for SALEKAN, or SHARP (sah-lay'-cahn), ver.; peak coast steamers and has rice magazines. Gap 2,815 ft. high, 51 m. to N. of Mantalingahan in mountains affords intercourse with in- Mt., in S. Palawan. terior. SALOMAGUE ISLAN hilly and wooded. 313 . 2 1%78724 10 12 12 72 76 63 46 PORT SALOMAGUE TOETS 67 ala 21 overed with 10 h all trees has 12 * R 30 1112 MOUNT BULAGAO SLX 11 13 892 23 25 6 6. (1901) ONA L A P0G BẢY 12 12 - 12 10 11 PHILIPPINE ISLANDS WEST COAST OF LUZON APPROACHES TO PORT SAL OMÂGUE| PINGET ISLAND From a survey in December, 1900, and Jamany, 1901, by the officers of the U.8.Gunboad. Yorktown, Commandor: EDT w sig, U.S.N.com of the U.S.Ganbout Quro, Lieutenant P.J. Werich U.S.N.comdg md of the U.S.Camboat Sunar, Lisatamant GCDay, U.S.N gonda Part Sailom agur, Hlagutut'l, Lt.17° 47' 17" N Long 120*25 047r. Nautical Miles Co.coral, M.mod 3. sand, gy, gray, the fine, rhy. rocky S Doc 28.0 57 13 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 795 SALOMAGUE; point 8 m. SE. of Santa Cruz and E. SALUNGI, or PANGOY (sah-loohng-ee', pahn- point of Marinduque, off Sw.coast of Tayabas, goy'), Tag.: point on w. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. Low and covered with mangroves. Luzón, lat. 13° 16' N. Between this and Marlanga Pt. is bay between SÁLUT-SÁLUT (sah-loot-sah'-loot), nat.; bay, Kabuyok (Cabuyoc) and Paniki Pts., with Lapog (Lapug), S. of Salomague port, W. coast good anchorage. Lat. 13° 25' 20" N. Ilocos Sur, Luzon. - river in N. Luzón. SALVADOR (sahl-vah-dohr'), Sp.; pueblo on SW. SALONAQUI (sah-law-nah-key), ver.; hamlet in shore of Macajalar Bay, 16 m. NE. of Cagayan Pangasinan, Luzón, 7 m. s. of Lingayen. de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. Pop., Cn. SALONG (sah-lohng'), nat.; point on NE. coast of 1887, 3,293. Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. SE. of Balad. -anchorage, lat. 15° 30' 30" N., in Zambales SALTA SANGLEY (sahl'-tah sahn-glay'), Sp.; Luzón. range of hills in pueblo of Catarman, Samar, - island off coast of Zambales, Luzón. 5 m. N. of Oquendo. SALVADORA (sahl-vah-doh'-rah), Sp.; mineral SALTÁN (sahl-tahn'), nat.: former comandancia, spring in Benguet, W. Luzón. taking its name from branch of Chico de Caga SALVARÍA (sahl-vah-reel-ah), Sp.; islet in en yán Riv., and extends along bend which this trance to Loog Basin, Banacalan port, NW. river forms in Bontoc. Inhabitants number coast Marinduque. about 14,000, mostly pagans and subjugated - point E. side entrance to Loog Basin, Bana- Gaddanes, who speak Ibanag and Gaddán, calan port, NW. coast Marinduque, Off SW. Yaga, and Iraya languages. Is now located coast Tayabas, Luzón. in province of Lepanto-Bontoc, Luzón. SAMABINIGAN (sah-mah-bee-neel-gahn), ver.; - river in N. Luzon. river in Albay, Luzón, emptying into Lagonoy SALÚAN (sah-loo'-ahn), ver.; peak in Caraballos Gulf. Occidentales, Luzón. SAMACAP (sah-mah-cap'), ver.; hamlet on main SALUBU (sah-loo'-boo), ver.; hamlet on extreme road on l. bank of Grande de la Pampanga N. coast of Ilana Bay, in Cotabato, Mindanao, Riv., 9 m. N. of San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, 60 m. NW. of Cotabato. Luzón. (Also Sumacap.) SALUD (sah-lood'), Sp.; hamlet in central Pam- SÁMAL (sah'-mahl), nat.; pueblo and p. 0. in panga, Luzón, 7 m. NW. of Bacolor. Bataan, Luzon, on NW. shores of Manila Bay, 6 m. N. of Balanga. Pop., 5,233. SALUDE (sah-lool-day), ver.; island of Sulu grp., - island 22 m. NNW. and SSE. and 12 m. E. Sulu A. and w., with area of 178 sq. m., 820 ft. high, SALUDSUD-NI-BAGAN (sah-lood-sood-nee-bah'. occupying greater part of head of great gulf of Davao, Davao, Mindanao. W. shore forms, gahn), ver.; mountain in Samar. with mainland opposite, Pakiputan Strait, SÁLUG (sah-loog), ver.; E. branch of Tagum Riv., Shores in some places are low and wooded rising in Cotabato, Mindanao; outlet through and in others composed of high rocky cliffs, stream named into Davao Gulf, Dávao, Min Soil is fertile and excellent timber abounds. danao. Bay between Linao Pt. and Binulin Riv., - river rising in Surigao, Mindanao, and, nearly opposite Dávao. Island is densely crossing into Dávao, unites with Libaganon populated, 7 small towns along its w. shore. Riv, from W., forming Tagum Riv., through - islet off SE. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., which it discharges into Davao Gulf. Sulu A. - river in island of Panay. SAMALANG (sah-mah-lahng'), nat.; tributary of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- SALUISUI (sah-lwee-swee'), nat.; summit 289 ft. danao, above Tumbao. high, on 1. bank Calacan Riv., SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. SAMALES (sah-mah-less), Hisp.; cluster of islands, largest being Tatalan Bukutua, and SALUM (sah-loom'), ver.; hamlet on S. shore of Bulúan, in Balanguingui grp., Sulu A. Sindangan Bay, NW. coast of Misamis, Min- SÁMANG (sah-mahng), nat.; point on SE. coast danao. of Cebú, 1 m. S. of Boljo-on. SALUNGAN (sah-loong'-ahn), nat.; river empty- SAMANGAN (sah-mahng'-ahn), nat.; hamlet 3 m. ing on E. coast of Albay Bay, Albay, Luzon. E. of Súlat, E. coast of Sámar. SÁMAR, VISAYAS, ISLAND OF. ah'-mahr, ver.) Capital: Catbalogan, lat. 11° 46' 30" N., lon. 124° 52' E. • Area: Mainland, 5, 198 sq. m.; 148 dependent islands, 290 sq. m.; total, 5,488 sq. m. Population; 185,386; refugees in mountains, 10,000; estimated, total, 195,386. Race: Visayan. Language: Visayan. Military Department of Visayas: Headquarters, Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay. m. Table of distances. From Catbalogan to- Manila, Luzón ......... Manila, via Sámar and Visayan seas and Verde Passage. Tacloban, Leyte, via San Juanico Strait .... Sorsogón, Luzón.... 328 395 37 ........ . 104 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The island of Sámar, third in size in the archipelago, occupies the NE. angle of the Visayan group. It is almost a continuation of the peninsula of Luzon, being separated by the strait of San Bernardino, at its narrowest point 102 m. wide; on the E. lies the Pacific Ocean; on the S. an arm of the same and San Pedro and San Pablo Bay; on the W. the strait of San Juanico, in places but } m. wide, which separates it 796 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. from Leyte, and also the Sea of Sámar, the body of water lying between the W. coast of Sámar, the N. of Leyte, and the W. of Masbate. It connects with the Pacific Ocean through San Bernardino Strait to the NE and the Mindoro Sea to the NW.; also with the Pacific Ocean on the S. through San Juanico Strait and San Pedro and San Pablo Bay.. AREA. The island is 156 m. from Balicuatro Pt. in the NW. to Sungi Pt. in the SE. and 75 m. E. and W. Area of mainland, 5,198 sq. m.; 148 dependent islands, 290 sq. m.; total, 5,488 sq. m.; 498 sq. m. larger than Connecticut, twice the size of Delaware, and over 4 times the size of Rhode Island. he Bay of W. to SE height, sca PHYSICAL FEATURES. A mountain chain of moderate height, scarcely exceeding 1,700 to 1,800 ft., traverses the island from NW. to SE., divided by the valley of the Ulut Kiv., which crosses it from the Bay of Maqueda, on the W., to its mouth near Túbig, on the E. coast. There is also in the NW. a group of mountains concentrically arranged near the Pauros Mts., which separates the W. branches of the Hibatan Riv., from those which empty to the N. between Lavezares and Mondragón. The most notable peaks of the central chain are Curao, Capotoan, Palapa, toward the N., in the vicinity of Catúbig, and Matiganao, near the Ungajon, toward the S. Mt. Nabubusog, near the town of Paranas, may be seen for a long distance, because of the whiteness of its rocks, the same being true of the Basey Mts., situated farther to the S. Near the edge of the reef off the peninsula of Guiuan are several sulphur springs, which are covered at high water. The Mobo Riv., 5 m. NNW. of Canaguaion port, is fed by a waterfall between 2 high hills of black rock. It is 100 yds. wide at its mouth, the fall being ; m. within the mouth and accessible by boat, the bar having 11 ft. at low water and 9 fms. within. The rivers of Sámar are: N. coast: Bobón; Catarman and tributaries Heratijan, Heneotion, and Tibabaan; Pambujan; Catubig and tributaries Popontan and San Vicente. E. coast: Gumay (Gamai); Oras and tributary Hivapad (Hipapad); Carolina (called Bacot, Páric, or Dolores); Ulut and tributaries Bioa, Tabacan, and Magbog; Tubig, Súlat, Borongan or Loom, Suribao, and Lanang. W. coast, N. of Catbalogan: Mauo, Canaguayon, Sambugtun; Hibatan and tribu- taries Hieiban, Himonini, Cabadiangan, and Pagsanhán; Sundara (Simdara), Magsa- hon; Gándara and tributaries San Enrique, Matuguinao, and San José W. coast, S. of Catbalogan: Calbiga, Bucalan, Silanga, Santa Elena, Cadauan or Basey, Lanaan, and Quinapundan. Of the rivers, the Orás, from the extreme N. of the central mountain range, flows toward the SE, and then to the E., emptying its waters into the bay of Tiguís, on the Pacific at the town of the same name, having traversed some 36 m.; the Suribao (Saru), rising in the same mountains, turning toward the E., and empties on the same coast, 2., m. S. of Borongan; the Ulut, which starts from the central range, ends on the E. coast; the Catubig (sometimes known as the Laguán), which has its source on the same central divide, passes through Catubig and drains into the bay of the same name; the Bató, from the N. slopes of Mts. Salto and Sangley, flows in a NE. direction and empties on the N. coast near the bay of Laguán; the Timonini, with the same source, runs parallel to the Bató. The Gándara, another important river, has its several mouths between Calbayog and Catbalogan. It is much obstructed by bars, but is navigable for launches and small gunboats. The other less important rivers are the Antiyao, Basey, Balangiga, Opong, Pagbabangunan, Calbayog, and Bac-hao Bangahón Bagajón), which, with many others, water the fertile plains and thick forests of this island. The island has 4 lakes—the Somotoc, Calbiga, Ganoy, and Sampinit-that of Calbiga being remarkable for bowlders of rock on its shores. The strait of San Juanico, which divides Sámar from Leyte on the SW., is one of the most attractive natural scenes in the archipelago. It has an average width of 4,320 ft., but narrowing to 1,500 ft. The soundings vary from 30 to 67 ft. in the middle of the chan- nel. Many little islands and shoals make this picturesque channel still narrower. The currents and the character of the coasts render navigation very difficult. In the low caves in the bluffs, along the coasts on the Sámar side of the channel, the remains of human skeletons have been found in stature much larger than those of the inhabitants of this day. Another curiosity of nature is an arch over the Basey Riv. formed by 2 limestone rocks from 34 to 40 ft. high. In front opens a portal 35 ft. in height, through which a portion of the river may be seen. In the wall on the left of an oval court 37 ft. above the water opens a cave 94 ft. deep, at one time forming a large stalactite cavern, now partially destroyed by the caving of the rocks overhead. The place is well known as the “Cuevas de Sojotón.” tractive natur3oo it. The sounals make this pro No. 1443 South Coast of Samur (v. Quinapundan S A M A R e S L A N D TREASURY EFATWT urdan River PHILIPPINE ISLANDS SOUTH COAST OF SAMAR VICINITY OF PORT GUIUAN Олар Guingapur Scale 102400 Cam Pinata with from a Spanien turvey 186 rent ad carciona r cars US undl y ren tand other source Malolob Hipudios Shoo Soundings infathome Onale Point LUCSON Cagbanlio Island Cabanisan There were should be ma d e cution the Sus Point Cablagne Point told Bebon Sapa Gigore Point, asalan la Baulid Can garand icon Pand o Borabo d A. Insule SA lotion proO* 58' 1902 Annales DOMA PHILIPPINX SLA Site THE NORRIS PETERS CO. PHOTO LITHO WASHINGTON DC US Coast and Survey Wanita Succedere Print Superintende 1902 South Coast of Samar Me. 4443 S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 797 BAYS AND HARBORS. The coasts, with a line of 412 m., are well supplied with bays and anchorages, shel- tered on the E. from the open waters of the Pacific. The following are the principal ones: Aguirre; a little port on the E. side of Timpasan I. The best anchorage in the anahauan Is., with from 7 to 10 fms. Ando; an anchorage SW. of the island of that name during the NE. monsoon. Bacayacan; on the E. coast, S. of Baba Pt. Balicuatro; on the NW. coast, formed by the point bearing that name on the W. and the point surrounded by hidden rocks, 7 m. to the E. The bay is deep, but access is dangerous on account of rocks. Bayacan; on the E. coast, 3 m. S. of Borongan. Borongan; on the E. coast, S. of San Julián, sheltered during the SW. monsoon. A bay immediately S. has 9 fms. at less than 1 m. Calbayog; on the W. coast, beyond the strait of San Julián, NE. of the island of Limbancauayan. Its anchorage is open and exposed. During the monsoons or in typhoon weather ships find shelter in the Canahauan Is. Cambutatay; on the W. coast, beyond the strait of San Juanico, NW. of Catba- logan. Canahuan; W. coast, opposite E. end of Dalumpiri I., in which vessels of all sizes can find shelter. Special attention is called to this port in case of typhoon, the channel having 14 fms. and 11 fms. in the center of Aguirre basin. Guiuan; on the S. coast. There are several bends at the end of the island, the most remarkable of which is that of Guiuan. In the direction of the WNW. there are others of less importance as far as the bay of San Pedro and San Pablo. Gumay; on the E. coast, between the points of Lila on the N. and Alibangbang on the S. Janabatás; channel, the N. part of San Juanico Strait, 8 m. long to Santa Rita I., 3 m. wide within its W. entrance, less than 1 m. at that entrance. Ipil; on the E. coast, formed by Pts. Casangayan on the N. and Tambadon on the S. Libucandacó; on the N. side of island, with 12 fms. and well sheltered from the SW. gales, called “collas." Laguán; situated on the N. coast, between Libás Pt. and the W. coast of the island of Laguán. It offers good anchorage in 67 fms., but exposed to the NW. and W. Jaguin; on the W. coast, beyond the strait of San Juanico, toward the N., opens E. of the S. end of the island of Daram. Maqueda; on the W. coast, immediately SE. of Catbalogan, sheltered by Majaba and Buad Is. The former offers sheltered anchorage on the E. side in 6 fms. Villareal joins it on the S. Palápag; between Laguán, Bátac, and Cahayagan Is., off the N. coast of Sámar, 1 m. wide, sheltered from all winds, with from 5 to 10 fms., and one of the best in the archipelago. Pambujan; a splendid bay on the E. coast, between points Bura and Matarinao, with a deer, clear entrance and an interior channel called Tangbad, protected from all winds. Panasan; on this island is a fine landlocked harbor with sufficient water for gun- boats of considerable draft. It is the harbor of refuge for vessels off Catbalogan dur- ing heavy monsoon weather. Puerto de Galeras; a sheltered bay in the N. of Capul I., convenient for vessels navigating San Bernardino Strait. San Juanico; a narrow strait which separates Samar and Leyte, contains a num- ber of small islets. San Julián; on the E. coast, near the S. of Súlat. San Pedro y San Pablo; bay, part of which is in Sámar, between Inapusan Pt., in Leyte, and Alabat, in Sámar. It is the S. terminus of San Juanico Strait and has an area of about 12 m. An anchorage is on the E. side of the bay. Santa Rita; the strait at the N. entrance of the strait of San Juanico. Súa; on the SW. coast, off Daram I. Súlat; on the E. coast, 6 m. from Ipil. Tinagutmán; on the N. coast, 2 m. from the river Mobo. Villareal; on the W. coast, sheltered by the islands of Majaba, Buad, and Lin- tancán. LIGHT-HOUSES. The following are the lights of San Bernardino channel: Calbáyog; W. coast of Sámar, at the N. end of the town of Calbayog, 1 red flash light set on a tripod. 798 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Capul I.; on the N. point, 165 yds. from extremity, lat. 12° 29' 15" N., lon. 124° 8' N.; 1 flash light with a group of 3, flashed every 30 seconds; 143 ft. above the sea, on a truncated conical tower of gray stone; upper part and lantern white; 49 ft. high, visible 21 m. Catbalogan; W. coast of Sámar, at the town of Catbalogan, on the army head- quarters' building; 1 flash light, red. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are few roads in the island, nearly all the villages lying along the banks of the main streams navigable for native boats. By this means traveling or traffic are brought to the coast, and thence by native craft or steamer to destination. POPULATION AND TOWNS. in themselve Visay a name repres The population of the island is 185,386, about the number of Delaware, more than Arizona or Idaho, and 5 times that of Nevada. An estimate gives 10,000 native refugees living in the mountains, practically independent, and almost savage in their manners and customs, making a total of 195,386 (census of 1887, 185,094). The inhab- itants are wholly of Visayan stock, there being no material infusion of other blood. Although in numbers not so great as on the neighboring islands, these people have always held themselves better in hand against the encroachments of Spain. Of the 2 dominant races, the Visayans number almost 2 to 1 of the Tagalogs. They occupy the islands which bear their name, and have shown themselves less given to politics and more to industry. They also represent in the fullest sense the characteristics of their Malay origin. From the earliest occupation of these islands, they have kept themselves in touch with their progenitors of the islands of Oceania by means of expeditions in pursuit of plunder or peaceful traffic. The following is the division of Sámar into pueblos and their respective population according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census, 1887. Province and pueblos. Men, Women. Total. 1,973 6,050 2,083 Sámar: Balangige. Basey.. Bobón.... Borongan. Calbayog .. Calbiga. Capul... Catarman Catbalogan. Catubig ... Gándara. Guiuan.... Hernani... Hiabong.. La Granja. Lanang....... Laoang... Lavezares.. Mercedes Mondragón. Oquendo ......... Orás ........... Palápag ....... Pambujan. Paranas ........ Páric Pinabágdao .. Quinapundan. Salcedo.... San Julián. San Sebastián .. Santa Rita..... Súlat.. Tarangnân.. Villareal... Zumáarraga. 11, 120 1, 742 1,748 3,650 3, 386 4,691 4,713 5,627 1,511 1,158 1, 729 1, 495 3,891 1, 807 803 627 1,697 2,533 2,039 6,066 1,928 5,149 9,364 1, 406 1, 631 3, 107 3, 224 4,670 4.315 4, 956 1,629 917 1,518 1,539 3,421 1,540 649 595 1, 401 2,538 1, 545 2,598 2, 726 1,277 460 802 1, 686 1, 471 936 1,022 2,332 1,220 2, 637 2, 666 89, 045 4, 012 12,116 4,011 9, 769 20, 484 3, 148 3, 379 6,757 6,610 9, 361 9, 028 10,583 3, 140 2, 075 3, 247 3,034 7, 315 3,347 1, 452 1, 222 3,098 5,071 3,468 5, 396 5,879 2,592 1,114 1,703 3,467 2,955 1, 900 2, 337 1, 923 2, 798 3,153 1, 315 654 901 1,781 1, 484 964 1, 315 4, 644 2,065 Tubig... 2,312 2,261 1,076 2, 659 2, 799 4, 326 2, 296 5, 293 5, 465 Total 96,019 185,094 Estimated, 1901, 195,386. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 799 soons. Mao pposite town car mouth of ripop., 9,448. anut plantat There are 32 towns and upward of 300 villages. The following are the chief towns, in which there is some admixture of Spanish blood, and the Spanish is the language of the better class: Catbalogan; the capital of Sámar, open to coasting trade, on the shore of a small bay at the mouth of a river of the same name, with 6 ft. on the bar. The anchorage is unsafe during the monsoon weather, Parasan I. Bay, 10 m. W., being the refuge for vessels. It has a large trade with Manila in hemp and cocoanut oil. It is well protected by a number of islands of considerable size, that of Daram being the larg- est. A peak 1,483 ft. high rises to the SW. Pop., 6,459. Abac; chief town of the island of Capul; copper found in the vicinity. Pop. 6,834. Balangiga; about the center of the S. coast of Sámar, on a bight to the E. of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, at the mouth of Púray Riv., 55 m. SE. by S. of Catba- logan. The country inland is extremely rugged and traversed by numerous streams, the Catiao and Hiptolos Rivs. entering the Pacific Ocean on the E. and the Taguiti and Lauaan on the W. Within a radius of 19 m. are the towns of Salcedo and Quina- pundan, besides a number of villages, mainly on the coast. Within the same limits are no less than 28 mapped mountain summits, of which 10 are craters of extinct volcanoes, and besides the rivers named, are the headwaters of the Lanang, Tonquip, and Naúbay Rivs, which empty into the Pacific Ocean on the opposite side of the island toward the NW. The town is 28 m. E. of the entrance to San Juanico Strait, and but 30 m. E. of Tacloban, the capital of Leyte. Pop., 5,000. Basey; on S. shore, 4 m. E. of entrance to San Juanico Strait, on 1. bank of W. outlet of Basey or Bangui Riv., 35 m. SSE. of Catbalogan, and 26 m. WNW. of Balangiga. Pop., 13,336. Bobón; at mouth of a river on E. side of bight on N. coast, S. of Cabauan Grande I., 57 m. NNW. of Catbalogan. Borongan; on E. coast, on bay about 1 m. wide at mouth of Burumhan Riv., 36 m. E. of Catbalogan. There are extensive cocoanut plantations for the manu- facture of cocoanut oil in this vicinity. Pop., 9,448. Calbayog; in a bend near mouth of river of that name, 29 m. NW. of Catbalogan. Anchorage opposite town has 3 to 4 fms.; it is not safe, however, during SW. mon- soons. Manila steamers touch at this point. A red light is shown from here. Pop., 30,250. Calbiga; on the W. coast, on the l. bank of an important river about 6 m. above its entrance to the sea, on the line of boundary between Maqueda and Villareal bays, 11 m. SE. of Catbalogan. It is necessary to carry stores 10 or 15 m. in ships or native boats, owing to the bars at the mouth of the river. Steamers of 75 tons anchor 4 m. off. Pop., 4, 292. Capul; pueblo on San Bernardino Strait. Pop., Cn. 1887, 3,379. Catarman; at the mouth of a river entering the sea on the N. coast, opposite the island of Hibapsan, 55 m. NNE. of Catbalogan, with an aggregate population of 10,482. Catubig; on the l. bank of one of the great rivers entering on the N. coast, oppo- site Laguán I., 9 m. inland and 48 m. N. of Catbalogan. Pop., 9,565. Gándara; on the l. bank of the Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., 10 m, inland, at the junction of one of its E. tributaries, 15 m. N. of Catbalogan. Pop., 15,563. In 1900 it was almost wholly destroyed during an engagement with insurrectos. Previously it was the seat of an important river trade. Guiuan; on W. side of extreme SE. peninsula, opposite Maricani I., 78 m. SE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 11,311. Hernani; SE. coast, 53 m. SE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 2,555. Hiabong; on W coast, N. shore of Maqueda Bay, at mouth of a river, 54 m. E. of Catbalogan. Pop., 3,579. La Granja; on W. coast, 4 m. S. of Balicuatro, extreme NW. point of Sámar, 69 m. NW. of Catbalogan. Pop., 3,413. Laguán; on SW. shore of island of that name, E. of Pambujan on mainland, and opposite mouth of Catúbig Riv., 57 m. N. of Catbalogan. Pop., 8,800. Also several villages. Lanang; E. coast, at mouth of river of same name, 46 m. ESE. of Catbalogan. There are cocoanut plantations in vicinity for manufacture of cocoanut oil. Pop., 4,779. Lavezares; on the S. shore of the deep bay SE. of Balicuatro Pt., 36 m. NW. of Catbalogan. Pop., 3,480. Mercedes; in the extreme SE. peninsula, about midway between the E. and W. coast, 73 m. SE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 3,068. Mondragón; on the N. coast, about the center, SE. of Hibapsan I., 55 m. N. by W. of Catbalogan. Pop., 1,556. Oquendo; in the NW., at the headwaters of a tributary of the Pagsanhán Riv., 38 m. NNW. of Catbalogan. Pop., 5,200. 800 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. of the mouth of the base, with rounde their dead in the rock Orás; on the S. coast, N. shore of the bay and river of that name, 45 m. NE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 5,667. Palápag; the most N. town on the mainland, NE. shore, opposite Batac I., 58 m. N. by E. of Catbalogan. Pop., 5,802. Pambujan; at the mouth of a river on the N. coast, opposite Libás I., 57 m. N. of Catbalogan. Pop., 7,423. Pansiguican; on the Sámar side of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, about 6 m. E. of the mouth of the Basey River. Between this town and Basiao stand rocks 92 ft. high, worn at the base, with rounded, wood-covered summits like gigantic mush- rooms. The natives formerly buried their dead in the rocky caverns of this island. Paranas; on the coast at the mouth of a river on the NE. shore of Maqueda Bay, 10 m. E. of Catbalogan. Pop., 7,366. Páric, or Dolores; on the E. coast, at the outlet of the Bacot River, 46 m. ENE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 3,649. Pinabágdao; at the mouth of a river on the E. shore of Villareal Bay, 11 m. SSE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 1,975. Quinapundan; on the l. bank of a river in the SE. peninsula, 4 m. inland from the S. coast and 60 m. SE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 2,000. Salcedo; on the W. coast of the SE. peninsula, on the shore of a deep bay, 67 m. SE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 4,470. San Julián; on the E. coast, on the S. shore of a bay, 38 m. E. of Catbalogan. Pop., 3,616. San Sebastián; on the W. coast, at the mouth of a river entering Maqueda Bay, 9 m. ESE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 839. Santa Margarita; on the W. coast, on a small bay opposite Tangad I., 21 m. NE. of Cotbalogan. Santa Rita; on the S. shore, opposite the island of the same name in Janabatas channel, 22 m. s. by E. of Catbalogan. Pop., 4,394. Santo Niño; on the NE. shore of Limbacauayan I., off the W. coast, 32 m. WNW. of Catbalogan. Pop., 4,918. Súlat; on the E. coast, S. shore of a bay, 40 m. ENE. of Catbalogan. Pop., 4,615. Tarangnán; on the W. coast, on the shore of a small bay, 7 m. N. of Catbalogan. Pop., 3,950. Tubig; on the E. shore, at the mouth of the Ubasan Riv., 40 m. ENE. of Catba- logan. Pop., 3,378. Villareal; on the SW. shore of the bay of that name, fronted by Lamingao I., 13 m. S. by E. of Catbalogan. Pop., 6,091. Weyler; on the W. coast, between the Pagsanhán and Sambugtún Rivs., 41 m. NW. of Catbalogan. Zumárraga; on the W. coast, 9 m. from Catbalogan. Pop., Cn. 1887, 5,465. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. - Dinsaa ....... The coasts of Samar are bordered by a large number of islands, as follows: sq.m. Alnyan; NE. coast, in a small bay N. of Binugayan Pt.... Anájao; SE. coast, in the bay S. of Hernani..... 6 islands in the same bay to the S........ Ando, or Andis; E. coast, moderately high at the entrance to the bay of Borongan. Aporoo; S. coast, in the W. waters of the bight W. of Balangiga... Bacán; N. coast, 4 m. E. of Port Palápag, separated from the mainland by a channel 1,500 ft. wide Balading-Dacó; one of the Cana hauan Is., W. coast.... Balicuatro; the central and westernmost of the islands of that group, 4. m. NE. of Balicuatro Pt. - on the NW. coast between Pt. Balicuatro and Bobón, 5 m. NÈ. of the former; they form 2 groups, that of Birí on the NW., composed of 4 islands, and Cabauan Grande on the E., of 5 islands. Island of this group lies inshore E. of Balicuatro Pt. with an area of.... Balinalio; SW. coast, in entrance to Salcedo Bay..... Banján; E. coast, 7 m. off Páric ... Barín; N. coast, the westernmost of the Balicuatro Is., m. off the SW. coast of Birí. Bascal; off the W. coast, in the SW. entrance to the channel between Daram I. and the main- land; several smaller islands lie around..... Bátac; the most N. and largest off the N. coast, forming the E. shore of Palápag port, 54 m. N. and S. and 4 m. E. and W. The village of Mahinog is on the W. shore. A small island lies off the village ..........: Batgongón; off the W. coast, N. of the Canahauan Is., with 71 fms. around it .. Baujan; E. coast and most N. of 3 islands, 9 m. off the mouth of Orás Riv. Baul; a small island off the S. coast, nearly adjoining Manicani I Binabasalan; off the S. coast, near Manicani I... Binarayan; NE, coast, off Alibangbang Pt ...... Birí, or Virí; off the NW. coast; largest of the Balicuatro group, 7 m. NNE. of the point of that name, 6 m. from NW. to SE. and 3 m. from NE. to SW. Village of Birí or Virí lies on the SE. and Enriqueta on the SW. shore. A detached rock lies to the N. im. Depth of the surround- ing channels is 7 to 30 fms..... . ............ .. 14 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 801 sq.m. Bolɔang; W. coast; one of 4 islands of the Canahauan Is., 8 m. W. by S. of Tarangnán and off the delta of the Bac-hao Bangahón....... Botic; off the SW. coast, in the bay of Salcedo ........ Buad; off the W. coast, in the sea of Samar; is 7 m. N. and S. and 5 m. E. and W. Has a peak 1,150 ft. high. A sheltered port on the S. side has 4 fms. A channel between it and the mainland with Buad channel, is narrow and only used by coasters between Biliran and Catbalogan; it is separated from Daram I. on the SW. by Zumárraga channel; Tinaogan on NW. point, Tubigón on a bay on E., and Masalunos on SE. are the chief villages.... Buri; W. coast, 3 m. SW. of Catbalogan, separated from mainland by a channel less than 1 fm.: it has 2 anchorages, one to E., the other to W.. Cabalarian; an island W. of Manicani..... Cabantiguianes; 6 islands off the W. coast, stretching SE. of Timpasan I. Cabauan Grande; islands, the E. of the Balicuatro group, consisting of Cabauan Grande, Ugamut, and 2 inshore islands. Cabauan Grande, or Cabacugan; the E. of the Balicuatro Is., low and wooded; anchorage between it and the mainland is completely sheltered, but the approaches are known only to local pilots. It is 5 m. NW. to SE. and 2 m. NE. to SW.... Cagduyan; W. coast, N. of Buri I., 4 m. NW. of Catbalogan...... Cahayagan; on the N. coast, forming the W. shore of Port Palápag, 2 by 2, m... Cajoogan; N. coast, 7 m. NNE. of Mondragón... Calapán; in the opening of a small bay in the Laguán side of the channel, between that island and Bátac........ Camámot; W. coast, off the NE. shore of Tungad ...... Cambasingan; island w. of Manicani ...... Camoropudon; N. of Pt. Alabat......... Canabayon; NE. coast, inshore, 7 m. S. of Sila Pt ........ Canahauan; a group of 9 islands in the form of an ellipse, 4 m, long and 2, m, in width, off the W. coast in sea of Sámar, opposite S. end of Dalupiri I.; islands lie 14 m. from Catbalogan and 17 m. from Calbayog, both towns being on an open coast. Aguirre port, about the center of the ellipse, offers a refuge for both towns protected against all monsoons. Cana hauan-Dach, W. coast, offers shelter from all winds in depths from 15 to 20 fms.; passages between islands are safe; summit of Canahauan-Dacó is 446 ft. high, Timpasan 489, and other islands 245 ft.; island is planted with abaca.......... Cana hauan-Dacó; one of the Canahauan Is., W. coast.. Cana hauan-Gutiay; one of the Canahauan Is., W. coast..... Candolú; 1 m, off extreme SE. point of Samar Surīgi Pt. on its S. coast is landmark of channel between mainland and Jomonjol I. to SW. Village of Salangan is on W. shore.. Caninoan; S. coast, an island off the N. of Manicani I... Capocpocanan; SE. coast, in bay S. of Hernani........ Capul; W. coast, at entrance to San Bernardino Strait, 8 m. N. and S., 3. m. E. and W.; light-house stands on its N. end; it has 2 high peaks, southernmost in vicinity of Abac, 794 ft. high; town of Capul has population of 3,379; in N. part of island is sheltered bay of Puerto de Galeras; copper is found in the mountains ..... Catalaban; E. coast, 2 m, NE. of Súlat..... Curo Caoayan; W shore, cluster of 4 islands off SW. shore of Libucan-Dacó....... Dalupiri, or Puercos, or Hog; NW. coast, 3 m. off mouth of Mano Riy., 8 m. N. and S. and 2 m. E. and W. It is low, covered with trees and has central cone 502 ft. high. Dalupiri yillage is on the N. and Pilar on the S. points; game is abundant; in center of island is lake abounding in crocodiles.... Damita; W. coast, 7 m. NW. of Calbayog. Darajuai; on the W. coast, opposite Catbalogan and forming shelter for its anchorage. Daram; the largest of the islands bordering Sámar, on W. coast, W. of Parasan and Buad, being 15 m. N. and S. and 54 m. E. and W. at S. end; it extends irregularly from N. to S., forming 2 pen- insulas of almost equal size; Baclayon is on its extreme W. point, and along the shore are few other villages and hamlets; it has peak 1,480 ft. high at S. end of island, which forms landmark to sailors leaving Janabatás and entering Daram channel ..... Dibinubo; E. coast, at entrance to Borongan Bay, 31 m. SE. of that town; smaller island lies inshore .... Dio; an island in San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 24 m. SW. of Cataisan Pt, and 1 m. from nearest coast ............. .* Enobughan; N. coast, in channel between Laguán and the mainland... Fulín; E. coast, 73 m. E. by S. of Paric.... Guimanoc. (See Hinamoc.) Guiuan; SE. pen. A group of 8 islands NW. of town of that name, 12 m. NW. of Sungi Pt...... Hibapsán; N. coast, s. of Tabones group, 4 m. ENE. of Catarman... Higunun; NE. coast, 3 m, SE. of Sila Pt..... Hilaban; E. coast, in front of bay of Orás, 2 m. S. by E. of Binugayan.. Hinamoc; S. coast, on the Sámar side of entrance to San Juanico Strait, off town of Basey and delta of Buqui (Basey) Riy.... Isoc; E. coast, s. of Najibil Pt. and N. of Dibinubo Pt...... Janabatás; in this channel are a number of islets, shoals, and rocks. Janabón; in middle of bay in central Janabatás.channel...... Jimanioc; S. of mouth of Basey Riv., of moderate height.. Laguán, or Lavan, or Calamutanay; off N. coast, separated by a narrow channel which commu- nicates with Port Palápag: town stands on SW. shore; small island lies off E. shore. It is 7 m. NW. to SE., and 3 m. E. to W. at S.; town of Laguán is on its SW. shore, opposite Pambujan; villages of Napoticoan and Motongbotong are on an inlet on N. and Catomotan on SE. shore.. 14 Lalauigan; SE. coast, in bay S. of Hernani... Lamingao; W. coast, in Villareal Bay, E. of Lintancán I.; 5 islands lie to the S. in Villareal Bay. Lanaan; S. coast, in bay and at mouth of river of same name...... Layalaya; W. coast, 2 small islands united by a reef, dry at low water, 1 m. SE. of largest of Libu- can Is....... Libás; 2 islands off N. coast, opposite Pambujan and W. of Laguán I... Libucan group; W. coast, 3 islands and several islets W. of the N. point of Libucan-Dacó I...... Libucan-Dacó; W. coast, in sea of Sámar. A group of 3 islands and several islets, 5 m. off W. coast. It has a good anchorage in bay... .. 15 30 ...... S. Doc. 280—-51 802 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 10 1 so sq.m. Limbacauayan; W. coast, E. of Mesa I., 2 m. N. and S. and 52 m. E. and W.; has a central cone 1,590 ft. high; chief town of Santo Niño has a population of 5,640; there is a village on the opposite coast.. Línao; E. coast, 7 m. off Páric ...... Lintancán; W. coast, S. of the bay of Maqueda, in the N. part of the entrance to the strait formed by the island of Daram; it has a few villages on its coast..... Macatí; E. coast, 3 m. SE. of Túbig...... Mahaba; W. coast, off the NE. shore of Buad I., opposite Catbalogan, and offering shelter for its anchorage ........... Malhón, or Jomonjol, or Homonhón; crescent-shaped, 10 m. NW. to SE. and 3 m. NE. to SW, 11 m. SW. of the extreme SE. point of Sámar, in mid-channel between it and the N. point of Diná- gat I.; has high mountains.. Manicani: 5 m. SW.of Guiuan, 3 m. in diameter with a central hill of moderate height: channel 2, m. wide between this and the coast is from 11 to 20 fms. deep; vessels of all sizes can find anchorage in this channel under the shelter of Baúl and Binabasalan Is.; village of Buena- vista is on the E. point; 2. m. N. and S. and 3 m. E. and w... Mantoconan; 2 m. off the W. coast of Malhón I ..... Masisingi; SE. coast, S. of Hernani....... Mesa, or Talagit; off the W. coast, in the sea of Sámar, SE. of Tagapula; has a peak 1,791 ft. high. Minanut; E. coast, off the town and mouth of the Lanang Riy... Minasangan; E. coast, S. of the mouth of the Suribao Riy .......... Naburaoburao; E. coast, between the mouths of the Suribao and Lanang Rivs.; an island of the same size lies to the S.... Nanuntugan; NE. coast, 6 m. S. of Sila Pt...... Palihan; N. coast, the most N. of the Tabones group, 5 m. E. of Catarman. Palos; S. coast, in San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 24 m. S. of Dio. Panabolon; S. coast, in San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 4 m. E. of Dio....... Parasan; W. coast, in the sea of Sámar, 3 m. from N. to S., 2. m. E. and W.; village of Parasan is on the S. shore; it lies about 10 m. W. of Catbalogan and has a landlocked harbor which is the anchorage of refuge for vessels off Catbalogan during the monsoons..... Pasig: E. coast, 5 m. SE. of Páric..... Punubulu; on the Sámar side of approach to San Juanico Strait, 54 m. SE. of Basey; smaller island lies W....... Quinaligan; most S. of Balicuatro group. Village of Barobaybay is on NW. shore. Depth in vicinity ranges from 5 to 15 fms...... Ratón; SW. coast, S. of Guiuan and NW. of Sungi Pt.... San Juanico; in narrow strait of that name which connects San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, an arm of the Pacific, and the sea of Sámar through Janabatás channel, are a number of islets and rocks............................................................................................. Santa Rita; between Janabatás channel and San Juanico Strait; from this island strait runs N. and S., and has an average width of about 4,300 ft., reducing to 1,500, and carries a depth from 5 to 10 fms.; it has a large number of islands, islets, and rocks ...... Sulúan, or Buena Sual; an outlying island 13 m. off SE. point of Samar; it is surrounded by 5 small islands; it is very conspicuous to navigators passing between SE. point of Sámar and Malhón I. into San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, in San Juanico Strait....... Tabones; group off center of N. coast, Palihan I. being most N., and Hibapsán most S., lying 4 m. off Catarman. Tabualla; on the W. coast, above the rounded point which terminates the narrow entrance of the Janabatás channel on the N. side. Talagit, or Mesa; W. coast, 19 m. off Hibatan, at the mouth of the Pagsanhán Riv.; peak 327 ft. high rises on the N. and another 546 ft. on the S.; its highest point is 1,791 ft.; small bay on the SW. coast affords anchorage .... Tanabaay; in the bay between Janabatás channel and San Juanico Strait. Tanabón; W. coast, in Janabatás channel, SE. of Tabualla and Tanabaay I. Tangad-Libucan; W. coast, the most N. of the islands off the delta of the Bac-hao Bangahón, 1 m. NW. of Libucan-Dacó. To the SW. are the islands of Maraquit-Daquitand SE. the Layalaya Is. Timpasan; one of the Cana hauan Is., off the W. coast, 489 ft. high. Aguirre, a little port on the E. side, offers fine anchorage....... Tinaguman; 2 m. from the Mobo Rıy. Tomasa, or Guinbacan; W. coast, 2 islands about the center of the channel between Camandag, Limbac, Auayan, and Talit Is.... Tubalot; in the channel between Hilaban I. and the mainland, 10 m. E. of the mouth of Orás Riv. Tubaban; E. coast, off Binugayan Pt. and fronting Orás Bay .. Tubabao; SW. coast, 1 m. off shore, between Manicani and the mainland, 2 m. NW. to SE. and 13 m. NE, to SW .... Tungad; W. coast, off the NE. point of Timpasan I., 74 m. off the delta of the Bac-hao Bangahón; 2 small islands lie to the NW .... Ugamut; off the NW. shore, the central of the Cabauan Grande group. Viri. (See Birí.) a 148 dependent islands, total area... 290 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The climate and soil of Sámar are adapted to the production of all the staple crops of the archipelago. In 1899 the hemp product for shipment amounted to upward of 21,000,000 lbs. The output of sugar, rice, and cocoanut was enormous. Coffee, chocolate, tobacco, wheat, corn, and other agricultural products of less importance are grown in abundance. There is an extensive pastoral industry in the raising of horses, cattle, carabaos, goats, and hogs. A product of this island, and one which may prove of benefit to the human family, is the seed called "isigud,” or the fruit of San Ignacio, known to commerce as "Catbalogan seed," on account of the large quantities grown in the vicinity of that town. It has large value in trade with the Chinese, who use it as an efficacious remedy for cholera. It is claimed that no one has ever died from that cause who used this remedy. In addition there are other plants of known medicinal properties which grow on the island. the vicinity once as a Catbaleseed called sland, and one si rich GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 803 The following represents the statistics of hemp receipts at the port of Manila from Sámar, 1850-1899: [From the report of the Manila Chamber of Commerce.] [Piculs. 1 picul=137.9 lbs.] 1850. 7,888 | 1863. 14,150 | 1876... 37,535 1889. 140, 187 1851. 10, 250 1864. 14, 875 1877. 49, 805 1890. .. 146, 375 1852. 12.458 1865. 12, 230 1878.. 45, 929 1891.. 198, 075 12,565 1866. 17,079 1879... 71, 924 1892.. 196, 635 1854... 21,540 1867.. 17,510 1880..... 62, 2761893.. 202, 952 1855..... 19, 480 1868.... 19, 106 1881... ... 67. 427 1894.. 201, 432 29, 343 1869.... 22, 742 58, 701 1895.. 180, 977 1857...... 27, 230 1870 33, 284 1883..... 76, 311 1896... 161, 520 1858..... 23, 862 1871. 1884. 69, 619 1897... 175, 062 1859. 20, 496 1872. 29, 518 1885. .79, 663 1898. 131, 451 1860.. 22,003 1873. 39, 129 1886. 73, 143 1899. 148, 988 1861.. 14,414 1874. 28, 161 1887. 118, 845 19, 845 | 1875.... 22,543 1888............ 134, 096 1853.. 1856...... 1862...... The figures represent the commercial movement and not the home consumption of hemp. MINERALS. Coal, cinnabar, and gold are reported to exist in quantities of commercial value, but owing to the hostility of the natives in the interior nothing has been done in the way of scientific inquiry to establish their possibilities. In the mountains of Capul copper in an almost pure state is found, but to what extent is not known. FORESTS. The most valuable woods of the archipelago cover the mountains, especially use- ful for cabinet work and shipbuilding. The bamboo and rattan thrive. Wax and honey are gathered in large quantities. FRUITS. Wild fruits grow in variety and abundance, among them the pineapple, sapote, mangosteen, banana, orange, lemon, etc. INDUSTRIES. The mechanical industries of the island are devoted almost entirely to production for home consumption. There is a large manufacture of sugar, and many of the inhabitants are engaged in extracting oil from the cocoanut, particularly in the vicin- ity of Guiuan. The coastwise trade is also extensive. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The occupation of Sámar was included in the military movements which led to the establishment of general jurisdiction over the archipelago and the occupation of strategic points. On February 15, 1902, Sámar was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Balangiga. Caranian. La Granja. Pagsanján. Station 2. Barayong Catbalogan. $ a Lanang. Paranas. Station 3 Basey. Catubig. Mano. Quinapuzdan. Súlat. Blanca Aurora. Catarman. Mutiong. Quintigán. Tarangnán. Bobón. Cervantes. Orás. Salcedo. Torres Is. Borongan. Erenas. Palanit. San José. Villareal. Calbáyog. a Guiuan. Palápag. San Juanico. Calbiga. Hiabong. Pambujan N. Santa Rita. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Sámar was created under the provisions of the provisional govern- ment act, by enactment of the P. C., June 17, 1902, to embrace that territory in the island of Sámar and adjacent islands not included in any other province, to be known as the “province of Sámar." a Telegraph. • Telephone. $P. o. and m. o. 804 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor.... $2,500 Additional salary for expenses 500 Secretary 1,200 Treasurer.... 1,500 Supervisor ... 1, 200 Fiscal ....... 1, 200 Allowance for necessary and traveling expenses not exceeding $2 per day, as pre- scribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet on the first Monday of April and October to consider improvements needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. SÁMAR (sah'-mahr), ver.; river in Bataan, Luzón, flowing to NE. and emptying into bay of Manila. -- island off Ambos Camarines Norte), Luzón. SAMÁYAO (sah-mah'-yah-oh), nat.; branch of Malisbug Riv., Negros Occidental. SAMBABÚAS (sahm-bah-boo-ahs), ver.; islet W. of Maripipi I. and E. of S. point of Masbate, Visayas, and NW. of Biliran, off NW. coast of Leyte. SAMBASUMBÁ (sahm-bah-soom-bah'), nat.; islet off SE. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. SAMBAT (sah m-baht'), Tag.; hamlet in pueblo of Taal, Batangas, Luzón. SAMBATON (sahm-bah-tohn'), ver.; point in S. Mindanao. SAMBLAYA (sahm-blah'-yah), nat.; point at ex- treme NW. end of Mala I., in SW. part of Sor- sogon port, Sorsogón, Luzón. SAMBOAN (sa hm-boh'-ahn), ver.; pueblo on SW. coast of Cebú, on Tañón Strait, 31 m. SW. of Cebú. Pop., 10,422. SAMBOL (sahm-ball'), ver.: hamlet in SW. Pam- panga, Luzón, 7 m. E. of Bacolor. SAMBRAN (sahm -bran), nat.; village at mouth of Laghbun Riv., on r. bank of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Minda- nao. Bito lies opposite on main stream. SAMBUGTUR (sa hm-boog-toor'), ver.; river which receives drainage of small range of mountains and empties into sea at Cagmipis, on W. coast of Sámar. SAMBULAUAN (sam-boo-lah-wahn), nat.; port and point on S. side of opening of Matúbug Bay, on W. shore of Illana Bay, on S. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao. (See chart, p. 805.) -- mountain inland on N. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao, forming a bearing for Port Pisan. -creek emptying on W. shore of Cotabato, Mindanao. N. of Panalisan Pt. SAMOA (sah-moh'-ah), Tag.; hamlet in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 13 m. N. of San Isidro. SAMOA (sah-moh'-ah); group of 4 larger islands and il islets, also known as Navigator, in S. Pacific Ocean, trending from W. by N. to E. by S., between lat. 13° 28' S. and 14° 23' S., lon. 169022' W. and 1720 48' 30" W.; 2,160 naut. m. ENE. of Brisbane, extreme E. coast of Australia. The 6 larger islands in order of geographical position and size are: sq.m. Savaii, on NW., 48 m. by 29 stat.m... Upolu, W. central island. 44 by 14 stat. m. 162 Tutuila (U.S.), E. central, 18 by 7 stat. m. 63 Manua (U. S.): Ufoo, 4 by 13 stat. m..... Tau-manua, 6 m. by 5 stat. m.. SAMOA-Continued. The group occupies the NE. point of a triangle consisting of the Friendly Is., nearest point 250 m. S. by W., or 420 m. to Tongatabu, their port, and 540 naut. m. to Levuka, sw. port of Fiji Is. It is southeasternmost of 9 groups be- tween Samoa and Guam (United States), also of the Micronesian chain, 3,097 m. to NW., and in direct line of mail steamers between Australia and United States-to Sydney 2,354 m. and to San Francisco 4,160 m. Also on steamship route between New Zealand and Hawaii-to Wellington, New Zealand, 1,908 m., and to Honolulu 2,263 m.; also to Yokoha- ma, Japan, 4,072 m.; to Guam 3,097 m.; to Panama 5,739 m., and to Brito, Nicaragua, 5,320 m. Íslands are surrounded by barrier reefs acting as breakwaters. Best harbors are Apia, on Upolu I. (British), and Pago-pago, Tutuila (United States). Climate is hot but healthful. Islands are visited by disastrous hurricanes. Harbors otherwise are good, Pago-pago, on American island of Tutuila, being best. Inhabitants are of better type of Polynesian stock and Christians. Main is- lands are high and well wooded, central summit of Savaii rising to 5,400 ft., with an- other summit to SW. 3,500 ft. high. Soil is fertile and raises abundance of cocoanuts, which are converted into copra, chief article of export; also coffee, arrowroot, ginger, cas- tor bean, cotton for home weaving, and veg. etables and fruits for home consumption. (See Tutuila.) The political authority in group is exercised conjointly by United States, Germany, and Great Britain. Under convention between United States, Germany, and Great Britain to adjust amicably questions between the three Governments in respect to Samoan group of islands, signed December 2, 1899; ratification advised by Senate January 16, 1900; ratified by President February 13, 1900; ratifications exchanged February 16, 1900; proclaimed February 16, 1900, it was agreed- ARTICLE I. The General Act concluded and signed by the aforesaid Powers at Berlin on the 14th day of June, A. D. 1889, and all previous treaties, conventions and agreements relating to Samoa, are annulled. ARTICLE II. Germany renounces in favor of the United States of America all her rights and claims over and in respect to the Island of Tutuila and all other islands of the Samoan group east of Longitude 171° west of Greenwich. Great Britain in like manner renounces in favor of the United States of America all her rights and claims over and in respect to the Island of Tutuila and all other islands of the Samoan group east of Longitude 171° west of Greenwich. Total land area .. 966 The islets which surround the mainland would not increase this figure materially. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 805 W Tikala I Tittle Tilcala I MALABUG BAY Dinas Sagayaran I lan M.Sconbulumu Submerged reef HARIAN Set VARIATION ../14 L. (1900) NEARLY............STATIONARY Pisan Pt VO 82 Gasakan Pt 433 Mt.Bakayauan Rios Rock (Takut Masila wcb SOUTI COAST ILLANA BAY PORT SAMBULAUAN Mt. Sambulauan, Lat.7°3400'N-Long 123'15 (36 E. Nantical Miles 806 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SAMOA-Continued. SAN ALFONSO; town on E. coast of Mindanao, Reciprocally, the United States of America near extreme S. end of SE. peninsula and 521 renouncea in favor of Germany all their rights m. SE. of Davao. and claims over and in respect to the Islands SAN ANDRÉS (sahn ahn-drays'), Sp.; chain of of Upolu and Savaii and all other Islands of islets stretching 1 m. W. of NW. point of Ma- the Samoan group west of Longitude 171° rinduque I., off SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzon. west of Greenwich. - hamlet in Abra, Luzón, 12 m. SE. of Ban- ARTICLE III. gued. - point at extreme N. limit of Marinduque, It is understood and agreed that each of the off SW. coast Tayabas, Luzon. Very moun- three signatory Powers shall continue to en- tainous and steep. joy, in respect to their commerce and com- - hamlet on W. coast of Sámar, 3 m. SW. of mercial vessels, in all the islands of the Sa- Villareal. moan group privileges and conditions equal to those enjoyed by the sovereign Power, in - islet on NW. of Marinduque, off sw. all ports which may be open to the commerce coast of Tayabas, Luzon, on S. of opening to of either of them. small bay. SAMÓN (sah-mawn'). ver.; hamlet in Nueva - islet, and one of Naranjos grp., S. of ex- treme SE. of Luzon, off S. extreme of Ticao, Ecija, Luzón, on Canabatuan Riv. and W. of lower part of Capul I. SAMOYAN (sah-moh'-yahn), nat.; river entering -- bay on NW. coast of Marinduque, off sw. SE. arm Barrera port, NE. coast Masbate, Vi- coast of Tayabas, Luzón, between Antagta- sayas. can and Pamunlangan Pts. (See Banalacan SAMPÁLOC (sahm-pah-lock), Tag.; lake N. of port.) pueblo of San Pablo del Monte, Laguna, - islet off NE. extreme of Pagbilao Grande I., Luzón. Laguimanoc Bay, S. coast of Tayabas, Luzon. hamlet in Cavite, Luzón, 16 m. S. of Cavite, SAN ANDRÉS, or BANALACAN (sahn ahn-drays'. - suburb of Manila. (See Manila.) bah-nah-lah'-cahn), Sp.; port of Marinduque - hamlet in Bulacan, Luzon, at forks of road I., off SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzon, on ex- 13 m. N. of Bulacán. treme NW. end, affording sheltered anchor- - point on extreme S. of Zambales, Luzón, age with good depth. Large vessel inside is completely hidden from view. and W. head of approach to Súbic Bay. SAN ANTONIO (sahn ahn-toh'-nyoh), Sp.; town SAMPANAN (sahm-pah-nahn), nat.; river in on S. coast of Batán I., Batanes grp. Cebú. SAMPINIT (sahm-pee-neet'), nat.; small lake in hamlet in SW. Leyte, 4 m. S. of Baybay. Sámar. - pueblo on r. bank and crossing of Grande SAMPINITAN (sahm-pee-nee'-tahn), nat.; shal- de la Pampanga Riv., in Nueva Ecija, at low creek separating Polloc Harbor from junction of several roads, 3 m. SW. of San Isi- mainland of Cotabato, Mindanao. Small dro. Pop., 7,269. crafts can anchor at entrance to creek. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 6 m. NE. of SAMULIT (sah-moo-lit'), nat; inlet in Sámar. Bacolor. SAMUQUI (sa h-mool-key), ver.; town of Bontoc, - hamlet at head of N. branch of Maindang Riv., in NE. Cápiz, Panay. Luzon, 1 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 545. SAMUR (sah-moor'), ver.; one of Calaguas Is., off - hamlet near gulf road, W. shore of Tabaco N. coast of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. Bay, Albay, Luzón, 11m. N. of Albay. SANAGA (sah-nah'-gah), ver., river in Mindanao. - hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 1 m. W. of La Paz. - village on SW. coast of Sámar, i m. NNE. SAN AGUSTÍN (sahn ah-goos-teen'), Sp.; cape at of Binatac Pt. extreme s point of SE. peninsula of Dåvao, Mindanao. It is headland of approach to - bay on SE. coast of Palawan, entered from Dávao Gulf or along E. coast of Mindanao from S. passage to E. of Pirata I. Anchorage in 6 Carolines and Moluccas to E. and SE. Formed fms., 7 m, between heads. Well sheltered of mass of black rock with trees on summit. during strong NE. monsoon under lee of W. Large vessels can not approach within 31 m. Sejian (Segyam) I. (Also Rocky Bay.) (See of cape in bad weather, as there is always a chart, p. 807.) heavy sea, caused by tidal streams and ed- - point N. entrance to San Jacinto port, E. dies. Small vessels, on the other hand, close coast Ticao I., Masbate, Visayas. the cape and pass within a cable's length. - mountain in Marinduque I., off SW. coast Only shelter for large vessels is Pujada Bay. Tayabas, Luzón. This cape is 63 m. NE. of Pt. Guay, at E. en- - hamlet near Paracale, Ambos Camarines trance to Sarangani Strait. (Norte), Luzon. Deposits of gold worked by - bay in W. Leyte. natives exist in vicinity. - cape on E. coast of Mindanao. - pueblo in central Laguna, Luzón, 11 m. - hamlet in Bulacan, Luzón, 22 m. N. of NE. of Santa Cruz Pop., 1,649. Bulacán, on main road. - town of E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 171 --- hamlet on SW. shore of Leyte, 7 m. N. of m. S. of Tonguil Pt. and 159 m. SSE. of Surigao. Baybay. (Also San Agostin.) - town in Unión, Luzón. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 10 m. NE. of SAN ANTONIO DE INGÁU (sahn ahn-toh'-nyoh Bacolor. day een-gah'-00), Hisp.; pueblo on S. coast in - pueblo on NE.shore of Masbate I., Visa vas. Zambales, Luzón, 25 m. S. of Iba. Has good at head of port of Barrera, 21 m. NW. of Mas- road connections in vicinity. Pop., 4,988. bate. Pop., 1,129. SAN ANTONIO, or SAPA (sahn ahn-toh'-nyoh, - hamlet of Negros Oriental, 3 m. N. of Jima- sah-pah'), sp.; hamlet on SW. coast of Sorso- gón, Luzón, 1 m. NW. of Dumaguit Pt., lalud, E. coast. entrance to Putiao port. -- hamlet in central Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. NW. I SANAYA (sah-nah-vah). nat.: peak in pueblo of of Dumálag. Dolores, Tayabas, Luzon, W. of Mt. Majayjay, - town in Tárlac, Luzón. across the border in Laguna. - town in Unión, Luzón. SANAYÓN (sah-nah-yohn'), nat.; town in Coneep- SAN ALFONSO (sahn ahl-fohn'-soh), Sp.; town ción, Iloilo, Panay. of Surigao, Mindanao, on 1. bank of river, 4 SAN BARTOLOME (sahn bar-toh-loh-may'), Sp.: m. above its mouth, in bay 3 m. NW. of Ton hamlet at headwaters of stream empyting guil Pt., 163 m. SSE. of Surigao. into Manila Bay 9 m. NE. of Manila, Luzon. * [Renounces.] GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 807 ruro INLANDS PALAWAN ISLAND. EAST COAST SAN ANTONIO BAY (ROCKY BAY Prom Spanish Survey in 1888. Marung Beacon, at s'ulom.langUT SEO IXTAC 2.00m (approxy Springe het San Juan Moins Sejian SOUNDINGS IN PEET. And Qual. Moms bout Artland oties XL Sarpaint 808 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SAN BARTOLOMÉ DE CALAYÁN (sahn bar-toh SAN DIEGO (sahn dee-ay'-goh), Sp.; river in La- loh-may' day cah-lah-yahn'), Hisp.; pueblo guna, Luzón, emptying into Laguna de Bay. in Batanes grp., off N. coast Cagayán, Luzon. - point on W. coast of Batangas, Luzon, Pop., 1,722. NNE. of Talin Pt. SAN BERNARDINO (sahn bayr-nar-dee'-noh), Sp.; SAN DIONISIO (sahn dyoh-neel-syoh), Sp.; pue- islet from which important strait of that blo of Concepción, noilo, Panay, E. coast, name is known, 150 ft. high, covered with 4 m. N. of Concepción. Pop., 1,782. trees mostly of ebony variety, lying 7 m. off coast of Bulusan, Sorsogon, Luzón. Smaller SANDIUGAN (sahn-duel-gahn), ver.; island 21 by islet close by to NNE. 2 m., 2 m. N. of Loon, w.coast of Bohol, vi- sayas. - strait between extreme SE. land of penin- sula of Luzon and NW. coast of island of Sá- SANDOVAL (sahn-doh-vahi'), Sp.; point on SW. mar, connecting Pacific Ocean with Visayan coast of Tayabas, Luzón, forming with Pala Sea and forming E. end of S. route in connec- Pt. bay of Catanauan. tion with Verde Passage across archipelago SANDUNGAN (sahn-doong'-ahn). ver.: extreme between United States and Manila. NW. point of Siquijor I., SW. coast of Bohol, SAN BERNARDO (sahn bayr-nar'-doh), Sp.; ham- Visayas, 31 m. N. of Canoan. Conspicuous let on SW. coast of Sámar, 3 m. SE. of Santa hill lies to S. of it and serves as landmark. Port Canoan lies 3 m. S. Margarita. SANDY, for: point on l. bank of N. arm of - hamlet on N. part of W. coast of Limasaua Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Minda- I., SE. of extreme point of Leyte. nao, 2 m. above mouth of Libungan. SANBULAN (sahn-boo'-lahn), ver.; hamlet on NE. shore of Lake Lanao, Misamis, Mindanao. - point on NE. coast of Siargao I., NE. coast Mindanao, 9 m. N. of Port Pilar, SANCAGULIS (sahn-cah-goo'-liss), Tag.; town in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, near W. boundary, 30 m. - point on E. shore of Siargao I., NE. coast NW. of San Isidro. of Pilar port and extreme N. end of island. SANCANAN (sahn-cah-nahn), ver.; inland town SAN EDUARDO (sahn ay-dwar'-doh), Sp.; ham- in NE. Misamis, 12 m. E. by S. of Cagayan de let on S. shore of E. projection of Sámar, 4 m. Misamis, Mindanao. W. of Binugayan Pt. SAN CARLOS (sahn car'-lohs). Sp.; pueblo and -- town in Benguet, Luzón, 6 m. W. of Trini- center of 4 main roads near railroad from dad. Dagupan to Manila, 11 m. SE. of Lingayen, SAN EMILIO (sahn ay-meel-lyoh), Sp.; pueblo in Pangasinan, Luzón. Pop., 23,934. in district of Tiagán, N. Luzón. Pop., 109. - port on E. coast of Negros Occidental, 6 m. - mineral spring in Tayabas, Luzón. S. of Calatrava. Island of Refugio lies 3 m SE. SAN ENRIQUE (sahn ayn-reel-kay), Sp.; hamlet SAN CARLOS DE MARIGATAO (sahn car-lohs in central Sámar, at headwaters of one of W. day mah-ree-gah-tah'-oh), Hisp.; pueblo and tributaries of Bac-hao Bangahón. anchorage on W. coast of Batán I., Batanes - pueblo at headwaters of N. tributary of grp., off N. coast Cagayán, Luzón, 2. m. SW. Jalaur Riv., Iloilo, Panay, 22, m. N. of Iloilo. of Santo Domingo de Basco. Passage for Pop., 3,015. largest boats which land on sandy beach was - town on E. shore of Guimarás Strait, 6 m. cut to admit schooners of 50 tons, which are generally hauled up when they arrive from S. of Valladolid, W. coast of Negros Occiden- Manila with first of SW.monsoon. Pop., 1,229. tal. Inampulugan I. lies 9 m. NW., on oppo- site side of strait. Pop., 3,607. SÁNCHEZ MIRA (sahn'-chayth meel-rah), Sp.; town in Cagayản, Luzón. Pop., 2,998. - river in Negros. SAN CLEMENTE (sahn clay-mayn'-tay), Sp.; pue- - town in Negros Occidental. blo in Tárlac, Luzón, 21 m. from Tárlac. SAN ESTEBAN (sahn ays-tay'-bahn), Sp.; pueblo Pop., 1,875. on seaport of that name, on coast road in SANCO (sahn-coh'), ver.; point in E. Mindanao. Ilocos Sur, Luzón, 18 m. S. of Vigan. Pop., 2,132. SANCOL (sahn-call'), nat.; point forming N. head to Caraga Bay, SE. coast of Surigao, Minda- - town in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. nao. - point, port, and town 64 m. from Salvet - river emptying N. of point of same name Bay, coast of Ilocos Sur, Luzon. (See chart, on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. p. 809.) SANCOP (sahn-cohp'), ver.; S. headland of Bislig SAR EUGENIO (sahn ay-00-hay'-nyoh), Sp.; Bay, on E. coast of Mindanao. Town of Bis- town in Unión, Luzon. lig lies 3 m. to SW. SAN FABIÁN (sahn fah-byahn'), Sp.; pueblo SAN COSME (sahn cohs-may), Sp.; point N. on coast road in Pangasinan, Luzón, 20 m. shore of Port San Jacinto, Ticao I., Masbate NE. of Lingayen, Pop., 9,018. grp., Visayas. SAN FELIPE (sahn fay-lee'-pay), Sp.; hamlet in SAN CRISTÓBAL (sahn crees-toh'-bahl), Sp.; Pampanga, Luzón, 5 m. NE. of Bacolor. hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 34 m. NW. by W. of - pueblo on coast road in Zambales, Luzón, Calinog 13 m. S. of Iba. Pop., 4,265. peak E. of May Cap Lake, Laguna, Luzón. - hamlet in Pangasinan, Luzón, on main (See Majayjay.) road 24 m. E. of Lingayen. -mountain in central Luzón, along boun- in in central Luzon along bonn-I SAN FELIPE, or DALIGI (sahn fav-leel-pay. dary of Batangas, Laguna, and Tayabas. dah-lee-hee), Sp.; hamlet in SW. Iloilo, - river in Laguna, Luzón, emptying into Panay, 7 m. NW. of Miagao. Laguna de Bay, SJ. side. SAN FELIPE NERY (sahn fay-lee'-pay nay'-ree), SAND, for.: island 11 m. in extent, wooded, in Sp.; pueblo in Rizal, Luzon. Pop., 5,465. Green Island Bay, 31 m. E. of Flat I., SE. coast SAN FERMÍN (sahn fayr-meen'), Sp.: town in of Paragua, Palawan, extreme S. of Surigao, Mindanao, on r. bank SAND BAY, for.; point Sw. of S. point of entrance of river entering small bay on E. coast. to Puerto Princesa (Port Royalist), E. coast of SAN FERNANDO (sahn fayr-nahn'doh), Sp.; Palawan. hamlet on 1. bank and main road along SANDCAY (sahnd-ky'), nat.; island off Balábae Grande de la Pampanga Riv., 3 m. S. of San grp., SW. of Palawan, approaching from Sulu Isidro, in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. Sea, from E. town on Sibuyán I., Romblon grp., Visayas. SANDI (sa hn-dee), nat.; islet off sw. coast of - pueblo on E. coast of Cebú, 16 m. SW. of Cotabato, Mindanao, lat. 6° 11' N. Cebú, 4 m. SW. of Tinan, Pop., 12,155. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 809 Daraggos Dk.(approx.pos) 3 fathoms least water) 13 7 S Twα Town .22 PORT SAN ESTEBAN From a survey in Dec.1900, by the officers of the U.S.S.Samar (Lat17° 21'N Ana "Long 120° 26'E. Hospital Yards Road 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 810 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SAN FERNANDO; important road town in Ambos SAN FRANCISCO DEL MONTE (sahn frahn-thees'- Camarines (Sur), Luzón, 7 m. SSW. of Nueva coh dayl mohn'-tay), Sp.; hamlet in Rizal, 4 Cáceres. Pop., 3,271. m. NE. of Manila, Luzón. - mountain in Ambos Camarines (Sur), - river in Rizal, Luzón, tributary to Pásig. Luzón, inland from Sibono Pt., E. shore of Ragay Bay. SANG (sahng), ver.; hamlet on E. shore of Tutú Bay, S. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A. - pueblo, m. o., and p. o. in Pampanga, Lu- SANGÁ (sahng-ah'), nat.; village on N. rim of zón, 49 m. NE. of Bacolor, on Manila and Dagupan R. R. Pop., 13,266. reef opposite Gambangan Creek and S. of Sangá Pt., on SW. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., - pueblo, m. o., p. o., and capital of Unión, Sulu A. Luzón, on high land and E. side of bay of that name, on coast highway, 45 m. N. of I SAN GABRIEL (sahn gah-breeayl'), Sp.; point Dagupan, N. starting point of railway to Ma- in Masbate, Visayas. nila, 105 m. beyond; also through wagon road SANGASA (sahng-ah'-sah), Tag.; peak in Nueva to Manila about 150 m., traversing provinces of Ecija, Luzón. Pangasinan, Tárlac, Pampanga, and Bulacán. - mountain in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. Has frequent communication with Manila SANGÁ SANGÁ (sahng-ah' sahng-ah'), nat.; by sea. Game and fish are abundant. Pop., 12,829. Light-house 29 ft. above sea, on point island 7 m. NE. to SW. and 31 m. NW. to SE., on s. side of entrance to port, is visible 10 m. N. of Bongao and SW. of Tawi Tawi, from Fixed light elevated 13 ft. is to be exhibited which it is separated by a very narrow chan- near mole, lat. 16° 37' 42'' N., lon. 120° 16' nel, Trusan Bongao (Takut Mataha), accom- 38 E. modating only boats of light draft. Island is low, wooded, and has few small patches of - port and point W. of San Fernando, Unión, cultivation on SE. side over Pandán Bay, Luzon. S. anchorage to S. of isthmus con- where there is a Panglema (Panglima) or necting San Fernando Pt, affords better pro- chief. tection than San Fernando Harbor in N. storms. (See chart, p. 811.) SANGAY (sahng-i'), nat.; hamlet on l. bank of Samabinigan Riv., in E. Albay, Luzón. - town 3 m. inland on r. bank of river enter- ing sea on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 201 - town and point on W. shore of Lagonoy m. SSE. of Surigao.. Gulf, E. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), - hamlet on r. bank of Matabang Riv., 3 m. Luzón. SSW. of Guimbalaon, Negros Occidental. SANGBAUEN (sahng-bah'-wayn), nat.; cape on - village on NW. shore of Sicogon I., off NE. W. coast Palawan, approaching Ulugan Bay from N.; peak of same name, 1,816 ft. high, coast of Iloilo, Panay. rises 1, m. SE. -- river in Pampanga, Luzón. (See Betis.) SANGBONÉN (sahng-boh-nayn'),ver.; cape at NE. - hamlet at s. terminus of line of former point of Ulugan Bay, W. coast of Paragua, boundary between Concepcion and Iloilo, Palawan. Panay, at head of bay. - peak 1,816 ft. high, overlooking Ulugan - hamlet on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 2 Bay, Paragua, Palawan. m. SW. of San Pedro. SANGBONOR (sahng-boh-nohr'), ver.; hamlet in - hamlet at junction of 2 main fountain SW. Sámar, 8 m. NNE. of Basey. branches of Matinao Riv., 9 m. NNE. of Para- SANGBOY, or HARE'S EARS (sahng-boy'), ver.; 2 nas. remarkable islands about 1 sq. m., N. 585 ft. - pueblo in Zambales, Luzón. Pop., Cn. 1887, and S. 841 ft. high, in NW. outlying chain of 453. Basilan grp., off S. coast of peninsula of Zam- SAN FERNANDO, or BUTÚAN (sahn fayr-nahn boanga, Mindanao, 30 m. WNW. of Isabela; doh, boo-tool-ahn), Sp.; pueblo near E. coast may often be clearly seen when high land of of Ticao I., Masbate, Visayas, inland from Basilan is obscured by clouds. Mountain of Lagan Pt. Pop., 2,367. S. island resembles cupola, land around it SAN FERNANDO, or PANUNGU (sahn-fayr-nann'- being low. doh, pah-noon'-goo), Sp.; island in upper | SANGI (sahng'-ee), ver.; hamlet on small bay S. Grande Riv. of Mindanao, 3 m. N. of Liguasan of mouth in Bac-hao Bangahón, W. coast of Lagoon, Cotabato, Mindanao. Sámar. SAN FERNANDO DE DILAO, or PACO (sahn fayr SANGILAN (sahng-eel-lahn), ver.; point on NW. nahn'-doh day dee-lah-oh, pah'-coh), Sp.; coast of Tablas I., Masbate, Visayas. municipal district in Manila City (q. v.). SANGIR (sahn-heer'), ver.; volcano on Balut, one SAN FRANCISCO (sahn frahn-thees'-coh), Sp.; of Sarangani Is. (See Sanguil.) hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, near Pampanga SANGLEY (sahn-glay!). Sp.: N. point on outer delta, 3 m. SE. of Bacolor. extreme of low land of Bay of Cavite; light- -- hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 14 m. N. of house, 29 ft. above low water, stands on this Bacolor. point, 8, m. SW. of Manila, Luzón. pueblo in Cebú. Pop., 6,567. SANGOG (sahn-gog'), yer.; hamlet on N. coast hamlet in E. Leyte, 31 m. NE. of Burauen, of Sámar, 1 m. S. of Palápag. on road from Dagami. SANGOL (sahng-all'), nat.; mountain about cen- - road junction in SW. Nueva Ecija, Luzón, ter of pueblo of Bangui, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. 4 m. NW. of San Isidro. SANGPUTAN (sang-pool-tahn), ver.; point in NE. - hamlet on 1. side of mouth of river enter Leyte. ing E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 3 m. SW. SAN GREGORIO (sahn gray-goh'-ryoh), Sp.; ham- of Buan Pt., 205 m. SSE. of Surigao. let on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 2 m. NW. - hamlet and anchorage on S. shore of Pasi- of inland town of Salde. jan I., of Camotes grp., off E. coast of Cebu - pueblo of Abra, Luzón, near r. bank of toward Leyte. Abra Riv., 4 m. NNE. of Bangued, with which - hamlet in SW. Panay, im. W. of boundary it is connected by trail. Pop., 1,429. with Iloilo, 8 m. E. of Anini-y. SANGUBÓN (sahng-00-bohn'), ver.; point at ex- - hamlet on SW. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. treme end of tongue of land dividing Little NE. of San Joaquín. from Great Tabin Bay, on NW.coast of Leyte. SAN FRANCISCO DE MALABON (sahn frahn- | SANGUIL (sahn-geel'), ver.. active volcano on thees'-coh day mah-lah-bone'), Hisp.; pueblo Balut I., lat. 5° 25' N., lon. 125° 19' E., SW. in Cavite, Luzón, on branch of bay road, 9 m. of Sarangani Is., off S. coast of Dávao, Minda- S. of Cavite. Pop., 9,055. nao, 3,117 ft. high; last eruption 1641. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 811 16 8 9 11 13 18 2. s Fernando Pt. 23 5 PE 36 ore 57 98 63 Red building til 6 10 8 34 st: Fernando a gout 100 feet 34 tywny high PORI S.FERNANDO By Lieut. Claudio Montero. One Sea Mile Cables 10 812 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SAN GUILLERMO (sahn gee-lyayr'-moh), Sp.; | SAN ISIDRO; town on NE. shore of Siargao I., off hamlet in Abra, Luzón, 13 m. SE. of Bangued. NE. coast Surigao, Mindanao, 43, m. ENE. of SANGUIRINO (sahn-gee-reel-noh), nat.; hamlet Surigao. on island of Alabat, in pueblo of Maubán, - mountain in Pangasinán, Luzón. Tayabas, Luzón. - former Spanish fort and settlementin angle SANGUISIAPÓ (sahn-gee-seeah-poh'), ver.; one of NW. coast of Lubang I., SE. of Palápag Pt. of many of small islands off SW. shore of Tawi - hamlet on main road, 12 m. NE. of Baco- Tawi I., Sulu A. lor, Pampanga, in pueblo of Bacolor, near r. bank of Grande de la Pampanga Riv. I., Sulu A. SAN ISIDRO DEL CAMPO (sahn ee-seel-droh dayl SANGUITAN (sahn-geel-tahn), nat.; point on W. cahm'-poh), Sp.; coast town 44 m. NW. of coast of Tablas I., Masbate, Visayas. Tacloban, at head of Little Tabin Bay, on NW. coast of Leyte. Pop., 3,352. on its S. shore, S. part of E. arm of Nin Bay, SAN JACINTO (sahn hah-theen'-toh), Sp.; pueblo W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. in Pangasinan, Luzón, 14 m. E. of Lingayen, connected with surrounding towns by roads. port and Sanig Bay, E. arm of Nin Bay, W. Pop., 5,059. coast of Masbate, Visayas. - pueblo on S. shore of bay on E. coast of SAN IGNACIO (sahn eeg-nah'-thyoh), Sp.; ham- Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. Pop., 2,459. let 2, m. NE. of Calbiga, in SW. Sámar. - port and town on E. coast of Ticao I., - town on E. coast of Mindanao, in extreme Masbate grp., Visayas. At entrance on S. is SE. part of Surigao, Mindanao, 209 m. SSE. of Spanish fort with rounded bastions. Town Surigao. - town at head of delta of Butúan Riv., 1 m. SAN JOAQUÍN (sahn hoh-ah-keen'), Sp.; hamlet N. of that town and 62 m. S. of Surigao, Min in Bulacán, Luzon, 17 m. N. of Bulacán. danao. - hamlet in E. Leyte, on coast road, 14 m. S. SAN ILDEFONSO (sahn eel-day-fohn'-soh), Sp.; of Palo. hamlet in Pampanga, Luzon, 8 m. NW. of coast hamlet 2 m. S. of Ginigaran, Negros Bacolor. Occidental. - pueblo in Bulacán, Luzón, 19 m. from Bu — pueblo on SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 25 m. WSW. of Iloilo. Pop. 13,919. - pueblo of Ilocos Sur, Luzón, 3 m. N. of Vi - hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. NW. by N.of gan. Pop., 2,033. Barotac Viejo. - cape on coast of Príncipe, Luzón. - inland hamlet of Cápiz, Panay, 4, m. S. of Batán (Balan). SAN ISIDRO (sahn ee-seel-droh), Sp.; pueblo, p. o., and m. o., and capital of Nueva Ecija, -- hamlet on SW. shore of Sámar. Luzon, on l. bank and crossing of Pampanga, SAN JOSÉ (sahn hoh-say'), Sp.; pueblo and road Riv.; place of strategic importance in region center toward Manila, in Bulacan, Luzon, 10 N. and w. of Manila, being on great river of m. E. of Bulacán. that section and at radiating point of several mineral spring in Bulacan, Luzón. Grande de la Pampanga to Bayombong, capi - river in pueblo of Bocaue, Bulacan, Luzón, tal of Nueva Vizcaya, divides at Cabanatúan, empties into Bay of Manila. crossing main river and proceeds NW. into - pueblo in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, Pangasinan and Benguet. San Isidro on W. on main road 74 m. SE. ef Nueva Cáceres. is connected by several main roads touching Manila and Dagupan R. R. at Tárlac and - pueblo and chief town of Corregidor I., in many other points, thus being in touch with entrance to Manila Bay, 27 m. WSW. of Ma- main coast highway to N,; has also fine high- nila. Pop., 574. way S. to Manila 48 m., another farther W. to Bulacan 43 m. in direct line, and another danao, 6 m. E. by S. of Dávao, across strait farther W. to Bacolor 45 m. in direct line; of Pakiputan. surrounding country is alluvial, fertile, and - town at head of small bay on E. shore of well watered. Pop., Cn. 1887, 9,474. Dávao Gulf, Davao, Mindanao, 464 m. SE. -- village immediately within NE. boundary by S. of Dávao. Sigaboy I. lies short distance of municipality of Manila, Luzón, in Sampa NW. of opening of this bay. loc district, on Balic-Balic road. - fort and hamlet on E. coast of Ticao I., - pueblo of Pangasinan, Luzón, on main Masbate grp., Visayas. highway, 6 m. W. of Lingayen. Pop., 2,531. - pueblo SE.of Lake Taal, Batangas, Luzon, - hamlet on W. shore of deep estuary on S. on highway 9 m. S. to Batangas, capital, and coast of Leyte, 6 m. N. of Malitbog, Leyte. on Malaquintúbig River. Pop., 10,000. - pueblo in E. Leyte, 6 m. SW. of Palo, con - inlet on shore of Lake Taal, Batangas, nected by road. - hamlet on sw. shore of Leyte, 5 m. S. of - point inside N. entrance to Manila Bay, in Baybay, on W. coast trail. Bataan, Luzon. - pueblo in pueblo of Bolincaguing, Zamba- - town at headwaters of small river entering les, Luzón, 38 m. from Iba. Pop., 2,863. on SW. shore of Bislig Bay, Surigao, Minda- nao, 128 m. SE. by S. road 13 m. N. of San Isidro. - hamlet in SE. Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. SE. of town in Surigao, Mindanao, 7 m. inland San Miguel. from seacoast and lying NW. of Catarman - hamlet on r. bank of Ibajay Riv., in Cápiz, Pt., 135 m. SSE. of Surigao. Panay. - hamlet in extreme NW. part of Laguna, -- hamlet in pueblo of San Miguel de Mayumo, Luzón, 25 m. E. of Santa Cruz. on main road in Bulacan, Luzón, 24 m. N. of - hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 14 m. W. of Man- Bulacán. Pop., 2,397. durriao. - E. end of anchorage of San Jacinto port, - hamlet in pueblo of Macabebe, Pampanga, Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. Luzón, 12 m. N. of Bacolor. -- hamlet in pueblo of Tayasan, Negros Orien- - hamlet on E. coast of Negros Occidental, 3 tal, 11 m. N. of Jimalalud, E. coast. m. S. of Calatrava. - point in Negros. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 813 perde la Bodega vela R 16 Aprigh): SAN JACINTOJN TIKAO I! From an Italian Govern! Survey in 1884 H.NE&C.VT! 307 Springs rise 6 toer denotes carro. andret grael.oz. ooze elvigy.wwhite SOUNDINGS IN FATHOMS PAS.Jurn, Lat. 12:32*18*N Long, 12345:E. HEIGHTS IN FEET as Antonio, 2 Slosms Boatchapte Podel Vangel 8 10 13 Sinus . O 17 26 25 il 20 1 14 12 15 22 9 Pos Juan SS VARIATION NEARLY 05 E. (1899) STATIONARY IN Nall of the ut 330 feet DO Scale of 10 Cables or 1 Se Mile Solitano 2017 No.1716. 814 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SAN JOSÉ; town in Sámar. | SAN JUAN; town on E. coast of Mindanao, 2 m. NW. of Cinablagan Pt., E. coast of Surigao, town in Tárlac, Luzón. - Mindanao, 165 m. SSE. of Surigao. Pop., Cn. - town in Isabela, Luzón. 1887, 341. - hamlet in pueblo of Santa Cruz, Ilocos Sur, - town on bight between Diuata and Sipaka Luzon. Pts., N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, 41 m. - hamlet in pueblo of Bacarrá, Ilocos Norte, NNE. of Cagayan de Misamis. Luzon. - town on small bay on E. shore of Davao - hamlet in pueblo of Batac, Ilocos Norte, Gulf, Davao, Mindanao, 28 m. SE. by E. of Luzón. Dávao. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 1 m. NE. of - river in Rizal, Luzón, tributary to Pasig. Bacolor. - hamlet in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 13 m. N. of - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 10 m. NE. of San Isidro. Bacolor. - town in Abra, Luzón. Pop., 1,146. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 6 m. NE. of - pueblo in Bohol, Visayas. Pop., Cn. 1887, Bacolor. • 5,428. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 2 m. NW. of village on r. bank of S. arm of Grande Riv. Bacolor. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao. - hamlet on r. bank of Grande de la Pam- - point W. end of anchorage of San Jacinto panga Riv., 12 m. NW. of Bacolor. port, E. coast Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. town in pueblo of Lagonoy, Ambos Cama- - cluster of islets in NE. angle of Laguima- rines (Sur), Luzón, near Albay boundary, 22 noc Bay, S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. m. NE. of Nueva Cáceres. Pop., 9,000. - hamlet on E. shore of Leyte, on coast SAN JUAN, or ST. JOHN; point on NE. of en- trance to San Antonio Bay, SE. coast of S. road, 1} m. N. of Dutag. Palawan. - pueblo on main road on 1. bank of Grande SAN JUAN DE BOCBOC (sahn hwahn day bock- de la Pampanga Riv., 10. m. N. of San Isidro, bock'), Hisp.; town in Batangas, Luzón. in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. Pop., 852. - hamlet in extreme sw. corner of Pam SAN JUAN DE GUIMBA (sahn hwahn day geem'- panga, Luzon, where W. boundary of proy bah), Hisp.; pueblo in Nueva Ecija, 24 m. W. ince intersects head of Orani Riv., 14 m. SW. of N. of San Isidro, at junction of main roads, of Bacolor. one leading SW. to Tárlac, 13. m., other S. to SAN JOSÉ DE BUENAVISTA (sahn hoh-say! San Isidro. Pop., 2,994. day bway-nah-vees-tah), Sp.; pueblo and SAN JUAN DE ÍLOG (sahn hwahn day ee'-log), capital of Antique, on N. extremity of sandy Hisp.: town of Negros Occidental. (See Ilog.) bay lined with rocks, on W. coast of Antique, SAN JUAN DE MACAPÍLAY (sahn hwahn day Panay, 262 m. from Manila; town stands on mah-cah-peel-lie), Hisp.; important town on S. end. Active trade between San José and and Iloilo, about 80 m. by sea; also fine road SW. coast of Siquijor I., off SW. coast Bohol, communication with other provinces of is- Visayas, 40 m. SW. of Tagbilaran and 22 m. E. across sea channel from Zamboanguita, Ne- land. Pop., 5,621. gros Oriental. Pop., 5,979. SAN JOSÉ DE CASIGNÁN (sahn hoh-say' day cah- - pueblo in Surigao, Mindanao. sig-nahn'), Hisp.; pueblo in Principe, Luzón. Pop., 267. - pueblo in Union, Luzón. SAN JOSÉ DE MANABO (sahn hoh'-say day mah- SAN JUAN DEL MONTE (sahnhwahn dayl nah'-boh), Hisp.; pueblo in Abra, Luzón, 11 m. mohn'-tay), Sp.; pueblo in Rizal, Luzón, 4 m. SE. of Bangued, on 1. bank of Dudoc Riv., 1 E. of Manila. Pop., 2,011. m. from its mouth in Abra Riy. Pop., 1,285. SAN JUAN PAMPLONA (sahn hwahn pahm-ploh'- SAN JOSÉ DE NAVOTAS (sa hn hoh-say' day nah- nah), Sp. (See Pamplona Riv.) voh'-tahs), Sp.; pueblo in Rizal, Luzón. SAN JUAN, RÍO GRANDE DE, or SANTA CRUZ (ree'-oh grahn'-day day sahn hwahn, sahn'- SAN JOSÉ DE TROZO (sah hoh-say' day troh'- tah crooth), Sp.; small stream in Batangas, thoh), Sp.; district of Manila City, Luzon, empties into Laguna de Bay at Calamba, in more generally known as Trozo. Laguna, Luzón. SAN JOSÉ IBANA, or IVANA (sahn hoh-say' day SAN JUANICO (sahn hwah-neel-coh), Sp.; strait ee-bah-nah, ee-vah'-nah). Hisp.; pueblo on in SE. angle of Visayan Sea, 25 m. long from SW. shore of Batán I., Batanes grp., off N. Cabugauan Pt. on NW. to Binalac Pt. on SE., coast of Cagayán, Luzón, 14 m. from Magatao. and from 1,000 ft. to 1 and 3 m. wide between Pop., 1,914. San Vicente is port of this town. Sámar on NE. and Leyte on SW. Along its SAN JUAN (sahn hwahn), Sp.; hamlet in Cavite, shores are numerous hamlets and towns, Luzón, on SE, shore of Manila Bay, 18 m. SW. Santa Rita on Sámar and Babatugon, Mali- of Cavite. bago, and Tacloban, capital, on Leyte side. Connects Daram channel on NW. with San - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, on l, bank Pedro and San Pablo Bay on SE. Vessels of of Grande de la Pampanga Riv., 7 m. SE. of good size can pass through, although por- Bacolor. tions of channel are much obstructed by - hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 14 m. E. of Baro islands. Forms convenient shelter for native tac Viejo. craft. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 2 m. NE. of SAN JULIÁN (sahn hoo-lyahn'), Sp.; hamlet in Bacolor. Ilocos Sur, Luzón. -hamlet on r. bank of Grande de la Pam- town on SE. shore of bay on E. coast of panga Riv., Luzón, 8 m. E. of Bacolor. Sámar, 36 m. N. of E. of Catbalogan. Pop., - pueblo on extreme NE. coast of Batangas, 3,616. Luzón, on Tayabas Bay shore, terminus of - inlet and port in Sámar. highway, 48 m. NE. of Batangas, capital, via - pueblo SE. shore Libás port, opposite Libás, Rosario. Pop., 14,017. E. coast Sámar. _ hamlet in Pangasinan, Luzón, on main SAN JULIÁN, or LIBÁS (sahn hoo-lyahn', lee- road, 11 m. SE. of Lingayen. bahs'), Sp.; town in Cápiz, Panay, - pueblo in Abra, Luzón. SANKOL (sahn-koll), ver.; hamlet near point of - pueblo (de Macipalay) on coast highway, same name on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 4 m. N. of San Fernando, Unión, Luzón. surrounded by fertile country and cocoanut Pop., 10,211. plantations; 192 m. SSE. of Surigao. 20075 904 9 San Miguel 120 14 20 BAGABABOL ISLANDS 12 sunt 10 220 un 124 Palaban 105 220 NORTWEST COAST OF TIGAO 18LAND PORT SAN MIGUEL 120 PORT SAN MIGUEL 18 272 72 weet 151 HE NORUS PETERS CO. PHOTO-UTHO, WASHINGTON O.C. S Doc 28.0 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 815 SANKOL; N. point of Caraga Bay, E. coast of Suri- | SAN MARIANO (sahn mah-ryah'-noh), Sp.; min- gao, Mindanao. Point is low and formed of eral spring in Norzagaray, Bulacan, Luzón. rocks, which give it somewhat striking ap- - hamlet on Calbiga Riv., in hills of Lochi pearance from sea. (Log-hi), 12 m. SE. of Pinabágdao, W. coast of SAN LEONARDO (sąhn lay-oh-nar'-doh), Sp.; Šámar. pueblo in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. SAN MARTÍN (sahn mar-teen'), Sp.: hamlet in SAN LORENZO (sąhn loh-rayn'-thoh), Sp.; ham SW. Iloilo, Panay, 1 m. from boundary with let in Nueva Ecija, Luzon, 41 m. NE. of San Antique, 12 m. SW. of San Joaquín. Isidro. - hamlet on l. bank of Maninila Riv., near its - hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. NNE. of junction with Sibalón Riv., 5 m. NW. above Analao. San Remigio, Antique, Panay. - hamlet on gulf road, W. shore of Tabaco - hamlet on Abra Riv., in pueblo of Candon, Bay, Albay, Luzón, 12, m. N. of Albay, Ilocos Sur, Luzon. SAN LUCAS (sahn loo'-cahs). Sp.: river in Batan- -point at entrance to port Concepción, gas, Luzón, passing NE. of pueblo of Tanauan, Maestre de Campo I., E. of Mindoro. and SE. of pueblo of Santo Tomás. SAN LUIS (sahn lwees), Sp.; pueblo in Pam- - point on E. side of entrance to Rubido Bay, S. shore of Maestre de Campo I., off E. coast of panga, Luzón, 9 m. E. of Bacolor. Pop., 10,298. Mindoro. - pueblo in Batangas, Luzón, 16 m. by high SAN MATEO (sahn mah-tay'-oh), Sp.; river, lower road NW. of Batangas, near S. coast of Lake Taal, and on road to San Luis. Pop., 5,201. portion of which traverses N. part of Rizal, Luzón; has 3 branches; N. rises in N. part of - hamlet in S. central Concepción, Iloilo, Bulacán on W. slopes of coast range and flows Panay, 2 m. E. of Sara. S. about 20 m., at boundary between Bulacan - village of Isabela, Luzón, just within boun and Manila joined by central branch, which dary with Nueva Vizcaya, on main road be rises in extreme SE. corner of Bulacán in tween Ilagan and Bayombong, 40 m. from same slopes and flows NW. about 26 m. direct former point. line to point of junction with N. branch, - garrisoned town in Isabela, Luzón. thence pursuing W. course about 4 m. receives S. branch, which rises in Rizal and pursues - town on 1. bank of Agusan Riv., Surigao, N. course; thence these united currents, form- Mindanao, 24 m. S. of Butúan. ing main stream of San Mateo, make great town on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 4) bend of about 8 m. to town of San Mateo on m. N. of Casoman Pt., 183 m. SSE. of Surigao. its 1. bank; thence it pursues its course to SAN MANUEL (sahn mah-nwayl'), Sp.; point in Laguna de Bay under name Mariquina. port of San Jacinto, NW. coast of Ticao I., -pueblo of Rizal, Luzón, 18 m.NE. of Manila. Masbate grp., Visayas. Pop., 6,700. - pueblo in Pangasinan, Luzón, near r. bank - town and anchorage at Caballo Pt., W. of of Dagupan Riv., on main road leading W. to Zamboanga, Mindanao, and 8) m. SE. of Cal. Lingayen, 29 m.; fine road facilities. Pop., dera Pt. 6,867. - point on SW. coast of Mindanao, SE, of - point on w. shore of San Jacinto port, village of same name. Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. -- hamlet in pueblo of Arayat, Pampanga, SAN MARCELINO (sahn mar-thay-lee'-noh), Sp.; Luzon. pueblo on highway in Zambales, Luzón, 27 m. SE. of Iba. Pop., 4,043. - river emptying into Pasig Riv. on N. side below Pásig, Rizal, Luzón. SAN MARCIAL (sahn mar-thyahl'), Sp.; town in Abra, Luzón, 7 m. S. of Bangued, with which SAN MATIAS (sahn mah-teel-ahs), Sp.; hamlet in it is connected by trail. Pampanga, Luzon, 31 m. NE. of Bacolor, on SAN MARCOS (sahn mar'-cohs), Sp.; hamlet on Manila and Dagupan R. R. main road in Bulacan, Luzón, 9 m. NW. of - hamlet in Abra, Luzon, 3 m. SE. of Bangued, Bulacán. on trail from Bucay. ST. MICHAEL ISLANDS (GROUP), SULU SEA. A cluster of 4 uninhabited outlying islets and rocks (San Miguel on the Spanish charts) in the Sulu Sea, immediately within the s. treaty line of demarcation, Manuk Manukan, the most S., in lon. 118° 29', lying 22 m. N. of 7° 40' N., the boundary, and 1034 m. E. of Clarendon Bay, S. end of Balábac I. Islands. sq.m. Bankawan.. Bankoran........ Manuk Manukan.. Total area ...... The angle of boundary lat. 7° 40 N. and lon. 119° 35' E. lies 68 m. to the E. in the Sulu Sea, about midway between Balábac and Mindanao; ENE. 64 m. lies Meander Reef, 6 ft. high, in the midst of the solitude of waters, and 314 m. ESE. a cluster of rocks "as large as boats." ...... 11 SAN MIGUEL (san mee-gayl'), Sp.; hamlet on W. shore of Polillo I., off coast of Infanta, E. by N., 91 m. from Binangonan de Lampón. - group of islands in Sulu Sea. (See St. Michael.) - hamlet in central Capiz, Panay, 3 m. S. of Tapay. SAN MIGUEL; outlying islet 2 m. off extreme NW. end of Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. Between it and mainland of Ticao lies larger island mapped, but unnamed. - extreme NE. point of stretch of land of Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. - port 3 by 4 m. on extreme NW. coast of Ti- cao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. 816 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SAN MIGUEL; hamlet in Sw. Sámar, 3 m. NW. of Basey. pueblo in NE. Leyte, 12 m. NW. of Taclo- ban. Pop., 4,126. - island 5% by 24 m.: area 16 sq. m.; lies in entrance to Tabaco Bay off main land of Al- bay, Luzón. NW. and smallest of chain of 4 islands of geographical and productive im- portance, which divide waters of Lagonoy and Albay bays. - island off NE. shore of San Miguel Bay, Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. - bay in Ambos Camarines (Norte), 20 m. in diameter, surrounded by high mountains and capable of harboring vessels of great draft in safety from winds of Pacific Ocean. - suburb of Manila. (See Manila, Luzón.) - pueblo in Pampanga, Luzon, 6 m. SE. of Bacolor. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 17 m. N. of Bacolor. Pop., 1,887. - hamlet of Negros Occidental, 3 m. SE. of La Carlota. hamlet on Pulu tributary of Lagusan Riv., Negros Occidental, 14 m. E. of Bago. - hamlet at headwaters of Lagusan Riv., Negros Occidental, 14 m. E. of Valladolid, - island SE. of Paragua, Palawan. town in district of Cayapa, Luzón. SAN MIGUEL, or ANGOY (sahn mee-gayl', ahn- goy'), Sp.; pueblo in Iloilo, Panay, 9 m. NW. of Iloilo. Pop., 7,300. SAN MIGUEL, or SARRAT (sahn mee-gayl', sah- rrat'); pueblo on r. bank of Grande de Laoag Riv., 5 m. above Laoag, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. Pop., 9,015. SAN MIGUEL DE CAMILING (sahn mee-gayl' day cah-mee-ling'), Hisp.; town in Tárlac, cen- tral Luzón. SAN MIGUEL DE MAYUMO (sahn mee-gayl' day mah-yoo'-moh). Hisp.; pueblo in Bulacan, Luzón, on main road at junction of several others, 32 m. N. of Bulacan. Pop., 20, 460. SAN NARCISO (sann nar-thee'-soh), Sp.; pueblo on coast road in Zambales, Luzón, 21 m. S. of Iba. Has 3 high roads in different directions. Pop., 7,255. - pueblo at head of Pusgo Bay, Tayabas, Lu- zón, W. shore of Ragay Gulf, about halfway on coast road between Guinayangan, N., 23 m., and Soboncogon, S., 18 m., near end of Ta- yabas Pen. Pop., 1,087. SAN NICOLÁS, (sahn nee-coh-lahs'), Sp.; hamlet in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 2 m. E. of San Isidro, on main road. - pueblo 3 m. S. of Laoag, capital, on coast highway, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. Pop., 9,578. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 7 m. NW. of Bacolor. - pueblo on W. coast of Cebú, 2 m. w. of Cebú. Pop., 17,800. By act No. 116, passed by P. C. Apr. 18, 1901, this pueblo was incorpo- rated in municipality of Cebú. - hamlet in central Cápiz, Panay, 5 m. S. of Zagnaya. - hamlet in Cavite, Luzón, 8 m. SE. of Ca- vite. -district in Manila City, 6 m. E. of Manila, Luzón, on 1. bank of Pasig Riv. and on S. shore road. - hamlet on r. bank of Grande de la Pam- panga Riv., in Pampanga, Luzón, 12 m. NE. of Bacolor. -- pueblo in Pangasinan, Luzón, near Ben- guet boundary, 36 m. E. of Lingayen, con- nected by high way which crosses Agno Riv. nearby, 3 m. N. of Tayug, near base of W. coast range and at W. end of pass. Pop., 10,204. SAN NICOLÁS; suburb m. W. of Cebú, Cebú, Visayas. Fixed white light is located here. - settlement on SE. shore of East Bay, on NW. coast of Linapacan I., Calamianes grp., off NE. coast Paragua, Palawan. SAN NICOLÁS, or SPANISH FORT; hamlet in Batangas, Luzón. - hamlet in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón between 2 ends of natural loop in Inaga Riv., 64 m. NW. of Nueva Cáceres. SANNITO (sahn-nee-toh), ver; hamlet on NW. shore of Sibuguey Bay, Zamboanga, Minda- nao, 654 m. NNE. of Zamboanga. SAN PABLO (sahn pah'-bloh), Sp; island off E. coast of Leyte. (See Cabugan I.) - hamlet in central Pampanga, Luzon, 10 m. NE. of Bacolor. - pueblo in S. central Laguna, Luzón, 25 m. S. of Santa Cruz, near boundary, on main road from that capital to Tayabas (about one-third distance), on SW. seacoast. Center of area of volcanic elevations and lakes, with indi- cations of valuable mineral deposits. Pop., 19,537. - town on W. shore of Lake Maynit, in Suri- gao, Mindanao, 27 m. S. of Surigao. – town in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. SAN PABLO, or ST. PAULS; bay E. of Cape Sangbauen, NE. point of Ulugan Bay, SW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Scenery around bay consists of dome-shaped hills and per- pendicular cliffs of limestone formation. St. Pauls Peak 3,370 ft. and E., Cleopatras Needle, 5,200 ft high. -remarkable dome-shaped summit 3,370 ft. high, approaching Ulugan Bay, SW. coast Paragua, Palawan, from S. and St. Pauls Bay from N. SAN PASCUAL (sahn pass-kwahl'), Sp.; hamlet in E. Bohol, Visayas, 2 m. N. of Batuanan. -- anchorage at entrance to bay which opens to S. on coast of Burias I., Masbate grp., Visayas. - capital and pueblo, Burias I., Masbate grp., Visayas. Pop., 1,601. - town on NW. coast of Burias I., Masbate grp., Visayas, lat. 13° 8' 30" N., lon., 122° 58' 25 E. SAN PEDRIÑO (sahn pay-dree-nyoh), Sp.; W. inner point of Balayán Bay, Tayabas, Luzón. - inlet in sw. shore of Batangas, Luzón. (Also Pagopas.) - point formed by mountain of same name on Balayán Bay, Batangas, Luzón. - mountain inland from Talin Pt., W. coast of Batangas, Luzón, lat. 13° 55' 30" N. SAN PEDRO (sahn pay'-droh), Sp.; hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 14 m. N. of Bacolor. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 81 m. N. of Bacolor. - hamlet in Albay, Luzón, 8 m. NE. of Al- bay. - hamlet in Bulacán, Luzon, 10% m. N. of Bulacán. - islet off E. coast of Leyte. (See Cabugan, Little.) - pueblo on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 5 m. N. of San José de Buenavista. Pop., 7,366. - point on W. center coast of Romblon I., Romblon grp., Visayas. - town on r. bank of mouth of river entering ocean on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 2 m. W. of Casoman Pt., 189 m. SSE. of Surigao. - town 11 m. above mouth of river in NW. of Basilan I., off SW. peninsula of Zamboanga, Mindanao. SAN PEDRO MACATÍ (sahn pay'-droh mah-cah- tee), Hisp.; pueblo on S. shore of Pasig Riv., in Rizal, Luzón, 3m. SE. of Manila. Resort for convalescents. Pop., 3,921. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 817 186 15 13 8 7 5. 930 Font I MIGUIN 7 10 20 10 4 22 26 22 26 29 36 LE P BS shok 5 7144 22 11 SE 6174 1:7 KAMIGUIN I. PORT SAN PIO V. 67 Scale 10 Cables from British & Spanish Surveys Sea Mile1 in 1791 & 1859 H.W.E.& C.Vibomsprioc 6 n. TI S. Doc. 280— 52 818 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SAN PEDRO TUNASÁN (sahn pay'-droh too-nah SAN RAFAEL; village on W. shore of Loog (Luk) sahn'), Hisp.; pueblo on W. shore of Laguna Bay, Lubang I., NW. of Mindoro, W. entrance de Bay, in extreme NW. of Laguna, Luzón, to Verde Passage. on main road to Manila. Pop., 3,700. SAN RAYMUNDO (sahn rye-moon-doh), Sp.; min- SAN PEDRO Y SAN PABLO (sahn payl-droh ee eral spring in pueblo of Lemery, Batangas, sahn pah'-bloh), Sp.; bay 12 m. wide and 18 Luzón. m, deep, formed by extreme SW. shore of SAN RAMÓN (sahn rah-mohn'), Sp.; hamlet on Sámar and portion of E. shore of Leyte; ap- E. coast of Sámar, 3 m. W. of Pangpang Pt. proach for vessels of average draft from S. on SE. to San Juanico Strait and thence to Da- - hamlet of Abra, Luzón, on r. bank of Abra ram channel, toward Manila. On shores are Riv., 13 m. SE. of Bangued. numerous hamlets; on Sámar side town of - pueblo on extreme W. shore of Sámal I., Basey, and on Leyte side Tacloban, capital, Dávao, Mindanao, 12; m. NE. of Davao, and towns of Palo, Tanauan, Tolosa, and across strait of Pakiputan. Dutag. - town on l. shore of mouth of small river on SAN PELAYO (sahn pay-lah'-yoh), Sp.; hamlet SW. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. near 1. bank of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., W. SAN REMIGIO (sahn ray-mee-hyoh), Sp.; pue- Sámar. blo on l. bank of Sibalom Riy., Antique, Pa- SAN PÍO QUINTO (sahn peel-oh keen-toh), Sp.; nay, 13 m. NE. of San José de Buenavista. port on w. shore of Camiguin I., Babuyanes Pop., 2,503. Is., N. of Luzon, Port fronts 31 m. toward - pueblo on NW. coast of Cebú, on s. shore of NW. and 2 m. inland; sheltered from W. by Daijagon Bay, 9 m. N. of Cebú. Pop., 6,192. Font I., in middle of entrance. S. channel, 2 m. wide, between Font I. and S. point of SAN RICARDO (sahn ree-cahr'-doh), pueblo on port, presents great natural curiosity. Water extreme Sw. shore of Panaón I., at SW. en- for considerable surrounding area color of trance to Surigao Strait and at entrance to iron; to S. immense boiling spring of salt bay 30 m. in depth and 15 m. wide, setting up water, regarded as evidence of comparatively into S. mainland of Leyte. Pop., Cn. 1887, recent activity of volcanic forces in this and 3,077. Batanes grp. on N., and N. sections of Luzon - village on SE. shore of Cancabató Bay, NE. on S. N. channel between Font I. and N. coast of Leyte. point of port about 1 m. wide. Stream of fresh water enters port. Pop., 70. On May 3, SAN ROQUE (sahn roh'-kay), Sp.; hamlet of Sor- 1899, U.S. S. Concord on cruise visited island sogón, Luzon, midway in narrows which con- and raised U.S. flag. Port now one of princi- nect main body of Luzon. pal cruising stations of U. S. Navy in these - hamlet in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, 23 m. W. of waters of American possessions. Crew of N. of San Isidro. wrecked U. S. S. Charleston camped at this - hamlet on extreme SW. coast of Antique, point until succor arrived. (See chart, p. 817.) Panay, 4 m. E. of Anini-y. SAN POLICARPO (sahn poh-lee-car'-poh), Sp.; - hamlet in central Cápiz, Panay, 14 m. S. of hamlet on S. shore of Sámar, 3 m. W. of Cal Tapac. bayog. - hamlet on SE. shore of Leyte, 12 m. from - hamlet on S. side of extreme NE. coast of Abúyog, approaching from SE. Sámar, 7 m. E. of Orás. - hamlet in Leyte, on coast road, 5 m. SE. of SANQUI (sahn-key'), nat.; point on Sw. coast of Mac-Crohon. Negros Oriental, 174 m. W. of Bayauan. - hamlet in Bulacan, Luzon, 15 m. N. of Bu- SAN QUINTIN (sahn keen-teen'), Sp.; pueblo in lacán. Abra, Luzón, on high road from Bangued, 8 - pueblo of Cavite, Luzón, at head of Caña- m. to Vigan, W. along 1. bank of Abra Riv. cao Bay, and land end of neck on which Pop., 725. Cavite is situated; 9 m. SW. of Manila by - pueblo in Nueva Ecija, Luzon, in Tasig Mts. water. Pop., 3,182. at head waters of 2 tributaries of Agno Riv. - hamlet in low lands of Pampanga, Luzón, near boundary of Pangasinan, 50 m. NE. of 13 m. E. of Bacolor. San Isidro. Pop., 6,852. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzôn, 10 m. NW. of SAN RAFAEL (sahn rah-fah-ayl'), Sp.; hamlet on Bacolor. Pampanga delta, in Pampanga, Luzón. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 4 m. SW. of - SE.point of Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas, Bacolor. 7 m. N. of E, entrance head of Usón Bay, - hamlet on 1. bank of Grande de la Pam- Masbate. panga Riv., 6 m. S. of San Isidro, in extreme - hamlet on SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 4, m SW. corner of Nueva Ecija, Luzón. SW. of Miagao. - town on E. shore of Maynit Lake, Surigao, - hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 5 m. NW. by N. of Mindanao, 20 m. SSE. of Surigao. Barotac Viejo. - hamlet in Zamboanga, Mindanao, 6 m. - village W. shore of Loog (Luk) Bay. Sup NW. of Zamboanga. plies of water, cattle, and vegetables obtain- - hamlet on 1. bank of river in NE. Misa- able by ships. mis, Mindanao, 2 m. NE. of Balingasag. - hamlet on W. shore of Ibayat I., Batanes ISAN ROQUE VIEJO (sahn roh-kay vyay'-hoh), Is., off N. coast Cagayán, Luzón. Sp.; hamlet on S. shore of Leyte, 4 m. SE. of - bay on NW. shore of Basilan I., off SW. Mac-Crohon. peninsula of Zamboanga, Mandanao. Forms inshore at head of deep and broad bight on | SAN RUFINO (sahn roo-feel-noh), Sp.; hamlet that coast. SE. of Sigarag Mt., Sámar. - village on SE. coast of Lubang I., 20 m. SW. SAN SALVADOR (sahn sahl-vah-dohr'), Sp.; island of Lubang. (See Loog.) off E. coast of Zambales, Luzon, thickly - pueblo on main crossroad in Bulacán, wooded. Town of Masingloc (Masinloc) Luzon, 11 m. N. of Bulacan, Pop., 8,469. fronts it. Channel S. of island, 15 fms. deep, leads to Mataloi. - mineral spring in Sibul, pueblo of San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan, Luzón. - town in Misamis, Mindanao. -- bay on SE. shore of Malamaui road, N. SAN SATURNINO (sahn sah-toor-neel-noh), Sp.; coast of Basilan I., S. of Zamboanga, Min hamlet near E. coast of Samar, 2 m. N. of danao. Borongan. No 4252 Santa Cruz Harbo PHILIPPINE ISLANDS LUZÓN, WEST COAST SANTA CRUZ HARBOR Scale soon HATONRA Soundings and heights in feat Geographical Poin 16 WAYO RMANA MAYOR CRUZ YANA XENON ISLAN P PINE TSANDS THE NORRIS PETERS CO. PHOTO LITHO WASHINGTON, DC Santa Cruz Harbor . No "4252 S Doc 280.51 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 819 SAN SEBASTIÁN (sahn say-bahs-tyahn'), Sp.; | SANTA CRUZ-Continued. hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 5 m. WNW. of Manila, and Tayabas by 5 roads, some lined Guimbal. near capital with palm groves. Pop., 13,141. -- pueblo on S. side of Maqueda Bay, W. The region has long been famous for manu- coast of Sámar, 10 m. SE. of Catbalogan. facture of palm wine or brandy. Sale of palm brandy was government monoply, retailed Pop., 839. in estancos or government salerooms with - pueblo in Cebú. Pop., Cn. 1887, 2,442. cigars and stamped paper. Manufacture was - ward of Quiapo (Kiapo), municipality of by private individuals, product being sold to Manila, one of fashionable quarters of capital. government at large profits to contractors. SAN SEBASTIÁN, or SEPALAY (sahn say-bahs- Proceeds of this monopoly were $1,622,810 in tyahn', say-pah-lie'), Sp.; hamlet on SW. colonial budget of 1861. Santa Cruz Riv. coast of Negros Oriental, 1 m. SE. of SW. sea enters bay at this point; native market ves- end of boundary between Negros Oriental sels carry on brisk trade with Manila. and Occidental, 16 m. W. of Bayauan. - hamlet on banks of Vicol or Naga Riv., SAN SIMÓN (sahn see-mohn'), Sp.; pueblo on r. lat. 13° 33' 30" N., Ambos Camarines (Sur), bank of Grande de la Pampanga Riv., Pam- Luzón. panga, Luzon, Pop., 7,817. - barrio of Daet, Ambos Camarines Norte), SANSÓN (sahn-sohn'), Sp.; creek in Bataan, Luzón, lat. 14° 36' 30" N., on NE. coast, near Luzón. mouth of Dáet Riy. SANTA (sahn'-tah), Sp.; pueblo of Ilocos Sur, - islands lying on strait of Basilan, off S.shore Luzón, on coast highway, 4 m. SE. of Vigan. Zamboanga, Mindanao, dividing that inter- sea thoroughfare between Célebes and Sulu Pop., 8,532. seas into two channels. Great Santa Cruz, on river of Ilocos Sur, Luzón, at N. mouth of E. part of that bank, is 1 m. long and il m. Abra Riv. wide, low and wooded. Little Santa Cruz SANTA ANA (sahn'-tah ah-nah), Sp.; pueblo in lies SW. of larger island, over 1 m. long and Pampanga, Luzón, 9m. NE. of Bacolor. 720 ft. wide. Pop., 6,132. - mountain hamlet in pueblo of Maláneg. - hamlet on l. bank of Ibajay Riv., in An SW. Cagayán, Luzón, on trail S. of Maláneg. tique, Panay, near Cápiz border. - hamlet in pueblo of Gapán, Nueva Ecija, - hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, 7 m. WNW. of Luzón. Dumálag. - point on W. side of Bohol, Visayas, lat. -pueblo in Rizal, Luzón, on 1. bank of Pasig 9° 51' 10" N. Riy., 3 m. SE. of Manila. Pop., 2,194. Health resort and center of extensive vegetable gar- - hamlet on N. coast of Negros Occidental, dening for markets of Manila. Under amend- 2 m. E. of Cádiz Nuevo. atory act of January 29, 1902, it was consti - extinct volcano, 4 m. E. of Calbiga, in SW. tuted new district of city of Manila. Sámar. - port, m. entrance, 11 m. deep, on W. coast - town in Pangasinan, Luzón. (See Alcalá.) of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay, 9 m. SW. of - river rising in S. central part of Laguna, Nagaba. Luzon, near Nagcarlang: flows N. and emp- - town on r. bank of Túbay Riv., outlet of tiez into Laguna de Bay at Santa Cruz, pro- Maynit Lake, 44 m., and 384 m. S. of Surigao, vincial capital. Mindanao. - hamlet on W. coast of Leyte, 4 m. S. of - pueblo, 8 m. inland, on l. bank of river in Palompon, Misamis, Mindanao, emptying on SE. shore - suburb of Manila City (q.v.). of Macajalar Bay, 15, m. NE. of Cagayan de Misamis. Pop., 881. - pueblo of Ilocos Sur, Luzón, on coast high- way 33 m. S. of Vigan and 75 m. N. of termi- river of Pampanga, Luzón, rising in pueblo nus of railway from Dagupan to Manila. of same name, and emptying into Betis or San Pop., 5,876. Fernando Riv. -- hamlet in mountains of Antique, Panay, SANTA ANA, or BULACÁN (sahn'-tah ah-nah, Sp.; 3 m. N. of Pandán. boo-lah-cahn', nat.); point on W. coast of Gui- marás I., SE. of Iloilo, Panay. - hamlet on r. bank of Grande de la Pam- panga Riv., in Pampanga, Luzon, 10 m. NE. SANTA BÁRBARA (sahn/-tah bar-bah-rah), Sp.; of Bacolor. pueblo on l. bank of Dagupan Riv., and at crossing of 2 roads 12 m. E. of Lingayen, Pan- town on E. coast of SE.peninsula of Surigao, gasinan, Luzón. Pop., 7,595. Mindanao, 12, m. N. of Tugubun Pt., and 205 - town on SW. point of Malamaui I., in chan- m. SSE. of Surigao. nel off NW. shore Basilan I., 3 m. across har- - pueblo on W. shore of Davao Gulf, Min- bor from Isabela de Basilan, off SW. peninsula danao, 147 m. SSW. of Dávao. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. -2 small islands off NE. coast of Sámal I., - pueblo midway between branch of Jani- separated by safe channel, N. waters of gulf paan Riv. on N. and Tigón Riy.on S., Iloilo, of Davao, Mindanao. Panay, 11 m. NNW. of Iloilo. Pop., 13,000. - point, anchorage, and river on coast of SANTA CATALINA (sahn'-tah cah-tah-lee'-nah), Zambales, Luzón, 28 m. N. of Iba. Sp.; pueblo on r. bank of N. mouth of Abra - pueblo on coast of Zambales, Luzón, at Riy., in Ilocos Sur, Luzón, 1 m. from Vigan. mouth of river of same name, 32 m. N. of Iba, Pop., 5,100. and on direct coast road to that capital, 3 m. SANTA CLARA (sahn/-tah clah'-rah), Sp.; hamlet S. of stream which empties into China Sea. in Iloilo, Panay, 4 m. SW. of San Miguel. Pop., 4,594. Lat. 15° 45' 41' N., lon, 119° 15' 3' E. SANTA CRUZ (sahn'-tah crooth), Sp.; port in SE. - island off NE. coast of Marinduque, be- angle of Dasol Bay, off Zambales, Luzon, near tween that island and Tugian Pt. and opposite Carman Pt.; used by coasters, approached by coast of Luzon. Tapián peak is landmark on Dos Hermanas Is. Point of this name is low main land. Island forms protection of harbor and covered with mangroves. Between this of refuge in those waters. and Arenas Pt., 64 m. to S., coast forms bay into which 3 rivers discharge. Collection of port and point on N. coast of Marinduque, off SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzon. Low and nipa huts in cocoanut grove lie along beach. covered with mangroves. - pueblo and capital of Laguna, Luzón, also p. 0.and m. o. station, on SE. shore of Laguna - island s. of Davao, Mindanao. de Bay. Connected with Batangas, Cavite, - town in district of Cayapa, N. Luzon. 820 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SANTA CRUZ; town in Tárlac, Luzón. | SANTA LUCÍA; village on bay forming on E. - rock off S. coast of Bulacan, Luzón, lat. 14° shore of Ibayat I., Batanes grp., off N. coast 45' N., in bay of Manila. of Cagayán, Luzón. SANTA CRUZ DE MALABÓN (sahn'-tah crooth SANTA MARGARITA (sahn'-tah mahr-gah-reel- day mah-lah-bohn'), Hisp.; pueblo in Cavite, tah), Sp.; hamlet in pueblo of Narvacán, Luzón, on 1. bank of Ilang-Ilang Riv., 8 m. Ilocos Sur, Luzón. SW. of Cavite, at intersection of branch road - pueblo on SW. coast of Sámar, 24 m. NW. from bay shore highway. Pop., 8,546. of Catbalogan. SANTA CRUZ DE MINDORO (sahn'-tah crooth day i SANTA MARÍA (sahn'-tah mah-ree'-ah), Sp.; meen-doh'-roh), Sp.; town on Talabasi Pt., on island off W. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, N. bank of Talabasi Riv., on W. coast of Min lat. 7° 32' 30' N., lon. 121° 59' 29" E. doro, 39 m. SW. by W. from Calapán. Pop., - hamlet of Negros Oriental, on small bay 51 300. m. N. of Jimalalud, E. coast. - pueblo in Mindoro. - pueblo on coast highway in Ilocos Sur, SANTA CRUZ DE NAPO (sahn'-tah crooth day Luzón; several cart roads lead to interior; 15 nah'-poh), Hisp.; pueblo on river of same m. SE. of Vigan and 198 m. NW. of Manila; name, 2 m. above its mouth, on N. shore of beautiful city, well built. Pop., 10,030. De- bay on NE. coast of Marinduque, off SW. coast cember 3, 1900, 2, 150 Katipunan insurrectos of Tayabas, Luzón, 57 m. E. of Calapán. Pop., surrendered here, took oath of allegiance to 15,797. U. S. - port (and town short distance inland) on - hamlet in Nueva Ecija, Luzón, on main NE. shore of Marinduque I., off SW. coast of road, 26 m. NW. of San Isidro. Tayabas, Luzón; affords good anchorage, but - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzón, 5 m. E. of offers few resources owing to sparse popula- Bacolor. tion. - pueblo in Pangasinán, Luzón. Pop., 3,939. SANTA ELENA (sahn'-tah ay-lay'-nah), Sp.; ham- - village on NE. shore of Ibayat I., Batanes let in SW. Sámar, on branch of Bagolibas Riv., 61 m. N. of Basey. grp., off N. coast of Cagayan, Luzón. - hamlet at head of NW. tributary of Bac- - town in SW. extreme of Zamboanga, Min- hao Bangahón Riv., central Sámar. danao, on l. bank of river 2 m. above its mouth, and 2. m. NW. by N. of Zamboanga. SANTA FÉ (sahn'-tah fay), Sp.; pueblo in Cebú. Pop., 2,200. Near r. bank of branch of Tumaga Pop., 3,102. Riv., which leaves that stream at Presa Mayor - hamlet in E. central Leyte, on r, bank of and flows S. direct to strait of Basilan. Malo Riv., on road between Palo, on coast, and - port on NW. shore of Zamboanga, Min- Alang-Alang, 6 m. W. of former town. danao; town of same name lies on S. side. - town on small bay on E. coast of Surigao, SANTA MARÍA DE CABOAN (sahn'-tah mah-reel- Mindanao, N. of Casoman Pt., 189 m. SSE. of ah day cah-boh'-ahn), Hisp.; pueblo in NW. Surigao. Laguna, Luzón, 13 m. due N. of Santa Cruz, - pueblo in Tablas I., Romblon grp., Visayas. 24 m. by road. Pop., 840. Pop. 1,751. SANTA MARÍA DE CARMIÑA, or MARÍA (sahn'- SANTA FLORENTINA (sahn'-tah floh-rayn-tee'- tah mah-ree'-ah day car-mee'-nyah, mah-reel- nah), Sp.; hamlet on E. coast of Sorsogon, ah), Sp.; town on E. coast of Siquijor, 32 m. Luzón. SSW. of Tagbilaran, Bohol, across sea chan- nel. Pop., 5,415. SANTA IGNACIA, or BINACO (sahn'-tah eeg-nah- SANTA MARÍA, or BIASONGAN (sahn-'tah mah- thyah, bee-nah'-coh), Sp.; pueblo on main ree'-ah, byah-sohng'-ahn), nat.; pueblo at road, il m. NW. of Tarlac, in Tárlac, Luzón. mouth of river in Zamboanga, Mindanao, Pop., 1,374. midway between Dulunguin and Bulangolan SANTA INÉS (sahn'-tah ee-ness'), Sp.; town in (Balangonan), 56 m, N. of Zamboanga. valley of Agusan, Surigao, Mindanao, 21 m. S. Port well sheltered, convenient for vessels of by E. of Butúan. good size. Shores are low and covered by forests of valuable woods, among them teak, - hamlet in pueblo of Bulacan, Bulacan, one of best for shipbuilding timbers. Luzón. SANTA MARÍA DE LUZÓN (sahn'-tah mah-reel- - in Rizal, Luzón. Contains iron mines. ah day loo-thohn'), Sp.; pueblo 9 m. E. of SANTA ISABEL (sahn'-tah ee-sah-bayl'), Sp.; pue- Ilagan, Isabela, Luzón. Pop., 2,607. blo in Bulacan, Luzón, 4 m. NW. of Bulacán, SANTA MARÍA DE MAYAN (sahn-tah mah-ree'- also on Manila and Dagupan R.R. Pop., 8,125. ah day mah'-yahn), Hisp.; pueblo in Batanes - town on 1. shore of river rising in Matutun Is., off N. coast Cagayan, Luzón. Pop., 1,855. Mts. and flowing in NE. direction, empties into Casilaran Bay, on W. shore of Davao Gulf, SANTA MARÍA DE PANDI (sahn-tah mah-ree'-ah day pahn'-dee), Hisp.; pueblo in Bulacán, Dávao, Mindanao, 35 m. SSW. of Dávao. Luzon, 6 m. NE. of Bulacán. Pop., 10,508. SANTA JUSTA (sahn'-tah hoos'-tah), Sp.; hamlet SANTA MATILDE (sahn'-tah mah-till-day), Sp.; on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 2 m. N. of Tibiao. mineral spring in Sibul, San Miguel de Mayu- mo, Bulacan, Luzón. SANTA LUCÍA (sahn'-tah loo-theel-ah), Sp.; ham- SANTA MÓNICA (sahn/-tah moh'-nee-cah), Sp.; let in pueblo of Arayat, Pampanga, Luzón. hamlet at mouth of river emptying into bay - hamlet in pueblo of Calumpit, Bulacan, NW. of Knob I., NE. coast of Paragua, Pala- Luzón. wan. Table range 1,230 ft. high rises to NW. - hamlet in pueblo of Angat, Bulacan, Luzón. - hamlet on small bay abreast of Íloc I., - river in Ilocos Sur, Luzón, taking SW. and under East Peak. Grove of cocoanut course, passes pueblo of same name and emp trees 21 m. N. by E. of Taytay, Paragua, Pa- ties on W. coast. lawan. Pop., 150. -- hamlet in Bulacán, Luzón, 22 m. N. of Bu - 2 hamlets, one 2, m. W., other 2 m. SW. of lacán. Cuartero, N. central Cápiz, Panay. - pueblo on coast highway in Ilocos Sur, Lu — hamlet on one of outlets of Grande de la zón, 30 m, S. of Vigan. Pop., 7,113. Pampanga Riv., in Bulacan, Luzón, 114 m. - hamlet on r. bank of Grande de la Pam- NW.of Bulacán, in boundary with Pampanga. panga Riv., in Pampanga, Luzón, 13 m. NE. - hamlet in S. Pampanga, Luzón, near Pam- of Bacolor. panga delta, 3 m. SE. of Bacolor. 24 Food MARINDUQUE ISLAND uncovered at SANTA CRUZ HARBOR From a recours e in Detaber 1930, by the officers of the US. Bennington Commandes CI Axud US . Commanding Marindugu. Mange har 3290 Lt 122' OS SANTA CRUZ 1s 1 AN som sa con 12 16 57 Μ Α R Ι Ν Ο Τ Ο Π Ε Ι S Ι Α Ν D. S Doc 2 80 57 1 THE NORRIS PETER CO, PHOTO-LITHO, WASHINGTON D GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 821 Balangona PP MINDANAO 1. PORT OF STA MARIA Survoyed under tho direction of Captain Claudio Montero, Spanish Nans 1862. Fort Lat.7:45'4'N. Long 122:6 48°E. VARIATION NEARLY L 19'0902) .STATIONARY 16 15 15 Beacon 30 an role & Sio mario. * Balanquin Pt Nautical Mile TINCISORIOS 822 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SANTANDER (sahn-tahn-dayr'), Sp.; pueblo on SANTIAGO; island off Bolinao, at extreme N. end extreme s. coast of Cebú, 5 m. across sea of Zambales, Luzon, which here forms penin- channel NE. of Sibulan, 72, m. SW. of Cebú; sula between Lingayen Gulf and China Sea, also on N. shore of entrance to Tañón Strait, 4 by 3 m. greatest dimensions, and within 1 between Cebú and Negros Oriental. Pop., m. from mainland. 4,686. - town in Unión, Luzón. - hamlet of Negros Occidental, 1 m. SE. of - mountain in Romblon I., Romblon grp., Inayauan. Visayas. - hamlet on W. coast of Panay, in extreme - mountain in Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. SW. point of Cápiz, 2 m. NE. of Pucia Pt. - cape, SW. extremity of Batangas, Luzon, SANTANTANGU (sahn-tahn-tahn'-goo), ver.; point and W. entrance to Balayári Bay, wooded on W. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, lat. 70 and high. 7' N., lon. 124° 13' 39'' E., shore of Illana Bay. - point, SW. extremity of Luzon in Batangas. SANTA PAZ Y SANTA EULALIA (sahn-tah path ee Vessels turn E. through strait between Luzón sahn'-tah ayoo-lah'-lyah), Šp.; hamlet 6 m. N. and Visayas Islands S. From this point N. by E. of Salubu, in Cotabato, Mindanao, Taal volcano may be seen towering over plain on N. coast of Illana Bay. of Batangas and to S. thickly wooded rock- SANTA RITA (sahn-tah ree'-tah), Sp.; mountain bound coast of Mindoro I. on W. boundary of Bataan with Zambales, - bay and village 27 m. S. of San Esteban, Luzón. Ilocos Sur, Luzón. - hamlet in Bulacan, Luzón, 4 m. NW. of | SANTICON (sahn-tee-cohn'), ver.; mountain ham- Bulacán. let in Cordillera Central, Cebu, between head- - hamlet on NE. shore of Subic Bay, in Zam- waters of Simila and Ormal Rivs. bales, Luzón. SANTILLANA (sahn-tee-lyah'-nah), Sp.; town 5 - pueblo in Pampanga, Luzón, 2 m. W. of m. inland from w. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, 114 m. SW. of Dávao. Bacolor. Pop., 7,359. - pueblo of importance on N. shore of San SANTO ÁNGEL (sahn'-toh ahn'-hayl), Sp.; ham- Juanico Strait, SW. Sámar, 22 m. SSE. of Cat- let in Cápiz, Panay, 11 m. N. of Dumálag. balogan. Pop., 4,394. SANTO CATANGBAAN (sahn'-ton cah-tahng-bah'- - town in Laguna, Luzón. ahn), ver.; hamlet in E. Leyte, 13 m. SE. of Tabontabon. - town in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. SANTO CRISTO (sahn'-toh crees-toh), Sp.; ham- SANTA ROSA (sahn/-tah roh -sah), Sp.; pueblo let in Nueva Ecija, Luzon, on main road S. on main road on l. bank of Grande de la Pam- to Manila, 4 m. SE. of San Isidro. panga Riv., in Nueva Ecija, Luzon, 73 m. N. -- hamlet in Bulacan, Luzon, 6 m. NE. of of San Isidro. Pop., 4,324. Bulacán. - mountain in W. Bataan, Luzón, overlook- SANTO DOMINGO (sahn'-toh doh-meen'-goh), ing Binanga Bay. Sp.; hamlet in W. Laguna, Luzon, near Cavite - hamlet in Abra, Luzón, 6 m. SE. of Ban boundary, on Lavibian Riv. gued. - hamlet on W. shore of Manila Bay, in - pueblo in Laguna, Luzon, on W. shore of Bataan, Luzón, 4 m. SE. of Bataan, Laguna de Bay, 21 m. E. of Santa Cruz, across - pueblo of Ilocos Sur, Luzón, on coast road bay, 29 m. by road. Pop., 9,434. 6 m. N. of Vigan. Pop., 8,931. - hamlet 24 m. SE. of Murcia, Negros Occi - pueblo in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. dental. - bay on Batán I., of Batanes grp., off N. - summit 680 ft. high, at N. end of Ibayat I., coast Cagayán, Luzón. Batanes grp., off N. coast Cagayán, Luzon. - point in Ilocos Norte, Luzón. - village on N. shore of Ibayat I., Batanes SANTO DOMINGO DE BASCO (sahn'-toh doh- grp., off N. shore Cagayán. Luzon. meen'-goh day bahs'-coh); capital and pueblo - stream entering Port San Jacinto, E. shore of Batanes Is., off N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón, of Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. on Batán I., on NW. shore at foot of Mt. SANTA TERESA (sahn'-tah tay-ray'-sah), Sp.; in- Irada. Land in vicinity is picturesque. Buildings are also of better class. Pop., 2,652. land hamlet of Negros Occidental, 2. m. NE. Good anchorage in Santo Domingo Bay, off of La Carlota. N. point. - hamlet of Negros Occidental, on r. shore SANTO GAMSÁN (sahn'-toh gahm-sahn'), yer.; of Maao tributary of Lagusan Riv., 16 m. hamlet in Pacantan, 2 m. SW. of Malitbog, ENE. of Valladolid. Leyte. SANTIAGO (sahn-tyah'-goh), Sp.; hamlet in Ca- SANTO GUISGUÍS (sahn'-toh gees-gees'), ver.; vite, Luzón, 19 m. S. of Cavite. hamlet in pueblo of Lucena, Tayabas, Luzón, -pueblo at head of bay of that name and on near Guisguís. coast highway, 20 m. S. of Vigan, in Ilocos SANTO GUISI (sahn'-toh gee'-see), ver.; hamlet Sur, Luzón. Pop.. 4,087. on SW. coast of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay, - town on 1. bank of Túbay Riv., 3 m. S. of at SW. terminus of W. coast road, 16 m. SW. outlet of Lake Maynit, Surigao, Mindanao, 35 of Nagaba. m. S. of Surigao. SANTOL (sahî-tohl'), tag.; hamlet in Cavite, - town 5 m. inland on 1. bank of river enter Luzon, on ſlang-Ilang Riy, and road, 9 m. S. ing sea on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 188 of Cavite. m. SSE. of Surigao. - hamlet in Pampanga, Luzon, 8 m. E. of town on NW. shore of Davao Gulf, 27 m. Bacolor. NE. of Dávao, in Dávao, Minandao. SANTOLAN (sahn-toh-lahn), Tag.; hamlet and hamlet on main road in Nueva Ecija, mineral spring near Pásig, Rizal, Luzón. Luzón, 13 m. NNW. of San Isidro. SANTO NIÑO (sahn'-toh neel-nyoh), Sp.; hamlet - islet off E. face of Cadlao I., NW. coast of in central Pampanga, Luzón, 7 m. NW. of Paragua, Palawan. Bacolor. - hamlet on one of outlets of Grande de la - hamlet on main road 2 m. off 1. bank of Grande de la Pampanga Riv., 11 m. ENE. of Pampanga Riv., 10 m. WNW. of Bulacan, in Bacolor. Bulacán, Luzón. - hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, on r, bank of pueblo of Cagayán, Luzon. Pop., 2891. river emptying into Iloilo Strait at Iloilo, 31 town in Pangasinan, Luzon. m. below pueblo in Sámar. Pop., 4,918. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 823 SANTO DOMINGO Enlarged 28 WM ONS 36 tel 56 13 42 12 29 36 2017 23 8 56 26 2010 25 20 77 25 Toumoulunga m Chaguier 18162 824 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SANTOR (sahn-tohr), Tag.; pueblo in E. Nueva SAN VICENTE; anchorage and landing place for Ecija, Luzón, 25 m. NE. of San Isidro, in val town of Ibana (Ivana), on W. shore of Batán ley between Sierra Madre Mts. and Grande I., Batanes grp., off N. shore of Cagayán, Lu- de la Pampanga Riv. Pop., 2,921. zón; exposed to N. winds. - river tributary to Grande de la Pampanga SAN VICENTE DE SAPTÁN (sahn vee-thayn'-tay Riy. day sap-tahn'), Hisp.; town on Sabtán I., Batanes grp., off N. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. SANTO TINUSLUCAN (sahn'-toh tee-noos-loo'- People engaged in fishing and limited agri- cahn), ver.; hamlet in SW. part of Guimaras culture. Pop. 1898, 1,753. I., off Iloilo, Panay, 14. m. SSW. of Nagaba. SAN VÍCTOR (sahn veek'-tor), Sp.; town on E. SANTO TOMÁS (sahn-toh toh-mahs'), Sp.; hamlet coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 41 m. S. of in Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. NE. of Otón. Bagoso Pt., 168 m. SSE. of Surigao - hamlet on 1. bank of Abra Riv., 10 m. SE. - hamlet in E. Leyte, 5 m. SW. of Tolosa. of Bangued, in Abra, Luzón. SANZ (sahnth), Sp.; island, 1; m. long and I m. - pueble at junction of several roads in Pam- wide, about 1 sq. m. in area, in W. entrance, panga, Luzón, 4 m. E. of Bacolor, on Manila which it nearly fills, of Candaraman inlet, and Dagupan R. R. Pop., 4,321. N. shore of Balábac I., Balábae grp., off SW. - pueblo in N. Batangas, Luzón, 33 m. N. of point of Palawan. Batangas, capital, on main road from that SAOB (sah-ohb'), ver.; extinct volcano on E. shore place to Manila, and near boundary between Panaón I., inland from Quinanad Pt., off SE. Batangas and Laguna. Pop., 10,769. coast Leyte. - pueblo in Unión, Luzón, at head of port of SAOIT (sah-oh'-eet), ver.; mountain in pueblo of that name on coast highway, 22 m. S. of San Bangui, Ilocos Norte, Luzon, W. of Nagpar- Fernando; connected with neighboring tían. towns by good roads. Pop., 6,481. SAPA (sah'-pah), nat.; hamlet on small penin- - point on extreme NW. coast of Mindoro. sula, on 1. of entrance to Putiao port, SW. (See Monte, del, Pt.) coast Sorsogon, Luzon, 19 m. SSW. of Albay. - hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 10 m. Wsw. of - small river in Ambos Camarines, Luzón, Miagao, and 4 m. NW. of San Joaquín. emptying into Buhi Lake at its E. angle. - port and point on coast of Unión, Luzón, - inland lake, fed by mountain streams of inland from small bay, formed by point of Cagayán Sulu, Sulu A., and without outlet, # same name; coast high and steep-to. Coun- m. N. of Jiwata, W. of 3 lakes on S. shore. try to S. is low and fertile, and produces SAPÂ, or SAN ANTONIO (sah-pah', nat.; sahn rice, maize, indigo, sugar cane, cotton, and ahn-toh'-nyoh, Sp.); hamlet on SW. coast of nipa wine. Sorsogon, Luzón, 1 m. NW. of Dumaguit Pt., - peak in mountains of Unión, Luzón, 7,418 entrance to Putiao port. ft. high. (See Santo Tomás port.) SAPAC (sah-pack'), Tag.; river in pueblo of Lipá, - point in Marinduque I. Batangas, Luzón. SAN VICENTE (sahn vee-thayn'-tay), Sp.; hamlet SAPÁN (sah-pahn'), nat.: river in Albay, Luzón, in W. Leyte, on r. bank of river emptying rising on E. slope of Mt. Isarog, and emptying into sea at Baybay, 4 m. W. into sea N. of pueblo Tigaon, Ambos Cama- rines, Luzon. - hamlet in SE. part of Pampanga, Luzon, 65 m, SE. of Bacolor. - hamlet in Cavite, Luzón, on S. shore of entrance to Manila Bay. - island between N. extreme of NW. penin- SÁPANG-MAÍNIT (sah' - pahng mah -ee' - neet), sula of Cagayán, Luzon, and Palaui I. Tag., mineral spring in Pantabangan, Nueva - hamlet in Ambos Camarines, Luzón, on r. Ecija, Luzón. bank of Laro Riv., 6 m. NW. of Dáet. Pop., 1,325. SAPAO (sah-pah-oh), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, Pa- - pueblo on coast in Ilocos Sur, Luzón, 3 m. nay, 1m. SSE. of Dumangas. NW. of Vigan. Pop., 5,237. - pueblo on extreme NW. coast of Siargao I., Off NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 42 m. - hamlet in Nueva Ecija. Luzón, 11 m. NW. NE. by E. of Surigao. Hill in main range of of San Isidro. island, 620 ft. high, overlooks town. Between - hamlet on gulf road, w. shore of Tabaco this port and Cakut, on W. coast, is cluster of Bay, Albay, Luzón, 12 m. N. of Albay. low islands and several rocks. Pop., 1,300. - hamlet on r. bank of Bicol Riv. after leav - port on NW. shore of Siargao I., off NE. ing Buhi Lake and Ambos Camarines (Sur), coast of Surigao, Mindanao. Luzón. - hamlet on E. shore of extreme SE. Sámar, - hamlet in extreme SE. corner of Ambos 3 m. SE. of Mercedes. Camarines (Sur), Luzón, near boundary of -- pueblo in Quiangán, N. Luzón. Albay, at headwaters of W. branch of Buhi Riy., 32 m. SE. of Nueva Cáceres. SAPATAN (sah-pah'-tahn), ver.; island of S. -- hamlet in W. part of Cápiz, Panay, 31 m. Batanes Is., off N. Coast Cagayán, Luzón; island of Ibugos lies on W. SW. of Jagnaya. SAPENITAN (sah-pay-nee'-tahn), ver.; point in town on 1. bank of Agusan Riv., in Surigao, Mindanao, 3 m. N. of Butúan and 64 m. š. of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. Surigao. SAPIÁN (sah-pyahn'), ver.; large bay on N. -port 30 m. E. by N. of Aparri, N. coast of coast of Cápiz, Panay. (See Camansi Bay.) Cagayán, Luzón, formed by small island of - pueblo in Cápiz, Panay. Pop., 4,863. same name lying between NE. end of Luzon SAPINDÍN (sah-peen-deen'), nat.; village E. shore and adjacent island of Palaui, sheltered from Siasi I., Sulu A. all winds. SAPINIT (sah-pee-nit'), nat.; hamlet 3 m. S. of island, sq. m. in area, in SW. entrance to Gándara, in central Sámar. channel between Palaui I. and NW. Pen. of Cagayán, Luzón, on SE. SAPIO (sah'-pyoh), ver.; point in E. Luzon. - hamlet in Albay, Luzón, 18 m. NW. of SAPIT (sah-pit), nat.; mountain in Unión, Albay. Luzón. - town on Sabtán I., of Batanes grp., off N. SAPO (sah'-poh), Sp.; river in Sorsogón, Luzón, coast of Cagayán, Luzón; people engaged in lat. 12° 55' N., emptying into sea on S. coast. fishing and limited agriculture. Pop., 1,935. ! - port in S. Mindanao. 120°20' 1. Uz PHU.IPPINE Mani ISLANDS TO TOMAS 4248 CVEY TREASURY DEPARTMENT PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Casantaan LUZÓN, WEST COAST PORT SANTO TOMAS LINGAYEN GULF Scale 20700 151 Survey by the U. S.Coast and Geodetic Survey May 1901 Nautical La Kilometer 379 38 361 20 2 22 30 NORS PETERS CO PHOTO-LITHO, WASHINGTON DC S Doc 280 571 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 825 C.ENGANO 23 Gran Laja I. Hermanos I! (20 ft): (P.D.) 11. 271.ey. 30 sec PALADI, T Escucha I. (high & wooded) ouchalen 15 17 17 17 16 23 Pescarpada O Rodal.(lowa wooded nte Laja TFlieno ED.) / Puerto P. bigh & wooded Crack for entering 534 See chart No.1924 Palani PORT S.VINCENTE CAPE ENGANO By Liem. Claudio Montero 18 Scale of Sea Miles 10 Cables 826 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SAPOC (sah-pawk'), Tag.; river in Luzon, near SARIAYAN MALAQUÍ (sah-reeah'-yahn mah-lah- boundary between Batangas and Tayabas. key'), Tag.; river with its NW. tributary SAPOLÁ (sah-poh-lah'), nat.; hamlet in central emptying into Tayabas Bay, SE. Tayabas, Pampanga, Luzón, 7 m. N. of Bacolor. Luzón. SAPONGA, or MAÍNIT (sah-pohng'-ah, mah-ee'- SARIPARÁ (sah-ree-pah-rah'), ver.; hamlet on r. neet), nat.; lake in NE. Mindanao. branch of tributary of Pulangui Riv., Cota- SAPU (sah'-poo), ver.; hamlet at mouth of river bato, Mindanao, 29 m. E. by N. of Cotabato. entering Sarangani Bay on SE. shore Dávao, | SARMIENTO (sar-myayn'-toh), Sp.; one of points Mindanao, 89 m. S. of Dávao. of entrance to Calandorang Bay, E. shore of Balábac I., off SW. point of S. Palawan. - river entering Sarangani Bay on E. shore, S. coast of Davao, Mindanao. SARMIENTO, or PUERTO DEL PRÍNCIPE AL- FONSO (sar-myayn'-toh, pwayr'-toh dayl SAPÚAN (sah-pool-ahn), ver.; hamlet in Benguet, preen'-thee-pay ahl-fohn'-soh), Sp.; point on Luzón, 3m. N. of Trinidad. Pop., 214. N. head to Calandorang Bay, Balábac I., off SAPUNPATAY (sah-poon-pah-tie'), Tag.; hamlet SW. point of S. Palawan, opposite Espina Pt., in Bulacán, Luzon, 11 m. NE. of Bulacan. S. head. SARA (sah'-rah), Sp.; pueblo in E. Concepción, SARRAT (sah-rraht), ver.; hamlet of Ilocos Norte, Iloilo, Panay, 2 m. NW. of Concepción. Pop., Luzon, on r. bank of Pagsán Riv., 5 m. above 10,950. Laoag. SARAHARAS (sah-rah-hah'-ras), ver.; hamlet at SARÚ (sa h-roo'), ver.; river on E. coast of Sámar. NW. head waters of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., (See Suribao.) central Sámar. SASÁ (sah-sah'), nat.: island between Mantabuan SARANGANI (sah-rahn-gah'-nee), ver.; extinct and Banaran Is., SE. of Tawi Tawi I., Tawi volcano in island of Balut Grande, largest of Tawi grp., Sulu A. Sarangani grp., 6 m. from S. point of Minda SASAÍGAN (sah-sah-ee'-gahn), nat.; point at ex- nao. Has elevation 3,100 ft. Seen from NW. treme N. end of Lugbung I., W. of Romblon it appears to have 2 peaks. In extreme SW. grp., Visayas. of island another smaller volcanic peak. SATANÁS (sah-tah-nahs'), Sp.; rock in Surigao - cluster of islands 94 m. off extreme S. coast Strait, in channel opening E. between Diná- of Davao, Mindanao, separated from main- gat and Mindanao. land by Sarangani Strait, 104 m. wide. Balut, area 42 sq. m.; Olanivan, area sq.m.; Saran- SATÉLITE (sah-tay'-lee-tay), Sp.; peak 3,261 ft. gani (Little Balut), area 25 sq. m.; unnamed, high, in Tondido elevations, on extreme NW. area m.; 2 largest islands are separated by coast of Mindanao. deep channel 2 m. wide. SATIOLDKIT (sah-tee-ohld-kit), ver.; cluster of - bay on S. coast of Davao, Mindanao, open- 4 islands on SW. end of outlying chain of ing 94 m. between Bulaluan and Sumban Pts. Basilan grp., off SW. Zamboanga Pen., Min- and 174 m. deep to NE. Light on S. side of danao. mouth of Glan Masilá Riy, entering bay. SATIPIT (sah-tee-pit'), Tag.; river of Cavite, Lu- Bight on coast line affords convenient an zón, flowing to NE. and emptying into La- chorage. W. coast is arid, plains to NW. and guna de Bay. N. covered with cogon and abound in deer. SAU (sah'-00), ver.; bay on Sw.coast of Daram I., Volcano of Matutum lies 22 m. N., is very off W. coast Sámar. high, and can be seen at great distance. SAUAHÓN (sa h-wah-hohn'), ver.; point on W. - strait between islands of that name, on S., shore of deep estuary on S. coast of Leyte, 2 and S. peninsula of Dávao, Mindanao, 8! m. m. N. of Malitbog. wide and 14 m. long. SAUAN (sah'-wahn), ver.; point and river in Am- - S. cape of Mindanao. (See Tinaca Pt.) bos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. -point on SW. shore of Sarangani I., off SE. SAUANG, or QUIRAMALIGAN, or KINAMALIGAN coast of Mindanao. (sah-wahng', key-rah-mah-lee'-gahn, key- SARANGANI, or BALUT PARIDO (Little Balut), nah-mah-lee'-gahn), nat.; island separated (sah-rahn-gah'-nee, bah-loot' pah-ree'-doh), from Birí I., N. coast of Sámar, by deep and ver.; E. island of Sarangani Is., 84 m. SE. wide channel with strong current; 1 m. off of mainland of Davao, Mindanao, separated mainland. Anchorage in channel from 10 to from Balut I. (W) by channel 4 m. wide; 7 15 fms., with another good anchorage in cove m. N. and S. and 4 m. wide; area 25 sq. m. W. of above passage, with 10 ft. to 5 fms., pro- Of volcanic formation, 820 ft. high. Conspic tected in NE, monsoon and safe in SW. uous mark on S. side of Sarangani Strait, SAÚD (sah-ood'), ver.; bay S. of Dialao Pt., on composed of small undulating hills 490 to 820 NW. coast of Ilocos Norte, Luzón. ft. high covered with vegetation; 3 sheltered creeks on W. coast. Hamlets of Patucu and SAUL (sah-ool'), Sp.; hamlet of Pangasinan, Lu- Tumanao are on NW. shore. zón, lat. 16° 6' N., lon. 120° 6' 29", on SW. part of port of that name. Frequent commu- SARAP (sah-rahp'), nat.; mountain inland, N. of nication with Manila. point of that name, SE. coast of S. Palawan. - port 2 m. S. of Cabalitían, on Lingayen - point on SE. coast of S. Palawan, opposite Gulf, Pangasinan, Luzón, l m. long and Pirate I. broad, and has iron light-house. Coal and water are supplied to vessels. Ruins of an- SARAPSAP (sah-rahp-sahp'), nat.; town near cient watchtower, possibly against Chinese Lingayén Gulf shore of Zambales, Luzon, 58 pirates, stands near by. Beside Port Saúl are m. N. of Iba. Pop., 7,142. several villages on its shores and old fort on - cluster of islands S. of Zamboanga, Min Portuguesa Pt. danao. SAUNIT (sah-oo-neat'), ver.; mountain in Ilocos SARASAN (sah-rah-sahn), ver.; hamlet in W. Sur, Luzón. Sámar, 8 m. NNW. of Catbalogan. SAURAS (sah'-00-rahs), Sp.; point in Cacraray I., SE. of Luzón. SARAVIA (sah-rah-vyah), Sp.; pueblo of Negros Occidental, on r. bank of Malalag Grande | SAUT (sah'-oot), ver.; river in Ilocos Norte, Lu- Riv., 2 m. inland from E. shore of Guimarás zón; flows SSW. through pueblo of Pidigan, Strait, 14 m. N. of Bacolod, and 281 m. NE. of emptying into Laoag Riv. Iloilo, Panay. Pop., 15,304. SÁVIT (sah'-vit), ver.; point on NW.coast of Ilo- SARIAYA (sah-reeah'-yah), Tag.: pueblo of Taya- cos Norte, Luzón, lat. 18° 34' 10" N. bas, Luzon, on road from Tayabas, capital, to SAYAHAN (sah-yah'-hahn), nat.; S. tributary of Tiaong, 6 m. SW. of the former. Pop., 6,960. Toboso Riv., NE. coast of Negros Occidental. PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO MINDANAO ISLAND SARANGANI ISLANDS AND ADJACENT COAST From a Sparish survey in 1874 Bal Perido Tai Po Lat. 5 2836 N.Long 126 26 37 E. tulan Cove derye Sila SOUNDINGS AND HEIGHTS IN FELT Cecarald St stone Cort (салаларни та SOUTH COAST OF MINDANAO Camalian Cove way fincepanga Pt Gua) P Liman Txmlry an Cove Bayue v rear Buklak. Co C. Sarangani or Daske Pt ale and Malawi Umarmu Ostan ) MIATION Tis TATRY Batalys BALUT PARIDO OR SARANGANI I. labout 820 feet higi Tashatra Lant end Inchorage Volcano Denguil Babe BALUT ISLAND BALUT MASILA) Tepando Pt utice ETERS CO PHOTO UIT S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 827 SEeeNo= SAYAO (sah-yah-oh), Tag.; creek in Marinduque, | SEMENTERAS (say-mayn-tay-rahs), Sp.; hamlet off SW. coast Tayabas, Luzón. on 1. bank of Balolo Riv., NW. shore of Port SAYBAY (sigh-by'), nat.; hamlet on 1. bank of Usón, S. coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., in NW. Sámar. grp., between Paragua, Palawan, and Min- doro. SCOLT, for.; point at head of small bay at S. end of Bay of Islands, E. coast of S. Palawan. - village near mouth of Balolo Riv., on S. SEAN (say'-ahn), ver.; cluster of islands of Cuyos shore of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., be- grp., Mindoro Sea. tween Paragua, Palawan, and Mindoro. SEBASTE (say-bahs'-tay), Sp.; hamlet on E. coast - yillages on E. shore of Dipulao port, S. of Guimarás I., Iloilo, Panay, 11, m. SE. of coast Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., between Nagaba. Paragua, Palawan, and Mindoro. - pueblo on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 59 SEMERARA (say-may-rah'-rah), ver.; group of 8 m. N. of San José de Buenavista. Pop., 3,676. high islands and isolated islets and rocks in lat. 12° N., lon. 121° 25' E., 94 m. across sea SEBOLLA (say-boh -lyah) (means onion), Sp.; channel SE. of Buruncan, extreme S. point point on Laguna de Bay, Laguna, Luzón, lat. of Mindoro, and 831 m. S. by E. of Calapán, 14° 20' N. (Also Cebolla.) SECAM (say-cahm'), ver.; low, narrow island 1 m. Islands. long, between S. Palawan and Balábac grp., with trees, 100 ft. high, situated in W. en Caluya .. trance of N. Balábac Strait, and separated Libagao.... from Cape Disaster by Bate channel 18 m. Nagubat.. wide. Panagatan.. SECUBUN, or SECUBAN (say-coo'-boon, say-cool- Sibay............. bahn), ver.; low island SE. of Tawi Tawi I., Semerara ............. Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A., 48 m., forming N. Sibatón............ side of Paragua channel. Inhabitants famous Sibolon divers for pearl shell in surrounding waters; reach great depths. Total ....... 60 SEGÍAN (say-heel-ahn), nat.; island off SE. coast These islands lie in sea channel between of Palawan, in opening of San Antonio Bay; Mindoro, 9j m. NW., and Panay (Pacio or lee of W. Segían 1. affords shelter during NĖ. Pusio Pt.), 314 m. E. by S., where it unites monsoon. with Mindoro Štrait from NW. and passes into SEGUINON (say-gee-nohn'), ver.; mountain in Joló or Mindoro Sea, leaving Cuyos grp. on extreme SE. Sámar, 5 m. ENE. of Quinapun- SW. Inhabitants (Visayans) are daring fish- dan. ermen, cruising among islands in pursuit of turtle and trepang. Pop., 500. SEGUT (say-goot'), ver.; bay on E. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao, in N. waters of - island 10 by 41 m. in Sulu Sea, largest of Polloc Harbor; village lies on W. side. group of that name, 16 m. SE. of Buruncan Pt., Mindoro; hilly, about 512 ft. at highest - village on W. side of that bay in Polloc point. W. coast includes several little bays, Harbor, E. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, almost entirely obstructed by reefs off town Mindanao. of Semerara, on W. coast, which stands on - bay, town on its NE. shore, and river 1 m. top of hill N. shore facing largest bay. An- E., emptying on NE. shore of Polloc Harbor, chorage is bad even for coasters. E. coast is Cotabato, Mindanao. bordered by reef, and from N. must not be SEGYAM (say-hee-ahm'), ver.; point on N. side of approached within 3 m. until town bears full entrance to San Antonio Bay, SE. coast of W., anchorage S. of island in 5 to 8 fms. dur- S. Palawan. ing NE. monsoon. Good coal for steaming - 2 low islands connected with shore at NE. purposes found on this island. point of Rocky Bay, SE. coast of Palawan. - hamlet, top of hill, on N. shore of bay on (See Sejan Is.) W. coast of Semerara I. Pop., 189. SEJAN (say'-hahn), nat.; cluster of islets off point SEMUTU (say-mool-too), nat.; village and point of same name, off N. entrance head to San An on E. shore of Siasi 1 , Tapul grp., Sulu A. tonio (Rocky) Bay, SE. coast Palawan. SENARANGAN (say-nah-rahng'-ahn), ver.; moun- - point, N. head to San Antonio (Rocky) Bay, tain in extreme SE. Sámar, 1 m. N. of Quina- SE. coast Palawan. pundan. SEKELAPIT (say-kay-lah-pit), nat.; pt. on sw. aw SENITO COLOCONTO (say - neel. toh coh-loh - islet off Balanguingui I., of that group, Sulu A. cohn'-toh), Hisp.; inlet on sw. shore of Taya- SELIM (say-lim'), ver.; islet 2, m. NW. of Lapac, bas Bay, Batangas, Luzón. SEPANGOW (say-pahn-go), ver.; bay 51 m. NE. of m. long, 153 ft. high, in approach to Siasi town of that island, from Lapae, Tapul grp., Cape Siacle, with a deep inlets, on sw. coast Sulu A. of S. Palawan. SELUM (say-loom'), ver.; island, Sulu grp., Sulu SEPARACION (say-pah-rah-thyohn'), Sp.; point A. and bar on E. coast of Palawan and N. head of bight fronted by chain of islands. Town of SELUÑGAN (say-loong'-ahn), ver.; point on N. Aboabo lies at s. end. coast of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. SEPULCRO (say-pool'-croh), Sp.: island on ap- SEMARUGA (say-mah-roo'-gah), ver.; point on N. proach to Tagbayug Bay, W. coast of S. Pala- e side of entrance to Carromata Bay, NW. shore wan. of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. SEQUI (sayl-key), ver.; town in Cápiz, Panay. SEMBA (saym-bah), nat.; creek enters 1. bank of °17 m. from Capiz, connected by highroads S. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotaba- with Dao, Mambusao, and Ivisan. to, Mindanao. SEMBRANO (saym-brah'-noh), Sp.; highest moun- SERAOBOON (say-rah-oh-boh-ohn), ver.; one of tain on peninsula of Laguna. Sides are over- islands of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A., lat. 5° grown with grass, affording pasturage for 6' N. herds of buffaloes, bullocks, and wild horses. SERRALLO (say-rrah-lyoh), Sp.; hamlet in Iloilo, SEMENEBLÉN (say-may-nay-blayn'), ver.; moun Panay, 3 m. SSW. of Anilao. tain in SE. Ilocos Norte, Luzón, in which sev- eral fountain tributaries of Grande de Laoag SEVILLA (say-veel-lyah), Sp.; pueblo in sw. Riy. have their rise. Boundary between Ilo- Bohol, 13 m. NE. of Tagbilaran. Pop., 5,920. cos Norte and Abra follows line of this spur - pueblo on coast highway, 27 m. 8. of Vigan, of Cordillera Central to SW. in Ilocos Sur, Luzon. Pop., 1,133. 828 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SEVILLA; town on r. bank of Pulangui Riv., at W. extreme of great bend in stream, in E. Misamis, Mindanao, 37 m. S. by E. of Cagayan de Misamis. SEXMOÁN (sex-moh-ahn'), ver.; hamlet in Pam- panga, Luzon. - pueblo in Pampanga, Luzon, between 2 of NW. channels of Pampanga delta, 5 m. SW. of Bacolor. Pop., 7,969. SHADWELL, for.; island at entrance of inlet abreast of Pali I., NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan, 1, m. off shore. SHARK'S FIN, for.; large bay on NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. (See Aletas de Tiburón.) - range of Mountains. 1.680 ft. high, in Para- gua, Palawan, between Taytay Bay and Ba- quit Bay, so named on account of sharp peaks on summit. SHARP, for.; peak near shore of Eran Bay, SW. coast of S. Palawan. (See Sallekan Peak.) SHARP PEAK, for.; summit 1,630 ft. high, inland from NW. shore of Shark's Fin Bay, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. SHARP SHOULDER, for.; peak 1,680 ft. high, NW. of Polarican, on W. shore Taytay Bay, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. SHELL, for.; island 3 m. N. of Johnson I., be- tween it and Barbacán, in Green Islands Bay, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. SHIRT, for.; point on W. coast of Paragua, Pala- wan, 88 m. NE. of Peñascosa Pt. SÍA (see-'ah), nat.; mountain in central Cápiz, Panay, 10 m. W. of Tapas. SIACLE see-ah'-clay), ver.; wooded cape 21 m. N. of Alimudin Pt., forming N. extremity of Camip, n Bay, SW. coast of S. Palawan. SIALO (see-ah-low), ver.; point on SW. coast of Cebú; lat. 9° 44' N. SIANAN (see-ah-nahn). ver.: town near W. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, 11 m. SE. of Cotabato. SIANIB (see-ah-nib'), ver.; town on r. bank of river entering bay between Sicayacand Blanca Pts., NW.coast of Misamis, Mindanao, 7 m. SW, by S. of Dapitan. (See Blanca Pt.) SIALAT (see-ah-laht), ver.; high point on Sw.coast of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzón. SIANUNGAN (see-ah-noong'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on W.coast of Sulu I., Sulu grp., Sulu A., 3 m. SW. of Sulu. SIAPA (see-ah'-pah), ver.; one of Calaguas Is., off N. coast of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. SIAPAL (see-ah-pahl'), nat.; point extreme S. end of Santiago I., W. side of Lingayen Gulf, off extreme NE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. SIAPAR (seeah-pahr'): point at S. extremity of Santiago I., on W. side of Lingayen Gulf, Zambales, Luzón. SIAPDAO (seeap-dah'-oh), ver.; river emptying into Tolón Bay 1 m. SE. of Bayauan, Negros Oriental. SIAPÓN (seeah-pohn'), ver.; hamlet and point. in pueblo of Baybay, Leyte, on shore of small small bay of that name in sw. Leyte, 4 m. SW. of Mérida and 14 m. E. of Port Dupón. SIARÁN (seeah-rahn'), ver.; port on N. shore of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon, with good anchorage and well sheltered. SIARGAO (seeahr-gah'-oh); island in Pacific Ocean, lat. 9° 50' N., lon. 126° E., 21 m. long and 21 m. N. and S., greatest breadth E. and W. 14 m.; 60 m. S. of extreme S. point (Sungi) of Sámar, 17 m. nearest point È. of Dinagat I., and 20 m. NE. of Tugas Pt. Area, 176 sq. m. Mountain range 620 ft. high, begin- ning inland from Sapao, on N. coast, trav- erses entire length of island, culminating in its loftiest altitudes on S. coast between Cabuntug and Dapå. Several islets lie off SE. coast, one of them, Dacô, being conspie- nous landmark on N. side of entrance to Dapa channel. N., S., and W. coasts are paralleled SIARGAO—Continued. by reef 3 m. off shore, through which by means of natural channels towns and ports on coast are reached. There are 7 towns on coast, besides hamlets and considerable rural population. Off W.coast is group of 8 islands and to SW. toward Mindanao 2 others of same size. SIARGUAI (seeahr-gwi'), nat.; point at S. head of entrance to bay of same name, W. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. - river entering on S. shore of Panabutan Bay, E. of point of same name, W. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. SIASAN (seeah'-sahn), nat.; point on channel on SW. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. SIASI (seeah'-see), ver.; port of entry Dec. 26, 1899, discontinued Apr. 30, 1902; subport of Sulu; largest island of Tapul grp., midway between Sulu and Tawi Tawi Is.; waters of Célebes Sea on SE. and of Sulu Sea on NW. Area, 29 sq. m. Highest land between Sulu and Tawi Tawi. 7 peaks rise out of center of island, highest being Gorro of Siasi, 1,673 ft.; another to s., 1,647 ft., Butbilao to SE.,1,273 ft.; But Gaatan to NNE., 735 ft.; Ulankaya Abdul, 689 ft.; Minapan, 538 ft.; and Abdul, most N. of grp., about same height. Island is 4 m. from N. to S. and 3 m. from E. to W., with area of 6 sq. m. On its W. shore is port of same name. Along coast are numerous vil- lages, inhabitants of which are extensively engaged in pearl fisheries, pearl oyster being abundant; lat. 5° 32" N. lon. 120° 52' E., approximately. -- pueblo on W. shore of island of that name, Tapul grp., Sulu A., in N. part of channel separating Siasi 1. from Lapak I. Besides number of buildings has good wharf. Lat. 5° 32' 30" N., lon. 120° 49' 15" E. Depth of water off town from 20 to 39 ft., covers nearly whole channel abreast of wharf. Pop., Cn. 1887, 146. SIATON (seeah'-tohn), ver.; pueblo, river, and point of Negros Oriental, at extreme sw. end of Negros. Town at mouth of river of same name, 26 m. SW. of Dumaguete and 109 m. S. of Bacolod, at mouth of Camauang Riv. Pop., 8,142. SIAURAGAN (see-ow-rah'-gahn), ver.; hamlet on SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 14 m. SW. of San Joaquín. SIAYAN (seeah'yahn), ver.; island of Bashi SIAYAN (seeah'yahn), Ver cluster, Batanes grp., off N. coast Cagayán, Luzón; area, 1 sg. m.; 1 m. SSW. of Mabudis I., having off its NE. side several detached rocks. Channel between it and Mabudis I., 1 m., is unsafe on account of rocks. That between Siayan and Ibayat, 41 m., is free from danger. SIBAC (see-back'). nat.; hamlet on extreme S. shore of Negros Oriental, at mouth of Hina- layad or Jinalad Riv., 2, m. NE. of Siaton. SIBACÚNGAO (see-bah-cuong-ah-oh), ver.; ham- let in Iloilo, Panay, 1 m. SSW. of Lambunao. SIBAGO (see-bah'-goh), nat.; island 735 ft. high, 1: by #m., in Basilan grp., off SW. peninsula of Zamboanga, Mindanao, in Celebes Sea en- trance to Basilan Strait; 94 m. NE. by N. of Matanal, E. point of Basilan; 74 m. E. I N. of Coco I. SIBÁHAY (see-bah'-high); mountain in Sámar. SIBALE (see-bah'-lay), ver.; island NW. of 2 islands off SW. side of S. point of Dinagat I., off N. coast Surigao, Mindanao, and separated from Gipdó I. by narrow, deep channel. SIBÁLOC (see-bah'-lohk), nat.; islet in Tambi- luanga channel, off w. shore of Tigungun I., off NE. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. SIBALÓN (see-bah-lawn'). ver.: pueblo on 1. bank of river of that name in Antique, Panay, 10 m. NE. of San José de Buenavista. Pop., 11,675. 121° PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 6 - 8 * 16.30 SEME RARA, ILIN AND AMBOLON Ps resos 15 10 Manadi Donjono 44 WITH PART OF 2 dies geral ter w Bar 24 prots.moor her right a s the team hor r en The locked out for the same me d derection Wa l a nam an and a a s to decorate man Totes and out S on the dereita 26 24 10 2012 a lect w S MINDORO VRONA SERRY CAPE SIR W BERURUNE 8€ 36 fourt Een et P Buraalman for a Spanish Fromment Survy op 1853 Bulalaca o Bay 10 2018 18 mee wat 3 e de tot ce and wors under dating sites To 22 dere gland anaம் நாம் பல Borrera 20 21 SRENDIMOS FATHDAS 20 ME Estilo IN D Ó R On dan P 27 Lalawigan B Ialom I. 24 Marin 20 Wat Wat 18 20 60 29 26 23 16 26 12 9 12 72 0 20 3017 28 A ON 12 36 Alihatan I 10 136 GARS 23 20 B 10 12 25 16 15 3 30 * 207 10 22 27 12 16 so PANDA ROCHA 30 1325 20 30 So lo 28 30 31 15 14 22 18 38 26 33 50 16 2 10 97 78 17 120 32 3R 36 32 35 39 29 Qu. 5/6 10 ** 40" * * 1 Nagubat'. . fo P! Hin 30 32 30 so so VARIATION NEARLY... 103jz._1896) .....STATIONARY PiTungão 17 To 16 Pr Alimanda WMNCTIE VARIATION NEARLY... ....105' E.(1888) STATIONARY MX A R NOTON T RS RETUR CONTOU S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 829 SIBALÓN; river in Antique, Panay, rising in Layag Mt. and flowing sw., passing San Remigio and Sibalón, enters sea through 2 mouths, 2 m. N. of San Pedro. SIBANAN (see-bah'-nahn), nat.; point on E. coast of Albay, Luzón, lat. 13° 30' N. SIBANOC (see-bah-nock'), ver.; island, area 2 sq. m., SW. of Unip I., to which cluster it be- longs, off sw. shore of Dinagat I., N. of Suri- gao, Mindanao. SIBAON (see-bah-ohn'), ver.; creek in Negros I. SIBAS (seed-bass), ver.; bay and point on E. coast of Sámar, lat. 11° 57' N. SIBATON (see-bah-tohn'), ver.; island in Seme- rara grp., 111 ft. high, 1 m. long. 174 m. SE. of Pandán Pt., Mindoro, and 12, m. WNW. of Naisog Pt., Panay. Unsafe to approach. SIBATYÁN (see-Laht-yahn'), nat.; point N. ex- treme of N. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A., and s. head to W. entrance of channel between Siasi and Tara Is. SIBAUAN (see-bah-wahn), ver.; point on SE. shore of Ambos Camarines, Luzón. SIBAÚL (see-bah-ool'), nat.; town on SE. shore of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. SIBAY (see-by'), ver.; island 7: by 3 m., area 21 sq. m., m. SE. of Semerara, in Sulu Sea, most s. of grp., 27 m. SE. by S. of Buruncan Pt., Mindoro, and 17 m. W. of Naisog Pt., Pa- nay. Its NW. point rises to a peak 213 ft. high and N. coast can be passed at m. dis- tance; W. coast unsafe. - pueblo on Mindoro I., Semerara grp., Sulu Sea. Pop., 252. SIBAYAN (see-bah'-yahn), ver.; mountain in Al- bay, Luzón, near W. shore of Lagonoy Gulf, 28 m. NNW. of Albay. SIBAYET (see-bah-yet'), nat.; river entering Port Lebac, sw. coast Cotabato, Mindanao. SIBBÚ, or SIFFÚ (seeb-boo', seef-foo'), ver.; river in N. Luzón. SIBIHING (see-bee-hing'), ver.; largest of cluster of small islands on E. and S. shores of exten- sive reef, 5 m. to E. of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. Islands are uninhabited but re- sorted to by pearl-fishing crafts, that being important industry. SIBIJINDACULA (see-bee-hin-dah-cool-lah), nat.; islet off E. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. SIBOG (see-bohg'), Tag., mountain in pueblo of Angat, Bulacan, Luzón. SIBOLON (see-boh'-lawn), ver.; E. island, 148 ft. high, 12 m. N. and s., 10. m. E. of Semerara and 6 m. N. of Sibato, in Sulu Sea, 11 m. SE. of Pandán Pt., Mindoro. Unsafe to approach. SIBONGA (see-bohng'-ah), nat.; port on E. side of Bucas I., off NE, coast Surigao, Mindanao, formed by S. and middle islands at foot of conical hill 984 ft. high; W. arm communi. cates with Port Castilla, on N. side of island, by channel 15 yds. wide, 5 ft. deep, which forms separation between middle and E. is- lands. - point on Bucas I., SE. coast Surigao, Min- danao. - pueblo on E. coast of Cebú, 27 m. SW. of Cebú, 4 m. S. of Carcar Bay; good anchorage. Bucas, conical peak 984 ft. high, lies N. E. point is lat. 9° 41' 15" N., lon. 126° 3' E., ap- proximately. Pop., 23,455. - point marking large town of that name from sea on E. coast of Cebú. SIBONO (see-boh'-noh), ver.; point 7 m. SE. by E. of Pasacao, in Jamuraon Bay, E. shore of Ragay Gulf, Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon. Inland is San Fernando Mt. SIBSIBU (seeb-see-boo), ver.; pueblo in Tiagán, N. Luzon. SIBSONG (seeb-sohng'), ver.; mountain in E.Zam- bales, Luzón. SIBÚAN (see-boo'-ahn), ver.; small island off NE. point of Olutanga, S. of central peninsula of Zamboanga, Mindanao. SIBUCAO (see-boo-cow'), nat.; point on S. shore Barrera port, NE. coast Masbate, Visayas. SIBUCO (see-boo'-coh), nat.; town on NW. shore of bay of same name, 7 m. inland, in Zambo- anga, Mindanao, 30 m. N. of Zamboanga. People are industrious and peaceful; number of well-cultivated plantations exist. Bay af- fords good anchorage, except from W. Pop., 5,000. - bay on W. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, between Batú-Tandoc and Buril Pts., 4 m. s. and penetrates 2 m. E. inland. Very safe, with little river at each end where boats can enter for water. Town 2 m. inland, to S. of bay. Coast is high and interrupted with rocky cliffs to Batulampan, W. point of Min- danao. Anchorage on E. shore of bay, lat. 70 18' 5 N., lon. 122° 4' 3'' E. - point on SE. shore of Misamis port, Misa- mis, Mindanao, 3 m. SE. of Misamis. Between this port and Tabigui on same shore, NE., are 3 peaks, N. 1,414, center 1,787, and S. 2,346 ft. high, landmarks of approach to Misamis. SIBUG (see-boog'), ver; river which rises in mountains of NE. Bontoc and entering Isa- bela, Luzón, empties into Grande de Cagayan Riv. on W. SIBUGAY (see-boo-gi'), ver.; islet N. of Tagapula I., between Samar and Masbate, Visayas. - mountain in Leyte. SIBUGUEY, or SIBUGUEI (see-boo-gay'), ver.; large bay, 28 m. between heads and 27 m, in- land, s. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. From NE. entrance of Sakol channel coast of Mindanao trends NNE. for 61 m., and thence curving round to S. for 85 m. forms extensive bay of Sibuguey, terminated at SE. by Olu- tanga I. Coasts are bordered by islands and reefs. -- mountain on E. shore overlooking bay of that name, S. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. SIBÚLAC (see-boo'-lahk), ver.; island on Noche- buena channel to E. of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. SIBULAN (see-boo-lahn), nat.; deep port between 2 small peninsulas on SE. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, and partly fronted by important island of Olutanga. Tagisian is its S. point. - island on bay of that name off S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, and 2 m. NW. of Cambulong, E. point of Olutanga I. -pueblo of Negros Oriental, on SW. shore of entrance to Tañon Strait, 5 m. N. of Duma- guete. Pop., 6,346. - point in Negros Oriental. SIBULUAC BABAY (see-boo-lwahk' bah-by'), nat.; island NE. of Panay. (See Gigante Norte.) SIBULUAC LALAQUI (see-boo-lwahk' lah-lah'- key), nat.; island 2 by 1 m., largest of Gigantes Is., 12 m. E. of Bulacaue Pt., Panay. SIBÚNOG (see-boo'-nohg), nat., hamlet in pueblo of San Fernando, Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. point on SW. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, lat. 13° 27' 10" N. SIBUTU (see-boo'-too), ver.; island of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A., lat. 4° 54' 40" N. (North Pt.), lon. 119° 29' E.; 184 m. long, 27 m. wide, area 36 sq. m.; in sea channel between SW. ex. treme of Tawi Tawi grp. of Sulu A. on E. and Borneo on W., separated from Sulu A. by Si. butu Passage and is 91 m. without W. line of demarcation under treaty with Spain. In ar- rangement of boundaries during Paris nego- tiations, extreme SW. angle having been placed at lat. 4° 45' N., lon. 119° 35' E., it was subsequently discovered that this island part of Philippine possessions of Spain ceded to United States was not included within limit. 830 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SIBUTU-Continued. SIDEA (see-day'-ah), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Lu- In consequence of the omission a convention zón, on l. bank of Abra Riv., 4 m. SW. of Ban- supplementary to treaty of peace and cession gued. with Spain December 10, 1898, was concluded SIEP-BLUT (see-ayp-bloot'), ver.; point in S. Min- November 7, 1900, and proclaimed March 23, danao. 1901, granting to Spain gratuity of $100,000 in SIERRA BULLONES (see-ay'-rrah consideration of correction of oversight. Is- boo-lyoh'- land of dish shape, is flat and wooded, with nays), Sp.; pueblo in SE. central Bohol, 34 m. village on its SE shore, 12 m. SW. by W. of NE. of Tagbilaran. Pop. 2,119. Manuk I., nearest land of Tawi Tawi grp. SIERRA CANITO (see-ay'-rrah cah-need-toh), Sp.; within treaty limits; nearest land of Borneo elevation joining Llanura de Cabambanan on is from North Pt. to Labian Pt., 12 m. NW. E. and Llanura de Cabadiangan on NE., in across Alice channel. Darvel Bay, Borneo, SW. Negros Occidental. (See Llanura de lies 58 m. W. Island has transient popula Tablas.) tion of Sulu and Moro fishermen. No agri- | SIERRA DE COLÁS (see-ay'-rrah day coh-lahs'). culture, although soil is admirably adapted Sp.; range of elevations extending SE. from to cultivation of rice and tropical products. Labo Mt., along short stretch of boundary (See Cagayán Sulu grp.) between Ambos Camarines (Norte and Sur) - point 500 ft. high, on NE. shore of Sibutu I., Luzon, and divides waters flowing E. into San 22 m. W. across Sibutu Passage from Manuk, Miguel Bay and w. into Ragay Bay. SW. extreme of Sulu A. SIERRA MADRE (see-ay'-rrah mah'-dray), Sp.; - passage 21 m. wide, between SW. extreme second important range of Luzon, beginning of Tawi Tawi grp. and Sibutu I., entering at Caraballo de Baler, SE. from Caraballo from Célebes Sea on SE., passage unites with Sur, and extending in general direction NE.; Alice channel between Sibutu I. and E. forms continuous chain of mountains from peninsula of Borneo, thence entering Sulu Caraballo de Baler to Cape Engaño, NE. point Sea. of island, crossing Príncipe and provinces of SIBUYÁN (see-boo-yahn), ver.; mountain in S. Isabela and Cagayán. Length is somewhat central Leyte, 9 m. NE. of Albuera, on sw. greater than of Caraballos Occidentales. coast. Smaller branch extends to Palanan Bay. From Caraballo Sur and from regions be- - one of E. islands of Romblon grp., 7 m. SE. tween Caraballos Occidentales and Sierra of Romblon I., and 39 m. W. of Masbate I.; Madre springs another branch, called Mam- area 19 m. from SE. to NW.; island mountain- parán, which, running toward N., extends to ous, with Mt. Sibuyán conspicuous in center; province of Nueva Vizcaya. Branches of this has several harbors on coasts. Important mountain range extend to r. from point of gold-bearing gravels exist on island. deviation from 2 main ranges, while farther - mountain in Sibuyan I., Romblon grp., S. several branches of Caraballo de Baler Visayas. (Also Guitinguitín.) extend into province of Nueva Ecija. - town in Romblon I., Visayas. SIETE PECADOS (see-ay'-tay pay-cah'-dohs), Sp.; - mountain in W. Mindanao. cluster of rocks in mid-channel at E. entrance - passage between islands of Sibuyan and to Iloilo Strait, off N. of Guimarás I. Highest, Masbate, in Visayan Sea. from which light is exhibited, is 25 ft. above sea, and all are steep-to. Marquis de Victoria SICABA (see-cah'-bah), ver.; town, point, and struck one of them forming pinnacle, with river, latter emptying into sea in extreme N. deep water all around and 270 ft. from NW. part of Negros Occidental, 29 m. N. of Ba- islet of group. From this point to port of colod. Iloilo course is clear. SICAO (see-cow'), Tag.; mountain in pueblo of I SIGÂ (see-sah'), nat.; tributary of Túbay Riv. in Angat, Bulacan, Luzón. Surigao, Mindanao, rising in Urdaneta Mt., SICAPÀ (see-cah-pah'), nat.; point on N. coast of 6,214 ft. high, and forms lake 1 m. in diame- Misamis, Mindanao, lat. 8° 56' 40" N. ter, through which main stream flows. SICAYAC (see-cah-yack'), ver.; point at S. side of SIGÁBOY (see-gah'-boy); inshore island, area sq. opening of Dapitan Bay, on NW. shore of Mi. samis, Mindanao. m., off E. shore of Davao Gulf, Davao, Min- danao, separated from main coast by narrow SICOGON (see-coh'-gohn), ver.; channel, m. wide channel covered with low woods and man- between Sicogon and Calagnan, 40 to 70 ft. groves. White and red poon, very hard and deep, clear and safe and used by vessels from dry wood, grows abundantly on island and N., making for Iloilo Strait, Panay. in earlier days of navigation was frequently -island 2 by 2 m., 6 m. off NE. coast of Con- cut and used in furnaces on steamers. cepción, Iloilo, Panay, and nearly 1 m. SE. of - mountain in SE. Mindanao. Calagnan. - pueblo on E. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, -river entering Sulu Sea, on W.coast of Mindanao, 40% m. SE. of Dávao. Pop., 1,900. Zamboanga, Mindanao, between point of that Road from village to Pujada Bay, 8 m. dis- name and Dulunguín Pt., 2 m. S. of latter. tant, on E. coast of this peninsula of Minda- - rocky point on N. head of Panabutan Bay, nao. Throughout region wild cattle are W. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. In plentiful. Sheltered anchorage off village. NE. angle of Panabutan Bay to S. of point is anchorage between 2 rocky points. Natives SIGALO, or SINGALO (see-gah-law, seen-gah'- are numerous in vicinity, grow maize and law), nat.; village on Balábac I., off extreme tobacco, and carry on extensive trade with SW. point of Palawan. Sulu Is. SIGARAG (see-gah-rahg'), ver.; mountain 13 m. - bay between Dulunguín and Sicogon Pts., inland, S. of Catarman, on N. coast of Sámar. Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. Rocky near shore and receives Sicogon and Siraguai Rivs. SIGAT (see-gaht'), ver.; bold point on NE. coast of Cápiz, Panay, midway between Ibajay (W.) SICOPON (see-coh'-pohn), nat.; river of Negros and Tangalan, 7 m. Between Sigat, 24 m. E. Oriental, emptying into sea at Bayauan, SW. by S. of Ibajay Pt., and Agpå Pt., 2, m. farther coast. on, is small bay fronted by Pontud bank. SICOT (see-coht'), ver.; point at entrance to Culasian Bay, W. coast of S. Palawan. (See | SIGAYÁN, or LOCOLOCO (see-gah-yahn', loh- Jervois Pt.) coh-loh'-coh), nat.; extreme SE. point of Ba- tangas, Luzón, and sea end of coast Sierras SIDANGDANG (see-dahng-dahng'), nat.; hill on behind Punas Pt. River of same name emp- E. shore Culasian roadstead and landmark ties 4 m. distant. Shore steep. Coloconto of approach, SW. coast Palawan. bay enters to N. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 831 P! Batotandok MINDAN40 1. Sử B TRO BAY Surveyed undo the directin. of CAPTAIN CLAUDIO MOXTERO, Spanish Nary 1862 OwSpot Lat: 7:18' 5'x. Long: 122: 4.3°E. VARIATION NEARLY Watrring Mitt 121. STATIONAR SIBUKO BAY SE P! Burn Nautical Miles Cablue 832 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SIGAYÁN, or LOCOLOCO: point on S. side of en- | SILANGA; peak 1.700 ft. high, on SW. shore of trance to small bay of that name, NE.shore of Silanga Bay, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. Mt. Som- Hamlet of that name is at its foot. brero, 5,200 ft. high, overlooks bay. - hamlet 12 m. N. by E. of Taytay, com- - bay on N. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, prising stockade and few houses built upon Mindanao, forming between Semaruga and small isthmus head, on W. side of Silanga Sigayán Pts. Bay, at foot of Silanga Peak, 1,700 ft. high, E. SIGAYARAN (see-gah-yah'-rahn), ver.; island be- coast of Paragua, Palawan. longing to Tikala cluster, off W. shore of Illana - point on W. shore of Misamis port, Misa- Bay, s. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao. mis, Mindanao, 64 m. SW. of Misamis. SIGBUYE (sig-boo'-yay), ver.; one of highest SILANGADO (see-lahn-gah'-doh), Hisp.; island 1 islands about center of Sigbuye Passage, 7m. m. NW. to SE., off NE. coast of Busuanga I., NE. of Tawi Tawi I., Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu Calamianes grp., between Paragua, Palawan, A. Rises to central cone 778 ft. high and is and Mindoro, in the bay of Minanga, 3 m. important mid-channel landmark for navi- NW. of Aonon Pt. gators following this passage between Célebes SILANGAN (see-lahng'-ahn) (the Orient), Tag.; and Sulu seas. Thickly wooded to summit point in Marinduque, off SW. coast Tayabas, and lies SW. by S. from Cacataan. Luzón. - passage among numerous islands between - important point to navigators on SW. shore Tapul and Tawi Tawi grps., in SW. extreme of Sulu I., Sulu A., 2 m. N. of Bunga Pt. of Sulu A., connecting Célebes and Sulu seas. SILANGHIN (see-lahng-heen'), Tag.; point on S. SIGLAO (see-glah'-oh), ver.; point in Buad I., W. coast of Bataan, Luzon, on l. of entrance to of Sámar. port of Mariveles. SIGMA (seeg'-mah), Sp.; pueblo of N. Cápiz, SILANGUIN (see-lahn'-geen), ver.; port and point Panay,4 m. inland from Camansi Bay, 15 m. 8 m. S. of Capones Pt., backed by high range SW. of Cápiz. Pop., 1,660. of mountains; m. wide, 2 m. inland, afford- ing fair shelter formed by island of same SIGNAL, for.; islet E. of S. end of Maytiaguid I., name off coast of Zambales, Luzón, 2, m. NW. off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. (See Verde of Sampaloc Pt., W. head to Subic Bay. I.) - island #m. N. and S. and 1 m. E. and W.. SIGTOCAY, or SOGUITAY (seeg-taw-ky', soh-gee- on S. side of port of same name, off SW. coast tie'), ver.; island off E. coast of Mindoro, lat. of Zambales, Luzón. 12° 22' 40" N. - point on NW. shore of island of same name SIHA (see'-hah), ver.; hamlet 53 m. WSW. of Bo- and S. head to port of same name, SW. coast rongan, on r. bank of river emptying into sea of Zambales, Luzón. on E. coast of Sámar. SÍLAO (seel-lah-oh), Tag.; mountain in Bulacan, SIHÁN (see-hahn'), ver.; point in Ambos Cama Luzón. rines (Norte), Luzón. SILAQUÍ (see-lah-key'), nat.; most N. of islands SIIL (see-ill'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Siaton, on s. side of entrance to Lingayén Gulf, in Negros Oriental, on S. coast. Zambales, Luzón. Los Frailes Is. bear SW. SILA (see-lah'), nat.; point at extreme SE. ex SILAS (see'-lahs); peak in Caraballo Sur, in Bu- tremity of NE. projection of Sámar into Pa lacán, Luzón. cific Ocean. SILAT (see-laht'), nat.; islet, most S. of Cuyos -- town in NW. Leyte. grp., Mindoro Sea, 91 m. SSW. of Cuyo. SILACAI (see-lah-ky'), ver.; point near Guay Pt., - islet off SE. coast of Mindoro, near Burun- SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. can Pt. Passage between it and coast clear SILAD (see-lahd'), nat.; hamlet on SE. shore of and deep. SILAY (see-lie'), nat.; pueblo of Negros Occi- bay on W. coast of Leyte, 1 m. N. of Villaba. dental, on E. shore of Guimaras Strait, 9 m. SILAGÀ (see-lah-gah), nat.; river of Sámar emp N. of Bacolod and 26 m. NE. of Iloilo, Panay. tying on W. coast. Pop., 14,537. SILAGUI (see-lah'-gee), nat.; point on SE. shore SILAY, or MALAPÁRANG (see-lie', mah-lah-pah'- of Olutanga I., off S. coast of Zamboanga, Min rahng), nat.; mountain at N. end of central danao. range of Negros Occidental, 17 m. S. of Sicaba SILAGUIN (see-lah'-geen), Tag.; prominent point on N., 20 m. E. of Bacolod, and 23 m. W. of on NW. shore of Taal Bay, Batangas, Luzón. Escalante. SILAMBÁN (see-lahm-bahn'), nat.; river of Para- SILDOL (seel-dohl'), ver.; hamlet on coast road gua, Palawan, rising in central Cordillera and in Zambales, Luzón, 15 m. S. of Iba. emptying on E, coast about lat. 10° 36' 30" N. SILIK (see-lick'), nat.; creek emptying on r. bank of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- SILANCAPÓ (see-lahn-cah-poh'), Tag.; point 12 ndanao, at Tambilaban. m. from Laguimanoc, Tayabas, Luzón, 5 m. SILINGAN (see-ling'-ahn), nat.; mountain in WNW. of Mabio Pt. transverse range on NW. borders of peninsula SILANG (see-la hng'), Tag.; town on SE. shore of of Zamboanga, Mindanao, also forming Alabat I., Tayabas, Luzon. boundary between it and Dapitan on SW. - point at S. entrance to bay on W. coast of Overlooks N. shore of Sibuguey Bay. Tayabas, Luzón. SILINO (see-lee'-nohy, ver.; island 9 m. N. by E. - pueblo at crossing of 2 main roads in Ca- E. from Pt. Tagolo on extreme NW. point vite, Luzón, 19 m. S. of Cavite. Pop., 7,411. of Misamis, Mindanao; 11 m. in extent, low, flat, and wooded. SILANGA (see lahn'-gah), nat.: extreme W. point of Sulu I., Sulu grp., Sulu A.; headland of SILÍPIL (see-lee'-peel), ver.; hamlet in Lepanto, entrance to Bay of Sulu, 41 m. S. of Pugut Pt. Luzon. Pop., 633. SILIPÓN (see-lee-pohn'), ver.; town on river - river in SW. Sámar, emptying into San emptying into Macajalar Bay at Tagaloan, Juanico Strait between Sámar and Leyte. 27 m. above that point, 25 m. SE. by S. of Ca- - hamlet on W. shore of Sámar, 5 m. NW. of gayán de Misamis, Mindanao. Catbalogan. SILLA (see'-lyah), Sp.; point at W. headland to -- bay on E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, Murciélagos Bay, Dapitan, Mindanao; of formed by SW. side of Maytiaguid I. and considerable height and remarkable as taking coast, 2 m. wide and nearly same length. shape of a saddle; one of main headlands on Settlement is on NW. side and peak 1,700 ft. N. coast of Mindanao toward Tagolo Pt., where high over it. coast begins SW. trend. - 3 islands off entrance to Silanga Bay, E. SILLA; mountain 1,010 ft. high on NW. shore coast of Paragua, Palawan. Murciélagos Bay, Dapitan, Mindanao. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 833 SILO (see-loh), nat.; town in Misamis, Minda- 1 SIMBAGÚAN (seem-bah-good-ahn),ver.; hamlet in nao, on r. bank of important river emptying W. Zamboanga, Mindanao, 28 m. N. of Zam- into Macajalar Bay and 12m. E. by S. of boanga. Cagayan de Misamis. SIMBÓ, or MALAZIMBÓ (seem-boh', mah-lah- SILO GUISGUÍS (seel-loh gees-gees'), ver.; town theem-boh'), nat.: island in inlet SE. of Puro on NW. shore of Tayabas Bay, NW. coast of I., S. shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Luzón. Tayabas, Luzón, on 1. of mouth of united SIMILA (see-mee'-lah), ver.: river rising in Mt. waters of Malabag and Lagnas Rivs., 6 m. Apo, of Cordillera Central, Cebú, and empty- NW. of boundary of Tayabas with Batangas. ing into sea 1: m. S. of Sibonga. SILONAY (see-loh-ni'), ver.; islet of cluster of that SIMILÓN (see-mee-lohn'), ver.; island N. of Min- name, 1 m. long, lying im. off and 1 m. NE. by E. of Pt. Calapán, peninsula upon which lies 54 m. N. of Pt. Bilaa. Calapán, capital of Mindoro, and 41 m. NE. SIMILÚIN (see-mee-loo'-een), nat.; island off E. and on extreme NE. coast of islands. Small coast of Cebú, lat. 9° 31' N. islet of same name, 1 m. ESE. of Pt. Calapán, is SIMINANGON (see-mee-nahng-ohn), ver.; hamlet of sugar-loaf shape surrounded by rocks. at point of small peninsula between Malam- - cluster of islets, Silonay (big and little) and paya Bay and Catugba port to NE., on W. Anaganahao being named, 1 m. E., off shore coast of Paragua, Palawan. between Calapán and Anaganahao Pts., NE. SIMISA (see-mee'-sah), ver.; island 31 m. E. to W., extreme SW.island of Balanguingui grp., 6 m. 2,160 ft. wide and from 30 to 120 ft. deep. SW. of Balanguingui I., Sulu A. SILONGOS (see-lohn'-gohs), ver.; islands off SIMMILONG (seem-meer-long), ver.; mountain in coast of Palawan. pueblo of Bangui, NE. part of Ilocos Norte, SILSITOAN (seel-see-toh'-ahn), ver.; island W. of Luzón. Bohol, Visayas. SIMOE (see-moh'-ay), ver.; stream emptying into SILUBAN (see-loof-bahn), ver.; river in Negros. San Miguel Bay, E. shore, in Ambos Cama- SILUMASAN (see-loo-mah'-sahn); islet W. by N. of rines (Sur), Luzón. Lapun Lapun, off N. shore of Cagayan Sulu, SIMOGA, or CABACUAN (see-moh'-gah, cah-bah'- Sulu A. kwan), ver.; SW. point at extreme NW. end SILUPA (see-loo'-pah), nat.; point on NW. shore of Sámar I., inside NE. entrance to San Ber- of Dumanquilas Bay, S. coast of Zamboanga, nardino Strait. Mindanao. SIMOL (see-mohl'), ver.; river rising in E. slopes of Sierra Madre and flowing into bay of San - hamlet on estuary on W. shore of Duman- Miguel, Ambos Camarines, Luzón. quilas Bay, Zamboanga, Mindanao, 90 m. NE. of Zamboanga; ESE. lies Dayana I. SIMOLO (see-moh'-loh), ver.; river entering S. SIMAGUP (see-mah-goop'). ver.: village on SE. shore of Butuan Bay, W. of mouth of river of that name, on N. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, shore of Sepangow Bay, SW, coast of S. Pa- lawan. SIMONOC (see-moh-nock'), nat.; horseshoe- shaped island, 6 m. between points, 12 sq.m., - bay on N. side of Cape Siacle, SW. Pala- 141 ft. high, in Sw. part of Tawi Tawi "grp., wan. Sulu A., 198 m. SW. by S. of Tatán. Shallow SIMALA (see-mah'-lah), ver.; point in Cebú. lagoon in middle of island in which native prahus take refuge in time of danger. Several SIMALUC (see-mah-look'), ver.: island, larger of large villages, thickly populated. Island is 2 adjoining, 127 ft. high, 7 m. N. of Tawi 13 m. NE. of extreme sw. angle of boundary Tawi I., Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A.; E. point lies 4 m. NW. of Tambagaan. Horseshoe of United States possessions in Asia. shaped, indentation being filled with numer- ous islets. Island is not permanently inhab- -- river entering sea SE. of point of that name, ited, but resorted to in large numbers by NW. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. SIMUAL (see-m wahl'), nat.: hamlet on E. shore SIMALUC, or TATAAN (see-mah-look', tah-tah'. of Illana Bay, in Cotabato, Mindanao, 7 m. ahn), ver.; chain of islets fronting central N. by W. of Cotabato. part of NW. shore of Tawi Tawi I. (See Ta- - creek and town on r, bank, on W. shore of taan I.) 2 Simaluc Is. are most E. of Tawi Cotabato, Mindanao. Tawi grp., Sulu A.; lie close together, very SIMUAM (see-moo'-ahm), nat., village SW. of narrow, and covered by mangroves and high Pagagpae, on SE. shore of Lapac I., Tapul trees, visible 12 m. ofl. (See Cibankanan.) grp., Sulu A. Rajamuda Creek, watering SIMANAHAN (see-mah-nah-hahn), nat.; S. fair- place for vessels, enters to SW. way along S. line of demarcation United SIMÚLAO (see-moo'-lah-oh), ver.; river in Min- States possessions in strait of Balábac, among danao. reefs; used by vessels between China and Sulu SIMUTU (see-moof-too), nat.; village, E. shore seas, between Balábac grp. and S. point of Siasi I., Sulu A. Palawan. - point at village of same name, Siasi I., Ta- SIMANALE (see-mah-nah-lay'), ver.; anchorage pul grp., Sulu A. on Tawi Tawi I. shore of narrow channel SINABU (see-nah'-boo), ver., river on NE. coast of which separates that island from Sangá Mindoro, entering sea 5 m. ESE. of Calapán Sanga on W., Sulu A. SINAGASAAN (see-nah-gah-sah' ahn), nat., tribu. SIMANCAS (see-mahn'-cahs), Sp.; town of Ne- tary of Glubang Riv., Negros Occidental NE, gros Occidental. (See La Carlota.) coast SIMANGUL (see-mahn-gool'), ver.; point on N.ex-SINAGBUÁN (see-nahg-bwahn'), nat.; 2 islands tremity of Olutanga I., on E side of entrance on W. side of Tambíluanga channel at S en to Sibuguey Bay, s. shore of Zamboanga, trance to narrow passage between Taruk I. Mindanao. on N. and Tandubato I on S., of NE. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A SIMARA (see-mah'-rah), ver.; island, 5 by 2 m , 8 m. N. off nearest point of Tablas 1, Romblon SINAGSACAN (see-nang sah' cahn), nat, moun. grp., Visayas, in open sea channel between tain 1 148 ft. high, in NE. Cápiz Panay, near Burias and Masbate Is. on E. and Mindoro, 38 Concepción Iloilo boundary 6 ms of Pilar. m. W.: 870 ft. elevation, flat-topped, well cul. SINAIT (see-nah' eet). ver, pueblo of Ilocos Sur tivated, and can be approached with safety Luzón, near boundary with Ilocos Norte and On SW. shore is village, Corcuera,with church on coast highway, 22 m. N of Vigan Pop., and fort. 7,936 SIMAÚK (see-mah-ook', nat.; point and creek on SINALAXG (see-nah lahng'), nat., river in pueblo S. shore of Lapac I, Tapul grp., Sulu A. of Bangued Abra Luzón. S. Doc. 280_ 53 831 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SINALÁYAO (see-nah-lah'-yah-oh), ver.; moun- | SINOLO (see-naw'-law), ver.; river in Surigao, tain in extreme NE. part of Misamis, Minda Mindanao, rising near N. coast, empties into nao, near boundary with Surigao, 28 m. SW. sea. of Butuan. SINÓNOG (see-noh'-nohg), nat.; island 3 m. E. of SINALIN (see-nah'-leen), Tag.; hamlet in Cavite, Saccal (Sakol) I., off SE. coast of Zamboanga, Luzón, 22 m. SW. of Cavite. Mindanao. SINALIO (see-nah'-lyoh), Tag.; river of Cavite, - island of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. Luzón, rising in Cordilleras which separate SINTENELA (seen-tay-nay-lah); mountain about Cavite from Batangas, flows NW. and unites center of pueblo of Bangui, Ilocos Norte, with Caititingan, Luzón. SINARAGAN (see-nah-rah'-gahn), ver.; river ris- SINTI (seen-tee'), nat.; point in Buad I., W. of ing in Nagsucubang Mt. in SW. Antique, Pa- Sámar. nay, emptying into sea 1 m. N. of Caduadula Pt., on S. coast. SINTOGO (seen-toh'-goh),ver., river in Mindanao. SINARAYAN, or WASHINGTON (see-nah-rah'- SINULÓN (see-noo-lawn'), ver.; group of islands yahn), nat.; point on W. side Culasian road- off coast of Cebú. stead, sw. coast of Palawan. SINÓNGAO (see-noong'-ah-oh), nat.; river emp- SINÁUAT (see-nah'-wat), ver.; lake in Minda- tying on s. shore of Binanga port, on SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, nao. Luzón. SINAY (see-nigh'), Tag.; point and village in Ba- SIOC (see-ock'), ver.; inner point of entrance on toán, Luzon. SE. shore of Davao Gulf, Davao, Mindanao. SINCAR (seen-car'). ver.; point and inlet on S. SIOCON (see-oh-cohn), ver.; mountain in central coast of Davao, Mindanao. Zamboanga, Mindanao, head waters of river SINDÁN (seen-dahn'), ver.; town in SW. Leyte. which empties into sea on NW. coast at Santa SINDANDÁN (seen-dahn-dahn'), ver.; point in María. NW. Mindanao. - inlet and point in W. Zamboanga, Min- SINDANGAN (seen-dahng'-ahn); town at mouth danao. of important river on NE. shore of bay of SIOMTIAM (see-ohm-tee-ahm'), ver.; river of Ba- same name, W. coast of Dapitan, Mindanao. tangas, Luzón, rising on S. side of Batulao - bay opening to Sulu Sea between Dauigan Mt., flows S. and empties into bay of Balayan. and Sindangan Pts., 34 m., W. coast of Dapitan, SIPAC (see-pack'), ver.; island of Balanguingui Mindanao. Shores are exceedingly steep, grp., Sulu A. with anchorage S. of Dauigan and E. of Sin- SIPACA (see-pah'-cah), ver.; point formed by dangan Pts. close to shore, elsewhere being conical hill, thinly wooded, with watchtower too deep on W. extreme of bight between it and Diuata - point on steep, rocky bluff forming S. head- Pt., N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. In bay land of bay of that name, W. coast of Dapitan, on E. side of point is anchorage in front of Mindanao. mouths of 2 rivers. Canauagor islet lies on SINDOL (seen-doll'), ver.; town in Zamboanga, W. side of point. Lapining I. fronts it. Mindanao. SIPÁIN (see-pah'-inn), nat.; westernmost of Ta- SINGAAN (seen-gah'-ahn). ver.; islet off extreme taan chain of islands, 2, m. SW. by S. of S. point of Damma I., of Laparan cluster, Tanakta and į m. from coast of Tawi Tawi I., Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. Sulu A., separated by deep, elear channel. SINGABUÁN (seen-gah-bwahn'), ver.; islet in No- SIPAISAN (see-piel-sahn). ver.: island off NE. chebuena channel, E. of Tawi Tawi I., Tawi coast of Negros Oriental, lat. 10° 29' 30" N. Tawi grp., Sulu A. SIPALÓN (see-pah-lawn'), ver.; low island peak, SINGAL (seen-gahl'), ver.; hamlet on 1. bank of 4 m. off coast of Tayabas, Luzón, on Ragay a tributary of the Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., in Gulf, opposite Capaluan Pt. NW. Sámar. SIPALOY (see-pah-loy'), ver.; bay, hamlet, and SINGANAG (seen-gah-nahg'), ver.; mountain in N. river of Negros Occidental, rising in several Sámar. branches in Llanuras de Tablas and Caba- SINGÚAN (seeng-00'-ahn), nat.; fresh-water lake diangan, in SW. part of Negros Occidental; about #m. in diameter, 39 fms. (234 ft.) deep, empties into sea on SW. coast, 8 m. S. of Ina- on S. shore of Cagayan Sulu; Sulu sea sep- yauan. rated from Lake Ernestine on E. by barrier SIPANBALAYAN (see-pahn-bah-lah'-yahn), nat.; less than 200 yds., and on W. from Lake Jiwata affluent of Pampanga Chico, flowing SW. of by natural wall of less than 50 yds. pueblo of Mabalacat, empties into river of SINIARAYAN (see-nyah-rah'-yahn), ver.; moun- that name, Pampanga, Luzón. tain in extreme s. Antique, Panay, 5 m. NE. SIPANDÍN (see-pahn-deen'), nat., village on E. of Anini-y. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. SINILOAN (see-nee-loh-ahn), Tag.; pueblo in SIPANG (see-pahng'), ver.; island of Pangutárang Laguna, Luzón, 15 m, by road NNE. of Santa grp., Sulu A., SW. waters, 6 m. NE. of Datu Cruz. Pop., 5,659. Bató I., extreme E. of Laparan grp. SINIPAI DACÔ (see-nee-pie' dah-coh'), nat.: SIPARAY (see-pah-rye'), ver.; islet of Cuyos grp., island with central cone on W. side of Murcié Mindoro Sea, 14 m. SE. by E. of Agutaya. lagos Bay, Dapitan, Mindanao. SIPÍAN (see-pee'-ahn), ver.; town near S. shore SINIPAI DIÓTAI (see-nee-pie' dew'-tie), nat.; of Camansi Bay, N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 12 island Sw. of Sinipai Dacô, W. side of Murcié- m. SW. of Cápiz. Pop., 4,863. lagos Bay, Dapitan, Mindanao. SIPIÑA (see-pee'-nyah), nat.; islet in W. part of SINLÍAN (seen-lee'-ahn), ver.; point on E. shore Murciélagos Bay, Dapitan, Mindanao. of Ragay Gulf, on SW. coast of Albay, Luzón, SIPINKAL (see-peen-cahl'), nat.; point NW. end N. of Patao, near boundary with Ambos Tora I., off N. coast of Siasi 1, Tapul grp., Camarines (Sur). Sulu A. SINOBUGHAN (see-noh-boog'-hahn), nat.; island | SÍPIT (see'-pit), nat.; hamlet in puebloof Malinao, in E entrance to Laguán channel, off NE. Albay, Luzón. coast of Sámar. SIPÓCOT (see-poh'-coht), ver.; pueblo on main SINOCTÁN (see-nawk-tahn') nat.; hamlet in road in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, on l. pueblo of Asingan, Pangasinan, Luzón. bank of Polanluna Riy., 17 m. NW. of Nueva SINOGA (see-noh-gah'), ver.: point in Sámar. Cáceres. Pop., 1,066. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 835 SIPÓCOT: mineral spring near town of Sipocot, SISI (see-see). nat.; hamlet at head of arm of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon. Batán Bay, setting inland SW. in Cápiz, SIPUAOC (see-pwah-ohk'), nat.; stream entering Panay, N. coast. sea on SE. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. SISIMAN (see-seel-mahn), Tag.; bay and point in - peak 371 ft. high, on r. bank of stream of S. Bataan, Luzon, on N. of entrance to same name, SE. shore Siasi I., Tapul grp., Manila Bay. Sulu A. SISIPAN (see-seel-pahn), nat.: point and village - village on E. shore Siasi I., Sulu A. on SW. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. - peak 371 ft. high, on Siasi I., Sulu A., inland SISIRAN (see-seel-rahn), nat.; port in N. coast of from village of same name. Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. SIPUCAY (see-poo-ky'),ver.; hamlet on Refugio I., SISUNTAM (see-soon-tahm'), nat.; point on W. coast of Lubang I., S. of Alagoson Pt. Chain off E. coast of Negros Oriental, of 8 islets beginning off this point trend SE. SIPUNGUT (see-poon-goot'), nat.: island and close to shore, or distance of less than 2 m. channel on its N. shore, near junction with Calaitan channel from N., off NE. coast of SITAMA (see-tah-mah), nat.; point on Sw.shore Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. -channel to l. of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., join- | SITANGÀ (see-tahng-ah'), Tag.; hamlet on island ing Camba Camba channel and practicable of Alabat, entrance to Lamón Bay, Batangas, for small crafts only. Luzón. SIQUIJOR (see-key-hawr'), ver.; pueblo on S. SITIO (see'-tyoh), Sp.; hamlet on E. shore of shore of bight formed on NW. shore of Siqui- Biliran, off NW. coast Leyte, 2, m. N. of Cai- jor I., SW. of Bohol, 35 m. SW. of Tagbilaran. biran. Pop., 11,788. SITIO LANGUB (see'-tyoh lahng-oob'), Hisp.; - pueblo in Negros Oriental. hamlet on W. coast of Cebú, 2 m. NE. of Astu- rias. - island 12m. from N. to S. and 17 m. from SITIO LUMAQUÍN E. to W., 28 m. SW. across sea channel from (seel-tyoh loo-mah-keen'), mainland of Bohol, Visayas, 19 m. SW. of Hisp.; hamlet on Sw. shore of Leyte, 1 m. S. Panglao I., belonging to jurisdiction of Bohol; of Bató. surface moderately high and greatly broken, SITIO PALUOT (see-tyoh pah-lwoht'), Hisp.; rising to central peak, Mt. Cudtungun, NE., hamlet on SE. part of Negros Oriental, 4 m. 1,394 ft. high; productions tobacco of very SW. of Dumaguete. superior quality, rice, maize, Manila hemp, SITIO QUINTINAGURAN (see'-tyoh, kin-tee-nah- and cacao, which are bartered for wax. (See goo-rahn), Hisp.; hamlet on E. coast of Bili- Bohol.) ran I., off NW. coast Leyte, N. of Caibiran. SIRAGUAI (see-rah-gwi'), ver.; river entering SITIO ZAEZAC (seel-tyoh thah-ay-thack'), Hisp.; Panabutan Bay, W. coast of Zamboanga Pen., hamlet 1 m. SW. of Sibonga, E. Cebú. Mindanao. SIUALO (see-wah-loh), nat.; hamlet in S. Iloilo, SIRAN (see'-rahn), nat.; river entering on 1. bank Panay, 3 m. SE. of Maasin. of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cota- bato, Mindanao. SIYT (see-it'), nat.; point and river on SE. coast of Negros Oriental, 4 m. SW. of Zamboanguita. -island off NW. shore of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A.; 3 m. W. by N. of Busluc Pt. SLIP, for.; point on NW. coast of Paragua, Pala- wan, NNW. of Emergency Pt. SIRILÍAN (see-ree-lee'-ahn), nat.; point in Ambos SMITH, for.; island SE. of Iloc or Austin I., off Camarines (Norte), Luzón. NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan, Mountains SIROROMA (see-raw-rawl-mah), nat., island off on mainland opposite come down to coast, NW. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, with altitude of 2,230 ft. (See Bagambangan.) at entrance to bay of San Miguel. (Also SMOOTH, for.: hill 750 ft. high, near E. shore of Siruma.) Balábac I., Balábac grp., ofr SW. coast of Pala- SIRINAO, or SEPULCRO (see-ree-now', say-pooll- wan, 2 m. N. of Calandorang Bay. croh), ver.; island 1 m.in length, 280 ft. high; SNAKE, for.: island in N. Taytay chain, off en- 1 m. SE. of Triple Cima I., fronting Tagbayug Bay, W. coast of S. Palawan. trance to that bay, E. coast of Paragua, Pala- wan. SIRIS (see'-riss). ver.; town on r. bank of river SOAN-SOÁN (soh-ahn-soh-ahn'), nat.: point and entering bay S. of Sica yac Pt., NW. coast of Dapitan Mindanao, 12 m. S. of Dapitan. (See creek m. N. on W. shore of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. Blanca Pt.) SIR JAMES BROOKE, for: point on SE. coast of SOBOBOLO (soh-boh-boh'-loh); mountain in Ilocos Sur, Luzón. Palawan. (See Brooke Pt.) - inlet on coast of Ilocos Sur, Luzón, lat. 170 SIROAN, or NASO (see-roh'-ahn, nah'-soh), ver.; 20' N. point on SW. extremity of Antique, Panay, 2 1 SOBONCOGON (soh-bohn-coh'-gohn), ver., point m. SE. of Anini-y, formed by termination of on E. coast of Mindoro, lat. 12° 31' 15' N. coast range, fronted by islet Nucas, off its SW. point, and Jurao-jurao, 4 m. to E. of Nucas. SOBREIMANDE (soh-bray-ee-mahn'-day), Sp.; hamlet of Abra, Luzón, 20 m. E. of Bangued, SIRUGAI (see-roo-guy'), ver.; point on SW, shore connected by trail. of Sulu I., Sulu A., leading to entrance to E. channel for town of Maibún (Maimbún). SOCA VILAR (soh'-cah vee-lahr'), Sp.; river ris- ing in S. central ranges of Bohol, Visayas, SIRUMA (see-rool-mah), ver.; pueblo and point and finds its outlet into sea at Loay, on s. in Ambos Camarines (Sur). Luzón, 2 m. in- coast. land from that bay, 26 m. E. of N. of Nueva SOCOL (soh-cohl'), nat.; river on E. coast of Min Cáceres. Pop., 679. doro, emptying into sea NW. of Bongabón. - bay on N. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), - point on Laguna de Bay, Laguna, Luzón. Luzon, E. of San Miguel Bay. (Also Cauru- SOGAY (soh-gi'). ver.; pueblo of 5,200 inhabi- san.) tants on SW, shore of Camiguin I., NW, of - point on bay of that name, Ambos Cama Misamis, Mindanao. Lies 2 m. NW. of ex- rines (Sur), Luzón, and connected with small treme S. point of island, and has fine anchor- island by reef. Coast to Port Sisiran is bor- age. (See Sagay.) dered by islands and rocks accessible only by fishing boats. SÓGOD (soh'-god), nat.; pueblo on E. coast of - island E. entrance San Miguel Bay, off Cebú, 30 m. N. of Cebu. Pop., 6,719. Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. - bay in S. Leyte. 836 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SÓGOD; bay on N. coast of SE. peninsula of Lu- | SOLOTSOLOT, or LAPOG (soh-loht-soh-loht', zón, at N. end of boundary between Ambos nat.; lah-pohg', ver.); bay, anchorage, and Camarines (Norte) and Tayabas, between point in Ilocos Norte, Luzon. Palapinuhuajan and Dapdap Pts., receiving SOLSONA (sohl-soh'-nah), Sp.; pueblo in foot- onits coast waters of Tabagon Riv. hills of Cordillera Central, in Ilocos Norte, SÓGOD ANTIGUO (soh'-god ahn-teel-gwoh), Luzón, on NE. tributary of Grande de Laoag Hisp.; town or pueblo of Maasin, Leyte, on Riv., 13 m. E. of Laoag, capital. Pop., 3,991. E. shore of great bay of Lion, S. Leyte, 62 m. SOLVEO (sohl-vay'-oh). Sp.: hamlet in Abra. S. of Tacloban. Pop., 4,732. Luzon, on 1. bank of Abra Riv., where it sud- SÓGOD NUEVO (soh'-god nway'-voh), Hisp.; denly turns W. to sea, 6 m. SW. of Bangued. formerly Concepción or Mao, town at head of SOMAGE (soh-mah'-hay), ver.; hamlet near one Lion Bay, on S. shore of Leyte, 59 m. S. of of W. tributaries of Bac-hao Bangahón Riv., Tacloban. in NW. Sámar, 3 m. NW. of Gándara. - pueblo in Leyte. SOMAGUI (soh-mah'-gee), ver.; river entering SOGUÍCAY (soh-geel-ky), ver.; low islet in bay of sea on E. coast of Mindoro. same name, N. by W. of Pandán Pt., E. coast SOMBOCOGON (sohm-boh-coh'-gohn), Tag.; bay of Mindoro. 5 m. NNE. Of Arena Pt., on Ragay Gulf, SE. - bay on SE. coast of Mindoro, opening be coast of Tayabas, Luzón, and receives Poyao tween Buyallao (NE.) and Pandán (SW.) Riv., which is frequented by native coasters. Pts., SW. by S., 5 m. Small streams entering - town on NW. shore of bay of that name in bay afford anchorage for small vessels. SE. Tayabas, Luzón. SOHOTÓN (soh-hoh-tohn'), ver.: mountain in SOMBRERO (sohm-bray'-roh), Sp.; isletm. NW. Sámar at headwaters of Suribao Riv., 20 m. of Bulubadiangán Pt., E. of Tago I., 4 m. SE. W. of Lanang. off San Dionisio, E. coast of Concepción, SOJOTÓN (soh-hoh-tohn'), ver.; S. headland Iloilo, Panay. from SW. to Guimarás Strait, and point at N. - island 1. m. W. of Templo I., consisting of entrance to Linaon Bay, W. coast of Negros 2 islets close together in W. entrance to Ragay Occidental, 8, m. N. of Inayauan, 44 m. to S. Gulf between Burias I. and Tayabas, Luzón. of Pandán Pt.. SW. end forming deep bight - summit 5,200 ft. high in Rangavan or Súgut and narrow channel of that strait. Mts., paralleling NE.shores of Illana Bay. Co- SOLANA (soh-lah-nah), Sp.; pueblo of Cagayán, tabato, Mindanao. Rises midway between Luzón, on l. bank of Grande de Cagayan Riv., Samaruga Pt. and Maguindanao or Lanao 4 m. W. of Tuguegarao and connected by Lagoon in Lanao, Mindanao. road. Pop., 5,578. - island of Casuarina Pt., E. coast of S. Pala- SOLANGAN (soh-lahng'-ahn), ver.. hamlet on wan. (See Rasa I.) N. shore of Candolu I., off extreme SE. point - island in Cabulaun grp., E. off N. point of of Sámar. Paragua, Palawan, 38, m. (See Cabulaun I.) SOLANO (soh-lah'-noh), Sp.; pueblo of Nueva Viz- -island S. of Batangas, Luzón. caya, Luzón, on highway, 3 m. NE. of Bayom- - island off Biliran I., NW. of Leyte. bong. Pop., 4,190. SÓNOC (soh'-nock), nat.; bay on SW. coast of - garrisoned town in Isabela, Luzón, Panaón I., Leyte, SOLATON (soh-lah'-tohn), nat.; island off SilangaSONSÓN (sohn-sohn'), nat.; most N. of 2 bays on Pt., W. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Min E. shore of Batán I., Batanes grp., off N. coast danao, 7 m. SW. of Misamis. of Cagayán, Luzon. SOLBEC (sohl-beck'), ver.; inlet in Ilocos Sur, SOLADEL (soh-lah-dehl'), ver.; islet SW. of Sulu Luzón. I., Sulu grp., Sulu A., lat. 5° 46' 30" N. SOLEDAD (soh-lay-dahd'), ver.; town in Negros SOPOLON (soh-poh’-lohn), nat.; hamlet in pue- Occidental. blo of Jasaán, Misamis, Mindanao. SOLITARIA (soh-lee-tah'-ryah), Sp.; islet off x. SORE, or TAPUSI (soh'-ray, tah-pool-see), nat.; coast of Tayabas, Luzon. mountain in N. Rizal, Luzón. SOLITARIO (soh-lee-tah'-ryoh). Sp.; crater in SOROG (soh'-rohg), ver.; hamlet on extreme SE. Negros Occidental, 5 m. W. of Escalante. projection of Sámar, 9 m. SE. of Guiuan. -easternmost of Cabulaun Is., 14 m. ESE. of SORON (soh-rohn'), yer.; mountain in S. Biliran Cabulaun, off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. I., off NW. coast Leyte, 4 m. NE. of Biliran, - island S. of Albay, Luzón. SORONGON (soh-rohng'-ohn), ver.; S. point of SOLIMÁN (soh-lee-mahn'), nat.; river about cen- entrance to bay on E. coast of Sámar, 1 m. NE. ter of pueblo of Bangued, Abra, Luzón, and la of San Julián. flowing SW. to sea. SOROSIMBAHAN (saw - raw - seem - bah' - hahn), SOLO (soh'-loh), Sp.: hamlet at head waters of nat.; mountain in NW. Leyte. upper S. tributary of Suribao Riv., in SE. SÓROT (soh'-roht), nat.; hamlet in E. Sámar, 2 m. Såmar. SW. of Borongan. SORSOGÓN, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Sor-soh-gohn', ver.) Capital: Sorsogon, lat. 12° 58' N., lon. 123° 58' E.. Area: Mainland, 663 sq. m.; dependent islands, 12 sq. m.; total, 675 sq. m. Population: 98,650. Race: Bícol (Vícol). Language: Bícol. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. From Sorsogon to- Table of distances. Albay... Legaspi, ..................... Legaspi via overland to Bacón.. Legaspi via overland to sea Manila... Manila via Verde Passage ... Nueva Cáceres... San Bernardino Light via Sorsogon Gulf and San Bernardino Strait . . . Tides A Cibigahar greatest range of tide ocars generally b ure and December and is about the smallest range of ride is about preet generally ou Korol and Septombor preses of the non have but sight infianco on the time of high water or on the range. El lughest tiles follow the moon's greatest north or south declination the lowest follow the moon's least declination at the moon greatest north or south Lination there is only one flood and one b in the 24 hours at the moon's fit Lechination there is one food and ana ed in 12 how's syncantide lave varies durina the year about 7 inches i st in Februar il laghetus August 2013 lajon PS R. Palice 21 Pot Terisan I. Calsiguaran 1 + + 24 25 Caguayan 2 35 NAONETIC .. ... . 09 .. 1.1.1.1.1.1.1. 90 T. VARIATION NEARLY 0°42' E (1898) STATIONARY . . . . КІнъи. 11 ........... Makagil P+3 Sanzblara P.! 2 13 OE 14 33 k 10 10 1424 Tower bu of Barabarana Lavarrab Mntagda 7.5 Meririg 1. 9 7 ? limalacai Fort 2 2 3 2 24 2; Mala zimbo GO hon POPT SORSOGON Prores Spuick Surroy madawath Bucovary Blog "Alovida. 1992 பாவமா பாரடி Da 34 35 27 2 2 D BABE Malumaluan drenas Sandy) p 3 25 18 3. some Tunajos lo S Doc 280 57 1 2 பாத்தா Gg A Shoal They 9 10 61 9 hou 12 W J V Boca Chica THE NOUS TESCO TOUHO. WASHINGTON DC GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 837 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. Tipsom. Sámar, and w. by the important strait of Sanabe name; on the E. by th: The province of Sorsogon occupies the extreme SE. end of the peninsula of Luzon. It is bounded on the N. by Albay and bay of the same name; on the E. by the Pacific Ocean; on the S. by the important strait of San Bernardino, which separates it from Sámar, and W. by the Otón, or interior sea of the P. A. The island of Ticao lies SW., 10 m. The coast line is extremely irregular, being deeply indented on the W. by the great bay which gives its name to the province, and opens in the waters of the Otón Sea, opposite Ticao I., on the SW. From the extreme NE. shore of this bay (Sorsogón) to the nearest waters of Sógod Bay, an arm in the SE. of Albay Gulf, on the Pacific Ocean side of the province, the distance is but 24 m., and but 5 m. to Bacon, the port of Sorsogon on that shore. This narrow neck for a space of 2 m. alone prevents Sorsogón from being an island. AREA. Its greatest length is 47 m. NW. to SE. from the boundary S. of Cagsaua to the shore of San Bernardino Strait, and width 40 m. ENE. to WSW. from Bingay, the extreme NE. point, to Donsol SW. It has an area of 663 sq. m. (mainland), or more than the size of the State of Rhode Island (1,250 sq. m.). The dependent islands, having an area of 12 sq. m., give a total of 675 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The topography of the province presents a lateral range traversing a somewhat sinuous course and forming the boundary with Albay on the N. from Donsol to beyond Mt. Pocdol or Bacon within about 3 m. of the SW. shore of Albay Bay. A cen- tral crest from NE. to SW. forms watersheds draining into the Pacific on the E. and Sorsogon Bay and the Otón Sea on the W. In this range about halfway in its course is the celebrated active volcano of Bulusan, about 5 m. inland from the E. coast of this province. It is not only visible 60 m. at sea, but is an important landmark for transports, war vessels, and commercial craft taking the S. route around the island of Luzon from the United States across the Pacific to Manila. In 1852 this volcano burst forth after a long period of inactivity. It is mentioned by scientists and travelers as closely resembling Vesuvius. About 92 m. to the SW. is Culanga- lan, and about the same distance W. by N. is Binluay Mt. The S. dip of the dividing range on the N., between Sorsogon and Albay, sends a large number of streams into Sorsogon Bay and many into the sea W. of its entrance. The largest river in the province, which receives many small tributaries on its course, rises in a number of small streams forming on the slopes of Bulusan volcano. After winding around the foot of that mountain W., it flows N. and empties into Sorsogon Bay at Juban on the S. shore. BAYS AND HARBORS. This province, in the bay of Sorsogon, possesses the best port between Verde I. and San Bernardino Strait, and one of the best not only in the P. I. but in E. Asia. It is 192 m. in length from Malunahúan I. to Sorsogon, the capital, at its head, 3. m. wide at its entrance and 10 m. wide from Castilla, on its N. shore, SE. to Juban. The depth diminishes gradually from 9 to 22 fms. The shores being populous and well cultivated, an abundance of supplies of all kinds, the natural products of the region may be had by vessels. On the Pacific coast is Sógod Bay, an indentation on the S. shore of Albay Gulf. It has 50 to 30 fms. at its entrance and shallows to 6 fms. It is a favorite resort for the United States vessels of war patrolling the coast. The coast is. indented with several other fine bays. Babulgán and Donsol on the S. coast, Bulog on the SW., and Putiao, temporary resort for coasters, the last, how- ever, the only one affording safe shelter. LIGHT-HOUSE. On the islet of San Bernardino, a rock in mid-channel off the E. entrance to San Bernardino Strait, 7 m. from the Sorsogon shore S. of Rasa Pt., is the light-house of San Bernardino, one of the most important in the Philippines. It occupies the summit of the islet of that name, lat. 12° 46' 15' N., lon. 124° 14' 45' E. The light is 178 ft. above the sea and is visible 23 m. The truncated conical tower, which car- ries the light, is gray stone, 49 ft. high, the upper part and lantern being white. There is a keeper's dwelling at the base of the tower. 838 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. Owing to the extremely rugged nature of the country there are fewer highways than in the adjoining province of Albay. A cart road 52 m. in length, over which passes a large amount of traffic, connects Sorsogon, the capital, with Bacón, on Albay Gulf, on the opposite coast. A trail beginning at Montúfar follows the Pacific shore, pass- ing Gúbat, Barcelona, and Bulusan, at which last point it strikes across the lower end of the province, passing Irosín on the way to Bulan on the W. entrance to San Bernardino Strait. Two trails, beginning respectively at Macalaya, a village on the N. side of entrance to Sorsogón Bay, and Pilar and Putiao, 5 m. to the NW., uniting at Nantugan, near N. border, continue to Albay and Legaspi, its seaport. Another trail connects Guinobatan with Quipa, on the r. bank of an important river of Albay which parallels W. boundary of Sorsogon, and affords water communication from Quipa to Donsol on sea shore. vince, Two traila Bay, an trance to Sorsogon beginning respectivelyan on the W. ent Quipa parallels w. batan with Quipg POPULATION AND TOWNS. The people on this province belong to the Bícol or Vícol branch of the population of S. Luzon and speak that language. Like the inhabitants of Albay they are peace- fully inclined and industrious. Their number, 98,650, taken in relation to the out- put of the products of the province, indicates a degree of industrial activity highly creditable. (For population, census of 1887, see Albay.) There are 16 towns and 131 villages in Sorsogon. Among the former may be mentioned the following: Sorsogón; the capital of the province, at the E. end of the N. shore of the bay of that name, one of the finest and most commodious harbors in the East. Pop., 10,720, estimated. Bacón; on the S. shore of Albay Gulf, 73 m. E. by S. from the mountain of that name, and 6 m. NE. of Sorsogon with which it is connected by a fine road. Pop., 13,013. Barcelona; on the E. coast, 12 m. SE. of Sorsogón. Pop., 1,567. Bulan; near the S. part of the peninsula on the l. bank of a river 3 m. above its mouth and 25 m. SW. of Sorsogón. Pop., 11,000. Bulusan; on the E. coast, about 7 m. SE. of the volcano of that name and 19 m. SE. of Sorsogón. Pop., 5,413. Casiguran; on the E. shore of Sorsogon Bay, 7 m. S. of Sorsogón. Pop., 8,662. This portion of the coast of the great bay is notable for a subsidence of the surface 0.84 meter (1 meter=3; ft.) annually, according to scientific observation covering a long period. Castilla; On the NW. shore of Sorsogon Bay, 9 m. W. of the provincial capital. Pop., 2,353. Donsol; at the W. end of the boundary between Sorsogon and Albay, 28 m. W. by S. of Sorsogón. Pop., 5,500. Gúbat; on the E. coast, 11 m. E. by S. of the provincial capital. Pop., 13,359. Irosín; in the heart of the mountain region of Sorsogon and on the l. bank of the largest river in the province, which rises on the SE. slopes of Bulusan volcano, mid- way between Irosín and Bulusan, on the E. coast. Pop., 5,224. Juban. (See Tuban.) Magallanes; on the SE. side of the entrance to Sorsogón Bay, 16 m. SW. of Sor- sogón. Pop., 2,377. Matnog; on the SE. coast, fronted by Ticlín and Juac Is., 30 m. SE. of Sorsogon, on the shores of the E. entrance to San Bernardino Strait. Pop., 3,745. Montúfar; on the E. coast, 20 m. S. of Dingay, the extreme NE. point of the province, and 12 m. NE. of Sorsogón. Pilar, or Port Putiao; on the SW. shore of Putiao Bay on the W. coast, 33 m. WSW. of Sorsogon and 6 m. E. of Donsol. Pop., 5,458. Tuban, or Juban; on the E. shore of Sorsogon Bay, on the r. bank of an important river which rises on the S. declivities of Bulusan volcano, and flowing N. has its out- let at this point, 73 m. SW. of Sorsogon. It is 2 m. SW. of Casiguran. Pop., 6,000. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The following are the islands off coast of Sorsogón (area less than 1 sq. m. not given). sq. m. Bagalao; on the E. side of entrance to Sorsogon port.. Calinton; off the extreme SE. coast of E. entrance to San Bernardino Strait. (See Ticlín I.) Calsiguaran; off N. shore Sorsogon Bay. Dancalan; off NE. coast, N. of point of that name. Dibugja; off NW. shore of Sorsogon Bay. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 839 sq.m. Juac; off SE. coast, opposite Matnog, in E. entrance to San Bernardino Strait. (See Ticlin I.) Lambampa; NW. shore of Sorsogon Bay, 6 islets surround it.... Mais; in Sorsogón Bay...... Malumahuan; N. side of entrance to Sorsogón Bay.. Simbo; in Sorsogon Bay, SW. shore. Ticlín; group of 3 small islands with the mainland of Sorsogon, forming the Ticlin Strait, to this cluster belong the islands of Calinton, Juac, and Ticlin, they lie off the port of Matnog, an important harbor of refuge te vessels entering the San Bernardino Strait from the Pacific..... 4 Tarisan; in N. angle of Sorsogon Bay, off the anchorage of Sorsogon.- Total 12 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The staple products of Sorsogon are hemp and copra, a product of the cocoanut, being the direct form for shipment to be made into oil. The following hemp receipts for 1850-1899, taken from the report of the chamber of commerce, Manila, P. I., arranged from the monthly summary of commerce of the P. I., published by the Bureau of Insular Affairs, show the output of hemp from Sor- sogón as far as it enters into the movement of commerce: [Piculs.] 1850. 1851... 1852.... 1853... .. 1851 1855 1856.. 1857... 1858... 1859... 1860.. 1861. 1862....... 3,897 | 1863.. 13,665 1864... 22, 485 1865.... 25, 390 | 1866.... 29, 088 1867. 29, 568 1868.... 30, 674 | 1869... 35, 546 | 1870. 42, 299 1871. 42, 650 1872. 44,984 1873. 47,888 1874. .... 55, 249 | 1875.. 48, 359 1876.. 54,178 1877. 45, 9101878. 39, 291 1879.. 46, 139 1880.... 51, 554 1881..... 44,054 1882..... 50, 820 1883..... 65, 690 1884.. 76,180 1885.. 74,952 1886.. 70, 763 1887.. 60, 373 1888.. 58,938 | 1889. 114, 566 74,314 | 1890. 108, 039 86, 808 1891. 132, 302 69, 116 1892.... 152, 396 84, 897 1893...... 170, 856 97.0681894..... 166, 940 57,091 218, 756 80, 330 1896... 223, 166 96,429 1897. 148, 695 104, 756 1898.. 78, 668 103,687 1899. 101, 629 119,284 Total.... 1,501,447 126, 026 Annual average: 1850-1859.. 1860-1869.. 1870-1879. 1880-1889. 1890-1899... 27, 526 47,760 68, 795 98, 413 · 150, 144 Total product of islands: 1850-1859. 1860-1869. 1870-1879. 1880-1889. 1890-1899. 3,033, 140 4,886, 487 6,998, 932 9, 141, 915 14,533, 093 There is a large consumption in home industries for native textiles, cordage, etc., which does not enter into the statistics of production or shipment. The figures of copra from this province are not obtainable. The aggregate amount of exports of this article for the 3 ports of Manila, Cebú, and Iloilo was, in 1899, 291,322 piculs, of which Sorsogon furnished a large share. for the ince are not tatistics of proches MINERALS. The mountains, being of recent volcanic action, contain indications of mineral wealth. That the region was at one time the scene of considerable activity in this industry, is shown by the presence of many unworked mines of coal, gold, silver, and iron. FORESTS. The mountains and valleys are covered with fine forests of valuable woods of com- merce. Owing to need of shade for the hemp plant, the finest trees are carefully guarded. FRUITS. The fruits are those common to the S. provinces of Luzón. INDUSTRIES. The growth and manipulation of hemp and the cultivation of cocoanut for the kernal which, being dried, forms the copra of commerce, largely engross the indus- trial activity of the native population. The province has a large coastwise trade in the hands of the natives, carried on in cascos. In these the hemp and copra reach the seaports for Manila or export shipment from Bulan, Donsol, Gubat, and Sor- sogon ports. 840 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. An expeditionary force convoyed by United States gunboats entered Sorsogon Bay January 20, 1900, and took possession of the town of that name without opposition. Between 40,000 and 50,000 bales of hemp were in sight at Sorsogon and 5,000 to 7,000 at each of the ports of Bulan and Donsol, which were subsequently released for trade. On February 15, 1902, the province of Sorsogon was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Bacón. Donsol. Matnog. San Bernardino (L. H.). Sorsogon. a CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Sorsogon, formerly the district of that name in the province of Albay, was created by authority of the President of the United States under provi- sion of the general act of the United States P. C. for the organization of provincial government in the P. I.,” February 6, 1901, and act No. 124 "in pursuance thereof extending the provisions of said act, April 30, 1901, to the province of Sorsogon." PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses per annum in United States money.] Governor Secretary Treasurer Supervisor. Fiscal. $1,700 1,200 2, 200 1,700 1, 250 In addition, allowance for necessary expenses to be accounted for as prescribed not to exceed $2.50 per day. Presidentes or alcaldes of municipalities to meet on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October, the convention to be called by the provincial secretary who is its secretary and must certify all recommendations to the provincial board. The oaths of office to be administered by the provincial governor or other proper person named and other details of administration as provided by the enabling act. CONDITIONS. “The general feeling among the intelligent portion of the population is good, and when they realize that they hold the power of leading the ignorant in the right direction and exercise that power for the general good, there will be little danger of further trouble in the province, as the people are naturally pacific and desire to live in peace. I can now begin to see some results of our work and instruction in this direction, and the municipal officers and some of the more intelligent of the people are beginning to realize that they have a further responsibility to their country and to the government than remaining passively inactive and watching the Americans put down uprisings." (Official report of the provincial governor of Sorsogón, December, 1901.) le mun in to see the peoeneral gooding the Pulation is SORSOGON (sor-soh-gohn'), ver.; port, lat. 120, SORSOGÓN-Continuhd. 50' N., lon. 1230 50' 25" E., on SW. coast of Towns on shore furnish supplies of beef, Sorsogon, Luzón; largest and best harbor from poultry, rice, vegetables, and excellent water Verde I. to San Bernardino Strait, refuge in to vessels passing through strait. Steamers typhoons or collas, or for repairs. Entrance from Manila visit port. is divided into 3 channels by islands Melu- mahuan and Bagalao; principal entrance, - pueblo, p. o., and capital of province of known as Boca Grande, 11 m wide and that name in Luzón, on NE. shore of port of nearly 6 m. to Macugil Pt., used by vessels; that name. In 1840 suffered from earthquake Boca Chier channel, to E. of Bagalao I., is which lasted almost continuously for 35 days. very narrow, having rock located on S. side, Churches of Sorsogon and Casiguran were and to pass this, even with small steam destroyed, 17 persons killed, 200 injured, and launches, necessary to run close to shore of ground for some distance sank 5 feet below Bagalno, which is clear and with good depth; its former level. Best attainable data cover- coast and island on other side are clear, and ing period of years fixes rate of 0.84 meter Islands which appear on N. are abrupt, espe subsidence of surface every year. Pop., 10,720. cinlly on outer side, which renders navigation through middle of channel free from all dan- SOSONGCAMBING (soh - sohng - cahm - beeng'), ger; inner port of Sorsogon is spacious, ex Tags: peak in pueblo of Lipa, in Maquiling tending 9 m. ENE. toward town of that name, range, between Batangas and Laguna, Luzón. * Telegraph. Price 20 cents Vahola Sabin SUBIC Balapan curoro RS Pequeda l. alan Baris bando Pes Mandalino 2018 20 be Garioca Mobilin PO 20 Mayanga Petcondů P. Black buoy 20 30 Kaloklan Beacon (star shaped) Babato SO TIAL Rongs Red buoy PORT 18 17 OLONGAPO * Stone, beacon 27 Caiman 50 (white) Is TATION 25 al 1.190 glo 13 Nagkabau 0B Kubi " ER O 0.9 & Pronola 40 Ca picos ve pacient 31020 310 100 | "Triboa Bay 20 Apalant mani P? 34 36 38 PORT 36 ET LANGTYN ** ex 33 1st wasan Pe Grande 1 I buildings Silonguin P Hanin Bay nin Silanguin PHILIPPINES LUZON I.- WEST COAST 10 Los Fra PORTS SÚBIC AND SILANGUIN wilt DO From Spanish Government Surveys, 1885 & 1891 Sinaga Grad, L (South Point) - Le.. *483 - Trang 120 18.6°E. Zampa Buriong munt ampaloc Pt 34 32 ON 0 VARIATI Moon's el.coral, gravels, m uda ureche, and shells, men, wd, waad. o ple All heights are represaol an Post above High Water Springs. Ibruin Wilo 6, 8070 pic 610 SOUNDINGS * FATHOMS 410 a hB je, sū 10 POŘ I sú Note on Iides At Subic thane is coruiderable diurnal quality, and only one tida in 24 hours for 3 daya at Aill and change with qualid at other t o The meatum range feet, and the mean range feet High water fish and changes inregular the time and haigle being mach affected by the moon declington The higuer tido at night when the declination is nors, and the daytime when it south he sided have the greatest range as the solution the least at to our Nautical Miles Cables 30 NENORIS CONTOH S Doc 280 571 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 841 SOUTH, for.; point at extreme S. end of Camiguin I., Babuyanes grp., off N. coast Cagayan, Luzón. - hill on S. coast of Dumarán I., off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan; used as landmark ap- proaching Cook channel. - inlet, W. shore of Ulugan Bay, W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. SOUTH, for., or CABALIAN (cah-bah-lyahn'), Sp., point at SE. extreme of Tablas I., Romblon grp., Visayas, opposite Tabun Pt., Panay, 13 m. SOUTH, for., or LAGOS MANILA (lah-gohs' nah- nee'-lah), nat.; point at extreme end of Bu- rias I., Masbate grp., Visayas. SOUTH BAY, for.; hill 960 ft. high, S. of Dalauan Bay, E. coast of Balábac I., Balabác grp., off SW. point Palawan. SOUTH CHANNEL, for.; island W. of southern- most of 3 islands in Cook channel, Dumarán I., off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. SOUTH PASSAGE, for., island 6 m. S. of Collin- son I., off Taytay Bay, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. SOUTH SPIT, for.; S. head of entrance to Puerto Princesa Harbor (Port Royalist), E. coast of S. Palawan. SOUTH WEST, for.; open anchorage off SW. coast of Cagayan Sulu. Spring of good water is on shore. - small bay SW. of S. head to Puerto Prin- cesa Bay, E. coast of Palawan. SOUTH WEST, or TRIPLE HILL, for.: hill 900 ft. high, ip range of elevations in SW. Palawan, commencing abreast of Capayas I., parallel with coast. West Coast Hill is at N. end. SPRAT, for.; point N. of Hen and Chickens, W. coast of N. Palawan, Inhabitants of coast engage in fishing with seine, abundant hauls being made. SQUALL, for.; point midway between High and Endeavor Pts., E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, from which range extends N., meeting coast at same distance on other side of Endeavor Pt., having Drake Peak, 1,300 ft. high, on S. and double peak 1,400 ft. high on N. SQUARE TOP, for.; group of islets off Malubut- glubut I., NE. of N. point of Paragua, Pala- wan. STAMFORD, for.; head on China Sea shore of Ulugan Pen., W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Cluster of 14 islets lie around this head. STANLAKE, for.; island E. of Paragua, Palawan. STAVELY, for.; mountain 3,930 ft. high, on W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. (See Long Pt.) STEEP, for.; point 41 m. NE, of Deep Bay Pt., at N. end of broad bight on W. coast of S. Pala- wan. (See Valley Cone.) STEEP CLIFF, for.; precipitous elevation in Malanut range, conspicuous from Island Bay, SE. coast of S. Palawan, STEEP HILL, for.; shoulder of range of hills 8. of Sepangow Bay, SW. coast of Palawan. STEEPFALL, for.; small range of precipitous mountains 850 ft. high, and 2 m. from Cape Melyille, extreme S. point of Balábac I., off SW. point of Palawan. STONY, for.; point on NW. shore of Palúan Bay, on NW. coast of Mindoro. Pinnacle peak lies N. SÚA (SOO'-ah), nat.; point on SE. coast of Leyte, 3 m. E. of Cabalián. - point marking N. shore of Dingalan Bay, in Príncipe, Luzon. - point W. head to islet of Hipudios, 4 m. SW. of Balangiga, S. coast of Sámar, Visayas. - stream entering Guimaras Strait, on W. coast of Negros Occidental, 2 m. S. of Ponte- vedra. SÚA; town in Zambales, Luzón. - mountain in Biliran I., Leyte. SUA, or DAPO (soo'-ah, dah'-poh); point on extreme SW. coast of Sámar, 3 m. SE. of Ba- langiga SUAC (swack), ver.; point in S, Sorsogon, Luzon. SUAGUE (swah'-gay), ver.; river in Panay. SUAL (swahl), ver.; port on Lingayen Gulf, lat. 16° N., lon. 120° 6' 29" E. Town of that name on SW., 4 villages on port shore, and old fort on Portuguesa Pt., on N. side of entrance. On Mangas Pt., on S. side of entrance, is lookout house. - pueblo on SW. shore of small bay of same name between Portuguesa and Mangas Pts., on W. shore of Lingayen Gulf, 10 m. NW. of Lingayen, in Pangasinan, Luzón. Pop., 2,636. - point on W. coast Lingayen Gulf, N. side of entrance to port of that name, Pangasinan, Luzón. - point on extreme SW. shore of Sorsogon, Luzón; one of heads to W. entrance to San Bernardino Strait. - small river rising in coast mountains in extreme SW. Sorsogon, Luzón, and emptying in San Bernardino Strait at point of same name. - peak in Zambales range, Luzon. SUAL, or SÚLAT (swahl, soo'-laht), ver.; river entering on E. coast of Sámar, with wooded island inside, anchorage in from 10 ft. to 4 fms. InNE. monsoon or in typhoon it is not good refuge. SUAN (swahn), nat.; small river rising on S. side of Mt. Cantilan, and after course of 5 m.to W. enters Túbay Riv., Surigao, Mindanao. SUANAN (swah'-nahn), ver.; point on W. ex- treme of Macajalar Bay, N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. (See Sulauang.) SUANG-BUNAH (swahng' boo-nah), ver.; hamlet on N. Ubián I., Pangutárang grp., Sulu A., on SW. shore, in deep bight protected by coral reef. SUÁREZ (swah'-rayth), Sp.; hamlet on E. coast road of Cebú, 6 m. SW. of Argao. SUAY (swi), ver.; pueblo of Negros Occidental, on SE. shore of Guimaras Strait, 42 m. S. of Bacolod. Pop., 2,972. SUBÂ (soo-bah'), nat.; hamlet 14 m. S. of Pam- bujan, N. coast of Sámar. SUBAA, ver., or SUBAAN (800-bah'-ah, soo-bah- ahn), nat.; river in NE. Mindoro flowing into Lake Nauján. Region abounds in herds of tamarao. SUBAANG (800-bah-ahng'), ver.; bay, hamlet on summit of hill on its sw. shore, and river emptying into bay SE. of town, on N. coast of Mindoro, 6 m. SSE. of Escarceo Pt. Sago palm grows abundantly along its shores. Tamarao herds are numerous and mosquitoes intolera- ble. Pop., 397. - point in Mindoro. SUBÁN (S00-bahn'), Tag.; point in Marinduque I., off SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzon. SUBANG (S00-bahng'), ver.; river in Leyte. SUBANGAN (S00-bahng'-ahn), nat.; hamlet in SE. Lepanto, Luzon, near Bontoc boundary, 9 m. ENE. of Cayán. Pop., 700. SUBANI (S00-bah'-nee), Tag., peak in Caraballo Sur, in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. SÚBIC (s00-bick), ver.; port in 8. part of Zam- bales, Luzon (Grande I., 8. point, lat, 14° 46' 3" N., lon. 120° 13'6"); extends 7 m, inland and forms 2 excellent harbors, one on E. side Port Olongapó, other at N. extremity, oppo- site village Súbic; much indented with bays and coves and has several islands-Paquera, Mayangi, and Grande in entrance. In early times was favorite resort of pirates who 842 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SÚBIC-Continued. SÚGUT, or SÚGUD; continuation of S. coast range infested these shores from mainland of China of mountains of Zamboanga and Cotabato, and Malay Is., frequent communication with Mindanao. (See Rangayan Mts.) Manila. Cinco Picos (Five Peaks) on W. form SUINAN (sweel-nahn). ver.: river of Negros Oc- landmark for entering port. cidental, emptying into Guimarás Strait, at - pueblo at head of Subic Bay, Zambales, Súmag. Luzón; houses stretch along high land; coun- SUINCÚAN (sween-cool-ahn), ver.; hamlet in try inland very hilly. To W. number of SE. coast Negros Oriental, 1 m. N. of Ayuqui- elevations from 300 to 800 ft.; 35 m. SE. of Iba tan. at end of road from San Narciso on coast, and across head of tongue of land which forms SULA (soo'-lah), nat.; "silanga" (channel) be- SW. area of province. Town lies between tween Luzon and Cacraray, Pacific Ocean, off Vibangon Riv. on E. and Guagadi on W. Albay, Luzón. Pop., 3,016. -port S. part of narrow channel, which sepa- - point on S. end of small island of Juac, off rates Cacraray I. from mainland of Albay, SE. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón, San Bernardino Luzon, forming well-sheltered anchorage Strait. about 3,000 ft. wide and 66 ft. deep. SÚBUG (soo'-boog), nat., river in Albay, empty- - point in E. Albay, Luzón. ing into bay of Albay, Luzón. - hamlet on W. shore of port of same name, SUBUJ (soo-booh'), ver.; point in E. Mindanao. NE. point of Albay Gulf, Albay, Luzón. SUBUNGUIN (soo-boon'-geen), Tag.; point in S. point in s | SULABÁN (soo-lah-bahn'), ver.; point on N. coast Tayabas, Luzón. of Misamis, Mindanao. SUCUBAN (S00-coo'-bahn), nat.; hamlet on ex- SULADE (soo-lah-day), ver.; NW. and outlying treme E. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A., 274 m. ESE. island of Tapul grp., 8 m. NW. of Tapul I., of Sulu. Sulu A. SUDAB (s00-dahb'), ver.; town in Benguet, w. SULANAN (soo-lah'-nahn), ver.; river in Minda- Luzón. nao. SUDESTE (sood-ays'-tay), Sp.; mountain in SE. SULANG (SOO-lahng'), ver.; crater in central Gui- of Sibuyan I., Romblon grp., Visayas. marás I., off Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. S. of Nagaba. SUESTA (sways'-tah): point on SW. shore of Sú- SÚLAT (soo'-laht), nat.; pueblo on E. coast of bic Bay, Zambales, Luzón. Sámar, 37 m. off Catbalogan and 2 m. NW. of Camblata. Pop., 4,613. SUGÂ (soo-gah'), ver.: hamlet in foothills of Si- garag, NW. Sámar, headwaters Catarman Riy. - inlet and point in E. Sámar. SUGAR LOAF, for. (See Azúcar, Pan de, off Am- - river on E. coast of Sámar. (See Sual.) bos Camarines (Sur), Luzón.) SULÁUANG (soo-lah-wahng), ver.; W. headland SUGJÁN (soog-hahn'), ver.; hamlet on shore of of Macajalar Bay, N. coast of Mindanao. (See Sámar, SE. of Balicuatro Pt., 66 m. NW. of Súauan.) Catbalogan. SULICAN (soo-lee'-cahn), ver.; group of islands off SÚGOD (soo'-gohd), nat.; town at head of bay of Sámar. that name, on S. shore of Albay Gulf, N. coast SÚLONG (SOO-lohng); point on S. shore Baliangao Sorsogon, LuzónVessels drawing 19 ft. can Bay, NE. part of Murciélagos Bay, N. coast approach mole of town. At Gatbo, village SE. Misamis, Mindanao. of this town, coal has been discovered. SULOT (soo-lawt'), nat.; point on E. coast of Sá- SUGUIAL (S0o-geeahl'), nat.; mountain in pueblo mar, lat. 11° 58' N. of Bangui, Ilocos Norte, Luzon. SULSUQUIN (sool-soof-keen),ver.; river in Batan- SÚGUT, or COTABATO (soo'-goot, coh-tah-bah' gas, Luzón. toh); extinct volcano, also called Calayo, SULTÁN (sool-tahn'), Sp.; peak 3,820 ft. in height, ESE. of Macaturín, Cotabato, Mindanao, S. Palawan, SW. of Victoria Peak. about 50 m. from sea. SULT FALAKOKO (soolt fah-lah-koh'-koh), nat.; SÚGUT, or SÚGUD (soo'-goot, soo'-good); hamlet village on r. bank of S. branch of Grande Riv. on NE. shore of Polloc port, in Cotabato, Min- of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao, 2 m. below danao. Tumbao, at point of division of main stream, - inlet in S. Mindanao. into N. and S. branches. SULU (JOLÓ) ARCHIPELAGO. (Soo-loo, nat.) (Most southern islands of the P. A., between Mindanao, United States, and Borneo, British.) Capital: Sulu, island of Sulu, lat. 6° 3' N., lon. 121° E. Area: 1,029 sq. m. Population: 22,630, estimated. Race: Moro. Language: Moro-Suluano and Moro-Sámal. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. Table of distances. From Sulu to— Cagayan de Sulu...... Isabela de Basilan .... Manila, N. Luzón..... Polloc, Cotabato, Mindanao Zamboanga, Mindanao naut. m. st. m. 156 179 70 81 540 618 205 236 81 93 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The Sulu Archipelago occupies the center of the S. line of the P. A., comprising all the islands between the parallels 4° 30' and 6° 25' N. lat., and the meridians 1190 25% and 121° 52' E. The surrounding seas of the archipelago are the Sulu and Min- GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 843 doro on the N. and W., and the Célebes on the S. and E. The islands in the long chain of 180 m. from NE. to SW., including Sibutu I., constituting the archipelago of Sulu, are divided into 5 principal groups: Balanguingui, Pangutárang, Sulu, Tapul, and Tawi Tawi. AREA. The area of the entire archipelago (188 islands) is 1,029 sq. m., as follows: Area. Number of is- lands. 8q. m. 38 Balanguingui... Pangutárang ... Sulu Tapul..... Tawi Tawi.. 72 380 77 462 88 Total... 1,029 188 A land area of but 56 sq. m. less than the State of Rhode Islanl. For description of groups and islands of this archipelago see Alphabetical Gazetteer. The land and sea surface is 188 by 81 sq. m. between parallel lines at extreme points of land NE. to SW. and NW. to SE., or 5,670 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The larger islands are generally volcanic and high. The smaller rest upon coral and are but a few feet above the level of the sea. The island of Sulu, Sulu group, is traversed from ENE. to WSW. by 3 almost parallel chains of mountains. The highest peaks are Bahu, 2,810 ft.; Tumatanguis, 2,940 ft.; Tumahu, 1,573 ft. ; Tulipán, 2,107 ft.; Mabintán, 1,640 ft.; and Mahuja, 1,123 ft. Tawi Tawi, the largest island, has a mountain chain running from ENE. to WSW. throughout its length, the most conspicuous peaks being Mt. Santiago, in the SE., 1,167 ft. high, and Mt. Dromedario, in the center of the island, with an elevation of 1,860 ft. "The appearance of the Sulu Is. from seaward is extremely beautiful. There are several extinct volcanoes of considerable height and very extensive clearings which have been made for the cultivation of hill-paddy (rice) give a charming park-like appearance to the land- scape. The soil is of the richest volcanic nature and here the delicate cacao tree (Theobroma cacao) flourishes undisturbed by the devastating hurricanes and vol- canic eruptions that from time to time create such disaster in the Philippines and in Java." BAYS AND HARBORS. The shores of the different islands are indented with bays, harbors, and ports, the best of which are: Aguada; S. of the island of Bongao, in the SW. of the Tawi Tawi group. Basbás; very well sheltered, on the island of this name, in the Tawi Tawi group, N. of the channel oi Basbás. In this bay there are good anchoring grounds for all kinds of craft, and it is easily accessible. Chongos; NE. of the island of Bongao, Tawi Tawi group. Dos Amigas; on the N. coast of Tawi Tawi, 92 m. W. of the harbor of Basbás. Maibún, or Maimbún; between Pts. Cabalían on the W. and Pútie on the E., distant from each other 8 m. It runs in about 2 m. N. on the coast of the island of Sulu. Pata; in the island of this name, Sulu group. Pitogo; clear and rockbound, extending 11 m. to the NE. from Pt. Carangdalto, between this point and Pt. Landican. Sulu; on the S. coast of the island of this name, comprised between Pts. Dainga- pit and Belan. Its coasts are clear and its bottom, slightly shelving, is generally of thick sand. There is a good anchorage in this harbor. Tapaam; good anchorage at the passage of Tapaam, between the island of this name and that of Lapag, both of the Tawi Tawi group. Tawi Tawi; 4 bends on the island of the same name, sheltered and distributed at almost equal distances around the coast. Tubu; on the island of Sulu, opening E. of that of Maibún and close to it, between Pts. Pútic and Carangdalto, distant from each other 13 m. Ubián; good anchorage in the channel which runs E. of the island of Ubián, Tawi Tawi group. 844 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are few inland roads. The interisland communication is carried on through the numerous sea channels and passages, as the channels of Siasi, in the Tapul group; Basbás, Nochebuena, La Verbena, Maipat, Cam bacamba, Sipungut, Tandubas, West of Banaran, West of Basibuki, Balseiro and Bambulín, in the Tawi Tawi group; and the passage of S. Tapaam and Pangutárang in these groups. The capital, Sulu, is in steamer communication with Singapore and Manila. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population of this archipelago is 22,630, estimated. Very little, however, is known of many of the islands, and of the population of innumerable hamlets in the interior of each. According to Ferreiro the number of men in the various groups of islands governed by datos or panlimanes, serviceable for war, was in Balanguingui, 335; Sulu, 14,415; Tapul, 1,300; Tawi Tawi and Pangutárang 1,815, making a total of 17,865. Upon this basis estimates approximating 20,000 have been quoted for the entire Sulu Archipelago. According to the general registry of the diocese of Jaro, published in 1895, there were 1,424 Christians. The languages are Moro-Joloano (Suluano), and Moro-Sámal, with an infusion of Visayan words in the latter. Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Island and pueblos. Men Women. Total. Sulu (Joló): Bongao.... Jolo (Sulu). Siasi........ 43 32 75 556 106 276 40 832 146 Total..... 705 348 1,053 The Moro population does not appear, as it is included among the inhabitants of Tawi Tawi. The towns and villages will be found under the groups. Sulu, the capital, is the finest town in the archipelago, and has some pretensions to attractiveness. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The islands of the Sulu Archipelago number 188, from mere specks, only notice- able as a danger to navigation, to Sulu or Tawi Tawi, of geographical and econom- ical importance. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The flora is similar to that of Mindanao. The staples are rice, coffee, chocolate, corn, hemp, saffron, indigo, sesame, and cotton. Twenty varieties of rice from the Sulu Archipelago are mentioned in the catalogue of economic plants at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. These include black, red, and green rice and bearded paddy. It is stated that even this list does not exhaust the varieties existing in Sulu. While the hill men reap the product of the soil, the Bajanas gather the prod- ucts of the sea. During the NE. monsoon, especially during the months of January, February, and March, when it is at its strongest, the principal occupation of these toilers of the sea is shark fishing under the lee of the S. islands of the group. MINERALS. There are no metallic substances known to exist in commercial quantities in any of these islands. FORESTS. The woods are varied in species and valuable in quality, including teak, one of the most important timbers of the East, camúning, molaue (molave), narra, mangacha- puy, ipil, cedro, and palo hierro. The cocoanut, cabo negro, burí, and nipa palms grow extensively. The forest products also embrace gum mastic, resins, and analo- gous substances. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 845 FRUITS. The mangosteen, bread fruit, bananas, etc., are prominent, but all the fruits of the S. islands grow abundantly. INDUSTRIES. The inhabitants of Sulu proper are skilled in certain branches of metal working, as the manufacture of chisels ( patu), long knives with sharp edges and points (lagut), hatchets (capa), and gauges (licut); also weaving for home use. The Chinese traders are the principal intermediaries of commerce between the islands of the Sulu Archi- pelago and the merchandise of the West, chiefly in times past Manchester goods, and prospectively the manufactures of the United States, opium from India, tobacco, and other articles in exchange for pearl and pearl shell, shark's fins, beche de mer, and native manufactured cordage. Of these articles pearl shell (Sulu pearl) forms by far the largest proportion of the trade, and is sold in London as Manila shell. A small steamer belonging to the Chinese merchants at Singapore visits Sulu and Maibún (Maimbún) to deliver goods and take away the shell and other produce to Singapore. These steamers fly the English flag and are officered by Englishmen, but the business of the ship and cargo is managed entirely by Chinamen. The rais- ing of horses, cattle, cara baos, and goats is extensive. Owing to the dominance of the tenets of the Koran, hogs are not part of the meat products of the islands. The most important occupation of the archipelago, particularly in the Sulu, Tapul, and Laparan (Tawi Tawi) Is., is pearl and shell (mother-of-pearl) fishing, both of value, and exported in large quantities to Manila and Singapore, chiefly the latter, the present emporium of the pearl and shell trade of the Far East. fly the Englishake away the shingapore visite la shell, UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The advance of the United States occupation arrived at Sulu, relieved the Spanish garrison May 19, 1899, and opened the way to friendly relations with the Sultan and his Moro subjects. Under special orders and instructions of the military governor in the Philippines in July, 1899, negotiations were opened resulting in an agreement between the representative of the United States and the Sultan of Sulu and certain datos named, acknowledging and declaring the sovereignty of the United States over the whole archipelago of Sulu and its dependencies, the United States flag to be used on land and sea, the rights, dignities, and religion of the Moros to be respected, and certain monthly salaries to be continued. The stipulations, in 15 articles, were signed in English and Sulu at Joló (Sulu) August 20, 1899, by the principals. The report, treaty, and accompanying papers were transmitted to the United States Con- gress February 1, 1900, and printed as Senate Doc. No. 136, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. On February 15, 1902, the Sulu Archipelago was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Bongao. Joló (see Sulú). Siasi.* Sulu. $ CIVIL GOVERNMENT. In accordance with the terms of the agreement of August, 1899, the government of the local Moro Sultan and datos has been allowed to continue under the supreme jurisdiction of the United States. MORO CUSTOMS. Four groups having different customs may be distinguished among the inhabitants of the archipelago: the Guimbajanos, or inhabitants of the mountains, who are the indigenes; the Malay and Visayan slaves, whose descendants have intermarried; the Samales, an inferior race though not slaves; the true Moros, who trace their origin from the Mohammedan invaders and who dominate the other inhabitants. The name Sulu, notwithstanding the long presence of merchant steamers traversing the interisland waters, is regarded among the inhabitants of the other islands as a synonym for cruelty, treachery, and ferocity. Piracy was a fixed occupation, with the natives of this archipelago. Fleets fitted out in Sulu carried their depredations as far as Singapore and Bangkok on the one side and New Guinea on the other. It is * Telegraph. $ Post-office. 846 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ho admit their lisery are birthhey aster. The even claimed that they penetrated in their daring voyages as far as Polynesia, spread- ing devastation and misery wherever they went. The people are intelligent, inde- pendent, and fairly moral in their lives. The better class are grave, polite, and dignified in demeanor. Polygamy and slavery, the accompaniments of the doctrines of Mohammedism, flourish. To work for wages is unknown in Sulu. As a rule, the slaves are fairly happy, well treated, and not overworked. They live on the same food as their masters, and the wife they wish for is generally obtained for them, but their children are also slaves. The causes of slavery are birth, being stolen into captivity, from debt, and those who admit their liability to servitude under the sons of their father's master. The latter, however, are practically free. In the sale of slaves, divers are valued at $100, while ordinary men and lads are worth $40 to $60. Girls vary from $50 to $100 according to age and beauty. The Sulu language is one of extreme difficulty, and it is stated that there are not a dozen persons who can speak it. Mr. Haynes, who framed an extensive dictionary, found greater resem- blance between the Sulu and Fijian languages than between the Fijian and the other Malayan tongues. The source of the original migration will probably never be known. In the Fijian language there are numerous dental consonants and final vowels, while the Sulu with a mouth full of betel nut and sirah, drifts into labials and gutturals. There exists among the Sulus a distinctively preserved tradition of Sarah and Abraham. Physically the Sulu natives are superior to the ordinary Malay type, and according to Streeter, are a strange mixture of villainy and nobility. SULU (GROUP), SULU ARCHIPELAGO. (Soo-loo, nat.) Capital: Sulu, lat. 6° 3' 40" N., lon. 120° 58' E. Area: Mainland, 351 sq. m.; dependent islands, 29 sq. m.; total, 380 sq. m. Population: 14,415 men for war. Race: Moro. Language: Moro-Suluano. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindonao. Table of distances. From Sulu to- Balanguingui (Balanguingui group)...... Isabela de Basilan (Basilan group).... Laparan (Tawi Tawi group)....... Manila, Luzón, S..... Pangutárang (Pangutárang group).. Tapul (Tapul group)... Tatán (Tawi Tawi I.). 37 251 90 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The Sulu group occupies a central position in the archipelago of the same name, between lat. 5° 46' and 6° 14' N. and lon. 120° 50' and 121° 17' E. On the N. and NE. lie the islands of the Balanguingui group; on the E. the Célebes Sea; on the S. the Tapul group, and on the W. the Pangutárang group, all of the Sulu Archipelago. AREA. The land area of the group is: Sulu, the main island, 333 sq.m.; dependent islands, 47 sq. m.; total, 380 sq. m. The land and water are from Bitnán, WSW. to Pt. Silangan; Sulu is 42 m., and Theomabal I., SE. to Carangdalto Pt., 43 m., 1,806 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. All of the larger islands are volcanic. Sulu, the largest and name island of both the archipelago and the group, has 12 important summits, one 1,450, in the extreme E.; another, 2,106 ft., in the SW., between Maibún (Maimbún) and Párang; still another, 2,766, about the center of the N. coast, and the highest, 2,894 ft., NNE. of Párang (Silangan Pt.). There are many small streams, usually torrents, during the rainy season, and dry, or nearly so, the rest of the year. Each of the islands of any size is formed of a central peak sloping to a narrow stretch of comparatively level land along the coast. The islets are generally rocks, the whole system indicating summits of a subterranean range which forms the foundation of the archipelago from Basilan to the E. coast line of Borneo. MORO BOATS MEETING THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION AT SULU. STREET IN SULU. HAM MORO HOUSES, SULU. PALM TREES. View in Sulu, Sulu Islands. LIGHT-HOUSE AND SIGNAL STATION, SULU. A SAILBOAT OF THE MOROS. MOROS OF SULU. MORO FARM SHELTER, SULU. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 847 BAYS AND HARBORS. Carondong; on the SE. coast of Sulu. Dalrymple; harbor, E. of Tutú Bay, on the SE. shore, is the best anchorage in the group. Lubán; on the SE. Maibún, or Maimbún; on the S. coast, is a small but safe harbor sheltered by 2 small islands. Pitogo; on the SE., between Sang and Tandican Pts., affords safe anchorage, but is exposed to the winds from the SE. Pinungan; on the SW., S. of Cabucan, on the S. part of Lapac I., Tapul group. Sulu; on the NW. coast, between Pts. Dinangápit and Belan, a good anchorage, with a depth from 18 to 29 fms., and sheltered by the Cabucan and the cluster of islets around it from the NW. Talayan; off the N. coast of Sulu, and forms the port of the same name. Tutú; on the S. coast, has some pretensions to size and is well sheltered from the S. by Pata I. LIGHT-HOUSE. A light-house is located at Sulu, at the head of the pier in the harbor of that name, lat. 6° 3' 40% N., lon. 120° 58' 40'' E., 37 ft. above the sea and visible 7 m. from an octagonal tower of rough masonry painted white. The red light is shown from the N. arm of the cross forming the head of the pier. A green light is shown on a post at the end of the mole. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. A horse trail between Sulu on the N. and Maibún (Maimbún) on the S. coast, with a few trails among the mountains to different parts of the islands of Sulu, are the primitive ways of intercourse on land. Transportation of the products of the islands to Sulu, the steamer point, is by water in native craft. The port is in steamer communication with Manila and Singapore. (See Sulu town.) POPULATION AND TOWNS. The number of men governed by datos or panlimanes serviceable for war, 1901, is given at 14,415. The native population is divided into 2 classes, the hillmen (Panjimba), the tillers of the soil, and the coast people (tan Bajan), the toilers of the sea. The former cultivate rice, tapioca, and other food plants, and breed horses, cattle, and water buffalo. Maibún, or Maimbún; on the S. coast is the residence of the Sultan. Párang; on the SW. shore. Sulu; p. 0. and the capital of the archipelago and the island; a garrisoned town on the NE. coast. (See Sulu town.) A number of villages lie along the coast and inland, the inhabitants being engaged in agriculture and grazing for their own wants, and pearl and shell fishing for export. ISLANDS. The group comprises 34 islands, islets, and rocks charted (which see for descrip- tion): Islands of the Sulu group. sq. m. Bancungan; N. of Sulu, near the main island... Bitinan; in the NE. extremity, 722 ft. high...... Bubuán; NNW. of Sulu, 498 ft. high.. Cabucan; NW. of Sulu; 4 small islands lie between it and Cabmuan. Capul; N. of the E. extremity, 1,066 ft. high. Damocan... Dongdong; S. of Sulu.... Drybank..................::::**** * Gujangan and several small islets off the N... Hígad (Hégad); NW. of Sulu.... Lahat Lahat. Lumbían; S. of Sulu ... Marongas; NW. of the center of Sulu.. Mimo; N. of Sulu. Minis; N. of Sulu ... 848 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Pala (Pata): off Tutú Bay, S. shore of Sulu, 1,434 ft. high; a small island lies to the E..... Palliagan; NW. of Sulu... Panganaa; W. of Sulu ...... Pangasinan... Pantocanan; NW. of Sulu .... Párang Patián; S. of Sulu. Paticolo; N. of Sulu ...... Sulada; SW. Sulu.... Sulu; the largest island of the archipelago of that name, midway in the chain of islands between the Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, and the coast of E. Borneo, at Dalvel Bay. It is 37 m. E. and W., and 14 m. N. and S. at its widest, and 3m.at its narrowest points. The surface consists of fertile plains and a number of peaks, with an area of 333 sq. m. (See Physical features, Sulu I.) Tacud; N. of Sulu. Talayan; off the N. coast of Sulu, low and level.. Tambulían... Teomabal; N. of Sulu I. Teomabal; NE. of Sulu, Tubayan .... Tulián; sw. of Sulu. Tulián (second), 513 ft. high, off Dalrymple Harbor, N. coast of Sulu I. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. Rice, corn, coffee, cotton, and chocolate are raised chiefly for home consumption and a little hemp, indigo, and sesame for export. MINERALS. The mountains of the main islands have not been scientifically explored, and no traces of minerals in paying quantities have been reported. FORESTS. The most valuable woods of the S. islands, as teak, molaue (molave), narra, ebony, etc., grow abundantly. FRUITS. The mangosteen, bread fruit, oranges, bananas, aud other fruits of the tropical lati tudes of the Philippines grow luxuriantly either wild or cultivated. INDUSTRIES. The mechanical industries are confined to weaving in its most primitive state for domestic use. Grazing in the hills and fishing, pearling, and gathering of mother- of-pearl shell for export along the coast engage the greater share of the industria, energy of the people. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. An expedition of United States troops visited Sulu, the capital of the archipelago May 19, 1899, since which time the town has been one of the United States garrisons in the Philippines. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The local government, in accordance with the agreement between the United States and the Sultan of Sulu, signed August 20, 1899, is a continuation under United States sovereignty, of the authority of the Sultanate. SULU (soo-loo), nat.; central and name island of Sulu A., 37 m. from E. to W. and 14 m. N. and S., averaging 6 m. in width or 380 sq. m. in area. On NE. lies Balanguingui, to SW. Tapul, and NW. Pangutárang grps. of archi- pelago, while to SE, stretches Célebes Sea, on opposite side of which lies Célebes A. Physi- cal characteristics present series of hills and valleys, latter under extensive cultivation, Scenery possesses all beauty of park. Loftiest of mountain peaks inland, from Silangan Pt. at SW. end, rises to 2,894 ft., while on N. is another peak 2,766 ft. Coasts and islands, especially on N., are wooded, clean, steep-to, and indented with bays, where there is good anchorage; most sheltered being that of Tulián or Dalrymple on N. side. Aspect of island from sea is very pleasing, mountains SULU-Continued. being covered with magnificent forests of valuable woods broken here and there by native plantations, in many instances to very summit. Climate is particularly fine. Offi- cers of H. M. S. Samarang reported "Climate of Sulu, although so near equator, enjoys much more even and cooler temperature than that of Mindanao. Nights are sensibly cool and although island abounds in water mos- quitoes are not troublesome.” Soil is ex- tremely fertile. Large population is engaged in agricultural pursuits. Population of is- land, it is claimed, in 1863, was 88,360, scat- tered through 44 villages, among which were 4 distinct races. This would indicate a large diminution by disease, feuds, or other casual- ties incident to savage life as compared with GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 849 YABULAR VISINA Kalast Retal Marcogs S. Doc. 280— o ... 11 P: Diangappi 54 .....: Maba PSB Fort SULU mant Hous anas SULU ISLAND SUR Twiani SULU ROAD STEAD ( Jolo of the Spanish Charts Surveyed by Captain Sir E. Belcher, RX.C.B.1845 with commention from Spanish Charts of 1872. PiBean Lat. 63: 'N..Long. 12058.53E. Belcher AXE&C. 38 Springs rise a fret Coundinge in fathoms Natural Sealers Patalaan Sea montargis 850 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SULU-Continued. SULU, or JOLÓ-Continued. latest estimates. Imports are chiefly rice. bes Sea, on S., to Mindoro Sea N. of 10th par- hardware, and cotton goods. Exports: Pearl allel, on N., and 360 naut. m. from channel shells, pearls, shark's fins, trepang (beche de between Negros and Dapitan, Mindanao, on mer), and choice cabinet woods. In channel E., connecting it with sea of Mindanao, to between Sulu roadstead and Marongas is Balábac Strait, between it and China Sea on pearl-oyster bed which is fished over by fleet W. With exception of 3 small clusters of of boats numbering 60 to 70. (See Sulu A.) islands, Cagayanes W. of Negros and St. -roadstead between Dinangapit and Belan Michaels and Cagayán Sulu Is., in its SW. Pts., open to N. and W. During fresh NW. waters, it is generally free from islands. winds vessels seek shelter in Malbún (Maim- During monsoon season it forms inner pas- bún) road. Anchorage is N. of town, off SW. sage for steamers between Singapore and angle of Fort Alfonso XII. Fixed light Manila and Hongkong, island of Palawan stands on shore. (See Sulu town.) acting as shelter against these severe winds on W. It is also principal route between SULU, or JOLO (soo-loo, nat.; haw-law', Sp.) Manila and Mindanao, Sulu A., and Palawan. (also known as Tiangi); ancient residence of Sultans, capital of island, group, and archi- SULÚAN (soo-loo'-ahn), ver.; conspicuous island pelago of that name, on roadstead between approaching Sámar, Mindanao, from Pacific; Dinangapit and Belan Pts., on NW. coast of Buena Señal of celebrated Legaspi expedi- Sulu I., 540 m. almost due S. of Manila and 99 tion; 104 m. E. of Malhón I. and 121 m. SE. m. SW. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. Intersec- S. from S. point of Samar; nearly 1 m. in tion of lat. 6º and lon. 121° E. lies 4; m. SE. length and moderate height, with several by E. of town, which occupies important po- rocks on its W. side. Being to windward at sition geographically with reference to com- entrance to Surigao Strait, it is used by navi- merce between Luzon and Visayan Is. on gators as point of approach entering from N., Borneo and Célebes on S. and SE.; numer- Pacific. ous groups and islands which extend into | SÚLUC (soo-look), nat.; hamlet on NW. shore of Pacific Ocean W. and to Australia. Present Sibuguey Bay, in Zamboanga, Mindanao, 62 m. import and export trade of place is mostly NNE. of Zamboanga. controlled by Chinamen. In direct communi- SULUCAN (800-lool-cahn), Tag.; village in Santa cation by steamer with Singapore and Manila; Cruz, Manila, NE. of Bilibid prison. also large native interisland trade. Pearl- oyster bed in channel between Sulu anchor- SÚLUNG (soo-loong), nat.; point on NW. coast of age and Marongas employs large number of Biliran I., NW. of Leyte, 2 m. NW. of Almería. boats, Sulu being seat of industry. Popula SUMACAP (S00-mah-cah-capp), nat.; hamlet on tion is estimated at several thousand. Peak Grand de li Pampanga Riv., 9 m. N. of San 2,766 ft. high rises on E. Scarcely trace of Isidro, Nueva Ecija, Luzon. (Also Samacap.) ancient town of Sulu, perched on pilesin air, SUMADELL (soo-mah-dehl'), Sp.; hamlet in W. remains. In 1878, when the Spaniards deter- summits of Grand Cordillera Central, at head- mined to permanently occupy archipelago, waters of Abra Riv., in Lepanto, Luzón, 4 m. site, having advantages of location, was NE. of Cayán. Pop., 550. cleared and foundations of fortress laid. Town within brick walls with redoubts and SÚMAG (soo'-mahg), ver.; pueblo of Negros Occi- blockhouses on hill built by Spaniards is dental, at mouth of Suinan Riy., on E. shore planned with 3 fine streets planted on either of Guimarás Strait, 5 m. S. of Bacolod, and 12 side with rows of árbol de fuego (fire trees), m. E. of nearest land of Guimarás Strait. bananas, and cotton trees. Houses are paint Pop., 4,332. ed white or whitewashed, not having nipa SUMAGUI (soo-mah'-gee), nat.; river emptying roof so common in archipelago. Stone pier into sea on E. coast of Mindoro, 31 m. SSW. of extends 360 yds, into deep water, with light Mayllague Pt. house at seaward end. Substantial quar- SUMAL (soo-mahl'), ver.; islet on SE. fringe of ters for officers and men, business places and rocks and bare peaks, off E. shore of Siasi I., storehouses are erected, and water supply for Tapul grp., Sulu A. public and private buildings. There is newly constructed market house to accommodate SUMANDAL (soo-mahn-dahl'), nat.; hamlet on S. large number of Moros who gather on market coast of Leyte, 3 m. ESE. of Maasin, on coast days with fruits and merchandise. United road. States light-house of this port stands on N. arm SUMBÁN (soom-bahn'), nat.; point on SE. coast of of cross forming head of pier, lat. 6° 3' 40" N., Dávao, Mindanao, and E. head to Sarangani lon. 120° 58' 40" E., 37 ft. above sea level; Bay. visible 7 m. and illuminates are of 180° sea- - high point at E. head of Sarangani Bay, S. ward. Green light is shown on post at end coast of Dávao, Mindanao. of mole. Official report to Department of War, giving military view, said (1900): "It is -point W. head to Canalasan Cove, Saran- hardly more than good-sized military post, gani Bay, Dávao, Mindanao. beautifully laid out, with broad, clean streets, SUMBANG (soom-bahng'), ver.; hamlet in Samar, lined with flowering trees and gardens, and N. coast, 3. m. SE. of Catarman. surrounded by loop-holed wall about 8 ft. high and 1 ft. thick. Population is estima- SUMBA-SUMBA (soom'-bah-soom'-bah), ver.; ex- ted at 400, mostly Chinamen, 1 German, no treme SE. of mass of islets lying off E. shore other Europeans; 4 male Moros live within of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. walls. Public buildings are in dilapidated SUMÍLAO (S00-meel-lah-oh), nat., inland town in condition. Governor's residence and office NE. Misamis, Mindana, on E. slope of Min- is 1 small building. There is 1 group of bar- danao range trending S. from Macajalar Bay, racks (4 buildings) which will accommodate 15 m. SE. of Cagayan de Misamis. 1 battalion. Theater will accommodate 1 company, and outlying blockhouses 2 compa SUMILON (soo-mee'-lohn), nat.; islet m. long nies. Commissary, post-office, schoolhouse, and 177 ft. high, 1 m. off SE. coast of Cebú, 4 hospital for about 10 beds, market, and some m. E. of Santander, and ENE. 3 m. from few small structures compose remainder of Tañón Pt. public buildings." island 61 m. N. of Bilan Pt., low and steep- - great inland sea of P. A., S. of lat. 10°, S. to. On E. side is Surigao Strait, off W. coast boundary of Paragua, Palawan, Cuyos grp. of Dinagat I., off N. coast Surigao, Mindanao. lying to N., Panay, Negros, and Dapitan and Zamboanga (Mindanao) to E., Basilan I., SUMPUÑGAN (soom-poong'-ahn), nat.; mountain Sulu A., and Borneo to S., and Borneo, Balá- in SW. Leyte. bae, and Palawan to w. It is 300 naut. m. | SUMÚHIT (soo-mool-heet), nat.; bay on NW. coast from Alice channel, connecting it with Céle of Daram I., off W. coast Sámar. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 851 MINDANAO 1. PORT SURIGAO Surveyed under the direction of CAPTAIN CLAUDIO MONTERO. Sponish Navy 1864 Surigao o Lat. 9o 47:30"N. Long. 125932:0"E. (Approx.) NAENETIC VARIATION. HCARLY........ ...0*52'E (1900) ....GTATIONARY 2 1 1 20 23 9 Cables 10 Ses mile 852 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. SÚMUT (soo'-moot), ver., hamlet on NE. coast of Basilan I., off SW. peninsula of Zamboanga, Mindanao, on S. shore of strait of that name, Sulu A. SUNCÁN (soon-cahn'), nat.; islet off SE. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. SUNDA (soon'-dah), ver.; hamlet on E. coast of Cebú, 2 m. S. of Sibonga, on coast road. SUNDOAN (soon-doh'-ahn), nat.; mountain in s. Central Sámar, about 13 m. E. by S. of Cal- biga, on whose summit is large lake, center of amphitheater of high ranges which send their drainage through numerous small streams from every direction into this central basin, forming source of Calbiga Riv., empty- ing into Villareal Bay. SUNGAP (soon-gahp'), nat.; village on island W. of Sipac I., Balanguingui grp., Sulu A. SUNGAY (soong-i'), Tag.; peak 2,547 ft. high, in Maquiling range, between Cavite and Batan- gas, Luzón. SUNGI (soong'-ee), ver.; point on S. shore of Can- dolu I. and S. landmark of Sámar, opposite and across sea channel to Handig Pt., 12 m. SW., N. land of Homonhón I. SUNLUNG (soon-loong'), ver.; river entering on E. shore of Davao Bay, Dávao, Mindanao. SUNT (soont), ver.; river in Abra, Luzón, rising in Sw. spurs of Grand Cordillera Central and emptying into Tineg. SUOC (swock), ver.; hamlet on N. shore of Sulu I., Sulu grp., Sulu A. SUPAN (soo'-pahn), ver.; hamlet in N. part of Guimarás I., Off E. coast Iloilo, Panay. - river in E. Albay, Luzón, emptying into La- gonoy Gulf. SUPANGA (S00-pahn -gah), ver.; hamlet near r. shore of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao, 31 m. E. by N. of Cotabato. SUPANGAN (800-pahng'-ahn), nat.; town and creek emptying on r. bank of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao. SUPE (sool-pay). ver.: hamlet on W. shore of Sa- rangani Bay, S. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, 82 m. SSW. of Davao. SUR (soor), Sp.; point in island of Burias, Mas- bate, Visayas. SURIBAO (soo-ree-bah'-oh), ver.; hamlet in SE. Sámar, near river of that name, 9 m. NW. of Lanang. - extinct volcano on l. bank of river of same name in SE. Sámar. - river in SE. Sámar, rising in Cantoragan Mt., SW., not far from source of Vasey Riv., which flows into San Pedro and San Pablo Bay on SW.coast, and flowing NE. empties into Pacific Ocean 24 m. S. of Borongan into estuary closed by bar. SURIGAO (SOo-ree-gah'-oh), ver.; strait and ocean highway between Sulu Sea on SW. and Pacific Ocean on NE., great island of Mindanao con- stituting its S. shore and islands of Negros, Cebú, Bohol, Leyte, Panaon, and Samar its N.; strait is famous in history of islands as route taken by Magellan after crossing Pacific, discovering P.I. Strait is now less frequented at certain seasons than San Bernardino, which is more windward in NE. monsoon; it is, how- ever, more direct, safer, and deeper through- out than that strait, and of decided advantage to vessels, steam or sail, going to S. Philip- pines and Sulu Sea. Steamers from Cebú Sea making for ports on E. coast of Mindanao, take E. passage between Dinagat and Bucas I. and main coast of Mindanao. port on N. coast of NW. Mindanao and 12 m. SW. of Dinagat I. and 6 m. SE. of Bilaa Pt., Mindanao. - point and anchorage in NE. Mindanao. capital of province of same name; town stands on shore of r. bank of river of same name on extreme N. coast of Mindanao. Pop., 6,285. Inhabitants are almost entirely engaged in collecting pearl shells and tre- pang, and in washing gold-bearing soil in vicinity. On July 1, 1879, owing to succes- sion of earthquakes, ground in neighborhood of Surigao and Bilambilam sank 2 ft. In con- sequence of these physical disturbances, in October of same year pilots declined to an- chor vessels off town in less than 90 ft. All government and most of substantial build- ings were rendered uninhabitable. Anchor- age of town is Bilambilam. SURIGAO, MINDANAO, PROVINCE OF. (S00-ree-gah-oh, nat.) Capital: Surigao, lat. 9° 48' N., lon. 125° 30E. Area: Mainland, 12,539 sq. m.; 83 dependent islands, 662 sq. m.; total, 13,201 sq. m. Population: 83,125, exclusive of wild races. Race: Visayan. Language: Visayan and local dialects. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. Table of distances. From Surigao to- Cebu, Cebu... Dapitan, Mindanao..... Manila, Luzón..... Manila, via Surigao Strait, Visayan and Mindoro seas, and Verde Pas Misamis, Mindanao.. Tacloban, Leyte ........... m. 110 162 459 159 140 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Surigao occupies the entire E. seaboard of the island of Min- danao from Surigao Strait to Mayo Bay. It is bounded on the N. by the bay of Butúan, the dependent islands of Dinagat and Siargao, and the strait of Surigao, which separates it from the mainland of Leyte, 29 m. to the NW.; on the E. by the Pacific Ocean; on the S. by Dávao, and on the W. by Misamis. PORT AND TOWN OF NASIPIT. NOST MOUTH OF THE RIVER AGUSAN, BAY OF BUTUAN. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, 853 AREA. It measures 217 m. from N. to S. and 83 m. from E. to W. Area, 12,539 sq. m; 83 dependent islands, 662 sq. m.; total, 13,201 sq. m., or nearly 10 times the size of the State of Rhode Island, 3 times the size of Connecticut, nearly twice the size of Mas- sachusetts and New Jersey, and nearly 3,000 sq. m. larger than Maryland. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The territory of Surigao is traversed from N. to S. by 2 ranges, the E. paralleling the Pacific shore, and the other forming the boundary with Misamis. The E. range gives rise to the rivers flowing to the right of Agusan and also to the little rivers of Quinquín, Matiao, and Lumlug, which deposit their waters in the E. side of the gulf of Dávao. Besides these ranges spurs extend in both directions, sending their waters to the streams which empty into the Pacific or into those running into the Agusan from its r. banks. The Agusan is one of the finest rivers of the archipelago. Rising across the borders of Davao, after a course of 51 m. it passes through a chain of lakes, thence continuing its course and receiving many tributaries, enters the bay of Butúan through 3 mouths. It drains the entire valley of central Surigao, averaging from 40 to 50 m. in width. Overlooking this valley at its N. terminus is Mt. Tendido, 3,251 ft. high, 11 m. inland from the provincial capital; 28 m. farther S. rises Mt. Legaspi, 3,888 ft. high; and on the l. bank of the Túbay Riv. is Mt. Urdaneta, 6,214 ft., one of the loftiest mountains in the chain. BAYS AND HARBORS. The coasts of Surigao and the larger dependent islands are indented with numer- ous bays, of which the following are the most important: Baganga; also a military station on the E. shore between Dáguet and Lambajón Pts., with 11 fms. depth. Bilan Bilan, or Bílam Bílam; a small port on the most N. point, and 1 m. S. of Surigao town. Bislig; comprised between Pts. Tagtaba on the S. and Maslic on the N. Masalu- ron, off the E. mainland, divides the entrance into 2 channels, the S. having from 6 to 46 fms., and N. 3 fms., with 2 fms. at the mouth of the Dugan Riv. Butúan; on the N. coast, 21 m. between heads, the W. of which, Diuata, is the terminus of the boundary with Misamis. Along the shores of this bay, which is one of the finest in Mindanao, are several deep and secure anchorages. Caraga; on the E. coast, 24 m. N. of Mayo Bay on the S. boundary. It has 68 fms. Gabó; on the SE. shore of Dinagat I. and a point of refuge for vessels on that coast, between Mindanao and Sámar and Leyte. Liangá; on the E. coast between Umanun on the N. and Baculín on the S., 15 m. Several small islands shelter it from the Pacific. Malinao; on the NE. coast of Dinagat I. Its landmark is a peak 1,726 ft. high. Another bay immediately S., and from which it is separated by Cascada Pt., is overlooked by a peak 2,325 ft. high. Masípit; on the S. side of Butúan Bay, near the river of the same name. Sapao; on the NW. coast of Siargao I., with headland 620 ft. high. A number of small bays protected by islands lie along this shore. Sibonga; on the NW. shore of Bucas I., sheltered by the islands in Dapá channel. LIGHT-HOUSES. At Matí, on Pagoda Bay, 2 fixed red lights, 26 ft. above the sea, visible 5 m., indicate the entrance to the bay, the red light showing seaward and the white light within the harbor. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are few roads, the means of communication, owing to the mountainous character of the country, being by native boats along the coast and on the rivers and lakes which cover the great central valley. POPULATION AND TOWNS. In 1887 the population was 67,760, and in 1898, 85, 125, estimated, exclusive of the wild races of the mountains. A number of dialects are spoken, the Visayan being the most important. 854 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The following is the division of Surigao into pueblos, with their respective popula- tion, according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 547 556 437 592 414 436 Surigao: Anao-aon..... Bacuag ...... Baganga.. Bislig ...... Bumanan Butúan.. Cabúntog Cantilán.. Caraga ... Carrascal. Catel. Dapá ....... Dapúan Dinagat. Gigáquit. Ginatúan Jabonga. Lanuza .. Liangá .. Mainit... Nonoc .. Numancia Oteyza..... Placer... Quinablangan San Juan. Sapao.... Surigao. Taganaán. Tago.... Talacogon. 288 2,065 989 3,082 1,439 1,014 825 1,143 145 1,189 2,798 1, 256 842 1,100 1,210 1,033 337 1,370 771 458 262 173 778 602 409 297 2,063 979 2,963 1, 404 915 858 1,138 130 1,154 2, 755 1,238 819 1, 107 1,177 973 330 1,308 770 435 276 168 770 2,459 1,005 1,214 779 1, 213 1,055 1,103 851 1,194 845 585 4, 128 1,968 6,045 2, 843 1, 929 1.663 2, 281 275 2, 343 5,553 2,494 1, 661 2, 207 2,387 2, 006 667 2,678 1,541 893 538 341 2, 493 1,021 1,548 4,952 2, 026 2, 416 1,568 2, 443 2, 155 1.202 789 1, 230 1,070 Tándag ... Túbay .. Total 34, 393 33, 704 68,097 Estimated, 1901, 85,125. There are 90 towns besides those named, situated either on the coast or on the navigable streams. In addition are 12 towns on the dependent islands, a total of 102. Each town represents a number of hamlets in the vicinity. The following are the most important towns: Surigao; the capital, on the r. bank of the river of the same name, on the extreme N. point of Mindanao, 4 m. SE. of Bilan (Bilaá) Pt. This district was the site of the first Spanish mission in the archipelago. Pop., with the village of Anao- aon, 6,285. Bislig; at mouth of a river entering the SW. arm of the bay of the same name, 127 m. SE. of Surigao. Pop., 7,583. Butúan; at the head of the delta of the Agusan and diverging point of its 3 out- lets into the bay of Butúan, 11 m. N. and 101 m. S. of Surigao. Formerly a coman- dancia along that bay and inland on the Agusan Riv.; is one of the finest districts in Mindanao. In 1872 a monument to Hernando de Magallanes was erected here. Pop., 10,543. Cabúntog; on the extreme SE. coast of Siargao I., on a fine bay, sheltered by Dacô I., 49 m. E. of Surigao. Pop., 4,175. Cantilán; on the shore of a large bight on the NE. coast, 47 m. SE. of Surigao. Pop., 10,026. Caraga; pop., 8,690. Dinagat; on the SW. shore of the island of the same name, 16 m. NE. across the channel from Surigao. Pop., 5,264. Esperanza; on the r. bank of the Agusan Riv., 23 m. above its outlet in the bay of Butuan. Pop., 2,460. Gigáquit; on the NE. coast, 27 m. SE. of Surigao. Pop., 7,116. Liangá; at the head of the large bay of the same name, 102 m. SE. of Surigao. Pop., 6,340. Pop: buntos. E. he sho GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 855 Maínit; on the N. shore of the lake of that name, 22 m. S. of Surigao. Pop., 4,550. Numancia; on the W. coast of Siargao I., its anchorage being well protected by numerous islands. Pop., 4, 111. Placer; on a small bay on the NE. coast, 13 m. SE. of Surigao. Pop., with Taga- naán, 4,713. Prosperidad; at the W. foot of the coast range, among the head waters of the Gibong tributary to Lake Pinayat. Pop., 3,144. Taganaán; on the extreme NE. coast, 10 m. SE. of Surigao. Pop., with Placer, 4,713. Talacogon; on the l. bank of the Agusan, 38 m. above its mouth, 7 m. below the outlet of Lake Pinayat, and 96 m. S. of Surigao. Pop., 11,585. Tanday; at the mouth of a river entering the head of a large bay, on the E. coast, and sheltered by Dinagat I. Pop., 8,345. Játiva; on the r. bank of the Agusan, 17 m. above its entrance into Lake Sadocun, 99 m. S. of Surigao. Pop., 1,343. Viruela; between the r. bank of the Agusan and Linao Lake, about the center of the great valley, 127 m. S. of Surigao. Pop., 4,597. . 8.0; on the pinágat' f a rive DEPENDENT ISLANDS. 1 The following are the islands adjacent to the coast and within this provincial jurisdiction: sq. m. Aininsan; off the NW. shore of Liangan Bay, E. coast. Amagadpayat; in the channel between the NE. coast and Bucas I., and the most SE. of a chain leading N. near to and along the coast. Anajauan; 11 m. E. of Bucas. Arangosa; off the opening to Canai Bay, E. coast........ Auki; 3 m. SE. of General I., off the E. coast... Ballena (whale); 9 m. off Tugas Pt., E. coast......... Banculin; a cluster of 6 islands and rocks off the point of that name, E. coast... Bayatúan; one of a group of 10 islands between Guntúan and the extreme NE. mainland of Surigao ..... Besol; in the W. entrance to the channel between the mainland and Dinagat on the N. Bucas; 15 m. N. and S., 7 m. E. and W., between the mainland and Siargao I., across Dapa Channel on the NE....... Off the NE. coast lie 6 islands, 2 of them of some size and belonging to the Bucas grp....... Cabacan: off SW. coast of Dinagat I...... Cabangan; 1 m. off the extreme NE. coast of Surigao between Bayatúan I. and the mainland. Cabgán; off the mainland SE. of Cabangan I.; 2 clusters of islets and rocks, one of 5 about 4 m. to the SW., and another of 5 about 10 m. in the same direction, lie off this coast. Cubago; 6 m. S. of Catarman Pt.; another island lies inshore off the N.... Cubcub; off the center of the W. coast of Dinagat I. Cupiat; a cluster in the NE. angle of Davao Bay. Daco; 11 m. E. of the S. point of Siargao I...... Davis; in front of Bislig Bay, E. coast. Dinagat; N. of the N. point of Surigao, from which it is separated by a channel 10 m, wide. It is 43 m. from N. to. S., and 15 m. from E. to W.; it is traversed along the W. shore by a mountain chain beginning with a summit 3,337 ft. high, 4 m. S. of the extreme N. point, and at intervals 2 peaks, 1,726 and 2,395 ft. high, respectively, N. and S. of Cascada Pt. Mt. Tristán, farther S., is 2,074 ft., while in the extreme SE., overlooking Port Gobo, is another elevation 1,791 ft. high.; on the SW., separated by very narrow channels, dry at low water, lie 2 islands, 3 and 6 m. long; most S. has an elevation of 1,060 ft., which constitutes an important landmark in the channel approaching Surigao town from the E.; it is well sheltered along the coast. The inhabitants are occupied in mining gold and the collection of wax, honey, and other natural products of the soil and forests ...... 9 unnamed islands lie off this coast .. General; in the bay between Tugas and Cáuit Pts., NE. coast. Gibuson; W. of Desolacion, the extreme N. point of Dinagat I., and in the N. entrance to Surigao Strait...... Gidpó; in the W. entrance to the channel between the mainland and Dinagat to the N., 5 m. SW. of Dinagat... . .......... ............................................ ....... ... Guntúan; 5 m. SE. of Dinagat, at the entrance to the channel between that island and the extreme N. shore of Surigao; to the SW. are scattered 10 islands. Guyang: off the Sw. shore of Siargao I....... Jalián; in mid-channel between Dinagat and Siargao ... Jobó: off the point of that name in Liangan Bay, E. coast ........ Lajanosa; S. of the entrance to the Dapá channel, between Siargao, 9 m. NW., and Bucas I. on thes. Lenungan; in the bay, NW. coast, between Cáuit and Tandog Pts. Magabao; in the entrance to a small inlet, 5 m. N. of Canai Bay, E. coast.... Mancahurón; 1 of a cluster or 4 islands SE. of Sancop Pt....... Mancayangui; in the opening of the bay S. of Cáuit Pt., NW. coast... Masaluron; in the entrance of Bislig Bay, E. coast. An island of nearly the same size lies inshore in the same bay ..... Mauis; NW. of Sancó Pt., W. coast. Nagúbat; a cluster of 2 islands and rocks in the channel between the NE. mainland and Bucas I. Oanioan; small and semicircular, SW. off Batiano Pt., E. coast. Palotes; off the W. coast of Dinagat I., S. of the entrance to Port Libolio. Pujada; in the entrance to Balete Bay in front of the town of Mati. 887 .. . 856 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ... 190 sq. m. Siargao; 20 m. NE. of Surigao, Bucas I. lying about the middle of the channel separating them, it is 22 m. from N. to S. and 14 m. from E. to W.; off its NW. coast are 9 unnamed islands dis- tributed in the channel between it and Dinagat I. on the W.... Sibale; on the SW. shore of Dinagat I.. Sibanog; on the SW. of Dinagat I., separated by a very narrow channel. A larger island lies between it and Dinagat. Sibunga; one of the Unip clusters, W. of the S. end of Dinagat. Sigáboy; off the E. shore of Dávao Bay. Similon; 3; m. E. of Gipdó, between it and Dinagat. Santa Cruz; in the N. waters of Davao Bay. Tabucaya; one of the Unip clusters, W. of the S. end of Dinagat..... Tigboso; off the entrance to Hinacuan port, 2 m. N. of Bislig Pt.; 3 small islands lie between it and the mainland ...... Twins; 2 islands in the entrance to a bay between Berrugosa and Desolación Pts., on the extreme NW. coast of Dinagat I... Unamao; a cluster of 3 small islands, 6 m. N. of Cantilán Pt.. E. coast. Unip; a group of small islands, 6 in. W. of the S, end of Dinagat I., including Sibunga and Tabu- caya Is. 83 dependent islands, total area 662 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. Cotton, hemp, rice, sugar cane, tobacco, indigo, corn, sweet potatoes, and other products of the S. portion of the archipelago grow abundantly. The cocoanut, betel nut, and betel pepper are grown for the market. MINERALS. Gold is found not only in the mountains of the mainland, but is an important indus- try among the inhabitants of Dinagat I. Indications exist of large quantities of coal in this province. FORESTS. Iron, wood, molaue (molave), teak, ípil, and other timber useful for naval con- struction and building comprise the principal forest growth. Sun juniper, cypress, and cogon, or reed grass, cover extensive tracts. Gums and resins are obtained in large quantities. FRUITS. The choicest varieties of pineapples, mangosteens, and bananas and other fruits grow wild. INDUSTRIES. There are no mechanical industries other than those required for supply of fabrics and the primitive articles used in domestic industry. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. In March, 1900, Surigao, among other points on the N. coast of Mindanao, was occupied without opposition by the United States troops. On February 15, 1902, the province of Surigao was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Surigao. a CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Surigao was created under the provincial government act” of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the P. C. May 15, 1901, to embrace “that terri- tory of the island of Mindanao known under the Spanish sovereignty as the district of Surigao.” PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor Secretary .. Treasurer. Supervisor Fiscal .. $1, 600 1, 100 2, 300 1, 800 1, 350 a Telegraph. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 857 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceeding $2.50 per day, as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet and organize on the third Monday in April and October to consider improve- ments needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. The jurisdiction of the enabling act is expressly stated not to extend to the gov- ernment of members of non-Christian tribes living therein, who shall, notwithstand- ing this act, be subject to the jurisdiction of the departmental government of the island of Mindanao thereafter to be established. The police powers of the provin- cial government and of the municipalities established in the province, under the municipal code, as to non-Christian tribes, to be exercised only to prevent or prosecute breaches of peace or crimes by members of non-Christian tribes against Filipinos, citizens of the United States, or foreigners, but not to be exercised to main- tain the peace or prevent crime between members of the non-Christian tribes. SURITA (soo-reel-tah), Sp.; hamlet in E. Iloilo, I SUYAK (S00-yack'), ver.; islet 1. m. off NE. coast Panay, E. by S. of Passi, 5 m. of Negros Occidental, 37 m. W. of Panag- sagon. SUSAN (s00/-sahn), ver.; island SE. of Panay. SUYO (soo'-yoh), nat.; hamlet in Abra, Luzon, SUSO (SOO'-soh), nat.; small stream on W. coast on 1. bank of Abra Riv., 4 m. SW. of Bangued. of Cebú, 11 m. N. of Tuburan. hamlet in Lepanto, Luzón, 2 m. N. of SUSOHNG-DALAGA (soo. sohng-dah-lah' - gah), boundary with Benguet. Pop., 750. Tag.; mountain in Talim I., Laguna de Bay, SUYUC (S00-yooc'), ver.; hamlet in Lepanto, Lu- Rizal, Luzón. zón. Copper is found in vicinity. SUTÚAN (S00-tool-ahn), ver.: islet in Pacific - tributary of Abra Riv., Abra, Luzon. Ocean, 13 m. SE. of extreme SE. point of Sa SYOIN (see-oh-in), nat.; poiñt on NE. shore of mar, and 10 m. E. of Cagosoan. Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 859 TAAL (tah-ahi'). Tag.: volcano on Bombón (Bongabón) 1., 1,050 ft. high, Lake Taal, Ba- tangas, Luzón; second volcano in impor- tance in Luzón; rises from island 14 m. in circumference, between parallels 13° 52' 4" and 14° 7' 42" N. lat., and lon. 120° 53' and 121° 5' E.; composed mainly of lava and vol- canic rocks. Crater oval and measures in its greatest diameter from E. to W. 7,667 ft., and in its lesser diameter from N. to S. 6,333 It.; greatest height on SW.1,067 ft. above level of lake. From this point decends on both sides to height of 500 ft. on NW. and ESE., and again rises to height of 780 ft. on N. Walls of crater are steep and floor extends in form of elliptical plane destitute of vegeta- tion. Has 2 steaming lagunas at its foot. Round stones with augite of crystals of horn- blende are found; also white feldspar and 5 varieties of rocks. Recorded dates of eruption are 1709, 1715, 1716, 1731, 1747, 1754, 1808, 1873. - pueblo and p.o., E. shore of Balayán Bay, 11 m. ESE. of Balayán, 13 m. NW. of Batangas by highway. Coast low and sandy, but steep- to; lies at entrance of Pansipit Riv. into which vessels of 100 tons can enter; anchor- age N. of mouth of river lies near shore and well sheltered. Pop., 33,378. Inhabitants are engaged in raising crops, pasturing cattle, fishing, and coasting trade. Town is fortified. Important sulphur deposits in adjacent re- gion. Mt. Macalog is landmark. - hamlet in Bulacan, Luzon, 3m. NE. of Bulacán, Manila and Dagupan R. R. -- river resembling strait, 31 m. long, con- necting Taal Lake with Balayán Bay, S. coast of Batangas, Luzón; stream formerly naviga- ble, but owing to bar at its mouth small ves- sels can only enter at high tide. Important channel of local trade and by land transpor- tation of about 10 m. from head of Taal Lake to Calumba on S. shore of Laguna de Bay, native products may reach Manila by inside route. - hamlet in W. suburbs of Iloilo, capital of Iloilo, Panay. - hamlet on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 1 m. S. of Barbaza. TAAL, or BOMBÓN (tah-ahl', bohm-bohn'), Tag.; large lake in Batangas, Luzón. Active vol- cano of Taal in center of Bongabón (Bom- bón) I., which rises out of waters of lake. (See Taal volcano.) - bay and anchorage in S. Batangas, Luzón. TAANCÁN, or NINIPO (tah-ahn-cahn', nee-nee'. poh), ver.; point on extreme SE. projection of Leyte, 111 m. SE. of Malitbog. TABAANG (tah-bah-ahng'), ver.; hamlet on SW. shore of Leyte, 3 m, N. of Baybay. - mountain in Leyte. TABABOT (tah-bah-boht'), Tag.; river in pueblo of Rosario, Batangas, Luzón. TABACA (tah-bah'-cah). ver.; hamlet on 1. shore of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, midway between Liguasan Lake, Cotabato, Mindanao. TABACO (tah-bah'-coh), Sp.; pueblo on NW.shore of bay of that name, E. coast Albay, Luzón, on gulf road, i5 m. N. of Albay. Large trade with Manila, steamers calling frequently. Between Legaspi and Tabaco, 75 m. around Rapu-rapu I. Pop., 18,000. TABACO, bay in S. part of Lagonoy Gulf, fronted by San Miguel and Cacraray Is., and by them formed into excellent and capacious harbor, 6 by 3) m. Entrance between Natanaguan Pt., on main coast of Albay, Luzón, and Guinambán Pt. on San Miguel I., is 7 cables (5,400 ft.) wide. - plain near base of Malinao or Buhi Mts., in Ambos Camarines, Luzón. TABAG (tah-bahg'), Tag.; creek and point in Lu- bang I., off NW. coast Mindoro, in China Sea entrance to Verde Passage to Visayan Sea. TABAGAN (tah-bah-gahn), nat.; town in NE. Cebú. TABAGANG (tah-bah-gahng'), nat.; river entering on NW. shore of Pagarian Bay, W. side of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. Tiguma is at its mouth. TABAGO (tah-bah'.goh), ver.; hamlet at mouth of small river on W. coast of NE. peninsula of Surigao, Mindanao. Mt. Urdaneta, 6,214 ft. high, lies between it and current of Túbay Riv., 9 m. to NE.; 42 m. S. of Surigao. TABAGON (tah-bah'-gohn), nat.: river in lat. 140 6' N., lon. 122° 11' 14" E., flowing NNW. near boundary between Ambos Camarines Norte) and Tayabas, Luzon, and emptying into 86- god Bay. TABAGUI (tah-bah-gee), ver.; hamlet on point of that name, 2m. E. of Talibón, N. coast of Bohol, Visayas. (See Tabigui.) TABAGUIN (tah-bah'-geen), Tag.: point on SW. coast of Lubang I., China Sea, Off NW. coast of Mindoro, at entrance to Verde Passage. - bay with 8 islets, Sw.coast Lubang I., NW. of Mindoro, at entrance to Verde Passage. TABÁN (tah-bahn'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Minalabae, Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. TABANG (tah-bahng'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Piat, Cagayán, Luzón. 4 m. E. of r. bank of Chico de Cagayán Riv., 25 m. NW. of Tugue- garao. Pop. 2,897. -- mountain in NE, Leyte. TABANGAN (tah-bahng'-ahn), nat.; N. branch of Sipalay Riv., Negros Occidental. - mountain in NW. Sámar. TABÁNGAO (tah-bahng'-ah-oh), nat.; river in Ba- tangas, Luzon, flowing W. and emptying into bay of Batangas, TABANGO (tah-bahng'-oh), and CAMPOPO (cam- poh'-poh), nat.; 2 bays separated by Liglio Pt., on NW. coast of Leyte, S. of Tabines Bays. TABAO (tah-bah'-oh), nat.; point on N. coast of Mindoro near Calapan. (See Calapán Pt.) - hamlet in Union, Luzon, lat. 16° 27' N. point extreme SW. shore Ambil I., Lubang Is., NW. of Mindoro, entrance to Verde Pas- sage. - inland hamlet of Cápiz, Panay, 11 m. S. of Banga. TABARÉN (tah-bah-rayn'), ver.; river in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzon, after receiving many tributaries, emptying into Pacific Ocean through small bay near Capaloniga. TABAWÁN (tah-bah-wahn'), ver.: island on S. side of Sigbuye Passage in Cinapusan grp., Sulu A., has several small islands and islets on reef S., separated from Bintoulan and Cinapusan by 30-ft. channel; 2 m. S. of W. 860 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TABAWÁN-Coutinued. TABLAS-Continued. islets of Tabawán are patches of rocks just wide and free from danger; passage usually clear of surrounding sea. Island is thickly taken from Verde I. passage to Jintotolo populated. Considerable fleet of native boats channel. (See Romblon Province.) leave Tabawán in season for pearl-oyster - W. branch of ſlog Riv., Negros Occiden- banks. tal. TABAY (tah-by'), nat.; point and river in Biliran TABLAZO (TABLASO), or MARLANGA (tah-blah- I., off NW. coast Leyte. thoh, mar-lahn'-gah), Sp.; mountain in E. TABAYÓN (tah-bah-yohn'), ver.: hamlet on SE. Marinduque, off SW. coast Tayabas, Luzón. coast of Davao, Mindanao, 85, m. S. of Davao. - point on E. coast of Marinduque I., lat. Saddle Mt., 3,600 ft. high, lies 6 m. inland. 14° 10' N. TABGÁS (tahb-gass'), nat.; mountain in S. central TABLAZO DE CÁPIZ (tah-blah'-thoh day cah'- range of Leyte, 10 m. E. of Albuera. peeth), Sp.; inland sea included between is- TABIA, or TOVIO (tah'-byah, toh'-yyoh), ver.; lands of Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyán, and hamlet in Benguet, Luzón, 24 m. NE. of Tri Masbate on N., and Panay on S. nidad. Pop., 537. TABLE, for.; point N. head of Fish Bay, 3 m. TABIAUAN (tah-byah-wahn), ver.; river on NE. of Hen and Chickens, W. coast of Para- NW. shore of Basilan I., off sw. peninsula of gua, Palawan, capped with conical hill. Zamboanga, Mindanao, entering port Isabela About 2 m. E. under table range, at foot of near NE. entrance. Mt. Peel, is beautiful waterfall. TABICU (tah-bee'-coo), ver.; point in Panay. I TABLE HEAD, for.; scarp where range of Victo- TÁBID (tah'-bid), nat.; point and creek 1 m. SW. ria Peak approaches sea, 12 m. NE. of Maltby shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. I., SE. coast of S. Palawan. Landmark SW. TABIGA (tah-beel-gah), ver.; point on E. shore of of Sand Bay Pt. on shore approaching Puerto Princesa from S. On N. side of head is small Panguil Bay, in SW. angle of Iligan Bay, N. inlet for boats. coast of Mindanao. Between this and Tibut Pt., to SW., very high, 2 peaks reaching eleva- TABLON (tah-blohn'), Sp.; small stream entering tion of 1,762 and 2,313 ft. Guimarás Strait 4 m. NE. of Guilhungan, TABIGANGAN (tah-bee-gahng'-ahn), vem.; hamlet Negros Occidental. in SW. Sámar, 2 m. NW. of Basey. TABO (tah'-baw), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Bula, TABIGUI (tah-bee'-gee), nat.; point on SE. shore Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, lat. 13° 28' N. of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. TABOC (tah-bock'), nat.; river entering China - creek emptying on E. shore of Misamis Sea in Bataan, Luzón. port, Misamis, Mindanao. - islet off W. coast of Leyte. (See Paslogan.) - point 2, m.NE.of Talibón, N. coast of Bohol, - hamlet on E. shore of Illana Bay, Cota- Visayas. bato, Mindanao, N. of Matimas Pt., 264 m. TABÍN CHICO, TABÍN GRANDE (tah-been' chee- NW. by N. of Cotabato. coh, tah-been' grahn'-day), Hisp.; 2 small - point NW. of Langaran, on SW. shore Ina- bays, 24 m. by 1 m., separated by tongue of mucan port, NW. shore Iligan Bay, Misamis, land ending in Sangubon Pt., on NW. coast Mindanao. of Leyte; Tabín Grande N. of Tugas Pt., and TABOCNALO (tah-bock-nah'-loh), ver.; mountain Chico N. of Sangubón, latter sea end of hamlet in SW. Misamis, Mindanao, 3 m. NW. peninsula which separates the two; San Isidro of NW. angle of boundary of Cotabato with is at head of Tabín Chico, and Arévalo on Misamis, 5 m. N. by W. of intersection of N. SW. shore of Tabín Grande. boundary of Zamboanga with W. boundary of TABINAY (tah-bee-ni'). nat.; river in Marin Cotabato in Tres Reyes Mts. duque, off SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzon. TABOGÓN (tah-boh-gohn'); pueblo on E. shore TABINAY CHICO (tah-bee-nigh' cheel-coh), Hisp.; of Tañón Strait, 64 m. N. of Barili, W. coast bight stretching SE. by S. of Varadero Bay, of Cebú, 22, m. W. of Cebú. Pop., 8,631. along N. coast of Mindoro. TABOGUE (tah-boh'-gay); mountain on E. coast TABINAY GRANDE (tah-bee-nigh' grahn'-day). of Sámar, inland from Alibangbang Pt. Hisp.; point in N. Marinduque, off NW. coast TABOILÁN (tah-boy-lahn'), ver.; hamlet on S. Tayabas, Luzón. shore of Batauan port, W. coast of Cebú, 6 m. - bight on NE. coast of Mindoro, approach N. of Taburan. ing Varadero Bay. | TABOLOTAN (tah-boh-loh-tahn), ver.; creek and TABINTABISNÁN (tah-been-tah-bees-nahn'), nat.; point in Tablas, Romblon grp., Visayas. point on W. coast of Sámar, lat, 11° 26' N. TABÓN (tah-bohn'), nat.; hamlet and river of TABIONG (tah-byohng'), nat.; mountain in NE. Negros Oriental, 2 m. N. of Hibayo, E. coast. Leyte. - islet 3 m. WNW. of Namanuco Pt., E. coast TABIPANAN (tah-bee-pah-nahn), ver.; point in of Bohol, Visayas, on ocean front of Cobton Mindoro. Bay. TABIQUI (tah-bee-key), Tag.; point in Batangas, -point on E. coast of Negros Oriental, 2 m. Luzón. N. of Hibayo. TABLA (tah-blah), Sp.; point at s. head of Bi - island 2 m. E. and w. in Batán Bay, N. nunsalían port, on NE. coast of S. Palawan. coast of Cápiz, Panay. TABLÁN (tah-blahn'), nat.; small tributary of TABONAN (tah-boh'-nahn), nat.; extreme point Magat Riv. from E. in Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. of peninsula between Imurúan and Malam- TABLAS (tah'-blahs), Sp.; island 35 m. long, larg- paya bays and w. head at entrance to latter, est of Romblon grp., Visayas; lat. 12° 30' N., Paragua, Palawan. lon. 122° E., intersects island. Mountainous. - high, rocky point on NW. coast of Dapitan, On its NE. extremity is Cabeza de Tablas, bold peak 2,405 ft. high. Island lies 15 m. N. of NW. Mindanao, with anchorage in bay formed by extremity of Panay and 10 m. E. of Romblon this with Dáuit Pt. I. On N. end are 2 small islands. On W. - (See Ross Cape, NW. coast of Paragua, coast are several fine sheltered anchorages for Palawan.) small craft. Area, 40 by 11 m., greatest dis- - point on NW. coast of Semerara I., Min- tances. Coast generally low and fertile. doro Sea, off SE. coast of Mindoro. Chief town Loog. Industries of inhabitants are agriculture, pasturing, and fishing. Pop., TABONES, DE LOS (day lohs tah-boh'-ness), 20,000. Channel between NE. point of Tablas Hisp.; island off N. coast of Sámar, lat. 120 I. and Romblon and Cobrador Is. is 3m. 37' 30'' N. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 861 TABONG (tah-bohng'), ver.; mountain in NE. TABUT (tah-boot'), ver.; point on SE. shore of Leyte, 4 m. NE. of Alang-Alang. Panguil Bay, in Sw.angle of Iligan Bay, Misa- TABONTABÓN (tah-bohn-tah-bohn'), ver.; pueblo mis, Mindanao. in E. Leyte, 15 m. SW. of Tacloban, connected TABUTUTU (tah-boo-tool-too), nat.; island off E. with Dagami by road. coast of Bataan, Luzón, in bay of Manila, at TABORGÓN (tah-bohr-gohn'), ver.; river rising mouth of Orani Riv. on E. slope of Sierra Madre, empties into bay TACATACAN (tah-cah-tah'-cahn), nat.; small bay of Sógod, Ambos Camarines, Luzón. on SW. shore of Murciélagos Bay, Dapitan, TABOT (tah-boht), ver.; small river emptying Mindanao. into China Sea S. of Port Santo Tomás, Unión, -point at E, head to several inlets ending on Luzón. W. in bay of same name, sw. shore Murcié- TABOYOI (tah-boh-yoy'), nat.; summit 256 ft., on lagos Bay, Dapitan, Mindanao; 4 rocks of con- E. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, siderable prominence lie off this point. Luzón. TACBAC (tahck-bahg'), nat.; hamlet in Lepanto, TABU (tah'-boo), nat.; point on W. shore of Ili Luzón, 14 m. from Cervantes. Pop., 502. gan Bay, Misamis, Mindanao, 104 m. N. of en TACBOLO (tahck-boh -law), ver.; NW. island, 300 trance to Panguil Bay; forms landmark of ft. high and nearly 1 m. in length, in fair- approach to Misamis port from N. Jiménez wy of inner strait to inner Malampaya Sound, lies near mouth of river, which finds its out W. coast Paragua, Palawan. let N. of point. TACBUBUC (tahk-boo-book'), nat; islet of Cuyos TABÚAN (tah-bool-ahn), nat.; river entering Cé grp., Mindoro Sea, 14 m. SE. of Agutaya. lebes Sea on W. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, TAC-CONG (tahk-cong), ver.; pueblo of Bontoc, SE. of Tapián Pt. Luzón, 14 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 645. - coast hamlet in Leyte, 2 m. S. of Inopacan. TACLIGAN (tah-clee-gahn), ver.; point N. of - coast hamlet in N. Concepción, Iloilo, Pa entrance to Real de Lampón port on E. coast nay, 8 m. S. of Carles. of Infanta, Luzón. cluster within larger Cinapusan grp., Sulu | TACLOBAN (tah-cloh -bahn), ver.; pueblo, p. o., A., 2 m. to S. and W. of Ubián I., on Camba m. o., and capital of Leyte, on S. shore of SE. channel; consists of number of islets and end of San Juanico Strait, on NW. shore of rocks on E. edge of large coral reef (Bukut San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, 1 m. opposite Kut) which stretches away for 5 m. from Ta- coast of Sámar and 338 m. from Manila. Is búan, which is inhabited, with rocks Lijat N. starting point of coast road along coast 33 Lijat on NW. extreme; charted and named m. to Abuyog and from which branch roads islets and rocks of this cluster are Lijat-Lijat, extend from different points inland. Pop., Pasegan Guimba, Pasegan Sámal, and Ta 5,226. búan. TACO (tah'-coh), Sp.; hamlet on E. coast of Min- - name and only inhabited island of small danao, 19 m. s. of Cáuit Pt. cluster of islets and rocks S. and W. of Ubián TACOUAINMANOC (tack-cwah-een-mah-nock'), I., Cinapusan (Kinapusan) grp., Sulu A. ver.; mountain in pueblo of Bangued, Abra, TABUANG (tah-bwahng'), ver.; mountain near Luzon, N. of town. SW. coast of Leyte, 8 m. NNE. of Baybay. TACQUÍAN (tac-key'-ahn), ver.; hamlet in Ben- TABUIAKA, or CABAKIAN (tah-boo-yah'-cah, guet, Luzón. Pop., 386. cah-bah -kyahn), ver.; islet of Unip cluster, | TACTAC (tahk-tahk'), nat.; point on W. coast of on E. side of Surigao Strait, Surigao, Minda- Samar, 7 m. SE. of Weyler. nao. TACTAY (tahk-tie'), ver.; point in Sámar. TABULÍAN (tah-boo-lee'-ahn), ver.; point in S. Mindanao. TACTO (tahk'-toh), Sp.; hamlet on NW. shore of Tutú Bay, S. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A., 13) m. TABULUNGA (tah-boo-loong'-ah), ver.; mangrove SE. of Sulu. island separated from Tawi Tawi by narrow and doubtful channel (Maiput) off E. coast | TACUBANHÁN (tah-coo-bahn-hahn'), nat.; island of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. E. of Panay. TABÚN (tah-boon'), nat.; point at extreme NW. TÁCUD PABUNÚAN, or TÁKUT PABUNÚAN (tah'- end of mainland of Capiz, Panay, 13 m. SW. cood pah-boo-noo-ahn, tah'-coot pah-boo- of South Pt., Tablas I., Romblon grp., across nool-ahn), nat.; outlying island in W. waters sea channel, and is separated from Buracay I. of Balanguingui grp., Sulu A., 29 m. NE. of to NW. by channel m. Taguadian Is. lie Sulu. off shore to NE. TACUPAN (tah-cool-pahn), nat.: island off N. TABUNACAN (tah-boo-nah'-cahn), ver.; hamlet coast of Marinduque, lat. 13° 34' 10" N. in NE. Cápiz, Panay, 3 m. SE. of Pilar. TACUYON (tah-cool-yawn), nat.: hamlet in cen- TABUNAN (tah-boo-nahn), nat.; point on extreme tral range of Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. NW. of Tu- SW. coast of Panay. (See Caducdula Pt.) bungan. - point E. of entrance to Uson Bay, Masbate | TADIÁN (tah-dyahn'), ver.; hamlet 3 m. NE, of I., Visayas. Cayán in Lepanto, Luzon. Pop. 450. - point in Maricabán I., S.of Batangas, Luzón. | TADMONAN (tahd-moh'-nahn), nat.; point on SW. TADMONAN (tahd-me - point on NW. extreme of Ticao I., Masbate shore of entrance to Pujada Bay, SE. coast of grp., Visayas, and E. head to Port San Miguel. Dávao, Mindanao, opposite Pujada I. TABUYAO (tab-boo-now'). ver.: point in s. Min- | TAEBÚN (tah-ay-boon'), ver.; channel between danao. Canaguan Is., off extreme E. shore of Ambos TABUNGAO (tah-boong-ah'-oh), nat.; village on Camarines, Luzón. 1. bank of Tabungaosheadwaters of Bacat Riv., TAGABACÁ (tah-gah-bah-cah'), yer.; mountain Cotabato, Mindanao. and hamlet at N. foot in central range of - headwaters of Bacat Riv., Cotabato, Min Leyte, 7 m. SW.of Abuyog, on E. coast. danao. TAGABAQUIT (tah-gah-bah-keet'), ver.; hamlet TABURAN (tah-boo-rahn), nat.; small stream on N. shore of Mayo Bay in Davao, on E. coast emptying into Guimaras Strait 1 m. N. of of Mindanao, 3 m. w. of Tugudun Pt., SE. Silay, Negros Occidental. end of boundary between Dávao and Surigao, - inlet and point in Cebú. and 53 m. ESE. of Dávao. TABUSAO (tah-boo-sah'-oh). ver.: low. flat island TAGABUKA (tah-gah-boo-cah), ver.; river in W. of Pinandungan Pt., off Pacific shore of Surigao, Mindanao, which enters Agusan Riv. Ambos Camarines, Luzón. at its mouth. 862 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TAGABULÍN (tah-gah-boo-leen'). ver.; point and TAGAYTAY-Continued. port on W. shore of Dávao Gulf, Mindanao. with various ramifications on both sides, as TAGÁCAY (tah-gah'-ky), ver.; river rising in Milo far as S. boundary of Cavite, where Masala- Mt., reaches sea 14 m. NW. of Hirigatungan say Mts. are situated. It then curves to NE. Pt. until it meets Sungay range, serving through this distance as boundary between Cavite and - hamlet in Sw. Sámar, 3 . NW. of Santa Batangas. Here Laguna range begins and Rita. runs N. and S. until it unites with Maquíling TAGALAN (tah-gah'-lahn), nat.; river in Panay. range. TAGALATÚN (tah-gah-lah-toon'), ver.; porton TAGBÁ (tag-bah'), nat.; point in Negros Orien- E. coast of S. peninsula of Davao, Mindanao, tal, on SW, shore of S. entrance to Tañón 3 m. S. of Calián Pt. Strait, 37 m. SW. and opposite Liloan Pt., TAGALIGUE (tah-gah-lee'-gay), ver.; point and Cebú, N. headland of S. approach to strait. hamlet on W. coast of Cebú, 9 m. N. of Tu- TAGBABAS (tag-bah'-bahs), ver.: cluster of 8 small buran. islands about central of Laparan grp., Sulu A. TAGALVAN (tah-gahl-vahn'), nat.; bay on N. TAGBAC (tahg-bahk'), nat.; hamlet in Iloilo, coast of Misamis, Mindanao, lat. 8° 35' 10'' N., Panay, 13 m. SE. of Leganés. lon. 124° 38' 29'' E. - river emptying on NE shore of opening to TAGAMPÓ (tah-gahm-poh'), ver.; islet off NW. Panlatúan port, Sw.coast of Sorsogon, Luzón. shore of Biliran I., off NW. coast Leyte. - bay on NW. coast of Lubang I., between TAGAMUNA (tah-gah-moo'-nah), ver.; point on Palápag and Alagasan Pts. Fort San Isidro SW.coast of Siquijor I., off SW. coast Bohol, stood near mouth of small river emptying and headland to San Juan de Macapilay. into this bay. TAGANAÁN (tah-gah-nah-ahn'), ver.; pueblo on TAGBANAN (tahg-bah'-nahn), nat.; point W. head NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 9 m. SE. of of N. entrance to Ambil Passage, between Surigao. Pop., 1,562. that island and Lubang SW., off W. coast TAGANGANO (tah-gahng-ah'-noh), nat.; bay on Batangas, Luzón. NE. shore of Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. TAGBÁ - NANG - DIOT (tag-bahh'-nahng-dyoht'), TAGANILAO (tah-gah-nee-lah-oh), nat.: point on nat.; mountain in central range in S. Leyte, SE. shore of entrance to Pujada Bay, SE. coast 13 m. SSW. of Abúyog. of Dávao, Mindanao. TAGBARÚS (tahg-bah-roos'), ver.; inland settle- TAGANITO (tah-gah-neel-toh), ver.; town on NE. ment of Tagbanuas in Paragua, Palawan. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 31 m. SE. of TAGBÁS (tahg-bass'), ver.; mountain in Leyte. Surigao; S. point of Bucas I. lies 8; m. E. TAGBAUAN (tahg-bah'-wahn), ver.; point in is- by N. land of Lubang, NW. Mindoro. TAGANOBANG (tah-gah-noh-bahng'), ver.; sum TAGBAYUG (tahg-bah-yoog'), ver.; bay on W. mit S. of Mesa de Palápag, in NE. Sámar. coast of S. Palawan, opening between Albion TAGANOBING (tah-gah-noh-beeng'), ver-; hamlet and Bog Pts., 3 m. near W. shore of deep estuary on S. coast of TAGBILARAN (tahg-bee-lah'-rahn), nat.; strait Leyte, 7 m. SW. of Sógod Nuevo. 1 m. wide between Bohol and Panglao, capi- TAGAO (tah-gah-oh), ver.; island in Tawi Tawi tal, Tagbilaran, and Dauis, lying on opposite grp., Sulu A., S. by W.,14 m. from Magpeos I. shores, respectively: is only navigable by Has 4 small peaks, highest of which, on NW. vessels drawing less than 6 ft. People along extreme, is 270 ft. high. Island is hilly on W. its shores are chiefly engaged in agriculture and flat on E. side, whole being covered with and turtle fishing. trees; deep channel between it and Magpeos. - pueblo, p. o., and capital of Bohol and Si- - one of E. islands of Tawi Tawi grp., in quijor Is., on extreme SW. coast of Bohol, Sigbuye Passage, 22 m. E. of Tawi Tawi, opposite Dauis, across sea channel, 1 m. on Sulu A. NE. point of Panglao I., and 32 m. NE. of TAGAPALA (tah-gah-pah-lah), nat.; island off Santa María de Carmina, on E. coast of Siqui- W. coast of Samar, 2 sq. m., lat. 11° 5' N. jor I., all within same provincial jurisdiction; capital is 26 m. E. across sea channel from TAGAPANGAN (tah-gah-pahng'-ahn), nat.; point Boljo-on, on E. coast of Cebú, and 365 m. from in S. Mindanao. Manila. People are largely engaged in turtle TAGAPORO (tah-gah-poh-roh), nat.; island off fishing. Pop., 8,638. NE, shore of Santiago I., off NE. coast of Zam TAGBÍN (tahg-been'), ver.; point in Leyte. bales, Luzón, and from which it is separated TAGBUBUAGAO (tahg-boo-bwah-gah'-oh), ver.; by narrow channel. hamlet on W. coast of Leyte, 6 m. N. of Pa- TAGAPULA (tah-gah-poo-lah'), nat.; island 3 m. lompón. N. and s. and 6 m. E, and W., midway in TAGBUC (tahg-book'), ver.; point on E. coast of channel between Samar (E.) and Masbate (W.), 13 m. off former and 8 m. off latter. For- Leyte, on bay 3 m. SE. of Abúyog. mation is volcanic and its summit may be | TAGBUGUN (tahg-boot-goon), nat.; island off NE. seen at distance. shore of Binuluangan I., extreme NE. coast TAGARARAS, or PAGODA (tah-gah-rah'-rahs, pah- of Iloilo, Panay. goh'-dah), ver.; mountain in S. Palawan, | TAGDALIT (tahg-dah'-leet), ver.; mountain in šW. of Marangás. ESE. Mindanao. TAGASIPAL (tah-gah-see-pahl'), ver.; island in TAGDÁN (tahg-dahn), ver.; hamlet on E. shore of channel between Maripipi and Biliran Is., off Albay, Luzon. NW. coast of Leyte. CAGDANGAN (tahg-dahng'-ahn); mountain in TAGAUAAN (tah-gah-wah'-ahn), nat.; hamlet in SW. Sámar, 8 m. E. of Villareal. pueblo of Surigao, Surigao, Mindanao. TAGDARANAS (tahg-dah-rah'-nahs), ver.; islet of TAGAUAYAN (tah-gah-wah'-yahn), ver.; island 1 Libucan grp., 2 m. off Tarangnán, W. coast sq. m., 174 m. NE, by E. of Cuyo, most E. of of Sámar. Cuyos Is., Mindoro Sea. TAGDUGAN (tahg-doo'-gahn), ver.; bay of Ticao TAGAYTAY (tah-guy-tie'), nat.; mountain system I. ,Masbate grp. in Visayas. in island of Romblon, Romblon grp., Visayas. TAGHARIGUE (tahg-hah-ree'-gay), nat.; moun- tain in Leyte. -- range traversing province of Cavite along boundary separating Cavite and Batangas. TAGICTIC (tah-hic-tick'), nat.; bay in extreme W. Beginning at Pt. Restinga, last of Pico de Loro arm of Barrera port, N. E. coast of Masbate, hills, which extend as far as entrance to Bay Visayas. of Manila; this range runs from NW. to SE., I TAGIL (tah-heel'), nat.; islands off Panay. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 863 TAGIRAN (tah-hee'-rahn), nat.; point 9 m. from TOGOPO (tah-goh'-poh), ver.; mountain in SE. Buloc Pt., on SW.shore of Albay, Luzon, show Mindanao. ing remarkable isolated hill with flat top cov- TAGOWOLBO (tah-goh-wohl-boh), ver.; island ered with plot of green distinct from rest and of Basilan grp., of sw. peninsula of Zambo- visible at great distance at sea. anga, Mindanao, lat. 6° 35' 20" N. TAGISÍAN (tah-hee-see'-ahn), ver.; point on E. TAGPOC (tahg-pock'), nat.; river emptying on extreme end of Olutanga I. and forming S. NE, side of Cabuluang Bay, E. arm of Nin headland at entrance to Sibulan port, S. coast Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. of Zamboanga, Mindanao. TAGSÍN (tahg-seen'), ver.; hamletin Iloilo, Panay, TAGJALIGUE, or JALIGUE (tahg-hah-lee'-gay, 5 m. NW. of León. hah-lee'-gay), nat.; point in Cebú. TAGSULIP (tahg-soo-lip'), ver.; town on 1. bank TAGLAUIGAN CHICO (tah-glah-wel-gahn chee'- of river entering Macajalar Bay, on its SW. coh), Hisp.; hamlet on NW. coast of Leyte, shore at Opol; town lies 10. m. w. by 8. of 5m. W. of Villalón. Cagayan de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. TAGLAUIGAN GRANDE (tah-glah-we'-gahn TAGTABA (tahg-tah-bah), ver.; point in S. Min- grahn'-day), Hisp.; hamlet on NW. coast of danao. Leyte. TAGLIMAO (tah-glee-mah-oh), ver.; town in val- TAGTADA (tahg-tah-dah), ver.; point in E. Min- danao. ley of Cayagán, 74 m. w. by S. of Capagán de Misamis, Misamis, Mindanao. TACTAGAN (tahg-tah'-gahn), nat.; island of E. shore of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A., at s. TAGLÓ (ta-gloh'), nat.; point on N. coast of Misa- end of channel, between it and Siasi. mis, Mindanao. TAGTURUS (tahg-tool-roos), ver.; hamlet on SW. TAGLOC (tah-glohk'), nat.; bay on S. coast of shore of Honda Bay, NE. coast of S. Palawan, Dávao, Mindanao, lat. 5° 48' N., lon. 125° 4' 7 m. N. of Puerto Princesa. 39" E. TAGUABONHÁN (tah - gwah - bohn-hahn'), ver.; TAGLORIA (tah-gloh'-ree-ah), ver.: river in Am- island 4. by 2, m., high and steep-to, in NE. bos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, emptying into entrance to Guimarás Strait, 4. m. SE. of Con- Bicol Riv., 3 m. above Nueva Cáceres. cepción, Iloilo, Panay, and 87 m. N. of Ma- TAGMAC (tahg-mahk'), nat.; mountain in pueblo napla, N. coast of Negros Occidental, little of Bangui, Ilocos Norte, Luzón, NE. of town. more than 1 m. SE. of Bakahuan headland TAGNÍBAY (tahg-neel-by), ver.; mountain in Dá- on coast of Panay, with which it forms strait vao, Mindanao, near extreme SW. boundary named Apitón. of Surigao, 14 m. inland NNW. of Mayo Bay. TAGUADIÁN (tah-gwah-dee-ahn'), ver.; cluster of TAGNIPA (tahg-neel-pah), nat.; shallow inlet in 7 islets on NE. of channel entrance between Ulugan Bay, Paragua, Palawan; Dean's Head NW. extremity of Capiz, Panay, and Bura- overlooks it. cay Is. Small crafts cun pass between them. -933 ft. high, central of 4 peaks inland from TAGUAGUIN (tah-gwah'-geen), ver.; hamlet of Broken Head, E. shore of Ulugan Bay, W. Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, on NW. coast of coast Palawan. bay, 11 m. s. of Aquí. - inlet on E. shore of Ulugan Bay between TAGUÁN (tah-gwahn), nat.; bay on NE. coast of Dalrymple and Beehive Pts., W. coast Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. Palawan. - river in Tayabas, Luzon, rising in Mala- TAGÔ (tah-goh'), nat.; island 31 by 1ị m., 2 m. sina Mt., flows S., receiving on its 1. affluents SE. of San Dionisio, E. coast of Concepción, Masino and Masiu, and after uniting with Iloilo, Panay, between Pan de Azúcar and Quiapo empties into Purin Riv. headland of Bacahuan. - hamlet on r. bank of Bac-hao (Bangahón) - hamlet in pueblo of Tandag on S. point of Riv., 1m. NW.of Gándara, Sámar. bay, on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, lat. 90, TAGUBAN (tah-goo'-bahn), ver.; small 8. tribu- 65 m., SE. of Surigao. Pop., 1,909. tary of Ulut Riv. in E. Sámar. TAGOBAC (tah-goh-bahk'), ver.; mineral spring | TAGUDÍN (tah-goo-deen'), ver.; pueblo of Ilocos in pueblo of Barili, Cebú. Sur, Luzón, on coast highway, 43 m. S. of Vi. TAGOLO (tah-goh'-loh), ver.; mountain near gan and immediately N. of boundary with SW. shore of Leyte, 3 m. E. of Albuera. Unión. Pop., 4,055. - point on extreme NW. coast of Misamis, - point on E. coast of Ilocos Sur, Luzon, W. Mindanao, where shore takes its SW. trend of town, lat. 16° 46' N., 2 m. N. of 8. boundary along Sulu Sea; adjacent waters at cable's with Unión. Bangar, of Unión, lies same distance give no bottom at 36 fms.; patch of distance S. of boundary on main road, cogónal on point is visible 20 m, at sea; shore TAGUGAN, or TRAGDUGAN (tah - gool - gahn, from Silla to Baloi Pt. is low and covered with trahg-doo -gahn), ver.; bay 71 m. SE. of San mangroves; from latter point to Tagolo is Miguel Pt., on E. shore of Ticao I., Masbate high and steep; inland 51 m. to SE. about grp., Visayas. center of peninsula which here forms NE. TAGUIAN (tah-geel-ahn), ver.; extreme SE. point shore of Dapitan Bay with N. coast of Min- of great bight on S. central coast of Tayabas, danao, is conspicuous summit, 1,397 ft. high, Luzon, known to navigatory as Tayabas Bay. which constitutes important landmark to navigators approaching NW. angle coast of TAGUIG (tah-geeg'), Tag.: pueblo on W. shore of Mindanao from E. or S. Laguna de Bay, in Rizal, Luzon, 81 m. SE, of Manila. Pop., 9,662. TAGOLOAN (tah-goh-loh'-ahn), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Jasaán, Misamis, Mindanao, on E. -- inlet on Laguna de Bay, Rizal, Luzón, on shore of Macajalar Bay. coast near pueblo of same name. - pueblo on S. side of mouth of river empty. TAGUILO (tah-geel-loh), ver.; hamlet on E. ing on E. shore of Macajalar Bay, N. coast of shore of San Pedro Bay, sw. Sámar, 11% m. Misamis, Mindanao, 9 m. NNE. of Cagayan SE. of Basey. de Misamis. Pop., 3,378. TAGUIMANOC (tah-gee-mah-nock'). ver.; hamlet - river in N. Mindanao. in Abra, Luzon, on 1. bank and at crossing of Abra Riv., 2 m. N, of Bengued. TAGONITA (tah-goh-need-tah), ver.: point on NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, opposite SW. | TAGUINTÍN (tah-geen-teen'), ver.; hamlet on ex- shore of Bucas I., 3 m., and fronted by Nang. treme SW. coast of Antique, Panay, 14 m. S. aba I. of Dao. TAGOO (tah-goh'-oh), nat.: island of Tawi Tawi | TAGUINTING (tah-geen-ting'), nat.; river in NW. grp., Sulu A., lat. 5° 19' 20" N. Bohol, emptying in sea 4 m. NE. of Lauis Pt. 864 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TAGUÍS (tah-gees'), nat.; hamlet near S. coast of | TAÍSAN; town, on river of same name, in SE. Ba- Dávao, Mindanao, 123 m. W. of Sarangani tangas. Luzon, terminus of highway from Bay and 90 m. SSW. of Dávao. Rosario, from which it is SE. 10 m. Pop., TAGUISÍAN (tah-gee-seel-ahn), ver.; point in Olu- 6,971. tanga I., off SE. peninsula of Zamboanga, TAITICAN (tie-teel-cahn), ver.; mountain in Min- Mindanao. doro. TAGUÍTIC (tah-geel-tick), nat.; E. coast hamlet TAJA (tah'-hah), Sp.; island of coral and sand of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 30 m. NE. of on Pearl Bank, Laparan grp., Sulu A., resort Zamboanga. for pearl and mother-of-pearl fishers. (See - creek emptying on extreme SW. shore of Pearl Bank.) Panguil Bay, SW. end of Misamis port, Misa TAJAO (tah-how'), Sp.; point and small stream mis, Mindanao. emptying into Tañón Strait, 2 m. S. of TAGULAYA (tah-goo-lah'-yah), ver.; point at N. Toledo, W. coast of Cebú. Tidal streams that side of small open bay on W. shore of Davao enter Tañón Strait from N. and s, meet off Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao. Town of Astorga this point. lies on SW. shore. TAJIRAN (tah-hee'-rahn, nat.; bay and point in TÁGUM (tah'-goom), ver.; river of Davao, Min- S. Sorsogon, Luzón. danao, which receives united waters of TAJO, or RÍO GRANDE DE CAGAYÁN (tah'-hoh'. Sahug (Salug) Riy. on E. and Libaganon on Sp.; ree'-oh grahn'-day day cah-gah-yahn, W., and after course of 12 m. enters Davao Hisp.); river and village in N. Luzon. (See Gulf on its extreme NW. shore. There are 10 Rio Grande de Cagayán.) ft. on bar at low water and 23 ft. within bar. | TAJUD (tah-hood'), ver.; point on NE. coast of Schooners can ascend stream for 6 m. Large Mindoro, 14 m. NW. of Dumali Pt.; has large town is situated some distance up river. isolated rock or cliff off its E. side, joined to Begar, town of considerable importance, is coast by rocky spit. situated 13 m. SW. of this stream on shore of Dávao Gulf. TAJUN-TAJÚN (tah-hoon-tah-hoon'), ver.; islet, 8 m. NE. of Getafe, N. coast of Bohol, Visayas. - bay E. of Sisiran port, off NE. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. TAKAPANGA (tah-kah-pahng'-ah), ver.; point on SW. side of extreme S. mainland of Davao, TAGUNA (tah-good-nah), ver.; point on SW. shore Mindanao, 47 m. WNW. of Tinaka Pt. of Leyte, 3 m. SW. of Cajaguaán. TAKBOLUBO (tack-boh-loo'-boh), ver.; well pop- TAGUNTUM (tah-goon-toom'), nat.; point on S. ulated Malay settlement 7 m. NE. of Segyam shore of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, (Segian) Is., on SE. coast of Palawan. In- Luzón. habitants raise goats, sweet potatoes, and fruit TAGUNTÚN (tah-goon-toon'), ver.; hamlet on E. in considerable quantities, which they barter shore of Macajalar Bay, N. coast of Min to passing vessels. Anchorage in roadstead danao, 24 m. N. by E. of Cagayan de Misa off settlement. Mantalingajan Mt. rises in- mis. land. - high point at extreme SW. shore of Catan TAKIT (tah-kit'), ver.; mountain in Ambos Ca- duanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzón. marines, Luzón. (See Malinao or Buhi Mt.) TAGUSAN (tah-goo'-sahn), nat.; point on NE. TAKOOT, or PABOONORIAN (tah-koh-oht', pah- coast of Mindoro, 1 m. SE. of Tajud Pt. and boh-oh-noh'-ryahn), ver.; island of Sulu grp., 113 m. NW. of Dumali Pt. Sulu A., lat. 6° 16' N. TAGUTAGAN (tah-goo-tah'-gahn), ver.; mountain TAKTAGAN (tak-tah'-gahn),ver.; islet at entrance in Leyte. to channel between Siasi and Lapac Is., Tapul TAGUTU (tah-goo'-too), ver.; small island off E. grp., Sulu A. side of Pilas I., Basilan grp., off SW. peninsu- TÁKUT MASILA (tah'-coot mah-seel-lah), ver. la of Zamboanga, Mindanao. (See Ríos rock.) TAGUÚS (ta h-goo-oos') nat.; point in SW. Leyte. TÁKUT MATAHA (tah'-coot mah-tah'-hah), ver.; TAGVIVI (tahg-veel-vee), ver.; hamlet on E. shore island at N, entrance of passage between of Davao Gulf, near extreme S. end of SE. Sangá Sanga and Tawi Tawi Is., Sulu A. peninsula of Davao, Mindanao, 52 m. SSE. of TÁKUT PABUNÚAN (tah-coot pah-boo-noo'-ahn). Dávao. ver.; bank of sand and shells 4 m. N. and s., and 2 m. E. and W., 18 m. WNW. from W. Bo- TAHAON (tah - hah-ohn'), ver.; mountain in hol I., and 20 m. N. of Sulu I. (See Tacud Pa- Sámar. bunúan, Balanguingui grp., Sulu A.) TAHING-TAHING (tah-hing-tah-hing'), ver.; vil - outlying island in W. Balanguingui grp., lage on N. side of Tabawán I., Cinapusan Sulu A. (See Tácud Pabunúan.) (Kinapusan) grp., Sulu A. Anchorage is at | TÁKUT SUNGU (tah'-coot soong'-00), ver.: island W. extreme of village. SE. by E. E. nearly 3 m. from E. Bolod, 2 m. TAHURUC (tah-hoo-rook'), ver.; SW. point of NE. to SW. and 17 m. in breadth, consisting Panglao I., SW. of Bohol, Visayas, 18 m. NE. of sand, gravel, and rocks, in Balanguingui of Lumango Pt., Siquijor I. grp., Sulu A. TAICELA (tie-thayl-lah). nat.: island off Malusa | TALABA (tah-lah-bah') (means oyster), nat.; Bay, N. shore of Basilan I., off SW. penin- hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, on sw. arm of sula of Zamboanga, Mindanao. Camansi Bay, 1} m. W. of Sapían. TAIKELA (tie-kay-lah),ver.; low, wooded island, TALABAAN (tah-lah-bah'-ahn), nat.; river enter- W. of Malusa Bay, W. coast of Basilan I., off ing on S. shore Barrera port, W. by S. of Aro- SW. peninsula of Zamboanga, Mindanao. roy, NE. coast of Masbate, Visayas. TAILÓN (tie-lohn'), ver.; islands of Calaguas grp., TALABAJAN (tah-lah-bah'-hahn), nat.; point W. T. Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao, 5 m. SW. of Misamis. TAIMANA (tie-mah'-nah), ver.; point on E. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. TALABÁN (tah-lah-bahn'), Tag.; river in Laguna, Luzón, rising on E. watershed of San Cristó- TAIMANOK, or KABALO (tie-mah-nohk', cah bal Mt., empties into Santa Cruz Riv., SSW. of bah'-loh), nat.: village on r. bank of Jabungao, pueblo of Magdalena. tributary headwaters of Bacat Riv., Cotabato, - islet 7 m. NNE. of Talibón, N. coast of Bo- Mindanao. hol, Visayas. TAÍSAN (tah-ee'-sahn), Tag.; river of Batangas, - island in E. arm of Laguimanoc Bay, S. Luzón, tributary to Lipajan Riv. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 865 TALABÁN GRANDE and CHICO (tah-lah-bahn' TALAND (tah-lahnd'), ver.; river in Panay, rises grahn'-day, chee'-coh), Hisp.; 2 rivers 11 m. in S. of Tapas Mt. and empties in Dumangas apart, emptying into sea on extreme N. coast affluents Lambunao and Passi. Negros Occidental, E. of Sacaba. TALARAN, or TATALAN (tah-lah'-rahn, tah-tah'- TALABANG (tah-lah-bahng'), nat., hamlet in lahn), nat.; NE. island, 387 ft. high, of Balan- pueblo of Jimamaylan, Negros Occidental. guingui grp., Sulu A. TALABASI (tah-lah-bah'-see), ver.; point and TALASIQUIN (tah-lah-see-keen), nat.; active sol. river on W. coast of Mindoro, on which stands fataric volcano in S. part of Paragua, Pala- town of Santa Cruz. wan, lat. 10° 30' N., lon. 119° 48' N. TALABE (tah-lah'-bay), ver.; hamlet and river | TALAVERA (tah-lah-vay-rah), Sp.; pueblo in rising in Macauili and Mandalagan Mts., at central Nueva Ecija, Luzón, on main road, N. end of central range of Negros Occidental; 19 m. N. of San Isidro. Pop., 2,720. river flows E. and falls into sea through small - lake in Nueva Ecija, Luzon, with circum- bay at head of which lies hamlet of same ference of 13, m. name, 31 m. S. of Calatrava, E. coast. In 1879 TALAY (tah-lie'), nat.; point Sw. shore of Bongo outcrops of coal were discovered in rivers which enter strait near this town and Cala I., off W. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao. trava, TALAYAN (tah-lah'-yahn). nat.; peak near 1. TALABONES (tah-lah-boh'-ness), Hisp.; 2 islands, bank of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Palipan, N., and Hirapsan, S., off Bunot Pt.. Cotabato, Mindanao. N. coast of Sámar, 5 m. NE. of Catarman. -S. point of Bongó I. and W. headland of S. TALACAG (tah-lah-cahg'). nat.; hamlet near r. entrance to Polloc Harbor, in Cotabato, Min- bank of main stream of Cagayan de Misamis, danao. Misamis, Mindanao. TALAYÔ (tah-lah-yoh'), Tag.; point in S. Bataan, TALACOGON (tah-lah-coh'-gohn), nat.; settle- Luzón. ment of Moros on l. bank of Agusan Riv., 37 TALAYTALAY (tah-lie-tah-lie'), ver.; hamlet on m. S. of Butúan and 5 m. N. of outlet of Pina SW. border of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 3 yat Lake, Surigao, Mindanao. Pop., 11,585. m. sw. of Lemery. - hamlet in Cebú. TALCAGUAYAN (tahl-cah-gwah'-yahn), ver.; bay TALAGÁN (tah-lah-gahn'), nat.; town in Princi- on Sw. coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), pe, Luzón, about 6 m. w. by N. from coast, Luzón, on shore of larger bay of Guinayantan. situated between Baler and Cape Engaño. TALCAUAYAN (tahl-cah-wah'-yahn), Tag.; creek TALÁGIB (tah-lah'-hib), nat.; point on SE. shore in SE. Tayabas, Luzón. of Albay, Luzón. TALÍAN (tah-lee'-ahn), Tag.; hamlet in Bulacan, - point in S. Batangas, Luzón. Luzon, 12 m. NE. of Bulacán. TALAGIO (tah-lah'-hyoh), nat.; point in E. Sor- TALIBÓN (tah-lee-bohn'), nat.; pueblo on N. TALIBON sogón, Luzón. coast of Bohol, Visayas, 48 m. N E. of Tagbila- TALAGIR (tah-lah-heer'), ver.; island off W. ran. Pop., 7,321. . coast of Sámar, 2 sq.m. in area, lat. 11° 52' N. - river in Mindoro, emptying into sea on E. TALAGO (tah-lah'-goh), Tag.; point on S. coast of coast. Bataán, Luzón, on 1. shore of bay of Manila, | TALICUD, or TALIKUT (tah-lee-cood', tah-lee- and E. of Hornos Pt. coot'), nat.; island 6 m. NW. to SE., and 3! TALAGUILONG (tah-lah-gee-lohng'), nat.; inlet m. E. and W.; area, 12 sq. m. Separated from Sámal I. on SW. by narrow channel 1 not quite 1 m. in diameter, completely shut in and very convenient for vessels of all sizes, m. wide, and situated on E. side of W. arm of Dávao Gulf, in Davao, Mindanao; island is and affording excellent anchorage in N. part of bay of Dapitan, near that town, W. of low, wooded, and marshy, lacking in fresh Dapitan, Mindanao. water and uninhabitable. TALAGUTUN (tah-lah-goo'-toon), ver.; hamlet'on TALIJON (tah-lee'-hawn), nat.; island off N. W. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, coast of Sámar. 64 m. S. of Davao. TALIM (tah-leem'), Tag.: island in center of TALAÍRAN (tah-lah-ee'-rahn), ver.; E. headland Laguna de Bay, 10 m. from N. to S. and 4 m. of entrance on N. coast of Leyte to sea chan- from E. to W., area, 18 sq. m.; part of Rizal, nel between Biliran I. and Leyte, and W. Luzón; central ridge divides it into 2 water- headland of deep bay on N. shore of Leyte sheds, and on either side along lake shores through which Daram channel connects with a number of villages; it is separated from San Juanico Strait and thence to Surigao mainland of Rizal 6 m. S. of Mórong, capital, Strait. by channel less than , m. wide; in center is Sósong-Dalaga (Maiden's Bosom), at Dolores - point į m. ENE. from Arenas Pt., S. coast Hill: at its N. end is Dolongcauil, and s. of Batangas, Luzón; rocky and wooded. Mt. Talim Pt. Talaji is inland. TALÁJIT, or MESA (tah-lah'-hit, may'-sah), ver.; - extinct volcano, composed of basalt, 1,519 ft. high, in lat. 14° 20' N., lon. 121° 13' E, island 5. m. NE. to SW.and 2 m. across, cen Rizal, Luzón. ter of 6 larger in channel between Samar and Masbate, Visayas. - point at S. extreme of Talim I., in Laguna TALAKANEN de Bay, Laguna, Luzon, (tah-lah-cah'-nayn), nat. (See Dumbell I., off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan.) TALÍN (tah-lean'), Tag.: anchorage, bay, and TALALORA (tah-lah-loh'-rah). ver.; hamlet in point on W. coast of Batangas, Luzón. Lat. SW. Sámar, on Buad channel, 7 m. SW. of 13° 55' N., lon. 120° 35' E., approximately. Villareal. mountain in Batangas, Luzón. TALAMBÁN (tah-lahm-bahn'), nat., hamlet in | TALINAS (tah-lee-nahs), nat.; low island 5 m. pueblo of Opon, on W. shore of Mactan I., ESE. of Tumbago Pt., Lubang 1., oft extreme opposite Cebú. NW. coast of Mindoro. - pueblo in Cebú, 1 m. from Cebú; called also Mabulo, or Banilad. Pop , 6,226. TALINAS, or VILLAVICENCIO (tah-lee-nahs, nat: vee- lyah -vee-thayn'-thyoh, Sp.). 3 TALAMPÓ (tah-Jahm-pon'). Tag., mountain in islands off point of same name, SE. coast of Batangas, Luzon Lubang I., NW of Mindoro. TALAMPULAN (tah-lahm-poo'-lahn). nat.. islet -point SE, shore Lubang I NW. of Min- off opening of bay on W. coast of Busuanga doro, between Maluya Head to Golo Passage I., Calamianes grp , Mindoro Sea, 8 m. WSW. on S and Pauican Pt., S. head of Loog (Luk) of Busuanga town. Bay on N. S. Doc. 280—55 866 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TALINDAC (tah-leen-dack'), ver.; pueblo on NW. coast of Palawan, Pop., Cn. 1887, 663. (See Talindac Bay.) -bay 1 m. in breadth and length, formed by Cadlao, Cauayan, and Cavern Is. Craft of 7 ft. draft can ascend to Talindac or Bacuit (Bakit) village. Aspect of coast from 8 m. N. to Crawford Pt. picturesque. Central range of Palawan, overlooking both coasts and Ba- cuit Bay on W. and Shark's Fin Bay on E., on parallel of Cadlao, here attains its greatest elevation, 2,230 ft. This section also sudden transition from limestone formation, espe- cially in background of this village, where it occurs. TALINGAN (tah-leeng'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on S. shore of Sindangan Bay, NW. coast of Misa- mis, Mindanao. TALINGLÍN (tah-ling-lean'), nat.; point and cove to E. on SW. shore of Calagnán I., NE. coast of Iloilo, Panay. TALINTIG (tah-lin-tig'), nat.; islet in SW. arm Barrera port, off Balanin Pt., NE. coast Mas- bate, Visayas. TALIPANAN (tah-lee-pah'-nahn), nat.; mountain in pueblo of Puerto Galera, N. coast of Min- doro, 6 m. WSW. of Galera. - point in N. Mindoro. TALIPAPÁ (tah-lee-pah-pah') (means market), Tag.; hamlet in Rizal, Luzón, 6 m. NE. of Manila. TALIPTIPAN (tah-leep-tee'-pahn), nat.; point on SW. coast of Negros Oriental, 17 m. N. of W. of Bayauan and 464 m. W. of Dumaguete, on opposite sides of I. SW. end of boundary line between Negros Oriental and Occidental here ends on sea shore. TALISÁIN (tah-lee-sah'-inn), nat.; point on sw. coast of Zambales, Luzon. TALÍSAY (tah-lee'-sigh), nat.; peak in extreme SE. part of Bohol, Visayas, 3 m. E. of Guindul- man. - extreme S. point of Semerara I., 83 m. NW. by N. of Sibay I., in group SE. of Mindoro. - point, river, and bay on W.coast of S. head to Loog Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. - pueblo in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Lu- zón, on mainroad, 2 m. NW. of Dáet. Pop., 3,561. - town in Albay, S. Luzón. -point NE. coast Albay, Luzón, on Albay Gulf, lat. 13° 4' 16". - point on S. coast of Bataan, on port of Mari- veles, Luzón, lat. 14° 27' N. - river in Bataan, Luzón, rising on N. sides of Sierra Mariveles; after winding course empties into bay of Manila. - town in NW. Negros Occidental. point on extreme NE. coast of Rapurapu I., off E, coast of Albay, Luzón. - point on W. coast of Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. - river emptying into Guimarás Strait at Minulúan, Negros Occidental. - point and hamlet near SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 7 m. E. of Barotac Nuevo. - pueblo of Batangas, Luzón, on extreme N. shore of Lake Taal, 37 m. on lake shore high- way NW. of Batangas, capital. Pop., 8,111. - pueblo on E. coast of Cebú, 5 m. SW. of Cebú, near Lipata Pt. Pop., 19,000. TALISAYA (tah-lee-sah'-yah), nat.: point near San Joaquin, S. coast of Iloilo, Panay; coast from sw. point trends NE. 15, m. to Talisaya, is high, clean, and steep-to, thence it trends ENE. for 21 m.to Otón, being low, and thence 54 m. to Iloilo, continuing low and covered with mangroves; bights along shore are deep and vessels can work close inshore with per- fect safety. TALISAYAN (tah-lee-sah'-yahn), nat.; point on NE. coast of Alad I., and W. head to N. en- trance of channel to Port Romblon, be- tween Romblon and Alad Is., Romblon grp., Visayas. - mountain in central range of S. Leyte on NW. shore of Bitô Lake, 9 m. SW. of Burauen. - pueblo on W. end of bight on N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, E. of Sipaka Pt., 41 m. N. by E. of Cagayan de Misamis. Pop., 1,684. TALMAD (tahl-mahd'), nat.; river in Mindoro, flows NE. and empties into Port Galera, on N. coast. TALMAGMAG (tahl-mahg-mahg'), ver.; inland town 4 m. E. of Cagayan de Misamis in Misa- mis, Mindanao. TALMAL (tahl-mahl'), ver.; river emptying into Bay of Varadero on N. coast of Mindoro, 11 m. SSE. of Galera port. TALOAN (tah-loh'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on N. side of mouth of stream entering Lanao Bay on SE. shore Misamis, Mindanao. TALOBAN (tah-loh'-bahn), ver.; hamlet of Negros Occidental, on E. shore of Guimarás Strait, 3 m. S. of Binalbagan. TALÓCOY (tah-law'-coy), ver.; river in Negros Oriental. (See Palayajan.) TALOG (tah-lohg'), ver.; small stream emptying into Guimarás Strait, 2 m. SW. of Sumà, Negros Occidental. TALOGO (tah-law'-go), Tag.; river in Tayabas, Luzón, rises SW. of pueblo of Gumaca, and empties into Lamón Bay. TALOLON(tah-law'-lawn), Tag.; hamlet in pueblo of Gumaca, Tayabas, Luzon, on r. bank of Talolon Riv. - river in Tayabas, Luzón, flowing across pueblo of Gumaca and emptying into Lamón Вау. TALON (tah-lohn'), nat.; inland hamlet of Cápiz, Panay, on small stream entering Batán Bay, 2 m. N. and 2, m. E. of Balete. TALÓN PISÂ (tah-lohn' pee-sah'), nat.; narrow dish-shaped island, 2 sq. m., and most S. of Basilan grp., off SW. peninsula, Zamboanga, Mindanao. TALONG (tah-lohng'), nat.; hamlet in SE. part of Negros Oriental, 3 m. SW. of Dumaguete. TALOS (tah'-laws), Tag.; mountain in Tayabas, Luzón. TALUBING (tah-loo-beeng'), ver.; pueblo in Bon- toc, Luzón. Pop., Cn. 1887, 611. TALUC (tah-look'), ver.; one of 2 low, flat islands on same reef, other being Cabingaan, from which it is 31 m. NW., in Tapul grp., Sulu A. TALUCACUBAN (tah-loo-cah-coo'-bahn), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Juban, Sorsogon, Luzón, on r. of entrance to Sorsogon port. TALUCLUC (tah-look-look'), nat.; channel on NW. side of Murciélagos Bay to anchorage of Sinipai Dacó, Dapitan, Mindanao. TALUNG (tah-loong'), nat. (See Malo, small stream in Negros.) TALURIG (tah-loo-reeg'), ver.; NW. point of San Miguel I., E. coast of Albay, Luzón. TALUSAN (tah-lool-sahn), nat.; extreme NE. point of Pagbilao Grande I., off S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. TALUTAKUBAN (tah-loo-tah-coo'-bahn), nat.; port on SE, shore of channel to Sorsogon port, Sorsogón, Luzon, lat. 12° 50' N., lon. 1230 50' 25'' E. TAMAGUTU (tah-mah-gool-too), nat.; point E. head inner harbor Pusgo port, E. shore Taya- bas, Luzón, on Ragay Gulf; observation spot lat. 13° 31' N., lon. 122° 35' 39' W. TAMAHANG (tah-mah'-hahng). ver.: bay on N. side of Olutanga I., S. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. (See Tamalung.) GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 867 Kadlani 5. 20 21 PALÁWAN 1. PORT TALIADAL From a Spanish Gov.Survey, 1877. Obs. Spot Lat.11n'x., Long. no:22; E.cpprox.) 2 Nawt. Mile 868 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TAMAÍSE (tah-mah-ee'-say), nat.; summit SE. of TAMBILUANGA, or NOCHEBUENA (tahm-bee- Tamaíse, E. of Súbic, N. shore of Subic Bay, lwahng'-ah, noh'-chay bway'-nah), nat.; SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. channel and island between Tigungun and TAMALUNG, or TAMAHANG (tah-mah-loong', tah- Tandubató Is., off NE. coast of Tawi Tawi, mah-hahng'), ver.; bay on N. side of Olutanga Sulu A.; island has peak, at foot of which are I., on S. coast of SE. peninsula of Zamboanga, wells of good water. Rock rises out of chan- Mindanao. Clear sheet of water, deepest on nel off NE. shore of island. E. and W. sides. TAMBISAN (tahm-bee'-sahn), ver.; point on SW. TAMANAN (tah-mah'-nahn), Tag.; hamlet in coast of Siquijor I., SW. of Bohol, Visayas. Cavite, Luzón, 23, m. S. of Cavite. TAMBỘ (tahm-boh'), Tag.; hamlet in Cavite, Lu- TAMANBUNG (tah-mahn-boong'), ver.; hamlet zón, 21 m. S. of Cavite, on Indang road. on extreme SE. shore of Basilan I., off SW. - hamlet in pueblo of Tabaco, Albay, Luzón. peninsula of Zamboanga, Mindanao. - hamlet in pueblo of Gapán, Nueva Ecija, TAMAR (tah-mar'), ver.; mountain in SE. Leyte. Luzón, on l. bank of Cabanatuan Riv. TAMASIN (tah-mah'-sin), ver.; hamlet on SW. - hamlet in pueblo of Parañaque, Rizal, shore of Tapao Lake, Misamis, Mindanao. Luzón. TAMASO (tah-mah'-soh), ver.; small island E. of - river in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón, Talajit, in sea channel between Sámar and rising SE. of Dáet, and flowing across that Masbate. pueblo empties into sea E. of town. TAMATA, or TAMALA (tah-mah-tah, tah-mah'- point on SW. coast of Ambos Camarines lah), ver.; small stream in Infanta, Luzon, (Sur), Luzón. entering Pacific Ocean N. of Binangonan de TAMBOBO (tahm-boh'-boh), nat.; point in Zam- Lampón. bales, Luzón. TAMBÂ(tahm-bah'), ver.; hamlet in Albay, Luzón, TAMBÓBONG (tahm-boh-bong), Tag.; town of 10 m. NNW. of Albay. Rizal, Luzón, 3 m. from Manila. Pop., 25,000. - small stream on NW. coast of Cebú, enter- TAMBOG (tahm-bog'), nat.: point on E. coast of ing sea 3 m. N. of Medellín. Mindanao, 7 m. S. of Sanco Pt., and forms TAMBAC (tahm-bahk'); point on Sw. shore of with main coast small safe port. Santiago I., off NE. coast of Zambales, Luzón, TAMBOILÁN (tahm-boy-lahn'), nat.: hamlet in and N. head to E. entrance of channel sepa- Iloilo, Panay, 2, m. NNW. of Dumangas. rating that island from mainland. TAMBOLOTÓN (tahm-boh-loh-tohn'), ver.; bay in - hamlet on W. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, N. of Tablas I., Visayas. 32. m. S. by W. off Cotabato. - hamlet in pueblo of Romblon, Lugbung I., TAMBADÓN (tahm-bah-dawn'), ver.; point on E. Romblon grp., Visa yas. coast of Sámar, between Páric and Súlat sea- TAMBÓN (tahm-bone'), nat.; extreme SW. point ports. of Mactan I., off Cebú, Cebú, and E. headland TAMBAGAN (tahm-bah-gahn), nat.; island 3 by 1; at SW. entrance to Cebú channel. m., 725 ft. high, with conical green peak over E. extreme, 6 m. NE. of Tawi Tawi I., Tawi - island 4 by 2 m., SE. of Culión, in Corón- Tawi grp.; NE. point is WSW.18 m. from W. Calamián channel, Calamianes Is., between point of Sigbuye; on S. point are 2 islets, one Paragua, Palawan, and Mindoro. 25 ft. and other 8 ft. high. TAMBONG (tahm-bohng'), ver.; hamlet on shore TAMBAGUA (tahm-bah'-gwah), ver.; mountain in of Lake Buhi, Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. Ilocos Sur, Luzón. Country, cocoa plantations and palm groves. People are largely engaged in preparing TAMBALAN (tahm-bah'-lahn), nat.; point on W. threads of pineapple, from which web of cel- shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao, 45 ebrated nipas de piña, finest in world, is m. N. of Flecha Pt. (See Tambatan Pt.) made. TAMBALÓN (tam-bah-lawn'), nat.; bay or wide TAMBONGÓN (tahm-bohng-ohn'), ver.; town at estuary S. of Cabeza de Tablas, where vessels mouth of river entering port of Magamanoc find shelter in Sw. monsoons, but very deep; in NE. part of Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, opposite to and 9 m. NW. of Romblon town, Luzón. Romblon grp., Visayas. - island of Catanduanes grp., SE. of Albay, TAMBANG (tahm-bahng'), nat.; mountain in cen- Luzón. tral range of S. Leyte, 7 m. SSW. of Burauen. TAMBÚ (tahm-boo'), nat.; islet 1. m. off N. shore hamlet in SW. Leyte, 5 m. S. of Matalom. of Bohol, Visayas, 5 m. NNW. of Talibón. - port on N. shore of Ambos Camarines (Sur), - river in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón, Luzón. rising in Sierra Culasi and emptying into San - point at N. extremity of tongue of land Miguel Bay. forming E. shore of port of that name in TAMBUKÁN (tahm-boo-cahn'), ver.; largest of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. chain of islets extending 9 m. SW. of Bilatan, TAMBAO (tahm-bah'-oh). ver.: hamlet at head of S. of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. delta where waters of Grande Riv. of Minda- TAMBULÍAN (tahm-boo-lee'-ahn), nat.; point on nao divide, 12 m. above and SE. of Cotabato, SE, extreme of Banganian Pen., S. coast of capital of that district, Mindanao. Cotabato, Mindanao, and headland on w. TAMBARÓN (tahm-bah-rohn'), nat.; island 1 m. in side of opening to Illana Bay. diameter, SW. by S., 13 m. from Pandán Pt., - small round island i m. NW. of Dongdong, on E. side of opening to Bulalácao Bay and in entrance to Tutú Bay, S. shore of Sulu I., separated from Pandán Pen. by deep channel Sulu A. 120 yds. wide, SE. coast of Mindoro. TAMBUNAN (tahm-boo'-nahn), nat.; hamlet on TAMBAUA (tahm-bah'-wah), ver; mountain in SE. coast of Davao, Mindanao, 93 m. S. of Leyte. Dávao. TAMBILABAN (tahm-bee-lah'-bahn), nat.; new -- hamlet in E. Basilan I., off sw. peninsula town and old, 2 m. higher up (SE.), on r. bank of Zamboanga, Mindanao. of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Min- danao. - point in Batangas, Luzón. TAMBILAMBI(tahm-bee-lahm'-bee), ver.; point in | TAMBUTUÁN (tahm-boo-twahn'), nat.; hamlet of Mindoro. Moros, on S. coast of Mindanao. TAMBILUANGA (tahm-bee-lwahng'-ah), nat.; is- TAMI, or PINAUASAN (tah'-mee, pee-nah-wah'- land in S. waters of Nochebuena channel to sahn), ver.; point on SE. coast of S. Palawan, E. of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. SW. head of Ipolote Bay. 2 31LT C ACO TAWAY CH TAMBILUANGA CHANNEL INOCHE BIENA CHANNSEE P S *UTA 13 2806 12 zaria: Keita THE NORR'S PETERS CO. PHOTO ETHOWAWNGTON 3.0 S Doc 280 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 869 TAMINDAGO (tah-mean-dah'-go), ver.; hamlet in | TANAUAN (tah-nah-wahn), nat.; river rising in pueblo of Carigara, W. coast of Leyte. Cordillera Central and entering sea on E. TAMITANG, or PULO (tah-mee-tahng', ver.; poo coast of Cebú, at Cárcar. loh', nat.); hamlet of Negros Oriental. - hamlet on 1. bank of Matinao, in E. Sámar. TAMOAYAC (tah-mwah-yack'), ver.; town in S. - bold point of mountain, 13 m. SE. of Cal- Leyte. vaney Pt., on E. shore of Ragay Gulf, Ambos - mountain in Cápiz, Panay, near W. border Camarines (Sur), Luzon. of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 6 m. WSW. of pueblo on E. coast of Leyte, on SW. point Lemery. of Camiris Bay, on coast road, 9 m. S. of Ta- TAMÓN (tah-mohn'), ver.; one of islands of Ba- cloban. Pop., 18,509. silan grp., off SW. peninsula of Zamboanga, -- river in Leyte. Mindanao, lat. 6° 27' N. - pueblo, p.o., and river in NE. Batangas, TAMONTACA (tah-mohn-tah'-cah), nat.; point 2 Luzon, pueblo on main road to Manila, 27 m. m. S. of Cotabato, Cotabato, Mindanao. N. of Batangas, capital. Pop., 20,038. - pueblo in Cotabato, Mindanao. Pop., 1,900. TANAY (tah-ny'), Tag.; pueblo in Rizal, Luzon, - settlement on r. bank of S. arm of Grande on main road, 4 m. SE. of Morong. Pop., Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao. 4,529. TAMPAL (tahm-pahl'), nat.; point on W. head of TANAYACAN (tah-nah-yah'-cahn), ver.; hamlet Butulake Cove, SW. coast of Davao, Minda in Cápiz, Panay, 3. m. SW. of Tangalan. nao, W. of Cape Sarangani. TANCAN (tahn'-cahn), ver.; islands of Tawi Tawi TAMPÁN (tahm-pahn'), nat.; creek entering on l. grp., Sulu A. bank of Upper Grande Riv. of Mindanao, TANCLAD (tahn-cland'), ver.; island off w. coast above Dikalabuan Pt., Lanao, Mindanao. of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, San Miguel TAMPATAMPÁ (tahm-pah-tahm-pah'), nat.; one Bay, lat. 13° 49' N. of cluster of 4 islets about center of Tambi- TANCOJON (tahn-coh'-hohn), nat.; point on N. luanga channel, off NE. coast of Tawi Tawi I., side Cabacónang Bay, W. shore of Carogo or Sulu A. Puro I., SE. shore Nin Bay, W. coast of Mas- - verdure-clad island and landmark in bate, Visayas. Nochebuena channel to E. of Tawi Tawi I., TANCOLAO (tahn-coh-lah-oh), ver.; mineral Sulu A. spring in pueblo of Tabaco, Albay, Luzon. TAMPEL (tahm-pehl'), ver.; island, 2 m. in diam- TANDABATÓ (tahn-dah-bah-toh'), nat.; island of eter, in Corón-Calamian channel, Cala 'Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. mianes grp., between NE. end of Paragua, TÁNDAG (tahn-dahg), ver.; pueblo on SW. shore Palawan, and Mindoro. of bay on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 64 TAMPI (tahm'-pee), ver.; coast hamlet of Negros m. SE. by S. of Surigao. Pop., 5,210. Oriental, 4 m. S. of Amblán. - point in E. Mindanao. TAMPOC (tahm-pohk'), Tag.; hamlet in pueblo TANDAUAN (tahn-dah'-wahn), ver.; outlying of Lagonoy, Bulacan, Luzón. summit in E. coast range of Mindanao, over- TAMPÚAN (tahm-pool-ahn), nat.; hamlet on S. looking Agusan Riv., Surigao. coast of Davao, Mindanao, 5 m. W. of Balu- TANDIKAN (tahn-dee'-cahn), ver.; point of ex- luan, W. point of entrance to Sarangani Bay, treme SE. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A., coast 82 m. s. of Davao. range and hills trending NE. and sw., take TAMÚAN (tah-moo'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on one of elevation of 1,450 ft. ENE. of this point. tributaries of river emptying into sea on NW. TANDIVAY (tahn-dee-vie'), ver.; mountain in coast of Dapitan, Mindanao, at Pinialan, 21 pueblo of Mabalacat, Pampanga, Luzón. m. SW. by S. of Dapitan. (See Blanca Pt.) TANDOBATÓ (tahn-doh-bah-toh'), nat.; island of TAMUC (tah-mook'), ver.: island 180 ft. high, 11 Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. sq. m., 41 m. off sw. shore of Basilan I., of TANDOG (tahn-dohg'), nat.; island 1 m. long and that group, off sw. peninsula of Zamboanga, Mindanao. hamlet m. off SW. coast of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, Panay, 18 m. W. of S. of Nagaba, TAMUJABAN (tah-moo-hah'-bahn). ver.; point on S. coast of Basilan I., off SW. peninsula of TANDOO BAOS (tahn-doh'-oh bah'-ohs). ver.; Zamboanga, Mindanao. one of islands of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. TAMULAYOG (tah-moo-lah-yog'), ver.; hamlet on TANDO-TAO (tahn-doh-tah'-oh), ver.; extreme extreme SE. point of Leyte, 7 m. ESE. of Mac- SE. point of Cagayan Sulu I., Cagayan Sulu Crohón. grp., and important mark for navigators in SW. angle of Sulu Sea, approaching SE. coast TAMÚRUNG (tah-moo'-roong), nat.; point on W. of Borneo from NE. coast of Ilocos Sur, Luzón, in pueblo of Can- dón, lat. 17° 4' 40" N. | TANDÚ (tahn-doo'), nat.; E. point of Sulu I., Sulu A. TANABAAY (tah-nah-bah-i'), ver.; island off W. coast of Sámar. -point and village N., on W. shore of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. TANAGÓN (tah-nah-gohn'), ver.; point in Daram -- point N. coast Sulu I., Sulu A. 1., off W. coast of Sámar. TANDUBÁS (tahn-doo-bahs'), ver.; island of Cina- TANAO (tah-now'). nat.: river in NW. part of pusan grp., off SE. coast of Tawi Tawi I., and Negros Occidental, emptying into sea on N. marking S. side of Camba channel, Sulu A. coast. - channel in Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. - mountain in Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, on TANDUBATÓ (tahn-doo-bah-toh'), nat.; island 6 E. coast, 7 m. N. of San Dionisio. m. N. and S. and 5 m. E. and W., oft NE. coast. - river entering on NE. coast of Iloilo, Pa of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., and forming part nay, W. of Alingsúlong Pt. of W. shore of Tambiluarga channel, Tan- dubato peak on NE. shore is 528 ft. high; an- TANÁOAN (tah-now-ahn), nat.; mountain in other, 436 ft., rises to SW., in SE, another 623 Cebú. ft. high. TANAOS (tah-nah-ohs), Hisp.; 5 low flat islets, 3 - peak 635 ft. high, in chain of hills on N. m. NNW. of Pinandungan Pt., in Pacific coast of that island, off E. coast of Tawi Tawi, Ocean, off Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. Sulu A. TANATDUNANG (tah'-paht-doó-nahng). nat.: 1 TANDUYAN (tahn-doo'-yahn), ver.; hamlet in town on Calamian I., Calamianes grp., be Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 1} m. N. of Aguy tweor. Paragua and Mindoro. (Ajui). 870 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TANEM (tah-nem'), nat.: island of Bachi cluster | TANIGUITÍAN (tah-nee-gee-tee'-ahn), ver.; bay of Batanes grp., off N. coast Cagayan, Luzon, on W. coast of Sámar, iat. 12° 33' N. lying N. of Mabudis I. TANJÁS (tahn-hass'), ver.; point on coast of TANG (tahng), ver.; point on E. shore of Albay, Biliran I., off NW. coast Leyte. Sorsogón, Luzón. TANJAY (tahn-hie'), nat.; pueblo in Negros - hamlet of Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, E. Oriental. coast, 1 m. N. of Concepción. TANJÓN BANGÀ (tahn-hohn' bahng-ah'), nat.; TANGA (tahn'-gah), nat.; hamlet in N. central point on NE. extreme of Cagayán Sulu, Sulu Leyte, 5 m. s. of Barugo. Sea, between Balábac I. on NW. and Tawi - hamlet on E. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón. Tawi grp., Sulu A., on SE. TANJON TANDO-TAO (tahn-hohn' tahn-doh-tah'- TANGAD (tahng-ahd'), nat.; NW. island of Cana- oh), nat.; point on extreme SE. of Cagayan hauan Is., off W. coast of Sámar. Sulu, Sulu Sea, between Balábac I. on NW. - one of Libucan grp. of 5 islands, 7 m. off and Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A., on SE. Peak mouth of Bac-hao Bangahón, W. coast of 380 ft. high rises im. to W. (Also Tanjong Sámar. Tandotao.) TANGALAN (tah7-gah-lahn), nat.; pueblo in Cá- TANJÓN TAVO TAVO (tahn-hohn' tah'-voh tah'- piz, Panay, 36 m. NW. of Cápiz. Pop., 2,982. voh), nat.; island and peak 486 ft. high, ex- TANGAO (tahng-ah'-oh), ver.; flat islet covered treme NW. end of Cagayan de Sulu, Sulu Sea, with trees, 14 m. E. by N. from Papabag I., between Balábac I. on NW. and Tawi Tawi SW. shore of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. grp., Sulu A., on SE., from which it is sepa- rated by narrow boat passage. (Also Tanjong TANGAT (tahn-gaht'), ver.; island 2: m. long by Tavo Tavo.) * m. wide, with peak 1,200 ft. high, off SW. coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., in Bu TANKOLALÁUN (tahn-koh-lah-lah'-oon), ver.; suanga-Calamiár channel, between Paragua, small coral island 107 ft. high, W. of Tagao Palawan, and Mindoro. I., Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. About 500 yds. W. is rock upon which sea breaks heavily TANGAY (tahn-guy'), nat.; port on NE. coast of Masbate, Visayas. from NE. TANKUI (tahn-kwee'), nat.; summit 292 ft. on TANGDAY (tahng-dye'), ver.; river in Panay. SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, TANGILIS (tahn-hee'-liss), ver.; hamlet near E. Luzón. coast of Sámar, 3 m. S. of Borongan. TANOBÓN (tah-noh-bohn'), ver.; island E. of TANGLÁ (tahn-glah'), ver.; point on S. shore of NW. point of Mindoro and SE. of Dumapac I. San Miguel Bay, Ambos Camarines (Sur), TANODAN (tah-noh-dahn), ver.; SE. fountain Luzon. tributary of Chico de Cayagán Riv., in Isa- TANGÓ (tahng-oh'), nat.; hamlet on NW. shore bela, Luzón. of Panguil Bay, 3 m. SW. of Misamis, Misa- TANOLO (tah-noh-loh), ver.; pueblo of Bontoc, mis, Mindanao. Luzón, 13 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 385. TANGOAYAN (tahng-wah'-yahn), nat.; hamlet in n TAÑÓN (tah-nyohn'), ver.; strait between Cebú a mountains of W. Misamis, Mindanao. on E. and Negros on W. N. entrance between TANGOB (tahng-ob'). ver.; small stream empty Pts. Mancao, Cebú, NE., and Panagsagón, ing into Guimarás Strait 2, m. S. of Bacolod, Negros, SW., is 27 m, and S. entrance between Negros Occidental. Pts. Liloan, Cebú, NE. and Tagbâ, Negros, TANGÓN (tahng-awn'), ver.; point on E. shore of SW., 3 m. Length of strait between these 2 Ragay Gulf, Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. extremes is 103 m. Greatest width 23 m. Off N. entrance, 12 m. to NW. from Mancao Pt., TANGOO (tahn-goh'-oh), nat.; island of Tawi Cebú, lie Bantayan and Don Is. Off S. en- Tawi grp., Sulu A. trance, 18 m. SE. of Liloan Pt., is Siquijor I. TANGTAD (tahng-tahd'), ver.; hamlet on E. coast On Cebú shore are important towns, beginning of Sámar, 31 m. S. of Hernani. at N., Tuburan, Asturias, Balambán, Toledo, TANGUB (tahng-oob'), ver.; hamlet in Cordillera Pinamungajan, Barili, Dumanjug, Alcántara, Central, in N. Cebú, 8, m. S. of Bogó. Mualbual, Matutinao, Alegría, Malabúyoc, Ginatilan, Samboan, and Santander. On Ne- TANGUIGUITON (tahn-gee-geel-tohn), nat.; point gros shore, from and creek m. sw. on SE. shore of Misamis N., Escalante, Calatrava, Hibayo, Guijulugan, Jimalalud, Tayasan, port, Misamis, Mindanao. Ayungon, Manjúyod, Bais, Tanhay, Amblán, TANGUINGUI (tahn-geen'-gee), nat.; island off Ayuquitan, and Sibulan. Shores are steep S. coast of Masbate, Visayas. and generally clear. - island off S. coast of Negros, lat. 11°1' 20" N. - S. town on high ground near point of that - island off N. coast of Burias, Masbate grp., name, S. coast of Cebú. Visayas. - extreme SE. point of Cebú, 54 m. across TANGUIL (tahn-gill'), ver.; point N. and opposite channel, NE. of Sibulan, on extreme SE. coast Dumanjug Pt., forming headland of bay at of Negros Oriental, and E. entrance head to Dumanjug town on E. shore of Tañón Strait, Tañón Strait. W. coast of Cebú. TAÑOS (tah'-nyohs), ver.; mineral spring in TANGUINGUI (tahn-geen'-gee), nat.; small island pueblo of Santander, Cebú. in Ragay Gulf, off NW. coast of Burias I., Lu TANSÁ (tahn-sah'), nat.; hamlet on Malisbug zón, 4 m. N. of Cueva Pt. Riv., in NW. part of Negros Occidental, 2; m. - islet ir mid-channel, 30 m. SW. of Masbate, NE. of Silay. 29 m. NW. of Cebú and 30 m. NE, of Negros; TANSÁ PALÁPAG (tahn-sah' pah-lah'-pahg), nat.; Bantay I. lies 13 m. S. hamlet on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay. TANHAY (tahn-high'), ver.; town and river of TANSÁSUD (tahn-sah'-sood), ver.; hamlet of Ca- Negros Oriental, 11 m. inside of S. entrance piz, Panay, 14 m. SE. of Cápiz, on main road. to Tañón Strait and 16 m. N. of Dumaguete; TANSÚAN (tahn-soo'-ahn), Tag.; bay on NW. of river rises within 7 m, of Tolón Bay on W. Taal Bay, N. of Birinayan, in Batangas, coast, there being but 1 m. distance between Luzón. fountains of Tanhay and Tolón; town is situ- ated about 13 m. inland on r. bank of river; TANTAGÚAN (tahn-tah-goo'-ahn), ver.; peak in Pop., 12,408. Caraballos Occidentales, in Lepanto, Luzón, 6,382 ft. high. TANIBÁN (tah-nee-bahn'), nat.; hamlet on 1. bank of mouth of Bayongan Riv., 3 m. N. of TANTANAIAN (tahn-tah-nah'-yahn), ver.: town Ayungon, E. coast of Negros Oriental. and hill on SW. coast of Negros Occidental. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 871 TANTANANG (tahn-tah-nahng'), nat.; bay on NW. shore of Sibulan Bay, SE. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. Opening is 2 m. wide be- tween reefs that project from Olutanga and N. point of entrance. TANTÓN (tahn-tohn'), ver.; extinct volcano in narrow tongue of land constituting extreme SW. part of Sámar. TANTUNG (tahn-toong'), ver.; mountain in Bo- hol, Visayas. TANULÓN (tah-noo-lohn'), ver.; town of Bontoc, Luzon, Pop., 492. TAPA (tah'-pah), Sp.; small N. tributary of Ulut Riy., Sámar. TAPAÁN (tah-pah-ahn'); S. low island sw. of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. 37 m. in extent and 350 ft. high. Semicircular form with concave side to W. and very narrow in mid- dle, in some cable (360 ft.). Channel be- tween it and Lapac I. is 14 m. wide entering from S. - passage formed by Tapaán and Lapac Is. to E. and Bubuán and Maniakolat Is. to W., 64 m. wide at its mouth, narrowest part be- tween Maglumba I. and NW. side of Tapaán, Tapul grp., Sulu A. Passage is clear for steamer and suitable for sailing ship. - passage between Tapul and Cinapusan (Kinapusan) grp., and one of interisland routes of Sulu A., between Célebes and Sulu seas. TÁPAC (tah'-pack), Tag.; point in S. Rizal, on Laguna de Bay, Luzón, TAPACAN (tah-pah'-cahn), nat.; mountain in Ilo- cos Norte, Luzón. TAPAL (tah-pahl'), ver.; hamlet and point on N. coast of Cagayán, Luzon, in pueblo of Bu- guey. TAPÁN (tah-pahn'), nat.; mountain in W. Ben- guet, Luzon. TAPAO (tah-pah'-oh), Sp.; mountain in S. portion of E. coast range of Surigao, Mindanao, about midway between Pacific coast, 17 m. to E., and head of Davao Gulf, on coast of Minda- nao, 23 m. E. by N. In outlying spurs of this mountain, toward W. and sw., lie several fountains of great Agusan Riv. of Mindanao. - lake, 5) m. E. and W. and 3 m. N. and S., 34 m. S. of Lake Lanao, or Malanao, connected by small river of that length, Misamis, Minda- nao, within 1 m, of boundary between Misa- mis and Cotabato on S. Surrounded by large population, including 4 villages, also number of plantations. Region in vicinity of lake is fertile. On S. elevations of Rangayán, or Sú- gut Mts. Some peaks reach altitude of up- ward of 5,000 ft. Country is very picturesque and covered with richest vegetation of tropics. - point at S. extreme of land in Laguna de Bay, Rizal, Luzón. TAPÁS (tah-pass'), nat.; mountain in Panay. - pueblo in central Cápiz, Panay, 27 m. SW. of Cápiz. Pop., 2,892. TAPCANTANA (tahp-cahn-tah'-nah), ver., most S. island of Basilan grp., off S. point of Basilan, SW. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. TAPIAMARAN (tah-pyah-mah'-rahn), nat.: vil- lage and stream on bay, about center of N. coast of Cagayan de Sulu, Sulu Sea. MAPÍAN (tah-peel-ahn), nat; peak in Marin- duque I., off SW. coast Tayabas, Luzón. - point forming E. headland of opening of Illana Bay, on W. coast of Cotabato, Minda- nao, about midway between S. entrance to Mindanao Riv. and Quidapil Pt. - point on W. coast Cotabato, Mindanao, approaching Port Lebac and Illana Bay, with numerous small inlets along shore. - point on W. shore of Cotabato, Mindanao. SW. of S. mouth of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, TAPIÁN BAKÚN (tah-pyahn bah-coon'), nat.; village on small bay about center of N. coast of Cagayan de Sulu, SW. Sulu Sea. - village on E. shore of Lapu Lapun an- chorage, Cagayan de Sulu, SW. Sulu Sea. - river entering on SE. shore of Lapun La- pun anchorage, Cagayan de Sulu, SW. Sulu Sea. TAPIANTANA (tah-pyahn-tah-nah), ver.; chan- nel 6 m. wide and 66 to 99 ft. deep between Tatalan and Lanauan Is., of Samales cluster, Balanguingui grp., Sulu A. -- island off SW. peninsula of Zamboanga, Mindanao, W. side, 938 ft. high, most S. of Basilan grp., 54 m. S. of S. point of Basilan, E. part low; W. side inhabited. TAPICÁN (tah-pee-cahn'), nat.; hamlet at mouth of Pangango Riv., in Antique, Panay. TAPILÓN (tah-pee-lawn'), ver.; point and ham- let on extreme N. coast of Cebu. TAPINTÁN (tah-peen-tahn'), ver.; island off w. coast of Palawan. Has more vegetation than any of Calizas Escabrosas grp. TAPITAN (tah-pee'-tahn), nat.; hamlet on W. coast road of Antique, Panay, 2 m. NW. of inland town Salde. - point forming W. head to Loog Basin, Ba- nacalan port, NW. shore of Marinduque, off SW. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. TAPIUTAN (tah-pew'-tahn), ver.; narrow island 3 m. long and 1,415 ft. high, off entrance to Bacuit Bay, W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. Is outer of Rugged grp. and 7 m, off shore. TAPUCAN (tah-pool-cahn), ver.; hamlet on E. shore of Tutú Bay, S. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A., 20 m. SE. by E. of Sulu. TAPUL (tah-pool'), ver.; bay within Meara and Fraser Is., used at one time by Spaniards as military station. Hamlet of that name lies on shore. - most N. and name island of that group, in Sulu A., 44 m. in diameter and 1,657 ft. high, 22 m. S. of Sulu, capital. Island fertile and weli cultivated; lies about 8 m. S. of Cabalian Pt., Sulu I. - hamlet on NE.shore of Honda Bay, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, 13 m. N. by E. of Puerto Princesa. Remarkable hill serves as land- mark to vessels entering bay of same name. TAPUL (GROUP), SULU ARCHIPELAGO. (Tah-pool', ver.) Chief town: Tapul, lat. 5° 43' N., lon. 120° 54' E. Area: 77 sq. m. Population: 1,300 fighting men. Race: Moros and Moro-Malays. Language: Sulu and Moro-Sámal. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. 872 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Table of distances. st. m. From Tapul to- Sulu, Sulu I... Tatán (Tawi Tawi)........ 63; LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. This group of islands lies SW. of Sulu I., between that group on the NE. and Tawi Tawi and Cinapusan (Kinapusan) groups to the SW., from which it is separated by Tapaán Passage; Célebes Sea on the SE., and the Laparan group on the W., between lat. 5° 24' and 5° 46' N. and lon. 120° 4' and 120° 16 E. AREA. It consists of 38 charted and named islands having an aggregate area of 77 sq. m. The superficies of islets and rocks unnamed would slightly increase this total. Its area of land and water is 30 m. from NE. to SW., Cabingan I. to Tapaán, and 19 m. from NW. to SE., Siasi I. to Bolipongpong I.; area, 570 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The larger islands of this group are of volcanic origin, and the smaller of coral formation. Siasi; the largest island, with an area of 287 sq. m., has the second highest eleva- tion (1,673 ft.) in the Sulu Archipelago. Lapac: W. of Siasi, from which it is separated by a very narrow channel inter- rupted by rocky obstructions, reaches an elevation of 1,344 ft. Both these islands are very rugged. Bolipongpong; sometimes called Lugus, the second largest island of the group and the most NW., with an area of 18 sq. m., is 955 ft. high and covered with forests. Tapul; the name island, in the N. waters toward the Sulu group, has an elevation of 1,636 ft., being the second highest summit in the group. BAYS AND HARBORS. orted to by tids of Siasligus I. is. Although there are no expansive anchorages, on the coast of some of the larger islands are inlets and bends which are resorted to by the native craft or other vessels in trade or stress of weather, especially in the islands of Siasi, Tapul, Lapac, and Lugus, and Itna, on the N. of Lapac. On the SW. extreme of Lugus I. is a knoll 955 ft. high, which is a conspicuous object for navigators among the intricacies of the channel of the Sulu Archipelago. The depth of the interisland waters will average from 6 to 50 fms. The approaches from the Pacific exceed 100 fms. Off the E. coast of Siasi, within a fringe of reefs extending 3 m. seaward, are numerous islets, which render approach from that direction extremely dangerous. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The islands being small and without permanent habitation, except Siasi, there are no land ways other than foot trails. All communication among the islands is by the native boats, which are constantly cruising about in trade or fishing. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The number of men governed by datos or panlimanes for war in Tapul is given by Ferreiro at 1,300, which would make 3,000 a moderate aggregate estimate for the group. The inhabitants generally are true Moro descendants of the original Moham- medan invaders and the dominant race; added to these are the Malay and Visayan slaves whose descendants intermarried with the Moros, and a few of the inferior Samales race. The language of the natives is Moro-Suluano and Moro-Sámal, with an infusion of Visayan words. The islands, with the exception of Siasi and Lami- nusa, are uninhabited, the settlements, where there are any, being simply of land- ing parties of fishers. Laminusa; on the island of the same name, is an important center of pearl and shell fishing. In 1884 it had a population of 2,000, which was largely scattered during a war at the time of the death of the Sultan. The activity of the fisheries and resto- ration of order had induced the return of many. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 873 Siasi; 5 by 6 sq. m., area 18 sq. m., on the N. shore of the island of that name. Has a good wharf for steamers which touch here, and is well built. This island has several large villages, some constructed over the fringe of reefs. The inhabitants are engaged in the pearl and shell fishery. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The following is a list of the islands of the Tapul grp. (less than sq. m. area not given): sq.m. Bolipongpong .. Cabingaan.. Caluman. Cansina.......... Gusun. Laminusa.... Lapac................. Lugus. (See Bolipongpong.) Maglumba. Manubol. Padani. Pakai.. Paqua ... Punuan. Selim. Siasi. Sibihing. Sirun. Sulade Sumal. Sumba-Sumba. Taktagan.. Taluc. Tapaán.. Tapul.... Tara ...... 11 named above and unnamed area Total area PRODUCTS. The islands are covered with the luxuriant vegetation of the tropics, bat their products of commercial value are largely of the sea. On the island of Laminusa are valuable cocoanut plantations. MINERALS. Although Tapul, Siasi, and the other 2 islands of any size form around central cones of considerable elevation, there are no minerals. FORESTS. The islands are abundantly overgrown with woods of more or less value, but being small in area the supply is limited. Lapac and Siasi are particularly covered with fine virgin forest. FRUITS. The fruits of the archipelago are found in variety and are used largely as food among the inhabitants of the fishing settlements along the border. INDUSTRIES. There exists a very important local industry in mother-of-pearl and turtle-shell and pearl fisheries, besides the trade between Sulu, Tawi Tawi, and Borneo, which is being much extended. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. On February 15, 1902, the Tapul group, Sulu Archipelago was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Siasi. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The local government is in accordance with the terms of the treaty with the Sultan of Sulu. 874 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TAPULAN (tah-pool-lahn), nat.; point between TARANJAUAN (tah-rahn-how'-ahn), ver.; hamlet Antabaan (E.) and Lumanig Bay (W.), in S. in Iloilo, Panay, 14 m. SE. of Cabatuan. arm of Loog Bay, W. coast of Masbate, Visayas. TARATAHA (tah-rah-tah-hah), ver.; extreme SE. TAPÚLAO (tah-poo-lah-oh). Tag.; S. branch of point of Linapacan I., of that group, NE. of Orani Riv. in Bataan, Luzón. Paragua, Palawan. TAPUNDÔ (tah-poon-doh'), ver.. point extreme SE shore Balut I., Sarangani Is., off SE. coast TARATARA (tah-rah-tah'-rah), nat.; island N. of of Dávao, Mindanao, at foot of peak 1,083 ft. Tara I., off N, coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., high; landmark for vessels entering channel Sulu A. between islands from S. - point off NE. end Taratara I., off N. coast TAQUIÁN (tah-key-ahn'), ver.: town in Benguet, Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. Luzon. - inlet, S. shore Tara I., off N. coast of Siasi TAQUIS (tah'-kiss), ver.; hamlet of Negros Occi- I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. dental, 4 m. E. of Ginigaran. - islet off NE. point of Parasan I., off W. coast TAQUISIÁN (tah-key-see-ahn'), ver.; point in of Sámar. Olutanga I., S. of Mindanao. TARAZONĄ (tah-rah-thoh'-nah), Sp.; hamlet be- TARA (tah'-rah), Sp.; low island on W. and 110 tween Nog and its Nitomayan tributary, 3 m. ft. high on E., 17 m. long E. and W., N. o. SE. of Cabancalán, Negros Occidental. Siasi, Tapul grp., Sulu A; to NE. by E. 13 mf - hamlet in tablelands of Negros Occidental, is solitary rock 8 ft. above high-water mark E. of ſlog Riv., 10 m. from Cabancalán. and resembling canoe under sail, - island and village off N. coast of Siasi I. 'T'ARBON (tahr-bone'), nat.; creek on delta enter- Tapul grp., Sulu A. ing sea near l. bank of N. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao. TARA, DE (day tah'-rah), Sp.; island 33 m. N.and S., off Calamianes grp., between Paragua, Pala TARIFA (tah-reel-fah), Sp.; pueblo on W. shore wan, and Mindoro, 91 m. NE. by N. of Coco of Sámal I., Davao, Mindanao, 6 m. E. of nongón Pt., Busuanga I., in SW. waters of Dávao, across Pakiputan Strait. Mindoro Strait. When seen from N. shows triple peak at its NW. end, while its S. part TARIGAN (tah-reel-gahn), nat.; village on Lagh- looks like separate island, saddle peaked. S. bun creek, near its mouth, on r. bank of S. summit is 730 ft. high and N. 560 it. On SW. arm of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, side is good an chorage. Natives of Busuanga Mindanao. visit island, burning grass and digging cas- TARIGTIG (tah-reeg-teeg'), ver.; point in Isabela, sava, root of which is made into flour. Luzon. TARACA (tah-rah'-cah), ver.; hamlet on E. shore of Lanao Lake, Misamis, Mindanao. TARIJON (tah-reel-hahn), nat.; point on extreme SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzon, and N. head TARAGBUTAN (tah-rahg-boo-tahn), ver.; hill W. of Sual Pt., W. entrance to San Bernardino hamlet 4 m. SE. of spur of Sigarag Mts. in Strait. (Also Tigiran.) NW. Sámar. TARAGÓN (tah-rah-gohn'), ver.; town in W. in w | TARISAN (tah-reel-sahn), nat.; easternmost of 16 Sámar. islets stretching along N. shore of Sorsogon TARA-KAI-A-WAN (tah-rah-ki-ah'-wahn), ver.; port, Sorsogon, Luzon, between Caguayan and Pinatulan Pts., W. of Sorsogon. islet between openings of Kai-ho-lo and Ba- he-li Rivs., SW. shore of Ulugan Bay, Para- TARKIN (tahr-keen'), nat.; creek emptying into gua, Palawan. Laghbun tributary, on r. bank of S. arm of TARAMTÁN (tah-rahm-tahn'), ver.; mountain in Grande Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Minda- W. Leyte, 3 m. NE. of Albuera. nao. TARANGUNAN (tah-rahn-goo'-nahn), ver.; town TARLAANA (tahr-lah-ah-nah), nat.; point on SE. on W. coast of Sámar, 13 m. NW. of Catbalo shore of Linapacan I., Calamianes grp., off gan. Pop., 3,950. (Also Tarangnán.) NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. TÁRLAC, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Tahr'-lahk, Tag.) Capital: Tárlac, lat. 15° 31' N., lon. 120° 36' E. Area: 1,295 sq. m. Population: 89,339. Race: Tagalog, Pampangos, and Pangasinanes. Language: Tagalog, Pampango, and some Pangasinán. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Tárlac to- Iba, Zambales, WSW. Lingayen, Pangasinan, NW Manila, Manila, SE.... San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, SE...... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Tárlac (meaning a certain kind of grass), in the SE. part of N. Luzón, is bounded on the N. by Pangasinan, from which it is separated by the Bala- cán and for a short distance by the Agno Riv.; on the NE. and E. by Nueva Ecija, the N. part of the line being marked by the Canarén Lagoon, tributary of the Agno, and the S. by the Pampanga Chico; on the S. by Pampanga, the river Paruao fol- lowing that boundary for the greater part of its length, and on the W. by Zambales, from which it is separated by the Cordillera de Cabusilan. a tributaryer Paruapales, PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT BUILDING AT TÁRLAC. HAULING LOGS INTO RAILROAD STATION AT TÁRLAC. CARABAO HAULING LOGS INTO RAILROAD STATION AT TÁRLAC. TÁRLAC, LUZÓN. Narrow-gauge railway into the forests. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 875 AREA. From N. to S. the province measures 37 m., and from E. to W. 39 m. Area, 1,295 sq. m., or 45 sq. m. larger than the State of Rhode Island. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The E. portion is generally level, while the W. forms the E. declivity of the Cor- dillera de Cabusilan, which rises to considerable elevation, Mt. Iba being 1,604 ft. and is of volcanic origin. The mountain formation is calcareous and fossiliferous. The lowlands are sandy and topped with loam. All the rivers in the N. drain into the gulf of Lingayén through the Agno, and in the E. and S. into Manila Bay through the Pampanga, Chico and Grande. In the former group may be mentioned the riv- ers Balacán, Calimbộ, Camíling, Bilar, Tárlac, and Bolso. In the latter group are a number of streams unnamed and the Paruao. About the center of the E. boundary is Canarén Lagoon, 4 m. in diameter, the N. outlet of which, forming the NE. boundary of the province, empties into Lingayen Bay through the Agno, and the S. outlet, forming that portion of the boundary, empties into Manila Bay through the Pampanga, Chico and Grande. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The main road traverses the province from N. to S. with branches to the principal towns. The railroad which extends across the E. part of the province nearly parallels the main highway, passing through the towns of Bambang, Capas, Tárlac, Gerona, Paniquî, and Moncada. The province is connected with Nueva Ecija by the road from Concepción to Arayat, that from Tarlac to San Vicente, that from Victoria to San Juan de Guimba, and that from Paniquî to Cuyapó. It is connected with Pangasinan by the road from Paniquî to Bayambang and the railroad; the latter from Camíling to Mangataren and Bayambang; and with Pampanga by the railroad and the wagon road from Capas and Concepción to Masapínit. POPULATION AND TOWNS. Tárlac in 1901 had an estimated population of 89,339, the inhabitants for the greater part belonging to the same races as the provinces adjoining on the N. and S. The language spoken is gent-rally Tagalog; Pangasinan in the N. and Pampango in the S. Ilocano is also spoken to some extent, particularly in the vicinity of Gerona. The following is the division of Tarlac into pueblos and their respective population according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men Women. Total. Tárlac: Anao ...... Bambang Camíling - Capas... Concepción Gerona. Moncada. Moriones .. Murcia ... O'Donnell Paniqui .... Paz (La). Pura.......... San Clemente.. Santa Ignacia Tárlac. Victoria 1,433 932 9,054 958 7,003 4,001 1,274 549 1, 224 902 2,850 2,067 2, 282 1,034 750 4,218 5, 259 45, 790 1,284 878 8,061 930 6,420 3, 799 1,151 531 1,092 791 2, 703 2,051 2, 019 920 697 3,887 4,975 2,717 1, 810 17, 115 1,888 13, 423 7,800 2, 425 1.080 2, 316 1,693 5,553 4,118 4, 301 1,954 1,447 8, 105 10, 234 Total 42, 189 87,979 Estimated, 1901, 89,339. 876 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The total number of towns is 17 and of villages 59. The most important of the towns are: Tárlac; the capital, at the point where the Bolso Riy. changes its name to Tárlac, and 22 m. above its entrance into the Agno. It carries on a considerable trade with the surrounding country. Pop., 9,668. Anao; near the Nueva Ecija boundary, 19 m. NNE. of Tárlac. Pop., 7,000. Capas; 13 m. S. of Tárlac. Pop., 2,925. Concepción; on the r. bank of the Paruao, 13 m. SSE. of Tárlac. Pop., 13,499. Bamban; on l. bank of Paruao Riv., where the Manila and Dagupan R. R. crosses the boundary with Pampanga, 18 m. S. of Tárlac. Pop., 3,196. Gerona; i0 m. N. of Tárlac. Pop., 9,261. La Paz; 10 m. SE. of Tárlac, near Pampanga Chico. Pop., 2,805. Moriones; on r. bank of Bolso Riv., 11 m. WSW. of Tárlac. Pop., 1,289. Moncada; on a tributary of the Agno Riy., 18 m. N. of Tárlac. Pop., 7,601. Murcia; at crossing of tributary of Pampanga Chico, by Manila and Dagupan R. R., 8 m. S. of Tárlac. Pop., Cn 1887, 2,316. O'Donnell; on l. bank of Pallin source of Bolso Riv., 14 m. SW. of Tarlac. Pop., in 1887, 1,693. Paniquî; near r. bank of Tárlac Riy., 13 m. N. of Tárlac. Pop., 8,712. Pura; 13 m. NNE. of Tarlac, near the NW. shore of Canarén Lagoon. Pop., 5,255. San Clemente; in the extreme NW., at the crossing of the main road into Pan- gasinán, 18 m. NW. of Tárlac. Pop., 1,875. San Miguel de Camíling; on the river of that name, 19 m. NW. of Tarlac. Pop., 23,410. Santa Ignacia; on the l. bank of the Bilan Riv., 13 m. NW. of Tárlac. Pop., 1,374. Victoria; 9 m. NE. of Tárlac, near Canarén Lake. Pop., 10,362. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The most important agricultural product is rice, although a large quantity of sugar cane is raised. The growth of tobacco and corn is limited to the elevated portions of the province. MINERALS. There are no indications of mineral in Tarlac. Its resources are confined to the products of agriculture and the valuable woods of the Cordillera on the W. FORESTS. This province contains timber wealth of a great deal of importance, and very easy to utilize, on account of the proximity of the rivers to the forests. La Paz and Con- cepción are surrounded by a large area of very valuable woods, such as narra, acle, juyo, ípil, and others. Near the mountain towns of Camíling and Moriones, and near the chain of Zambales, is an abundance of molaue and other building woods. nexo: śpil, and othered by a large area of the rivers to the toportance, and ver FRUITS. Among the fruits of the province are several varieties of bananas, among them the torlangdató or the “lady finger," a peculiarly rich variety; also oranges and lemons. INDUSTRIES. There are no mechanical industries except for home consumption. The trade of the province is entirely by rail, river, and road. There is a considerable amount of river transportation by small boats on the Agno N. to the gulf of Lingayen and on the Chico de la Pampanga, through the Grande, S. to Manila Bay. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. On February 15, 1902, the province of Tárlac was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Camiling, Gerona, bo Paniquî. * Victoria. * Capas. Moncada. * Tárlac. bc * Telephone. "Telegraph. c Railroad. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 877 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Tárlac was created under the provincial organization act of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the P. C. February 18, 1901, to embrace that territory in the island of Luzon known as Tárlac." PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor .. Secretary Treasurer.. Supervisor ... Fiscal ........ $1,500 1,000 1, 800 1,500 1,200 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses not exceeding $2 per day as prescribed. The board has authority to unite with the provincial board of Pampanga and the manager of the Manila and Dagupan R. R. in the employment of a compe- tent engineer to devise a plan for protecting the roads and agricultural lands of the towns of the provinces and the roadway and bridges of the Manila and Dagupan R. R. from the destructive effect of the floods in the Tárlac, Bambang or Paruao, and Grande de la Pampanga Rivs. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province are to meet and organize on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October, to consider improvements needed in the province, and for other purposes prescribed by law. CONDITIONS. “There has been no interruption of the peace of the province since its organiza- tion under the provincial government act. I was well received in towns of that part of the provice recently visited, and expres- sions of desire for peace were numerous and seemingly earnest and sincere. I think this desire prevails. “The provincial government act and municipal code are working well. The amend- ments made from time to time have been timely and acceptable. The crops are good this year. Taxes are collected without difficulty, and the income exceeds expenditures thus far." (Official report of provincial governor of Tárlac, December, 1901.) danao. TARLAC (tahr'-lahk), Tag.; pueblo and capital of TASIRA (ta h-seel-rah), ver.; point on Sw.coast of Tárlac, Luzón, on r. bank of Agno Kiv., on Sorsogon, Luzón; lat. 12° 35' 6" N. Manila and Dagupan R. R., 73 m. NW. of Manila. Has fine road facilities to surround- TASIRAN (tah-see-rahn), ver.; point on E. coast ing towns. Pop., 9,668. of Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. river tributary to Agno Grande Riv., Min- TASMOOK (tahs-moh-ohk'), ver: one of islands of Basilan grp., off sw. of Zamboanga Pen., TARLAG, or DE AOG (tahr-lahg', day-ah-ohg') Mindanao; lat. 6° 25' 30" N. ver., river in Pampanga, Luzón, emptying TATAÁN (tah-tah-ahn'), ver.; port on N. shore of into Pinag de Candaba. Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. From Bakún Pt. coast TAROG (tah-rohg'), ver.; hamlet in central range trends WSW. for 1} m. to next point, from of Iloilo, Panay, 41 m. SW. of Maasin. there, which is opposite Cabankauan I., coast TARÓN (tah-rohn'), ver.; point on N. coast of trends SSW. 2 m. toward bottom of bay, and Ambos Camarines, Luzón. WSW. to settlement of Tatán, chief town on TARRA (tah'-rrah). ver.: point on E. shore of N. coast of Tawi Tawi. Busuanga I., one of Calamianes grp., between - chain of 9 small islands or coral reefs Paragua and Mindoro; lat. 12° 26' N. extending for 8 m. NE. and SW, nearly par- TARRAGONA (tah-rrah-goh'-nah), Sp.; town in allel to N. coast of Tawi Tawi I. Are also extreme SE. end of Surigao., E. coast of Min- known as Simalac Is., Sulu A. Between this danao, 4 m. N. of Tugubun Pt., 210 m. SSE. of chain and coast is clear commodious chan- Surigao. nel 14 m. wide, which forms port of Tataan. TARRICO (tah-rrheel-coh), yer.; point on E. coast (See Simalac Is.) 1941 ft. the highest. of Ambos Camarines (Norte), on San Miguel TATABUBAN (tah-tah-boo-bahn), ver.; bay in Bay, Luzón. Daram I., off W. coast of Sámar. TÁRTARO (tar'-tah-roh), Sp.; streams entering | TATAIDAGÂ (tah-tie-dah-gah'), nat.; point and Manila Bay along SE. shore and draining central portions of Cavite, Luzón. S. head to Lacutan Bay, W. shore of Pujada TARUK (tah-rook'). ver.: low island, 1. m. in Bay, SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. extent, almost joined to Tandubató I., off E. TATALAN (tah-tah-lahn), ver; island of Samales coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. Dependent cluster, in Balanguingui grp., Sulu A., 387 ft. islets to S. form W. side of channel Noche high. Channel between it and Landuan, buena. called Tapiantama, 6 m. wide. (See Talaran I.) 878 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TATÁN (tah-tahn'), ver.; town on NW. shore of TAUIG-OÍD (tah-weeg-oh-eed'), ver.; mountain of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. Upon small hill, and Antique, Panay, on boundary with Cápiz, consists of port and few buildings. Anchor in which Igod Riv. takes its rise. age exposed to SW. and NW. gales of June TAÚMO (tah-00'-moh), ver.; town on W. shore of and December. E. of Cabankauan affords Dávao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, 61 m. SE. of shelter from all winds. Dávao. River of some importance enters TATANGBANG (tah-tahng-bahng'), ver.; moun gulf N. of this town. tain in Sámar. TAÚSAN (tah-00'-sahn), nat.; river entering chan- TATANTALANG (tah-tahn-tah-lahng') nat.; point nel on N. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. S. of Palompon, W. coast of Leyte, Visayas. TAVIRAN (tah-veel-rahn), ver.; town on ). bank TÁTAY (tah'-tie), nat.; hamlet in SE. angle of of S. arm of Grande Riv. of Cotabato, Minda- Iligan Bay, SW. of outlet of Iligan Riv., Misa- nao. Mindanao at mouth of tributary, 8 m. mis, Mindanao. SE. of Cotabato, lat. 7° 7' 49" N., lon. 124° TATAYAN (tah-tah'-yahn), nat.; hamlet near W. 18' 42" E. Taviran hill lies 3 m. SSW. of town. coast of Basilan, off SW. Zamboanga Pen., | TAVIRAN, or COTABATO (tah-veel-rahn, coh-tah- Mindanao, 15 m. SW. of Isabela. bah'-toh); extinct volcano in Cotabato, Min- TATÍAN (tah-teel-ahn), ver.; central of group of 3 danao, lat. 7° 6' N., lon. 124° 18' E. small islands trending E. and w. between TAVI TAVI (tah'-vee tah'-vee), nat.; islet off SE. Tutú Bay and Cabalin Pt., S. coast of Sulu I., coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. Sulu A. TAVO-TAVO (tah-voh-tah'-voh), nat.; W. point TATING (tah-ting'), ver.; hamlet in Concepción, of Cagayan de Sulu I., Cagayan de Sulu grp., Iloilo, Panay, 109 m. S. of Carlés. important headland to navigators in Sw. TATLARÁN (taht-lah-rahn'), ver.; one of Sulu waters of Sulu Sea, opposite NE. coast of grp., Sulu A., lat. 6° 10' N. Borneo. point, island, and bay on N. coast of Caga- TATOL (tah-tohl'), ver.; hamlet of Cápiz, Panay, yán de Sulu, Sulu Sea; Buhí lies on its SW. on extreme NW. shore, 24 m. NE. of Malay. shore. TATÚA (tah-tool-ah), nat.; islet close to and off - island in SE. waters of Lapun Lapun extreme SW. point of Ticao I., Masbate grp., and Cagayan de Sulu, Sulu Sea. Visayas. TAWI TAWI (tah'-we tah'-we), ver.; largest and TATUBÍN (tah-too-been'), ver.; town of Bontoc, name island of group of that name; 38 m. Luzón, 5 m. SE. of Bontoc. Pop., 632. from ENE. to WSW. and 16 m. from N. to S. at its E. end; area 187 sq. m. covered with TATUS (tah'-toos), ver.; bay containing nu forest trees and undergrowth. At S. extreme merous small islands on S. coast of Sulu I.' are 2 peaks, 1,364 and 1,941 ft. high, between Sulu A. Moro settlements of Balambing and Dató. Another, in E., 1,161 ft., another, 736 ft. inland TAUIRAN (tah-wee'-rahn), ver.; point on E. coast E. by S. of Simanalé anchorage, and 2 others of Talim I., Laguna de Bay, Rizal, Luzón. of 897 and 1,283 ft. in extreme NE. Outlying TAUARI (tah-wah'-ree). ver.; hamlet on NW. islands are generally low, although some shore of Sulu I., Sulu A., 13 m. SE, of Sulu. reach fair elevation, Tambagan I., off NE. point of Tawi Tawi, being 635 ft. high and TAUAUA (tah-wah-wah), ver.; mountain in Suri Bangao, the extreme w. island, rising 1,151 gao, Mindanao, on E. bank of Agusan Riv., ft. People who are Moros are generally 164 m. SE. of Guadalupe. engaged in gathering products of sea. TAWI TAWI (GROUP), SULU ARCHIPELAGO. (Tah'-we tah'-we, ver.) Chief town: Tatán, on the NW. coast of Tawi Tawi, lat. 5° 17' N., lon. 120° 5/ E. Area: 462. Population: 1,815 fighting men. Race: Moros.. Language: Suluano-Moro. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. Table of distances. From Tatán to- Lahat Datu, E. Borneo (Darvel Bay).. Manila....... Puerto Princesa, Palawan ..... Sibutú ..... Sulu, Sulu I...... m. 110 675 320 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The farthest SW. possessions of the United States in E. Asia, situated in the extreme SW. angle of boundary under the treaty with Spain. On the NE. lie the islands of the Tapul group; on the E. and S. Célebes Sea, and on the W. Alice chan- nel from Célebes into the Sulu Sea with Borneo opposite and the Sulu Sea. The group lies between lat. 4° 47' N. and 5° 29' N. and lon. 119° 43' E. to 120° 33' E. The island of Sibutú, a possession of Spain and a part of the Tawi Tawi group, sub- sequent to the treaty of cession of Philippines to the United States, having been found 6 m. W. and outside of the limits defined, was recognized as part of the ceded archi- pelago by special convention and payment of a gratuity to Spain. (See Sibutú.) GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 879 AREA. The land area of the group is 462 sq. m. The extent of land and water is 95 m. from NE. (Bubuán I.) to SW. (the S. point of Sibutú I.) and 72 m. from NW. (Lapa- ran I.) to SE. (Cinapusan, also Kinapusan, I.), along the dividing channels on the N. and to 20 m. at the SW. and W. of the sea channel between the archipelago and the E. coast of Borneo, or about 4,000 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. islands. They are genera 736 to 1,941 ftith forests. The general The larger islands belong to the same system of insular summits which constitute the rest of the archipelago, the heights of which will be found under the names of islands. They are generally of moderate height, from 105 to 1,941 ft. There are 5 peaks on Tawi Tawi from 736 to 1,941 ft. The valleys and plains are fertile and overgrown. The mountains are covered with forests. The general aspect trom Sulu Sea on the NW. and the Célebes Sea on the SE., both beautiful types of the tropical waters of these latitudes, is exceedingly picturesque. BAYS AND HARBORS. The innumerable islands, islets, and shoals which front the group on the Célebes Sea side render navigation dangerous. The 3 channels-Sigbuye on the N., Camba and Paragua in the center, and Sibutú on the S.-furnish passages through the group from the Célebes to the Sulu seas. Along these channels under the islands safe anchorages are found for small craft. The soundings show depths from 3} to 40 fms. amɔng the islands and 100 fms. along the outer edge on either side. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. On the large island of Tawi Tawi are a number of trails connecting the interior and coast villages, but the chief means of travel and transportation is by the small native craft, which the natives handle dexterously. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The islands are but sparsely populated and many of them very inaccessible, so much so that they have become notorious among navigators as the hiding places of pirates, who, for the centuries since Western intercourse, and doubtless before, have preyed upon commerce, as well as native traffic. The inhabitants are of Malayan origin, with all the sea-roving characteristics of that race. They are Moslem in religious belief, and supposed to be an immediate offshoot of the races of Borneo. They are known as Suluanos, Camucones, and Tirones. The chief towns of the group are: Name. Islands. Name. Islands. Name. Islands. Balambing.. Bongao. Tawi Tawi. Bongao. Tawi Tawi. BA, Gatang Tawi Tawi. Laparan ....... Laparan. Maglacob..... Pangutárang. Sibutú... Simanale Tatán .... .... Sibutú. Tawi Tawi. Do. Dató..... With the exception of Tatán and Bongao, the settlements were established by the Spaniards, under a system of military colonization, and were known as “destaca- mentos militares." ISLANDS OF THE TAWI TAWI GROUP. There are over 100 islands within the limits of this group, from the uncovered peaks of the submerged rocks and coral reefs, to the more pretentious inhabited areas. The group is divided into lesser groups or clusters, as follows: On the NW. or Sulu side, Tawi Tawi has but a few islands, and those in shore, while on the NE., E., SE., and SW. is a fringe of islets and rocks, from 6 to 16 m. off shore. Cinapusan, or Kinapusan; cluster of 10 islands; area, 13 sq. m. 880 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Islands of the Tawi Tawi group. sq.m. sq.m. Pasegan.. Pintada ...... Plus.... Buan.....:: NE 1 1 . 1151, .. . . . . .. - - - - - Banaran.. Bankiki... Bangao, 115 ft. high Basbás. Basibuli Basún... Baturrapa. Bilatan. Bongao.... Bubuán, 457 ft. high, NE. Cabankauan. Cacataán, 105 ft. high, NE. Calupag, Great. Calupag, Little.. Candol.... Charuk. Cuad Basang Daluman. Laa......... Lataan ...... Lintían..... Lubucan.... Lupa ...... Magpeos, 418 ft. high .... Maniakolat Mantabuan. Manuc Mancá, 100 ft. high Nahaun.. Nusa Lakit.. Nusa Tacbú. Pananpangari. Pandanan.. Panjumajan.... Pantocunan... Papahag... Parangaan .. Sangá Sangá.. Sanguisiapo..... Sasa Sibuluac...... Sibutú, 500 ft. high, center ...... Sigbuye, 778 ft. high, center..... Simaluc (Simalac), 127 ft. high, N. Simonog, 141 ft. high, SW Singabuan Singuisiap.. Sipayu ........... Tabulunga .... Tagao.. Tikut Mataha .... Tambagaan, 725 ft. high, NE. Tambuluanga ..... Tambukan Tambucan) ....... 11 Tampa Tampa... Tancán.......... Tandubató. Tangao........ Tankolaluan 1 Taruc .. 1% | Tataán (see Simaluc). 61 Tawi Tawi. Ticul.. Tiji Tiji Tinakta.. Tonkían. Trusan Bangao. Tubulutubu.. Uara. - - - - 87 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total. 301 RECAPITULATION. The following represents the aggregate area by subdivisions: Cinapusan cluster ... Laparan. Tawi Tawi...... Unnamed, but charted; some of geographical importance, estimated....... Total, 88 islands .... sq.m. 13 40 301 .... 108 ..... 462 LAPARAN CLUSTER, TAWI TAWI GROUP. (Lah-pah'-rahn, nat.) Chief town: Laparan, lat. 5° 54' N., lon. 120° E., approximately, Area: 40 sq. m. Population: included in Sulu group. Race: Moro-Malay. Language: Moro-Suluano. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. Table of distances. From Laparan to- Tatán, Tawi Tawi. Sulu, Sulu I. ..... The Laparan cluster of the Tawi Tawi group of the Sulu Archipelago, in the SE. part of the Sulu Sea, lies N. of the Tawi Tawi I., SW. of the Pangutárang I. and within the W. limits (lon. 119° 35' E.) of the American possessions at this point. ....... 69 sq. m. Islands of the Laparan group. sq. m. Mamanuk.. Pearl .. Sail Rock.... Singaan. Tagbabaa. NO 2 Bahat Bambanan.. Billanguan.. Cap.... Damma Dasan.. Datu Bató.. Deoto Bata. Dok Kan ..... Lahat Lahat. La paran.... Taja. Uwaan. Zau... ! Total...... GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 881 The islands are unfrequented except by native fishing expeditions from Sulu and other islands of that archipelago and Borneo. Laparan on that island is a fishing settlement. The inhabitants speak Suluano, a Moro dialect. (See Tawi Tawi group.) CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The local administration is conducted by the Sultan and datos, in accordance with the agreement with the United States of the Sultan and datos of Sulu. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The principal products are rice, corn, hemp, and coffee in quantities for home use. MINERALS. The islands formed by volcanic action show no indications of mineral deposits. FORESTS. Molave, narra, ípil, and other valuable woods grow abundantly, but have no market value owing to absence of the means of transportation. FRUITS. The mangosteen, oranges, bananas, pomegranates, and other fruits of the equatorial islands of the Philippines grow wild and luxuriantly. INDUSTRIES. The chief means of subsistence and employment of the people is food fishing, pearling, and gathering mother-of-pearl, silanga, and trepang. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The establishment of the United States sovereignty was accomplished under the treaty with the Sultan of Sulu. On February 15, 1902, the Tawi Tawi group was occupied by United States troops as follows: Siasi. a Bongao. TAWI TAWI (tah'-we tah'-we), ver.; largest and principal island of Tawi Tawi grp., 34 m. from NE. to sw., and greatest width 14 m.; aver- age width, 6 m.; area, 187 sq. m. Mountain- ous in extreme NW., having summit (Bu- jimba) of 897 ft. in height, and immediately to SW. another (Batua), 1,283 ft., range cul- minating in elevation of 1,941 ft. (Dromedary), about center of island, at which point but 3) ft. wide. In peninsula (SE.) summit is 1,161 ft. high. Island is volcanic. Plains between these summits are fertile and overgrown by tropical vegetation. Settlement established by Spaniards named Tatán, is on NW. coast on small bay. Appearance of island is par- ticularly picturesque from sea, small forests being interspersed with verdured openings. Adjacent islands are sparsely inhabited and in times past refuge of pirates. On N. coast are several well-sheltered anchorages. NE. coast is bordered by chain of islands of moderate height, affording anchorages for all classes of interisland craft to N. or S. coasts. S. coast is bordered with islands ex- tending 15 m. to S. and SW., but with deep channels between them to bays on coast. great bay on NW. coast of island of that name, Sulu A. Interior is much filled with banks and shoals, requiring extreme care on part of navigators. - hamlet on extreme N. coast of island of that name in Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. TAYAB (tah-yahb'), ver.; mountain in pueblo of Bangued, Abra, Luzon, N. of town. - river in pueblo of Bangued, Abra, Luzon, rising in mountains of Tayab and emptying into Abra Riv. TAYABAS (tah-yah'-bass), Tag.; bay on Pacific, E. coast of Batangas and SE. coast of Tayabas, Luzón. Boundary between these provinces ends at Sw. coast of bay. Headlands are low and thickly wooded and may be seen from Marinduque I. to SE. Coast is heavily wooded. -point at mouth of river of that name in Ta- yabas, Luzón. - river in Tayabas, Luzon, emptying into Tayabas Bay. Inland stream divides into 2 branches. Native crafts called paraos and cascos frequent river, and armed launches can enter as far as Koto village, 1 m., entrance is staked by natives. - pueblo of Tayabas province, Luzón, on SW. shore 5 m, inland from Tayabas Bay and on E. bank of river of same name and 65 m, in straight line SE, of Manila. Region in imme- diate vicinity is flat toward coast, mountain- ous to NW., Mt. Banajao being 7 m, in that direction. Is seat of large trade, both inland and caostwise, and has nearby dockyard, in which native vessels of good size are built. Pop., 15,000. a Telegraph. S. Doc. 280— 56 882 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TAYABAS, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Tah-yah'-bahs, Tag.) Capital: Lucena, lat. 13° 55' N., lon. 121° 26' 30" E. Area: 2,334 sq. m. Population: 109,780. Race: Tagalog and Bícol. Language: Tagalog and Bícol. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Lucena to- Atimonan, opposite shore (Lamón Gulf). Batangas. Manila, NW.. Manila via Verde Passage........ LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Tayabas forms the W. of the 2 great peninsulas which terminate the SE. extreme of Luzon. It is bounded on the N. by a narrow strip of 41 m. of Infanta, the Pacific Ocean (Lamón Bay), and Ambos Camarines; on the E. by Ambos Camarines and the Visayan (Ragay Guls) Sea; on the S. by the Mindoro Sea; on the SW. by Batangas, and on the NW. by Laguna. Opposite the center of its frontage on the Mindoro Sea for a distance of 87 m. and 13 m. away lies the island of Marinduque. AREA. The outline of the province is very irregular. From its NW.limit at Pt. Piapi to Pt. Pagsanjan the extreme SE. is 102 m., and from the corner of the boundaries of Camarines Norte and Sur and Tayabas on the NE. to Sandoval Pt. on the SW. is 47 m. Area: Mainland, 2,250 sq.m.; dependent islands, 84 sq. m.; total, 2,334 sq. m., over twice the size of Rhode Island and but 26 sq. m. smaller than the State of Delaware. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface is very mountainous. Throughout the length from NW. to SE. extends a main central chain which sends out a number of smaller ranges toward the Pacific Ocean and Mindoro Sea coast. The summits of these mountains have ele- vations of from 400 to 250 ft., among these in the extreme NW. Mts. Banahao, 2,250 ft.; Balisang (Balegin), 1,300 ft., and Masalacay, 730 ft., and in the extreme SE., Cabeza de Bondog, 381 ft. Between Pagbilao and Unison, a distance of 25 m., the country narrows to an isthmus between 5 and 102 m. between Lamón Bay on the Pacific and Tayabas Bay on the China (Mindoro) Sea, which unites the 2 unequal portions of the province, that on the SE. having nearly 3 times the area of the other. The central chain sends out a large number of streams, few of them rising to the dignity of rivers. The Tayabas Riv., about 100 yds. wide at its mouth and 1 fm., increasing to 2 fms., deep in the entrance channel, is much frequented by the native craft called paraos and cascos. Armed launches can ascend as far as Cota, 1 m. from its mouth. The channel is marked by stakes. Fresh water is abundant. Lucena, the capital, lies near this river. andws : 381': 1,300 amon.coast as our BAYS AND HARBORS. On the coast of this province are 3 of the largest bays of the archipelago, besides smaller indentations within their own limits, as follows: Lamón; on the N. shore opening on the Pacific to the N. 31 m. between heads and 25 m. inland. It is protected from the N. winds by the island of Jomálig, a dependent of Ambos Camarines, and Polillo, off the Infanta coast to the N. The little island Balisang (Balegin, or Balesín), which lies in the middle of the bay, and Calbalete and Alabat, form with the mainland a well-sheltered port with excellent anchorage. 00000000 0000 NINETY-FOOT BAMBOO FLAGSTAFF, LUCENA, TAYABAS. BAMBOO ARCH OF WELCOME AT TAYABAS. GAZETTFER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 883 The passage on the E. side of Alabat I. is free from danger, but that on the W. is shallow and foul. Indented along its shores are the following smaller bays: Apat; a small sheltered inlet on the E. shore of the E. passage between Alabat and the mainland. Maubán; an anchorage on the W. shore on the passage between Alabat I. and the mainland. Ragay; the NE., N., and W. shore of this extensive gulf, with a frontage of 50 m. and an inland trend of 75 m., stretch along the S. limit of this province. Along with the river Viñas which enters at its head and has a depth of 52 feet at its mouth, this gulf almost severs the island of Luzon at this point into 2 parts. Its entrance is divided into 2 channels by Burias, the most NW. of the large islands of Masbate province. The gulf is generally clear and deep. On its shores are the following smaller bays: Matcahmayon; a sheltered inlet on the extreme NE. coast. Piris, about 13 m. NW. by N. of Pusgo Bay affording an anchorage of 58 fms. Pusgo; a narrow inlet about the center of the W. shore penetrating 6 m. to the NW. The width between the entrance points is 1. m.; the depth in mid-channel is 41 to 5 fms., to 13 m. past the narrowest part. The inner harbor generally is 18 fms. Soboncogon; on the extreme SW. shore 6 m. N. of Arena Pt. and is much fre- quented by native coasters. It offers anchorage and shelter in 31 fms. Sógod; on the N. coast, opening on the Pacific. One-half of this bay lies in Tayabas and the other half in Ambos Camarines, the boundary between the two coming down to its shore. Tayabas; extensive bight formed on the S. shore, 83 m. between heads, with the exception of a small strip of 8 m. on the W.; lies entirely within the limits of Taya- bas, being fronted on the S. by Marinduque, its nearest coast lying but 13 m. distant. Within these limits are the following smaller bays: Aguasa; a small bay on the SW. coast, affording shelter for vessels rounding Bondog for Tayabas Bay. Ayoni; a small bay 14 m. N. of Aguasa, affording shelter in E. and SE. winds for native craft entering Tayabas Bay. Capulaán; on the NW. shore, formed by the islands of Pagbilao Grande and Pag- bilao Chico. Catanauan; 6 m. ESE. of Pt. Jugulan. It is clear and offers shelter from N., NE., and E. winds in 31 to 7 fms. Laguimanoc; an inlet on the N. shore, sheltered by Pagbilao Grande and Pagbi- lao Chico on the W. and mainland on the E. It is 3 m. long, nearly 1 m. wide, with from 24 to 11 fms, deep. An uncharted islet rises near the center. Mulanay; a bight ESE. Of Angus Pt., on the E. coast. The anchorage has 5 fms. Pagbilao; in the NW. part. Although of wide extent, should not be entered without a pilot, as its available part is reduced to about 2 m. The depth of the channel is from 8 to 10 fms. and the space within from 3 to 5 fms. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. telegraph linn Sorsogón, in the are situated alon This province is in water communication with all the ports of the archipelago. Many of its chief inland towns are situated along the main highroad and telegraph lines between Sorsogón, in the extreme SE., and Manila. This great highway and telegraph line, beginning at Sorsogón, connects that provincial capital and the inter- mediate ones, Albay, Nueva Cáceres, Lucena, Santa Cruz, and Cavite, with the capi- tal of the archipelago. From Guinayangan a trail parallels the W. shore of Ragay Gulf to Soboncogon, where it crosses to the opposite coast at Bondog and thence parallels the Tayabas Bay coast to Calotan, where it crosses the isthmus striking the main high way again at Atimonan, on Lamón Bay. There are several roads in the W., one from Pagbilao along the bay shore toward Batangas; another from Tayabas, on the main line, to Tiaong and Dolores, near the Laguna boundary. From López, on the main line, a road extends into Camarines Norte via Caláuang and Apat. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population of Tayabas Province is 109,780. The inhabitants of the W. sec- tion and the W. slope of the peninsula of Tayabas, which terminates in Pt. Bondog (or Cabeza de Bondog), are almost all Tagálogs. Those who inhabit the country near Camarines and the E. slope of the peninsula are Bícols. Tagalog is spoken in the W. and Bícol in the E. part of the peninsula of Tayabas. 884 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The following is the division of Tayabas into pueblos and their respective popula- tion, according to the census of 1887: Total population, combin- ing residents present and absent, native and Span- ish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 4,659 779 1,668 1, 847 9,506 1, 734 3,366 3,816 2,103 2, 215 7,504 1,043 4,847 955 1, 698 1,969 1,060 1, 196 3, 809 3,938 3,853 2,771 1,760 4,357 776 2, 229 Tayabas: Atimonan. Calauang..... Candelaria. Catanauan.. Dolores ...... Guinayangan Gumaca López. Lucbán Lucena. Macalelon. Maubán ... Mulanay .... Pagbilao... Pitogo ..... San Narciso.. Sariaya.. Tayabas.. Tiaong... Unisan.. Total. 7.647 10, 238 1, 019 3, 695 3,709 5,385 2, 726 1, 666 4, 605 719 2, 295 1,260 1,085 3,709 7,989 3, 343 859 1, 353 1,093 5, 497 3, 426 8, 962 1,495 4,524 2, 613 2, 178 7,112 16.058 6,858 1,811 108, 463 3, 403 8,069 3,315 952 54, 403 54,060 Estimated, 1901, 109, 780. This province has a total of 23 towns, 425 villages, and 5 hamlets. The towns being as follows: Lucena; the capital, on the NW. shore of Tayabas Bay, in the NW. part of the province. It was made the capital under the provisions of the provincial enabling act, the inland town of Tayabas, 73 m. N., having been the capital under Spanish jurisdiction. The town is well built, and although off the main line of road com- munication, has easy access to Manila by water. Pop., 7,000. 00 Apat; in the NE. part, at the terminụs of the wagon road and trail, from López N. 14 m., 2 m. inland E. of the inlet of Apat, on Lamón Bay, 4 m. S. of Sógod Bay; 5 m. W. of Ambos Camarines (Norte) boundary, and 40 m. NE. of Lucena. Atimonan (sometimes called Lanoon); where the main road touches the SW. shore of Lamón Bay, 20 m. ENE. of Lucena. Next to Tayabas the largest town in the province. It has an excellent anchorage. Pop., 10,000. Calaoang; on an inlet on the E. shore of the E. entrance to Lamón Bay, 35 m. ENE. of Lucena. It is connected with the main road at López, 11 m. S. A century ago this was the capital of Tayabas Province and a place of considerable commercial importance. Pop., 2,813. Candelaria; on the Tayabas and Tiaong road, in the extreme W. part, 14 m. W. of Lucena Pop. 3,234. Catanauan; on the SW. coast, near the bay of that name, 56 m. SE. of Lucena Pop., 4,000. Dolores; 19 m. NW. of Lucena, within 2 m. of the Laguna boundary. Pop., 2,571. Guinayangan; on the W. shore of a deep inlet which sets inland at the head of Ragay Gulf, 57 m. E. of Lucena. A trail and telegraph line connects with the main line 9 m. to the NW. It has been a meteorological station. Pop., 2,000. Gumaca, on the main road, S. of the S. shore of Lamón Bay, 28 m. E. of Lucena. Pop., 7,571. Laguimanoc; near the E. shore of the bay of that name, 16 m. E. of Lucena. López; 5 m. SE, of the shore of Lamón Bay and 34 m. E. of Lucena. Pop., 6,412. Lucbán; on the main road, 3 m. SE. of the Laguna boundary and 15 m. N. by W. of Lucena. Pop., 12,755. Macalelón; near the E. shore of Tayabas Bay, 40 m. ESE. of Lucena. Pop., 3,000. Maubán; ir the NW. of the province, at the mouth of the river of that name entering Lamón Bay. Pop., 9,268. Mulanay; on the l. bank of the river of same name, on the E. coast of Tayabas Bay, 65 m. SE. of Lucena. Pop., 2,464. Pagbilao; 7 m. NE. of Lucena. Pop., 5,756. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 885 Pitogo; on the r. bank of Mayabo Riv., on the NE. coast; at this point the main trail divides to Unisan, on Tayabas Bay, and Gumaca, on the opposite or Lamón Bay shore, 36 m. ESE. of Lucena. Pop., 3,011. Quilbay; in the E. part, 8. m. NW. of Ambos Camarines boundary, 5 m. inland E. of Matcahuayan, 71 m. E. of Lucena. San Narciso; at the head of Pitogo inlet, on W. shore of Ragay Gulf, 69 m. ESE. of Lucena Pop., 1,087. Sariaya; in the W. part, on the Tayabas and Tiaong road, 7 m. NW. of Lucena. Pop., 6,966. Tayabas; formerly capital of the province, on the main road, 10 m. SE. of Laguna boundary and 8 m. N. of Lucena. It is an important road center and carries on a large trade with the surrounding country. Largest town in the province. Pop., 15,000. Tiaong; in extreme E. part, within 1 m. of the Laguna boundary on N. and 5) m. of the Batangas boundary on S. These 2 lines come to a point 7 m. to the W. It is 20 m. NW. of Lucena. Pop., 6,950. Unisan; on the Tayabas Bay trail near its E. shore, 28 m. SE. of Lucena. Pop., 3,155. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The islands off this coast are generally of good size. The coast is clear. The fol- lowing are the adjacent islands: sq.m. Alabat; almost across the entire ocean front of the great Lamón Bay stretches the island of Alabat; it is 15 m. from NW. to SE. and 5, m. from NE. to SW.; island is traversed by a range of mountains covered with vegetation and fine forests of woods suitable for building and furniture making; the island is inhabited by Tagálogs who live mainly in 3 villages on the SW. coast: Canagon in the center, Sanguinin in the N., Silangan in the extreme SE.; in the mountains N. of Sanguinin coal is found; in the central part the valuable wood known as camagón, and in the S. that known as silangan grow in abundance; this island with Calbalete on the N. and the mainland to the W. forms a well-sheltered harbor with good anchorage in the NW. part of Lamón Bay...... .............................................................................. 60 Alibijaban; on the W. side of the entrance to Ragay Gulf, 2 m. off the extreme SE. coast of the Tayabas Pen.; it is 3. by 1m. in extent; low and wooded. It possesses a little bay of 4 fms., and off the S. end is an anchorage of 14 fms......... Angat; a small island in the bay between Pagbilao Grande and the main shore to the NW....... Calbalete; an uninhabited island 54 m. N. and S. and 2 m. E. and W.; it lies 3 m. N. of the N. point of Alabat I. and 5 m. NE. of Salay Pt. on the mainland of Tayabas; it is traversed from NW. to SE. by a low range of mountains which are covered with trees and vegetation ......... Laguimanoe; E. of the group of islands which form with Pagbilao on the W., the bay of the same name and a well-sheltered anchorage...... Pagbilao Chico; in the E. part of a deep indentation at the head of Tayabas Bay, 3 m. from N. to S. and 1 m. E. to W.; it is united to the larger island by a narrow sand bar....... Pagbilao Grande; about the center of a deep inlet in the N. waters of Tayabas Bay; 4 m. E. and W. and 14 m. N. and S.; it lies from to 2, m. off shore and fronts the anchorage of the town of the same name; the island is almost joined to the mainland at Pt. Puaya; Mt. Mitra tower- ing over the vicinity is a prominent object from the sea..... Pásig; E. of Alabat I., near Pt. Pangao and united to the mainland by a reef. Dependent islands, 8, total area 84 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The numerous valleys which descend in terraces from the mountain ranges to the coast are fertile and well watered. On the higher elevations of the arable soil the cereals of the archipelago are grown with success. On the lower ground the staple products are rice, sugar cane, and coffee. A special product of this province is a seed called lumbang, from which is made a dry oil containing a large amount of oleagi- nous substance. The inhabitants are also engaged in the raising of live stock, MINERALS. Indications of coal are found in parts of the province. On the island of Alabat, N. of the village of Sanguinin, an excellent quality of coal is reported, the veins lying within convenient access to the sheltered waters of Lamón Bay. FORESTS. The forests present a variety of hard woods suitable for the building trades and ship construction, also for medicinal and dyeing purposes. The cocoanut is grown over large areas. Among the resources of the forest are wax, pitch, tar, resin, and cabo negro. From the dumgal, a tree producing a bitter wood, cups are made in which in a few hours, water assumes a taste and effect similar to that of quinine. There is a large export trade of forest products to foreign countries. 886 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. FRUITS. The manga grows luxuriantly, the fruit sometimes being from 6 to 7 inches in length. The sapote, papagat, mangosteen, the last called the "king's fruit" by the Moros, bananas, oranges, lemons, and other fruits of the archipelago grow abun- dantly. INDUSTRIES. The articles of native manufacture are quite numerous, including hats, cigar cases and boxes, and various kinds of fabrics of the country. At the outbreak of the Spanish war there were upward of 300 looms engaged in the weaving of hemp and pineapple fiber. About 40 mills were engaged in the extraction of oil from the cocoanut. The towns on the shores of the great bay are supplied with dock and boat-building yards, in which large numbers of cascos, paraos, and other boats of the country are built. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The operations of the expeditionary forces in the provinces of Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, and Tayabas, January 4 to February 8, 1900, accomplished, in addition to the dispersion of the insurgents, the relief of the American and Spanish prisoners held at Guinayangan. On February 15, 1902 the province of Tayabas was occupied by United States troops as follows: Atimonan.a Laguimanoc.. Moncada. Sariaya. Candelaria, a López. a Pagbilao. Tayabas. * Catanauan. Lucbán. b Pitogo. Tiaong. Guinayangan. Maubán. Sampoloc. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Tayabas was created under the provincial organization act of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the P. C., dated March 12, 1901, to include “that territory in the island of Luzon known as the province of Tayabas." PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor.... $1,600 Secretary .. 1, 100 Treasurer. 2, 200 Supervisor 1, 800 Fiscal .. Allowance for necessary and actual expenses not exceeding $2.50 per day as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet and organ- ize on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October, to consider improve- ments needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. 1, 350 ANNEXATION OF POLILLO, INFANTA, AND PRÍNCIPE. By act of the P. C. June 12, 1902, “the island of Polillo and that territory in the island of Luzon heretofore included in the district of Infanta, and the district of Príncipe" were "annexed to and included in the province of Tayabas," the inhabi- tants of the annexed territories to enjoy the same rights and privileges as if the said territories had been originally incorporated in the province of Tayabas, and the municipal officers in the towns included in the territories so annexed, organized under the municipal code, were to have the same relation to the provincial officers for the province of Tayabas as provided in the act of March 12, 1901, for the muni- cipal officers for the towns of the said province. a Telegraph. • Telephone. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 887 TAYABASAN (tah-yah-bah'-sahn), Tag.; peak in Caraballo Sur, in Bulacan, Luzón. TAYAG (tah-yahg'), nat.; summit 571 ft. on SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. TAYAGAN (tah-yah'-gahn), ver.; town of Abra, Luzón, 16 m. NE. of Bangued, in forks of head waters of Tineg. TAYASAN (tah-yah'-sahn), ver.; pueblo and river of Negros Oriental entering Tañón Strait 1 m. S. Town occupies central position on sea channel between Negros Oriental and Cebu, 14 m. W. of Badián, Cebú, across sea channel, and 44 m. N. of Dumaguete. Pop., 1,569. - point in N. Negros. TAYRO (tie'-roh), ver.; town in Benguet, Luzón. TAYSÁN (tie-sahn'), Tag.; pueblo in Batangas, Luzón. Pop., 6,971. TAYTABOAN (tie-tah-boh'-ahn), ver.; island off SE. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, lat. 6° 52' 20" N. TAYTAY (tie-tie'), nat.; stream entering Guima- rás Strait, 1 m. S. of Súmag, Negros Occi- dental. - village 2 m. SW. of Guiuan port, extreme eme SE, peninsula of Sámar, Visayas. - hamlet in E. central Leyte, 5 m. SW. of Alangalang, near Gabayong Riv. - prominent headland of approach to Abú- yog, on E coast of Leyte from Pacific Ocean. Coast in both directions is covered with co- coanut plantations and rice fields. - pueblo in Rizal, Luzón, on former bound- ary between Mórong and Manila, 11 m. E. of Manila. Pop., 6,800. - hamlet of Negros Oriental, 5 m. W. of Si- bulan. -- hamlet on SE: shore of great bight on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 4. m. NW. of Pilar. - hamlet 8 m. S. of Mondragón, N. coast of Sámar. - pueblo and chief town of Paragua, Pala- wan, on inlet on SW. angle of bay of that name, lat. 10° 50' N., lon. 119° 30' E. Walls of fort are 30 ft. high and mount several pieces of artillery; will accommodate garrison of 700 soldiers. Large tracts of land in interior are under cultivation. Bridle road communi- cates with Malampaya, inner sound, about 4 m. distant, on opposite side of island. Pigs, fowls, goats, and vegetables are abundant. Pop., 6,800. - head on Taytay Bay, 2 m. N. of Port Tay- tay, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. - bay on NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan, 11 m. between extreme points and 6 m. inland, affording good shelter in SW. monsoon; 4 is- lands-Elephant, Castle, Apulit, and Lion-lie across entrance. Collinson, off N. head, south passage, center, Snake Rock, S. and Calaba- dian and Taytay Is., off S. head. (Also Icad- amba mcan.) Bay of Malampaya sets in on W. shore opposite, distance between their inland shores from E. to W. coasts across island being less than 4m. High range over- looks both shores; portion which separates NW. part of Taytay Bay from Baquit Bay to NW.is 1,680 ft. high, with several sharp peaks, giving rise to name Shark's Fin range. Tay- tay, chief town on mainland of Paragua, Pa- lawan, lies in cove on its SW. shore. TAYTAY, NORTH and SOUTH, for. (See Icadam- banauan I. and Calabadián I., NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan.) TAYUG (tah-yoog'), nat.; pueblo in extreme NE. part of Pangasinan, Luzón, 34 m. E. of Lin- gayén, on highway from San Quintín to Asingan, and 2 m. E. of crossing of Agno Riv. Pop., 19,612. TAYUM (tah-yoom'), ver.; pueblo in Abra, Luzón, near 1. bank of Abra Riy., 3 m. NE. of Ban- gued, with which it is connected by road. Pop., 3,436. TAYUMAN (tah-yoo'-mahn), ver.; river rising in Magoobocas Mt., Negros Occidental, and flow- ing NW. enters Guimarás Strait, 1 m. NW. of Suay. - village in N. part of Tondo suburbs, near N. boundary of Manila municipality, Luzón. TEBICÁN (tay-bee-cahn'), ver.; hamlet on W. coast of Cotabato, Mindanao, 7 m. N. of Quidapil Pt. TEBULÍAN (tay-boo-lee'-ahn), nat.: peak 769 ft. high, about center of Cagayan Sulu, and form- ing one of crests of central range of elevation which begin on NE. shore, extending S. to Mt. Ledan, and thence W. to extreme W. shore of island. Several peaks measured show 532, 392, and 395 ft. elevation, latter be- ing extreme W. summit. Another peak 386 ft. high, somewhat isolated, lies SW. of Te- bulian. TECA (tay'-cah), nat.; point in Negros Oriental. TEINGA (tayng'-ah), nat.; extreme NW. island of Basilan grp., of sw. Zamboanga Pen., Min- danao, 29 m. NW. by W. of Isabela. Is low and wooded. TEINGA LAGUIT (tayng'-ah lah-git'), ver.; low, wooded island off W. coast of Basilan I., off SW. Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, opposite Maluso Bay. TEINGOLAN (tayng-oh-lahn), nat.; islet off Ma- iuso Bay, W. shore Basilan I., of sw. Zam- boanga Pen., Mindanao. - island W. of Maluso Bay, W. coast of Ba- silan I., off SW. Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. TEIPONO (tay-poh'-noh), nat.: islet E. side of Maluso Bay, sw.of mouth of Maluso Riv., W. shore of Basilan I., of SW. Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. Islet lies about 1 m. N. of Tei- pono. - hamlet on W. shore of Basilan I., off sw. Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao, N. of Govenen Is. TELACAUA (tay-lah-cah-wah), Tag.; mountain in Tárlac, central Luzon. TELÉGRAFO (tay-layl-grah-foh), Sp.; hamlet on NW. shore of Biliran I., off NW. coast Leyte, 3 m. NW. of Almeria. - station on point of W. arm of extreme N. peninsula of Mindoro, on E. channel entrance to Port Galera. TEMONTANGIS (tay - mohn-tahng' - ees), ver.; mountain NE. of Párang, on SW. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A. TEMPLE, for.; most N. of chain of islands off SE. coast of S. Palawan, fronting Bay of Islands (Bahía de las Islas). TEMPLO (taym'-ploh), Sp.; island 3 by 11 m. in size, in W. entrance to Ragay Gulf, between Burias I., Masbate grp., Visayas, and Taya- bas, Luzón, and 2 m. NW. of Cueva Pt. TENABÍAN (tay-nah-beel-ahn), ver., island | m. long, 325 ft. high, on Malampaya Sound, W. shore Paragua, Palawan. TENAOGAN (lay-nah-oh-gahn), ver.; hamlet on NW. extreme of Buad I., W. coast of Sámar, near entrance to Villareal Bay. TENDIDO (tayn-deel-doh), Sp.; mountain near N. extreme of range on W. coast, off Surigao, Mindanao, between Mainit Lake and N. coast. Tendido reaches elevation of 3,251 ft. 3 m. to SE. rises summit 3,264 ft. high, and between this and lake rises double peak. - group of lofty mountains on extreme NW. coast of Mindanao, forming important land- mark for navigators in Surigao Strait, TENT, for.; islet sw. of Custodio Pt., W. coast of Paragua, Palawan. TEOLONG (tay-oh-lohng'),ver.; island 21 by 1, m. in extent, N. of Malaguinoan, 21 m. off E. coast of Polillo I., off E. coast of Infanta, Luzon, 888 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TEOLOSAN (tay-oh-loh-sahn'), ver.; W. coast TIAGAN, pueblo and former comandancia be- hamlet of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 471 m. N. tween Abra, Amburayan, Lepanto, and Ilocos of Zamboanga. Sur, now part of Abra, Luzón. Has 7,793 in- TEOMABAL (tay-oh-mah-bahl'), ver.; E. and low, habitants, divided among 25 hamlets and 53 wooded island of Pangutárang grp., Sulu A. villages. Principal town is San Emilio. Pop., 1,658. Igorrotes of mountains and tribes - small, low island SW., 31 m. from Pt. Pútic: called Buric and Busao cultivate rice, coffee, S. of E. head of Maibún Bay, on S. shore of chocolate, corn, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, Sulu I., Sulu A. cotton, and vegetables. Industry is limited TERESA (tay-ray'-sah). Sp.; pueblo in central to weaving cloth and making baskets, hats, Rizal, Luzón, 3 m. NW. of Mórong. Pop., cardcases, and pipes. Is now embraced in 4,250. Ilocos Sur. TERMABA tayr-mah'-bah), ver.; islands of Sulu TIAGAO (tyah-gow'), ver.; port on NE. coast of grp., Sulu A. Cápiz, Panay, lat. 11° 30' N. TERMAS (tayr'-mass), Sp.; hamlet in SW. Leyte. TIAÍN (tyah-een'), ver.; point 1 m. SW. of Port (See Dolores.) Patuku, NW. shore of Sarangani I., off S. pen. TERNATE (tayr-nah'-tay), Tag.; pueblo ons.shore insula of Mindanao. of main channel to Manila Bay, in Cavite, TIANGI (tyahng'-ee), nat., native name for Sulu, Luzón, 19 m. SW. of Cavite. Pop., 1,828. capital of Sulu grp. and Sulu A. TETAPAN (tay-tah-pahn), ver.; pueblo of Bontoc, | TIANOSI (tyah-noh'-see), ver.; town in Tayabas, Luzón, 9 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 1,340. Luzón. TETAS DE CATAÍÑGA (tay'-tahs day cah-tah- TIAONG (tyah-ohng'), ver.; pueblo in W. Taya- eeng'-ah), Hisp.; 2 peaks in SE. part of Mas- bas, Luzón, near Batangas boundary, 18 m. bate I., Masbate grp., Visayas, 7 m. S. of Pa- W. of Tayabas, with road communication lanas. with points E. and Los Baños, Laguna de Bay, N. Pop., 6,950. TETAS DE POLANTUNA (tay'-tahs day poh-lahn- too'-nah), Hisp. (See Labo Mt.) TIASUAC (tyah-swahk'), ver.; hamlet in Abra, TETAS DE SANTA, or ILOQUEÑAS (tay'-tahs day Luzon, 5 m. SE. of Bangued. sahn'-tah, ee-loh-kay'-nyas), Sp.; mountain TIBAG-TIBAG (tee-bahg-tee-bahg'), Tag.; river in pueblo of Santa, Ilocos Sur, Luzón, S. of emptying into Laguna de Bay, in Laguna, Santa and N. of pueblo of Narvacán. Luzon, at Cabuyao. TETUÁN (tay-twahn'), Sp.; pueblo in extreme SE. TÍBAI (tee'-by), nat.; town at junction of rivers Zamboanga, Mindanao, near r. bank of river forming Dugan, at their outlet on extreme of same name emptying into sea opposite SW. shore of Bislig Bay, E. coast of Surigao, Sacol I. Is 3 m. NE. of Zamboanga. Mindanao, 124 m. SE. by E. of Surigao. TETUIGPÁN (tay-twig-pahn'), nat.; river empty- TIBANGRÁN (tee - bahn-grahn'), ver.; peak in ing on NE. coast of Sámar into N. entrance to Caraballos Occidentales, in Abra and Ilocos Laguán channel. Sur, Luzón. THEODORE, for.; point on N. shore of Inlulutoc TIBAO, or CALAPÁN (tee-bah-oh, cah-lah-pahn'), Bay, NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. ver.; point in N. Mindoro. THIRTIETH OF JUNE, for.; island NE. by N., 83 TIBBYÓN (tib-bee-ohn'), ver.; bay on W. coast m. from Sand I., off Calver Pt., 2 m. off shore, of Palawan. (See Jibboom I.) SE. coast of S. Palawan. Victoria peak, 5,680 TIBÍ (tee-bee'), nat.; mountain. (See Malinao ft. high, is landmark ashore. Mt., in Ambos Camarines, Luzón.) THOMANTON, for.; conspicuous headland and - town on main road on SW. shore of Lago- point on E. shore of Guimarás Strait, Negros noy Gulf, in Albay, Luzón, 23 m. N. by W. of Occidental, and 11 m. E. and opposite main Albay, 51 m. NE. of Buhí; is chief town of land of Panay. From this point coast of Ne- district of 10,447 inhabitants; celebrated for gros trends E. its thermal springs, 5 m. NE. by E. of volcanic THREE PEAKED, or CAMUNGYAN (cah-moon summit of Malinao. (See Tivi.) hee'-ahn), ver.; island 140 ft. high, 14 m. N. TIBIAO (tee-bee-ah'-oh), ver.; pueblo and river of North West Head, on W. side of N. approach 1 m. N. on W. coast of Antique, Panay, 38 m. to Ulugan Bay from Paragua, Palawan. N. of San José de Buenavista. Pop., 5,402. THREE PEAKS, for.: mountain in Poro I. of Ca | TIBOA (tee-boh'-ah), nat.; bay and river empty- motes grp., SW. of Leyte. ing into it, on SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. THUMB, for.; peak of Peel Mt., 4,260 ft. high, on coast of Zambales, Luzón. NW. shore of Port Royalist (Puerto Princesa), TIBUNGOY (tee-boong-oy'), ver.; hamlet on W. E. coast of S. Palawan. shore of Davao Gulf, 37 m. S. of Davao, Min- - remarkably cliffy hill on S. shore of Tawi danao. Tawi I., Sulu A., with bearing leading nearly | TÍBUT (teel-boot). nat.: point on SW. coast of to mid-channel, between Simonog I. and Tiji Dávao, Mindanao, NW. of Sarangani C. Tiji bank. TICAALAN (tee-cah-ah-lahn), ver.; hamlet near - peak 4,260 ft. high, on W. coast of Paragua, head waters of Cagayán Riv., in E. Misamis, Palawan. (See Long Pt.; also Pulgar Mt.) Mindanao, 23. m. S. of Cagayan de Misamis. THUMB HILL, for.; eminence on island of TICALÁ (tee-cah-lah'), nat.; islet off E. head of Bongao, SW. of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., and Malábug Bay, W. shore of Illana Bay, Cota- landmark of approach. bato, Mindanao. (See Sagara yan.) TIAGÁN (tyah-gahn'), ver.; town in Lepanto, TICALÁ, LITTLE; 2 islets S. of Ticalá I., off N. Luzón, on highway leading SE. 17 m. to Cer shore of Sagarayan I., in NE. entrance to vantes, which is 4 m. SW. of Cayán. Pop., Malábug Bay, w. shore Illana Bay, Cotabato, Cn. 1887, 7,783. Mindanao. TICAO, ISLAND OF, MASBATE GROUP, VISAYAS. (Tee-cow', ver.) (One of the constituent islands of the province of Masbate.) Chief town: San Jacinto, lat. 12° 35' N., lon. 123° 43' E. Area: Mainland, 140 sq. m.; dependent islands, 9 sq. m.; total, 149 sq. m. Population: 5,500. Race: Vícol chiefly, also Tagalog and Visayan. Language: Vícol, Tagalog, and Visayan. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 889 Table of distances. From San Jacinto to- Masbate, air, SW.. Masbate, sea ..... Matnog, Sorsogón, Luzón (San Bernardino Strait) .... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. A long and narrow strip of land in mid-channel, between San Bernardino Strait and the passage opening between Burias and Masbate Is. to the W. into the Visayan Sea. The coast of Sorsogon, Luzón, lies 13 m. to the N. and 10 m. to the E., and Masbate 7 to 11 m. to the S. and W. The island divides the Ticao channel into 2 passages, the W. being the one most frequented by vessels. AREA. It is 28 m. NW. to SE. and 8 m. E. and W. at its N. end, narrowing toward extreme S. point, San Rafael, from which a chain of islets and rocks extends toward Pt. Vigía, in Masbate. Area, mainland, 140 sq. m.; 8 dependent islands, 9 sq. m.; total, 149 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The topography is somewhat rugged. Its peaks serve as valuable guides to navi- gators in the comparatively narrow channel on the W. entrance to San Bernardino Strait. In the NW., covering NW. point, is a commanding summit of 1,525 ft., the point itself being 723 ft. high. To the S., overlooking Lili Pt., is a peak, 1,217 ft., and near by to the SE. another, 1,146 ft. Thence the land drops to 770 and 886 ft. until it takes the level off the low coast in the extreme S. 25 fms. with the able to reach and open to the ind it; Ticao BAYS AND HARBORS. The E. coast of Ticao presents many little bays in which anchorages can be had. The W. coast is steep and rugged and has no good anchorage. A depth of 52 to 7 fms. is found along the entire coast. A bay on the NW. coast named San Miguel, 1 m. wide at the entrance, is sheltered by an island of that cluster. It has 50 fms. at the entrance and 45 to 25 fms. within. The shores are steep and afford convenient anchorage in bad weather to vessels unable to reach San Jacinto or Masbate. On the E. coast are the bays of Taguan, San Jacinto, small and open to the E., and recog- nized by a fort with bastions on the S. point with conical hills behind it; Ticao, Batoan, and Biton. On the W. coast are several exposed bays with depths from 44 to 55 fms. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The means of travel and transportation on land is by trails and horse paths, and on sea by native coastwise craft. POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population of Masbate is 23,069; Cn. 1887, 21,476. The proportion in Ticao is not given, but is approximately 5,500. (See Masbate.) Several small towns lie along the coast. The inhabitants are largely Vícols (Bícols) and speak that lan- guage; but Tagálog and Visayan are also common. The following are the towns: Formosa; on the NE. coast. Linonsudan; on the E. coast. San Fernando; on the E. coast. Pop., Cn. 1887, 2,620. San Jacinto; at the head of a small bay of the same name, on the E. coast, is the principal town. Pop., Cn. 1887, 2,469. Besides these are several villages along the coast. There are no towns on the W. or Masbate side of the island. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. Off the coast are a number of small islands, as follows: Buju, w Matabao, E...... Solitario, E. San Miguel, a cluster of 5 islands offlying the NW. coast, aggregating Tatus, SW... 3 islets front the open bay on the E. coast S. of Tinamandagan ....... 89. 8 dependent islands; total. NB 890 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. Small quantities of hemp, rice, sugar cane, cotton, and chocolate are raised for home use. MINERALS. Gold is gathered in the sands of the rivers by the natives. FORESTS. The forests are unimportant. The country inland is a cogonal covered with a dense mass of tall grass. During the hunting season of the natives, which is in February, they burn the cogonal over, which drives the deer from the swamps. While taking refuge in the open they are run down with horses. The cogon is full of concealed ditches caused by the rooting of wild hogs and rains. INDUSTRIES. The nacives are chiefly employed in pasturing horses and cattle, fishing, hunting, and weaving. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. On February 15, 1902, Ticao had no United States military garrisons. (See Masbate.) CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Civil government is conducted from Masbate, the capital of the province. TICAO (tee-cow'); chief town on island of that TICTIC; portion of N. shore of port of Mariveles, name, on E. coast, 17 m. in direct line NE. of Bataan, Luzón. Masbate I., Visayas. TICTIRAN (tick-teel-rahn), nat.; island situated - passage between island of Ticao and Mas almost E. of S. point of Zamboanga, extends bate grp., Visayas, Sorsogón, Luzón. from ENE. to WSW. distance of 2 m. Is low, TICAUAN (tee-cow'-ahn). ver.: hamlet on NE. covered with vegetation, and bordered on shore of Sibuguey Bay in Zamboanga, Min- SW., S., and E. by coral reefs. danao, 731 m. NE. of Zamboanga. TICUL (tee-cool'), nat.; small island m. long, TICLÍN (tea-clean'), nat.; northernmost of 3 0.8 m. E. of Ubián I., with deep channel be- Ticlín Is., off SE. coast of Sorsogón, Luzon. tween them, in Pangutárang grp., Sulu A. Paths through island converging at well near - stream entering sea on E. coast of Mindoro, its center. Water is brackish, yet natives of 2. m. S. of Bongabon and 5 m. NE. by N. of Ubián and other near-by islands resort thither Ticlín Pt. for water. - pueblo at mouth of stream of same name TIDE POLE, for.; point on S. extremity of Rita on E. coast of Mindoro. Pop., 384. I., Ulugan Bay, SW. coast Paragua, Palawan. - strait between SE. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón, - island 205 ft. high, immediately inshore and off shore islands of Calinton, Juac, and of Palm I., with rock on its NW. side N. of Ticlin. W. shore of strait between Culasi and Treacherous Bay, SW. coast of S. Palawan. Pandán Pts. is broken coral covered with - point on E. shore of Puerto Princesa Har- mangroves. bor (Port Royalist), E. coast of Palawan. - point 19 m. SW. by S. of Ocre Pt. on W. shore Observation spot located on this point, also of Tañón Strait, Negros Oriental. light, visible 21 m., in lat. 9° 43' 43" N., lon. TICLÍN, or ALAYA, or LAGAÓIN (tea-clean', ah 118° 42' 55'' E. lah'-yah, lah-gah-oh'-een), nat.; point on E. TIENGOTAC (tyayn-goh-tahk'), ver.; one of islets coast of Mindoro, 71 m. SSW. of Bongabón of Basilan grp., off SW. Zamboanga Pen., and 4. m. SW. of Dayagán Pt. Mindanao, lat. 6° 37' N. TICLINES (tea-clee-ness), Hisp.; group of islands TIERRA ALTA (tyay'-rrah ahl'-tah), Sp.; high in San Bernardino Strait, comprising Calin- country about 3 m. S. of Cavite, in Cavite, ton, southernmost, 1 m. in length NE. and Luzon. Many fine villas and favorite resort SW., m. SE. of Culasi Pt. in Sorsogon, Luzón; for foreigners enervated by climatic effects. Juac, 2, m. long, N. and S. and NE. of Calin- ton, separated by narrow channel. Both are TIGABAAN (tee-gah-bah'-ahn), Tag.; hamlet in rugged and covered with ebony trees. Ticlín, Bulacán, Luzón, 113 m. N. of Bulacan. m. long, main island, liesm. SE. of Pandán TIGALAN (tee-gah'-lahn), ver.; river in Min- Pt. on E coast of Sorsogon, Luzon. Many danao. vessels in straits resort for anchorage 2 m. SW. of this island. TIGANCAT(tee-gahn-caht'),ver.; mountain in An- - strait between islands of Calinton, Juac, tique, Panay, between Sibalom and Mananila • Rivs., 10 m. NE. of San Remigio. and Ticlín, SE. of Sorsogon, Luzón. TICTAUAN (tick-tah'-wahn). ver.. channel at E. 1 TIGAO (tee-gah'-oh), ver.; pueblo on E. coast of entrance to strait of Basilan, between Zam- Surigao, Mindanao, SSW. of Cáuit Pt., 65 m. boanga, Mindanao, and Sulu A. on S. SE. of Surigao. Pop., 1,909. TICTIC (teek-teek'), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of TIGAON (tee-gah'-ohn), ver.; pueblo in E. Ambos Mariveles, Bataan, Luzon, on N. shore of port Camarines (Sur), Luzon, 21 m. E. of Nueva of Mariveles. Cáceres. Pop., 4.100. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 891 TIGAPON (tee-gah'-pohn), ver.; river in Leyte. TIGÁS (tee-gass'), nat.; mountain in W. range of Antique, Panay, near Cápiz boundary, 17 m. W. of Tibiao. TIGASAO (tee-gah-sah-oh), nat.; point forming inner E. head to Balete port, SE. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. TIGBALOGO (teeg-bah-loh'-goh), ver.; hamlet in Antique, Panay, 4, m. SW. of Valderrama. TIGBAO (teeg-bah'-oh), nat.; hamlet in S. Bohol, Visayas, 2. m. S. of Sevilla. - river on S. shore of Masbate I., Visayas, emptying into gulf of Asid. TIGBAON (teeg-bah'-awn), ver.; cluster of 4 islets and several rocks off E. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 31 m. E. of Vitali Pt., on 1. side of opening of Sibuguey Bay. - 3 islands off Banga port, W. shore of Sibu- guey Bay, S. coast of Zamboanga, Minadanao. TIGBAUAN (teeg-bah'-wahn), nat.; hamlet on shore of large bight on E. coast of Panaón I., 4 m. N. of San Ricardo, extreme SE. coast of Leyte. - hamlet in Table Mt., S. Leyte, 3 m. NW. of Malitbog. - pueblo on S. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 14 m. W. of Iloilo. Pop., 9,109. -- mountain in N. Leyte at headwaters of river entering bay on N. coast at Leyte. - mountain in Sw. Leyte, 7 m. NW. of Ma- litbog TIGBAUAN-DIOT (teeg-bah'-wahn-dee-oht'), nat.; mountain in S. Leyte. TIGBAY (teeg-by'), nat.; hamlet on NE. shore of Sindangan Bay, NW. coast of Misamis, Min- danao. TIGBÁYAT (teeg-bah'-yaht), ver.; mountain in Panay. TIGDAO (teeg-dah'-oh), ver.; river falling into sea on E. coast of Negros Occidental, at Lemery, 3 m. NE. of Calatrava. TIGDÓS (teeg-dose'), ver.; island in opening to Bislig Bay on E. coast of Mindanao. TIGIRAN. or TAROJAN (tee-hee'-rahn, tah-roh- hahn), ver.; point on extreme SW. shore of Sorsogon, Luzón. Coast here trends E. for 6 m., forming succession of shallow bays of great depth, and receiving water of small rivers. TIGLÁS (tee-glahs'), nat.; hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. WNW. of Passi. TIGLAUA (tee-glah'-wah), nat.; hamlet in central range, Iloilo, Panay, 7 m. E. of San Joaquín. TIGMAMALI (teeg-mah-mah'-lee), nat.; hamlet near 1. bank of Cadián Riv., Antique, Panay, 2 m. W. of Valderrama. TIGMAMAUA (teeg-mah-mah-wah), nat.; town in Surigao, Mindanao. TIGMANICA (teeg-mah-neel-cah), nat.; river emp- tying on extreme W. shore of Panguil Bay, SW. end of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. TIGNA (teeg'-nah), ver.; river in Mindanao. TIGNABÓN (teeg-nah-bohn'), ver.; hamlet on ex- treme sw. shore of SE. Sámar, 8 m. SE. of Guiuan. TIGON (tee-gohn'), nat.; river in Iloilo, Panay, which rises in central range, flows E. to point 3 m. SE. of Santa Bárbara, where it turns S. and empties into Iloilo Strait, 11 m. N. of Iloilo. TIGPACA (teeg-pah-cah), pat: mountain in ca- piz, Panay, near S. shore of Maindan Riv., 11} m. TIGPULÚAN (teeg-poo-loo'-ahn), ver.; branch of S. tributary of Sibalón entering at town of that name (Sibalom) and rising in W. range on slopes of peak of Mayón, Antique, Panay. TIGUES (tee-gays'), nat.: hamlet on SE, shore of bay on N. coast of Cápiz, Panay, 14 m. N. of Ivísan. TIGUÍAN (tee-geel-ahn), nat.; hamlet in pue- blo of Catubig, Sámar. TIGUIJAN (tee-gee'-hahn), ver.; point in Mas- bate I., Visayas. TIGUILABÚN (tee-gee-lah-boon'), ver., extension of Pilas I., Basilan grp., ofr SW. Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. TIGUIS (tee'-gees), ver.; point in Sámar. TIGUMA (tee-goo'-mah), ver.; point on NW. shore Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao, N. of Dapu- lisan Pt. From Tiguma Pt. to Polloc Harbor are many little bays affording anchorages generally near shore. Native inhabitants on this part of coast are hostile to strangers. - village at mouth of Tabagang Riv., on NW. shore of Pagarían Bay, W. side Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. Anchorage has 21 to 26 fms. TIGUNGUN, or LOWER CALÚPAG (tee-goong'- oon, cah-loo'-pahg), nat.: island 3 m. N. and S. and 14 m. E. and W., forming E. shore of Tambiluanya channel. In N. are 2 peaks, 397 and 292 it. high, in SE. landmark for Calai. tan channel, 423 ft. high, off NE. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. TIGUTAO (tee-goo-tah'-oh), ver.; river in Albay, Luzón, emptying into Gulf of Albay, lat. 130 4' 20" N. TIJI - TIJI (tee - hee-tee - hee), ver.; cluster of islets between Bilatan on NE. and Simonog I. on SW., in Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. TIKALÂ (tee-cah-lah'). ver.; cluster of islands off W. shore of Illana Bay, S. of Dapulisan Pt., Cotabato, Mindanao. Sagarayan is one of cluster. TIKLE (teel-clay), nat.; summit 305 ft., SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. TIKTAUAN, or TICTAVUN (tick-tahl-wahn, tick- tah'-voon), ver.; long, low, narrow, wooded island 31 by 1 m. in extent, 1} m. off extreme SE. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. Is central of 3 island headlands on N. side of Basilan Strait, connecting Celebes Sea on E. and Sulu Sea on W., 8 m. E. by S. of Zam- boanga, and is mark for edge of bank im- mediately in front of town and separated from coast by channel, m. wide. TIKUAUAN (tee-kwah-wahn),ver.: point between 2 small bays on NE. shore of Sibuguey Bay, S. shore of Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. TILA, CORDILLERA DEL (cor-dee-lyay'-rah dayl tee'-lah), Sp.; outlying range in $. Lepanto, Luzon, W. of main Grand Cordillera Central. On E. slope rise tributaries of Abra, on its W. fountain streams of river entering China Sea at Tagudín, while drainage of its s. slopes reaches sea through Bauang Riy. TILAG (tee-lahg'), ver.; island off S. coast of Min- doro, lat. 120 12' 20" N. TILAGAG (tee-lah-gahg'), nat.; river in pueblo of Rosario, Batangas, Luzon. TILAPASBUL (tee-lah-pahs-bull'), ver.; peak in Tarlac, central Luzon. TILAT (tee-laht'), nat.; town on Guimaras I., off Iloilo, Iloilo, Panay. (See Buenavista.) TILBAC (teel-bahk'), Tag.; hamlet on 1. bank of Agno Riv.at crossing of main road to Tárlae, in Tarlac, Luzón. TILDÁ (teel-dah'), ver.; pass in mountains of Le- panto, Lepanto-Bontoc, Luzon. TILIG (tee-leeg'), Tag., port of Lubang I., on NE. coast, only safe anchorage for vessels in all seasons. Entrance deep. San Vicente bastion on W. point of entrance is square tower of rough stone with parapet. Cattle, pigs, and poultry can be had at fair prices and fair sup- ply of water. TILÍN (tee-leen'), nat.; stream in Negros Occi- dental on s. coast of Guimarás Bay, 1 m. W. of Guilhnngan. 892 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. coast. TIMACO (tee-mah'-coh), nat.; island wooded to TINACA, or SARANGANI-Continued. water's edge, situated between 2 mouths of 4° 45' N., passes 58 m. S. of this) it. Ariaga Mindanao Riv., Cotabato, Mindanao. Hill (de la Silla), N. of Carkaralang 1., is 14 m. E. upon it known as Mt. Timaco is conspicuous of this point of intersection. mark for navigation of river. TINACLIPAN (tee-nah-clee'-pahn), ver.; river in - wooded hill on delta of Mindanao Riv., 4. Masbate, Visayas, emptying into sea on S. m. of Cotabato, capital of province Mindanao and also landmark of approach from S. to TINACOS (tee-nah'-cohs), nat.; islet off NE. end Polloc Harbor. of Bagalao I., at N. entrance to Boca Chica TIMACOLO (tee-mah-coh'-loh), ver.; point in S. channel to outer entrance to Sorsogon port, Albay, Luzon. Sorsogon, Luzón. TIMALAN (tee-mah'-lahn), ver.; hamlet in Cavite, TINADIPAN (tee-nah-deel-pahn), ver.; hamlet at Luzón, on bay road, 13 m. SW. of Cavite. mouth of river entering head of gulf of Asid TIMAMANA (tee-mah-mah'-nah), ver.; pueblo in at Bató Pt., S. shore of Masbate I., Visayas. Surigao, Mindanao. TINAGA (tee-nah-gah'), nat.; central and largest, TIMANGTANG (tee-mahng-tahng'), ver.; moun- 4 by 2, m., of Calaguas Is., off N. coast of Am tain in pueblo of Bangui, Ilocos Norte, Luzón, bos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. NE. of town, TINAGAN (tee-nah'-gahn), nat.; extreme NW. TIMBAÚLAN (teem-bah-o'-lahn), ver.; hamlet on point of Buad I., 6 m. SW. of Catbalogan, E. shore of Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, 445 Sámar m. SSE. of Dávao. TINAGBOG (tee-nahg-bohg'), ver.; river in Panay. TIMBUNGAN (teem-boong'-ahn), ver.; low, wood TINAGBUD (tee-nahg-bood'), nat.; river in Ambos ed island lying close to Salipin I., off extreme Camarines (Sur), Luzón, entering Ragay S. point of Basilan I., off SW. Zamboanga Gulf midway between Calvaney and Tanuan Pen., Luzón. Pts. TIMONIM (tee-moh-neem'), ver.; river in Sámar. TINAGÔ (tee-nah-goh'), ver.; river in Catan- TIMORÁGAT (tee - moh - rah'- gaht), ver.; river duanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzón, flows NE, rising on E. slopes of Sierra Madre and flow and empties into sea. ing into bay of San Miguel, Ambos Cama - hamlet on NW. shore of Leyte. rines (Sur), Luzón. TINAGOAN (tee-nah-goh'-ahn), nat.; point in TIMPASAN (teem-pah-sahn), ver.; island of Cana Buad I., Off W. coast of Sámar. hauan grp., 489 ft. high, loftiest 8 m. SW. of | TINAGONGDÁGAT (tee - nah - gohng - dah'-gaht), Tarangnan, on W. coast of Sámar. nat.; island in bay of Pilar, Cápiz, Panay. TIMTIÓN (teem-tee-ohn'), ver.; hamlet on shore TINAGTADAN (tee-nahg-tah'-dahn), ver.; point Green Island Bay, on NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan, S. of inshore Verde Is., N. and s. on E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, N. of Bay Pt., Cook channel. N. of Bolo Pt., 4 m. N. of boundary in S. Pa- lawan. TINAGU (tee-nah'-goo), ver.; river in Cagayan, TIMURAGUT (tee-moo-rah-goot'), ver.; river in Luzón; rises at foot of mountains which Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, flows NW. form Engaño C., flows NE., and empties into sea. and empties into bay of San Miguel. - port on NE. coast of Cagayán, Luzón. TIMUTO (tee-moo'-toh), ver.; anchorage in S. River of same name empties from S. Mindanao. - one of Calaguas Is., off NE. coast of Ambos TIMUYÁN (tee-moo-yahn'), ver.; mountain in Buad I., off W. coast of Sámar. Camarines (Norte), Luzón. TINÂ (tee-nah'), nat.: hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, TINAGUITAN (tee-nah-gee'-tahn), ver.; open bay, near W. boundary, 7 m. W. of Lemery, in Con- with good anchorage during NE. monsoon, between Borobodiangan and Lipata Pts., on cepción, Iloilo, Panay. NW. coast of Sámar. TÍNAAN (teel-nah-ahn), nat.; anchorage and TINAGUTMÁN (tee-nah-goot-mahn'), ver.; an- hamlet 1. m. SW. of Naga. Port of shipment chorage, point, and bay in N. Sámar. of coal from mines of Uling and Alpako, Cebú. TINAJEROS (tee-nah-hay'-rohs), Sp.; hamlet in - point on E. coast of Cebú, 1 m. S. of Naga. pueblo of Caloocan, Rizal, Luzón. hamlet in Manila, Luzón, on r. bank of TINABAGSÁN (tee-nah-bag-sahn'), Tag.; point on outlet into Manila Bay, 6 m. N. of Manila S. coast of Tayabas, Luzon. and on boundary with Bulacán. TINABAUAN (tee-nah-bah-wahn), nat.; hamlet TINAJUAGAN (tee-nah-hwah'-gahn), ver.; point in SW. Sámar, 3 m, NNE. of Basey. on N. coast of Ambos Camarines, Luzón. TINABILAN, or PANABILAN (tah-nah-beel-lahn, TINAKTÁ (tee-nahk-tah'), ver.; wooded island 1 pah-nah-bee'-lahn), ver.; hamlet on W. coast m. SW. of Basuns, off N. coast of Tawi Tawi I., . of Leyte, 4 m. N. of Palompón. Sulu A. TINABÓN (tee-nah-bohn'), nat.; hamlet in Pam- TINALAY (tee-nah-lie'), yer.; river in Cavite, panga, Luzón, 16 m. N. of Bacolor. Luzón, rising in Cordilleras which divide that TINABTABAN (tee-nahb-tah-bahn), nat.; small province from Batangas; flows N., receiving stream on E. coast of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, number of affluents, and empties on NW.shore Panay, with Cabano at its mouth. of province into bay of Manila. TINABUSAN (tee-nah-boo-sahn), ver.; mountain TINALISAYAN (tee-nah-lee-sah'-yahn), nat.; is- hamlet in Antique, Panay, 12 m. NE. of lets NW. of Busín I., off N. point of Burias I. Tibiao. Masbate grp., Visayas, and united by reef with Tanquiqui I. TINACA (tee-nah'-cah), nat.; 2 points connected by semicircular beach, extreme s. shore of TINALMUT (tee-nahl-moot'), nat.; point on SW. Dávao, Mindanao, having appearance of vol coast of Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon. canic crater at angle of 450, half above and half below water. Toward Sumbán Pt. coast TINAMANDACAN (tee-nah-mahn-dah'-cahn), nat.; is irregular. point in NE. Burias I., Masbate grp., Visayas. INACA, or SARANGANI (tee-nah'-cah, sah-rahn- TINAMBAC (tee-nahm-bahk'). nat.: pueblo on gah'-nee), nat.; extreme S. point hill united San Miguel Bay shore of Ambos Camarines to coast by low land on mainland of Davao, (Sur), Luzón, i3 m. NE. of Nueva Cáceres. Mindanao, and N. headland of W. entrance Pop., 2,497. to Sarangani Strait. Extreme S. boundary of -- hamlet in Ambos Camarines, Luzón, on United States possessions in Philippines, lat. river emptying into San Miguel Bay. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 893 EAST COAST OF SEBÚ ISLAND TINAÁN ANCHORAGE From a Spanish survey in 1864 Outer end of wharf, Lat.10*1'01'n..Long 123°44'25°E SOUNDINGS IN FATHOMS Na ST 12. Pandan R Staka W 64 74. By 4111 1116 2 64 12 12 12 12 7 23 Stake 1952 74 Hautical mile 894 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Panay. TINAMBACÁN (tee-nahm-bah-cahn'), nat.; ham- TINGUIANAN (teen-geeah-nahn), ver.; small let on SW. shore of Sámar. stream entering sea at Tayasan, E. coast TINAMMÁN (tee-nahm-mahn'), nat.; river in Am Negros Oriental. bos Camarines Sur), Luzón, rising in Isarog TINGUT (teen-goot'), ver.; point at NW. extreme Mt. and emptying N. into San Miguel Bay. of Daram I., off W. coast Sámar, and E. land- TINANG (tee-nahng'), nat.; island off SE. shore mark cf entrance to Daram channel. Alad I., Romblon grp., Visayas. TINIBONAN (tee-nee-boh'-nahn), nat.; point on TINANOCAN (tee-nah-noh'-cahn), ver.; hamlet extreme NE. shore of Calagnán I., off NE. in N. Sámar, 9 m. inland from Laguán and 4 coast of Iloilo, Panay. m. N. of Catubig. TINIGUIBAN (tee-nee-geel-bahn), ver.; hamlet TINAOGAN (tee-nah-oh'-gahn), nat.; hamlet of on NW. shore of Daracotan Bay, extreme NE. Negros Oriental, 6 m. S. of Ayungon, E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, 37 m. N. of Tay- coast. tay. TINAON (tee-nah-ohn'), nat.; town in E. Cebú. - group of 4 isiets along S. shore of Igam Bay, W. coast of Guimarás I., off Iloilo, TINÁPAY (tee-nah'-pie) (means bread in both Tagalog and Visayan languages), nat.; ham- let in Cápiz, Panay, near W. boundary, 14 m. TINIPTIBÁN (tee-neep-tee-bahn'), nat.; moun- WSW. of Madalag. tain on r. bank of Grande Riv. of Mindanao, W. by N. of Masakit bend, Lanao, Mindanao. TINAPÍAN (tee-nah-pee'-ahn), ver.; point on N. coast of Masbate I., Visayas. TINITÍAN (tea-nee-tee'-ahn), nat.; point in Pala- wan I. TINÁYOG (tee-nah'-yohg), nat.; hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, 9 m. W. by S. of Janiuay. TINJAUN (teen-hah'-oon), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, TINAYUNGA (tea-nah-yoong'-ah),ver.; mountain Panay, 2 m. NE. by N. of Mina. in Panay. TINOAGAN (tee-noh-ah'-gahn), ver.; branch of Binalbagan Riv., Negros Occidental. TINCALAN (teen-cah-lahn), nat.; island 8 ft. high, N. of Tara, off N. coast of Siasi I., Tapul TINOATIPAN (tee-noh-ah-tee'-pahn), ver.; town grp., Sulu A. in Masbate I., Masbate grp., Visayas. TINCASAN (teen-cah-sahn), nat.; islet off NW. TINOC (tee-nohk'), nat.; river in N. Luzón. point of Biliran I., off NW. coast Leyte, 16 m. TINTIGAN (teen-tee'-gahn), nat.; summit, 686 ft., NW. of Biliran. SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zam- - point in island of Biliran, Leyte. bales, Luzón. - island off w. shore of Biliran I., NW. of TINTIMAN (teen-teel-mahn), nat.; islet 2 m. off Leyte. E. central coast of Bohol, Visayas. TINDANGALAN (teen-dahng-ah-lahn), nat.; ham --- small bay in Bohol, Visayas. let at outlet of Lake Lanao, r. bank, on TINUAGAN (tee-nwah'-gahn), ver.; tributary of extreme N. shore of that lake, Misamis, Min- ſlog Riv. (q.v.), Negros Occidental. danao. TINÚAN (tee-noo'-ahn), ver.; river in Infanta, TINDLIGMAN (teen-dlig-mahn'), nat.; river emp- Luzón, entering sea 21 m. S. of Lampón port, tying on SE. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of S. head. Zambales, Luzón. TINDUG (teen-doog'), nat.; point and hamlet on TINUIBO (tee-nwee'-boh), ver.; islet lying E., 2, m. from Lapinín Grande I., NE. of Bohol, NE. coast of Cebú, 7 m. N. of BogÔ. Remains Visayas. of Spanish battery are on shore halfway be- tween this and Malontod Pts. TINUNCUL (tee-noon-cool'), nat., hamlet in great bend of Pulangui Riv., near N. shore of Li- TINEE (tee-nay'-ay), ver.; hamlet in Benguet, guasan Lake, Cotabato, Mindanao. Luzón, 16 m. NE. of Trinidad. Pop., 229. TINEG (tee-nayg'), nat.: tributary of Abra Riv. in TINUNKUT, or TINUNKUL (tee-noon-koot, tee- noon-cool'), nat.; group of hills, ranging NW. Abra, Luzón, one branch rising in W. slopes of Liguasan Lagoon, toward Cotabato, in of Gran Cordillera Central, other in E. slopes which Spanish garrison of Mindanao estab- of SW. spur of same range, thus draining en- lished military posts for control of country tire region enforced in rugged elevations of along Grande Riv. of Mindanao; Kabalocan 2 ranges named, which meet in Burney Mt. and fall toward SW., finding outlet in Abra hills extend to SE. toward Liguasan Lagoon. Riv. TINUSUAN (tee-noo-soo'-ahn), nat.; hamlet in TINES (tee'-nays), ver.; hamlet in Iloilo, Panay, Iloilo, Panay, 1. m. SW. by S. of Dueñas. 2 m. WNW. of Passi. TIOLAS (tyoh'-lahs), ver.; hamlet on SE. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 7 m. SW. of San Joaquín. TINGA (teen'-gah), yer.; river in Batangas, Lu- zón, flowing SSE, and emptying into Calum - river in Panay. pan Riv. TIPACOL (tee-pah-cohl'), ver.; mountain WSW.of TINGAO (teeng-ah'-oh), nat.; point and creek Camárag, Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón. on SE, shore entering Putiao port, SW. coast TIPAGA (tee-pah'-gah), ver.; stream rising along of Sorsogón, Luzón. S. slope of Macahilag Mt., in SW. Leyte, and TINGARAC (teeng-ah-rahk'), ver.; town on W. entering sea 6 m. SE. of Albuera. coast of Tablas I., Romblon grp., Visayas, S. TIPÁN (tee-pahn'), ver.; hamlet of Negros Orien- of Cabacongan Pt. tal, in central range, 15 m. NW. of Manjúyod, TINGBABANG (teeng-bah-bahng'), ver.; river in E. coast. Panay. TIPÁS (tee-pahs'), ver.; inlet of Laguna de Bay, Laguna, Luzón, formed by one of lakes which TINGIB (teeng-eeb'), nat.; point in SW. Sámar, on surround source of Pasig Riv. to NE. N. shore of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay and midway between Basey and Binalac, N. point TIPASI, or ANG (tee-pah'-see, ahng), ver.; moun- of entrance to San Juanico Strait. tain in central range, Negros Oriental, 12 m. W. of Manjúyod. - village on SW. coast of Samar, m. NNE. TIPOLÔ (tee-poh-loh'). ver.. river. tributary of of Catinic Pt. Donsol Riv., from N. Sorsogón, Luzón. TINGIP (teeng-eep'), ver.; hamlet on S. coast of | TIQUIAS (tee'-kyahs), ver.: point in Sámar. Antique, Panay, 7 m. W. of Pandán. TIQUI- HERE (tee-key-may-ray), ver.: hamlet TINGLO (teen'-gloh), ver.; river of Misamis, SW. of Llanura de Imuc, on road between Mindanao, emptying into sea on N. coast. Caláuang and San Pablo, Laguna, Luzón. covered with loose rapilli from volcanic TINGLOY (teeng-loy'), Tag.; bay in Maricabán action. On N. half cocoanut palm grove; S. I., S. of Batangas, Luzón, is covered with water. (Sec Llanura de Imuc.) GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 895 TOGUITI (toh-geel-tee) ver.; small river in S. Sámar, emptying into bay 4 m. NW. of Ba- langiga. TOKA (toh'-cah), ver.; hamlet on E. shore of Lake Lanao, Misamis, Mindanao. TOLAN (toh'-lahn), ver.: low wooded point on TIRADIANGAN (tee-rah-dee-ahng'-ahn), ver.; river entering sea 2 m. N. of Mayllague Pt., E. coast of Mindoro. TIRURAY (tea-roo-rye'), ver.; mountain in S. Mindanao. TITUNOD (tee-too-nohd). nat.; river emptying on E. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Min- danao. TIUÍ, or TIVI (tee-we', teel-vee), nat; hot springs of iron and sulphur waters, all of excellent medicinal properties, in pueblo of same name, in NE. Albay, Luzón. Famous Holy Water of Tiui and Sibulara, Bulacan, Luzón. Are visited every year in large numbers by islanders seeking relief from their sufferings. Jägor, referring to these springs and particu- larly Igabo and stalactite springs of Nagle- beng, says: "Similar examples occur in Ice- land and in New Zealand, but products of springs of Tibi are more varied, finer, and more beautiful than those of Iceland geysers. The wonderful conformation of red cones is astonishing and hardly to be paralleled in any other quarter of the globe. Similar formations of extraordinary beauty and ex- tent exist in great siliceous beds of Steamboat Springs in Nevada." - town on NW. coast of Albay, Luzon, SW. shore Lagonoy Gulf, 51 m. NE. of volcano of Malinao or Buhi and 22 m. due N. of Albay. Numerous thermal springs, especially famous Holy Water of Tivi, exist in vicinity. Pop., Cn. 1887, 10,163. TIVALBAL (teel-vahl-bahl'), ver.; hamlet in Ben- guet, Luzón, 7 m. NW. of Trinidad. Pop., 376. TIVI (tee-vee), ver.; pueblo in extreme NE. of Albay, Luzón, on SW. shore of Logonoy Gulf, 23 m. N. by W. of Albay and 5 m. NE. of Buhi or Malinao Mt. In vicinity are remark- able thermal springs, most interesting Igabo and stalactite springs of Naglebeng. Pop., 10,447. TOBABA (toh-bah'-bah), ver.; island off S. coast of Sámar. TOBIÁN (toh-byahn'), ver.; point in W. Albay, Luzón. TOBLE (toh -blay), ver.; mountain in SW. Leyte, 3 m. NW. of Malitbog. TOBOG (toh-bohg'), Tag.; hamlet on Quingua, Bulacan, Luzón, from which point country becomes hilly. Hills are cut into terraces (saws) as in Japan and used for cultivation of rice. TOBOL (toh-bohl'), nat.; cove on SE. shore of Panguil Bay, SW. end of Misamis port, Misa- mis, Mindanao, sw. of Guidadalao Pt. TOBOSO (toh-boh'-soh), Sp.; river and hamlet In Negros Occidental, 94 m. s. of Escalante. TOCA (toh'-cah). Sp.: hamlet on E. shore of Lake Tapao at outlet into Lanao Lake, Misamis, Mindanao. TOCANHI (toh-cahn-hee'), nat.; point W. head to Dos Amigas port, N. coast of Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. TOCHEN, or FOCHEN (toh'-chayn, foh'-chayn), nat.; village and stream entering on SE. shore of Sorsogon port, Sorsogon, Luzon, W. of Jubán. m. N. of town of Siasi. TOLEDO (toh-lay-doh), Sp.; pueblo of Cebú I., W. coast, 39 m. from CebúPop., 10.922. In 1899 visited by United States Commissioners to examine. free-flowing petroleum well. Also natural gas. TOLEN (toh -layn), nat.; point on NW. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. TOLÓN (toh-lohn'), Sp.; pueblo and river of Ne- gros Oriental, on E. shore of Tolón Bay, SW. coast, 27, m. W. of Damaguete. During NE. monsoons vessels can anchore off town, but boats can enter river only at high water. Pop., 1,514. - river in Unión, Luzon, rising at foot of Lu- bang Mt., flows S. enters Pangasinan, changes its course to W., passing N. of Santa Bárbara and N. and w. of Calasio, and empties into gulf of Lingayen. - large bay in Negros Oriental, on Sw.shore of Negros I., between Cánsilán, NW., and Cauitan, SE., 12 m. Towns of Tolón and Ba- yanan lie on its shores. TOLOSA (toh-loh -sah), Sp.; pueblo on bay S. of Camiris Pt., E. coast of Leyte, 11 m. S. of Ta- cloban. Pop., 5,587. - pueblo on E. shore of Butúan Bay, between 2 rivers; N. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. TOMAAN (toh-mah-ahn), nat.; creek emptying on SE. shore of Panguil Bay, SW. end of Mi- samis port, Misamis, Mindanao. TOMAGUIN (toh-mah'-geen), ver.; islet off NW. shore of Sicogon I., off NE. coast of Iloilo, Panay. TOMASA (toh-mah'-sah), Sp.; islet off NW. coast of Biliran I., off NW. coast of Leyte. TOMATAYTAY (toh-mah-tie-tie'), ver.; hamlet on N. side of entrance to Port Sorsogon, in Albay, Luzon. TOMBOL (tohm-ball'). Tag.; extinct volcano of considerable elevation in pueblo of Rosario. composed of andesite, in lat. 30° 49' N., lon. 121° 10' E., in Maquíling range, in S. part of Batangas, Luzón. TOMONTÓN (toh-mohn-tohn'); extreme NW. point of Negros Occidental, an extensive rounded sandy cape, on which is vantay, 15 m. WSW. of N. point of island between Ma- napla and Sicaba. TONBULINGIS (tohn-boo-ling'-is), nat.; point on E. side of island of Cagayan Sulu, on line with center of summit, 926 ft. high, on which - village on S. shore of Lapun Lapun anchor- age, NE. of Minus, Cagayan de Sulu. TONCOA (tohn-coh'-ah), ver.; mountain in La- guna, Luzón, in Cordilleras which penetrate Laguna de Bay to S. and form peninsula, terminating in Jala Pt.; boundary between Laguna and Rizal, which terminates at this point, follows Toncoa range. Panay. municipality; comprises 18 wards. Mostly in- habited by laboring classes and fishermen; TOGAL (toh-gahl'), nat.: islet off NW. shore of houses, with exception of those on S. side of Taruc I., NE. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. Paseo de Azcárraga (Azcárraga Promenade). TOGAS (toh'-gahs), nat.; fountain tributary of are mostly made of cane and nipa and some- Ulut Riy. in S. central Sámar. times of wood; church and cemetery and matadero (slaughterhouse) of Manila are on - hamlet in SW. Sámar, 8 m. E. of Basey, S. side of Paseo de Azeárraga, near bay. (See TOGMONG (tog-mohng), ver.; hamlet in Unión, Manila City.) Luzón; lat. 16° 25/ 20" N. TONEJATAN (toh-nay-hah'-tahn), ver.; point on extreme N. shore of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. TOGONITO (toh-goh-neel-toh), ver.; point and hamlet on N. coast of Samar, 7 m. SW. of Bu | TONEQUET (toh-nay-kayt'), ver.; E. point of cas I. Toncil L., Balanguingui grp., Sulu A, 896 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TONGA (tohn'-gah), Sp.; point on NW. end of ex- | TORRIJOS-Continued. treme W. coast of Siquijor I., SW. Bohol, 4; galena. Metric ton of 1,000 kilos reported to m. W. of Siquijor town. contain 96 grams silver, 6 grams gold, and TONGAN (tohng'-ahn), ver.; mountain in Sámar. 565.5 kilos lead. TONGLÓN (tohn-glohn'). ver.: mountain in TORRIJOS; town of Mindoro, situated 44 m. from Unión, Luzón, lat. 16° 20' 55' N. Calapán. Pop., 3,119. - - mountain in W. Benguet, Luzón. TORTOSA (tohr-toh'-sah), Sp.; town on inlet on S. TONGÓ (tohng-oh'), nat.; point on N. side of en- shore of Butúan Bay, N. coast of Surigao, trance to bay and town of Mualbual, W. coast Mindanao, 59 m. SSW. of Surigao. of Cebu. - hamlet on N. coast of Negros Occidental, - point in Romblon I., Visayas. 2 m. SW. of Manapla. TONGÓN (tohng-ohn'), ver.; point in Ambos Ca- TOTAY (toh-tie'), ver.; mountain in Sámar. marines (Sur), Luzón. TOUMOULUNG (too-moo'-loong), nat.; village on TONGUIL (tohn-gill'), ver.; point on E. coast of W. shore of Batán I., Batanes Is., off N. coast Mindanao, 9. m. S. of Catarman Pt. and be- Cagayán, Luzón, S. of Santo Domingo. tween which opens bay; on shores are situated TOVALINA (toh-vah-lee-nah), ver.; hamlet on towns of Dacumbanua and Catel; 2 islets, highway from Tiagan to Cervantes in Lepan- sq. m. each, lie in center of bay. to, Luzón, 14 m. NW. of Cayán. - point in Cebú I. TOWNSEND, for.; point on SW. coast of S. Pala- TONGUIP (tohn-geep'), ver.; river in SE. Sámar wan, NE. 3 m. from Jervóis Pt. Country in- land consists of low tablelands. which empties into Pacific Ocean, E. coast of Sámar, 2 m. SE. of Lanang. TRAGDUGAN (trahg-doo'-gahn), ver.; bay on E. TON KAMUTYAJAN (tohn cah-moot-yah'-hahn). shore of Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. (See nat.; point and mountain 500 ft. high on N. Tagugan, Ticao I.) shore of Cagayán Sulu, SW. waters Sulu Sea. TRAGODARO (trah-goh-dah'-roh), ver.; crater in NW. Panay, on boundary between Antique - point Sw. shore Lapun Lapun anchorage, and Cápiz, Panay, 9 m. E. of Sebaste. Cagayan de Sulu, Mountain of same name 500 ft. and another 480 ft. to E. lie inland. TRANSEPT, for.; hill 1,819 ft. high, on SW. shore, overlooking Dalauan Bay, on E.shore of Bala- TONKÍAN (tohn-keyl-ahn), ver.; 2 small islets bac I., Balábac grp., off SW. end of Palawan; m. S. of Dalumon, off E. coast of Tawi Tawil., 2 peaks, one, South Bay Hill, 960 ft. high, lie to Sulu A. SE. TON PANDANAN (tohn pahn-dah'-nahn), nat.; TRÁNSITO (trahn-see-toh), Sp.; hamlet on W. point extreme E. end of Balanguingui I., that coast of Polillo I., 41 m. s. from Polillo, off E. group, Sulu A. coast of Infanta, Luzón. TONSEKE (tohn-say-kay), nat.; point on extreme | TRAPICHIHAN (trah-pee-chee'-hahn), Tag.; point SW. islet off Balanguingui I., Balanguingui on N, shore of Marinduque I., off SW. coast of grp., Sulu A. Tayabas, Luzon, between San Andrés and TON SOLOT (tohn soh-loht'), nat.; point on N. Santa Cruz Pts.; distance, 8; m. shore of Cagayán Sulu, SW. waters of Sulu TREACHER, for.; S. head of San Antonio Bay on Sea. SE. coast of S. Palawan. - point on SW. shore of Lapun Lapun anch- TREACHEROUS, for.. or TRAIDORA (try-doh'- orage, Cagayan de Sulu. Summit 249 ft. high rah), Sp.; bay 61 m. NE. of Albion Head, NW. overlooks it. coast s. Palawan, overlooked on SE. by 2 TON SUNDANGON (tohn soon-dahng'-ohn), nat.; remarkable peaked hills named by old navi- channel NE. to SW., about #m. wide at en gators Devil's Cap Peak; foot breaks through trances and less than m. center, between mangrove and forms conspicuous yellow cleft Bucutua and Bulán Is., Samales cluster, Ba on shore. About #m. SW. is stream of fresh languingui grp., Sulu A. Bulan peak, on water. Tagbayug or Tebeyu Bay lies SW. island same name, 1,134 ft. high, is landmark TRENTO (trayn'-toh), Sp.; town on SE. shore of of channel 8 to 18 fms. deep. Also Ton San- Linao Lake, Surigao, Mindanao, 55 m. S by E. dungon. of Butúan. TOOBALOOBOOK (toh-oh-bah-loh-oh-boh-ohk'). TREPANG (tray-pahng'), ver.; island 4 m. E. of nat.; islet in Sulu A., lat. 5° 58' 40" N., lon. 1210 Dumarán I., Off E. coast of Paragua, Palawan. 35' 29" E. (See Cambari I.) TOOCAN (toh-oh'-cahn), ver.; town on 1. bank of TRES MARÍAS (trays mah-ree'-ahs), Sp.; point E. river emptying into bay S. of Sicayac Pt., 9 head to Boca Engaño port, E. coast of Burias m. S. by W. of Dapitan. (See Blanca Pt.) I., Masbate grp., Visayas. TOOG (toh-ohg'), ver.; small bay immediately N. TRES PICOS (trays peel-cohs), Sp.; mountain in of Nin Bay, W. shore of Masbate I., Visayas. Basilan I., off sw. Zamboanga Pen., Minda- TOOGBAHAS (toh-ohg-bah'-hahs), ver.; islet in nao. Sulu A., lat. 5° 45' N. TRES PICOS, or CAMUNGYAN (trays peel-cohs, TOOGÓN (toh-oh-gohn'), ver.; mountain in NW. cah-moon-heel-ahn), Sp.; island off SW. coast Panay. of Paragua, lat. 10° 10' 30" N., 14 m. NNE. in en- TOQUIL (toh-kill'), ver.; low, crescent-shaped trance of Ulugan Bay, on NW. coast of Para- island at E. end of small chain NE. of Balan- gua. guingui I. of that group, Sulu A.; channel TRES REYES (trays ray'-yays), Sp.; mountain at between this island and Sagui Pt. on W. and E. extremity of dividing range between Zam- Bucutua, and Bulán is 3 m. boanga and Cotabato, Mindanao. TORENO (toh-ray'-noh), Sp.; hamlet on N. coast - cluster of islets near S. coast of Marindu- of Negros Occidental, 3 m. SW. of Manapla. que, lat. 13° 13' 30" N. TORO (toh'-roh), Sp.; hamlet in Bulacan, Luzón, - 2 small islands almost connecting with SE. 4 m. E. of Bulacán. shore of Calamián I., Calamianes grp., be- hamlet on main road 17 m. NNW. of San tween Paragua, Palawan, and Mindoro. Isidro in Nueva Ecija, Luzón. TRIANA (tree-an'-nah), Sp.; hamlet on S. part of TOROG (toh-rohg'), ver.; hamlet on W. coast of W. coast of Limasaua I., SE. of Leyte. Antique, Panay, 31 m. N. of Tibiao. TRIBOA (tree-boh'-ah), ver.; hill and hamlet E. TORREROS (toh-rray'-rohs), Sp.; village on NE. side of Subic Bay, Zambales, Luzón. shore of Pujada Bay, SE coast of Dávao, Min- TRINCHERA (treen-chay'-rah), Sp.; point 1 m. E. danao, 1m. SE. of Mati. of Bolinao and W. head of N. entrance to TORRIJOS (toh-rree'-hohs), Sp.; pueblo of Marin channel to Lingayen Gulf, which separates duque I., off sw. coast of Batangas, Luzón. Santiago I. on NE. from extreme NE. coast of Center of important deposits of argentiferous Zambales, Luzon. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 897 ENLARGED PLAN OF TON SANDUNGUN CHANNEL SOUNDINGS IN TELT Santical Mile 30 20 13 BUKU TUA ISLAND BULA 10 13 13 3 33 2018 29 2313 S. Doc. 280— 57 898 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TRINCHERA; hamlet in pueblo of San Pablo (del | TUBABOT (too-bah-boht'), nat.; islet off NE. Monte), Batangas, Luzón. coast of Sámar. (See Tubábao.) TRINIDAD (tree-nee-dahd'), Sp.; pueblo and for- TUBAGAS (too-bah'-gahs), Tag.; river entering mer capital of Benguet, Luzon, 8 m. SW. of Lamón Bay on Infanta shore, Luzón; rock 40 Baguio, in elevations between headwaters of ft. high immediately S. of its mouth. Bauang flowing W. and emptying into China TUBÁIN (too-bah'-een), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Sea, and Agno flowing sw. and N. into Gulf Paracale, Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. of Lingayen, Pop., 2, 180. Region to N. is most populous. TUBAJÓN (too-bah-hohn'), ver.; town on SE. shore of bay forming S. of Berrugosa Pt., on TRINQUETE (treen-kay'-tay),Sp.; point ons. shore NW. coast of Dinagat I., fronting N. entrance of E. end entrance to Alancao, Napangpang to Surigao Strait, Surigao, Mindanao. Bay, SW. coast of Sorsogon, Luzón, TÚBAL (tool-bahl), ver.; anchorage in S. Minda- TRIPLE (tree'-play), Sp.; hill in Sw. Palawan. nao. (See South West Hill.) TUBALAN (too-bah-lahn), ver., point and hamlet - island N. of Malabuctún I., off NE. coast on W. shore of Dávao Gulf, Dávao, Minda- of Paragua, Palawan. nao, 45 m. S. of Dávao. TRIPLE CIMA (tree'-play theel-mah), Sp.; 3- - hamlet S. of Malita Pt., on W. shore of Dá- peaked island 162 ft. high, off opening to Tag vao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao, 46 m. S. of bayug Bay, W. coast of S. Palawan, 1 m. N. of Dávao. Nacoda I., in approach to that cove. TUBALUBAK (too-bah-loo-bahk'), ver.; cluster of TRIPLE TOP, for.; 3-peaked island at entrance to 3 islands, southwesternmost of Pangutárang Tagbayug Bay, W. coast of Palawan. (See Triple Cima I.) grp., Sulu A. TÚBAO (tool-bah-oh), ver.; pueblo in Unión, Lu- TRISTÁN (trees-tahn'), Sp.; second loftiest sum mit in E. coast range of Dinagat I., off ex zón. Pop., 6,793. extreme N. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, over TÚBAY (too'by). ver.; mountain N. of mouth of looking Peñascales Pt. river of that name on W. coast of Surigao, TRITON (tree-tohn'), Sp.; E. islet of General grp., Mindanao. 8 m. SE. of Tugas Pt., NE. Surigao, Mindanao. - pueblo on N, bank of river of that name, 3 - cluster of rocks in channel separating Gene- m. inland, on W. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. ral I. from mainland, NE. coast of Surigao, - mountain 3 m. from r. bank of Túbay Riv. Mindanao. at its mouth, on E. shore of Butuan Bay, large rock inside of Dumanquilas Pt., off E. Surigao, Mindanao, forming landmark of that shore of Dumanquilas Bay, S. coast of Zam- bay approaching town and river of Butúan. boanga, Mindanao. - river which receives surplus waters of May- TROZO, or SAN JOSÉ (troh -thoh, sahn hoh-say'), nit Lake and flows parallel to and within 5 Sp.; district of Manila municipality, about m. of W. shore of NE. peninsula of Mindanao through S. course of 26 m., when it suddenly center of NE. quarter, between Tondo (NW.) and Santa Cruz and Sampaloc districts (SE.); turns to W., entering Butúan Bay through 4 chiefly devoted to industries. Population, mouths SW. of Túbay Mt., NW. coast of Suri- Chinese and natives. (See Manila municipal- gao, Mindanao. ity.) - town of Surigao, Mindanao, on r. bank of TRUCE, for.; promontory at head of Eran Bay, N. arm of Túbay Riy., entering Butúan Bay SW. coast of S. Palawan; Bivouac I. lies off across delta of that stream, 40 m. S. of Suri- point. gao. Pop., 505. TRUENO LAJA (troo-ayi-noh lah'-hah), Sp.: islet | TUBBATAHA (toob-bah-tah'-hah), ver.; island E. off W. shore of Lingayen Gulf, in Pangasinan, of Palawan. Luzón. TUBIAJON (too-beeah'-hohn), nat.; town and TRUSAN BANGAO (troo'-sahn bahng-ah'-oh), ver.; point in S. Sorsogon, Luzón. island off W. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Súlu A., sheltering and almost concealing entrance to TUBIAJON, or TUBLAJON (too-beeah'-hohn, too- channel to Simanalé anchorage; within en- blah'-hohn), nat.; point on NW. shore of trance port widens. Sorsogon port, Sorsogón, Luzón, E. of Cibiga- - native name of narrow passage between Lan Riv. Sangá Sanga and Bongao Is., S. of Sulu I., TÚBIG (too'-big) (water), nat.; pueblo on E. coast Sulu A. of Sámar, 2 m. SE. of Tugasan Pt. and 36 m. N. TUAD (twahd), nat.; islet on E. coast of Cápiz, of E. of Catbalogan, across island. Pop, 3,378. Panay, NE. of entrance to Camansi Bay, and - hamlet on extreme SE. coast of Negros 4 m. E. of Duyag. Oriental. (See Mayon.) TUAGAYAN (twah-gah-yahn), ver.; hamlet at - point in Tayabas, Luzón. mouth of small river entering sea on E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 5 m. NW. of Tambog TÚBIG MANGAYÁONG (too'-big mahng-ah-yah'. Pt., 132 m. SE. by E. of Surigao. ohng), nat.; point on S. coast of Tayabas, Lu- TUAO (twah'-oh), ver.; pueblo near W. bank of zón, on r. of entrance to port of Laguimanoc. Chico de Cagayan Riv., in Cagayán, Luzón, I TUBIGAÁN (too-bee-gah-ahn'), ver.: hamlet near 19 m. W. of Tuguegarao, with which it is con- r. shore of outlet of Jalaúr Riv., in Iloilo nected by trail. Pop., 4,986. Strait, Iloilo, Panay, 31 m. SE. of Zarraga. - town of Nueva Vizcaya, Luzón, on main highway 8 m. N. of Bayombong. TUBIGÁN (too-bee-gahn'), nat.; hamlet on E. shore of Buad I., off W. coast of Sámar. TUARAN (twah'-rahn), nat.; hamlet of Negros Oriental, 3 m. N. of Guijulugan, E. coast. - point on NW. shore of Libas port, E. coast of Sámar. Observation spot at this point TUAURÍAN (twow-ree'-ahn), ver.; river in Sor- shows situation, lat. 11° 46' 25' N., lon. 1250 sogón, Luzón, taking SW. course empties into 25' 34" E. Putiao port. TUBA (too-bah'). Tag.: hamlet on main road in | TUBIGON (too-bee'-gohn), nat.; pueblo on W. Bulacan, Luzón, 137 m. NE. of Bulacán. coast of Bobol, on sea channel, 25 m. from TUBÁBAO, or TUBABOT (too-bah'-bah-oh, too- Sibonga, in Cebú, 23 m. E. of N. of Tagbilaran. Pop., 15,855. bah-boht'), nat.; islet off NE. coast of Sámar, 1 m. N. by W. of Hilaban, off Oras I., off -- NE. island of Pangutárang grp., Sulu A. mouth of Oras Riv. N. side. Lat. 12° 11' 45' E., Well wooded, with small river and excellent lon. 125° 32' 9". Connected by reef and low drinking water. islets. N. is passage 2 m. wide. - point in Panay. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 899 TUBIKSHIMA (too-bick-see'-mah), nat.; point on W. shore of Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. TUBILE (too-beel-lay), ver.; point 4 m. W. of Mamburao Riv., at NW. head of Mambúrao Bay, on W. coast of Mindoro; 2 islets lie on S. side. - headland point on NW. coast, or China Sea, of Mindoro, 46 m. W. by S. of Calapán, across island, and 6 m. W. by S. of Mamburao, Mindoro. - inlet in NW. Mindoro. TUBINGANTÁN (too-been-gahn-tahn'), ver.; point W. of Cabalian, on SW. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A. TUBLAY (toob-bly'), ver.; pueblo in Benguet, Lu- zón, 1 m. N. of Trinidad. Pop., 996. TUBLIG MANGÁYAO (too-blig' mahng-ah'-yah- oh), ver.; point on S. coast of Tayabas, Luzón, opposite Pagbilao Grande I. TUBO (too-boh'); ranchería between Lepanto and Abra. Declared part of Abra, Luzon, by P.C. act, Nov. 5, 1901 (No. 293.) TUBOC (too-bohk'), nat.; hamlet in Cotabato, Mindanao, on shore of Illana Bay. TUBOTUBÓ (too-boh-too-boh'), nat.; island in Lebac Harbor, SW. coast Cotabato, Mindanao. TUBÚ (too-boo'), nat.; town on SW. shore Caraga Bay, with anchorage sheltered from S. winds, 2 m. sw. of Pusan Pt., E. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, 194 m. SSE. of Surigao. TUBÚAN (too-bool-ahn), nat.; river in SW. part of Cotabato, Mindanao, emptying into sea on W. coast. TUBUC (too-book'), ver.; town in S. Lepanto, Lu- zón, 7 m. S. of Cayán. Pop., 1,107. TUBUD, or TUGOD (too-bood', too-gohd'), ver.; point 2 m. S. of Tagolo Pt., on shore of Dapi- tan Bay, Dapitan, Mindanao, lat. 8° 42' N.,lon. 123° 23' E.; fixed light 43 ft., above sea and visible in clear weather distance of 13 m.; marks channel between extreme NW. point of Mindanao and opposite coast of Negros Oriental, and also entrance to Dapitan Bay. TUBUGON (too-boo-gohn), nat.; river in Tayabas, Luzón, emptying into sea on N. coast. TUBUHIBO (too-boo-heel-boh), ver.; island in small estuary in extreme NW. shore of Manila Bay, at mouth of Orani Riy., with shore of Pampanga opposite on NE. and Bataan on SW. TUBULUTUBÚ (too-boo-loo-too-boo'), ver.; island WSW. of Tonkian I. off E. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., and separated from them by pas- sage 500 yds. wide. Coast of Tawi Tawi op- posite is low, submerged, and overgrown with mangroves and bordered by shoals. TUBUNGAN (too-boong'-ahn), ver.; pueblo in Iloilo, Panay, 17 m. NW. of Iloilo. Pop., 4,368. TUBUNGAO (too-boong-ah-oh), nat.; hamlet on 1. shore of w. branch of Grande Riv. of Min- dano, 3 m. E. of Liguasan Lake, in Cotabato, Mindanao. TUBURAN (too-boo-rahn), nat.; hamlet in Cápiz, Panay, on r. bank of tributary of Mayón, 6 m. above Mayón. -- hill near Ginatilan, on SW. coast of Cebu. - pueblo of importance on bay of that name, E. shore of Tañón Strait, 32 m. N. of Cebú, W. shore of Cebú. Pop., 10,760. - small bay and point in W. Cebú. TUBUT (too-boot'), nat.; point on SE. shore of Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao. TUBUTUBU (too-boo-tool-boo), Tag.; island E. of Bataan, Luzon. TUCANIGALO (too-cah-nee-gah-loh), nat.; vil- lage on Balábac I., off SW. coast of Palawan. TUCAPANGA (too-cah-pahng'-ah), nat.; point on SW. coast of Dávao, Mindanao, NW. of Saran- gani C. TUCBÍ, or TUKBI (took-bee'), nat.; river enter- ing Tagictic Bay (also Tagiktik), SW. arm of Barrera port, NE. coast Masbate. TUCUCAN (too-cool-cahn). ver.: pueblo in Bon- toc, Luzon, 7 m. from Bontoc. Pop., 407. TUCUNABAGA (too - coo-nah - bah' - gah), ver.; hamlet near N. shore, on Bulúan Lake, near SE. boundary of Cotabato, Mindanao. TUCURAN (too-cool-rahn), nat.; village and an- chorage on N. side of Pagarian Bay, NW. shore of Illana Bay, Cotabato, Mindanao. TUDELA (too-day'-lah), Sp.; town on W. slope of E. coast range, at headwaters of river enter- ing Pinayat Lake, central Surigao, from E. 21 m. sw. of Bislig, on Pacific coast, 126 m. SSE. of Surigao, Mindanao. - pueblo in Cebu. - hamlet about center of Dalanganem I., of Corandagos Is., of E. coast of Paragua, Pa- lawan, and chief town of that group. - town in Cebú. TUFT, for.; islet #m. SE. of Ramesamey I., Hon- da (Deep) Bay, E. coast of Palawan, imme- diately S. of boundary with Paragua on N. TUFT HILL, for.; summit on W. shore, 2 m. S. of NW. head entrance to Ulugan Bay, W. coast of Palawan. TUGAÁ (too-gah-ah'), ver.; point on NW. shore of Leyte, 3 m. s. of Sangubón. TUGÁN (too-gahn'), ver.; hamlet on E, shore of Sarangani Bay, S. coast of Davao, Mindanao, 76% m. s. by W. of Dávao. TUGAPANGAN (too-gah-pahng'-ahn), ver.; con- spicuous point on E. shore of Illana Bay in Cotabato, Mindanao, and N. headland to opening of Polloc Harbor. . TUGÁS (too-gahs'), nat.; prominent point 85 m. SE. by E. of Bilambilam Bay, on NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao; shore between these points is covered with mangroves and strewn with rocks in picturesque confusion. Point itself consists of narrow tongue of land. stretching 2 m. to NE. Channel between it and Bocas I. is 5 m, wide. Land in vicinity is commanded by Legaspi Mt., 3,889 ft. high, at N. end of great range parallel to E. coast of Mindanao. - point on W.coast of Sámar, lat. 11° 21' 30'' N. - hamlet on E. coast of Bohol, Visayas, 5 m SE. of Candijay. TUGASAN (too-gah'-sahn), ver.; N. point of bay on E. coast of Samar, on which lies town of Túbig. TUGBUGAN (toog-bood-gahn), ver.; hamlet on r. shore of Tumaga Riv., Zamboanga, Minda- nao. TUGDAO (toog-dah'-oh), ver.; hamlet on N. coast of Biliran I., off NW. coast of Leyte, S. of Anás Pt. (Also Tagdao.) TUGIS (too'-hees), ver.; river entering Celebes Sea on SW. coast of Davao, Mindanao. TUGOD (too-gohd'), ver.; point 2 m. S. of Tagolo Pt., on shore of Dapitan Bay, NW. coast of Dapitan, Mindanao. (See Tubud Pt.) TUGRARÁN (too-grah-rahn'), ver.; mountain in SW. Leyte, 4 m. N. of Albuera. TUGUBAN (too-good-bahn), nat.; wooded point on E. coast of Mindanao, 9% m. s. of Maglubun Pt. and forming N. headland to Mayo Bay and boundary between Dávao and Surigao, Mindanao, terminates on Pacific coast near this point. -- point at N. head which forms with Lami- gan Pt., 93 m. S. by W., opening of Mayo Bay, SE, end of boundary between Surigao and Dávao, reaches E. shore of Mindanao at this point. TUGUEGARAO (too-gay-gah-rah-oh), nat.; pue- blo and capital of Cagayán, Luzon, 4 m. by road from r. bank of Grande de Cagayán Riv., on main highway S. to Manila, by road about 900 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TUGUEGARAO-Continued. TULINTÍN (too-leen-teen'), ver.; point on NE. 270 m. Has some fine buildings of rubble coast of Siquijor I., off SW. coast of Bohol, 6 masonry and attractive architecture, church, m. N. of Santa María de Carmiña. court-house, and town hall. Country gener- TULIPÁN (too-lee-pahn'), Sp.; mountain in Sulu ally open. Great valley N. and S. has large I., Sulu A. population engaged chiefly in agricultural TULISÁN (too-lee-sahn'), nat.; summit 279 ft., on pursuits. Pop., 16,820. r. bank Calacalan Riv, on NE. shore of Súbic TUGUISAN (too-geel-sahn), ver.; hamlet of Cápiz, Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Luzón. Panay, i m. inland from N. coast, 13 m. ÑE. of Macatô. TULU (tool-loo), nat.; island of Ticlines grp., SE. of Sorsogón, Luzón. TUGURAN (too-good-rahn), Tag.; point in Marin- duque, off SW. coast of Tayabas. TULUGAN (too-loo'-gahn), nat.; island off coast of Paragua, Palawan. TUGUS (too'-goos), ver.; point on NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao, at extremity of tongue of TULUNANÁUN (too-loo-nah-nah'-oon), ver.; is- land extending into Pacific Ocean, 2 m. to land 200 ft. high, 14 m. long, 4 m. E. of NW. NE. Channel between it and Bucas I. is 4 m, peninsula of Cápiz, Panay. wide and 250 ft. deep. Land in vicinity com TULURAN (too-loo'-rahn), yer.; island 4; m. by manded by Legaspi Mt., 3,889 ft. high, inland 14 m. in extent, 1,267 ft. high, on E. side of 7 m. S. of Tagonito Pt. main entrance to Malampaya Sound, W. coast -- hamlet in Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, near of Paragua, Palawan. W. border, 3 m. N. of Lemery. TUMACO (too-mah'-coh), nat.; point on SE. shore TUHINANAÚN (too-hee-nah-nah-oon'), nat.; is- of entrance to Pujada Bay, SE. coast of Dayao, land in NE. Panay. Mindanao, opposite Pujada I. TÚJUD (too'-hood) (means knee), nat.; conspicu- TUMADGÓ (too-mahd-goh'), ver.; point on S. side ous point on NE. coast of Mindoro, 12 m. NW. of S. entrance of channel to Pujada Bay, W. of Dumali Pt. (Also Tujot.) coast of Dávao, Mindanao. TUK-TUK (took-took'), ver.; point on S. shore of TUMAGÃ (too-mah-gah'), nat.; river rising on W. Sulu I., Sulu A. From Bual coast trends W. slope of central range, Zamboanga Pen., Min- 4 m., then curving S. and N., forms bay 3m. danao, flowing E. by S. enters narrow arm of across to Tuk-Tuk Pt.; from this point coast adjacent Célebes Sea. Tetuán lies on its r. trends NW. 3 m. to Igasan Pt., near which is bank. Bancungan I., thence to Diangappic, N. Jimit TUMAHUI (too-mah-hwee'), ver.; mountain in of Sulu roadstead. Sulu I., Sulu A. TUKUNABAGU (too-coo-nah-bah'-goo), ver.; TUMALAITAI (too-mah-lie-tie'), nat.; point in- hamlet on NE. shore of Bulúan Lake, SE. side entrance to Sorsogon port, Sorsogón, Cotabato, Mindanao. Luzón. TULÂ (too-lah'), nat.; river of E. Tayabas, Luzón, - one of 3 islands NE. of point of same name, emptying into Gulf of Ragay. on N. side of entrance to Sorsogon port, Sor- - creek on SE. shore of Tigungun I., off NE. sogón, Luzón. coast of Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A., emptying into TUMALALOD (too-mah-lah-lohd'). nat.: hamlet Calaitan channel. in Cápiz, Panay, 2 m. NW. of Mambusao. TULAGTULAHAN (too-lag-too-lah-hahn), ver.; | TUMALAT (too-mah-laht), nat.; point on N. side hamlet near 1. bank of N. tributary of Jalaúr of entrance to Sorsogon port, Sorsogón, Luzon. Riv., Iloilo, Panay, 3 m. NE. of Dingle. TUMALAYTAY (too-mah-lie-tie'), nat.; islet and TULÁJUD (too-lah'-hood), nat.; extinct crater 5 point on W. shore of Masbate I., Visayas. m, S. of Borongan, in SE. Sámar. TUMALINTIGAN (too-mah-leen-teel-gahn), nat.; TULÁN (too-lahn'), nat.; island off E. coast of point on E. coast of Guimarás I., off E. coast Cebú, lat. 10° 40' 30'' N. of Iloilo, Panay, in front of Libás. TULANG (too-lahng'), ver.; islet 14 m. off NW. TUMALIÓN (too-mah-lyohn'), ver.; hamlet on E. coast of Pasijan, Camotes grp., in Visayan Sea, shore of bay on NW. shore Dinagat I., off N. off w. coast of Leyte. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. TÚLAO (too'-lah-oh), nat.; mountain in Cebú. TUMALUNG (too-mah-loong'), nat.; bay in S. TULAPUG (too-lah-poog'), ver.; hamlet on SW. Mindanao. side of estuary on E. side of Dumanquilas Bay, in Zamboanga, Mindanao, 93 m. ENE. of TUMALUTAN (too-mah-loo'-tahn), ver.; island Zamboanga. 270 ft. high, off Sacol (Saccal) I., off SE. coast of Zamboanga, Mindanao. TULARIKIN (too-lah-ree-keen), ver.; hamlet on E. coast of Paragua, Palawan, NE. of Cleopa- -island 26 ft. high, lying 4 m. E. of E. point tra's Needle. Pop., 100. of Sacol (Saccal) I., and of that cluster, off SE. coast of SW. peninsula of Zamboanga, TULAY (too-lie') (means bridge), nat.; hamlet on Mindanao. N. shore of San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, - mountain in SE. of Zamboanga Pen., Min- SW. Sá mar, 2 m. E. of Basey. danao, in line with S. of Saccal cluster of - hamlet in Bulacán, Luzón, 91 m. N. of islands. Bulacán. TUMAN (too'-mahn), ver.; point in E. Mindanao. - hamlet in Cavite, Luzón, 20 m. SW. of Cavite. TUMÁNAO (too-mah'-now), nat.; port opening on Sarangani Strait 1 m. Š. of Tiain Pt., on NW. TULAYAN (too-lah-yahn), nat.; island inshore, shore of Sarangani I., off SE. coast of S. pen- off NE. coast of Sulu I., Sulu A. insula of Davao, Mindanao. Small stream - anchorage in Sulu. empties on SE. part of port. S. head to port is lat. 5° 27' 35" N., lon. 125° 25' 38'' E. N. head TULIÁN (too-lyahn'), nat.; island i m. SSW. to is conspicuous rocky bluff with 6 islets off NNE. and 1 m. E. and w., rising to 513 ft., point. Fresh water can be had on N. shore. in Sulu grp., Sulu A.; forms with shore of Former Spanish military post occupied site Sulu I., to s., fine harbor of Dalrymple. Fruit SW. of peak on SE, shore. trees growing wild and abandoned well are only remains of former Spanish occupation. TUMANDÂ (too-mahn-dah'), nat.; point on E. - second island of that name off Sulu coast, coast of Guimarás I., off S. coast of Iloilo, Sulu A., 208 ft. high, situated 13 m. from Pa- Panay. taluan Pt. TUMANGO (too-mahng-oh'). ver.; bay on E. coast - island oft NW. shore of Sulu I., Sulu grp., of Isabela, Luzón. (Dilasac on Spanish Sulu A. charts.) GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 901 OFF THE SOUTH COAST OF MINDANAO BALUT PARIDO OR SARANGAXII. PORT TUMANAO • A.Lat.5*27'35"N. I ong. 125*25-38°E. Rise of tide about 8 feet 26 fresh water SC ..23 Conspicuous white markin rocky bluff ... $9 33 59 29 131 pi 92 95 DC 3 92 26 SU 95 OS S.St. VARIATION NCARLY 15' (1900) STATIONARY £arath mikkary post 154 9c Yards 100 500 50 902 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. TUMANIALIÓ (too-mah-nyah-lyoh'), ver.; extinct | TUNDALARA (toon-dah-lah'-rah), ver.; mountain volcano 6 m. S. of San Isidro, NW. Leyte. with smooth summit and knob on it, 2,152 ft. TUMANTANG (too-mahn-tahng'), nat.; hamlet on high, 1 m. E. of Port Dipulao, SE. Busuanga W. coast of Antique, Panay, 4. m. N. of Ti- I., Calamianes grp., between Paragua, Pala- biad. wan, and Mindoro, lat. 12° 2' 9'' N., lon. 120° 13' 1' E. Landmark for navigators of Min- TUMAQUÍN (too-mah-keen'), ver.; island NE. of doro Strait. Panay. TUNEG (too-nayg'), nat.; river of Abra, Luzón, in TUMARABÓN (too-mah-rah-bone'), ver.; hamlet Balatinao Mt., flowing SW. then to NW. 3} m. N. of High Pt., NE. coast of Paragua, Unites its waters with Pusulgua Riv. Palawan. TUMARÁS (too-mah-rahs'), ver.; NE. point of TUNGÂ (toong-ah'), nat.; mountain in NW. Pa- nay. Cacraray I., off E. coast of Albay, Luzón; 2 small islands lie in NE. mouth of channel TUNGAL (toon-gahl'), nat.; island off SW. shore between Cacraray and Batán Is., off E. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. of Albay, Luzón. TÚNGAO (toong'-ah-oh), nat.; point at extreme TUMATANGUIS (too-mah-tahn'-gees), ver.; moun- N. end of Semerara I., 10 m. SE. of Buruncan tain on Sulu I., Sulu A. Pt., Mindoro. TUMAUINI (too-mah-w.e-nee), ver.; pueblo in | TUNGAS (toong'-ahs), ver.; coast hamlet on E. Isabela, Luzon, on main highway at junction side of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 357 m. NE. of of Pinacanauán de Tumauini with Grande de Zamboanga. Cagayán Riv., 8 m. N. of Ilagan. Pop., 4,814. TUNGTUNG (toong-toong'), nat.; mountain in - river rising on S. slopes of Cresta Mt., one SW. Bohol, 8 m. SE. of Calape. of spurs of Sierra Madre in NW. Isabela, Lu TUNITO (too-nee'-toh), Sp.; islet in sea channel zón. After SW. course receiving several trib between SW. ptoint of Leyte and Lapinin Is., utaries enters Cagayán Grande Riv. at town 2 m. off NE. point of latter. of Tumauini, on r. bank, 10 m. below Ilagan. TUNKALAN (toon-cah-lahn), ver., island of Ba- TUMBADÓN (toom-bah-dohn'), Sp.; point on W. languingui grp., Sulu A. coast of Zambales, Luzon, 2 m. SW. of Agno. TUNO (too'-noh), Sp.; interior hamlet 5 m. E. of TUMBAGA (toom-bah'-gah), Tag.; point on SE. Tibiao, on W. coast of Antique, Panay. coast of Lubang I., 27 m. W. of Santiago C., TUNTUMÍN (toon-too-meen'), ver.; river in Luzón. nearest land of Batangas, Luzón. TUPILAC (too-pee-lahk'), ver.; hamlet on N. in- TUMBAO (toom-bah'-oh), nat.; hamlet on Grande let of great bight on E. coast of Zamboanga, Riv. of Mindanao, 104 m. SE. of Cotabato, in Mindanao, at entrance to Sibuguey Bay, 491 Cotabato, Mindanao. m. NNE. of Zamboanga. - river in Cotabato, Mindanao, tributary to TUPON (tool-pohn), ver.; stream entering bay of Grande Riv. of Mindanao. Tuburan, 1 m. N. of that town, W. coast of - point on r. bank of Upper Grande Riv. of Cebú. Mindanao, lat. 7° 20' N., Lanao, Mindanao. TUPUC (too-pook'), ver.; mountain in NE. Abra, - town in forks of N. and S. arms of Grande Luzon. Riv. of Mindanao, Cotabato, Mindanao, 13 m. TUQUIÁN (too-kyahn'), Tag.; point in S. Tayabas, SE. of Cotabato. Luzón. TUMINANAYUM (too-mee-nah-nah-yoom'), ver.; TURCO (toor'-coh) (Turk), Sp.; mountain in pue- island off coast of Panay. blo of San Mateo, Rizal, Luzón. TUMITUOD (too-mee-twod'), ver.; mountain on 1. TURRET, for.; island in Calamianes grp., be- bank of Lanang Riv., 5 m. W. of Lanang, E. tween Paragua, Palawan, and Mindoro, Sámar. 71 m. from North Rock, N. of Busuanga I. TUMOLÁN (too-moh-lahn'), ver.; island of Balan 8i6 ft. high, and resembling turret. (See Du- guingui grp., Sulu A. munpalit.) TUMUTAYTAY (too-moo-tie-tie'), ver.; hamlet on TUTÁN (too-tahn'), ver.; peak in N. Nueva Viz- W. shore of entrance to Sorsogon port, Sorso caya, Luzón. gón, Luzón. TUTAY (too-tie'), ver.; stream on W. coast of TUNA (too'-nah), Sp.; anchorage and semicircu Cebú, emptying into Tañón Strait, 3 m. S. of lar bay on SW. shore of Cotabato, Mindanao. Pinamungajan. River of same name enters at hamlet of same TUTAYBUANGÍN (too-tie-bwahn-heen'), ver.; bay name on E. shore, lat. 6° 15' N. on S. coast of Capulan I., off SW. coast of - hamlet on mouth of river on E. shore of Tayabas, Luzón. bay of same name, W. coast of Cotabato, Min- danao. TUTÚ (too-too'), ver.; bay on S. shore of Sulu I., Sulu A., E. of Maibún (Maimbún) Bay, and TÚNAO (tool-now), nat.; island of Calaguas grp., separated from N. shore of Sulu I. by low off N. coast Ambos Camarines, Luzón. isthmus, 21 m, wide. Towns of Pandangpan- TUNAS (too'-nahs). Sp.; hamlet on E. coast of dang, Carang-daltó, and Sang on its E. shores. Concepción, Iloilo, Panay, 4. m. S. of Carlés. - island, off SW. shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., TUNASÁN (too-nah-sahn), Tag.; hamlet in Lagu Sulu A. na, Luzon. (Also San Pedro de Tunasán.) TUTUBÁN (too-too-bahn'), Tag.; village in cen- TUNASANCILLO (too-nah-sahn-thee-lyoh), Hisp.; tral part of Tondo suburb, Manila munici- hamlet in pueblo of San Pedro de Tunasán, pality, Luzón. Laguna, Luzón, on 1. bank of Satiestit Riv., emptying into Laguna de Bay. -- inlet in Negros. TUNCALAN (toon-cah-lahn), nat.; island in W. TUTUCIPA (too-too-thee'-pah), nat.; islets off E. part of Balanguingui grp., Sulu A. coast of Siasi I., Sulu A. TUTUILA (SAMOAN GROUP), SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN. (Too-twee'-lah.) Capital: Pago-Pago, lat. 14° 42' N., lon. 170° 40' 30W. Area: Mainland, 63 sq. m.; 7 dependent islands, 21 sq. m.; total, 84 sq. m. Population: 4,000, estimated. Race: Polynesian. Language: Polynesian dialect. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 903 Table of distances. From Tutuila (Pago-Pago) to- Brito, Nicaragua, Central America Guam ... Haiti, Society Is., S. Pacific ....... Honolulu, Hawaii ... Jamestown, Caroline Is., S. Pacific Levuca, Fiji Is.... Manila, P. I. (via Guam): To Guam................ To Manila ........... naut. m. 5,320 . 3,097 .. 1, 308 2, 240 2,128 650 Paita, Peru, South America....... Panama....... Punta Arenas, Chili (Magellan Straits San Francisco Sydney, Australia .. Valparaiso, Chili. Wellington, New Zealand Yokohama, Japan ................ 3,097 506 4,603 5,399 5,739 5,197 4,150 . 2,354 5,456 1,908 ... 4,072 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The United States island of Tutuila and its dependent islands of Tau or Manua Ofoo, Oloosinga, and Anun (Pilot) occupy that portion of the Samoan or Navigator group lying E. of the 171st meridian of lon. W. of Greenwich, and are surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, between lat. 14° 11' S., and 14° 25' S., and lon. 169° 26' W., and 170° 51' W. AREA. In area Tutuila is 19 stat. m. from E. by N. to S. by W., and 10 m. from NE. to SW. (Cockscomb Pt., N., to Steps Pt., S.). Area, 63 sq. m. The extreme W., Tau or Manua, is 6 m. from N. to S. and 8 m. from NW. to SE. Area, 18 sq. m. The small saucepan-shaped island of Ofoo is 31 m. from E. to W., including the pan- handle strip toward the E., and 13 m. from N. to S. Area, 2 sq. m. The star- shaped island of Oloosinga, E. of Ofoo, is about 1 sq. m., and 3 islets or rocks. Total, 84 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The island of Tutuila is rugged in its general topography, having 2 peaks, Man- tafao, 2,353 ft., and Peoa, 1,469 ft. high, near Pago-Pago. Tau or Manua I. has a central cone 2,500 ft. high, from which the surface drops in all directions to the coast. Ofoo, Oloosinga, and Anun also indicate volcanic origin. In the channel between Tau or Manua and Oloosinga lies a submarine volcano. Anun is a cone 65 ft. high. BAYS AND HARBORS. The island of Tutuila in landlocked and sheltered Pago-Pago, on S. shore, has the finest harbor in the S., if not in entire Pacific Ocean. It also occupies, as the table of distances indicates, a strategic point in the vast commerce of the Pacific Ocean and also in any naval operations in that quarter of the globe. Its area and freedom from shoal places, having from 5 to 36 fms., would enable it to receive the entire naval force of the United States, and the fact that but 2 vessels can enter it at the same time renders it impregnable against attack by assault. The coaling station on its shore is so surrounded by high bluffs that it could not be reached by the shells of an enemy. The mountain peaks afford ample protection against the force of the violent winds which at certain seasons sweep across the ocean. The harbor is not alone the only good one in the entire group, but the coast of the island is remarkably free from coral reefs. There are no less than 9 other bays, though smaller, on the coasts of Tutuila. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are many good roads connecting the coast with the interior, POPULATION AND TOWNS. On the larger islands are many small towns and villages, the aggregate population of which is 4,000. Pago-Pago is the chief town on the harbor of that name. Tula and Alao on the E. coast, Aluan and Fangalii on NW. coast, and Amanave on SW. coast are villages of local importance. On Tau or Manua are 7 villages, on Ofoo 2, and on Oloosinga also 2. 904 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The dependent islands of Tutuila according to size are Tau or Manua, Ofoo, Oloo- singa, Anun (Pilot), Bartlett, and Vatia, the last 3 off the Tutuila coast. PRODUCTS. The vegetable products are almost entirely for home consumption. Coffee, cotton, ginger, and arrowroot are cultivated. There is an export of copra. Fruits are also abundant. The forests are limited in value owing to exposure to the ocean winds. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The presence of United States war vessels represents the sovereignty of the United States. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Under the tripartite treaty with Great Britain and Germany in 1899 the United States became possessed of these islands. The civil government is represented by the consuls of the respective powers, with the political seat of administration at Upolo, the British island, 36 m. to the NE. (See Samoan Is.) TUY (twee), Sp.; pueblo in extreme W. Batangas, Luzón, on Muntinlupa Riv. and on highway 24 m. NE. of Batangas, capital, by way of Tala, connected with Balayán, Lian, Nasugbú, and Alfonso by highway. Pop., 10,150. TUYÔ (too-yaw') (means dry), Tag.; hamlet in TWINS, for.; 2 islets in entrance to bay on NW. coast of Dinagat I., off N. coast Surigao, Mindanao, 2 m. off shore and midway be- tween Desolación and Berrugosa Pts. TWO PEAKS, for.; mountain summit E. of Catar- pueblo of Balanga, Bataan, Luzon, on an estuary, NW. shore Manila Bay. man I., W. coast of Camiguin I., off N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao, and serves as landmark of approach to that part of island. SM ULUGAN BAT BAKOG Cox VOZ Yo 1733 MENOR PETENS COPHOTOTHO WASHINGTON DC C arter s Doc 28.0 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 905 UAG (wahg), nat.; point in Cebú. UGBÚN (oog-boon'), ver.; point on E. shore of UAIDAJÓN (wy-dah-hohn'), ver. northernmost of Samar, S. of Matinao. Gigantes Is., 1: by 1 m., lying 13 m. E. of Bu- UGUIAO (00-geeah-oh), ver.; hamlet in N. cen- lacaue Pt., off extreme NE. Panay. tral Leyte, 2 m. S. of Jaro. UANIVAN (wah-neel-vahn), nat.; island near SE. UGUIS (00'-gees), ver.; pointon S. side of entrance shore of Pujada Bay, SE. coast of Dávao, to Mayo Bay and on SE. shore of Guanguan Mindanao, between Batiano and Taganilao Pen., on E. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. Pts. bay on E. coast of Sámar, lat. 12° 8' 40' N. UATAMAMA (wah-tah-mah'-mah), ver.; hamlet ÚGUIT (00'-geet), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Súbic, on r. bank of tributary of Pulangui Riv., 2 m. within boundary of Misamis, with Cota- Zambales, Luzón. bato, Mindanao. UGUT (0o-goot). nat.; river in N. of Sorsogón, Luzón, near boundary of Albay, flowing S., UATO (wah'-toh), ver.; hamlet on N. side of mouth of important river from W., emptying empties into sea on that coast. into Lanao Lake on its SW. shore, Misamis, - hamlet near W. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón, Mindanao. lat. 12° 55' N. UAUA (wah'-wah), nat.; tributary of Agusan Riy., UHUBU (00-hoof-boo), nat.; point N. coast Sulu entering on opposite side, 2 m. above Espe- I., Sulu A., NE. of Sulu. ranza, Surigao, Mindanao. UHUL (00-hool'), ver.; hamlet on 1. shore of Bad- UBAI (00%-by), nat.; hamlet in pueblo of Talibón, barán Riv., 14 m. N. of Dumarao, in E. central Bohol, on N. coast. Cápiz, Panay. UBAN (ool-bahn), nat.; point in NE. Leyte. ÚJUT (00'-hoot), ver.; river in Mindanao. UBAO (00-bah'-oh). ver.. hamlet on s. slope of ULA (00-lah'), nat.; hamlet in Ambos Camarines. Ange Mt., Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon. Luzón, lat. 13° 41' N. ÚBAY (00'-by), nat.; pueblo on NE. coast of Bo- ULAGIG (0o-lah-heeg'), ver.; river in N. central hol, 52 m. NE. of Tagbilaran. Pop., 3,552. Bohol, which finds its outlet to sea through - point on S. coast of Leyte, 2 m. E. of Maa- Inabonga Riv. at Lauis Pt., on NW.coast, sin. ULIAJAN (00-lyah'-hahn), nat.; mountain in UBIÁN (00-byahn), ver.; hamlet on NE. side of Antique, Panay, 6 m. E. of Bugasón. South Ubián I., Cinapusan grp., Sulu A.; in- ULIÁN (00-lyahn'), nat.; river in Panay. habitants largely engaged in trade with plant- ÚLING (00'-leeng), nat.; mountain in Cordillera ers of interior and pearl and other fisheries; Central, 7 m. E. of Pinamungajan, W. coast in 1869 H. M. gun vessel Dwarf destroyed of Cebu. town for piracy committed on English | ULINGAO (0o-leeng'-ah-oh), ver.; stream uniting schooner. with Tinuagan forming tributary of Ilog UBIÁN, NORTH; island 3 by 21 m., of Pangu Riv., Negros Occidental. tárang grp., 7 m. S. of Pangutárang I., Sulu 1 ULIP (00-leep'), ver.; river of Abra, Luzon, rises A. Largest hamlet on SW. side is Luang across S. border in Lepanto and flowing NW. bunah, in deep bight, and well protected by reef. Another hamlet, Aloh, lies in interior, • enters Abra Riv, at Mayabo. and out of view. ULLUD (00-lyood'), ver.; point on E. coast of UBIÁN, SOUTH; island on N. side of Camba chan- Cebú, 4 m. S. of Nayilon. nel, Cinapusan grp., in Sulu A., im. S. of Lo ULTRA (ool-trah), Sp.; island in W. waters of ran I., of triangular shape, with apex to NW.; Nochebuena channel into great bay s. of principal houses are on NE. and sw. sides; Tawi Tawi I., Sulu A. best cultivated and most thickly populated of this group; surrounded by coral reef, with ULUGAN, or BANOG (00-loo'-gahn, bah-nohg'), several islets, highest 8 ft. high at low water; nat.; bay 8 m. deep within NW head, 2 m. passage between Ubian and Loran I. is navi- wide at entrance between Cordelia Pt, and gable only for small vessels. Broken Head, W. coast of Paragua, near 8. boundary with Moro Palawan. Observa- UBOL (00-ball'), nat.; river emptying into bight tory Rock, off N. point of Rita I., estab- E. of Bunauan, S. by E. of Catbalogan, W. lishes geographical position lat. 10° 6' 11" coast of Sámar. N., lon, 118° 46' 24" E. Easily accessible to UBONG (0o-bong'), ver.; pueblo in Nueva Viz steamers. Overlooked by peaks Sangbauen, caya, Luzón. Pop., 977. 1,816 ft. high, Bentoan Harbor, 960 ft., and a UBUHUN (00-boo'-hoon), nat.; hamlet in W. Bo- cone 1,120 ft. high. N. part of E.shore of bay is bold and of redish barren aspect. Kai-ho- hol, 2 m. SE. of Tubigon. lo and Ba-he-li empy near SW. corner of bay. UBUNDAN (0o-boon'-dahn), ver.; mountain in Antique, in great bend of Sibalón Riv., 4 m. -anchorage in Ulugan Bay, SW. coast Para- inland from W. coast of Panay and 6 m. NE. gua, Palawan. of San Pedro. ULULIN (00-loo'-leen), nat.; hamlet in Lepanto, UDLUD (ood-lood'), nat.; point in Cebú. Luzón, 4 m. NW. of Cayán. Pop., 271. UDLUN (ood-loon'), nat.: mountain in Cordiller: ULUT (oo-loot'), nat.: river emptying through Central, 8 m. ESE. of Pinamungajan, W. coast 2 mouths into Pacific Ocean in E. coast of of Cebu. Sámar. Fountain branches Bacoot and To- UGAL (00-gahl'), ver.; bay E. of Putiao Pt., on SW. gas rise on E. side of divide between waters of Ulut, flowing E. into Pacific Ocean, and coast of sorsogón, Luzón. Bac-hao Barīgahón, flowingSw.into sea chan- - hamlet near bay of that name, on SW, shore nel on W. side of Samar. Has 14 tributaries of Sorsogón, Luzón. on N. and same number on S. in course of 28 UGAMUT (00-gah-moot'). nat.: island off N. shore m.; carries 4 ft. on bar at high tide. Between of Sámar I., W. and SW.of Cabauan Grande I., Macati and Catalaban is foul anchorage in of Balicuatro grp., to which it belongs. 7 ft. over coral beds. 906 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. UMAGUI (00-mah-gee), ver.; hamlet in Pangasi UMINGAN (00-ming'-ahn), Tag.; town in Nueva nán, Luzon, 16 m. S. of Lingayen. Ecija, Luzón. (Also Humingan.) UMAQUI-IN (0o-mah-key'-een), nat.; hamlet in UMIREI (0o-mee-ray'), ver.; small river empty- pueblo of Bais, on E. coast of Negros Oriental, ing into ocean S. of Dingalan Bay, Infanta, N. of Tayasan. Luzón. UMAN (ool-mahn), ver.; point on SW. coast of Leyte, in front of town of Bató. UMUS (oo'-moos), nat.; town on N. coast of Caga- UMANOR (00-mah-nohr), ver.; river emptying yán Sulu, Sulu A. into sea on S. coast of Negros Oriental, 7. m. UNAMAO (00-nah-mah-oh), ver.; southernmost S. of Tolón. of General grp. of small islands, 2 m. S. of UMANÚN (00-mah-noon'), ver.; N. point of Lianga Capunuypugan Pt., NE. coast of Surigao, Bay on NE. coast of Surigao, Mindanao. Aran- Mindanao. gosa I. lies short distance N. of this point, being separated from mainland by narrow UNGÁS (oong-ahs'), nat.; mountain in Cordillera channel. Central, 6 m. E. of Matutinao, W. coast of UMARURUN (00-mah-roof-roon), nat.; point on Cebú. SE. coast Dávao, Mindanao. ÚNGAY (oong/-i), ver.; point on SE. extreme of UMAUAS (00-mah-wahs), nat.; hamlet in pueblo Rapurapu I., off E. shore of Albay, Luzón. of Calbiga, Sámar, on E. coast. UNGUT (oon-goot'), nat., affluent of Pampanga UMBANO (oom-bah'-noh), ver.; hamlet on r. bank Chico Riv., taking ENE. course, unites its of Bicol Riy., Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon, waters with that stream in Tarlac, Luzón. 12 m. S. by E. of Nueva Cáceres, and 24 m. W. by N. of Bula. | UNION (00-nyohn'), Sp.; village in W. Luzón. UNIÓN (LA), LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF. (Lah Oo-nyohn', Sp.) Capital: San Fernando, lat. 16° 39' N., lon. 120° 19' 30" E. Area: 867 sq. m. Population: 110,164. Race: Ilocano and Pangasinan, with Igorrotes in the mountains. Language: Ilocano, Pangasinan, and Igorrote. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzon. Table of distances. m. 39 From San Fernando to Lingayen, Pangasinan, S. Manila, s by E.. Vigan, N..... 150 64 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province or Unión, one of the earliest, having been established by Spain in 1849 out of the comandancia of Agno, Luzon, is the most S. of the 3 lying inland, near the China Sea coast, between the extreme N. and the gulf of Lingayen. It is bounded on the N. by Ilocos Sur, on the E. by Lepanto and Benguet, on the S. by Pangasinán, and on the W. by the China Sea. AREA. It measures 51 m. from N. to S., 31 m. from E. to W. in the N., and 10 m. in the same direction near the S. boundary. Area, 867 sq. m. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The coast line and a continuation of the Cordillera Central form the E. boundary, the highest summit being Mt. Biumaca, 19 m. E. by N. of San Fernando and Mt. Santo Tomás, 7,418 ft. high, E. of Agoó. From these heights the W. side drops suddenly to plains along the coast not more than 10 to 15 m. distant. All the rivers except one passing Naguilían and 2 others in the S., have their rise on the W. water- shed and empty into the China Sea. BAYS AND HARBORS. About 20 m. of the coast of this province lies along the China Sea, and 25 m. forms the E. shore of Lingayen Gulf. The following are the bays and harbors: Lingayen; San Fernando Pt. forms the E. head to Lingayen Bay. Along the E. shore of the gulf are a number of small inlets used by native crafts. San Fernando; port with 2 anchorages formed by the point of that name. The N., 54 to 7 fms., is exposed to N. winds, the S. port is from 6 to 6} fms. The town on the highland is in frequent communication with Manila. San Juan; the port N. of San Fernando. No. 4246 San Fernando Harbor 120° PHILIPPINE 209 224 ISLAND 298 203 144 289 279 397 284 M 130 200 18 131 97 200 bo 263 259 176 ro hrd. 1616 31,29 29 29 32 40 TO 135 39 95 35 47 100 Oo 31 30 29 31 30/27 33 38 0 33 38 39 GGRE 01 131 ford. 125 152 hrd 213 32 132 hod. - 1 38 30135 35 2829:35 36 72 2009 86 rky 36 60 124 24 125 129 234 33 46 37 32 248 M 182 Wêz 248 34 320 32 34 135 130 ard 70 34 stk. M. 38 116 140 88 139 rhy 37 34 37 37 47 64 108 hrders. S. 220 138 127 120 20 85 217 73 95 128 And 133 129 134 Stk. carlatar Lagoon 108 IAI SE%S. Magnetic 205 hra rky 261 stk. 129 hra 16 38+ IN 192 SEK 56 so hra 08 77 196 hrd 19 185 hrd 98 32: 334,12% 3211 hrd 52+ 97 88 190 106 524 567 22 nky 22 hrd. 72 36 29 20 20 hrd 24H ata 2012 23 1224 122 214404 136 rky 24 1 ** 10* hra 149 13 26. /ry a 20 2016 ) 2028 74 2017 20 ist! 23 23 334 hrdy2 12 . 19 34 hrd 40251 200 197 65 hrd hrd bis 30 57 15 20 9 142 hrd | 234 hrd 20 ky 160 152 142 hrd. S. 60 22:23 128 hrd. 140 131 27 224 89 O 281_123 20 222 261 25 195, 16 S. 19 hrd. rky 1918 127 124 65 137 244221 137 43 34 104 14 16 Deky 19 21 0 71 PO 25+ 251 34 5.12 16 2 50 " " 22 184 204,25 hrd 11 m 314 180 8 109 160 05 stki Irky 1191 180 20% 73 74 165 disk 73 166 stk 135 SS. Nogne hrd 175 142 16 SIK . skt 345 24 50+ 27 92 3318 53* 16 hrd ca 12 7 168 37 105 S. Fernando 34 284 234 71 70 hrd 63 351 hrd 50 534 587 1384 66 155 6906 66 19 STA 29 581 SEK 50+ 15 stk 86 55+ 45 584 67 Triky, 1131 7 49 25+ 1282 34+ 261 211 30 1827 3 34 291 201 63 66 6 477 571 sbi 534 Stk. 19 Variation 37 90 48 2€ Sky stk 39 hrd. s. Annuaire.se 1126 10 50 594 30 463t 33+ 123 254 504 564 61 $38 38t 148 201 hra 6065 124 304 54 2529 rky VA FERNAND 574 hrd 39 201 341 50 381 22 on 129 116 35 60 5+ 537 Sot 55+ stk. 336 281 334 381 118 + 234 TK stk. N. 41 3t it 156 59 146 56 54 50 52 50 set Telegraph sta 19 S. 55 hra. 24 154 26 35 ou 354 484 IIS 166 37 38 55 2561456 8774 556 52+ 314 491 hurch 524 S56 146 S 491 . 401 48 56 527 stk. 407 hd 03 48 51 474 48 313 13 521 52 Sod 134 110 88 16 18 382 424 461 112 rky 25 21 15 x 5 56 481 2413 21 45 SOM 401 321 491 241 158 83 78 78 90 126 stk. 153 100 82 rky 130 126 10 166 19 113 119 14 81 2323 20,26 7252 27 rky 28 88 25 29 34 84 M 30 150 101 M 33 37 81 127 37 15 AR rky 37 122 SLK 108 86 rky 78 114 M 150 156 stk. 52 REASURY DEPARTMENT 109 89 36 stk 125 PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 105 88 78 72 ky 58 68 stk 58 rky 122 129 78 OS 73 LUZON, WEST COAST SAN FERNANDO HARBOR 36 113 32 48 43 34 123 21 83 160 88 27 28 Scale 15000 Survey by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey 1901 40 31 121 72 80 Soundings and heights in foet 81 hro 120 stk 101 sch Geographical Position Lighthouse Lot 16'37'42" N Long. 120° 16'36" E of Gr .. 105 89 5 78 rky. rky. Tides The tides are usually diurnal in this region the semidiurnal tides being very small when they occur The plane of reference is the mean of the lower low water Tropic high water interval 8h 48m. b - low- 6h. 02m a Muan higher high water height 1.4 feet (approx) Tropic tides occur when the moon is near either tropic, la farthest north or south of the equator Intervals marked are to be added to the time of the moon's upper ansit for north declination and to the lower transit for south declination biter vals marked bare to be added to the time of the upper transit for south declination and to the lower transit for north declination The predicted time and height of the tide can be obtained from the TIDE TABLES published annually by the US Coast and Geodetic Survey 165 FIS hrd 52 9 01 78 Botton Ssand, M mud, bu blue, sky. rocky, hra, hard, sh soft, s ers. Coare ticky 70 69 55 107 108 131 120 62 66 57 2123 5 108 109 WB 24 16 24 RESENR CNR 23 139 20 Nausical Mile 165 241725 41 B 12 7 89 136 M 48 Cilometer 23 24) 35 37 58 66 State Me 90 78 73 38 60 56 5 89 120°17' B THE NORRIS PETERS CO.PHOTO-UTHO, WASHINGTON, OC U.S. Coast and Geodeuc Survey, OH Tittmann Superintendent Manila Sub-Office Advance Print, Feb. 1902 San Fernando Harbor No. 4246 :: S Doc 2 80 57 1 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 907 LIGHT-HOUSES. The approach to the gulf of Lingayen, as well as to the harbor, is marked by a light-house on the S. point of entrance to San Fernando, lat. 16° 37' 30'' N., lon. 120° 17' 14'' E.; light 1 flash red, 30 ft. above the sea; iron tower 20 ft. high; visible 12 m. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The highway which follows the China Sea coast from the extreme N. parallels the entire coast of this province. The telegraph line follows the same route, and also a projected line of the railroad as a proposed continuation of the Manila and Dagupan R. R. There are no roads extending any distance in the interior. Rrojected linof this pro tollows the POPULATION AND TOWNS. The registered population is 110,164, mostly of the Ilocano and Pangasinan races, with a number of Igorrotes in the mountains, each having their own dialect. The following is the division of Unión into pueblos and their respective population, according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men. Women. Total. 4, 441 3,458 3,395 5,827 Unión: Agoó .. Aringay .... Bacnotan... Balaoang ... Bangar ...... Bauang...... Cabá... Naguilian .. Namagpacán. Rosario ........ San Fernando. San Juan .... Santo Tomás .. Tubao ...... 4, 643 3,983 1,421 4,810 4, 653 3,689 3, 443 6,277 4,974 3, 903 1, 484 4,648 4,419 1, 373 6,152 5,211 2,489 3,080 9,094 7,147 6,838 12, 104 9, 617 7,886 2,905 9, 458 8,849 2,834 12,185 9, 716 4,863 6,519 4,430 1,461 6,033 4,705 3,439 54, 420 2,374 Total ......... 55,595 110,015 Estimated 1901, 110,464; Cn. 1896, 118,075. The population is distributed among 14 towns, and 240 villages and hamlets. All the towns except Naguilían and Rosario are on the main highway, which touches the China Sea coast at short intervals the entire distance. The following are the towns: San Fernando; the capital, on the port of the same name, a short distance N. of the center of the coast line. Pop., 12,892. Agoó; on the main road, 21 m. S. of San Fernando. Pop., 10,050. Aringay; a telegraph and military station on the main highway, 16 m. S. of San Fernando. Pop., 3,044. Bacnotan; on the main highway, 52 m. N. of San Fernando. Pop., 6,555. Balaoang; on the main road, 26 m. N. of San Fernando. Pop., 12,242. Bangar; on the main road, 2 m. S. of the Ilocos Sur boundary, and 19 m. N. of San Fernando Pop., 9,000. Bauang; 6 m. S. of San Fernando, Pop., 7,701. Cabá; on the main road, 13 m. S. of San Fernando. Pop., 4,164. Naguilían; at the junction of a river, 9 m. SE. of San Fernando and 8 m. above its mouth at Bauang. Pop., 2,405. Namagpacán; on the main highway, 14 m. N. of San Fernando. Pop., 8,630. Rosario; in the extreme SE. corner of the province, 30 m. SSE. of San Fernando. Pop., 2,246. San Juan; on the main road, 2 m. N. of San Fernando. Pop., 10,211. Santo Tomás; on the main road, 22 m. S. of San Fernando. Pop., 6,481. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. Along the 45 m. of coast line there are no dependent islands off this province. 908 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The principal crops are tobacco, rice, corn, cotton, sugar cane, chocolate, and nutritious roots. The lands are valued at 4,000,000 pesos. Value of sugar, tobacco, and rice lands from 60 to 150 pesos per hectare under Spain; advanced under United States rule. MINERALS. No indications of minerals are reported from this province. FORESTS. On the mountains is produced a large quantity of sibucao, one of the most valuable dye plants in the archipelago. FRUITS. Pineapples, oranges, and bananas grow in large quantities. INDUSTRIES. The raising of live stock is one of the principal industries. Recent statistics give the number at 37,800—21,200 carabaos, 8,200 cattle, 5,500 horses, and the remainder hogs. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. On February 15, 1902, the province of La Unión was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: San Fernando.a $ CONDITIONS. "The province is perfectly peaceful and this condition has existed for over a year. People are all at work in the fields and at their various professions. Civil govern- ment is accepted on every side and there is no possible reason to think that they will ever change in this feeling under the present form of government. The treasurer reports that each municipality will close the present year with a balance on hand and without a debt unpaid. The provincial treasury will have on hand approxi- mately $10,000 gold, $6,000 of which will be appropriations for roads, bridges, build- ings, etc. * * * Everything looks very bright for the new year; all the provincial officers are very sanguine as to our future. January 1 will see complete reorgani- zation of municipal police. They will be uniformed alike throughout, thoroughly equipped, and perfectly efficient. The organization of the interprovincial mail ser- vice is working on schedule-time card. There are no ladrones in Unión at present and we believe we can keep them out." (Official report of the provincial governor of Unión, December, 1901.) CIVIL GOVERNMENT. unicipal policeicient. The orgame are no ladronese The province of La Unión was created under the provincial organization act of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the P. C. August 15, 1901, to embrace that terri- tory in the island of Luzón known as the province of La Unión.' PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] $1,800 1,300 Governor .. Secretary .. Treasurer Supervisor. Fiscal ... 1, 700 1,300 Allowance for necessary and traveling expenses not exceeding $2.50 per day as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities of the province to meet on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October to consider improve- ments needed in the province and for other purposes prescribed by law. a Telegraph. $ Post and money-order office. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 909 UNIP (00-neep'), ver.; small cluster of islets com- ÚRSULA; outlying and most NE. island of Bala- posed of Unip, Sibanag, Cabakian (Tabuiaka), bac grp., off SW. coast Palawan, 1 sq.m., 21 m. and several islets W. of SW. shore of Dinagat due E. of Cape Buliluyan, S. extreme of Pala- I., and on E. side of Surigao Strait, off N. wan, and 11 m. NE. of Bugsuc I. coast Surigao, Mindanao. Unip, northern | USADA (00-sah'-dah), Sp.; horseshoe S. shaped most of cluster, is 2 m. in length and 1 m. in island, 2 sq. m., several miles S. of Parigu- width. tárang I., SE. of Tikul, of that group, Sulu A. UNISAN (00-nee'-sahn), Tag.; pueblo in Tayabas, Lagoon on W. side with opening into sea Luzón. Pop., 3,195. over which native boats run at high water - cluster of rocks in N. waters of SW. en- from secure harbor. Island is inhabited and trance to Guimarás Strait, S. of Guimarás I., numbers of canoes and prahus are used in off E. coast of Iloilo, Panay, about 74 m. SE. trade and fishing. of Lusarang Pt. USIGAN (00-see'-gahn), nat.; mountain 4,232 ft. UNPUL (oon-pool'), nat.; island off sw. shore of high, in W. range of NW. Panay, on boundary Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. between Antique and Cápiz, 9 m. ENE. of Se- baste. UNUS (00'-noos), nat.; town on S. shore of La- pun Lapun anchorage, Cagayan Sulu Is., SW. USON (00-sohn'), ver.; island 4 m. E. and W., waters Sulu Sea, between Balábac grp. and forming along sea front of Usón port, S. coast Sulu A. of Busuanga I., Calamianes grp., between Paragua Palawan, and Mindoro. Has several UNUTAT (00-noo-taht'), ver.; S. head of Inunucan hills, one 672 ft. high. Bay, on W. shore of Masbate I., Visayas. - port on S. coast of Busuanga I., Calamianes UPAD (00-pahd'), nat.; mountain in W. range of grp., between Paragua, Palawan, and Min- Panay, on line of boundary between Antique doro, between Usón I. and shore, Island of and Iloilo, 13 m. E. of Sibalom. Baquit divides this large indentation of coast ÚPAG (00'-pahg), nat.; summit 492 ft., on SE. into Usón port on S. and Dipulao port on N. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of Zambales, Offers spacious shelter, being reached by en- Luzón. trances 1,260 ft. wide at either end of Usón I. UPAO (00-pah'-oh), nat.; crater in central range - town in pueblo of Palanas, on SE. shore of of Iloilo, Panay, 8 m. WSW. of Lambúnao. bay of that name, Masbate, Masbate grp., UPATA (00-pah-tah); river on N. shore of Polillo Visayas, 15 m. SE. of Masbate. Pop., 2,105. I., off E. coast Infanta, Luzón, entering bay - bay on NE. shore of Masbate I., at foot of immediately SE. of Panampalan Pt.; rises at Bagulipat Mt. Town of Usón is on its SE. head of NW. of valleys descending to coast shore. from Malolo Mt. - point on shore of Masbate I., Visayas. UPONG (00-pohng'), nat.; mountain 2 m. E. of USUCAN (00-800'-cahn), nat.; point on N. coast of Salcedo, in extreme SE. Sámar. Misamis, Mindanao, in approach to Inamu- UPUPLAS (00-poo'-plahs), ver.; town in Ambu can port from NW. rayan, Lepanto-Bontoc, Luzón. UTTO (oot'-toh), nat.; village on Kobulanang URAJARAO (00-rah-hah-rah'-oh), ver.; islet off S. tributary of Bacat Riv., Cotabato, Mindanao. coast of Iloilo, Panay, near Naso Pt. UTUL (00-tool'), nat.; mountain about center of URBIZTONDO (oor-beeth-tohn'-doh), Sp.; pueblo pueblo of Bangui, Ilocos Norte, Luzón. on r. bank of Agno Riv.,15 m. s. of Lingayen, USUM (00-soom'), ver.; hamlet on Daram chan- in Pangasinan, Luzón. Pop., 5,182. nel, extreme E. coast of Biliran I., off NW. URDANETA (oor-dah-nay'-tah), Sp.; pueblo in E. coast of Leyte. Pangasinan, Luzón, on road between Villasis ÚTAG (00'-tahg) (brains), nat.; hamlet on E. shore and Santa Bárbara, 22 m. ESE. of Lingayen. of Lake Lanao, Misamis, Mindanao. Pop., 16,588. UTLÂ (oot-lah'), ver.; hamlet on road E. of Santo - mountain 6,214 ft. high, 5 m. E. of Túbay Tomás, Batangas, Luzón. Riy., between Maynit Lake and coast at Bu- túan Bay; one of lofty summits of range of UWAAN (00-wah'-ahn), ver.; island, low and cov- mountains along W. shore of N. peninsula of ered with trees, NE. of Bilangúan, Laparan Surigao, Mindanao. grp., Sulu A. URSULA (oor'-s00-lah). Sp.: island 1 m. in length. | UYON (00-yohn'), ver.; hamlet in Capiz, Panay, low and wooded, in lat. 8° 20' N., lon, 1170 3 m. N. of E. of Sigma and on tributary of 29' E., 10 m, S. of Church Pt., SE. coast of Malinannang Riv. Palawan. UYUNGAN (00-yoong'-ahn), ver.; river in Panay. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 911 VABANOG (vah-bah-nohg'), ver.; point in Leyte. VÁSIG (vah'-seeg), ver.; river taking its source VAC (vahk), ver.; town in Benguet, Luzon. Pop., near headwaters of Suribao Riv., flows into 1,000. San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, SW. Sámar. VALDERRAMA (vahl-day-rrah-mah), Sp.; town VASÍRANG (vah-see'-rahng), nat.; point on W. shore of Panguil Bay, 1 m. SW. of Misamis, 8 m. from its mouth, on W. coast. Pop., Misamis port, Misamis, Mindanao, 4,372. VAY (vie), ver.; point in S. Mindanao. - pueblo in W. central Antique, Panay, at VEGA (vayl-gah), Sp.; point s. head of Matnog junction of Maiatusa and Caragauan tributa- ries of Bacong Riv. VALDÉS (vahl-days'), Sp.; hamlet 2 m. on S. Luzón. shore of bay, opposite Escalante, NE. coast of - islet off N. shore Usón I., off S. coast Bu- Negros Occidental. suanga I., Calamianes grp., between Paragua, VALENCIA (vah-layn'-thyah), Sp.; hamlet on W. Puala wan, and Mindoro. side of Cordillera Central, 2 m. E. of Barili, VENY (vayl-nee), ver.; hamlet on S. coast of ex- Cebu. treme W. projection of Antique, Panay. - hamlet in W. Leyte, on one of E. tributaries VERA (vay'-rah), Sp.; pueblo near W. shore of of Bao Riv., 5 m. N. of Ormọc. Casilaran Bay, Dávao Gulf, Mindanao, 34 m. - pueblo on S. coast of Bohol, 4 m. W. of Gar SSW. of Dávao. cía Hernández. VERBENA (vayr-bay'-nah), Sp.; channel in Tawi - town on r. bank of Pulangui Riv., in E. Tawi grp., Sulu A. Misamis, Mindanao, 402 m. SSE. of Cagayan de Misamis. VERDE (vayr'-day), Sp.; crater near coast in ex- treme SW. corner of Leyte, 2m. S. of Caja- VALENTÍN. (vah-layn-teen'), Sp.; point on SE. guaan. coast of Iloilo, Panay, lat. 10° 30' N. strait (channel) between Luzon and Min- VALLADOLID (vah-lyah-doh-leed'), Sp.; pueblo doro I. (also called Channel of Isla Verde), of Negros Occidental, on E. shore of Guimaras connecting China and Visayan seas, and Strait, 16 m. S. of Bacolod and 11 m. E. of forming end of S. steamer route, in connec- nearest land of Guimarás I. Pop., 14,000. tion with San Bernardino Strait, across archi- VALLE (vah'-lyay), Sp.; pueblo in Nueva Ecija, pelago, between United States and Manila, Luzón. - island 87 m. NW. to SE. and 2m. NE, to VALLE HERMOSO, or BAGAAINOS (vah'-lyay SW., 37 m. S. of Arenas Pt., off S. coast of Ba- ayr-moh'-soh, bah-gah-i'-nohs), Sp.; E. coast tangas, Luzon, in mid-channel between Lu- hamlet of Negros Oriental, m. S. of sea end zón and Mindoro Is., 4 m. E. of Escarceo Pt., of N. divisional line between 2 provinces. N. coast of Mindoro, One of marks of navi- VALLEY CONE, for.; remarkable conical hill gation through this channel between Manila lying beneath 3 sharp peaks on range imme- and S. islands of Philippines. (See Verde diately in front of Victoria Peak to Steep Pt., Strait.) 4. m. NE. of Deep Bay Pt., and forming N. -- island 94 m. SE. of Barbacán, off opening of side of valley at head of which is Valley Green Island Bay, E. coast of Paragua, Pa- Cone, in central Palawan. Plain in front densely wooded. - point in Pangasinan, Luzón, at E. entrance VALVERDE (vahl-vayrl-day), Sp.; hamlet on SE. to small bay in NE. corner of Zambales; N. coast of Iloilo, Panay, 41 m. SW. of San end of boundary between these provinces Joaquín. ends on Verde Pt. VAMACÁN (vah-mah-cahn'), ver.; hamlet on E. - point on E. shore of Palaui I. and w. coast of Sámar, 4 m. SE. of Tubig. headland Negra Pt., E. entrance to channel between that island and extreme NW. land VANGUARDIA (vahn-gwar-dyah), sp.; islet of of NE. peninsula of Cagayán, Luzón. Linapacan chain, 31 m. NW. of Linapacan I., - point in NE. Zambales, Luzon. off NE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. - (S. channel); passage S. of Verde I., be- VANTAY (vahn-tie'), nat.; point at mouth of tween Verde I. and Mindoro, and connects Cagayán Riv., N. coast of Misamis, Mindanao. Mindoro and China seas. (See Northern VARADERO (vah-rah-day'-roh), Sp.; point on channel.) SW. of opening of bay of that name, N. coast - (N. channel); passage N. of Verde I., be- of Mindoro. tween Verde I, and Batangas, Luzon, W. end of S. route across P. A., between Pacific - bay on N. coast of Mindoro. Best anchor- Ocean and China Sea and steamer track be- age bearing on Tibao (Calapan Pt.); gives 12 tween United States and Manila. Connects to 15 fms., but not desirable in bad weather. Mindoro and China seas. - bay between Boaya and Varadero Pts., 14 m., and if m. deep, on SE. shore of extreme | VERDE, or SIGNAL (vayr'-day), Sp.; islet SW. of N. peninsula, on N. coast of Mindoro, 14 m. Caisian I., E. of Maytiaguid, 1 m. off E. coast NNW. of Calapán. Town of Galera lies on of Paragua, Palawan. NW. shore. Bay affords excellent anchorage VERDE DEL NORTE, VERDE DEL SUR (vayr'. for all classes of vessels in both monsoons, day dayl nohr'-tay, vayr'-day dayl soor). Sp.; 2 islands on E. coast of N. Palawan, immedi- weather. Visited by U. S. cruiser Wheeling ately N. of 8. boundary of Paragua with June 17, 18, 1899, taking formal possession. VASIAO (vah-see-ah'-oh), ver.; hamlet in pueblo | VERDES (vayrl-days) (green), Sp.; group of is- of Santa Rita, Sámar. lands off SE. coast of Paragua, Palawan. 912 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. VERECER (vay-ray-thayr'); point extreme NW. | VIGUAN (vee-goo'-ahn), ver.; hamlet on W. coast Tulián I., Dalrymple Harbor, NE. coast of of Cotabato, Mindanao, 114 m. SW. of Cota- Sulu I., Sulu A. bato. VERGARA (vayr-gah'-rah), Sp.; river emptying VILA (veel-lah), Sp.; hamlet in SE. Lepanto, Lu- into Davao Gulf, Dávao, Mindanao. (See zón. Pop., 241. Dávao Riv.) VILANVILAN (vee-lahn-veel-lahn), ver.; island - Spanish name of Davao, capital of Davao, which nearly closes mouth of Masingloc Riv. Mindanao. (See Dávao.) in SE. extreme of Zamboanga Pen., Minda- VERUELA (vay-rooay'-lah), Sp.; pueblo on r. nao; anchorage of refuge in Sw.gales from shore of Agusan Riv., 6 m. above its entrance Zamboanga. into Sadocun Lake, Butúan, Surigao, Minda VILAR (vee-lahr'), Sp.; pueblo on Soca Vilar nao. Riv. in S. central Bohol, 19 m. NE. of Tagbi- VIBANGON (vee-bahng'-ohn), nat.; river empty- laran. Pop., 6,665. ing on N. shore of Súbic Bay, SE. coast of VILLABA (vee-lyah'-bah), Sp.; pueblo at head of Zambales, Luzón, on E, side of Súbic. small bay on W. coast of Leyte, on main sea VICA (veel-cah), ver.; hamlet in Abra, Luzón, 9 channel, 29 m. from Bogô, on Cebú coast op- m. SW. of Bangued. posite. VÍCOL, or BÍCOL (veel-call, beel-call), nat.; river - town on W. coast of Leyte I., 4 m. from in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, rising on Petroleum, highly charged with paraffine, 4 S. slopes of Isarog Mt., receives numerous m. distant. Pop., 3,257.. affluents and empties into Bató Lake. VILLAFLORES (vee-lyah-floh'-rays), Sp., hamlet VICTORIA (vic-toh'-ryah), Sp.; pueblo in Tarlac, in Cápiz, Panay, 6 m. S. of Mayón. Luzón, at crossroads 6 m. NE. of Tarlac, and VILLAGE, for.: rock in S. part of Puerto Princesa 2 m. SW. of outlet of Canarén Lagoon into Harbor (Port Royalist), E. coast of S. Palawan. Chico de la Pampanga Riv. Pop., 10,362. - bay 21 m. off shore, and from it Maltby I. - town in Leyte. bears sw. by W. 3 m., E. coast of Palawan; second highest peak 5,680 ft., in S. Pala many huts on shore. wan, 13, m. inland from Bahía Honda Pt., VILLAGE RANGE, for., summit 1,186 ft. high, N. of occupies central position on intermediate Triple Top Range, on SW. shore of Puerto range from which on either side extend ra Princesa (Port Royalist) Bay, E. coast of vines and deep gorges thickly wooded. Palawan. VICTORIA, NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LA (nways'- VILLA HERMOSA (vee'-lyah ayr-moh'-sah), Sp.; trah say-nyoh'-rah day lah vic-toh'-ryah), Sp.; hamlet 2 m. SW. of Villalón, NW. Leyte. town near junction of Maganuit with Mali- VILLALÓN, or MALBUG (vee-lyah-lohn', mahl- hao, 7 m. SW. of Manapla, Negros Occidental. boog'), Sp.; town on NE. coast of Leyte, oppo- Pop., 2,030. site Biliran I., 3 m. across sea channel be- VICTORIAS (vic-toh'-ryahs). Sp.; town in Ne tween islands and 47 m. NW. of Tacloban. gros Occidental. - point in NW. Leyte. VIGA (vee'-gah); Sp.; point on SE. coast of Sor VILLANGAAN (vee-yahn-gah'-ahn), ver.; islet in sogón, Luzón, lat. 12° 30' 20" N., and forming Tapul grp., Sulu A., lat. 5° 41' N. with Pandán Pt. bay of Matnog (Matnok). VILLA NEUEVA (veel-lyah noo-ay'-vah), Sp.; - town on main road on W. shore of Albay hamlet in Misamis, Mindanao. Bay, 31 m. N. of Albay, Luzon. Pop., 2,896. VILLAREAL (vee-lyah-ray-ahl'), Sp.; gulf 10 m. - town on river emptying into Magamanoc S. of Catbalogan, formed of s. waters of Ma- port, Catanduanes I., NE. of Albay, Luzón. queda Bay on W. coast of Sámar; Buad I. VIGAN (vee'-gahn), ver.; gap (Abra de Vigan), shelters it from NW. 9 m. inland, in mountains of Ilocos Sur, YILLAREAL, or UMANAS (vee- lyah - ray-ahl', Luzón. 00-mah'-nahs), Sp.; pueblo of importance on mountain on E, shore of Taal Bay, Batan- S. shore of gulf of same name, 15 m. SSE. of gas, Luzón. Catbalogan, Sámar. Pop., 6,091. - pueblo, p.o., and m. o. oflice, capital of Ilo- VILLASIS (vee-lyah'-sees), Sp.; hamlet in Pan- cos Sur, Luzón, and one of centers in Luzón. gasinan, Luzon. On island formed by 2 of outlets of delta - pueblo on r. bank of Agno Riv., in Panga- of Abra Riv., 2. m. NË of anchorage and 108 sinán, Luzón; at junction of several important m. by coast road N. of Dagupan, where it highways, 24 m. SE. of Lingayen, and at connects with railroad to Manila, 105 m., or crossing of Agno. N. boundary of Nueva total 213 m. from Vigan to Manila. Town Ecija is on opposite bank and Rosales but 2 enjoys excellent advantages of intercourse m. beyond. Pop., 11,968. with interior by means of Abra Riv. Has some fine buildings, among them cathedral, VILLAVICENCIO (vee- lyah - vee - thayn'- thyoh), episcopal palace, casa real, court-house, ad- Sp.; island near S. head to Loog (Luk) Bay, ministration building, and council seminary. Lubang I. Pop., 19,000. | VILLAVICIOSA (vee-lyah-vee - thyoh'-sah), Sp.; VIGAN ROAD; well-sheltered anchorage, 10 fms. hamlet in Abra, Luzón, 12 m. Š. of Bangued. near shore. Vigan Riv. bears E. off Vigan, VILLAVIEJA (vee-lvah-vyay'-hah), Sp.; town Ilocos Sur, Luzón. (See Dile Pt.) extreme SW. of Abra, Luzon, 19 m. S. of Ban- gued. Pop., 859. VIGÍA (vee-heel-al), Sp.; town on W. shore of VILUCAO (vee-loo-cow'), nat.; point at extreme San Pedro and San Pablo Bay, E. coast of N. end of Ambil I., Lubang I., NW. of Min- Leyte, 2 m. SE. of Tolosa. doro. - summit 1,151 ft. high in SW. of Bongao I., 1 VINAFOAN (vee-nah-foh'-ahn), ver.: hamlet on Tawi Tawi grp., Sulu A. Several summits • r. bank of Bicol Riv., in Ambos Camarines to S. are 1,092, 882, and 872 ft. with Pajar (Sur), Luzón, 20 m. SE. of Nueva Cáceres. Mt., 826 ft. high, to SE., and another, 717 ft. to E.; village lies at foot of latter. VINALO (vee-nah'-loh), ver.; islet E. of Ibelbel I. near Balúan Pt., on E. shore of Malampaya - mountain in SW. part of Masbate I., Visa- Sound, Paragua, Palawan. yas, near shore and landmark for navigators. VINALUSAN (vee-nah-loo'-sahn), nat., river en- - point on E. side of entrance to Naro Bay, tering strait on SE. shore of Cebu, Visayas I., * Masbate I., Visayas. m. W. of Cebú. - point in E. Leyte. VINÁN (vee-nahn'), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of - mountain in Palawan. Biñang, Laguna, Luzón. (Also Binán). GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 913 VINAS (vee'-nyahs), ver.; hamlet on r. bank of I VIRA (vee-rah'), ver.; mountain in pueblo of river of same name, in Ambos Camarines Bangui, Ilocos Norte, Luzón, NE. of town. (Norte), Luzón. (See Cabibijaban.) VIRAC (vee-rahk'), ver.; pueblo and p.o. at mouth - river of Ambos Camarines (Norte), Luzón. of river, on s. shore of Catanduanes I., NE. (See Cabibijaban.) of Albay, Luzón; most important on island. Pop., 5,832 - river emptying at head of gulf of Ragay, VIRÍ (vee-ree'), ver.: one of islands of Balicuatro in connection with which it almost com- cluster, off N. coast of Sámar, lat. 12° 41' 10" N. pletely severs island of Luzon in 2 parts at this point, separating Tayabas and Ambos VIRIATO (vee-ryah'-toh). Sp.: hamlet on w. Camarines (Norte). (See Cabibijaban Riv.) shore of Sámar I., S. of Maglalabon Pt. VISAYA (vee-sah'-yah), nat.; point on SE, shore VININGAN (vee-neeng'-ahn), nat.; hamlet in pue of Tara I., off N. coast of Siasi I., Tapul grp., ble of Puncán, Nueva Ecija, Luzón, on brow Sulu A., and N. head of channel between of Lagsig Mt. Tara and Siasi Is. VINTAR (veen-tahr'), ver.; pueblo 5 m. E. of VISAYAN SEA; body of interisland waters from S. part of Luzon to N. coast of Mindanao, in Laoag, Ilocos Norte, Luzon. Pop., 11,803. which lie islands of Visayan grp. Also known VINUANGA (vee-nwahng'-ah), nat.; point on N. by names Interior, Interinsular, and Otón, or coast of Tayabas, Luzón. Inland Sea. VISAYAN ISLANDS. (Vee-sah'-yahn, nat.) LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The Visayas, one of the 4 great insular groups of the P. A., in the sea variously known as Otón, Interior, Interinsular, and Visayan, occupies a central position in the Ameri- can possessions in E. Asia, having Luzon on the N., the Pacific Ocean on the E., Mindanao on the S., and Mindoro, Calamianes group, Paragua, and Moro Palawan, and the intervening Mindoro and Sulu seas, on the W. They cover a sea surface extending from lat. 9° 2 N. (Siatón Pt., Negros) to 13° 5' N. (Templo I., Romblón), and from lon. 121° 49' E. (Pusio Pt., Panay) to 125° 51' E. (Sunğî Pt., Sámar), or 243 m. (sea) N. and S. and 242 m. É. and W., making 58,806 geog. m., or their equivalent, 77,840 st. (sq.) m. This group, originally known as the Islas de Pintados (islands of the painted men), received its present name from racial considerations, the Visayans being the most numerous of the 4 great ethnological classes of the archipelago. AREA AND POPULATION. List of islands, the larger dependent islands, provinces, and populations--Visayan group. 1887 pop- Islands and provinces. Area. Esti- mated Total popula-popula- tion not tion. counted. ulation, Spanish census. Towns. Visayan Islands .. .... Bohol Siquijor. Cebu ....... Mactán. 25,302 2,486, 205 10,000 2,497, 908 1,614 260,000 ... 260,000 1,782 518, 032 518, 032 4,214 270, 491 270, 491 268 1, 315 1, 703 21, 366 149 * 1,703 21, 366 (6) 231, 512 140, 498 3,112 1, 742 115, 434 Biliran. Panaón. Camotes. Masbate: Burias. Masbate .. Ticao ......... Negros: Negros Occidental..... Negros Oriental .. Panay: Antique. Cápiz. Iloilo Guimarás. Romblon..... Alad. Romblon. Sibuyan. Tablas. Sámar Malhon Daram. 1,340 1,661 231, 512 140, 498 115, 434 224,000 462, 444 2, 102 433, 462 €38,982 515 55,339 55,339 5,488 185,386 10,000 195, 386 a Another authority gives the population at 11,000 in 1875. b See Masbate. • This represents the population in 1897 of Concepción district, now Iloilo. S. Doc. 280- 58 914 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PACIFIC INSULAR GROUPS. The areas of the larger groups of the islands of the Pacific Ocean, compared with the Visayas and giving nationalities, are: Group. Water. Land. 1 Total. Population. National jurisdiction. Visayas. Solomon.... 52, 538 25, 302 Do.... Fiji..... New Caledonia and Loyalty. Hawaii. New Hebrides.. 77,840 9,000 8,357 7,754 7,630 6,640 5,300 2,486, 205 United States. 89,000 German. British. 123, 500 Do. 60, 000 French. 109, 020 United States. 75,000 French. (United States. 36,000 British German. 10, 200 Spanish, now German. 33,000 Do. 3,000 Do. Samoa ........ 1,700 Marianne.. Caroline... Pelew ... 420 310 190 The Visayan group alone of the United States possessions in E. Asia has 61 per cent more land area and more than 4 times the population of the larger insular groups of other nations, also including the United States, in the Pacific Ocean, combined. PHYSICAL FEATURES. ns are 10, istreme N. ofe part of the vole The Visayas, geologically, are part of the volcanic chain which traverses the archi- pelago from the extreme N. of Luzon to the extreme S. of Mindanao. The highest elevations are 10,150 ft. (according to the Derrotero and British and United States hydrographic charts) in Bohol; 2,172 in Cebú; 4,025 in Leyte; 1,823 in Masbate; 6,244 in Negros; 7,264 in Panay, and 6,424 on Sibuyán I., Romblon. The average altitudes run from 1,000 to 4,000 ft., and generally trend about the center of the island, a series of hills dropping toward the seashore. All the islands are well pro- vided with rivers as a means of irrigation or transportation. In Leyte, Negros, and Panay are a number of fine streams. BAYS AND HARBORS. The mainland is also well indented with bays and harbors: Asid, in Masbate; San Pedro and San Pablo, in Sámar and Leyte; Carigara and Sógod, in Leyte, and Sipian, in Panay, among the largest and best in the archipelago. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The facilities of land transportation are well advanced in Bohol, Cebú, Leyte, Negros, and particularly in Iloilo, Panay. Vessels passing between the United States and the ports on the China Sea coast of the archipelago, including Manila, and also between ports of Luzon and Mindanao, pass through the main channels of this group. For the safety and convenience of commerce the United States maintains a system of maritime lights superior to that of any other nation in the Far East. Steam- ers plying between United States ports and the Pacific outlet of the proposed Central American interoceanic canal, via San Bernardino Strait and the Verde Passage, the S. route through the archipelago, have the guidance of the San Bernardino, Tapul, Burias, Busainga, Masbate, and Romblón lights. The Sámar Sea is lighted at Catbalogan and Calbayog, with others on the Sámar coast and Janabatas channel in Leyte, and between Bohol and Cebú. In Iloílo Strait are 5 lights. POPULATION AND TOWNS. in the entire group are 350 towns, ranging from 1,500 to 25,000 inhabitants, and 1,364 villages, with a population of 2,497,908. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. Among the dependent islands, numbering 490 charted and named, are many of geographical importance, both as regards areas and economic conditions. The larger of these are Lapinín Grande, 18 sq. m., and Panglao, 30 sq. m., off the coast of GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 915 Bohol; Bantayán, 40 sq. m., abounding in pearls and shells, and Mactán, 40 sq. m., with its fine groves of cocoanuts, off Cebú; Biliran, 144 sq. m., with its fine sulphur springs, and Panaón, 76 sq. m., where gold is found, off Leyte; Guimarás, 243 sq.m., with its important products of rice, hemp, cotton, and tobacco, off Iloilo, in Panay. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. ses, and In Negros a product is repared. An ideyº The staple products of the archipelago-hemp, sugar cane, tobacco, coffee, rice, cotton, corn, millet, sweet potatoes, cocoa (save in Bohol), and also vegetables-grow successfully on all the islands. In Leyte, one of the best cultivated, out of 572,000 hectares (1 hectare=2.471 acres), 250,000 hectares are devoted to agriculture and the remainder, grazing and mountain lands, to pasture for large herds of cattle, carabaos, horses, and hogs. The hemp plantations have been under cultivation for upward of 40 years. In Negros are numerous cocoanut plantations, particularly in the vicinity of Ambling. The product is regarded as the finest in the group. In Iloilo, Panay, 37,552 farm hands are employed. An idea of the extensive cultivation of hemp in Cebú, Leyte, and Sámar may be formed by reference to the accompanying statistics of commerce. These figures do not represent the consump- tion in home manufacture. MINERALS. Petring, and are founom Austile possuyla, Naal was The mineral wealth is also great. In Bohol iron, copper, gold, and coal are found. In Cebú, the first of the P. I. in which the discovery of coal was announced, in 1827, valuable deposits exist at Alpaco, Uling, Guylaguyla, Naga, Danao, and Com- postela. Experiments have developed that, while possibly inferior to special grades of English coal, it is superior to that from Australia and is adapted to general use. Gold and silver bearing lead ore are found in the central part of the island at Pana- pac, Consolación, Acsubing, and Budtan. At these points the soil shows traces of ancient washings. Petroleum, with coal, appears at Toledo, on the W. coast. It is also reported from Asturias, to the N. of Toledo, on the same coast, and from Alegría, to the S. In Leyte gold, iron, magnetite, lead, and silver have been worked by the natives. Sulphur, which is of superior quality, was used in the gunpowder works of Manila under the Spanish. There are also indications of petroleum, heavily charged with paraffine, in the vicinity of Villaba, on the W. coast. In Masbate lignite and gold are found in paying quantities. On the rivers entering the sea near Calatrava and Talabá, in Negros Occidental, and also in Negros Oriental, are important deposits of coal. In Antique, Panay, iron, gypsum, marl, anthracite coal, and marble await exploitation, and there exists a vein of marble of varied colors and fine structure. In Cápiz, also in Panay, are working mines of gold and iron ore. the sorted from FORESTS. All the islands, both great and small, abound in forests of the best varieties of wood, notably juniper, teak, ebony, molave, and bamboo. The teak of Negros is highly prized by Western shipbuilders. In Cápiz alone are found 87 species of woods of economic value in house and ship building and cabinet work. Also medic- inal and dye plants are numerous. The dammar or pitch of Leyte is the most valuable in the archipelago. Resins, gum mastic, or wax, and honey are also produced in abundance. FRUITS. Among the fruits are excellent varieties of the pineapple, sapote, mangosteen, banana, orange, lemon, both cultivated and wild. INDUSTRIES. The industries of this group are varied and extensive. In Bohol, besides weaving fabrics in silk, pineapple (piña cloth), cotton, and hemp, are specialties in blankets, napkins, and mats, made from the rush called “ticay." In Cebú the manufactures of gugar, salt, cocoanut wines, pottery, textiles of silk, sinamay, hemp, cotton, sugar sacks, and cheese, are important; also, off the coast are found the celebrated rega- dera de Cebú (Euplectella, glass sponge or Venus flower baskets) and the rare shell Gloria Maria. In Leyte, besides fabrics of abacá and cabo negro or boat cables from hemp, there is also an important industry in sugar, chocolate, and cocoanut oil. The women are particularly skilled in lace making and embroidery. The pastoral indus- try is also important. In the waters adjoining, shell, sponges, and pearls abound, 916 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. while the caverns along the coast produce the finest edible bird's nests. The cattle, horses, and hogs of Masbate find a market at Manila, and the Bayones sugar sacks of buri, a palm which grows on the islands, and palm mats have attracted the atten- tion of European expositions. In Negros the use of machinery in working sugar cane is more general than in any of the other islands. The manufacture of sugar sacks and cotton pillows is also an important item of mechanical industry. The fisheries in trepang and shells and gathering of edible bird's nests are extensive. In Antique, Panay, the weaving of pineapple fiber, jusi, and sinamay employs 12,000 women. In Cápiz, of the same island, the manufacture of sugar sacks, palm-leaf hats and baskets and the production of alcohol, amounting to 500,000 liters annually, are specialties. The raising of cattle, numbering 1898, 45,624 head, and horses, valued at $324,504, is a leading occupation. In Iloilo the manufacture of pineapple fiber, jusi, sinamay, and cotton employs 300 looms. At the outbreak of the war with Spain, there were 153,439 head of stock, principally cattle, in this province. The fisheries give employment to a large number of the inhabitants of all the islands, beche de mer (trepang), shells, and pearls being the products of commercial value. In these islands weekly fairs are held at all important towns. COMMERCE. The commerce of the group in all the products of agriculture, manufacture, and fishery is extensive. The value of the exports of hemp, sugar, and copra are shown in the following statistics: HEMP STATISTICS, VISAYAS, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. RECEIPTS, 1899. [From report of the Manila Chamber of Commerce.] [1 picul (P. I.)=137.9 United States pounds; 16 piculs=1 United States ton.] Piculs. Tons. Visayan Islands: Cebu Province Cebu port... Leyte .. 19, 390 241, 100 118,507 148, 988 15,068 7, 406 9, 311 Sámar Total.. Total for all ports.... 985, 522 32, 997 61,595 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPORTS OF SUGAR FROM PHILIPPINE PORTS, 1899. [From report of the Manila Chamber of Commerce.] Piculs. 1 Tons. Visayan Islands: Cebú. Iloilo ...... 210, 780 1, 197, 700 13,173 74,906 Total. Total for all ports.. 1, 408, 480 1,488, 854 88, 079 93, 053 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPORTS OF COPRA FROM PHILIPPINE PORTS, 1899. [From report of the Manila Chamber of Commerce.] Piculs. Tons. Visayan Islands: Cebú Iloilo 66, 282 9, 221 4, 142 576 Total. Total for all ports .. 75,503 291, 322 4,718 18, 201 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 917 UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The occupation of the Visayan group was among the earliest military movements after the signing of the treaty of peace with Spain. Iloilo was the first port and city occupied by the American troops. The garrisoned points were selected on account of their commercial importance and the value of productive industries in the surrounding regions. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. All the islands of the Visayan group are under civil government, which will be found under their respective provinces. VITALI, or BUNGAO (vee-tah-lee, boong-ah-oh), ver.; river entering bay of Sibuguey on its W. shore, SW. of Tigbaon Is., Zamboanga Pen., Mindanao. - bay in S. Mindanao. - E. coast hamlet of Zamboanga, Mindanao, 29 m. NE. by N. of Zamboanga. - point on E. coast of Zamboanga Pen., Min- danao, 16, m. SSW. of Panubigan Is.; 3 m. E. of this point are Tigbaon cluster. VITÁS (vee-tahs'), Tag.; rock N. of mouth of Pasig Riv., Bay of Manila, Luzon, lat. 14° 39' 40, N. VITO (veel-toh), Sp.; hamlet in Lepanto, Luzon, 10 m. W. of Cayán, VIUMIGAN (view-meel-gahn), ver.; hamlet near S. boundary of Abra, Luzon, 21 m. S. of Ban- gued. VIVO (veel-voh), Sp.; hamlet of Cápiz, Panay, 1 m. from r. bank of Ibajay Riv., and 7 m. S. of Tangalan. VOLCÁN (vohl-cahn'), Sp.; island in Lake Bombón or Taal, in Batangas, Luzón, 4 m. from NW. to SE. and 5 m. from NE. to SW. Area, 9 sq. m. VOLCÁN, or TAAL (vohl-cahn', tah-ahl'), Sp.; - river entering Manila Bay, N. of Manila, Luzón, at outlet of which is starting point of N. boundary of municipality of Manila, volcano in Lake Volcán or Taal, Batangas, Luzón, lat. 14° 2' N. lon. 120° 57' E., 1.050 ft. high. Recorded years of eruption, 1709, 1715, 1716, 1731, 1749, 1754, 1808, 1873. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 919 W . WAKE ISLAND (UNITED STATES). [An insular Pacific outpost of the P. A.] Table of distances. [By routes of full-powered steam vessels.] From Wake to- Guam, WSW Honolulu, E. by N... Hongkong, E. by S.... Manila-to Guam, 1,320; to Manila, 1,506... Marcus I., NW. by W...... Tutuila, Samoa, SW. Yokohama, Japan, NW... naut. m. 1,320 040 760 aiaiai 826 780 2, 220 • 1, 830 This islet, in the midst of the vast surrounding ocean waters of the N. Pacific, lies in lat. 19° 10 N., lon. 166º 30 E., but 13° 30 E. of the meridian of longitude (180°) which divides the E. and W. hemispheres of the earth, and but 30 m. N. of the route of steam vessels plying between Guam and Honolulu on their voyages between the United States and the Philippines. It is also on the cable route between the United States and the P. A.-from San Francisco to Honolulu, 2,100 naut. m.; to Wake, 2,040 m.; to Guam, 1,320 m.; to Rasa Pt., (Gúbat, SE. coast of Sorsogón, Luzón), NW. of San Bernardino light, 7 m.; thence to Manila, 220 m. (air line), via the United States Signal Service system of telegraphs and cables; total, 5,687 naut. m., or 6,640 stat. m. The island, barely 1 sq. m. in area, has no economic value other than the guano deposits upon its rocky surface, and possibly as a stepping stone of cable connection between the United States and its Asiatic possessions. WASHINGTON, for.; cape on sw. coast of S. | WEST POINT; extreme sw. point of Alad 1., Palawan; between this cape and Jervois Pt., Romblon grp., Visayas, and N. head to chan- 14 m. NE., opens Culasian Bay. nel from W. between Alad and Lugbung Is., WATERFALL, for.; abrupt rocky shoulder, worn NW. of Romblon. bare by action of water, usually seen running WEYLER (vay'-layr), Sp.; town on W. coast of down side between False Sharp and Sharp Sámar, 41 m. NW. of Catbalogan. Peaks, S. of Gantung Mt., SW. Palawan. WATERING, for.; bay approaching Ulugan Bay WHALE, for.; rock off NE. coast of Surigao, from N., 1 m. S. of Sangbauen Mt., W. coast of Mindanao. (See Ballena.) Paragua, Palawan; range inland reaches alti- WHITE, for.; island of Corandagos grp., Mindoro tudes of 1,730 ft. to E. and 3,210 ft. to NE. Sea, off Dumarán I., E. coast of Paragua, WEDGE, for.; island on NW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. (Also Casirahan.) Palawan. (See Manimbulao.) - island off Dumarán I., E. coast of Paragua, - passage or W. entrance to Dalrymple Har- Palawan. (See Quimitad.) bor, NE. coast Sulu I., Sulu A. WEEKS, OR MARCUS, for.; island in N. Pacific WHITE ROCK, for.; hamlet on E. coast of Bala- Ocean, lat. 24° 14' N. lon., 153° 4' E., origi bac I., off ŚW. extreme of Palawan, on river nally discovered and occupied by Americans entering SW. shore of Dalauan Bay; naviga- and laterally subject to alleged claim by ble for boats. In habitants raise goats, fowl, Japan. (See Marcus I.) and game, and cultivate small tracts of WELCOME, for.; point 31 m. N. of Buliluyan C., ground. extreme S. point of Palawan. WILHELMINA, for.; rock in Balanguingui grp., WEST, for.; point on W.projection of Carabao I., Sulu A. (See Halcón rock,) in channel between NW. coast of Cápiz, Panay, and Cabalían Pt., S. end of Tablas I., WOOD, for.; point on s. shore of Ulugan Bay, Romblon grp. SW. coast of Paragua, Palawan. - W. point on that shore of Balábac I., Balá- WRECK, for.; bay on SW. coast of Dalanganem bac grp., off SW. coast of Palawan, about mid- I., of Corandagos grp., Mindoro Sea, E. coast way between Martínez Pt. on N. and Melville of Paragua, Palawan. C. on S. of island; Balábac reefs, through which extend narrow lanes of deep water to WRECK HEAD, for.: bold rock cliff forming N. shore, lie SW. of this point. point of Inlulutoc Bay, NW. coast of Para- WEST COAST, for.: elevation at N. extremity of gua, Palawan. South West or Temple Hill (q. v.) range, in WYLLIE, for.; 2 clusters of rocks off N. coast SW. Palawan. Cagayán, Luzon, above water with high WEST POINT, for., or OESTE (oh-ays'-tay), Sp.; breakers between, and dangerous to vessels headland from NW. and Sw. for bearings passing through Babuyanes grp. at night. S. when nearing shoals off W. coast of Balábac I., rock, which is largest, bears NE. 7 m. from off SW. coast Palawan, 7 m. NW. by N. of Panuitan islet, other cluster lies 21 m. NNE. Melville C. from largest. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 921 YABO (yah'-boh), ver.; hamlet in pueblo of Lupi, YLÍN-Continued. Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón. about 850 ft. above sea. NE. and S. shores YACHT, for.; small bay on NW. shore of Caca- are clean and steep-to on NW. Strait be- yán Sulu, SW. waters Sulu Sea, between tween island and Mindoro free from danger. Balábac grp. and Sulu A. strait between Ylin I. and sw. coast of YAGANAC (yah-gah-nahk'); island in Cagayan, Mindoro, 1; m, wide at N. entrance, and 61 Sulu grp. SW. waters Sulu Sea, between m. long. Connects Mangarín Bay on NW. Balábac grp. and Sulu A. From this island with Pandarochan Bay on SE. Laurel and Clotilde rocks are plainly visible - mountain 850 ft. high, on N. end of island from bridge of vessel when 6 or 7 m. away. of that name, ofr SW. coast of Mindoro, and 3 YAGBUNGAN (yahg-boong'-ahn), ver.; point on m. N. of town. SW. coast of Daram I., off W. coast Sámar, at - S. point of island of that name off sw. entrance to small bay. coast of Mindoro and W. headland of Pan- YAMBANGAN (yahm-bahng'-ahn'), nat.; hamlet darochan Bay. and stream entering narrow channel on SW. YNDÁN, or INDANG (een-dahn', een-dahng'). shore of Siasi I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. nat.: hamlet in Ambos Camarines (Norte), Y’AMI (yah'- mee), ver.; extreme N. island of Luzón. Batanes grp., off N. coast of Cagayán, Luzon, YNGALAN (eeng-ah-lahn), nat.; one of Calaguas and of United States possessions in E. Asia; Is., off NE. coast Ambos Camarines (Norte), Area, å sq.m.; 23 m. S. of N. line of boundary Luzón. of United States territory, in lat. 21° 5/ N. and YOG (yohg), ver.; point on N. land of Catandua- lon. 121° 58' 21' E., 42, m. N. of Santo Domingo nes I., NE. of Albay, Luzon, of moderate de Basco, chief town of group (Batán I.), and heights and steep-to. 93 m. SE. of Formosa. N. Bashi Rocks, re- puted to lie 114 m. to NE., are reported to YRIGA, or IRIGA (ee-reel-gah), ver.; hamlet sw. have no existence in position assigned to of volcano of Yriga and beyond Nabua, in them on charts, and their existence is con- Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzon. Near by on sidered doubtful. This island is most impor slope of volcano for number of years was tant of cluster of Batanes grp. lying N. of small settlement, the inhabitants of which in Ibayat I., inhabited by barbarous and pagan some of their characteristics and habits re- tribes known as Bashi, whose language is sembled gypsies of Western nations, known apparently not derived from larger islands of locally by natives of plains as Igorrotes, a group, nor is it traceable as special language. term applied in N. Luzon to mixed descend- Batanes and Bashi do not understand each ants of Chinese and Indian parents; or Ci- other; they, however, have some words in marrones, borrowed from American slave common. Regarded as not improbable that colonies, where it denoted negroes escaped both people and language originated in set from slavery and living in state of freedom, tlements established by seafaring people of but in Philippines applied to natives pre- Formosa or possibly at some remote period ferring to lead nomadic existence instead of from mainland of China. village life; or Remontados, meaning same as YAOGAN (yah-oh'-gahn), ver.; mountain N. of Cimarrones. These people were also known Yabasan Riv., 10 m. WSW. of Súlat, E. Sámar. as Iubeles. They are not cross between In- YAPAL (yah-pahl'), nat.; village on SE. shore of dians and Negritos, who lived in open air, but dwell in comfortable huts and cultivate veg- Lapac I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. etables and patches of sugar cane. Near YAPUSAN (yah-pool-sahn), Tag.; point on SW. Yriga, in direction of volcano, ground beneath shore of Lubang I., Lubang grp., off China has hollow sound sufficiently marked to at- Sea, off NW. extreme of Mindoro, at entrance tract attention. Succession of hillocks, 50 ft. to Verde Passage. high, border road on either side, and toward YARO (yah'-roh), nat.; islet off SE. coast of Siasi N. rises huge crater of Yriga. I., Tapul grp., Sulu A. - volcano in Sierra de Baao, 4,040 ft. high, YAUÂ (yah-wah'), nat.; river receiving several between Buhí Lake on E. and Pantano de of streams from SE. slopes of Albay volcano, Baao on W., in SE. Ambos Camarines (Sur), emptying on W. shore of Albay Gulf, about Luzón, near boundary with Albay. 1 m. N. of Legaspi, Albay, Luzon. - river in Ambos Camarines (Sur), Luzón, YBÍNGAY (ee-beeng'-ay), nat.; point on NE. coast along which ranchos are very accessible and of Masbate I., Visayas. people carry on friendly intercourse with In- dians, but latter preserve their primitive man- YÉCOP (yay'-cohp), ver.; mountain in extreme ners and customs. Men go naked, except a SE. Sámar, 4 m. ENE. of Quinapundan. lomo (loin) cloth, and women wear apron YENÚN (yay-noon'), ver.; river of Abra, Luzón, reaching from hip to knee. lat. 17° 22' N., emptying N. of Manabo. YSAROG (ee-sah-rohg'), ver.; isthmus connecting YESO (yay'-soh), Sp.; island in small bight on Caramuan Pen., NE. Ambos Camarines (Sur), NW. coast of Ticao I., Masbate grp., Visayas. Luzon, with main body of province. YIGARAN (yee-gah'-rahn), ver.; peak in small | YUANOAN (y wah-noh'-ahn), ver.; islet 4 m, W. of peninsula which forms E. shore of large bay Tubigon, NW. coast of Bohol, Visayas. in SE. Sámar, 6 m. NE. of Quinapundan. YUBASAN (you-bah-sahn), ver.; mountain in S. YLÍN (ee-leen'), nat.; town on W. shore of Ylín central Samar, 10 m. NE. of Paranas. I., off SW. coast of Mindoro; lat. 12° 15', N. of -- important river in SE. Sámar, rising in Ambolón I. Channel staked by natives leads Macloan Mt. and taking N. course 25 m.; up to town, where stream empties into sea. about 20 m. from E. coast turns abruptly to E. Fall of excellent water drops over cliff near and enters Pacific Ocean 1} m. N. of Tulag. to S., to which water boats have access. In- YUCATÁN (you-cah-tahn'), Sp.; anchorage on N. habitants raise grain, fowls, and pigs. Mt. Ylín is 3 m. distant. Pop., 500. shore of Mayo Bay, 2 m. W. of Tugubun Pt., on E. coast of Dávao, Mindanao. - island 11 m. NNW. to SSE., and 31 m. NE. to YUISAN (you-eel-sahn), ver.; point and hamlet SW., in Mindoro Sea, off Sw.coast of Mindoro, separated by channel 11 m. wide. Forms 41 m. s. of Boljo-on, on E. coast of Cebu. with SW. shore of Mindoro, opposite Pan- Pop., 600. darochan Bay. Island is woody and hilly, YUZÁN (you-thahn), ver.; hamlet on Batán I., highest summit on N. part Ylin Mt., being Batanes grp., off N. coast of Cagayan, Luzón. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 923 ZAMBALES (thahm-bah-lays), Hisp.; cape in W. Luzón. - range in W. part of Luzon, next in impor- tance to Caraballos system, starting at Cape Bolinao, in lat. 16° 23' N. and lon. 119° 40' E. Range runs N. and s. close to and parallel with W. coast, serving as boundary between Zambales and Pangasinan, then as boundary between Zambales and Tárlac, and finally ZAMBALES-Continued. divides Pampanga and Zambales. It then enters province of Bataan, running its entire length from N. to S., and disappears in front of Corregidor I., at entrance of Manila Bay. Divided into 3 principal ranges, that of Zam- bales proper in N., that of Cabusilan in central part, and that of Mariveles, in province of Bataan, in S. ZAMBALES, LUZÓN, PROVINCE OF Capital: Iba, lat. 15° 21' N., lon. 119° 58' 30" E. Area: Mainland, 2,160 sq. m.; dependent islands, 50 sq. m.; total, 2,210 sq. m. Population: 87,295. Race: Zambal. Language: Zambal, Ilocano, Tagalog, and local dialects. Military Department of Luzón: Headquarters, Manila, Luzón. Table of distances. From Iba to- Dagupan, NNE. Manila, SE.... Tárlac, E by N... LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The province of Zambales forms a narrow strip along the S. part of the China Sea coast of N. Luzon. It is bounded on the N. by the China Sea and Lingayen Gulf; on the E. by Lingayen Gulf, Pangasinan, Tárlac, and Pampanga; on the S. by Bataan, and on the W. by the China Sea. AREA. It measures 120 m. from N. to S.; 25 m. from E. to W., in the N. part; 28 m. in the S. part, and 12 m. in the same direction in the center. Area, mainland, 2,160 sq. m.; dependent islands, 50 sq. m.; total, 2,210 sq. m., or about the size of Delaware. PHYSICAL FEATURES. Paralleling the W. shore extends the Zambales chain of mountains, from Lingayen Gulf in the N. to Subic Bay in the S.; the S. end is known as the Cordillera de Cabusilan. A number of peaks rise at different points along this chain: Verde Mt., 1,207 ft.; Mt. San Isidro, 2,352 ft., overlooking the SW. angle of Lingayen Bay; Mt. Lanat, 3,766 ft., and Mt. Masingioc, 3,120 ft., 5 m. inland from the coast at the town of that name; Mt. Iba, 5,262 ft., the landmark of Iba; Batalán, 1,847 ft., and another peak immediately SE., 4,267 ft., lying inland from Duai Pt. In the Cordillera de Cabusilan are the high peaks of Pinalobo, 6,040 ft.; another, 2 m. to the N., 5,167 ft.; to the S., Negrón, 5,453 ft., and 2 m. farther S., Cuadrado, 5,443 ft. Inland from Súbic are 3 peaks, 3,136, 3,173, and 2,897 ft., and overlooking Capones on the seacoast, the group of Mt. Agudo, 2,141, 3,623, 3,737, and 3,186 ft. These sum- mits furnish landmarks not only for Súbic Bay, but also for vessels approaching Manila Bay. All the rivers rise on the W. slope of these mountains. The Lanoag-na-bató, form- ing part of the Pangasinan boundary, enters Lingayen Gulf through 2 mouths in its SW. angle. The Agno, Nayón, Cabalúan, and Bucao are the chief streams entering the China Sea. The Santa Rita, Topón, and Balete, at Súbic, and 6 other streams enter Súbic Bay. There are thermal springs at Dasol, Paláneg, Iba, and Cabañgan (Cahmeján), and 924 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BAYS AND HARBORS. The much-frequented coast of Zambales affords a number of fine, sheltered harbors. for the coasters which pass between Lingayén Gulf and Manila Bay. The following are the most important: Agno; at the town of that name. The river enters on the N. coast. A range of low summits overlook the bay. Bolinao; a narrow channel between the cape of that name and the island of San- tiago, affording shelter in 10 fms. The shore end of the telegraph station formerly landed on these shores. This is one of the best typhoon shelters in N. Luzón. Calaguaquin; 1 m. between points, 3 m. inland, with shelter from all winds except W. and SW.; depth, 18 fms. in the entrance, decreasing gradually to the anchorage inside. Dasol; between Caimán and Santa Cruz Pts., 14 m. The channel between Culebra Í. and Caimán Pt. leads to Tambove roads and Santa Cruz port. The latter is only used by coasters, and is approached between Hermana Mayor and small islets 41 m. E. Iba; a good anchorage, both above and below the river mouth, in 7 to 10 fms. Lingayen; W. shore of this important body of water, with the exception of its SW. angle, lies within the province of Zambales. Lucap; on Lingayen Gulf, at the end of the main road to Iba. Masinloc; between Bani Pt. and Macalaba I., to the NW. Anchorage is obtained in the bay on the E. side of Salvador I., in 53 to 6 fms., protected from N. winds. Matalví; formed between Matalví I. and the coast to the S., extending 3 m. E. and W., with a mean breadth of } m. It is well protected, with 8 fms. Nazasa; sheltered from all winds except the SW., between Talisáin and Silanguín. It offers shelter for vessels approaching Súbic Bay on the S. Oyón; a bay N. of Mansinloc and E. of Bani Pt., extending 3 m. ENE., with 6 to 8 fms. Silangúan; on the extreme SW. coast, sheltered by the island of the same name. A refuge for coasters rounding the point into Súbic Bay. A Teive the che province. 2 channels within Zambales Province. It is 6 m. between heads and opens to the SW. Grande I. divides the entrance into 2 channels which have 37 and 25 fms., with from 31 to 22 fms. inside. The bay extends 8 m. inland and forms 2 safe harbors, one on the E. side, Olongapó, and the other at the N. extremity, opposite Súbic. Vessels are shel- tered from all winds, in 7 to 10 fms. There is frequent steam communication between this point and Manila. Talisáin; S. of Capones I.; is sheltered except from the W. and backed by a range of high mountains. Tambove; E. of the small bay of Caimán Pt., 5 m. E. and W. and 3 m. inland. Open only to S. winds, with 18 fms. at the entrance and 13 and 6 fms. at the anchorage. (Also Tambobo.) yds. within the W. extremity of the island, lat. 14° 55' 46'' N., lon. 120° E. Light i flash every 30 seconds, eclipses total; 230 ft. above the sea; 53 ft. height of tower; visible 29 m.; the building is a square brick tower at NE. angle of the rectangular dwelling. ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are few roads and those almost impassable during the rainy season. One starting at Bolinao, on the extreme N. shore of the province, parallels the W. coast of Lingayen Gulf to Lucap; thence taking a S. course at Alaminos, it divides the E. branch extending to Port Sual and Lingayen, on the gulf of that name, and the W. to Dasol, on the bay of that name. Thence this road parallels the coast to Súbic Bay. A telegraph line follows that portion leading to Lingayen and as far as Iba, on the coast. At the crossing of the Nayón Riv. a road follows the valley of that road at Bucaquelen, in Pangasinan. To the S. of Iba, at the crossing of the Bancal, a road leaves the coast line, passing over the boundary at Mt. Iba, and extending to Tárlac by way of O'Donnell. Another road starting from the coast line at Botolan follows the valley of the Bucao, and, crossing the Cordillera de Cabusilan, reaches Tárlac, also, by the way of O'Donnell. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 925 POPULATION AND TOWNS. The population is 87,295, chiefly Zambales, and, including, the Igorrotes of Zam- bales, a somewhat revengeful and warlike race. The languages spoken are Zambal, Ilocano, and Tagalog in the N., and Zambal and Ilocano in the S. part. In the vicinity of Iba and Botolan, Zambal and Pampango are used, and in the region between Alaminos and Balincaguin, Ilocano and Pangasinan. The Negritos speak Aeta, but are familiar with the common languages, Zambal and Ilocano. The following is the division of Zambales into pueblos and their respective popu- lation, according to the census of 1887: Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men Women. Total. 4,561 6,525 1,114 2, 322 3,213 563 1,516 1, 228 1,723 3,540 1,861 2,914 2,469 3, 394 6,874 3,730 2,807 Zambales: Agno Alaminos. Alós......... Anda ......... Balincaguin.. Bani.......... Bolinao....... Botolan....... Cabangan.. Candelaria . Castillejos Dasol. Iba ........ Infanta.... Masinloc ... Paláuig...... San Antonio.. San Felipe .. San Fernando.. San Isidro. San Marcelino. San Narciso Santa Cruz Súbic......... 1, 329 1, 844 1, 225 1, 688 1,515 1, 322 1, 232 2,339 2,112 240 1,359 2,155 3, 603 2,239 3,312 551 1, 398 1,241 1, 671 3, 334 1,869 1,372 1,253 1,892 1,200 1,726 1,536 1,389 1,289 2,514 2,106 213 1,264 2, 120 3, 679 2,596 1,462 2,582 3,736 2, 425 3,414 3,051 2,711 2,521 4,853 4,218 153 2, 623 4,275 7,282 5,185 2,791 86,522 2,589 1, 329 Total .. 43, 276 43, 226 Estimated, 1901, 87,295. There are 26 towns and a number of villages. The following are the principal towns: Iba; the capital, on the l. bank of the river entering the sea about 2 m. distant. Pop. 3,512. Agno; on the r. bank of the mouth of the river of that name, 61 m. N. of Iba. Pop. 5,002. Alaminos, or Sarapsap; on the main road, 4 m. S. of Lucap, on Lingayen Bay, 61 m. N. of Iba. Pop. 8,008. Alós; on the main road, 5 m. S. of Lingayen Gulf, 57 m. N. of Iba. Pop. 1,762. Balincaguin; on the main road, 7 m. S. of Lucap and on Lingayen Bay, 57 m. N. of Iba. Pop., 2,378. Bani; on the l. bank of a river emptying into Lingayen Gulf, 63 m. N. of Iba. The road connects it with the Agno road, 5 m. S. Pop., 4,293. Bolinao; on the extreme N. coast, at the starting point of the coast road, 77 m. N. of Iba Pop., 4.075. Botolan; on the main road, 5 m. S. of Iba Pop., 4,566. Cabangan; on the main coast road, 15 m. S. of Iba Pop., 2,798. Candelaria; on the coast road, 23 m. N. of Iba. Mt. Lanab, 3,837 ft. high, lies inland. In the vicinity of this town is a chain of 3 small lakes, the largest of which, about 2 m. in diameter, has its outlet into the sea through the Agnacón Riv. Pop., 2,865. Castillejos; on the main highway, on the l. bank of the river emptying into the sea 6 m. W. of San Antonio, 4 m. NW. of Súbic, and 36 m. S. of Iba Pop., 3,357. Dasol; between 2 rivers which enter the bay of the same name in its NE. angle, 46 m. N. of Iba. At this point the road leaves the main line to Agno, 15 m. N. by W. Pop., 5,000, estimated. Eguía; on the r. bank at the crossing of the Tanglao by the main road, 41 m. N. of Iba. 926 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Infanta; on the r. bank of the Nayón Riv., 3 m. E. of the main road, with which it is connected by the Nayón Valley road, 35 m. N. of Iba. Pop., 3,345. Masinloc; on the shore of the bay of the same name, 17 m. N. of Iba Pop., 2,945. Olongapo; on the E. shore of Súbic Bay, 2 m. N. of the boundary with Bataan. Paláuig; 10 m. N. of Iba. It is connected with the main road at Matalví. Pop., 2,584. San Antonio; at the mouth of a river entering the sea opposite Capones I., 46 m. S. of Iba. It is connected with the main road at San Marcelino on the E. and San Narciso on the N. Pop., 4,988. San Felipe; on the main road, 21 m. S. of Iba. Pop., 4,265. San Fernando; on the Bancal Valley road, 9 m. NNE. of Iba. Pop., Cn. 1887,453. San Isidro; on the main road, between Alós and Dasol, 51 m. N. of Iba. Pop., 2,863. San Marcelino; on the main road, 7 m. NW. of Súbic, 29 m. S. of Iba. It is con- nected with the coast at San Antonio. Pop., 4,043. San Narciso; on the main line, 24 m. S. of Iba. At this point the road divides, one continuing to San Marcelino and the other following the coast to San Antonio. Pop., 7,255. Santa Cruz; on the main road, touching the SE. angle of Dasol Bay, 32 m. N. of Iba. Pop., 4,594. Sindol; on the coast line, 19 m. S. of Iba. Súbic, on the extreme N. coast of the bay of the same name. It is the S. terminus of the coast road, at the mouth of a small river, 36 m. S. of Iba. Pop., 3,015. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The coast is generally level, with an abrupt beach fronting the sea and an inland chain whose higher peaks are visible 30 m. It presents a bold approach, in many places having no bottom at 50 fms., within 1 m. of shore. The adjacent islands afford shelter for the numerous vessels entering and leaving Manila Bay, as follows: ........... sq.m Cabalitan; in S.W. angle of Lingayen Gulf, S. of Comas I., opposite the boundary between Pan- gasinan and Zambales....... Cabarruyan, or Anda; high and covered with forests, off W. shore of Lingayen Gulf, 7 m. N. and S., 4 m. E. and W. Its chief town has a population of 3,200 on W. shore; 6 small islands lie in channel between Cabarruyan and mainland........ Cabra, or Goat; off Capones Pt., high and bare, of reddish appearance, with 3 islands to N.W.... Cangaluyan; E. of Narra and in E. entrance between Santiago and Cabarruyan Is., W. shore of Lingayen Gulf..... Capones; 3 islands off point of that name. On the largest (Grande), about 1 m. long, is a light- house marking approach from China Sea to Súbic and Manila bays... Cien Islas, Las (the 100 islands), or Capulupulúan; 26 charted islets NW. of Encarnada Pt., W. coast of Lingayen Gulf.. Comas; S. of Pastora Pt., off w. shore of Lingayen Gulf.. Culebra, or Adder; S. of Caimán Pt., N. head of Dasol Bay, China Sea coast.... Dos Hermanas; N. of Santiago I., on W. side of entrance to Lingayen Bay.... Frailes, Los; 6 islands in Silanguin port, extreme SW. coast,of Zambales, and W. of the entrance to Subic Bay .... Grande, or Pulu Malaqui; in the entrance to Súbic Bay, forming 2 channels and giving shelter from the S. It is of medium height, covejed with trees..... To the S. of this island is a smaller one connected by a sand spit and reef. Hermana Mayor (elder sister); W. coast NW. off Santa Cruz, the s. headland of Dasol Bay ....... Hermana Menor (younger sister), or Macalira; W. of Santa Cruz, the S. headland of Dasol Bay covered with trees...... Lajás; one of the Frailes Is. Luan; near Salvador and Macalaba. Macalaba; in the opening of Masinloc Bay, W. coast, S. of Salvador I. (Also Malacaba.) Mapalós; off Masinloc Bay, of medium height, covered with trees and surrounded by mangroves. Mayanga; in the center of Súbic Bay ... Mongosmongos; one of the Cien (Hundred) Is., on the W. side of Lingayen Gulf. Munti; a small island in Subic Bay. Narra; in the channel between Santiago and Cabarruyan Is., W. shore of Lingayen Gulf.. 3 islands lie off its SW. shore....... Olongapo; in the port of that name, off the E. shore of Súbic Bay ...... Pequeña; off the NE. shore of Subic Bay...... Putipot; N. of the Bay of Masinloc and S. of Hermana Menor. Pulapie; an island off Masinloc Bay, surrounded with reefs. Ratón (mouse); E. of Hermana Mayor, off Dasol Bay... Salvador; W. coast, in the opening of Masinloc Bay, thickly wooded....... Santiago, or Purra; 5 m. N. and S., 4 m. E. and w., of medium height, off Cape Bolinao, the extreme NE. point of Zambales, and on the w. side of the opening of Lingayen Gulf. Its inhabitants live in the town of Binabilian, on its SW. coast, fronting Bolinao port............. Silaqui; NNW. of Santiago I. To the SE. are several small rocky islets, on the W. side of entrance to Lingayen Gulf. Tabones, Los; 2 islands between Talisian and Nazasa bays, off the SW. coast, near the opening of Subic Bay.. 76 dependent islands, total area .... GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 927 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. The staple products of the archipelago, sugar, cotton, tobacco, and coffee, are extensively cultivated. The specialty, however, is rice and wheat of superior quality. MINERALS. Mines of copper and pit coal are in operation in the vicinity of Agno and between Balincaguin and San Isidro. In the Lugatoc Mts. in the N. part of the province are indications of iron, also in the Cordillera de Cabusilan in the S. The numerous mineral springs are also regarded as showing deposits of that mineral. FORESTS. The forests are particularly valuable in useful woods and products, including pitch, resin, rattan, honey, and wax. With better facilities of transportation they would become an important part of the wealth of the province. FRUITS. The fruits are abundant, particularly the sweet pineapple, which is grown in large quantities, and in quality compares with the finest varieties of Java and Singapore. INDUSTRIES. The mechanical industries are limited to primitive methods and home demands. The chief occupation of the inhabitants, next to agriculture, is the raising of cattle, carabaos, horses, and hogs, hunting and fishing. A large number along the coast engage in the collection of amber, which is found in considerable abundance. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. During the military movements in N. Luzon, on November 28, 1899, in an engage- ment in the Zambales Mts., near Mangatarem, the insurgents were not only dis- persed, but the United States forces captured 14 pieces of modern artillery-all the enemy possessed--a powder factory, arsenal, and large quantity of ordnance stores. On February 15, 1902, Zambales was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: San Marcelino. Alaminos. a Bolinao.b Castillejos. Dasol. * Iba. a Masinloc. a San Antonio." San Felipe." San Isidro. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The province of Zambales was created under the provisional government act of February 6, 1901, by enactment of the P. C. August 28, 1901, to embrace that terri- tory in the island of Luzon known as the province of Zambales. PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. [Salaries and expenses in United States money.] Governor Secretary Treasurer. Supervisor Fiscal .... $1,500 1.000 1, 800 1,500 1, 100 Allowance for necessary and actual traveling expenses not to exceed $2.50 per day, as prescribed. The presidentes or alcaldes of the municipalities to meet on the third Monday in January, April, July, and October, to consider improvements needed in the prov- inces and for other purposes prescribed by law. * Telegraph. * Telephone. 928 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. CONDITIONS. * * * "And the hopes of the inhabitants are the better founded when they see the favorable change which has been made in all the branches of the public admin- istration after only a few months of civil government. “They know that the pueblos govern themselves through the representatives whom they elect from among their own people, and that the superior authorities can not interfere in their affairs unless the municipal authorities fail to hold their engage- ments toward their electors and violate law with or without malice. “They see with the greatest satisfaction that the funds which they contribute, in the measure of their forces, toward the payment of the public expenses are never diverted from their legitimate object, and are convinced that the law in all its rigor would be applied to any official who would fail to comply with his duty in that regard. “They remark that, luckily for the province, the provincial officials are no longer what they used to be in former times, in consequence of the traditional system or for their own profit, when they were real despots, who tyrannized the unfortunate inhabitants, disposing of their persons and of their property in an arbitrary and and cruel manner; whereas the new officials simply work for the happiness and the welfare of the province, and faithfully perform the duties of their respective offices. “They are truly happy to see that the courts of justice have been reorganized, with the peculiarity that they are now a sure, efficacious guaranty that the law shall be duly complied with and that the property and other individual rights respected, because justice is administered with good faith, rectitude, and impartiality, and is no longer, as in former times, an open market in which, with incredible and scan- dalous cynicism, justice was bartered like merchandise and sold to the highest bidder. "I can therefore affirm that public administration in all its branches has been car- ried on with regularity and with favorable results ever since it was established, on August 28, 1901, under civil régime, and will add that the political conditions under their different aspects are good and favorable." (Official report of the provincial governor of Zambales, January, 1902.) ZAMBOANGA, MINDANAO. (Thahm-boh-ahn'-gah, Hisp.) Capital: Zamboanga, lat. 6° 53 N., lon. 123° 5' E. Area: Mainland, 3,358 sq. m.; 80 dependent islands, 128 sq. m.: total, 3,486 sq. m. Population: 117,503. Race: Moro. Language: Moro, Tagalog, Visayan, Spanish, and native dialects. Military Department of Mindanao: Headquarters, Zamboanga, Mindanao. Table of distances. From Zamboanga to- Cebú via Sulu and Visayan seas, NNE..... Cotabato via Celebes Sea, NNE Dumaguete via Sulu Sea, NNE. (Negros).. Iloilo via Sulu Sea, N. by E.... Manila, Luzón, N. by W.. Manila via Sulu, Mindoro, and China seas.. Puerto Princesa, NW, Palawan... m . 276 150 202 268 561 585 297 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. The subdivision of Mindanao, under the former jurisdiction of Spain known as Zamboanga, is the W. of the 3 peninsulas which form the S. part of the island. It is bounded on the N. by Dapitan; on the E. by Cotabato; on the S. by the Célebes Sea and Basilan Strait, which separates it from that island, 17 m. distant, and W. by the Sulu Sea. AREA. It measures 103 m. from NE. to SW.; 93 m. from E. to W. along its N. boundary, and 94 m. from E. to W. between Flecha and Piacan Pts. Area, mainland 3,358 sq. m.; 80 dependent islands, 128 sq. m.; total, 3,486 sq. m. (2,488,320 a.), nearly 3 times the size of Rhode Island and 1,000 sq. m. larger than Connecticut. HEADQUARTERS, AND UNITED STATES SIGNAL CORPS CABLE OFFICE, ZAMBOANGA. FORTRESS OF ZAMBOANGA. TOWN OF AYALA, PORT OF CALDERA. HAULING A HUGE TIMBER AT MERCEDES. PROCESSION OF NATIVES, BOLONG. METHOD OF TAPPING RUBBER TREE (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS). The little tin cups are held in place by a bit of clay and are changed once a day. In the centör of the tree can be seen old cuts in process of healing up. FOOT OF GUTTA-PERCHA TREE, SHOWING SPREAD OF BUTTRESSES. GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 929 PHYSICAL FEATURES. The S. coast line forms 3 peninsulas jutting into the Célebes Sea, with Duman- quilas Bay on the E. and Sibuguey Bay on the W. of the central one. The main range, which skirts the shore of the island, beginning at Tres Reyes Mt., at the NE. point of boundary, after a W. course follows the center of the main peninsula and terminates at the S. extremity in 2 peaks, the higher 1,752 ft., inland from Caldera Bay, and the lower 1,240 ft., inland from Zamboanga town. Banganian or Flecha Pen. is traversed throughout its length by a chain of hills, the highest Alto de Cala- dis, Sibuguet, and Marasingan, on the central peninsula, and Silangan and Calana- tan on the main peninsula. This range forms the divide in the drainage, the streams flowing S. and E. entering Dumanquilas and Sibuguey bays and the Célebes Sea, and those to the W. emptying into the Sulu Sea. CLIMATE! ttest, and Decen during the yearth in the Philippines The climate of Zamboanga is the most salubrious found in the Philippines. The temperature varies only a few degrees during the year, the months of April, May, and June being the hottest, and December, January, and February the coolest. The rainy season is known only as a season in which rain may fall, and does in no way inconvenience the inhabitants of the lowlands. It extends from May till October, but often with long intervals of no rain. The nights are cool the year round and there is a steady breeze from the sea. and Flecha, in the entrance, 26 ind of the same name, "The Dumanquilas 1 Malícay; onds toward Set een Zamboanga a BAYS AND HARBORS. The following are the bays and harbors on the coast of Zamboanga: Bangâ; E. coast, 7 m. N. of Tigbaon Is., safe and well sheltered. It is 3 m. NE. to SW. and 1 m. wide. An islet lies in the entrance, making 2 deep passages 1,000 ft. wide. The E. channel has 13 fms., lessening to 14 fms. inside. The anchorage is in 9 fms. Caldera; S. coast, to the E. of the point of that name. The outer bay has an anchorage from 7 to 9 fms. The inner port has accommodations for 4 or 5 vessels in 6 ft., the entrance channel being but 73 yds. wide and 12 ft. deep. From this point the coast runs 7 m. SE. to Pt. Caballo, W. of the town of Zamboanga. Cáuit; W. coast, with a diameter of 13 m., having an anchorage in 41 to 9 fms., under shelter of an islet 700 ft. in extent, on the E. side. Dumanquilas; on the S. coast, 9 m. between Arena, the E. point of Olutanga I., and Flecha, the S. point of the E. peninsula, 32 m. and extending 16 m. inland N. It is 9 fms. in the entrance, 26 fms. in the center, and 5 fms. along its N. shore. Igat; S. shore, N. of the island of the same name, well sheltered and safe. It is the most important of the inlets of Dumanquilas Bay. The Dumanquilas Riv. enters it by several mouths. Malícay; on the extreme SE. coast, opening 6 m. between Flecha Pt. and Duman- quilas Bay, heads toward S. It is sheltered from all winds except from the S., with 27 fms. The E. boundary between Zamboanga and Cotabato provinces passes within 1 m. off the NE. point of this bay. Mantebu; W. coast, anchorage S. of Piacan Pt. Masingloc; S. coast, S. of Mamicahan, or Manicaan, and W. of Malanipa and Saccol Is., and extending inland 3 m. N. of Manqui Pt., affording excellent shelter during hurricanes peculiar to this coast. (Zamboanga is below the typhoon belt.) Panabutan; W. coast, between Sicogon and Cáuit Bay, sheltered from all winds but the W., with from 7 to 22 fms. between 2 rocky points. Santa María, or Biasongon; W. coast, a well-sheltered port S. of Bulangolan Pt., 1 m. inland to the SW., having 2 basing suitable for vessels of all sizes. Entrance 500 yds., 36 fms. deep, with 15 fms. inside. A company of American capitalists have erected at Puerto Santa María the largest sawmill in the S. part of the archi- pelago. Sibuco; W. coast, between Pts. Batotindoc and Burial, 5 m. to the S., penetrates 23 m. to the E., and is well sheltered except from the W., with depth not less than 27 fms. A river which can be ascended by boats enters the bay. Sibuguey; S. coast; from the NE. entrance to Saccol channel, the coast of Min- danao trends NNE., with a curve to the S. 35 m., and forms the bay of Sibuguey, terminating to the SE. of Olutanga. The bay has not been surveyed. Sibulan; on the S. coast, formed by the island of that name, between Olutanga Bay and the central peninsula. S. Doc. 280—59 930 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. rivTantananith a depast, on the heltered 1. of Santide the wag in Zanes from was. afford Sicogon; W. coast, between Pt. Balanguin (Bulungin) and Sicogon. It is exposed to W. winds. It is deep, having from 41 to 5.fms. At 500 yds. from the shore 2 rivers enter the bay, one of the same name. Tantanang; S. coast, 21 m. wide, between Dumanquilas and Sibuguey bays, well sheltered, with a depth of 13 fms. on the W. shore, lessening to the N. Tumalung; S. coast, on the N. side of Olutanga, with 9 fms., W. of Pt. Simangul, on the N. end of the island; sheltered in all weathers. Zamboanga; S. coast, with roads N. of Santa Cruz I. The anchorage is much exposed, but has a depth of 12 fms. outside. Inside the water shoals rapidly. There is 16 fms. off the light-house, N. by W. Vessels remaining in Zamboanga more than 24 hours moor, owing to strong tides. This road is exposed to gales from W. to SW., which frequently cause loss of ships. An anchorage off Vilavilan I. in 7 fms. affords protection from SW. gales. During the NE. monsoon the road is well sheltered. 2GHT-HOUSE. Zamboanga, lat. 6° 54' N., lon. 122° 4' 10" E., on the extremity of the mole on the S. point. 1 flash red; 33 ft. above the sea; 26 ft. height of tower; built of sheet iron, and visible 12 m. Two flash red lights, 26 ft. above sea level, visible 5 m., indicate the entrance to the bay. (See Caldera Bay.) ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS. There are no roads in the province, except in the immediate vicinity of the towns, owing to the mountainous character of the surface. With the exception of Tetuán and the villages of Dabug in the center, and Siocan in the N., all the towns and vil- lages are situated on the coast. From Zamboanga extend fair roads passable for wagon transportation through- out the year leading NE. to Tetuán, Masingloc, Mercedes, and Curúan, a distance of about 20 m.; N. through Santa María about 4 m., and SW, through San José, Caldera, Ayala, and San Ramón, about 16 m. POPULATION AND TOWNS. In 1897 the population was enumerated at 19,903 Christians in Zamboanga and the surrounding towns, 8,000 Mohammedans, and in the unexplored regions of Sibuguey 90,000 Subanos, a total of 117,503, speaking Spanish, Moro, Sámal, Subano, and Chavacano, a mixture of Spanish, Tagalog, and Visayan. Malay is the most com- mon language. The following is the division of Zamboanga into pueblos and their respective pop- ulation according to the census of 1887: e of Spanish, Tagáloding Spanish, Moro, segions of Sibug Total population, combining residents present and ab- sent, native and Spanish, census 1887. Province and pueblos. Men, Women. Total. Zamboanga: Ayala ... Mercedes..... Santa María.. Tetuán ...... Zamboanga 983 1,823 1, 391 1,985 2,008 757 1,631 1, 290 1, 935 1,795 1, 740 3, 454 2, 681 3,920 3, 803 15,598 Total 8,190 7,408 Estimated, 1901, 117,503. There are 12 towns and 47 villages. The following are the names of the towns: Zamboanga; the capital of the province, on the extreme S. coast, on the strait of Basilan, opposite Isabela, capital of the latter island, 17 m. It is a town of importance, situated on an extensive plain covered with cocoanut groves and rice fields. Pop., 7,634, including Santa María, Gusu, Tipang, and San Roque. It is well built, with stone houses, a church, fort, and hospital. The town was settled in 1635 as a base of military operations against the Moros and pirates. Just before GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 931 American occupancy this town was almost entirely destroyed by fire-the work of the Spaniards in retiring to cover their embarkation and that of the Filipinos as well during their so-called "republic," when the two rival factions fought among themselves. Since American occupancy the greater part has been rebuilt, and a new town entirely built adjoining Zamboanga to the W. called Magay, being the section in which the Moro inhabitants reside. Fully 1,000 houses have been built, mostly of nipa, but some of stone and plaster and other materials of a substantial nature. Zamboanga is the S. market of the archipelago for hemp, copra, and gutta percha. The port is exposed to the S. and sw. In the Masingloc Riv., 4 m. to the SE., is an anchorage sheltered from all winds. Ayala; on the extreme SW. coast, 9 m. WNW. of Zamboanga. Pop., 1,900, including Talisayan, Erenas, and Malayal. Bolong; on the SW. coast, 18 m. NE. of Zamboanga. Pop., 1,144, including Curúan, Taguiti, and Tamión. Caldera; a port near Ayala, on the bay of that name, SW. shore, 8 m. W. of Zamboanga. Curúan; E. coast, at the mouth of the river, fronted by the Panubijan Is., 22 m. NE. of Zamboanga. The anchorage is well sheltered by Panulugan I. Marasingan; on the E. shore of Sibuguey Bay, 4 m. inland to the SE. of Cabut I. Layers of coal have been discovered in this vicinity. Mercedes; on the SW. coast, 8 m. NE. of Zamboanga. Pop., 3,839, including Manicaan, Catumbal, and Boalan. San Mateo; on the S. coast, a port of refuge between Caldera Bay and Zamboanga roads. San Ramón; on the extreme SW. coast, 15 m. NW. of Zamboanga. Founded by General Blanco about 1885 as an experimental farming station and penal colony. It consists of about 10,000 a. of well-planned and laid-out fields, with a sea frontage of 2, m. During Spanish occupancy there were about 800 deportados or disciplina- rios from the N. islands who supplied the labor. A large sugar mill (i. e., large för the Philippines) and a sawmill were in operation; there were also fields of sugar and hemp and groves of cocoanuts, chocolate, and coffee. The annual net income is said to have been $60,000 Mexican currency. The hemp from San Ramón com- mands higher prices in Manila than any other. Santa María; in the SW. of Zamboanga, at the headwaters of a stream, 4 m. NW. of Zamboanga. Sibuco; on the W. coast, on the bay of that name, 27 m. N. of Zamboanga. Tetuán; on the r. bank of a river entering on the SE. coast, 4 m. NE, of Zam- boanga. Pop., 5,572, including villages of Pútig and Talontalón. DEPENDENT ISLANDS. The following islands adjacent to Mindanao lie off the coast of Zamboanga: sq.m. Bulúan; in the NW.arm of Sibuguey Bay... 3 islands lie in the inlet on the W. shore, 6 m. S., and another of the coast farther 8.......... Cabugaán; E. coast, one of the Panubijan Is....... Cabut; E. coast of Sibuguey Bay, near the village of Marasingan; opposite, and 4 m. inland, exist deposits of coal ...... Cherif; 3 islands in Sibuguey Bay................ Dacula; one of the Quidabun Is., in Sibuguey Bay. Dayana; in the NW. angle of Dumanquilas Bay, opposite Sipula.. Dumanquilas; 16 islands unnamed within that bay.. Fatimo; several small islands in Sibuguey Bay; the mouth of Cumala rang Riv., practicable for , light craft at high water, lies N. by E. of Fatimo Is....... Igat; an island in the bay of the same name, N. of the mainland ... Malanipa; off the extreme SE. coast, 4 islands in the E. entrance to Basilan Strait Malícay; 4 islands unnamed, in that bay, and E. of Flecha Pt. Mangán; W. coast, off the village of that name..... Muda; one of the Quidabun Is., in Sibuguey Bay. Olutanga; off the s. point of the central peninsula; forms with the mainland a channel connect- ing Dumanquilas and Sibuguey bays, 104 m. N. and S. and 13 m. E. and w. It has fine bays on its shores, one on the N. well sheltered in all winds....... Palma Brava; E. coast, in Sibuguey Bay, the N. of the Panubijan Is... Pandaluan; in the entrance to Sibuguey Bay, S. coast.. Pandalusan; S. coast in Sibuguey Bay, 6 m. off the Sw. point of the central peninsula and NE. of Olutanga I...... Panisían; off the extreme SE. point of that peninsula, 4 m. E. of Flecha Pt.. Panubijan; SE. coast, 15 islands and several islets near the W. shore of Sibuguey Bay, opposite Curúan; well wooded. Paya; one of the Quidabun Is. in Sibuguey Bay; to the W. lies an exposed rock. Piratas; rock 1 m. E. of Dacula; one of the Quidabun Is. Quidabun; S. shore, 3 islands, Muda, Dacula, and Paya, in Sibuguey Bay, with channels of 9 fms. between them ..... Saccol; off the SE. coast, 8 m. from NE. to SW. and 3 m. from NW. to SE....... ... 90 ........ 932 GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. sq.m. Saccol channel; an island in the wide mouth of a river on the mainland; another in the s. entrance, 5 m. off the NE. point of Saccol I.... Santa Cruz, in the mid-channel of Basilan Strait, 54 m. SE. of Zamboanga; furnishes shelter for ships in the roads of that town in severe weather........ Sibulan; off the SE. coast of the central peninsula Olutanga and the mainland... Simonog; the E. of 2 islands, 15 m. off the mainland, SE. coast, and 10 m. E. off the N. point of Saccol I............ Tictavun; a long, narrow island off the SE. point in the E. entrance to Basilan Strait, 8 m. E. by S. of Zamboanga. It is low, covered with vegetation. Tigbaon; S. coast, 4 islands off the W. shore of Sibuguey..... Tumalutan; 5 m. E. of the N. point of Saccol I., near the entrance to Basilan Strait ... 80 dependent islands, total area. 128 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. Besides the staple crops of rice, hemp, cotton-tree variety, staple very short- coffee, tobacco, sugar cane, cocoanuts, corn, and sweet potatoes, this region yields the valuable cloves and nutmegs of commerce. The cinnamon tree, betel nut, and pepper grow wild upon the shores of Sibuguey Bay. Rubber or gutta-percha, egg- plant, tomatoes, lettuce, cabbage, etc., extensive and admirably kept Chinese gar- dens and mushrooms found under refuse of the hemp and are of excellent flavor. MINERALS. The indications of mineral wealth are very general, but not exploited. Coal exists in valuable deposits on the shores of Sibuguey Bay. Croppings of coal show on surface within 4 m. of Zamboanga. Gold reported near Curúan and brought to Zamboanga in small quantities. FORESTS. The forests abound in a great variety of valuable woods, especially teak and juni- per. In the vicinity of Santa María and near the tidewater teak is abundant; gums and resins are also gathered. No true ebony is found in P. I. Forests in which profitable hard woods are found contain trees fit to cut at rare intervals only. No forests exist in the sense of the American forest. Rubber is found on the peninsula. FRUITS. The pineapples and bananas of Zamboanga are famous in the archipelago. Mangoes in abundance, pumalo, breadfruit, guava, and many others are also found. INDUSTRIES. The inhabitants of this province are not advanced in mechanical industries beyond their own needs. The natural products of the province, however, afford occupation and aticles of export. The raising of horses, cattle, and hogs is an important industry. No cattle raised at present, owing to the cattle disease that has been prevalent for 3 years. Three sawmills, 1 cocoanut-oil plant on improved lines, and many small cocoanut-oil plants and small horsepower sugar mills in operation. UNITED STATES MILITARY OCCUPATION. The port of Zamboanga was occupied November 16, 1899, by a United States naval force which was immediately followed by United States infantry, detached from the forces in Sulu. On February 15, 1902, Zamboanga was garrisoned by United States troops as follows: Zamboanga. $ CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Civil government has not been established in this province. Under act P. C., May 29, 1901, the municipalities of Tetuan and Zamboanga were organized into one municipality under the name of Zamboanga in accordance with rules and regula- tions applying to the organization of new municipalities not before organized [Secs. 91, 92, and 93, municipal code]. a Telegraph. $ Post-office and money order. Voc nd SANTA CRUZ ISLAND MINDANAO No. 1831 APPROACHES TO ZAMBOANGA S Doc 280 57 1 From a Spanish survey in 1885 Zanuhoanga Light on end wole, 121.6 x 12Z LIDE THE NORRIS PETERS PHOTO TO WASHINOTON, DC GAZETTEER OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 933 ZAMBOANGA (thahm-boh-ahn-gah), Hisp.; pue- | ZANOY (thah-noy'), ver.; hamlet on r. bank of blo, p. o., m. o., and capital of Zamboanga, lat. river of N. Sámar, emptying into Pacific Ocean 6° 54' N., lon. 122° 4' 10" E.,on extreme SW. coast at Bobón. of Zamboanga, Mindanao, which forms N. ZÁPANG (thah'-pahng), ver.; hamlet in pueblo shore of Strait of Basilan, important thor- oughfare of intersea commerce between Céle- of Gapán, Nueva Ecija, Luzon, on r. bank of Cabanatuan Riv. bes and Sulu waters. Has a light-house at extremity of mole, at S. point; light is 33 ft. ZAPOTE (thah-poh -tay), Sp.; stream in pueblo above sea level and height of tower 26 ft. from of Bacoor, Cavite, entering Manila Bay at base to base, visible 12 m.; built of sheet iron, end of boundary between Manila and Cavite with 2 davits attached. United States naval in Rizal, Luzón. station is at Basilan, opposite. Fortified un- ZAPATOS (thah-pah'-tohs) (means shoes), Sp.; 3 der Spanish rule as naval station: has fine islets on bank lying 'in Jintotolo channel, barracks and Castle of San Felipe, which 6 m. sw. of Jintotolo I., midway between dominates town; cathedral and public hos Masbate and Panay, 14 m. S. of former, and pital. Pop., 21,300. Settlement dates from 12 m. NE. of latter, nearest shores. Zapato 1635, by Spaniards, as a base of operations Mayor N., 260 ft. high, wooded and cultivated; against Moros and pirates of Sulu A. and Zapato Menor is 270 ft. high, bare and clean Borneo. Roadstead of Zamboanga is much on all si les except W. Chinela islet lies be- exposed to gales from W. and SW. On ap tween 2 Zapatos, with 80 to 48 ft. depth. pearance of sw.gales vessels run inside of ZARAGOZA (thah-rah-goh'-thah), Sp.; pueblo on Tictauan I. to anchorage of Vilanvilan I. SW. shore of Santiago I., E. of Tambac Pt., Approach of these disastrous storms is gener- off NE. coast of Zambales, Luzon. ally foretold by coast of Basilan across strait to S. being hidden by a mass of flying clouds, - island off W. coast of Cebu. (See Saragossa.) and Sangboi Is. lost to view; if at same time - hamlet of Negros Occidental, on 1. shore of it should be cloudy, dark, and threatening to Maao branch of Lagasan Riv., 13 m. E. of NW., bad weather is certain, wind beginning Valladolid. to blow from NW. and backing until it settles - hamlet in N. central Concepción, Iloilo, from SW. Cause is typhoon passing to N. During NE. monsoon road is sheltered. Panay, 11 m. S. of Carlés. Beautiful stream runs through center of - pueblo in Nueva Ecija, Luzon, 10 m. from town, from which water for drinking pur- San Isidro. Pop., 5,250. poses is obtained by inhabitants and for - town of Surigao, on 1. bank of mouth of shipping, but as during day natives wash river entering sea on E. coast of SE. penin- themselves and their clothes throughout its sula of Mindanao, 202 m. SSE. of Surigao, course several miles inland, it is necessary to near SE. boundary with Dávao. obtain day's supply early in morning, and it town in Zambales, Luzon. is also necessary to filter it in order to free it from vegetable matter and earth, especially ZÁRRAGA (thah-rrah-gah), Sp.; pueblo in Iloilo, after heavy rain. Coal store of Zamboanga Panay, on S. shore of Jamipaan Riv., 14 m. is at Port Isabela. There are regular and N. of Iloilo. Pop., 5,208. frequent steamers between Manila and Zam- ZAU (thah'-00), ver.; coral and sand island on boanga via Sulu and Palawan and Iloilo. Pearl Bank in Laparan grp., Sulu A. Resort Throughout year, when seasonal wind is for pearl divers. (See Pearl banks and island.) not strong land breeze blows during night, ZETA (thay'-tah) (meaning the consonant 2), Sp.; sometimes very freshly and acceptably. spur of Gran Cordillera of Sierra Madre, E. ZAMBOANGUITA (thahm - boh - ahn-geel-tah), of Tuguegarao, Cagayán, Luzón. Hisp.; pueblo on extreme SE. coast of Negros Oriental, and river 1 m. to N. Town is 16 m. ZOE (thoh'-ay), ver.; E. islet of Bay I. grp. in SW. of Dumaguete and 1 m. inland from Jibboom Bay, SW. coast Paragua, Palawan. point. Pop., 5,608. ZUMÁRRAGA (thoo-mah-rrah-gah), Sp.; pueblo - point on SE. coast Negros Oriental, near in Sámar, 9 m. from Catbalogan. Pop., Cn. pueblo of same name. 1887, 5,466. THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN GRADUATE LIBRARY DATE DUE hotel volo FINE PAS -JUL 3.- 1970 - peci 91976 NOV 179741 JAN301013 women are li 3 9015 02780 4528 Replaced with Replan- with Digilai Digitai DO NOT REMOVE OR MUTILATE CARD ངན་པ་བྱས་ ་དེ་དག་ཕྱིན་པ་ན་བའི་ མང་། བས་ན་དལ་བ་ ལ་བ ་ ། རྗེ་ ན ། ན་ ། ། ། ལན། ་ ན་ན་ ན་་་་་ ་་་་་་ ། ན་ཉིན་ནི་ ་་། ནང་ ན་ ། ། ཟླ་་་་་ ལྷན་ ། ་་་་་་ ་་་་་ ན་། ་ ། ་ ། ། ། ཚོ ་་་། ་་་ ། ན་་་་་། ་ ། ་ ་་་་ ་་་་་ ནན་ ལ ། ། ་ ཕྱི་ ། ལོ་ན་ ༥ ་་་་་་་། ནས་ ན་ ་་་་་ ་ བའི་