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THE
HISTORY
O F
PERS I A.
CONTAINING,
The LIVES and Memorable ACTIONS of its
KINGS from the first Erecting of that Mo-
narchy to this Time; an exact Deſcription of
all its DOMINIONS; a curious Account of
India, China, Tartary, Kermon, Arabie, Nixa-
bur, and the Ilands of Ceylon and Timor; as
alfo of all Cities occafionally mention'd, as
Sebiras, Samarkand, Bokara, &c. MANNERS
and CUSTOMS of thofe People, Perfian Wor-
fhippers of Fire; Plants, Beafts, Product, and
Trade. Teixeira, Pare
WITH
Many inftructive and pleafant Digreffions, being remark-
able Stories or Paffages, occafionally occurring, as
ratge Burials; Burning of the Dead; Liquors of
Countries; Hunting; Fishing; Practice of
k; famous Phyficians in the East; Actions of
n, &.c..
1.
To which is Added,
An Abridgment of the LIVES of the KINGS of Harmuž,
or Ormuz.
The Perfian Hiftory written in Arabick, by, Mirkond, a famous
Eaftern Author; that of Ormuz, by Torunxa, King of that
Ifland, both of them Translated into Spanish, by Antony
Teixeira, who liv'd feveral Years in Perfia and India; and now
render'd into Engliſh.
By Captain 70 HN STEVENS.
LONDON: Printed for Jonas Brown. at the Black Swan with-
out Temple-Ear. MDCCXV. -
During
Seuran to
2-17-46
54647
THE
PREFACE
P
ERSIA is at this time, and has
been for feveral Ages, one of the
great Eastern Monarchies, and yet
the Accounts we have hitherto bad of it
in Engliſh have been no better than
Fragments. Several Travellers have de-
fcrib'd the Country, and given us the
Lives of fome of their latter Kings; the
Turkish History here and there has fome
tring of them occafionally; other Books
make mention of the Conquefts of it by
the Tartars and the Sarazens. A com-
pleat Hiftory of that Kingdom from its
Foundation to this Time has been ftill
wanting, and is what the Publick is bere
prefented with, as a Work doubtless ac-
ceptable to all curious Perfons, the Spa-
nilh from which it is now tranflated be-
A 2
ing
PREFACE.
ing very scarce, and the Arabick from
which that was taken very little under-
food. All Nations have their fabulous
Originals, and therefore it is hop'd none
will condemn this Work for what may
appear Romantick in its remoteft Anti-
quity; for it is but reasonable to allow
the Perfians the fame Liberty we take
our felves as to thofe Primitive Times.
Nor are we to conclude that all thofe
Things which may perhaps appear to us
incredible are abfolutely falfe, fince it
is most certain that the Afiatick Nati-
ons were civiliz'd, and had the use
of Letters long before us, and con-
fequently their Hiftories may with Truth
extend much further than ours. The
Judicious will not be apt to condemn
Things flightly, being fenfible that there
is nothing perfect in this World, and
for thofe Ages which are fomething re-
mote from the first Original of that
Kingdom, there does not appear to be
the leaft just Caufe of Objection against
what is here faid of them. Not to de-
tain the Reader too long, we shall now
give him as much of Teixeira's Spaniſh
Preface to his Tranflation from the A-
rabick, as is proper for the understand-
ing of the Motives that induc'd him to
write, and of his Performance. His
Words are as follows.
Having,
PREFA CE. ·
Having, in my Youth, been addict-
ed to reading of Hiſtory, I was often
at a ſtand on Account of the Diſagree-
ment there is among Authors about
the fame Things. This I more parti-
cularly obſerv'd in what has been vari-
oufly and confufedly tranfmitted to us in
Writing by thofe who went before us
concerning the Kings of Perfia and
their Succeffion; among which Authors
are Procopius, Agathius, Genebrardus,
Zonaras, Tornamira, and ſeveral others;
whofe Relations are fo uncertain, that
they ſeldom agree in any Point. I la-
bour'd under this Uneafinefs for fome
time, 'till going over to India, and the
Eaſtern Pars, and travelling there I
came to Ormuz, and the Dominions of
Perfia; where the fame Curiofity ftill
poffeffing me, I laid hold of the Op-
portunity to refolve my Doubts, and
to that End, and to difcover the true
Hiſtory of thoſe Kings and Antiquities,
began to make Inquiry after them,
but found my felf more perplex'd than
before; for when I ask'd for Cyrus, Ar-
tabanus, Abafuerus, and others men-
tion'd by our Greek and Latin Hifto-
rians, I could hear nothing of them, or
their Actions, agreeable to what theſe
have related of them. At length, ba-
ving acquainted fome Perfians, Men of
Know-
A 3
PREFACE.
Knowledge and well read, with my De-
fire, after much Difcourfe they advis'd
me, fince I defign'd to know the Hi-
ſtory of their Kings, to take up with
what had been writ of them in their
Chronicles, the Authors whereof being
nearer at Hand, deliver'd their Acti-
ons with lefs Confufion and more Cer-
tainty than thofe of other Nations, who
were often mif-led either by Prejudice,
or Diſtance, or both of them. I lik'd
the Advice, and in order to make the
true uſe of it, enquir'd and was in-
form'd, that the History in greateſt
Reputation among them was one they
call Tarik Mirkond, that is, Mirkond's
Chronicle, which I purchas'd, and ha-
ving perus'd, and finding him very ex-
tenfive and univerfal as to the Af-
fairs of Perfia, I extracted as much as
the Publick is here prefented with,
'concerning the Number and Succeffion
of their Kings, from the first of them
to him that is now reigning, which be-
ing altogether new and not publish'd
by any other, I thought might be ac-
ceptable.
It is not my Defign to argue upon
doubtful Points, or to confufe the O-
pinions of others, but only briefly to
relate what the Perfians have preferv'd
by Tradition, and is confirm'd as Truth
by
PREFACE.
by their Writings; and fince they look
upon it as fuch, it is reaſonable we
fhould do fo too; for we ought rather
to believe the Natives, who fpeak like
Eye-witneffes, than Strangers in this
Particular; fo that this Hiftory of ours
may be of uſe for the perfecting of
others, which have hitherto been very
imperfect. The Portuguese Hiftorian,
John de Barros, makes mention of
Mirkond's Chronicle in his Decads,
but for want of underſtanding the Lan-
guage, could give us no more than the
Name.
Befides the fhort Account of the
Kings, this Book contains fome Curio-
fities, most of them taken notice of in
the Margent, which I have inferted, as
believing them pat to the Purpoſe and
diverting. I am fenfible that fome of
them might have been more properly
plac'd in the Second Book; but having
at firft defign'd to publish only the
First, they were plac'd there, and i
thought it not worth while afterwards
to remove them; the Reader may give
entire Credit to them, for they were
either feen by my felf, or receiv'd from
Perfons I believe as I would my own
Eyes: hd
The Proper Names either of Men, or
of Places, or of other Things, may per-
A 4
haps
PREFA C E.
haps be thought harſh and difficult of
Pronunciation, which I could eaſily have
adapted to our Language; but thought
it better to give them their own Sound,
by reaſon the altering of them general-
ly creates Confufion; for had thofe
who have writ, or tranflated Hiftories,
been always careful to give Men and
Places their Proper Names, without a-
ny Alteration, there would be lefs Con-
fufion in reading of them. And in re-
gard that this Book may happen to be
read by fome Perſon that has attain'd
the Knowledge of the Perfian and A-
rabick Languages, who may call in
Queſtion any of the Etymologies I pro-
duce upon Occafion, I defire fuch to
take Notice, that the more univerfal
Languages are, the more they vary in
their Terminations, according to the
Provinces they are us'd in, whereof
there are Inſtances enough in our own
and in the French, Latin, and Greek
Tongues.
The Calculation of Time, according
to the Perfians, is to be feen in general
in the First Book; but much more par-
ticularly in the Second, their Method
being ſtill obferv'd. It is poffible I may
have committed fome Miſtake in redu-
cing the Years of their Era, to our
Year of CHRIST, by reaſon of the
diffe-
PREFAC E.
difference of the Lunar Year us'd by
them, and the Solar by us; I did my
beft, and if any other can and will re-
duce it to a greater Exactneſs, I fhall
be very well pleas'd, and return him
now Thanks before-hand.
Together with the Kings of Perfia,
I give a Relation of thofe of Harmuz,
or Ormuz, &c.
Thus far our Author Teixeira; to
which I fhall only add, that the ſhort
Supplement made to his Kings of Perfia,
to continue them down from his Time to
ours, is collected from the Turkish Hi-
ftory, and the best Modern Travellers,
as Thevenot, Tavernier, Chardin, Ge-
melli, &c. and that it was not made
longer, left it should be thought not to
bear Proportion with the rest of the Hi-
ftory.
CON-
CONTENTS.
BOOK I.
!
СНАР.
Ї.
O
F the First King of Perfia, and his Original, ac-
cording to Mirkond, the moft Renowned Hi-
ftorian of that Nation.
Page I
Chap. II. Of the War in Damaoand, upon the Death
of Nacek Son to Kayumarras.
Chap. III. The Birth of Siamek, Second King of Per-
fia, Grandfon to Kayumarras, to whom he refigns
the Government, and his Death.
8
I I
Chap. IV. Of Ouxangh, third King of Perfia, and his
Death,
13
Chap. V. Of Tamurés Divband, fourth King of
Perfia.
ibid.
15
Chap. VI. Of Jambxed, fifth King of Perfia.
Chap. VII. Zoahk ufurps the Crown of Perfia, and
is the fixth King, makes Search for Frayhdun;
Kaoah rifes, and kills him, and puts Frayhdun into
Poffeffion of the Kingdom.
24
Chap. VIII. Frayhdun, the feventh King of Perfia,
being rais'd to the Throne of Perfia, entertains, and
boncurs Kaoah, marries, and has Children, they
make War among themselves, and other Particulars
till his Death.
32
Chap. IX. Of Manucher the eighth King of Perfia. 38
Chap. X. Of Naudar, the ninth King of Perfia, who
is taken, and kill'd by Afrafiab.
41
Chap. XI. Afrafiab fubdues Perfia; the Perfians af
fifted by his Brother Agarires, revolt against him,
for which he puts him to Death,
44
Chap.
CONTENTS.
Chap. XII. Of Bazab the tenth King of Perfia.
* * *5
པ་-༠ ༡༠༥ #༡༧,
Page 45.
46
Chap. XIII. OfKaykobad the eleventh King of Perfia;
Afrasiab overthrown in Battle, and Peace refto-
red.
Chap. XIV. Kaykaus the twelfth King of Perfia, re-
duces Mazandaron, which had rebell'd; paſſes on
into Arabia, where he marries; returns to Perfia,
and what happen'd there, till his Death. 48
Chap. XV. Of Kaykozrao, the thirteenth King of
Perfia; he makes War on his Grandfather Afraflab,
King of Turkeftam, for which Reafon his Son Sy-
avex differs with him, and goes over to Turon;
the End of Afrafiab, and two of his Sons.
FG
Chap. XVI. Of Lorafph, the fourteenth King of
Perfia; his Sun Guſtalph rebels, flyes into Turke-
ftam, marries there, stirs up a kilar against his
Father, is brought back into Perfia, and other Ac-
cidents till his Death.
60
Chap. XVII. Of Guftafph, the fifteenth King of Per-
fia; he Wars on the King of Turkeſtam, on Ac-
count of Worshipping the Fire, with various Süc-
cefs; his Son Spandiar kill'd by Roftam, and other
Accidents till his Death.
65
Chap. XVIII. of Bahaman Daraz Daz, the fixteenth
King of Perfia, his Life and Death.
70
Chap. XIX. Homay Wife to Ardxir, and Queen of
Perfia, after her Husband's Death is deliver'd of a
·Son, who is caft into a River, and comes afterwards
to be King.
+
77
Chap. XX. Of Darab Kebar, the feventeenth King
of Perfia, he makes War on Phaylacus, or Philip
of Macedon, and other Accidents till his Death.
79
Chap. XXI. Of Darab Seguer, or Kucheck, that
is, Darius the Little, eighteenth King of Pertia;
Afcander, or Alexander the Great, invades his
Dominions, defeats him, and is murder'd by his
own Subjects.B
80
Chap.
CONTENTS.
Chap. XXII. Afcander, or Alexander the Great,
nineteenth King of Perfia, fubdues that Kingdom,
and what else happened till his Death. Page 87
Chap. XXIII. Of the Inter-regnum in Perfia. 113
Chap. XXIV. Of Schapur, or Sapor, the twentieth
King of Perfia.
ibid.
Chap. XXV. of Ardxir Babar Khon, the twenty first
King of Perfia.
114
115
Chap. XXVI. Of Schapur Zabel Ketaf, the twenty
fecond King of Perlia.
Chap. XXVII. Of Baharon Kermonxa, the twenty
third King of Perfia.
Chap. XXVIII. Of Yazd Gerd, the twenty fourth
King of Perfia.
116
120
Chap. XXIX. Of Baharon Gur, the twenty fifth
King of Perfia.
123
Chap. XXX. Of Yazd Gerd, the twenty fixth King
of Pertia.
142
Chap. XXXI. Of Hormoz, the twenty seventh King
of Perfia.
143
Chap. XXXII. Of Pheruz, the twenty eighth King of
Perfia.
144
Chap. XXXIII. Of Belax, the twenty ninth King of
Perfia.
148
Chap. XXXV. Of Kefere Anuxiron, the 31st King
Chap. XXXIV. Of Kobad the thirtieth King of
Perfia.
100
of Perfia.
163
King of Perfia.
182
Chap. XXXVI. Of Hormoz or Hormifda, the 32d
Chap. XXXVII. Of Khofrao Parvez, or Cofroes, the
33d King of Perfia.
186
Chap. XXXVIII. Of Kobad Schirughe, or Siroes, the
34th King of Pertia.
190
Chap. XXXIX. Of Ardair Schirughe, the 35th King
of Perfia.
192
ibid.
Chap. XL. Of Scharear, or Siahriar, Ufurper of Per-
fia, reckon'd the 36th King.
Chap. XLI. Of Joon, the 37th King of Perfia. 193
Chap.
CONTENTS.
Chap. XLII. Of Turon Doct, Queen of Perfia, the
38th in the Royal Defcent.
Page 193
Chap. XLIII. Of Jafancedah, the 39th Monarch of
194
Perfia.
Chap. XLIV. Of Azarmy Do&, Queen of Perfia, and
the 40th Sovereign.
195
Chap. XLV. Of Celere, the 41ft King of Perfia. ibid.
Chap. XLVI. Of Ferrogzad, the 42d King of Perfia.
196
Chap. XLVII. Of Yazdgerd, the 43d and laft King
of Perfia, of this Race.
1
BOOK II.
ibid.
Chap. I. Which of the Arabs, and at what Time they
fubdu'd Perfia.
193
Chap. I. Of Mawya the fixth Calif and Sovereign
of Perfia.
201
ibid.
Chap. III. Of Yhezid, the feventh Calif and Sovereign
of Perfia.
Chap. IV. Mawya, the eighth Calif and Sovereign of
Perfia, foon depos'd.
202
Chap. V. Marwan, ninth Calit. The Arabs make
War on him, and deftroy Cufa; he marches againſt
and overthrows them, and at his Return is murder'd
by his Wife.
203
Chap. VI. Abdel Malek, 10th Calif; the Schiahis
make War on him in Perfia with various Success,
and other Accidents till his Death.
Chap. VII. Oelid, the 11th Calif, extends his Empire
in Perfia; he poſſeſſes himself of all the Lands of
Maurenahar, Koarrazm and Turkeftam; infefts
the Dominions of the Roman Empire; his and Oi-
afge's Death.
204
206
Chap. VIII. Solyman, 12th Calif, fubdues the Pro-
vinces of Gerion and Tabarftam in Pertia. 207
Chap. IX. Hamar, 13th Calif, the Defcendants of A-
bas make War on him, and he is impriſon'd. 208
Chap. X. Yhezid the 2d, and 14th Calif. Abu Mo-
celem makes War on him in Karafon, in favour of
Aly Ben Abas, which lafts till his Death. 209
Chap.
CONTENTS.
Chap. XI. Oxon, 15th Calif, and Lord of Perfia.
Page 209
210
Chap. XII. Oelid the 2d, 16th Calif, and Lord of
Perfia.
Chap. XIII. Yhezid the 3d, 17th Calif, and Lord of
Perfia.
ibid.
Chap. XIV. Ebrahem, 14th Calif, depos'd by Mar-
wan, who ufurps, feizes and murders him. 211
Chap. XV. Marwan the 2d, 19th Calif, and laſt of
the Tribe of Ben Humya; Affairs of Perſia during
his Reign.
ibid.
Chap. XVI. Safah, 20th Calif, and firft of the Tribe or
Race of Eben Abas.
213
Chap. XVII. Abu Jafar, 21st Calif, puts to Death the
Governor of Karaſon, før intending to rebel; reduces
the Rebels of Mecca and Bazora; builds the City of
Bagdat on the River Tigris, and dyes on the Way
to Mecca,
Chap. XVIII. Mahady Bila, 22d Calif, and what hap-
ned in his Time.
215
216
Chap. XIX. Elady Bila Muza Ben Mahady, 23d Ca-
lif.
Chap. XX. Araxid Bila Harun, 24th Calif.
218
ibid.
Chap. XXI. Mahamed Amin, 25th Calif; he makes
War on his Brother Mahamun, by whom he is de-
feated and killed.
219
Chap. XXII. Mahamun Ben Arun, 26th Čalif. 220
Chap. XXII, Abu Ezach Matacon, 27th Calif; be
builds the City Samarrah; Wars in Perſia, and o-
ther Accidenss till his Death.
Chap. XXIV. Wacek, 28th Calif, and all that hapn'd
in Perfia till his Death.
223
Chap. XXV. Almoto Wakel Bila Jafar, 29th Calif.
221
224
Chap. XXVI. Montacer Bila, 30th Calif. 235
Chap. XXVII. Abul Abas Hamed, 31st Calif, mur-
der'd by his Slaves,
Chap. XXVII'. Mofta Hhin, 32d Calif.
ibid.
226
Chap.
CONTENTS.
Chap. XXIX. Almater Bila, 33d Calif, recovers fome
of the Lands that bad been feix'd by Acem Ben
Žeyd, and is murder'd by bis Soldiers. Page 226
Chap. XXX. Motady Bila, 34th Calif.
227
Chap. XXX!. Almat Hamed Bila, 35th Calif; and
what happen'd under bim in Perfia.
ibid.
Chap. XXX I. Matazed Bila Hamed, 5616 Calif, the
Affairs of Pettia under bim.
236
Chap. XXXIII. Moktafy Bila, 37th Celif, and Mo-
narch of Perfia.
238
Chap. XXXIV. Moktader Bila, 38th Calif, and Mɔ-
narch of Perfia.
239
Chap. XXXV. Jafar Ben Matazed, 39th Calif; Af-
fairs of Perfia, during bis Reign.
244
Chap. XXXVI. Kaher Bila Mahamed the 40th, Razy
Bila Mahamed the 41ft, and Mokiafy Bila Ebra-
him, the 42d, Califs.
146
Chap. XXXVII, Moftachfy Abdela, 43d Calif. 247
Chap. XXXVIII, Motyah Bila Fazele, 44th Calif. 250
Chap. XXXIX. Tayha Abdel Carim, 45th Calif. 254
Chap. XL. Kader Bila Hamed, 45:b Calif. 267
Chap. XLI. Kahem, or Alkahem Beamaryla Abu Ja-
far Abdula, 47th Calif.
290
Chap. XLII. Almoktady Bila the 48th, Almcftacer
Bila the 49th, Almoftarxed Bila the scth, Raxet
Bila the sift, and Almoktafy Bila the 52d Calif.
301
Chap. XLIII. Almoflanger Bila Iffaf the 134, Ai-
mottanzy Benur Elah Acen the 14th, Nacer, or
Nacere Ladinla, the 55th, Alhazar, or Altaker
Bila Mahamed the 56th, Almoftancer Bila Man-
for the 17th, and Almoſtacem Bila Abdula the
5 Sth, and laſt Calif of Bagdat.
305
304
Chap. XLIV. An Account of the Mogols, or Tartars,
that Conquer'd Perfia.
Chap. XLV. Of the Turkish Family of Kara Kayon-
Ja, that is, the Hard or Tribe of the Black Sheep,
who were Sovereigns of Perfia.
323
Chap.
CONTENTS.
Chap. XLVI. Of the Turkish Family, or Hord of A-
kuyonlu, which is, the Tribe of the White Sheep,
by another Name, call'd Bayonduryah, who were
Sovereigns of Perfia.
Page 328
Chap. XLVII. Of Chinguyskan's Succeſſors, who Ru-
led in Usbeck and Maurenahar.
335
Chap. XLVIII. Of Scha Ifmael Sufy, King of Perfia,
his Origin, and Progeny to this Time. 337
The Supplement to Teixeira's Hiftory of Perfia. 345
A brief Account of the most Remarkable Provinces,
and which have continu'd longeſt under the Domi-
nion of Persia.
361
A Chronological Table of the Sovereigns of Perfia,
till the Arabs enter'd that Country, according to
Mirkond,
36)
A brief Account of the Kingdom of Harmuz, or Or-
muz, and of its Kings, 'till it was fubdu'd by the
Portugueses, extracted from the Hiftory written by
Torunxa, King of that City.
376
THE
[1I
]
THE
HISTORY
O F
PERSI A
BOOK. I
CHAP. I.
Of the First King of Perfia, and his Ori-
ginal, according to Mirkond, the most
Renowned Hiftorian of that Nation.
ᏙᏙ
Hen the Waters of the univer-
fal Deluge had ceas'd, and
Noah, his Children and Po-
fterity spread themſelves over
the Face of the Earth, and began to fill it,
as they were enjoyn'd by God; many Fami-
lies affembled themſelves together in feveral
Parts of the World, building Towns, and
ftill multiplying, whilft every one endea-
vour'd to advance himfelf, tho' it were to the
Detriment of his Neighbour, as will appear
in the Sequel of this Work. Then did Pride,
B
and
[ 2 ]
Anarchy, and Ambition particularly take Poffeffion of
the Inhabitants of the Province of Aderbaion,
where this Hiftory is to commence.
The
Natives of it for want of a Prince, or fome
Perfon to govern them, liv'd in continual
Trouble and Uneafinefs, every Man afpiring
to be Chief, and aiming by force to lord it o'er
the reft; fo that fome endeavouring to bear
Sway, and others refufing to fubmit to it,
they did one another great harm; theſe va-
rious Inclinations occafioning Tumults, Wars,
Rapin, Oppreffion, Slaughter, and many
other Miſchiefs; fuch is, and was, even then
in that naked, and ignorant Age, the Power
of an inordinate Defire of Rule. The Pro-
vince of Azerbaion, or Aderbaion, as it is now
call'd, and whofe Capital is the famous City
Tabriz, or Tauris, was the nobleft, and moft
populous at that time, which made Men con-
tend the more eagerly for the Dominion of
it. The Natives confidering their preſent
Sufferings, and apprehending ftill greater
Misfortunes, confulted about the means to
redreſs the Grievances they then lay under,
and prevent thofe they fear'd might enfue,
and refolv'd to chufe a Perfon among them-
felves to whom the Government fhould be
committed. The Power of electing was
given to fuch as were thought the beſt
qualified, who pitch'd upon four, and out of
them chofe one, whofe Name was Kayumar-
ras, as being the most accomplish'd of them,
and known to be prudent, brave, generous,
affable, and endu'd with all other Virtues,
requifite in a good Governor. The Choice
was approv'd by all Perfons, with great Ap-
A King plaufe. He was not then prefent, but being
chofen, attended, they unanimoufly intreated him to
accept
[ 3 ]
accept of what was offer'd, in return for ha
ving been chofen, and preferr'd above all the
reft. He endeavour'd long to excuſe himſelf
but at length yielding to Importunity, and
preferring the publick Good before his own
private Satisfaction, he confented to take up-
on him the Government, and being condu-
cted to a publick Place, was there in the Pre-
fence of all the People, clad in a Sort of
Garment different from what was commonly
us'd, and as a particular Mark of Royalty,
they put on his Head a kind of Cap, call'd in
their Tongue Tage, being equivalent to a Tage
Crown among us, and the fame Name they the Royal
ftill give to the great Caps the Kings of Perfia
now wear, and to any other high Covering
for the Head; and the Cocks Comb is alfo
call'd Tage, whence alfo the Herb our Bota-
nifts call Criſta Gallina, is by them nam'd Tage
Corus, fignifying the fame. Thus was Kayu-
marras receiv'd as King, all Perfons kiffing
his Foot, in Token of Vaffallage, a Cuftom
us'd to this Day in that Kingdom.
Diadem:
According to Tarik Mirkond, the Perfian
Hiftorian, Kayumarras was the Son of Aram, Kayumar
the Son of Shem, the Son of Noah, whom the
ras the first
King of
Perfians call Adam affani, that is, the fecond Perfia.
Adam, for his being the fecond Father of
Mankind. As foon as Kayumarras was made
King, he enjoyn'd all Men under fevere
Penalties, to call him Adam; whence fprung
an Error among the Perfian Pagans, which
fuch of them as yet remain hold to this Day,
believing that this fame was the firſt, and
true Adam, firft Progenitor of Mankind.
Gentils
The Gentiles in the Perfian Tongue are cal- Perfian
led by three feveral Names, which are Mayucy, by call'
Maurigy, and Gaor yazdi, whereof the laft is Gaor
B z
why
the yardi.
[4]
?
,
the moft us'd for the following Reafon. The
Indian Gentiles of Guzarat, or Cambaya, com-
monly known by the Name of Baneans, among
their other Superftitions, obferve one of wor-
fhipping Cows which the Perfians call
Gao, and him that worships them Gaor, as
they do the Cow-herd Gaopon, and the Herb
we call Buglofs, or Cows Tongue, they
name Gaorabon, fignifying the fame Thing,
from Gao, a Cow, and Zabon the Tongue,
taken from the Arabick, which calls it Lecen
al Afor, which is the fame, and hence it is
that the Perfians fignifie any Gentile by this
Denomination of Gaor. Therefore they give
the fame Title to thofe, who held this Opi-
nion concerning Kayumarras, adding the Epi-
thet of Yazdi, fignifying the Gentiles of Yazd,
a City in Perfia, the Chief Refidence of thofe
Antient Natives, who adhering to their for-
mer Paganiſm, have to this Day refus'd to
embrace either the Sect of Mahomet, or that
of Hali: Thefe worship the Sun, and the
Fire, which they have moſt carefully, and
religiouſly kept lighted, without being once
extinguiſh'd for a moment,above Three Thou-
fand Years, on a Mountain, a Days Journey
from Yazd, call'd Albors Kuyb, that is, Mount
Abbors, or by another Name Atex quedab, fig-
nifying the Houſe, or Manſion of the Fire,
to attend the which many Perfons are conti-
nually employ'd. This Sect was formerly
follow'd by all thofe Nations comprehended
under the general Name of Perfia, which
were many, and very great; and they per-
fifted in it, with very little Alteration, till
the Conqueft of the Arabs, who introduc'd
theirs among most of them; and the other is
preferv'd among theſe few Gentiles; who are
fo
[ 5 ]
fo ftri& Obfervers of it, that he is reckoned
very unfortunate, who dies off that Moun-
tain where the Fire is kept, and therefore
they cauſe themſelves to be carry'd thither
from Places very remote, for fear of lofing
the Advantages they Hope to reap by dying
there. They ftill obferve the Cuftom of
their Anceſtors in burying of the dead; and
when any happen to live to a great Age;
they do not ftay ftill they die naturally, but
carry them to that, or fome other Mountain,
where they put them into certain Caves,
they have there made in fuch manner, that
the old Wretches are there left ftanding,
and without any Proviſion but the Air, and
ſo they are abandon'd and continue till they
expire; and the Wind there blowing fresh,
dryes up all their Moiſture; ſo that they are
preferv'd entire, without Corruption for ma-
ny Ages; and thither they reſort to offer
them ſweet Herbs, fragrant Flowers, and the
like, having an extraordinary Opinion of
thofe that die fo. When any one dies young, Perfian
being in doubt of his Salvation, for they tion touch
Superſti-
look upon it as moft certain, that the old ing the
Men above ſpoken of muſt be fav'd, they. Dead,
make faft the dead Body on an Afs, fo as
it may fit upright, and on his Head tie a
Veffel, with a wide Mouth, full of four
Cream, in the Perfian call'd Maft, which alſo
fignifies, a Skin, fuch as is us'd to carry Li-
quor in. With the fame Cream they daub
his Face, and Eyes, and then whipping the
Afs, make him run about the Fields, where
abundance of Crows light on him, Cuſtom
having made this familiar to them, and ſome
peck at the Cream on his Head, others at
that on his Face and Eyes, when thoſe who
follows
В 3
B
[6]
follow, obferve whether the Eye they peck'd
firſt was the right, and if fo, they conclude
he is fafe; but if the left be firft ftruck at, they
agree he is damn'd. The Heathens, who
live in Bengale, along the River Ganges, which
they call Ganga, do not much differ from
theſe in their Opinion, and Practice; for
when they grow weary of Life, either on
The like of Account of Age, or Sicknefs, they cauſe
Indians. themfelves to be laid near the River, with
a large Veffel of Water clofe ftopp'd, ty'd
to their Neck, to the End, that when the
Flood rifes as far as that reaches, or the Cur-
rent where that comes not, it may carry
them off, and they may fink immediately;
and he whom the Water happens to leave,
is look'd upon as a grievous Sinner. Thofe
who die upon Land, and are caft into the
River, which is the common Buryal Place
of the devouter Sort; if they happen to be
carry'd up and down by the Tide, without
being devour'd by fome Alligator, whereof
there are great Numbers and monftrous large,
they are ill look'd upon, and fuppos'd to be
Perfons that fuffer there for fome grievous
Sins. On the other fide, if the Alligators
fnapt them as foon as caft into the Water,
they are judg'd, and reputed to have been
And of good Livers. It is alfo well known, that the
Japoneses Japoneses ufe to put themſelves into Fones, be-
ing a Sort of Veffels, with Proviſions, and
launch out into the Sea, where having great
Stones ty'd about their Necks, they make a
Hole in the Boat, and fo fink with it; be-
lieving they go to a better and eafier Life,
and take the Proviſion to ſerve them by the
way. Some Indians in other Parts have a
Cuſtom very oppofite to that we have men-
tion'd
[ 7 ]
nor.
tion'd of Bengale, as at the River of Cranganor,
near Cochim, on the Malabar Coaft, where
there are ſome monftrous large Alligators;
for here when any Man is to clear himself The con-
of fome heinous Crime laid to his Charge, as trary at
Cranga-
Theft, Adultery, Murder, or the like, he is ob-
lig'd to ſwim over the River, which is not very
broad, and if in croffing he meets no Alliga-
tor, or is not hurt by any, he is clear'd; but
if he is devour'd, they conclude him guilty,
tho' he never was fo, and this Opinion is not
to be remov'd. In a Parcel of lflands thinly
inhabited, lying between thofe of Nicobar,
and thoſe of Tanazarim toward the Gulph
of Bengale, there lives a People fo barbarous, Barbarous
Customs.
that they eat Man's Flesh, and neither ſpare
Father, or Mother, Brethren, or Relations,
when grown old, and decrepit. They make
them get up into a Tree, which they below
fhake, and move with all their Strength, to
fee whether thofe above will fall down,
which if they do, either through Weakness,
or want of hold, they fay, they are ripe and
fit to eat, and accordingly devour them; but
if they hold faft, and will not drop, they
leave them, alledging they are not come to
Maturity. Many more fuch extravagant
Cuſtoms are to be found among the Eaſtern
Nations, which I omit for Brevity fake.
Mirkond and all the Perfian Hiftorians agree,
that Kayumarras was the firft King of Perfia,
and the firft that fettled the Exercife of Ju-
ftice, and defended it against all Enemies,
that offer'd to difturb its Quiet,
B 4
CHAP.
[8]
CHAP. II.
Of the War in Damaoand, upon the Death
of Nacek Son to Kayumarras.
K
Ayumarras was married, and had Chil-
dren, his Eldeft Son Nacek, being addi-
cted to Solitude, and the Study of Natural
Philoſophy, liv'd retir'd, with his Wife, upon
one of the Mountains of Damaoand, a City
then ftanding in the Province of Aderbaion,
which gave Name to the Mountain, and at
preſent in that of Hierak, and being a well
meaning Man, and of a ſolid Judgment, his
Father us'd ſometimes, when he had leifure
to go fpend fome time with him. One Day
Macek he went to visit him paffing into the moſt
private Part of his little Houfe, he found
Kayumar-him dead of many grievous Wounds, and
mur- tho' the ftricteft fearch was made, the Oc-
Son to
ras
der'd
Burning
of the
Dead.
cafion of his Death could not be difcover'd
at that time, nor could his Wife, who was
afterwards found, give any Account of it.
His Funeral Rites were perform'd, with ge-
neral Lamentation, which according to the
Cuftom of that Age, and Nation, confifted
in putting the dead Body into a Hole, or
Grave, and there burning it with a great
Fire made over.
This Cuftom of burning the Dead Bodies
was much practic'd through all the World,
and is ftill kept up in India, and many other
Eaftern Parts, among the Gentiles. Nor do
they only uſe to burn the Dead, but the Li-
ving alfo, it being very common for the
Wives of the deceas'd to caft themſelves in-
to
x
[9]
bands.
• Prince.
to the fame Fire with them, and fuch as Women
do it are reputed Women of Worth, and burnt wi'l
faithful to their Husbands; whereas thofe who
their Haj
do not are contemn'd, and look'd upon as
worthless, and void of all Senfe of Honour.
And it is remarkable that when Princes die,
not only their Wives, and beft beloved Wo-
men, but even their Concubines are burnt
with them; as happen'd whilft I was in
India, when the Naique of Madure, a Place
between Malabar and Coromandel, dying, four Four Hur-
Hundred of his Women were burnt with dred bun?
him. Tho' feveral have writ concerning it,
with a
the manner of burning them is this. They
dig a Pit in the ground, the Depth of a tall
Man, and a half, if need be, then the Body
being laid in it, they pile abundance of Wood
on it very orderly, that it may the better
take Fire, and ſuch as are able to do this with
Sanders, wild Eagle Wood, and fometimes
the better Sort, and other precious Trees;
over which they pour a Quantity of Oyl,
and Butter, that the Fire may take the bet-
ter. All Things being thus prepar'd, they
bring the Widow that is to be burnt, from
her Houſe to that Place, attended by all
her Kindred, and other People, clad, and
adorn'd the beft fhe can afford, and to fhow Manner of
fhe comes of her own Will, and is eafy in burning.
her Mind, the chews Betle by the way, being
a certain Herb I fhall fpeak of hereafter,
which they ufually chew upon folemn Oc-
cafions, and at other Times. When in Sight
of the Place, fhe begins to take off thofe Ör-
paments that are about her, as Rings, Brace-
lets, Chains, Pendants, Jewels worn about
the Ankles, and Rich Silks, beftowing them
on whom the pleafes, and throwing fome-
thing
[ 10 ]
thing into the Pile, then taking leave with
Expreffions of Joy, and the great Love fhe
bore her Husband, cafts herſelf into the Fire,
which immediately blazes upon all fides, and
confumes her in a moment. Some do it
much againſt their Wills, prevail'd on by
Importunity, and almoft compell'd; and
others upon this occafion, where there hap-
ned to be Portuguefe Soldiers, have told them,
they would become Chriftians, if they would
reſcue them from that Danger. This is
practis'd only among the Gentiles, of whom
there are others who have very different
Cuſtoms, which I pafs by, to return to
Kayumarras.
He having perform'd Nacek's Funeral Rites,
return'd home difconfolate, and very defirous
to know who had committed that barbarous
Act; which at length he obtain'd, being
inform'd, it had been done by the Robbers
of the Adjacent Countries ; who breaking
into his Palace, found his Son there and
Murderers murder'd him. Kayumarras letting flip no
punifh'd.
Opportunity to obtain his Revenge, at
length compafs'd it upon Intelligence, that
his Enemies had fettled in the Country of
Macarek, which fignifies, the Lands to the
Eaſtward. He fet out with a good Force,
and found them in the Country of Tabraftam,
where he fought, and overthrew them, kil-
ling many, and taking a great Number of
Priſoners, whom he employ'd in building a
City he there founded, to fecure thoſe Parts,
Balk City. calling it Balk, for the following reaſon.
Kayumarras had a Brother in the Land of
Mogareb, which fignifies Weftward, who came
as far as Damaoand, from the Place of his
Refidence, to vifit him, and not meeting
him
[ 11 ]
him there, went on to the Place where he
heard he was. Kayumarras faw, and knew
him, and after loving Embraces, to exprefs
the Satisfaction he receiv'd in feeing him,
call'd the City he was building Balk, which
fignifies a Hug, as it is call'd to this Day,
being one of the beft in the Province of
Uzbek, populous, wealthy, and warlike, as
are the reft in thofe Parts. Having put it
into a good Pofture, and plac'd Inhabitants
in it, with all Neceffaries for a Defence, he
return'd to Damaoand; and being afterwards
at Peace, founded the Cities of Stabbar,
which he made his Court, Ardauel, Kabul-
ftan, Komuz, Macron, Naciben, which is Ni-
nive, Gerion, Sagifton, and Goms; all of them
Subject to the Crown of Perfia, but ftanding
in feveral Provinces, as fhall be obferv'd
when Occafion offers.
CHAP. III.
The Birth of Siamek, Second King of
Perfia, Grandfon to Kayumarras, to
whom he refigns the Government, and
bis Death.
N
Acek at his Death, left his Wife with
Child, who was in due feaſon deli-
ver'd of a Son, call'd Siamek, whom his
Grandfather Kayumarras caus'd to be educa-
ted, and inftructed, as became fuch a Perfon, Kayumar-
and when come to years of Maturity, by ras abdi-
the Confent of the People, refign'd up the cates.
Government into his Hands, and withdrew
himſelf to live at Eafe. Siamek being en-
thron'd,
[ 12 ]
Siamek's
Death.
thron'd, marry'd; but very foon after, be-
ing inform'd that fome Enemy ravag'd his
Country, he went out to oppoſe them, and
coming to a Battle, obtain'd the Victory,
which coft him very dear, being mortally
wounded. He caus'd himſelf to be fpeedily
carry'd into his Tent, where his Wife was
big with Child, and directing his Difcourfe
to the Infant ftill in the Womb, defir'd, if it
prov'd a Man, to revenge his Death, having
Ipoken which Words he expir'd, to the great
Grief of all the Kingdom. Kayumarras took
upon him the Government again, and foon
after Siamek's Wife was deliver'd of a Son,
whom they call Ouxangh. At this time the
Enemies again invaded the Lands of Perfia,
against whom Kayumarras march'd, and over-
threw them, taking many Prifoners, fome
of whom he burnt, being inform'd they had
been guilty of the Death of the Princes.
After this Victory obtain'd, he again retir'd,
and dy'd, when he had reign'd Forty Years,
leaving the Province of Aderbaion, and the
others he had ſubdu'd in a flouriſhing and
Kayumar- peaceable Condition. Kayumarras having
been ſo much engag'd in Wars, is reputed
the Inventor of moft forts of Weapons us'd
in thoſe Parts, and particularly of all Fur-
niture for Horſes.
ras dies.
CHAR
[ 13 ]
CHAP. IV.
Of Ouxangh, Third King of Perfia, and
his Death.
Uxangh, as ſoon as of Age, was plac'd
on the Throne, and govern'd during
his Life to the Satisfaction of all Men. He
married, and had a Son call'd Tamurés. His
Enemies breaking into his Dominions with
an Army, furpriz'd him on a Mountain near
Damaoand, where he was wounded on the
Head with a Stone, whereof he dy'd, when
he had reign'd Fifty Years.
CHAP. V.
Of Tamurés Divband, Fourth King of
Perfia.
O
Uxangh being dead, his Son Tamurés,
firnam'd Divband, that is, Devil Bin-
der was fet up in his Place. The Perfians
call the Devil by thefe Three Names, Div,
Fandon, and Geyton; and in regard, that Ta-
mures gain'd many notable Victories over his
Enemies, whom the Perfians dreaded, and
hated, as they did the Devil, therefore they
gave him the Title of Divband, fignifying,
a Subduer, and Imprifoner of Devils. The
Arabs call the Devil Beliz, as alfo Geitano,
which feems to be the fame as Satan.
Tamurés Divband confidering the Damages
fuftain'd by his Subjects, during the late
Wars,
[ 14 ]
Wars, remitted all Taxes for Three Years?
He was brave, and of a Martial Spirit; yet
no lefs prudent, addicted to Peace, and a
Favourer of wife Men, whom he fought
after, and caus'd to be brought from remote
Parts, beftowing great Favours on them,
that by their Advice he might maintain Ju-
ftice, and Peace in his Dominions; and he
Firft Vi- was very fond of hunting. He created the
zier.
Dearth.
firft Wazir in Perfia, whom we corruptly call
Vizier, being the fupreme Governor of the
Kingdom, under the King; tho' all of them
have not this Soveraign Power. By his Ad-
vice Tamurés plac'd Garriſons in all the Fron
tier Towns of Aderbaion, or to ſpeak more
extenfively of Perfia. This Province of Ader-
baion, as I hinted above, is one of the chiefeft
in Perfia, from which that Monarchy derives
its Original. Some will have Tauris, its Ca-
pital, to have been formerly call'd Ecbatana,
which was taken by the Turk Selim from Scha
Thamas King of Perfia, as many have obferv'd,
and afterwards recover'd by Scha Aba's. The
many Victories obtain'd by Tamurés over his
Enemies were the occafion, that all the
neighbouring Princes, who before acknow-
ledg'd no Superior, as alfo others more re-
mote, and powerful, fubmitted themſelves to
him, putting their Dominions under his Go-
vernment, and Protection. This extraordi-
nary Profperity was follow'd by a tedious
Dearth throughout Perfia, which deftroy'd
abundance of People, and Cattle; nor did
Tamurés himſelf efcape, for he fell fick, and
dy'd at the City of Balk, in the Province
of Uzbek, when he had reign'd Thirty
Years,
CHAP
1
[ 15 ]
CHAP. VI.
Of Iambxed, Fifth King of Perfia.
T
•
Amurés Divband was fucceeded by Iambi
xed, who ſome fay was his Son, others
his Brother, or his Nephew; a Man of an
extraordinary Judgment, and Prudence, and
no lefs Reſolution. He extended his Empire
over ſeven large Provinces, all govern'd by
his Laws, and improv'd by his Care, which
he continually employ'd, to maintain them
in Peace, and free from contagious Diftem-
pers. To this purpoſe he made uſe of the
Learning of Faelafuf Rabony, and Faeyxa Gorrés, Famous
two famous Phyficians, that flouriſh'd in his Phyficians.
time; and calling to mind the great Cala-
mity, and Famine under Tamurés, he reſolv'd
to provide against the like Misfortune, cau-
fing many large Granaries to be built, in
which he laid up great Store of Provifions,
againſt a time of need. He invented Coats Inventions
of Mail, Ponyards, and other Weapons; as of Arms,
alfo the ufe of Gold Ornaments, Precious Silks, and
Jewels,
Stones, and fundry Jewels; caus'd Silks of Wine.
feveral Colours to be wove, and wore Gar-
ments of them; took Delight in Aromatical
Odours, and ſweet Scents, which he caus'd
to be brought from remote Parts, with much
Expence; and drank Wine moderately, as
reckning it good, and wholfome in a mall
Quantity, and fome will have him to be the
Inventor of it in Perfia. Iambxed had a Wo-
man Slave, whom he entirely lov'd, for her
extraordinary Beauty; fhe happen'd to be
taken with a violent Pain in the Head,
which
[ 16 ]
Of Wine.
which no Remedies could remove; fo that
efpairing of any Relief, fhe fhut herſelf up
privately in a Room, where Iambxed kept
his Wine very chearily, whereof the drank
a good Dofe, and finding herſelf more at
Eaſe ſome Hours after, repeated it ſo often,
till fhe was perfectly cur'd. She told the
King what he had done, who from that
time valu'd Wine much the more, for its
Virtue, and having reftor'd her to Health.
The Ufe of Wine is very Antient, and
therefore no Wonder it fhould be now fo
univerfal throughout the World, for I be-
lieve there is no Nation but what delights
in it; and thoſe who have not the true Wine
made of Grapes, either through Want of
Induftry, or becauſe the Soil or Climate
will not produce it, have fome other Sort
of Liquor, inftead of it, to make merry upon
their Feſtivals. There is Plenty of excellent
Wine in Perfia, which in their Language
they call Scharab, and the Natives drink it
extravagantly, carrying great Quantities of
it conceal'd in Bottles, put up in Chefts, as
if it were Perfian Rofe Water, to Labor, in
the Great Mogol's Country. At Ormuz, and
Mogoftan, and all along the Coaft of Arabia,
on the Persian Gulph, they make Two Sorts
of Liquors; the one, whereof the Principal
Ingredients are Dates, and Liquorice Leaves,
they call Arequi, from Areca, a Perfian Word,
Liquor. fignifying Sweat, which Name they give it
by way of Preference before all others. This
is the ftrongeft, and moft.dangerous Liquor
that ever was invented, and fuch as it is,
there are very notable Drinkers of it. An-
Wine of other Sort is made of Raifins infufs'd in
Raifins. cold Water, to a fixt Quantity and Propor-
Arach
tion,
The Hiftory of Perfia.
17
tion, which ferments of it ſelf, and then
fettles, and is us'd, being reckned good and
wholfome; and I have feen it made in Syria.
In India they draw Wine from the Subftance
of the Coco, call'd a Palm Tree, from the
Refemblance there is between them, and
this is done two ways. Sura flows of it felf Sura.
from the Branches, cut for that purpoſe, into
Veffels, plac'd to receive it. This they di-
ftil, and call the Spirit Orraca, or according Orraca.
to us Arack, which is alfo very strong, and
fometimes they put Raifins into it, which
takes off much of the Harfhnefs, and makes
it fofter, and the older it is, the better,
which is not fo in the Liquor made of
Water and Raifins. There is another Sort
drawn by diftilling, from another Species of
Palm Tree, call'd Nipa, growing in marshy Nipa.
Grounds this is much fofter, pleaſanter, as
clear as Water, and faid to be very whole-
fome. Abundance is made, and Ships loa-
ded with it in Pegu, Tanafarim, Malaca, and
the Philippine Islands; but that of Tanaſarim
is better than all the reft. In Arracam, and
Pegu, they make a Liquor of rotten Rice,
and call it Pamplis, [but we Arack] and it is us'd Pamplis.
at Manila, and in China, where there are fe-
veral Sorts of Liquors. The chiefeft of theſe
is that made of Lechyas, a kind of Fruit
like Strawberries, but larger, and for its
Excellency they call it Mandarine Wine, fo
we call all Perfons having any Command
in China. In the Country of the Cafres, or
Blacks of the South Part of Africk, next
to Mozambique, they make Drink of Millet,
and call it Huyembe, or Pembe. In Bengale, Huyembe.
about the Ganges, they make another Liquor or Pembe.
of Rice, call'd Modo, [and by us as the
ес
others
18
The Hiftory of Perfia.
1
Betle
Herb.
Opium,
others above Arack.] In Mexico they make
Drink of Maguey, a Plant very like that
the Aloes comes from, but much larger and
thicker ; other Indians do it with Tuca. In
fhort, there is an almoft infinite Number
of Wines, or Liquors, us'd by feveral Na-
tions; befides other Cuftoms grown fo ha-
bitual, that they cannot live without them.
For instance, the Betle in the Eaft, fo call'd
in Malabar; in the Canara, and Guzarat Lan-
guages Pam; in the Perfian, and Arabick Tam-
bul; in the Malayan, Sire, and at Manila,
Buyo, being a Leaf well known, not unlike
the Plantain, which generally all Sorts of
Perfons, from the Prince to the Peafant,
chew all Day, mix'd with a Nut they call.
Areca, but by the Perfians and Arabs Fufel,
and a little foft Lime, made of Oyfter
Shells. With it they treat Friends at their
coming in, and going away; Princes give
it as a Token of their Favour, and Lovers
to express their Affection. It is good againſt
all Pains in the Stomach, preceding from
Cold; for the Teeth and Gums, ftrength-
ning, and preferving them, and caufing a
fweet Breath; and for thefe and other Rea-
fons, they carry it to other Countries, where
it does not grow, and they put a great Value
upon it.
Next follows the Opium, by the Eaftern
Nations generally call'd Afion, mo✯ univer-
fally us'd by the Mahometans. The Perfians
by way of Preference call it Teriaca, that
is, Treacle, fo highly do they esteem this
Gum, which naturally flows from the Stems
of the Poppies without any other Mixture,
or Compofition. The Poor make ufe of
the Rhinds, and a Decoction of them in-
stead
The Hiftory of Perfia.
19
ftead of Opium; and therefore becauſe the
faid Rhinds are call'd Puft, they give thoſe
that make uſe of it the Name of Pafti, as
they do that of Afioni, to thoſe that uſe Opium ;
both which being ſpoken in Anger, are re-
proachful and injurious Words. According
to the Perfians, the ufe of this Gum was
firft brought up by Princes, and great Com
manders, whofe Reft is difturb'd by weighty
Gares, and therefore they took it to fleep;
and the common Sort being fo apt to fol-
low their Example, they foon fell into the
fame Practice; by which means it became
fo univerfal, that there are very few but
what take it; and I have feen fome die in
ſeveral Parts for want of it, and others by
taking more than they were us❜d to; for it
is a deadly Poiſon. There are two princi-
pal Sorts of it in the Eaft, the Malwy grow-
ing at Malve; and the Mecery, brought from
Mecere, that is, the City Cairo in Egypt.
There is another Liquor much us'd through-
out all Turky, Arabia, Perfia, and Syria, which
they call Kaoah, and we Coffee, which be- Coffee,
ing fo univerfally known, needs not be de- Tea, and
fcrib'd; but thofe Nations reckon it good Chocolate.
for the Stomach againſt Wind, and the He-
morrhoids, and that it creates an Appetite.
The Cha, or Tea is as common in China,
and no lefs known in our Parts; as is
alfo the Chocolate, firft brought from New
Spain.
In the Kingdoms of Guzarat, and Cam-
baya, the Natives Seafon every thing they Affa feti-
eat with, Alfa fetida, whereof I fhall fpeak da.
hereafter, and they reckon no Meat pa-
latable without it, and therefore they rub
the Veffels they drefs their Diet in with
C z
is,
20
The Hiftory of Perfia.
drunk.
it, and tho' it be unfavory, and of a loath
ſome feent to fuch as are not us'd to it,
to them Cuſtom has made it pleaſant and
reliſhable, and the want of it is very grie-
vous to them, becauſe they reckon it pre-
ferves their Health. Others generally drink
Hot Water hot Water, as on the Coaft of Coromandel,
and in China, where they make a Sort of
Tin Veffels, with Cloth Cafes and Cove-
rings, where it keeps hot a whole Day,
or longer. Others commonly chew Maftick,
particularly in Perfia, where they call it
Maftaguy, and with it fcent the Water they
drink; as the great Men do with Amber,
which they call by this fame Name, and
Abundance of it is us'd in Perfia, and Ara-
bia, brought from India; but much more
from the Coaft of Melinde, and all that of
the Blacks in Africk, along the Indian Sea,
which they call of Zanguybar, that is, the
Sea of the Blacks, from Zanguy, Black, and
Bar, the Sea. The Portugues corruptly call
it Zanzibar, and we Zanguebar: On the
Shore of this Coaft, near the Town of Brava,
in the Year 1593, was found a Piece of
Ambergreece, of fuch a monftrous Magni-
tude, that a Man fitting upon a Camel on
the one fide of it, could not be feen on
the other. Tabacco is much us'd in moft
Parts of the World, either in Smoke, or
Snuff, and ſome pretend to commend it.
Thus we find there is no enumerating the
Inventions of Men to pleaſe themſelves in
eating, drinking, and the like.
Schiraz
City.
1
To return to Iambxed, he refided for the
moft Part in the Province, and City of Sa-
giftam; and that he might be the nearer to
take care of all Parts of his Dominions upon
occafion,
The Hiftory of Perſia.
21
Parthia,
occafion, he founded a City in a moft con
venient Place, being almoft the Center of
them, and gave it the Name of Schiraz. This
is the Metropolis of the Kingdom properly
call'd Perfia, whofe Name is communicated
to all the reft that are fubject to it. The
Natives call this Kingdom Parz, as do the
Arabs, bating that they having no Letter
P, make uſe of F, and pronounce it Farz.
I could never learn the Etymology, and
Original of this Name, tho' I have endea-
vour'd it; and tho' I am not ignorant of the
great Difference Antient Authors make be-
tween the Perfians, and the Parthians; I fhall Perfia,and
not think it any Prefumption in me to the fame.
affirm, they were both the fame People,
comparing the Name they retain of Parz,
with that of Parthian; and befides the Re-
femblance of the Names, they differ not
much from the Parthians in manners, and
their Way of living and fighting. Befides,
after I was acquainted with that Country,
enquiring among Perfons in our Parts, who
were well vers'd in Hiſtory, for the Situa-
tion of Parthia, they could never afcertain
it, but after taking all their Dimenſions, at
laft concluded placing it in Perfia. How-
ever it be, the Kingdom is call'd Parz, and
the Natives, or any thing belonging to it
Parzy, that is of Perfia; for the y at the End
fignifies of, as if we fhould fay of Spain. Schie
raz; as I faid before, is the Capital of this
Kingdom, founded by Iambxed, being Twelve
Farfangbes in Compafs, and each Farfangh is
Three Thoufand Paces. It is cold, as lying
to the Northward; tho' Tauris is much col-
der, being the Metropolis of Aderbaion be-
fore fpoken of The Inhabitants of Schiraz,
C 3
are
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Perfian
are a fair People, for the moft Part beau-
tiful, and well fhap'd. It abounds in all
things neceffary for the Support of Life,
and Delight. The Language is eafy, of no
difficult Pronunciation; befides that it is uni-
verfal, not only through the Dominions of
Perfi, but in others remote; there being
few Parts in the Eaft, where the Perfian
Language. Tongue is unknown. This Language is di-
vided into Three Sorts call'd Schirazy, Ro-
ftábi, and Harmufi. The firft is the politeft
and moft regular, fpoken at Schiraz: The
fecond the vulgar, not fo much refin'd and
embellifh'd: The third has many very im-
proper Expreffions, and is more coarfe and
unpolish'd, us'd in the Ifland of Ormuz. Be-
fides this univerfal Language, common to
all Countries under the Dominion of the
King of Perfia, every Province has its pe-
culiar Tongue, as we in Europe have béfides
the Latin. This is none of the largeſt King-
doms the King of Perfia rules, but rather
the leaſt of them, and yet it contains fome
confiderable Towns, and Cities, which I
ſhall ſpeak of in particular as they occur:
From Schiraz they carry to other Parts Pro-
vifions, Wool, Hides, and other Commo-
dities it abounds in, as alfo vaft Quantities
of moft excellent diftill'd Rofe Water, I
fay diftill'd, to diftinguish it from that which
is made by Decoction. The Quantity made
here is fo great, that all the Eaft is plen-
tifully furnish'd with it from Schiraz. Here
is alfo found that fecond Sort of bittter
Coftus, by the Perfians, and Arabs commonly
call'd Koft; but by the firft of them more par-
Coftus. cularly Koft talk, that is, bitter Coftus, to
diſtinguiſh it from the ordinary Sort brought
from
The Hiftory of Perfia.
23
from India, which they name Koft Scherin,
that is, fweet Coftus.
lated.
When Iambxed had built the City Schiraz, Govern-
and fettled his Court in it, he apply'd him- ment regu-
felf to regulate the Government, which till
then had been confufe, and diſorderly. He
committed the general Care of it to Men
of known Wiſdom; gave a diftin&t Jurif-
diction to Soldiery; order'd the Husband-
men, and Peaſants not to intermeddle with
other Affairs, and prefcrib'd Bounds to Han-
dicrafts, giving Rules, and Methods to them
all, fo that each Condition might be fatis-
fy'd in their Calling. He enacted whole-
fome Laws, and ftudy'd the Good of all
his People, by which means Perfia, in his
Days, enjoy'd Peace, Plenty, and Health,
till all this Profperity was converted into
Mifery, and Trouble, for Iambxed, puff'd up
with Succefs, and Profperity, and attribu-
ting all to his own Wiſdom, and Power,
caus'd himſelf to be ador'd as a God, or- Iambxed
dering his Statues to be fet up in publick
Places, and all Perfons to pay him divine
Honours under Pain of Death. This his
Folly, and Prefumption was not long 'un-
puniſh'd; for a famous General, call'd Abad,
Kinfman to Iambxed, revolting in the Pro-
vince of Sagistam, rais'd a powerful Army,
and gave the Command of it to his Ne-
phew Zoabk, who march'd to Schiraz, where
he found Iambxed ready to receive him,
with no leſs numerous Forces, whom he
fought, and routed. lambxed fled, but was
taken, and brought to Zoabk, who caus'd
him to be kill'd in his Prefence; leaving
a very young Son call'd Fraybdun, by a
Woman
C 4
ador'd as
a God.
Is kill'd
24
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Woman whofe Name was Framak; who
hearing of Iambxed's Difafter, abfconded
with her Son, where fhe could not be
found.
Zoahk
CHAP. VII.
Zoahk ufurps the Crown of Perfia, and
is the Sixth King, makes Search for
Frayhdun, Kaoah riſes, and kills him,
and puts Fraydhun into Poffeffion of
the Kingdom.
Z
Oabk, the Ufurper took Poffeffion of
the Throne, being Nephew to Iambxed,
defcended from Kayumarras, and Son to
Helwan, a Renowned Man, lineally defcended
in a direct Line from the Kings of Arabia.
This Zoabk was much addicted to the Stu-
Learned, dy of Natural Philofophy, and well skill'd
but base. in it; but in other Refpects of a perverfe
Inclination, paffionate, deform'd, of a dread-
ful Countenance, and hated by all Men,
He had a long Life, and much of it heal-
thy;
but after he had been fome time ſet-
Falls Sick, led in the Government, he fell fick of a
Distemper, the Phyficians could never find
any Cure for. Being in Defpair of reco-
vering, and mov'd by the Inftigation of the
Devil, at the Perfwafion of fome Sor-
cerer he fancy'd nothing could cure
him, but an Oyntment made fresh every
His inbu- Day, with Men's Brains, and was fo po-
mian Cure. fitive in this Conceit, that he immediatley
put
The Hiftory of Perfia.
25
put it in Execution, caufing many Perfons
of both Sexes, and all Ages to be kill'd.
This horrid Practice was the occafion of
much Slaughter throughout the City; which
mov'd the wiſer fort to fpeak to Zaabk,
and perfwade him, not to make uſe of
ſo inhuman a Medicin; and they prevail'd
that he fhould fupply it with Sheeps Brains,
inftead of thofe of Men, alledging many
Reaſons, why they were more proper for
the end he defign'd them. Yet neither
did thefe, nor the others afford any Relief
to his Difeafe, which is faid to have been
caus'd by Two Worms, or Snakes that
gnaw'd his Vitals. In this Miſery he liv'd
Tome Years, during which time, he is repor-
ted one Night to have Dreamt, that Three
Men came up to him, one of which kill'd His
him with a ftroke of a Club on the Head, Dream
and the other Two, taking off his Girdle,
ty'd his Feet with it, and dragg'd him to
the Mountains of Damaoand.
Honour,in
Girdles, or Safhes ever were, and ftill Girdles, or
are Badges of Honour, and Dignity in Per- Sabes
fia, and by their Workmanship, and the Badges of
matter they are made of, the Quality of Perfia.
each Perfon is known, and therefore we
make mention of them. The Golden is
Nobler than that which is of Silver, that
which is adorn'd with precious Stones, more
honourable than either, and others of ſmal-
ler value proportionably lefs. Thus every
Man at Court wears a Safh, or Girdle
fuitable to his Poft; but new marry'd Peo-
ple, during the Wedding Solemnity, are
allow'd to wear Safhes, or Feathers, which
are alfo Tokens of Nobility, and I have
feen fome of them. Thefe Girdles are ge-
ד -
nerally
26
The Hiftory of Perfia.
nerally like thofe formerly worn by the
The fame Women in Spain, and Portugal. Nor is this
in China.only us'd in Perfia; for in China, the prin-
J
cipal Diftinction of the Mandarines, who
are the Magiftrates, and Officers, to de-
note their Poft, and Authority, is a Girdle
and a particular fort of Cap, without
which they cannot fit in Judgment, or give
any Orders; nor whilft they have them on
can they be Try'd, or Punifh'd; but muft
firſt be ftripp'd of thefe Ornaments. To
this purpoſe I will here tell what hap'ned
in China, to a Portuguese, that was made a
Mandarine, when firft that Nation Traded
thither. He was by that King rais'd to
the Dignity of a Judge, and happen'd to Con-
vict a Chinese Mandarine, his Inferior, of
fome Offence, which deferv'd Puniſhment,
which generally among the People of that
Country confifts in Baftinadoing, with a
fort of Cudgels they call Hupos. The Por-
tugueſe was fo hot, and hafty, that he caus'd
him to be Baftinado'd with the Enfigns
of his Dignity on; which was fo highly
refented, that he was depos'd, and all his
Nation declar'd incapable of any Employment
Portugues ever after. This was afterwards confirm'd
Injustice. upon Experience of their Injuftice, which
!
hap'ned in this manner. A Slave belong-
ing to a Portugueſe having kill'd a Chineſe,
was taken by thofe People, and proceeded
againſt to Conviction; then they carry'd
the Priſoner before the Portugueſe Judge, re-
fiding at Macao, a Portuguefe Colony in an
Ifland, on the Coaft of China, near the
City of Canton. They brought the Crimi-
nal, and laid the Proceſs before the ſaid
Judge in Court; for him to give Judg
menta
The Hiftory of Perfia.
*27
ment, according to the Laws of Portugal.
He to fave that Man, and for his own In-
tereft acquitted him, for it was affirm'd,
that the Mafter of the Slave had corrupted
him, with the Promife of a Babar of Silk,
which is Three Hundred Weight. The
Chineſe being fenfible of this infolent Pro-
ceeding, deliver'd the Slave; but for the
future were more upon their Guard. They
behav'd themſelves after a quite different
manner, in a Cafe, which is a great De-
monftration of their Integrity, and I will
briefly recount, as well worthy to be known.
A Butcher was accus'd of Fraud, in the Justice of
Chineſes.
Weight of the Meat he Sold, as being an
Ounce fhort in every Cafe, confifting of
Twenty Ounces, upon Conviction, it was
adjudg'd that for as long a time as he had.
practis'd that Cheat, he fhould in every
Cafe, or Twenty Ounces allow as much
more as he had before given fhort, to the
end that thus the Publick might receive
Satisfaction the fame way it had been
wrong'd. The Judgment was executed, and
when the time was expir'd, they hang'd
the Butcher for the Offence he had been
guilty of, and thus he fuffer'd the Punifhent
and made Reftitution. Such is the Go-
vernment of the Chinese who among the
reft have this Law, that if a Merchant Notable
Breaks, the Creditor that trufted him laft Chinefe
with Goods, or Mony, has the Preference Law.
before all others, and is firft Paid. The
Reaſon they alledge for it is, becaufe fay
they, it's moft juft that the Goods found
fhould belong to the laft that dealt with
him, and not to thofe before, all whofe
Stock is spent, and gone. To return to
the
28
The Hiftory of Perfia.
the Girdles, or Safhes, it appears they de-
note fome Preheminence among the Java-
nefes, tho' they are a barbarous, and unpo-
liſhed People, and they look upon them
Girdles in as principal Ornaments, and figns of Gen-
Java.
tility; for the beft Commodity that can
be carry'd among them is, a fort of Gir-
dles, made at Cambaya, in India, thence
tranſported to Malaca, and ſo to Java, be-
ing made of Silk, curiouſly wrought, call'd
Patolas, well known among the Indian
Merchants, fome whereof are for Kings,
and Princes, others for Noblemen,
and
others for the common Sort. We alſo read
in the Book of Maccabees Chap. 10. That
In Egypt. Alexander, King of Egypt, intending to ho-
nour Jonathan, fent him a Gold Girdle, then
ufually worn by the Kings Kindred, Re-
lations, and Favourites; and thus much may
fuffice touching Girdles.
Zoahk's
To return to Zoabk, he wak'd out of his
Dream ex- Dream, crying out aloud; call'd together
pounded. all his Wife Men, and told them his Dream.
They declar'd, it was their Opinion he
would be depriv'd of his Kingdom, and Life.
He apprehended that Difafter might be
brought upon him by Fraybdun, the Son of
Iamxed; for whom he caus'd strict fearch
to be made, was inform'd where he was,
and went himſelf to find him; but his Mo-
ther Framak hid him. Zoabk inrag'd that
Searches he could not find him, vented his Malice
for Frayh- upon Afpeon; Father to Framak, and killď
dun.
him. When he was gone, Framak to remove
all Sufpition there might be grounded on
her continuing in that Place, went away,
recommending the Care of her Son to a
Herdfman. Zoahk made a fecond ſearch for
Fraybdun
The Hiftory of Perfia.
29
ahk.
Fraybdun, whom, and himſelf the Cow-herd
hid in a Cave, he had made for that pur-
poſe, and not being to be found, Zoabk re-
veng'd himſelf on the Cows, caufing many
of them to be Slaughter'd. In the City Hi-
Sphaon, or Ipahan, as we call it, being the
Capital of the Province of Hierak, in Perfia,
and ſometimes the Refidence of it's Kings,
liv'd a powerful, and brave Man, call'd
Kaoah, with the Additon of Angar, which Kaoah
in the Perfian, fignifies a Smith, and for his ifes a-
living in Hifphaon, they farther gave him the gift Zo
Name of Hifphaony. Zoabk had kill'd Two
Sons of his, Men of Worth, and Note, and
he thirfting after Revenge, confpir'd with
others that were difgufted at Zoabk, to
furprize Zoabk's Garriſon at Hifphaon, as ac-
cordingly they did, killing, and taking ma-
ny Priſoners, ſo that they made themſelves
Mafters of the City. Having provided
for the Security of the Place Kaoah rais'd
all the Forces he could, and began to over-
run the Lands of Perfia, taking feveral Ci-
ties, which furrend'red without any Oppo-
fition. Zoabk's Forces attack'd him feveral
times, and were as often overthrown. He
encouraged by Succefs, regulated his Army,
and march'd directly towards Damaoand, the
Refidence of Zoabk, in his way taking the
City Hrey, formerly Capital of the Kingdom
of the fame Name, adjoyning to Korafon.
Manna.
This City of Hrey is Famous, both for it's Hrey City
Greatneſs, and for fome things it is ftor'd has the best
with, among which I fhall only ſpeak of
the Manna, in regard it is the beft, and pu-
reft hitherto known in the World, and great
Quantities of it are tranfported thence to
Ormuz, and from that City throughout all
the
30
The Hiftory of Perſia.
the Eaft. Manna in the Perfian Tongue is
called Schir queft, fignifying the Milk of the
Tree Quest, from Schir, which is Milk in their
Other Sorts Language; tho' it alfo fignifies a Lion, and
of it.
·
Quest is the Name of the Tree it flows from.
There is alſo much of it gather'd about ano-
ther City of Perfia, call'd Rey Scharear, in the
Province of Hierak, but not ſo good. There
is another Sort of Manna in feveral Parts
of Perfia, which they call Toraniabin, very
like the Seed of dry Coriander, growing up-
on a fort of Plant like wild Thiftles, and
this is extraordinary fine, and fafe; and as
fuch the Perfians commonly give it to In-
fants, and Women with Child, when out of
order, and double the Quantity of what they
adminifter of the other. On the Coaft of
Africk, towards the Indian Sea, near Mo-
zambique, are Two Iſlands, Aniza, and Que-
rinba, where there is alfo a confiderable
Quantity of Manna gather'd; but much in-
ferior to all that above mention'd in Good-
nefs; for whereas that of Perfia is White,
Soft, Sweet, well Tafted, and in Grains,
like thofe of Frankincenfe, or Maftick
that of the faid Iſlands is hard, in Lumps,
of a brownish Red, hot in the Mouth, and
not fo Laxative, tho' it's Operation is good.
From Bazora, a City at the bottom of the
Perfian Gulph, on the Rivers Tigris, and
What it is. Euphrates, is brought a fort of Manna in
Skins, being like thick Honey. All Man-
na whatſoever is the Gum of a Tree, pro-
duc'd as others are; and what they tell of
the Dew, and other Stories relating to it, are
all Inventions, or Mif-informations.
•
As foon as Kaoah Angar Hifphaony had pof-
fefs'd himſelf of Hrey, he took a Review of
his
The Hiftory of Perfia.
31
his Forces, and acquainted them, that all he
had done till then, proceeded from his Zeal
for the Liberty of his Country; that now
the Enemy was before them, at a fmall Di-
ftance, and therefore before he came to a Kaoah fe
Battle, he thought it convenient to find out Crown.
fufes the
a Perſon that fhould govern them, in caſe
it pleas'd God to give him the Victory. They
all unanimously faluted him King, alled-
ging, that Honour was due to none but
him for his Valour, and Worth. He excus'd
himſelf, declaring he would not fully all his
Actions with the Title of an Ufurper. Frayh-
dun was propos'd, he caus'd him to be found
out, brought into the Army, and Proclaim'd
King, delivering up to him all the Trea-
fure he had. Then ranging their Battle,
they March'd towards Zoahk, who advanc'd
to meet them. The Battle prov'd Bloody,
but Zoabk was routed, and taken; and be- Kills Zo-
ing brought before Frayhdun, they dafh'd ahk, who
out his Brains with a Club, then taking to be Zo-
is thought
off his Girdle, ty'd his Feet with it, and roaftes.
dragg'd him to the Mountains of Damaoand,
as he had Dreamt. Zoabk by the Perfians ex-
tolling his Knowledge in natural Philofo-
phy, by his long Life, and the Similitude
of the Names, may be fuppos'd to be the
fame as Zoroaftes.
CHAP.
32
The Hiftory of Perfia
CHAP. VIII.
Frayhdun, the Seventh King of Perfia,
being rais'd to the Throne of Perfia,
entertains, and honours Kaoah, mar-
ries, and has Children, they make War
among themfelves, and other Particu
lars till his Death.
THE
HE aforefaid Victory being obtain❜d over
Zoabk, upon whofe Death Fraybdun
was feated on the Throne of Perfia, he
apply'd himſelf to the Government of it,
and having fettled all things at Home, fent
Kaoab, whom he appointed General of all his
Forces, with a confiderable Army towards
General Mogareb, that is, the Weſtern Countries;
Kaoah
dun's
and his own Kinfman Garracef with ano-
ther towards Maxarek, that is, the Eaft, to
Conquer. Kaoab fpent 20 Years abroad,
during which time he fubdu'd feveral King-
doms, and Provinces, and at the end of it
Fraybdun call'd him home, and made him
Lord of Hifphaon, and Aderbaion. He was
well receiv'd by thofe People, whom he
govern'd to theirs, and the Kings liking
for Ten Years, and then dy'd, much Re-
gretted by Frayhdun, who left his Goods
to his Relations, and fent for his Children
to Court, whom he Honour'd and Pre-
ferr❜d.
Frayh- Fraybdun took to Wife a Daughter of
Zoabk, whom he had kill'd, and befides an
Wives, and elder Son call'd Irege, by a Noble Perfian
Children. Woman, had Two by this, whom he nam'd
Salur, and Tur, which Two prov'd Wicked,
and
The Hiftory of Perfia.
33
and of their Grandfather Zoabk's Difpo-
fition. Irege was Courteous, and Affable
and therefore belov'd, honour'd, and refpe-
cted by all Men, which was a great Satif-
faction to his Father, who lov'd him bet-
ter than the others. Perfia at that time
flouriſh'd in Peace, and Power, and Frayb-
dun, who labour'd under Age, and Infir-
mities, intending to fettle the Affairs of
his Kingdom, Affembled the Nobility, and
propofing to them the Affair of the Suc-
ceffion, ask'd their Advice about it. They
all unanimouſly Voted for Irege, which was
pleafing to Frayhdun; yet believing it might
be a means to prevent Troubles, he divi-
ded his Dominions among them after this
manner. To Salm he gave Magareb, that Divides his
is, the Weſtern Countries; to Tur, Maxarek, among
or the Eaftern, and to Irege, Perfia, Affyria, them.
and Mefopotamia, with the Title of King,
and Soveraignty over his Brothers. Having
affign'd each of them the Limits of their
Jurifdiction, he fent the Two, with each
an Army, into their Dominions, that is Salm
into the Weft, and Tur to the. Eaft.
Dominions
Tur.
Tur being come into the Dominions his Turon C
Father had given him, pitch'd upon a Place
ty built by
he thought moft convenient, where he
founded a City, from his Name call'd Tu-
ron, as was that whole Kingdom, and Coun-
try Turkeſtam, which it fill retains.
The
City is feated above the Caspian Sea, at a
Imall diftance Eaftward, in the Lands call'd
Maurenabar. This was the firft Rife, and Original
Original of the Turks, and hence they came of Turks
and poffefs'd themſelves of what they now
hold. So that the City, and Kingdom of
Turon and Turkeſtam, fignifying the Province,
D
OX
34
The Hiftory of Perfia.
or Country of Tur, had their Names from
this Tur, and not from the Teucri, nor Thras
cians, and in the fame manner they call
the Lands, or Region of India, Induſtan;
that of Arabia, Arabistam; and that of the
Rumes, or Romans, Rumeftam; and the Men
of Turon, or Turkeftam, the Perfians, and
Arabs call, Turk, or Turkmans. This fhows
how ridiculous, and groundleſs any other
Original affign'd to the Turks is; and for
as much as thefe Two Names of Turk, and
Rume, are generally confounded, eſpecially
by the Portugueſes in the Eaft, as not know-
ing the difference there is between them,
I will here briefly give an Account of it.
Tho' there are feveral Nations ferving in
the Turkish Armies, they are commonly
reduc'd to thefe Two Sorts of Turks, and
Rumes. The firft are thoſe, we have but
now ſpoken of, or their Of-fpring, who
leaving the Country of Turkeftam, invaded
Perfia, as they had done feveral times be-
fore, and will appear in the Sequel of
this Hiftory. Theſe in proceſs of time, ad-
vancing ftill forward, at laft poffeffed them-
felves of the Empire of Conftantinople, which
they ftill hold, and is by us call'd Turky,
becaufe fubject to the Turks, and their
chief Place of Refidence. The Perfians,
Arabs, and other Eaſtern Nations, call all
thofe Rumes who ferve under the Turkish
Banners, and came not from Turkeftam, nor
are defcended from thofe that did, and the
Word fignifies the fame as Romans, for when
Conftantine the Great tranflated the Em-
pire from Rome to Bizantium, calling it
Conftantinople, that is, the City of Conftan-
time, by the Perfians nam'd Conftantinea, and
by
The Hiftory of Perfia.
35
pean,
by the Turks, and Arabs corruptly Iftambol,
the Greeks call'd thofe that came with him
Romi, importing Romans, and the Turks
and Perfians pronouncing the Word amifs,
fay Rumy; and by this Denomination they
always did, and ftill do diftinguiſh all that
are of thoſe Parts, whether Greeks, or of
any other Nation formerly fubject to the
Grecian Empire, but more properly the
Greeks themfelves. Thus Turk, or Turkman
fignifies a Man come from Turkeftam, and
Rumy as it were a Roman, fignifies a Greek;
and the Name of Frangue denotes any Frangue,
Chriftian whatfoever, becaufe the French any Euro-
were the first known in thofe Parts, which
they enter'd with their Arms. Hence it is
that as we call the Venereal Difeafe, the
French Pox, fo the Perfians call it, Doney
Franguy, fignifying the fame. The Canarines,
an Eaftern Nation in India, with fome
fmall corruption, name the Portugueses, and
white European Chriftians Franguy, and the
Pox Fringuy. I fay the white and European
Chriftians, to diftinguish them from the
Black ones of the Eaft, whom they call
by the Name of Nafarah, being an Ara-
bick Word, which the Portugueses pronounce
Nafaranes, (and doubtless comes from Na-
zareth.) By what has been faid, it will
be eafy for the future to underftand, that
when we fhall have occafion to fpeak of
Turon, or Turkeftam, it fignifies Turky; not
that Country we now call fo, on account
of it's being fubject to the Turks, but that
properly fo call'd above the Cafpian Sea,
whence thofe People came. So when we
mcption Rumestan, it imports the Roman
D 2
A 1
}
36
The Hiftory of Perfia.
J
or Conftantinopolitan Empire, and by the
King of the Rumes, or of Rumeftan is meant.
the Roman, or Greek Emperor, and at pre-
fent the Grand Seignior; tho' they alſo give
him the Title of Cayfar Rumy, that is, Ro-
man Cæfar, as fhall be obferv'd in it's
Place.
To return to Salm, and Tur, they were
both diffatisfy'd to be Subject to a Baftard
Brother, refolv'd to caft off the Yoke, and
having advis'd together by Letter, took
Salm, and
Tur rebel, the Field with each of them an Army.
They joyn'd in the Province of Aderbaion,
and thence writ to their Father Fraybdun,
complaining of the wrong he did in pre-
ferring their Baftard Brother before them,
which was the Occafion of their advancing
to that Place, yet as foon as he was de-
pos'd from that Honour, and Soveraignty,
they would immediately return peaceably
from whence they came, otherwife they
fhould be oblig'd to maintain their Right.
This was a great Surprize to Fraybdun,
who order'd Irege to prepare to
them with all poffible Speed. Irege was
for compofing this Difference by fair means
without Bloodshed, and therefore propos'd
to his Father, to go treat with them,
who would not confent, but reprov'd him
feverely. Yet he being zealous for the
Peace, and Welfare of the Kingdom, and
hoping to prevail upon his Brothers, went
away to them, taking along with him fe-
veral of the wifeft, and graveft Men about
their Bro- the Court. They having obtain'd their
they Irege. Wifh, as foon as they had him, chopp'd
off his Head, and fent it to his Father,
Behead
meet
who
The Hiftory of Perfia.
37
who being touch'd at that difmal Sight,
rent his Garments, expreffing moft grie-
vous Sorrow. Irege left a Son, call'd Ma- Manucher
nucher, whom Frayhdun fubftituted in his Irege's Son
routs them.
Father's Place, and he made War on
Salm, and Tur, never defifting till he had
overthrown them in Battle. They, to fave
their Lives, lay down among the Dead,
but being carefully fought after, were
found, and brought before Manucher, who
as he fate on Horfeback cut off Tur's Head,
with his Sword; and Salm drop'd down
Dead with Fear. Thus they both ended
their Days, and of their Armies, above
200000 Men were made Prifoners, befides
thoſe that fled and were kill'd. Frayhdun
was now become Blind, and very Sickly,
fo that when Manucher came to him, after
his Victory, not feeing, he ask'd who he
was? He anfwer'd, I am your Grandfon
Manucher, the Revenger of Irege's Blood,
and Slayer of Salm, and Tur. Frayhdun
hearing thefe Words, embrac'd, and kiffing
him often, with extraordinary Tokens of
Affection, and Joy, took the Tage, or Gol-
den Cap, which was the fame as the Crown
among us, from his own Head, and put
it on his, as a Confirmation of his beſtow-
ing the Kingdom on him. Then appoin-
ting Som, the Son of Narimen, a brave,
and wife Man, his Wazir, or Prime Vizier,
he died well pleas'd. Fraybdun was a good Frayhdun
King, Wife, and a favourer of fuch as dies.
were fo; very Refolute, and Generous,
and there are many honourable Stories told
of him, which I pafs by for Brevity fake.
According to the Perfian Computation, they
D 3
tell
38
The Hiftory of Perfia.
tell us, that Abraham liv'd in the Days of
this King Fraykdun.
Strange
Birth of
Zal.
CHAP. XIX.
Of Manucher the Eighth King of
Perfia.
Manucher;
Anucher, the Son of Irege, and Grand-
fon of Frayhdun, having taken up-
on him the Government of his Kingdoms,
and confidering the great extent thereof,
fent his Wazier, or Vizier Som Narimon to
rule the Eastern Parts. During his Refi
dence there he had a Son Born to him,
who came into the World cover'd all
over with thick white Hair. Som Narimon
was much furpriz'd, and concern'd at this
unufual Birth, gave the Infant the Name
of Zal, and took Care of his Education.
Manucher hearing of this Child, fent for
him, he was carry'd to Court by his Fa-
ther, and the King having feen him, con-
fulted his Wife Men about that ftrange
Accident, who all affur'd him, the Boy
would prove a renowned Warrior. The
King took a Kindneſs to him, and order'd
he fhould be left at Court, where he was
bred up, till of Age to be affiftant to his
Father Som Narimon, to whom he then
went, and being found of a regnant Wit,
was by him appointed Governor of the
Lands of Nimrues, that is, the Southern
Country, where Zal refided, 'fpending what
leifure time he had in Hunting. He hap'ned
once
T
The Hiftory of Perfa.
39
Zal and
once to be ſo intent upon that Sport, that
paffing beyond his own Limits, he enter'd
upon the Government of Kabulstam, which
was alſo fubordinate to his Father, who
had put it under the Direction of one of
his Commanders call'd Merahb. This Man
being inform'd of his coming, went out to
meet and receive him, with Prefents of very
great Value, and having kiff'd his Hand,
fet up Tents for him in the Field, accor
ding to his Quality, and return'd home him-
felf, where he never ceas'd extolling Zal's
Virtue, good Qualities, and Bravery, before
his Wife, and a moft beautiful Daughter he
had, call'd Rudabah. This fo far prevail'd 4mous of
upon the Maiden, that he fell in Love, Rudabah.
without feeing him, which fhe contriv'd to
let him know, and to that purpoſe fent
many beautiful Women Slaves fhe had in-
to the Fields, to gather Flowers, with Or-
ders in their Return home, to pass by Zal's
Tent, who faw them, and ask'd, who they
were? Anfwer was made, that they were
Slaves belonging to the beautiful Rudabah,
Daughter to Merabb, whofe Form and Per-
fections were highly extoll'd. Zal foon found
himſelf inclin'd to love, and contriv'd to
have fome Meffages pafs between them,
till at length they had a private Interview,
joyn'd Hands, and made a folemn Engage-
ment to marry one another.
This done,
Zal took his leave of Merabab, and return'd
to Numruz, where he was fo melancholy,
and restless, for the Want of Rudabab's Com-
pany, that not being able any longer to
bear it, he went away to his Father Som
Narimon, whom he acquainted with his Paf-
D4
fion,
40
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Afrafiab
rebells.
fion, begging they might both go to Court,
to obtain the King's Leave for him to marry,
which his Father could not refufe him.
Accordingly they repair'd to the King's
Prefence, who, tho' with fome Reluctancy,
gave his Confent. They return'd to Ka-
bulftam, where the Nuptials of Zal, and Ru-·
dabah were celebrated, the Fruit whereof
was a Son call'd Roftam, for whoſe fake
this is fo particularly mention'd, becauſe we
fhall have much occafion to ſpeak of him
hereafter.
Manucher had now govern'd his Domi-
nions in Peace, for the ſpace of Fifty Years,
when a Commander call'd Afrafiab, the Son
of Paxangh, King of Turqueftam, rebell'd in
that Country, on Pretence of revenging
the Death of Tur, raifing Men, and forming
an Army, to invade Perfia. Manucher met,
Routs Ma. and gave him Battle, but was overthrown,
nucher and purfu'd by Afrasiab to the Fortreſs of
Amal, where he fhut himſelf up, and was
befieg'd by his Enemy, who having in vain
fummon'd him to furrender, refolv'd not to
depart till he was Mafter of the Place. His
Commanders were of another Opinion, be-
cauſe the Fort was impregnable, and well
provided with all Neceffaries, befides, that
Winter was at Hand, and they wanted Pro-
vifions. However Afrafiab was pofitive, not
to depart, and they no lefs refolute not to ſtay,
which he underſtanding, and apprehending
fome ill Confequence, he propos'd fome Ac-
commodation with Manucher. The Treaty
was manag'd by one Arexe, a wife and ex-
perienc'd Man, who brought it to a Conclu-
on, appointing the famous River Febun, the
Boundary
The Hiftory of Perfia.
41
-
Boundary between Perfia, and Turqueftam.
The Peace being ratify'd on both fides, Afra- They make
fiab went away to Turon, or Turqueftam, and Peace,
Manucher departing the Fortreſs of Amal, took
his way through the City Rey, to Sagiftam,
where he kept his Court. No fooner had
Afrafiab left Perfia, than Manucher began to
raife Forces against him, and he hearing of
it return'd, and wafted that Country; but
Manucher fell upon him with fuch Fury, that
he was routed, and many of his Men taken.
Manucher having reign'd many Years, and
being grown old and fickly, dy'd, leaving the Manucher
Crown to his Son Naudar, with much pru- dies.
dent and wholeſome Advice for the Govern-
ment of his People.
CHAP. X.
Of Naudar, the Ninth King of Perfia,
who is taken, and kill'd by Afrafiab.
T
,
HE News of Manucher's Death, and
Naudar's fucceeding in the Throne,
was foon brought into Turkeftam where
Paxangb the King of that Country, and Fa-
ther to Afrafiab, calling together his Sons,
advis'd them not to let flip fuch an Op-
portunity. Afrafiab, as beft acquainted with
the Affairs of Perfia, was the forwardeft,
and gathering an Army of Four Hundred
Thouſand Horfe and Foot, march'd towards
Sagiftam. Naudar hearing of it, immediately
fent Orders to Som Narimon, Father to Zal,
who ftill govern'd Kabulftam, tho' very old,
.
to
42
The Hiftory of Perſia.
to joyn him as foon as poffible, with all
New War the Forces he could gather, which he did,
with Afra- and they confulted together what was beft
fiab.
Single
Combat.
to be done. Som advanc'd to meet Afrafiab,
but dy'd by the way of Age, which much
rejoyc'd Afrafiab. Naudar thinking Som was
before him, marched with the reft of the
Troops, by the way of Mazandaron, and
when he leaft thought of it, met with the
Enemy, halted, and encamped. It was an
Antient Cuſtom in the Wars between the
Perfians, and their Neighbour Nations, to
begin their Battles by fingle Combats, after
which the Armies engag'd. Thus both Par-
ties being in Sight, a Soldier call'd Bazmon
come forward from among the Turks, to
give the Challenge, and was anfwer'd on
the Perfian Side by one Kabad, Grandfon
to Kaoah Angar, before ſpoken of in the
Life of Frayhdun. They fought, and Kobad
kill'd Bazmon, returning to the Camp with
his Spoils. The Turks provok'd by this
Difgrace, immediately drew out and fell
upon Naudar. In the Heat of the Battle
there fell fuch a heavy Rain, and it grew
fo dark, that the Two Armies were parted.
Naudar was fufficiently convinc'd by this
firft Shock, that he was not able to with-
ftand Afrafiab; and therefore calling Two
Sons he had with him, the one call'd Thus,
and the other Goftam, he bid them go away
to Sagiftam, with Caren Brother to that Ko-
bad, who fought in fingle Combat, where
gathering their Family and Treafure, they
hould convey them to Abbors Kub; which
as was faid before is the Mountain, where
the Heathen Perfians to this Day keep, and
Worſhip the Fire. Afrafiab was inform'd of
the
The Hiftory of Perfia.
43
taken.
the Orders Naudar had given, and fent after
them one of his Commanders call'd Karah-
bon, who overtook and engag'd them. Ca-
ren was kill'd, but the Princes efcap'd. In
the mean while, Afrafiab perceiving that
Naudar difmay'd, attack'd him again, and Naudar
overthrew him, killing abundance of Per- routed and
fians, and taking all that efcap'd alive con-
trary to his own Inclination; for he or-
der'd they fhould be all put to the Sword,
but his Brother Agarirés obftructed it. Nau-
dar and moft of his Commanders were made
Prifoners, whom Afrafiab caus'd to be fe-
cur'd in a Fort. After this Victory, Afra-
fiab fent away one of his Commanders with
Thirty Thoufand Men to Sagiftam Naudar's
Court, which he eafily gain'd. The Fame
of this Victory was foon fpread abroad, and
being brought to Merabb, Father in Law
to Zal, he ſpeedily made up a confiderable
Prefent, of valuable Things, and fent it to
Afrafiab, giving him to understand, that
he was defcended from the Family of Zo-
akk his Kinfman, and Subject to the Kings
of Perfia by Compulfion; but that fince
there was Kindred between them, he was
more willing to ferve him, and pay the
fame he had done to the others. At the
fame time, he gave Advice very privately,
and with all Expedition to his Son in Law
Zal, of what was tranfacting. He hearing
it, gather'd fome Forces, and making all
poffible haſte came to Sagistam, which be-
ing unprovided, he eafily poffefs'd himſelf
of. Afrafab was much concern'd at this
Accident, and in a Rage order'd Naudar's
Head to be cut off, who dy'd thus, when His Death.
he had reign'd Seven Years.
CHAP.
44
The Hiftory of Perfia.
CHAP. XI.
;
Afrafiab fubdues Perfia the Perfians
affifted by his Brother Agarires, revolt
against him, for which he puts him
to Death.
A
Frafiab having fubdu'd Perfia, his Father
Paxangh became King of it, and Tur-
keftam; but Afrafiab govern'd tyrannically,
which provok'd the Perfians to confpire a-
gainst him, imploring the Affiftance of A-
garires, by the Interpofition of one Kabaren,
a wife and brave Perfian. He directed them
Zal makes to call Zal, and begin the War, and they
fhould foon fee how much he would do
Afrafiab. for them. Zal, who was then at Sagiftam,
War on
للام
was fent to, who came fpeedily, and having
provided all Things, commenc'd the War,
fending Ghexuad, a famous Commander to-
wards Tabraftam, to ftir up thofe Countries.
This could not be done fo privately, but
that Afrafiab had notice of it, who being
thoroughly inform'd of what was in hand,
and that his Brother Agarires held Intelli-
gence with the Perfians, caus'd him to be
Agarires kill'd. Zal was much concern'd at his Death,
and made uſe of it to incenfe the Perfians
againft the Turks, marching towards them
with his Forces, and tho' they were ftron-
ger, did not refufe to come to a Battle
which having lafted all the Day with great
Slaughter, Night parted them, without any
vifible Advantage on either fide. They both
return'd to their Camps, where they con-
killed.
tinu'd
The Hiftory of Perfia.
AS
tinu'd Seven Months with many Skirmishes,
wherein abundance of Men were deftroy'd.
Both Camps fuffer'd equally through Want, and
contagious Diftempers, which oblig'd them
to propofe fome Accommodation, and Afra-
fiab was content to retire to Turon, quit-
ting Perfia, after he had been poffefs'd of it
Twelve Years.
CHAP. XII
Of Bazab the Tenth King of Perfia.
Frafiab being expell'd, the Perfians put
the Government into the Hands of
Bazab, of the Blood Royal, and above
Eighty Years of Age when he enter'd up-
on it; and being fo old took his Nephew
Garxacef for his Affociate in the Throne.
This Bazab taking into Confideration, the
Miſeries and Hardships the 'Perfians lay un-
der, by reafon of the late Wars, endeavour'd
to preſerve Peace, during his Reign, which
he did, and for his Life, which was not
long, generously remitted all Taxes, that His good
the People might recover their Loffes. Govern
For the Improvement of the Country ment.
he brought into it Two Rivers from afar
off, the Names whereof were Habyn, and
Raz Habyn. He never had any Treaſure,
nor endeavour'd to have it; but as foon as
any confiderable Sum of Mony came into
his Hands, diftributed it among his Officers,
and Soldiers; yet was a great Epicure, and
much
45
The Hiftory of Perfia.
much addicted to eating, and drinking, fo
that he invented feveral ways of dreffing
Meat; and this is all that Mirkond fays of
him, worth obferving.
CHAP. XIII:
Of Kaykobad the Eleventh King of Perfia;
Afrafiab overthrown in Battle, and
Peace reftor'd.
Aykobad, the Grandfon of Naudar, fuc-
ceeded Bazab in the Throne, and
appointed Roftam, the Son of Zal, and
Grandfon of Som, General of his Army.
Forces were rais'd, and the King march'd,
attended by Merahb, Grandfather to Roftam,
Ghexuad, Kabaren, and other famous Com-
manders. Afrafiab met him with a more
numerous Army, and they came to a Battle,
in which Rostam perform'd fuch Feats, that
Afrafiab in a Fear, demanded a Truce for
Two Days, which was granted, he propos'd
in Council to treat of Peace, and offer'd
it to Kaykobad, who would have accepted
of it, but that the Perfians were averfe.
The Fight was renew'd, and Afrafiab rou-
ted in this fecond Engagement. In the
Heat of the Action, Rostam defir'd to have
Afrafiab fhown him, whom as foon as he
faw, he encounter'd, and being wonderful
ftrong, eafily forc'd him out of his Saddle,
and binding his Feet with a Rope, which
all Perfian Soldiers did then, and ſtill uſe
The Hiftory of Perfia.
47
deceiv'd
to carry about them, to draw Water out
of Wells, and for other Purpoſes, dragg'd
him along among the dead, as he gallop'd.
But Afrafiab being fubtle, loos'd himself, Roftam
and made faft a dead Body in his ftead, by Afra.
fo dexterously,' that he was not perceiv'd, fiab.
and by that means made his Eſcape at this
time. Roftam came before the King, well
pleas'd, believing he had brought Afrafiab,
and preſented him as fuch; but difcovering
his Miftake, was out of Countenance, and
begg'd his Pardon, promiſing he would not
be fo impos'd upon another time. Afrafiab
made his way into Turkeftam, whence he
fent an Embaffador to Kaykobad, fuing for
Peace, which was granted. Then Kaykord Peace con-
generouſly diftributed his Treafure among
his Men, and drew back into his own
Country, where he behav'd himſelf as be-
came a juft, and good Prince, during the
reft of his Life. At length, he grew blind,
and other Difeafes coming on, dy'd at
Hifphaon, or Ipaban, the Capital of Hierach,
where he kept his Court, leaving his Son
Raykans to fucceed him.
uded.
CHAP
48
The Hiftory of Perfia.
CHAP. XIV.
Kaykaus the Twelfth King of Perfia,
reduces Mazandaron, which had re-
bell'd; paffes on into Arabia, where
be marries; returns to Perfia, and
what happen'd there, till his Death.
Aykaus, as was faid above, aſcended the
Throne, after his Father Kaykobad's
Death. A Perfian Commander, taking the
Advantage of the late Broils, had rebell'd,
with the City, and Province of Mazanda-
ron. Kaykaus march'd againft him, and laid
Siege to the Place, which was ftrong, and
Well ftor'd with Men, and Proviſions, fo
Policy of that he attack'd it in vain. Hereupon he
Kaykaus. pretended to be in Want, and held Intel-
ligence with the befieged, who being in-
veighl❜d by the great Price he gave for all
Sorts of Food, fold it without any Confide-
ration, and the Quantity being great, foon
felt the Want, which made them fall into
the Hands of Kaykaus, who could never have
reduc'd them any other way.
Where
This City of Mazandaron is one of the
Mazan- famoufeft in thoſe Parts, feated beyond the
daron is. Country of Gueylon Northwards, near the
Cafpian Sea. The Natives are a robuft
warlike People, and reckned among the
other Subjects of the King of Perfia. In the
Year 1597, when I was that way, one Ma-
tek Sultan Mahomet, a Perfian of fingular
Courage, and Bravery, was Governor of
that City, and Province. He had one Arm
con
The Hiftory of Perfia.
49
confiderably longer than the other, fo that
it reach'd below his Knee, and about that
time gave a notable Teftimony of his Va- Bravery of
lour; for an Enemy making an Inroad in- a Perfian,
to his Country, with Seven Thouſand Men,
he oppoſed him with only Three Hundred,
fought, and defeated him in open Field, killing
a great Number of his Men. To this pur-
poſe I remember, that in the City of Cochim,
there was a Citizen that I convers'd with
many times, whofe Right Arm was very
remarkably bigger than the Left; and the
Gentiles of Coromandel, where he was born,
in the City of St. Thomas, paid him extra-
ordinary Reſpect, as a wonderful Creature;
for the Eaſtern Heathens do great Honour
to any thing that is out of the common
Courfe of Nature, looking upon it as fu- Indian
pernatural; as among Trees to any that is Superfti
remarkably bigger than the reft of that
kind; ſo as an Ox with Two Heads, as I
faw once at Goa; or a Stone of any extra-
ordinary Shape, or Figure. For this Reaſon,
that the Pagans might not have the Occa-
fion offer'd them, that Citizen was forbid
travelling through thofe Countries, without
Special Leave.
tion.
Arabians.
Mazandaron being reduc'd, Kaykans took Kaykaus
a Progress through his Dominions, till he routs the
came into Arabia, between which and Per-
fia was that great Limb of the Sea call'd
the Gulph of Perfia. An Arabian King, whoſe
Name was Zoulzogar, met him, they fought,
the Arabian was routed, and fled, abandoning
his Country, and the beft Fortrefs he had,
where his whole Family was, and with it
* most beautiful Daughter, A Treaty of
E
Peace
50
The Hiftory of Perſia.
Peace was ſet on foot, and concluded, on
Condition, that Zaulzogar, fhould give his
Daughter Saudaba, that was her Name, in
Maries Marriage to Kaykaus. She was brought by
one of her Brothers, with a Thoufand
beautiful Women Slaves, and the Nuptials
were celebrated, with general Satisfaction.
their
King's
Daughter.
Whilft this was doing in Arabia, Afrafiab
enter'd the Dominions of Perfia with an
Army, doing much Harm; but was repuls'd
by Kaykaus's Garrifons. He having fettled
the Affairs of the Kingdom of Ammon, and
the other Lands he poffefs'd in Arabia, re-
turn'd to Perfia, with his Wife Saudaba, where
he beſtow'd the Governments of Sagiftam,
and Kabulſtam, on Roftam, with very great
Privileges, and Immunities. Before Kaykaus
went into Arabia, he had a Son, call'd Sy-
avex, carefully educated by Roftam, virtuous,
and belov'd by all Men, which was not
pleafing to Saudaba, who refolv'd to fet him
Saudaba's at Variance with the King. To this Pur-
poſe, fhe pretended to love, and made him
against
Stavex. acquainted with it, whereupon he fhunn'd
her as much as poffible. She waited her
Opportunity, when the King had very much
Company, and ran in weeping, tearing her
Hair, and fhrieking, declaring that Syavex
would have ravish'd her. Syavex was fe-
cur'd, but upon Examination came off clear.
The King would have had her burnt, had
not Intreaties, and the Love he bore her
prevail'd.
Pradices
Afrafiab News was brought that Afrafiab, taking
incades a Compaſs above the River Jebun, was
marching towards Balk, a City of Note, in
the Province of Uzbek. Kajkaus fent his
Perfia.
Son
The Hiftory of Perfia.
51
Son Syavex againſt him, with Twelve Thou-
fand Horſe, and the fame Number of Foot,
and Orders to pass by Sagiftam, and take
Roftam along with him, with all the Forces
he could gather. Syavex did fo, and was
honourably receiv'd by Roftam, whence they
march'd together, and encamp'd within Two
Leagues of the Enemy. Whilft they lay
thus expecting to ingage, it is reported, that
Afrafiab dreamt Three Nights following,
that if he fought, he fhould be defeated,
and dangerously wounded. This repeated
Dream terrify'd him, and he had Thoughts
of making Peace, which he' communicated
with his Brother Garceres, who manag'd the
Affair fo well with Syavex, Reftam, and
their Council, that they confented to it.
Kaykaus being acquainted with it, was much
offended, and immediately fent away his
Unkle Thus, the Son of Naudar, with Let-
ters of Reproof to Syavex, and Orders to
purfue Afrafiab, and give him Battle, where-
foever he could be found, and in Cafe of
Refufal, to deliver up the Army to the
Conduct of Thus. Roftam took it ill, that the
King did not approve of what had been
done by Syavex, and himſelf, and therefore
left the Army, and went away to Kabulftam.
Afrafiib had a Commander in his Army,
call'd Pirond Vayfa, with whom Syavex was
acquainted, and entertain'd a friendly Cor-
reſpondence, to whom he went, and was
by him joyfully conducted to Afrafiab. He Syavex
went out a confiderable way to meet, and goes over
lead him to his Tent, where in Token of the E.
Affection, he gave him a Daughter of his mem
own, call'd Franguys, to Wife. Garceres,
E 2
Brother
รี
52
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Brother to Afrafiab, did not approve of this
Match, as neither the other great Men of
his Court, who thought their Honour con-
cern'd, and confpir'd to murder Syavex, and
he being inform'd of it, acquainted his Wife
Franguys, then with Child by him, defiring
that in Cafe he dy'd, and fhe was deliver'd
of a Son, fhe would give him to any Per-
fian that ſhould defire it. Many Days did
Is kill'd by not pafs before the Confpirators flew Syavez,
the Turks. and would have done the fame by Fran-
guys, to destroy the Infant fhe had in her
Womb, but Pirond Vayfa fecur'd her, and ſhe
Kaykoz was deliver'd of a Son, whom they call'd Kay-
rao his kozrao, and by the fame Pirond Vayfa caus'd
Son born. to be privately brought up in the Country,
till Guyu, the Son of Gudarz, afterwards
carry'd him into Perfia
The Death of Syavex was much lamen-
ted throughout all Perfia, and more particu-
larly by his Father, who refolv'd to revenge
it, and therefore fent Roftam with a confi-
Afrafiab derable Army, and pofitive Orders to fight
routed by Afrafiab, which he did, and routed him,
Roftam.
killing his Brother Garceres, and the fame
Fate would have befallen him, had he not
fled in time. Roftam was returning victo-
rious, when News was brought him, that
Schaydab Afrafiab's Son, march'd after him,
with a fresh Army; Rostam halted to expect
him, with Frayberz, Son to King Kaykaus,
and Brother to the murder'd Syavex. This
Prince knowing Schaydab in the Battle, ran
at him with his Launce, and bore him down
to the Ground dead. The Turks fled, and he
purfu'd his Victory as far as Turon, Afrafiab's
Court, and Capital of Turkestam, which was
plunder'd
The Hiftory of Perfia.
53
plunder'd by the Perfians, of all the vaſt
Treaſures laid up in it. Franguys Widow to
Syavex, was in that Place, to whom Rostam
fent to defire fhe would fhow him her
Son, fhe excus'd herſelf, faying, ſhe knew
not what was become of him. Rostam se-
turn'd into Perfia, where he was honour'd,
and rewarded by the King, and went back
to his Government.
King Kaykaus was very defirous to bring Kaykoz,
his Grandfon Kaykozrao, Šon to Syavex, and raoGrand-
Franguys, who was at Turon, into Perfia, and no
Kaykaus.
to this Effect, fent Guyu, the Son of Gudorz,
a noble Perfian, very well qualify'd, into
Turquestam. He manag'd fo well, that co-
ming to Turon, he faw Franguys and Kaykoz-
7a0, and prevail'd with them to go away
into Perfia, without any other Attendance,
but Guva himſelf, and Pirond Vayfa, who
being inform'd of their Departure, overtook
them on the Road, and went on to Court,
where they were receiv'd, and entertain'd
by the King, as became fuch Perfons. Some
time after, Kaykaus being fenfible of the
great Worth
and many Virtues of his
Grandfon Kaykozrao, appointed him General
of his Army, and beftow'd fignal Favours
on Guyu for his good Service. Thus, Unkle
to Kaykaus, and Frayborz his Son, were
much offended, that Kaykozrao who was his
Grandfon, and had the Blood of the grea-
teſt Enemies of Perfia, fhould be preferr'd
before them. This occafion'd Factions, the Fations at
one for Frayborz, fupported by his Unkle Court.
Thus; the other for Kaykozrao, which Guyu
took Part with. The King could not re-
concile thefe Enmities, and therefore to
,
E 3
prevent
54
The Hiftory of Perfia.
5
Ardavil
City.
prevent ill Confequences did thus.
One
Bahaman was Governor of the City Ardavel,
and being in Rebellion, ravag'd the Lands
of Perfia. Kaykaus form'd Two Armies, equal
in Numbers, and Experience, and putting
one of the Pretenders at the Head of each,
told them, that he who first reduc'd that
Enemy ſhould have the Preference. They
were both fatisfy'd, and fet forward. Fray-
borz going foremoft, did nothing worth fpea-
king of; but Kaykozrao fighting Babaman,
overthrew him, and reduc'd the City Ar-
davel, then returning to Court was declar'd
King, and Guyu his General, Kaykaus retiring,
when he had reign'd many Years.
Ardabel, or Ardavil, for it is call'd by both
Names, is a City in the Province of Ader-
baion, in Perfia, a few Days Journey from
Tabris, or Tauris, not large, but well known,
on Account of its being the Birth Place of
Scheque Aydar, Father to Scheque, Scha or Iſhmael
Suphy, who govern'd Perfia, when the Por-
tugueſes began to trade, and conquer in thoſe
Parts, and it was he that Alfonso de Albu-
querque correfponded with by Letters. Now
in regard that in Portugal, and throughout
all Spain, they vulgarly call all the Kings
of Perfia, Sophys, tho' they are not fo, I will
and its Sig- briefly declare the Signification of this Name,
nification. and its Original. All the Mahometan Sects
which have been, and ftill continue nume-
Sunys and rous, are reduc'd to Two Heads. That of
Schyahys the Sunys, follow'd by the Turks, and Arabs,
Mahome-and others who obferve Mahomet's Alcoran,
tan Seds.
without any Comments, or Expofitions; and
that of the Schyabys, being the Perfians, and
all the Followers of Morts Aly. Of this laft
Sophy
whence,
was
The Hiftory of Perfia.
55
was Scheque Aydar, Father to Scheque Ishmael,
who held as his Father had done, being al-
ways extraordinary zealous of his vain and
curfed Sect; on which Account he practis'd
inhuman, and incredible Cruelties on the
Profeffors of the other Sect, in his Conqueft
of Perfia, pretending to aim at nothing, but
the Salvation of Souls. Now for as much
as in Perfia, they commonly give the Name
of Sufy to one that forfakes the World, and
devotes himſelf to the Service of God,
therefore this Man's Party gave him the
Title of Sufy, for his Zeal towards his Sect.
Not long before him, Hbalila had revolted
in Perfia, and for the fame Reafon was
call'd Sufy Hhalila. So that Sufy is no pro-
per Name, nor belonging to every King,
but an Adjective, fignifying, a Religious
Man, or one that has left the World, and
wholly applies himſelf to ſerve God, which
plainly appears, in as much as none, after
him above mention'd, bore that Sirname;
and there is a great Number of Sufys through-
out all Perfia, who are all Religious Men. I
have made this Digreffion on Account of
Ardavel, the Place where Scheque Ishmael was
born, of whom more fhall be faid in its
Place. According to the Perfian Computa-
tion, this King Kaykaus was contemporary Kaykaus
with Solomon, whom they call Soleimon ben Solomons
Davd, that is, Solomon the Son of David.
Contempo-
vary.
E 4
CHAP.
56
The Hiftory of Perfia,
Kaykoz-
War on
CHAP. XV.
Of Kaykozrao, the Thirteenth King of
Perfia; he makes War on his Grand-
father Afrafiab, King of Turkeftam,
for which Reafon his Son Syavex
differs with him, and goes over to
Turon; the End of Afrafiib, and Two
of his Sons.
K
Aykozrao fucceeded his Grandfather Kay-
kaus in the Throne of Perfia, and re-
Tao makes concil'd paft Differences by his Genero-
Turke- fity, and Affability. He reftor'd Juſtice,
Stam. which had been much laid afide, call'd an
Affembly of his chief Men, to whom he
propos'd his Defign of making War upon
the Turks, in Revenge for their murdering
his Father, which they all approv'd, and
promis'd to ftand by him. He preſently
fent his Unkle Frayborz, Brother to his Fa-
ther, and his Unkle Thus, the Son of Nau-
dar, with Thirty Thouſand Horſe to ravage
the Country of Turkeftam. Kaykozrao had a
Son call'd Syavex, who being offended that
his Father fhould make War on his Great
Grandfather, went away from him to Turon.
Pirond Vayfa, who, as has been faid, came
into Perfia with Guyu, when he brought
Kaykozrao, and his Mother Franguys, was
marry'd there, and had a Son he call'd Fe-
rud, whom when of Age he fent into Tur-
keftam, and follow'd after himſelf. The King
lov'd this Youth, as if he had been his own
Child, and therefore when he fent Frayborz
into
The Hiftory of Perfia.
57
into Turkeftam, underftanding that Ferud
kept Garrison in a Fortreſs, he earneftly
charg'd his Commanders to keep at a di-
ftance from it; yet they, upon fome oc-
cafion, pafs'd clofe by it, and Ferud fally- Ferud
ing out, was kill'd in Fight. The King kill'd.
being inform'd of it, was very much con-
cern'd, and underſtanding that Thus had
been the caufe of it, fent for him to Court,
where he was difgrac'd, and thrown into
Prifon. Frayborz, and Gudarz profecuted
the War against the Turks, wherein they
were unsuccessful; for Pirond Vayfa meeting,
overthrew them, with a great Slaughter of Perfians
defeated.
Perfians, and among them of Seventy Gen-
tlemen of the Family of Gudarz, who,
with Frayborz, fled haftily into Perfia. The
King fent Gudarz again, with another Ar-
my, and Thus, who was again receiv'd in-
to Favour. He march'd towards Turon, but Again,and
met the Enemy ravaging Perfia, whom he Beficg'd.
ingaged, and not being able to ftand their
Shock, retir'd haftily to the Mountain Da-
maoand, where he Intrench'd, and the Turks
Befieg'd him, fecuring all the Paffes. The
Fame of this Siege brought Two other
Kings, neighbouring upon the Turks, with
their Armies to affift them. The one of
them was call'd Hhabbon, and the other
Schangol, which made the Perfians look up-
on themſelves as loft. Kaykozrao hearing
the Danger his Troops were in, made
haft to relieve them, fent for Restam, who
advanc'd with what Forces he could ga-
ther, marching inceffantly till he came up
with the Enemy. The Perfians had notice
of his coming, and perceiving he was near, Turks.
came
Roftam
routs the
58
The Hiftory of Perfia.
came down from the Mountain; but be-
ing attack'd in Front, and Rear, were en-
tirely defeated, moft of them flain, and
among them Hhakhon, one of the confe-
derate Kings. This did not fatisfy Kaykozrao,
who forming Four feveral Armies, fent
them as many ways to invade Turkestam,
the greateft, which went by the way of
Balk, being commanded by Gudarz, whom
Pirond Vayla oppos'd, with the beſt of Four
They are
again de- Turkish Armies, Afrafiab fent to oppoſe the
feated. Perfians. They ingag'd, the Turks were quite
routed, and Pirond Vayfa flain, whoſe Head
was fent to Kaykozrao, and he much la-
mented at the fight of it, becauſe he
had been bred by him. Above 100000
Turks were taken in this War, with 11 Prime
Commanders. Frayborz rewarded all thoſe
who had ferv'd upon theſe occaſions, gi-
ving Frayborz the Lands of Kyche, by the
Portuguefes call'd Cache, and thofe of Ma-
cron, which are Kingdoms lying between
Goadel, and the Abindos, at the Mouth of
the Gulph of Perfia.
Third over. Afrafiab recruited his Army, and put it
throw of under the Command of another of his
them.
Sons, who march'd with it to Kaorrafm,
the Boundary of the Turkish Dominions,
where the Perfian Forces lay, by whom
they were overthrown, and Afrafiab's Son
kill'd. He not thinking himſelf ſafe in a
Fortreſs, where he lay, fled, and that Place
fell into the Hands of Kaykozrao, with his
Wife and Daughters, who were by him
honourably receiv'd, and entertain'd. Some
Months after Afrafiab was taken, and put
to Death. This tedious War being thus hap-
pily
The Hiftory of Perfia.
59
pily ended, and all things well fettled,
Kaykozrao retir'd from Court, and having
no Sons, transferr'd the Crown to Lorafph,
Grandſon to a Brother of Kaykaus, and
his own ſecond Coufin, contrary to the
Inclination of fome Great ones. Not long
after he dy'd, having firft reftor'd all the Kaykoz-
Lands, and Poffeffions his Predeceffors had rao dyes.
taken from his Subjects, and paid all his
Debts. He favour'd the Poor, adminiftred
impartial Juftice, maintain'd the Soldiers
at his own Charge; and never undertook
any important Affair without mature Ad-
vice. In his Days there were two famous
Philofophers in Perfia, the one call'd Hhores, Two Philo-
the other Lokman. Of this laft the Perfians fophers.
ftill have ſome Works of an extraordinary
Wit, and among the reft a Book of Com-
pariſons, and Examples, very like Eſops,
and I am of Opinion he was the fame
Man, for ſpeaking of his Life, they fay Eſop.
he was a great Philofopher, Slave to ano-
ther, Deform'd, but very Witty, and that
he was condemn'd to Death; all that he-
fitates me is their affirming that he was a
Few; and when they would commend a
Man's Wiſdom, they fay, there is no need
of teaching Lokman.
CHAP.
60
The Hiftory of Perfia.
and Pale-
CHAP. XVI.
Of Lorafph, the Fourteenth King of
Perfia; his Son Guftafph rebels, flyes
into Turkeftam, marries there, firs
up a War against his Father, is brought
back into Perfia, and other Accidents
till his Death,
I
Oraſph aſcended the Throne, for want
of any other nearer ally'd to it,
being as has been faid, Grandfon to a
Brother of Kay kaus, and fecond Coufin to
Kaykozrao. His Promotion was oppos'd by
fome, and particularly by Zal, Father to
Roftam, becauſe he was known to be of
a harsh, and cruel Temper; yet he pre-
vail'd, and was proclaim'd King. He fet
out from Hifphaon, or Ifpahan, and took a
Progrefs through his Dominions, as far as
Balk, whence he fent Gudarz with an Ar-
Babylon, my, into Mefopotamia, Syria, and Palestine ;
Damafcus who behav'd himſelf fo well upon that
stine fub- Expedition, that he foon fubdu'd the Coun-
du'd by the try of Babel, that is Babylon, Dimesk, and
Perfians. Scham, being that of Damafcus, and then
marching to Beyt almocadas, fignifying Feru-
falem, an Arabick Name, from Beyt, a Houfe,
and almocadas, of the Holy ones, the King
of that Place fubmitted himſelf, ingaging
to become Tributary, and delivering up
fome Men of Note, as Hoftages, for the
performance. Theſe Gudarz flew a few
Days after, upon Intelligence, that the Jews
had rebell'd against their King, on Ac-
count
The Hiftory of Perfia.
61
count of the Agreement made with him,
and defign'd to make War on him. Here-
upon Gudarz, returning, attack'd the City, Jerufalem
and took it by Storm, at which time the taken by
Perfians exercifed great Cruelty, carrying them.
away a great Number of Jews Captives
into Perfia. Gudarz having obtain'd thefe,
and other Victories, return'd into Perfia.
King Lorafph had Two Sons, the elder Guftaph
call'd Guftaph, and the younger Zarir. G- Son to Lo-
Stafph was Haughty, high Minded, and Tur- raſph Re-
bulent, and fome reftlefs Spirits finding he bels.
was well difpos'd, perfwaded him to Rebel
againft his Father, and Ufurp the Crown,
being Seconded by a confiderable Part of
it. His Father took the Field, with what
Forces he could gather, and oblig'd him
to quit the Kingdom, as being too weak
to maintain his Ground. The better to
compaſs it he went off alone in a Diſguize,
and fled into Turkeftam, where he married Flies to
that Kings Daughter, without being known, Turke-
which hap'ned after this manner. It was ftam, and
an antient Cuſtom in Turkeftam, when the the King's
King was to marry a Daughter, for all Daughter.
the People then refiding about the Court,
to meet in a Field appointed for that pur-
poſe, in the beſt Dreſs they were able,
and being drawn up in Order, the Father
led the Bride by one Hand, and in the other
fhe carry'd a Gold Ball, of the fhape and
bignefs of an Orange, fet with Precious
Stones. Being come to the Place, where
the People waited, fhe walk'd all over it,
very particularly obferving every Perfon in
it, and at laft gave the Ball to him fhe Strange
lik'd beft, and he was by Law her Huf- Cuftove
band.
marries
62
The Hiftory of Perfia.
band. It hap'ned, that a Daughter of the
Kings was going to chufe a Husband, juft
as Gustafph came to the Court
to the Court, and he,
out of Curioſity went away, as he was in
his riding Apparel, to the Place appointed,
only to fee Faſhions. Fortune fo order'd
it, that the Bride took a Fancy to, and
gave him the Ball. The King her Father,
was very much concern'd at it, becaufe
Gustafph was not known, and the great Men
there prefent complain'd, however the Cu-
ftom was obferv'd, and they were marry'd.
To prevent the like for the future, a Law
was enacted, that the King's Daughters
fhould not from that time be given to any
but fuch as had Parts, and Quality to de-
ferve them. The King had ſtill Two others,
extraordinary Beautiful, who were fu'd for
by Two Sons of a neighbouring King,
to whom he promis'd them, in cafe each
of them would deliver up to him one of
Two Rebels, who did great Harm in his
Dominions. They thought this a very dif
ficult Condition, and Enterprize; but Gu-
Stafph's Valour beginning now to be known,
they fo far prevail'd with him, by the Me-
diation of Friends, that he alone under-
took that Affair, and pretending to go
abroad a Hunting, with a fuitable Retinue,
Tilting
us'd in
foon took, kill'd, and deliver'd them to
Perfia. the Two Brothers, who were in his Com-
pany, and they prefented them to the King,
who thereupon gave them his Daughters.
Some few Days after, the King Riding
at Tilt, Gustafph did it fo dexterously, and
with fuch a Grace, that the King highly
commended him, and he anfwer'd, it was
no
The Hiftory of Perfia.
63
no wonder he fhould manage a Lance fo
dexterously a Horfeback, who had been
able to rid the Country of thofe Rebels,
that infefted it. The King heard it, and
being affur'd of the Truth, was better fatif-
fy'd; tho' he knew fo well how to dif
femble that none thoroughly knew him.
This Tilting is much us'd in thofe Coun-
tries, and I have feen it done feveral times.
by King Ferrogafxa, at Ormuz, with all his
Nobility, fo regularly, that it could not
have been better perform'd on Foot.
What has been ſaid concerning the Cu-
ftom of Marrying in Perfia, will not be
furprizing to fuch as are acquainted with
the feveral Rites obferv'd by the Eaſtern
Nations in Matrimony, fome of which I
do not mention, as not thinking it lawful
to write them; it is enough to know, that
the World being fo wide, there muſt needs
be various Cuſtoms, and Manners in it,
which being ftrange to us, appear unac-
countable. Gustafph held in mind the un- Guſtaſph
kindneſs his Father Larafpb had always perfwades
fhown him, and meditated Revenge; here- the Turks
in much differing from his Father, who was bis Father.
very much concern'd at his Abfence, and
could not gueſs what was become of him.
The undutiful Son, being thus bent, per-
fwaded his Father in Law, to forbear pay-
ing Tribute to his Father Lorafpb, and make
War on him. The Turk did it, but with
no good Will, and fent an Embaffador to
declare the War. Loralph was fomewhat
furpriz'd at it, and inquiring of the Embaf-
fador into the occafion of it, becauſe he
did not think that which he alledg'd fuf-
ficient
to War on
64
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Is call'd
home to
Reign.
ficient, was inform'd, that it was caus'd
by a Stranger, being a Man of Valour,
who through an unexpected Accident had
marry'd the King's Daughter; and inqui-
ring into the matter, was perfwaded, that
muſt be his Son Guftafph, which being
fix'd in his Mind, he fent his younger Son
Zarir, Brother to Gustafph along with the
Embaffador, and by him a Tage, or Royal
Diadem, to the end that when he had receiv'd
it, he might come away, and take Poffef-
fion of the Throne. Guftafph had notice
of what was doing, and went out to meet
them, long before they came to the Court,
without acquainting his Father in Law. He
met his Brother Zarir, put the Tage on his
Head, and was by all the Company pro-
claim'd King of Perfia. This done he fent
for his Father in Law, who feeing him in
that Pofture, was much furpriz'd, thinking
it had been fome Treafon, and that he
intended to Ufurp the Crown; but being
inform'd of the Truth, refted fatisfy'd, and
embrac'd him. Guftafph took his leave, and
went away into Perfia, taking his Wife Ka-
tabun, fo the King's Daughter that gave
him the Gold Ball was call'd, a great Re-
tinue, and many Camels richly loded, along
with him. His Father Lorafph receiv'd him
with fingular Tokens of Affection, which
afterwards increas'd, on Account of the many
Services he did him; and a few Years
after refign'd up the Crown to him, reti-
Lorafph ring from Court, to live a folitary Life,
dyes. in which he continued fome time, and
dy'd, giving his Son much wholeſom Ad-
Returns to
Perfia.
Vice.
The Hiftory of Perfia.
65
vice. Lorafph had the Surname of Balkah,
becauſe he refided for the moft Part at
Balk.
CHAP. XVII.
Of Guftafph, the Fifteenth King of Per-
fia; be Wars on the King of Tur-
keftam, on Account of Worshipping
the Fire, with various Succefs; his
Son Sphandiar kill'd by Roftam, and
other Accidents till his Death.
W
HEN Lorafph, or according to others
Lorafeph, withdrew from Court, Gu-
Stafph, or Gustafef was already receiv'd as
King, being a Man brave in War, and
diſcreet in Peace; but much addicted to
the Worship of Fire, and fo zealous in
that Superftition, as to wage War on
thoſe that would not follow it; as he did
on Ariafph, or Ariaſef, King of Turon, be-
cauſe he fent him a Reproof, in Anfwer
to a Letter, wherein he perfwaded him to
embrace the Sect of Zarduxt, or Zoroaftes,
which is that of the Fire Worfhippers. In
fpeaking above of the City Tabris, or Tau-
ris, I faid it was the Capital of the Pro-
vince of Aderbaion, or Azarbaion, which in Adera
the Calange Language, being what is fpo- baion fig-
ken in that Country, fignifies, the Province nifies, Pro-
of Fire, and as has been already mention'd, vince of
this Sect took it's Original there, giving
it's Name to the Country, and that of Zar-
dunt, fignifying, Friend of the Fire, to him
F
that
Five,
66
The Hiftory of Perfia.
that follows it; tho' Zar, in the univerfal
Language of Perfia, which is very different
from thofe of particular Places, fignifies
Mony, and Azar, a Thouſand, and Zabar,
Poyfon, or Gaul; and they call the Fire,
Attex. Gustafph being offended at the lit-
Guftafph
routs the tle Refpect Ariafph had fhown in repro-
Turks,and ving him, took the Field, attended by his
takes Tu- Brother Zarir, and his Son Sphandiar, and
Fon.
march'd with the greateſt Force he could
raiſe towards Turon. Ariafph met him, and
was overthrown, with the Slaughter of all
his Sons, and Brothers; after which Gu-
Stafph took Turon, plunder'd it, and return'd
to Perfia. There upon fome Jealouſy con-
ceiv'd, he fecur'd his Son Sphandiar, in a
Fortrefs, call'd Guerdkub, that is, round
Mountain, in the Country of Rudbar.
Whilft this was doing in Perfia, Ariafph
Turks in- gather'd a confiderable Army, and ente-
vade Per- ring it, took the City Balk, plunder'd it,
fia.
carry'd off fome of Gustafph's Daughters,
and not fo fatisfy'd, pierc'd farther in,
with fuch Celerity, that Gustafph not da-
ring to expect him, retir'd in haft. A
Council was call'd, and refolv'd that Sphan-
diar fhould be releas'd, and have the Charge
of the War, both which he refus'd; but
at length, at the earneft intreaty of his
Brother Jamafph, and his Father promiſing,
in cafe he return'd Victorious, to refign up
the Kingdom to him, he fet forward, with
Defeated a numerous Army; met Ariafph, fought
by Sphan- him, obtain'd a compleat Victory, and re-
turning home was met by his Father, who
after Congratulating his Succeſs, reprefen-
ted to him, how little his Victory was to
diar,
be
The Hiftory of Perfia.
67
be valu'd, whilft his Sifters ftill remain'd
in Captivity. Shame, and his Duty pre-
vailing, he pick'd 24000 Men out of all
his Army, 12000 Horfe, and as many Foot,
and taking his younger Brother Buxutan
along with him, purfu'd the Enemy to a
certain Place, where the Road divided it
felf into Three feveral Branches, all of them
leading to Turon.
Turon. He choſe the longeft,
but moft paffable of them, which had plen-
ty of Pafture, along which he fent the
Forces, under his Brother Buxutan's Com-
mand, with Orders, that when they came
to a certain Place, near Parvindez, they
fhould lay themſelves fo fecretly in Am-
bufh, that no notice might be taken in
Turon; and when he diſcover'd many great
Fires lighted near the City, he fhould af
fault it, with all poffible Fury. Buxutan
march'd along that way, with the Forces,
and Sphandiar, with a few Companions,
diſguiz'd like Merchants, took another call'd
Aphtkhon, fignifying, Seven Kings, or Lords,
which was Seven, or Eight Days Journey,
taking along with him all the Jewels, and
Perfians
other Things of Value there were among carry theis
them, being very confiderable; for it was, Wealth to
and ftill is the Cuſtom of the Perfians, to the Wars.
carry all the Jewels, and other coftly Or-
naments they have, with them to the Wars.
The Uzbeks do just the contrary, for being Uzbeks
a Warlike People, they take nothing with the contra-
them, but lean fwift Horfes, ftrong Bows, "
and Quivers full of Arrows, with which
Equipage, and flying as they Fight, they
have gain'd much Land from the Perfians,
in our Days, whereof I have often heard
them complain, ſaying, they can never ob-
F 2
saim
ry.
68
The Hiftory of Perfia.
tain any confiderable Victory over the Uz-
beks, becauſe they carry fo little abroad
with them, befides their Arms, whereas they
the Perfians, practice the contrary; which
has been the occafion of this Hint. Sphan-
diar foon came to Turon, with his Com-
panions, all repreſenting Merchants, and as
fuch appear'd before Ariafph, with the Jewels
he carry'd, and manag'd that Prince fo dex-
terouſly, that he caus'd him to be lodg'd
in his own Palace. Advice being brought
Sphandiar, that his Brother Buxutan was in
the Place he had appointed, with his Troops,
he defir'd leave of the King to give him,
and his Court an Entertainment, in the
plunders Field the next day, which was admitted, and
Turon, under colour of preparing for it, he had
andrescues the opportunity of making great Fires, near
bis Sifters, the Wall. Buxutan feeing them, fecur'd the
Sphandiar
Is fent a-
fam.
Avenues, and affaulted the City, making
a dreadful Slaughter of the Inhabitants, and
plundering the Place, of all the Booty re-
ferv'd only Two Rarities, which he fent
to his Father. The one, a Royal Throne
of Gold, fet with Precious Stones, of ex-
quifite Workmanship; and the other a white
Elephant. Next he releas'd his Sifters, and
having deliver'd them to his Brother Bux-
utan, to be conducted home, he took a com-
paſs about the Mountains, to ſee the Indian
Sea, where he compell'd fome Nations to
embrace his vain Superftition of Worſhip-
ping the Fire.
This done he return'd into Perfia, and was
gainst Ro- well receiv'd by his Father, who inftead of
refigning the Kingdom, put him upon ve-
ry dangerous Enterprizes, yet ftill he al-
ways came off well. At laft he would have
him
The Hiftory of Perfia.
69
him go ſeek out Roftam, who was with-
drawn to Siston, and had not been to pay
his Refpects to him fince his Acceffion to
the Throne. He did fo, much against his
Will, in Obedience to his Father, whom
he told, thoſe were all delays to put off
the performance of his Promiſe, and an
Injuftice towards Roftam, who had deferv'd
fo well. However he fet out for Sifton,
where Roftam refided, taking along with
him a Son he had, call'd Bahaman; who
when they came near, went before, and
from a Hill faw Roftam, who was then a
Hunting, perform fuch Feats of Strength,
and Dexterity, that he was aftonish'd, and
fully perfwaded, there would be no carry-
ing him away, againſt his Will. He went
up to him, diſcover'd who he was, and that
his Father Sphandiar was coming. Roftam
went to meet him, they Saluted, the occa-
fion of his coming was handled, and Ro-
ftam excus'd himſelf, alledging, that he had
been exempt from that Duty; but that in
any cafe of néceffity, they fhould always
find him very ready. Sphandiar infifted up-
on his going, and Roftam pofitively refus'd,
fo that they came to Words, and challeng'd
one another. Sphandiar was reckon'd one
of the bravest Men of Perfia, and confe-
quently put Roftam hard to it: but was at
laft overcome, and fo defperately Wounded, Kill'd by
that he foon dy'd. Before his end, he re-him.
commended his Son Bahaman to Roftam, and
his Body to his Brother Buxutan, who caus'd
it to be afterwards convey'd´into Perfia,
where he was honourably bury'd.
His Father Gustafph was much troubled at
this Misfortune; but not knowing how to
F 3
help
70
The Hiftory of Perfia.
vours the
Gustafph help himself, at prefent, march'd with his
Army against the King of Turkeftam, then
Turks. ravaging his Country, whom he Fought,
and Vanquish'd. Returning to his Court,
he fent for his Grandfon Babaman, the Son
of Sphandiar, who was ftill at Sifton, to
whom he furrender'd the Kingdom, and re-
tir'd himſelf, to lead a folitary Life, in a
Place call'd Ghozgbzar, that is, the coftly
Pleaſure Houfe, which being very delight-
ful, and artificial, the Perfians fay was con-
Refigns the triv'd by Soleyman ben Daud, or Solomon the
Crown and Son of David, adding other fuch Fables,
dies.
Bahaman
King.
for the more Grandeur. This Place is Ten
Farfanghes, that is Thirty Miles from Schiras,
Gustafph founded the City Afuartab, in the
Province of Maurenabar; had himſelf the
Surname of Herbod, and dy'd a few Years
after his Refignation.
CH-A P. XVIII.
Of Bahaman Daraz Daz, the Sixteenth
King of Perfia, his Life, and Death.
G
Ustafph, as he has faid, left the Throne
I to his Grandfon Bahaman, furnam'd
Daraz Daft, which fignifies, of the long
Hand, for Daft in the Perfian Language, is a
Hand, and Daraz, Long. They alſo give
him the Name of Ardair, which they uſe
moft commonly in the Perfian Chronicles,
but not being his proper Name, and only
given him on account of a pleafant Acci-
dent, before he was born, I will here brief-
ly relate it. Whilft he was yet in his Mo-
thers
The Hiftory of Perfia.
71
thers Womb, a famous Aftrologer came to
wait upon his Grandfather Guftafpb, and his
Why call'd
Father Sphandiar, who being both together, Ardxir, or
after the ufual Salutation, he directed his Artaxer-
Diſcourſe to Sphandiar, and prefenting him xes.
with a little Basket, faid, he knew nothing
more proper to offer his Son that would be
born, than what he there brought. When
uncover'd, it appear'd to be a Veffel with
Milk, and a little Meal. They were very
well pleas'd with the Wife Man's Prediction,
valuing the Offering, and form'd him a
Name of thoſe they call'd fuch things by,
being Ardxir, and he was better known by
it, than by his own, which was Bahaman;
for in the Perfian, Ard is Meal, and Xir
Milk, both of them making Ardxir, whence
the Greeks, and Latins, call'd him Artaxerxes;
and from Daraz Daft, came Longimanus,
fignifying the fame Thing; and hence fome
of his Succeffors had Ardxir for their pro-
per Name.
This Babaman Daraz Daft, or Ardxir, was
of a graceful Prefence, his right Hand, and
Arm were confiderably longer than the left,
and he had all the good Qualities that can
be wifh'd for in a good Prince; but above
all, was fo zealous for the publick good,
that when he fent any Judges, or Magi-
ftrates upon a Circuit through his King-
dom, he at the fame time under Hand, em-
ploy❜d others he confided in, to follow,
and be Spies on all their Actions, to give
him an Account of them, and if they be-
hav'd themſelves well, they were rewarded,
or if otherwife feverely punifh'd. After
governing for the fpace of a Year, he held
an Affembly of his Nobility, whom he in-
F 4
form'd
72
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Ardxir's form'd, how defirous he was to proceed up-
Integrity rightly in all Refpects, and defir'd they
would, without any Fear, or Apprehenfion
publickly acquaint him with any thing that
was in him blame-worthy, that he might
mend it; and that in caſe, he was not fit
to govern well they fhould depofe him;
for it was better for him to obey one that
knew how to rule, than to be himſelf in
Authority, to the Detriment of the King-
dom. They all highly commended his good
Intention, and loudly pray'd to God for
his Life, and Profperity; and after fetling
fome Affairs, he difmifs'd them. Ardxir re-
built many publick Structures, that were gone
to Ruin, and regulated the Government. Next
he apply'd himſelf to revenge his Father
Sphandiar's Death, and having rais'd a good
Army, march'd towards Sifton. About half
way, News was brought him, that Rostam
gainst Ro- was dead, and his Son Framarz was ad-
ftam, and vancing against him, with confiderable For-
finds him ces. The Two Armies engag'd, and Ardxir
came off victorious, tho' it coft him many
Men; but Framarz, Roftam's Son, and fome
Defeats of his Kindred were kill'd; and his Grand-
his Son father Zal, who ftill Liv'd, taken. Ardxir
Framarz. returning home Victorious, leaving a Kinf
He mar-
ches a-
dead.
and kills
His Son
mans of his own to govern Sifton, and Ka-
bul. He wag'd War by his Generals in Syria,
and Palestine, reducing them under his Obe-
dience, and abundance of Jews were car-
ry'd Priſoners into Perfia.
Ardxir had a Son, call'd Safan, who prov'd
Salan a a great Philofopher, and Aftrologer, and
Philofo left the Court to apply himfelf wholly to
pher defpi- his Studies, nor did he ever afpire to the
Crown, tho' he ſaw his Father taken away.
fes the
Crown.
In
The Hiftory of Perfia.
73
Men in his
Time.
In fine Ardxir dy'd, to the unspeakable Ardxir
Grief of all his People, leaving his Wife Ho- dies.
may with Child of a Son, which he was de-
liver'd of, after his Death. In the Days of
this Ardxir flourish'd Hypocrates, whom the
Perfians call Bokorat; as alfo Democritus, whom
they name Dimocritis, and they have the Wri- Learned
tings of both. They have thoſe of Plato, by
them call'd Apblatum; of Socrates, by them
pronounc'd Sokorat, of Ariftotle, whom they
call Arafto, and Araftatalis, and of Galen,
whom they name Gialenus. In fhort they
preferve, and highly extol the Works of thefe,
and feveral other Greeks; and it is very fre-
quent among the Perfians, who value them-
felves for Learning, and even for good bree-
ding in their common Diſcourſe, to inter-
ſperſe fome Quotations, Sentences, or Opi-
nions of thoſe Men, and fuch of their own,
as have writ, which are many, fome where-
of I fhall call to mind, as Occaſion offers.
King Ardxir, or Bahaman daraz, daft was us'd
to fay, that no Door ought to be fhut in a
Princes Houfe.
We faid, that Ardxir marching againſt Ro- Roftam's
ftam, found him dead, and he having been Death.
fo much ſpoken of in this Hiftory, it will
be proper to be more particular, as to the
manner of his End, repeating all that Mir-
kond writes concerning it. Rostam had a Bro-
ther, call'd Schayad, whom he had intrufted
to overſee his Lands, take Care of them, and
receive his Rents. Schayad going into Kabul,
upon this Account fell in Love with a very
beautiful Daughter of the Governor of that
Country, and ask'd her of the Father, who
perceiving him fo much enamour'd, ſtood
off the more, the eagerer he feem'd‍; till at
laft
74
The Hiftory of Perfia.
laft he confented, upon Schayad's promifing
to deliver him from his Subjection to Roftam,
by contriving his Death. This being refolv'd,
Schayad return'd to Sifton, where talking with
his Brother Roftam, he complain'd to him a-
gainſt the Governor of Kabul, alledging he
had contemn'd, flighted, and treated him
very ill. Rostam was in a Paffion, reflecting
on his Brother, as a Coward, and a poor
fpirited Man, and would have rais'd Forces
to chaftize the Governor. Schayad oppos'd
it, alledging his Prefence was fufficient to
fet all Things right, which Rostam gave Cre-
dit to.
He fet out with his Brother Zana-
, another Kinſman of his, and a few Ser-
vants, for Kabul. Schayad under hand fent
word to his Father in Law, who fet out
from Kabul, to meet him on the Road, ha-
ving laid many Men in Ambuſh along it.
When Roftam came up, he knelt down, and
begg'd his Pardon, as if he repented his
paſt Faults. Roftam forgave him, and the
Governor defir'd he would go reft him, at
a Pleaſure Houfe of his, guiding of him in
fuch manner, that he fell into one of the
Pits, he had provided for that purpoſe, co-
ver'd over with Grafs and Leaves, and with-
in full of Brambles, which fo forely gor'd
Roftam and his Horſe, that he dy'd there. But
finding himſelf betray'd, without any Hope,
of Deliverance, after much upbraiding them,
he defir'd, they would give him a Bow, and
fome Arrows, to defend himſelf againſt the
wild Beafts, that they might not devour him
Perfians alive. They did fo, and he clapping Two
foot feve- Arrows into it, let them fly with fuch force,
ral Arrows that tho' his Brother, and the Governor ran
at once.
for fhelter to a Tree, they overtook, and
kill'd
The Hiftory of Perfia.
75
kill'd them, and thus ended Roftam and his
Murderers. It is very ufual in Perfia, to
fhoot Two or Three Arrows out of a Bow
at once, eſpecially in Battles. The Perfian
Hiſtory tells us, that Roftam fhot them thro'
the Tree, which is contrary to Reaſon; but
agrees well with the Wonders they tell us
of his Strength, and Exploits, whereof there
are as many Books in the Perfian Tongue,
in Verfe, and Profe, as there are among us
of Orlando Furiofo, the Knight of the Sun,
Don Bellianis of Greece, and fuch like, and
this may fuffice as to the Death of Roftam ;
but having fo often fpoken of Kabul, we
will fay fomething of it, for the better Un-
derſtanding of what is paft.
Kabul is a Kingdom, formerly fubject to Kabul
Perfia, and bordering upon India. It was Kingdom,
in antient times, Three Months Journey
from Kabul to Labor, now the Court of the
Great Mogol, and Center of all India; and
now it is perform'd in Twenty, or Five
and Twenty Days, and the Reafon of it
was, the great Compaſs taken about, for
Fear of the many Robbers. One of the
Kings of Kabul refolving to put a Stop to
this Miſchief, caus'd feveral ftrong Houfes,
in the Nature of Inns, to be built along
the ftrait way, at certain Diftances from
one another, with Men to defend them,
and fecure Travellers. Thefe being kept
up, and much frequented, many of them
by degrees grew up to be Cities, and Towns
of Note, as they continue to this Day, Ka-
bul being their Metropolis. This gives its
Name to one Sort of that Medicinal Fruit,
they call Mirabolans, to which the Arabs and Mirabo-
Perfians give one general Name of Alilah, lans.
and
76
The Hiftory of Perfia.
and the Gentiles of India corruptly as they
do by other Names, Arare. Thus they fay
Alilah Zard, yellow Mirabolans, Alilah Kabuly,
Mirabolans of Kabul, which our Phyficians
alfo call Kebulos. Dr. Garcia Dorta, treated
fufficiently of theſe, and the reft; but was
not acquainted with a wonderful large Sort
of theſe Kebulos, which I have ſeen; for I
faw a Mirabolan that weigh'd Sixteen Ounces,
in the Hands of an Idolater Merchant, whofe
Name was Ioghea Bangafaly, and another
weighing Twelve Ounces in the Hands of
a Portugueſe Gentleman; differing in nothing
from the common Kebulos, but in Magnitude.
They would have made me believe, that
thefe extraordinary large ones had fuch a
laxative Faculty, that only holding of them
fome time in the Hand would give a Stool.
I try'd and found it to be falſe; but was
fatisfy'd that an Infufion, or Decoction of
it, was looſening, and very good againft
Fevers, and bloody Fluxes; and thus much
as to the Kebulos. The River Bebat,
of the Five that compofe the Indus, of which
we fhall fpeak elſewhere has its Rife near
Kabul.
one
CHAP.
The Hiftory of Perfia.
77
CHAP. XIX.
Homay Wife to Ardxir, and Queen of
Perfia, after her Husbands Death is
deliver'd of a Son, who is caft into
a River, and comes afterwards to be
King.
A
Rdxir being dead, Queen Homay his Queen
Wife, took the Government upon her, Homay
being with Child, as has been faid. Five governs.
Months after he was deliver'd of a moſt
beautiful Son. Aftrologers being call'd to
calculate his Nativity; they all agreed, that
Child would be Father of one, that would
occafion mighty Calamities in that Kingdom.
Many were of Opinion he fhould be kill'd;
but natural Affection prevailing, the Mo-
ther would not confent, and caus'd a wooden
Cheft to be made, into which the put a
fmall Cradle, with the Child, and ſeveral
Jewels of Value, that if any poor Perfon
fhould happen to find the Infant, he might
have wherewithal to maintain him, and
thus was he caft into the River Jehun, whofe Her Son
rapid Stream foon carry'd him very far off, expos'd on
and he was left a ground in a Place, where
a Poor Man was waſhing Linnen on the
Bank, for in the Eaſtern Parts the Men fol-
low that Bufinefs, and are call'd Maynotos.
This Man feeing the Cheft in the Water,
and wondring what it might be, drew out,
and open'd it, where he found that beauti-
ful Infant, with the Jewels that had been
laid by him. His Beauty and Wealth made
the Waſherman fenfible, that the Parents must
the River
Jehur.
be
78
The Hiftory of Perfia.
be great. The Child being carry'd home,
Taken up, was carefully educated by his Wife, and
and call'd call'd Darab, a Name compounded from the
Darab.
Cheft, and the River he was found in, for
Dar the Perfian Tongue fignifies a Plank, or
Piece of Timber, and Ab, Water, fo the
Two Words put together made Darab, de-
noting his being found in a Cheft in the
Water; and this is he, whom we, after the
Darab is Latins, call Darius. Darab being grown up,
Darius.
the Waſherman would have put him to fome
ordinary Trade he fhould fancy; but ac-
quainting him with his Defign, he was much
offended, as having an Averfion to fuch mean
Imployments, and wholly inclin'd to the Ex-
ercife of Arms. The good Man being ac-
quainted with his Humour, fet him out the
beſt he could, and fent him to feek his For-
tune. Queen Homay was at that time, rai-
fing a mighty Army, to be fent against Ru
His mighty meftam. Darab lifted himſelf in it, and per-
first Ex-form'd fuch Feats upon all occaſions, that
ploits.
nothing was ſo much talk'd of as his Actions.
That War being ended, the Army return'd,
and the General giving Queen Homay an
Account of his Succefs, highly extoll'd the
Bravery of a particular new rais'd Soldier.
The Queen defir'd to fee him, and being
brought before her, ask'd his Name, Parents,
and Country. He told her his Name was
Darab, and that he knew no Parents he had,
but a poor Wafherman and his Wife, far-
ther adding, how he came to be fo call'd,
and the manner of his finding, as they had
inform'd him. By this he was difcover'd to
Is known, be her Son, and farther Enquiry being made,
and en fhe refign'd up the Kingdom to him, after
having govern'd is above Thirty Two Years.
thron'd.
Homay
The Hiftory of Perfia.
79
Homay founded the City of Gerbatkon, and
erected a Thouſand Pyramids of a wonder-
ful Structure, throughout Perfia, which Alex-
ander the Great afterwards caus'd to be thrown
down.
CHAP. XX.
Of Darab Kebar, the Seventeenth King
of Perfia, he makes War on Phaylacus,
or Philip of Macedon, and other Ac-
cidents till his Death.
Darab
Arab the Son of Homay, enter'd upon the This Da-
Government of Perfia, with the general rab is Da-
Applaufe, and Approbation of the whole rius.
Kingdom, on Account of the mighty Hopes
conceiv'd of him, which prov'd not abortive,
for he excell'd many of his Predeceffors, that
were reckned among the beft, in Goodneſs,
and Wiſdom; and as fuch was both fear'd,
and belov'd, as well by his own People, as
by the neighbouring Princes; excepting Play-
lacus King of Yunon, that is, Philip King of Philip of
Macedon, Father to Alexander the Great, who Macedon
growing haughty with the Victories he had wars on
him, is rou
obtain'd in Greece, refus'd to pay the Tribute ted.
his Predeceffors had, for many Years paft
been under to the Kings of Perfia, and then
made War on Darab, who overthrew him
first by his Generals, and then in Perſon, ſo
that Phaylacus fled into a Fortrefs, where he
befieg'd him. A Treaty was fet on foot, Peace corn
and at length concluded, by which Phaylacus,
and his Succeffors were oblig'd to pay Darab,
and his, Forty Thoufand Pieces of Gold
Yearly.
cluded.
80
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Yearly. Darab demanded of Phaylacus a very
beautiful Daughter he had, for his Wife,
which was granted, and he carry'd her home,
but foon after put her away, becauſe ſhe had
a ftinking Breath. About this time Karimah,
Wife to Phaylacus, or as we call her Olympias,
prov'd with Child, but not by her Husband,
as is reported, and was deliver'd of a Son,
Birth of call'd Afcander, that is, Alexander. Darab ha-
Alexan ving put an End to this War, return'd into
Perfia, where he foon after dy'd, when he
had reign'd 4 Years, leaving the Kingdom to
his Son Darab, the Second.
der the
Great.
Darab's
ties.
CHAP. XXI.
of Darab Seguer, or Kucheck, that is,
Darius the Little, Eighteenth King of
Perfia; Aſcander, or Alexander the
Great, invades his Dominions, defeats
him, and he is murder'd by his own
Subjects.
ᎠᏎ
Arab the Little, or the Second, Son to
ill Quali- Darab the ift, fucceeded his Father in
the Throne of Perfia. He was viciouſly in-
clin'd, difcourteous, furly in his Anſwers,
deform'd, and of a frightful Afpect, for
which ill Qualities he was as much hated by
his own People, and Strangers, as his Father
had been belov'd. The Perfians took fuch a
Diſlike to him, that they refolv'd to ſubmit
themſelves to Afcander, that is Alexander, the
Son of Philip, to whom all the Wazirs, or
Viziers, unanimoufly fent Letters, inviting
him to raiſe the greatest Army he could,
and
The Hiftory of Perfia.
81
by the Per
bute.
and enter Perfia, they being agreed to receive Alexan-
him for their Soveraign; and the better to der invited
conceal the Practice, they advis'd him, to fians.
begin the Breach, by refufing to pay the
Forty Thouſand Pieces of Gold agreed upon
between his Father, and Darab the Great.
Afcander, who was of a martial Diſpoſition,
laying hold of fo favourable an Opportunity
as was offer'd him, took their Advice, and
with-held the Tribute. Darab fent an Em-
baſſador to demand it, to whom Afcander made
Anſwer, that he was dead, who us'd to pay
Tribute. Darab fent a fecond Embafly, and Refuses to
with it a Huckle Bone, and a shepherds pay Tri-
Hook, a Sack full of the Seed call'd Sefa-
mum, and a Cheft of Mony. What theſe
Things meant is variouſly interpreted by the
Perfian Writers, the greater Number agree,
that the Two firft denoted his being a mere
Boy, unfettled, and void of Judgment, from Perfian
Children's playing with Huckle Bones, and Embaſſy
the wandring Life of Shepherds; the Sack
of Sefamum, which is a very fmall Seed, fig-
nify'd the innumerable Multitude of Men he
had in his Dominions; and the Mony fhew'd
the vaft Quantity of Gold, and Silver he was
Maſter of. Thus all together imply'd that he
plainly diſcover'd his youthful Folly, by pre-
fuming fo rafhly to provoke a Monarch that
had fuch Numbers of Men, and fo much
Plenty of Mony, when his own Power was
fo inconfiderable. For it ever was, and ftill
is much practis'd among the Eaftern Nations,
to express themſelves by Figures, and Com-
pariſons. Alexander had taken the Field, Alexan-
when this Embaffy reach'd him, having an der enter's
Army not numerous, but compos'd of brave
Froops, and turning all thofe Things Darius
G
fent
Afia.
82
The Hiftory of Perfia.
fent him, to fuch a Signification as forebe-
ded his Succeſs, he march'd out of Greece,
and enter'd Afia, without any confiderable
Oppofition.
Builds A- In Egypt he pitch'd upon a convenient Har-
lexandria.bour, on which he founded a City, from
his Name call'd Afcandria, which is, Alexan-
Grand dria, and took Mezere, that is, Grand Cairo.
Cairo. This City whofe Fame has ſpread throughout
the World, is now fo well known, that no-
thing new can be faid of it, unless in Rela-
tion to its Name. It ever, and ftill is the
Capital of all Egypt, as appears by the Tra-
dition, and Writings of the Natives. It was
the Memphis of the Latins, and the Mefrahim
of the Jews, from which laft, the Arabs,
Perfians, and Turks, by Corruption deriv'd
Mezere. There hapned the Tryal of Jofeph's
Chaflity, the whole Diſtance from the firft
Situation being but one Mile, where are
fill to be ſeen the Ruins of the Granaries,
he caus'd to be built, to provide againſt the
enfuing Famine. There the Prophet Mofes
was born, and caft into the River, which
waſhes the Walls of the City; and this is fo
well confirm'd by the Refemblance of the
Names, that there feems to be no Room
left to doubt of it. Concerning the Name
of Cairo, ufually given it among us, Mirkond,
in the Fourth Part of his Hiftory, fpeaking
of the Califs of Cairo, which he, after many
Revolutions, brings under the Dominion of
a Prince call'd Mobez, under the Name of
Mezere, tells us what follows. That this
Mobez fent from Damafcus, a Slave of his,
who was a Renowned General, and Con-
queror, by Name Jawar Kadem, to govern
shat City, which was brought under his Do-
minion
The Hiftory of Perfia.
83
minion; and he to fecure it, erected clofe
by a Fortreſs, which he nam'd Kayreh, in
Honour of one of his Mafter's Wives, fo
call'd. This new Structure, in Procefs of
time increas'd to fuch a Degree, that the
Name of Mezere was almoft forgot, and the
Place is ſcarce known by any other than the
new one of Kayreh, eſpecially in Europe,
where with fome little Corruption, we pro-
nounce it Cairo. The fame Prince alfo pof-
fefs'd himſelf of Scham, and Dimesk, which
is almoſt the fame thing, being the City Da-
maſcus, and Scham, all the Country from the Damafcus
River Euphrates to that City inclufive. They
alfo call Damafcus, Beheft Duniah, that is, the
Paradife of the World, and this Diftinction
may ſerve for other Places where it is men-
tion'd in this Hiftory.
and
Letter,
and Alex
Alcander mov'd thence into Armenia, where Darius's
he receiv'd a Letter from Darab, conjuring
him to defift from that Enterprize, and in- ander's
termixing Threats, and fair Words to diffwade Anfwer:
him. He anfwer'd, that Crowns and King-
doms, did not belong to thoſe Men who
poffefs'd them, but to God, who gave, and
took them away, as he thought fit. Thus
he difmifs'd the Embaffadors, march'd after
them, and in the Province of Aderbaion,
fought one of Darab's Generals, that met
him, whom he overthrew, and without lo-
fing any time, advanc'd into the Country of
Gueylon.
Gueylon was formerly a large Kingdom, Gueylon'
and is now reduc'd into a Province, divided Kingdom.
into Five Governments, all of them fubject to
the Crown of Perfia. The Perfians give it the
general Name of Gueylan, or Guylon, and the
Natives call it End Safet, fignifying, white
G 2
Indiag
84
The Hiftory of Perfia.
India, becauſe it is pleafant, and delightful,
to diftinguish it from the true India, properly
fo call'd, and which they reckon diſmal; and
therefore they metaphorically give the Name
of India to any Place they would reprefent,
wretched, and horrid, as our Poets do by
Tartary. Of the Five Governments the Pro-
vince of Gueylon is divided into, the Firſt is
call'd Raxt, a Name taken from its chief
City, which in the Year 1595, when I writ
this, was in the Poffeffion of lamfhced Khan.
The Second takes its Name from the City
Gaxbar, then govern'd by Syavex, both of
them Princes of great Note. The Third
is call'd Laion, like its Metropolis, and in
it is the famous City Delmon, or Delimon, fo
much ſpoken of, in the Fourth and Fifth
Books of Mirkond. This was govern'd by
Khan Hamed, whom the Turk Selim took,
when he reduc'd the City Tauris, and kept
him at Bagdat. The Fourth Government
call'd Langor Kanon, as well as its Capital
City, was at that time under Amir Amza
Khan, a Man of great Worth, and Valour,
who had Eleven Brothers with him, all of
them famous Men. The Fifth Government,
for the fame Reafon as the others call'd
Kudam, was in the Hands of Komron Mirzah.
Next follows Mazandaron, already fpoken of,
which having combin'd with fome Parts of
this Province of Gueylon, in the Year 1593,
Boldness of rebell'd against Scha Abas, King of Perfia,
who to fupprefs them, march'd thither hafti-
King of ly, with Twenty Thouſand Horfe, in the
Scha
Abas
Perfia.
Year 1594, and not knowing how to get
over a broad and rapid River, becauſe it
was not fordable, and the Boats were all car-
ry'd away, to prevent Delays, and giving
the
The Hiftory of Perfia.
85
the Enemy time to go ftrong, he clapp'd
Spurs to his Horfe, and leap'd in, which he
had no fooner done, but all his Men fol-
low'd him; yet it had like to have coft him
dear, for he was very near being loft him-
ſelf, and Four Thouſand of his Men were
drown'd. The reft got over fafe with him,
and reduc'd the Country; tho' with too
much Severity, for he is faid to have made
that ſpeedy Conqueft, with the Slaughter of
above Sixty Thouſand Men. He did this
in Imitation of his Grandfather, Scha Ihmael
Supby, or Sophy, who marching to Bagdat,
with Sixteen Thouſand Horſe, and not be-
ing able to ford the River it ftands on, be-
caufe much fwell'd at that time, did the
fame, and loft Twelve Thouſand Men, and
falling unexpected on the City, with the
Four Thouſand he had left, took it. Guey-
lon lies along the Cafpian Sea, which takes Cafpian
Name from it, being by the Perfians call'd Sea.
Daria Gueylany, that is, the Sea of Gueylon.
It is Salt, in Shape Oval, and has no viſible
Communication with the Ocean They
reckon it fomewhat above Three Hundred
Farfangues in length, that is, Nine Hundred
Miles, is fubject to violent Storms, and bears
large Veffels, but flat bottom'd, having Ports
belonging to feveral Kingdoms, in which
there is a mighty Trade. One of thefe is
Kefab, a very confiderable Harbour, and
City, belonging to the Tartars. The River
Aftrahan, on which the Muscovites have a
Town, falls into it, with others of Note.
In Winter a great Part of it is froze up, and
it has much Fifh. Thus much may fuffice,
that we may return to Afcander, or Alexa
ander.
G 2
He
86
The Hiftory of Perſia.
He departing the Province of Gueylon, took
a Compafs about by that of Nacudumya,
where a great City prefuming to oppofe
him, he caus'd it to be burnt down to the
Ground. Thence he enter'd Perfia, Darah
met him with an innumerable Army, they
came to a Battle, which was obftinate, and
Darius bloody; Afcander got the Day, and Darab
defeated. fled, leaving behind him moft of his Men
dead, with all his Treaſures, and his Wives,
and Daughters, who were taken by Afcander,
many of thoſe that efcap'd follow'd Darab,
moſt whereof were drowned, pafling a River,
which being frozen over, fome went fore-
moft, to try whether it would bear, and
being found found, Darab croſs'd it, but then
the reft coming on in a Throng, it fail'd,
and most of them perifh'd. When Darab
was out of his Enemies Reach, he tender'd
him other Terms, offering, in cafe he would
reftore him his Wives, and Daughters, and
quit his Dominions, to give him all the Re-
venues thereof, for fome Years. Whilft thefe
Propoſals were making, he fent Embaffadors
to the Kings of Maxarek, and India, his Sub-
jects, and Friends, who being inform'd of
his Misfortune, foon fuccour'd him fo pow-
erfully, that he is faid to have had a greater
Army than the Firft. Afcander made a Jeft
of the Terms offer'd him by Darab, they met
again, and the latter was the Second Time
overthrown, who fled to a Fortreſs, where
Two of his Favourites ftabb'd him, and think-
ing he was dead, fled to Afcander's Camp,
who hearing of this Villany, march'd with
all poffible Speed to find out Darab.
Death. found him at the laſt Gafp, paying him great
Reſpect, with many Tokens of Sorrow, and
abundance
Again.
He
The Hiftory of Perfia.
87
abundance of Tears, calling Heaven to wit-
neſs that he was innocent of that Murder.
Darab return'd him Thanks, fignifying he be-
liev'd him, and defiring he would punish the
Traytors, and be pleas'd to take to Wife his
Daughter Ruxangh, and not fuffer his Domi- Roxana,
nions to fall into any other Hands. Alcander
promis'd to perform his Requeft, and Darab
dy'd, uttering many melancholy Reflections,
and Sentences, concerning the Mifery of
human Life, and the Uncertainty of Tem-
poral Proſperity; all which Mirkond fets
down at large. He reign'd 14 Years.
CHAP. XXII.
Afcander, or Alexander the Great, Nine-
teenth King of Perfia, fubdues that
Kingdom, and what else hapned till
his Death.
Scander, or Sakandar, ſo call'd by the
Perfians, Turks, and Arabs, and by an-
other Name Zulkarnben, being the fame we
call Alexander the Great, was of fuch a haugh-
ty Difpofition, that tho' he was become
Mafter of fo confiderable a Part of the World,
yet he thought it all too little. He exten-
ded his Empire over all Greece, Hyeraken, Per-
fia, India, and Tartary; and whereas here is
frequent Mention made of Hyeraken. I will
briefly fay as much as may fuffice for the
better Understanding of what follows. The
Arabs and Perfians, affign this Name of Hye- Hyerak
rak to Two Regions, and for a Boundary Province,
between
G 4
88
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Alexan-
der not
Son to
Phillip.
between them affign, formerly the City of
Babylon, and now that of Bagdat, feated not
far from where the other ftood. The one of
them next to Perfia, including feveral King-
doms, and Principalities fubject to it, and
among them the Province properly call'd
Hyerak, the Metropolis whereof, as has been
already ſaid, is the famous City of Hifphaon,
or ifpabon, which Part is generally call'd Hy-
erak Agemy, that is, the Perfian Hyerak. The
other is that of Babylon, or Bagdat towards
Arabia, all which Country it includes, as alfo.
Egypt, and other Provinces, and this they call
Hyerak Araby, that is, the Arabian Hyerak;
and to expreſs both together, they fay Hyera-
ken, that is, the Two Hyeraks, which fhort
Expoſition will render this Word intelligible,
when it fhall occur.
All the Perfian Hiftorians agree, that Af
cander was not Son to Philip, whom they call
Phaylacus; but that he was his Wives, and
add that in the Reign of Philip, a Subject of
his, whofe Name was Kolus, fell in Love
with the Queen, and believing the likelieft
means to enjoy her was to kill her Husband,
he put it in Execution. Afcander came up
in the midſt of the Confufion, attended by
Barakus, one of his prime Commanders, and
meeting the Traytor Kolus, flew him, with
his own Hand. Then he return'd to the
Place, where his Father Philip was expiring,
gave difmal Token of Sorrow, and Affliction.
Philip being fenfible of his Death, plac'd Af-
cander amidst all the great Men then prefent,
defiring they would admit him for their
King, as they accordingly did. Then he
put him into the Hands of Ariftotle, charging
him, that as he had till then been his Inftru-
&tor,
The Hiftory of Perſia.
89
ctor, he fhould moft carefully continue fo to
be for the future, directing him what courſe
he was to follow, to govern himself and his
Subjects equitably. This done he dy'd, and Afcends
Afcander fucceeded him, immediately under- the Throne.
taking to fettle his Kingdom, which at that
time, was fomewhat turbulent. Having per-
form'd that, and fubdu'd the Countries of
Magareb en yunon, which are thofe of Greece,
lying West of Macedon, he fais'd the beſt
Army he was able, and relying on the Pro-
mifes made him by the Grandees of Perfia,
mov'd thither, where he fucceeded as has
been mention'd in the foregoing Chapter.
points Go-
He feiz'd thofe that had murder'd Darab, Marries
whom he executed in the moft rigid man- Roxana,
and ap-
ner; and then as he had promis'd, marry'd
his Daughter Ruxangh, a Name fignifying, › Vernor's,
the Light that fpreads from a Candle, or
Flambeau. The Kingdom of Perfia he com-
mitted to a Kinſman of Darab, and divided
the rest into Ninety Governments, and put
them under ſo many of his Commanders. He
caus'd Three Books to be tranflated out of the
Perfian Tongue into Greck; one of them was
call'd Teb, which treated of Phyſick, another
nam'd Noiun, of Aftrology, and Mathema-
ticks, Noiun, fignifying Stars; and a Third
of Philofophy. On the River Jehun he foun- Builds Ci-
ded a City, call'd Marwob; another in Kora- ties.
zon, by the Name of Herat, and that of Sa-
markand, in Uzbek. Having fettled the Af-
fairs of Perfia, he departed thence, towards
the South Eaft, travelling through uncooth,
and dangerous ways, till he came into India.
India having been fo exactly defcrib'd by
many, I fhall give no farther Account of it,
than briefly to obferve, what the Perfians and
Arabs
90
The Hiftory of Perfia.
India
to Perfi
ans, and
Arabs.
Arabs mean, when they ſpeak of India, which
according they exprefs by the Word Induftan, that is,
the Region of India. This Country reaches
from the River Indus, being in the Kingdom
of Sinde, the Refdence of the Abindi, a Na-
tion well known, call'd in their own Tongue
Abind, taken from the Perfian, and fignifying
Water of India, or of the River Indus, from
Ab, Water, and Ind, India. So that the Coaft
of India, begins at the End of the Kingdom of
Macron, with the River Indus, which waters the
Lands of the Kingdom of Sinde; fo call'd
by the Natives, from a River of the ſame
Name, which is the greatest of Five, that
compofe the Indus. However the Perfians,
and Arabs, call this Kingdom Diul, and in
Perfia, and at Labor, in the Mogul's Country,
they alſo uſually call the Indus, Pang Ab,
that is, Five Waters, from the Five Rivers,
that meet in it. One of theſe, as has been
faid already, is Bebat, rifing near Kabul, to-
wards Perfia; a fecond is Chanak, coming
from Quexmir, a Province Fifteen Days Jour-
ney from Labor; the third Rawy, fprings
near Labor, the Mogol's Country, and almoft
the Heart, and Center of all that is call'd
India. The others come from remoter Parts,
the one being call'd Via, and the other Send,
which gives Name to the Country, and
Kingdom the Portugueses vulgarly call Sinde.
All theſe Rivers, tho' their Courfes differ,
meet at Bakar, a Pafs. on the River Indus, e-
qually diſtant from Labor, and from the Sea.
Below it is the Fort of Seivon, to fecure the
Paffage of the River downwards. Lower
down towards the Sea, yet far diftant from
it is Tatah, a famous City, Capital of the
Kingdom of Send, or Sinde, where the Portu
Indus
River.
guefes
The Hiftory of Perfia.
91
guefes drive a great Trade. Down this River,
from Labor runs a great number of Kiftes, and
Chapuzes, being large Veffels, loden with fe-
veral Sorts of Commodities, great Quantities
of Calicoes, of various Kinds, Sugars, Indi-
go, Cotton, and many other things brought
from the Kingdoms of Labor, Multan, Agrah,
Dely, Mandon, Sytrob, Utrad, &c. to be Shipp'd
off at Bandel, and thence tranfported to Or-
muz, whether moft of it all is convey'd in
Portugueſe, and Moorish Ships. [Note, this was
when the Portuguefes were Powerful in India,
for now their Trade is inconfiderable.]
it's Con-
From the Kingdom, and City of Utrad, Utrad
laft nam'd, fome things are brought which Kingdoms
I will mention, becauſe I think them fingu- modities.
lar, tho' they do not belong to this Hiftory.
They bring from thence Sal Gem, which is
found in that fame Country, and the Na-
tives call it Geukar, from Kar, Salt, and Geu,
Barley, becauſe it is made of the Dew that
falls, and congeals in the Fields of Barley;
and we to imitate them, take the Words by
halves, and fay Salgeu, but more corruptly
Sal Gem. Hence alfo comes the Spikenard,
in the Arabick, and Perfian call'd Sembul Tib,
the ſweet ſcented Stem; and both thoſe Na-
tions call the Celeftial Sign of Virgo by this
Name of Sambul. From Utrad alfo comes
the moſt excellent Ingo, which our Phyfi-
cians call Afla fetida. This Gum is moftly Affa fetis
found in Three Places, in Utrad, as has been da.
faid, and that we have thence is very pure,
and not fo bitter; the fecond Sort is found
at Duzgun, in Perfia, a Town near Laston,
between Komron, and Lar, a City about 30
Leagues from Harmuz, or Ormuz; the Third
is brought from the Province of Karazon, in
Perfia.
92
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Cache
Perfia. There are Two Sorts of Plants that
produce this Gum; the one is a tall Shrub,
with fmall Leaves, like thofe of Rue, and
this produces but little; the other is a Root
like a Raddiſh, which fhoots out large, and
tender Stalks, and the Leaf is very like that
of the Infernal Fig-tree. In fome Places
they Plant them, in others they grow wild,
and delight in Mountains, and uncooth Pla-
ces. Most of it is gather'd about the end of
Autumn, for they make Incifions in the
Plants, towards the end of the Summer, and
then they begin to Weep. In the Year 1596,
I had Four Roots at Harmuz, or Ormuz,
which I had caus'd to be brought me from
Duzgun, very like the great Innames, that
come from Guinea, and of fo ftrong a fcent,
that there was no enduring the Houſe for
them, and tho' I kept them Eight Months,
they never perifh'd, nor loft theit Scent.
The Arabs call this Gum by feveral Names,
the chief whereof are, Haltit, Samaktre
Hhilbheis, Zaefa; the Perfians name it Inghza;
the Baneans of Cambaya call that of Utrad, In-
gub, and that of Perfia, Ingara, I have faid fo
much, becauſe it is fo highly in Requeft in
the Eastern Parts.
Next fillows the Kingdom of Cache, which
Kingdom. befides Calicoes, and much Oyl made of the
Seed call'd Semanum, and others, breeds ma-
ny Horfes, from the Name of the Country
call'd Kachis, and thefe very well fupply the
want of Spanish, Arabian, and Perfian Horfes.
Some Ports, and Lands, lye betwixt this
Kingdom, and that of Cambaya, which is not
large, but extraordinary Wealthy, tho' it has
no Mines of Gold, or Silver. There are
Three Sorts of Plants that enrich this King-
dom,
The Hiftory of Perfia.
93
dom, being the Cotton, Indigo, and Afion,
which is the Opium of the Greeks, and the
Arabs, for want of the Letter p, infert the f,
making Ofion, by the Vulgar corruptly Afun. Cambaya
Thoſe who have not feen it, can fcarce be- Kingdom.
lieve, what immenfe Quantities of theſe
Three Sorts are continually exported from
that Kingdom. Befides, it produces much
Sugar, and curious Stones as Chriftal, Ala-
batter, Porphiry, Jaſper, Lake, Agats, and
others, which the Natives cut very curiously;
nor do they want Diamonds, Cats Eyes, and
many other Commodities of Value. This
Kingdom is by the Natives call'd Guzaratte,
and the Portugueſes give it the Name of Cam-
baya, from a City in it, where they drove a
great Trade, tho' the Capital of it is one up
the Inland call'd Hamet Ewat, that is, Homed's
City, that being the Name of the King that
founded it. The Inhabitants of it are divi-
ded into Mahometans and Gentiles, but above
the Two Thirds one of the latter, yet not Tranfmi-
all of one Opinion, as I fhall foon fhow gration of
* Souls.
tho' almoſt all of them being Pythagoreans,
hold the Immortality of the Soul, and that it
receives Reward, or Punishment in it's Me-
tempfychofis, or Tranfmigration; for they
fay, that when a Man dies, according as he
liv'd virtuously, or wickedly, the Soul paffes
from his Body into another good, or bad
Creature, and from that afterwards either
mends, or grows worſe, and fo on ad infinitum.
This is the Reaſon why they Worship Cows,
and they were to much recommended to
them by Remah, a Law-giver of theirs, whom Cor's Wor-
they honour as a God, becauſe they are fripp'd, and
tame, ufeful, well kept Creatures, and pro-
per, as they think, to receive the Souls of
•
the
why.
94
The Hiftory of Perfia.
the Juft; befides many more Abfurdities they
hold. Hence it is they ufe fo much Charity
towards all Beafts, and Birds, which they
will neither eat, nor kill, alledging the Souls
of humane Creatures are Tranfmigrated in-
to them. So prevalent is this Notion, that
in the City of Cambanet, which the Portuguefes
call Cambayet, and is the fame as Cambaya,
they have a publick Hofpital, in which they
Hofpital Cure all forts of fick Creatures, tho' at the
for Beats fame time they take little, or no Care at all
of fick Men, or of the Poor, that beg for
Relief, to whom their Anfwer is, God did
you Harm, and we too. Thus they fpend
vaft Sums of Mony on Follies, and Super-
ftitions, as hap'ned whilft I was in India, in
the City of Diu, where a Pagan Banean Mer-
chant ſpent Ten, or Twelve Thouſand Du-
Wedding cats, to celebrate the Wedding of a Cow and
of a Cow, a Bull, I will not fay Thirty Thousand, as
was then affirm'd, becauſe I will be within
Compafs. This was done in the City of Diu,"
on the Coaſt of the Kingdon of Cambaya,
where the Portuguefes have that famous For-
treſs, ſo much talk'd of for the mighty Victo-
ries they obtain'd in it, at feveral times, and
fince I have nam'd it, and it will not be
ftraying from the Kingdom of Cambaya, I
will obferve one Curiofity concerning it,
which few have taken Notice of The
Name, the Natives and other Indians give to
this City is Dive, pronouncing the e at the
end, extraordinary foft; and this is no pro-
per Name, but generical, fignifying an Iſland,
as they fay Ange Dive, the five Iflands; Nale
DiuTown. dive, which the Portugueses, pronounce Mal
diva, Four Iſlands, Selandive, the Ifland Cey-
bon; fo that Diu, is call'd Dive, the Iſland,
and a Bull.
fignifying
The Hiftory of Perfia.
95
fignifying it's Preheminence above all others;
and when in Speaking, or Writing, they
would diſtinguiſh it from others, they call ic
Dive Nowlaká, that is the Iland of the Nine
Millions. The Reaſon they give for it is, be-
cauſe the Daughter of the Lord of the Iland
formerly begging a Boon of her Father, he
granted her all the Income of the Cuſtom
Houfe for that Day, and it amounted to
Nine Leques, being Nine Millions of that
Country Mony, whence it had the Name of
Dive Nowlaká; thus we fee that Diu, or Dive
fignifies an Iſland, and is no proper Name.
There is great variety of Sects among the Various
People of Cambaya, infomuch, that it is rare of Can-
Opinions
to find a Houſe whofe Inhabitants are all of of Cam-
bayans
one Opinion, without differing in fome
Point. Some of them eat Flesh, and others
not; fome will eat, but not kill it, and others
both kill, and eat it. Some may kill, and
eat certain Creatures, but neither eat, nor
kill others; fome there are that eat no Flesh,
but do Fith. Many live upon Milk, and
Herbs; others refufe to eat red Blites, a very
common Herb in India, alledging there is
Blood in them, which they are forbidden to
fhed. They will not feat any Portuguefe Pre-
ferves, befides other Reaſons, becauſe the
Sugar is clarify'd with Eggs. Some eat at
certain Hours out of Superftition, and others.
at quite different, as Cambayans, who muft
not eat after the Sun is fet; and what is very
remarkable, they are mot ftrict Obfervers,
of their Diabolical Ceremonies, and the moft
abftemious of any People in the Univerfe,
and I have heard of, and feen incredible In-
ftances of their Fafts, which I purpofely o-
mit, not to exceed my intended Brevity, but
I hell
96
2
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Three
chief Selts.
I fhall hint fomething, as occafion offers.
Baneans. Before I pafs from Cambaya to any other of
the Kingdoms comprehended under the ge-
neral Name of India. I muft obferve, that
all the Natives of this Guzaratte Kingdom,
are call'd by the general Name of Vanean,
and the Portugueses corruptly pronounce Ba-
neans, whereof there is a great Number of
Families, Races, and diftinct Sects, and a-
mong them Three Principal above all the
reft, and theſe are call'd Jon Kah, Mexery,
and Baman. The Difference between the
Two firft is, that thofe of Mexery have Idols,
and worship them, which thofe of Jon Kab
do not, but acknowledge one only God of
Heaven, whom they adore, and acknow-
ledge as Soveraign Beginning, and End of
all Things; however it is lawful for them to
intermarry with one another, and to eat to-
gether, their Cuftoms being the fame in all
other Refpects.
Reſpects. The other Race Baman,
whom we call Brachmans, are thoſe who ſerve
in the Temples of the Idols, marry People,
and perform the like Functions. Some of
theſe live upon Charity, but may not eat,
or drink in the Houfes of the Baneans.
Brach-
mans.
Theſe
have a large City, call'd Byzanlagar, in the
midſt of the Kingdom of Guzaratte, with
other Towns about it, wherein are about
Thirty Thouſand Houfes of them, a People
formerly poor, and defpifing the World; at
preſent they live upon Tillage, and breeding
of Cattel, and fome of them are very rich.
Theſe generally marry but one Wife, but
may if they pleaſe, have two, which is not
allow'd the Baneans, and if the Wife dies,
they may not take another; but when the
Husband dies, the Wife may marry again.
The
The Hiftory of Perfia.
97
The contrary is us'd in the other Races,
where the Wife dying, the Man may marry
again; but if the Woman is once a Widow,
the muſt ever continue fo. None of thefe
Three Races may kill, or fhed Blood. It is
not without fome Caufe that I have faid fo
much as to this particular, for elfe I fhouid
be oblig'd to do it hereafter, and it is better
now.
Dekan is the next Kingdom that follows, Dekan
its Capital is Hamedanager, the Lands of Cole, Kingdom,
and Choute, and others of confiderable Ex-
tent, lying between. In this Kingdom is
the City of Chaul, belonging to the Portu-
guefes. To the Southward of this lies the
Kingdom of Cunkan, whereof Bizapor, or Cunkan.
Vizapor is the Metropolis, and within it is
comprehended the Iſland and City of Goa,
fubject to the Portugueses. Then goes on Bar-
celor, and the Country of Canara, vulgarly Canara,
call'd the Kingdom of the Chatims, that is,
of Merchants, becauſe it is a fort of Com-
mon-wealth, govern'd by the Citizens, who
are all Merchants, and in India a Merchant
is call'd Chatim, and thence the Kingdom of
Chatims, which is no Name of Contempt,
but reckned honourable. The Perfians call
it Saudagar; the Malayans, Quelin; the Chi-
nefes, Queve. Thus the Name of India, or
Indoftan, among the Perfians and Arabs, is reck-
ned to extend to this Kingdom, and ſpeaking
of the Countries which follow farther on,
commonly included by us under the Name
of India, they call them by their particular
Names, extending the general Name no far-
ther than the Sea Coaft; tho' there are many
large Kingdoms up the Inland, comprehen-
ded in India, as may be feen in thoſe who
H
undertake
98
The Hiftory of Perfia.
For, or
Porus
King of
India.
undertake to defcribe it, that being foreign
from my purpoſe.
At the Time when Alexander enter'd India,
the chief and mightiest of the Kings then
reigning in it, was For. Our Hiftories, it
is well known, call him Porus; but as has
been faid, the Arabs having no P in their
Alphabet, inftead of it fubftitute F, and I,
to avoid Confufion, write it as the Perfians
do. But if it fhould be ask'd, why the Per-
fians follow the Arabs in this particular, fince
the Letter P is us'd in Perfia; I anfwer, that
when the Arabs enter'd, and fubdu'd Perfia,
they brought in their own Characters, and
way of writing, which the Perfians fo in-
tirely apply'd themſelves to, that their own
was totally loft, and forgotten; fo that there
Perfian is not at preſent one Man in Perfia, that un-
Character derftands their Antient Letters; for having
lofi,
A
often feen fome Plates of Metal, with an-
tient Infcriptions on them, I have made En-
quiry after the meaning of them, and Men
well vers'd in their Antiquities, and very ftu-
dious have told me, that was Forz kadin, after
the old Faſhion, and therefore I fhould find
no. Man that underſtood it. So that the Per-
fian Alphabet, and manner of writing is in-
tirely loft, and extinct; and they have taken
up the Arabick Letters, and from that Na-
tion they have alfo taken many Words, and
Expreffions, which they pronounce like 'em,
in Arabick, eſpecially as to natural Things.
Nor is this any Wonder, confidering that in
Spain, and more particularly in Portugal, by
their long. Continuance among us, they have
left many Words of theirs, fuch as, Camiza,
a Shirt; Arros, Rice; Azeyte, Oyl; Azeytu-
na, an Olive; Romam, a Pomgranate; Ta-
mara,
The Hiftory of Perfia.
99
་
mara, a Tamarind; Afelgas, white Beets; A-
Zucar, Sugar; Alfayate, a Taylor; Alveytar,
a Farrier; Aldea, a Village, and many more.
Alexan-
To return to Afcander, or Alexander, ha- For, or
ving enter'd India, and being inform'd of Porus,
For's mighty Power, he writ to acquaint him routed by
with his coming, and to perfwade him peace- der.
ably to fubmit. For, or Porus met him with
his Army, was overthrown, and fled; yet
rais'd new Forces, and ask'd Succours of ail
thoſe that were able to fend any. Having
thus gather'd confiderable Forces, he march'd
again towards Alexander, with whom he had
feveral Rancounters, which took up Twenty
Days, with much Slaughter of the Greeks.
Afcander was at a Nonplus, and apprehen-
five of a greater Lofs, and thinking that the
ſafeſt way, challeng'd For to fingle Combat,
which he accepted of. Being come together,
with equal Refolution, ånd Weapons, in the
Heat of the Fight, a loud Cry was rais'd in
For's own Tent, which made him forget
himſelf, and look back, to fee what it might
mean; Afcander oblerving that favourable
Opportunity, would not let it flip; but gave
him fuch a Wound, that he dropt down dead. And kill'd,
No fooner was this known, than all the In-
dians fled feveral ways, fo that in a fhort
time, there was not one to be feen in the
Field, and Afcander had an open Paffage in-
to thofe Countries. He refolv'd to go on,
as far as Brakema, where I faid before the
Bamans, or Brachimans refided, being Men
that made no Account of this World, and he
would go thither, only to fee and converfe
with them. They hearing of it, fent to de-
fire he would fave himſelf that Trouble,
fince he could neither get Gold, nor Silver,
H 2
シュー
​nor
3
100
The Hiftory of Perfia.
nor extend his Dominions by it. This ra-
ther ferv'd to make Alexander the more ea-
ger, who caufing his Army to incamp, or-
der'd they should lie ftill till he return'd, and
Alexan- taking fome particular Friends along with
der vifits him, went away to fee the Brachmans. Be-
the Brach-ing come to the Place, he ftood amaz'd at
mans.
are.
He
their Courſe of Life, Aufterity, and Poverty;
for they living ftrictly up to the Law of Na-
ture, fed upon nothing but Herbs, and Fruit,
were clad in Skins of Beafts, and fpent their
time in commendable Employments.
diſcours'd them, and being pleas'd with their
way of living, offer'd them his Friendſhip.
They defir'd him to turn back, without pro-
ceeding any farther; but that he told them he
could not do, becauſe he was fent. Having
taken his Leave, he return'd to the Camp,
Who they to profecute his Conquefts. It has been de-
were, or clar'd before, that Bizanlagar, which is the
Province of Brahema, is in the Kingdom of
Guzaratte, or Cambaya, and thither Tarik Mir-
kond fays Alexander went, and I believe thoſe
People from it had the Name of Brachmans,
as they are call'd in writing, and by us;
whether it was the proper Denomination of
thoſe People, or differently and corruptly
pronounc'd by other Nations, as frequently
happens, and the Portuguefes now call them
Bramanes, tho' they name themſelves Baman,
or Bamana. Nor is there any doubt to be
made, but that thefe are the fame, for tho'
in Procefs of time they may have vary'd
fomething in their Ceremonies, and manner
of living, however theſe are ſtill the Priefts,
or Minifters of the Idol Temples, and in
them is the Spiritual Government of the
Gentils and even fome Kingdoms are go-
vern'd
1
The History of Perfia.
ΙΟΙ
vern'd in Temporals by them, as thoſe of
Cochim, and Porkab, where none can be Kings
but Bamans, or Brachmans. Enough has been
writ of thefe Men, their Manners, and the
Superftition of a white Thread they wear,
by way of Diftinction, about their Neck,
next the Skin, and then croffing from the
left Shoulder to the right fide, and therefore
I fhall not fpeak of thefe Things.
Kalan-
However, I will fay fomething of another of the Jo-
Sort of Vagabonds there is in the Eaft, com- guys, and
monly call'd Joguys, and by the Portuguefes, dars
Jogues, being like Pilgrims, who flroul from
one Kingdom to another, upon long Pilgri-
mages. According to antient Cuftom, as
many of thefe, as poffibly. can, at a certain
time of the Year, repair to the upper Cana-
nor,
a Town on the Indian Coaſt of Malabar,
near to a Portugueſe Fort, which took Name
from it; and there among themſelves, they
chufe a Chief, as it were a High Prieft, to
whom they are all fubject in Spirituals. Af-
ter the Election they all return to their Pil-
grimages, travelling through feveral Coun-
tries, exercifing themfelves, as they fay, in
Virtue, good Works, and an Exemplar Life.
There are Two Sorts of thefe People, the
one Mahometans, call'd Kalandars, the other
Heathens, being the Joguis; both of them
wander about, live poorly upon Charity, and
are ill clad; but in all Places they pals thro'
they are free, priviledg'd, refpected, and
look'd upon as good Livers, as the Moral
Philofophers were formerly. Some of theſe
are acquainted with Stones, Herbs, and o-
ther Simples of fingular Virtue, and Efficacy,
which they have learnt by ranging up and
down, and scarce any of them are free from
much
11 3
102
The Hiftory of Perfia.
1
1
much Fraud, and Knavery. The Mahometan
Kalandars, travelling through colder Coun
tries, eſpecially Perfia, and Turkeftam, are
better clad, wearing Felts, Sheep Skins, great
Caps of the fame, Stockins, and Shoes, or
Buskins. They have fomething of Jefters,"
delight, in carrying a green Nofegay, or a
Flower, or the like, in their Hands, which
they offer to any well drefs'd Man they
meet, reciting, at the fame time a few Per-
fian, or Arabick Verfes, containing fome Sen-
tence, to incline him to give them an Alms;
and tho' they range many Countries, they
live for the moft Part in Towns. The fo-
guys, who are Gentiles, wander in hotter
Countries, wear lefs Cloaths, are fonder of
the open Fields, and Deferts, practice more
Aufterity, value themfelves upon leading a
penitent Life, and in reality do it, in their
way, to fuch a Degree, that it is amazing;
for ſome of them live feveral Days fuc-
ceffively without eating, or drinking the
leaft Bit, or Drop, which is very frequent
among the Indian Gentiles, who do wonders
Wonderful of this Sort. I faw one, whofe Name was
Fafting.
Ralu, that liv'd Ten Days, and Nights in a
Cave on a Mountain, and becauſe I admir'd
it, they laugh'd at me, affirming there were
others, who fafted much longer, which I
afterwards found to be true. Tho' many
Perfons at feveral times, and in different
Fable. Places, all agreeing in the fame thing affur'd
me, that a Woman was brought before the
Great Mogol, who had liv'd Four Months,
without eating, or drinking; yet I dare not
vouch for the Truth of it, as being a thing
incredible; and yet fome of them I had it
from were very reputable. When I came
from
?
1 J
•
1
The Hiftory of Perfia.
103
from the Iſland of Ceylon, for Goa, in the
Year 1588, with one that was prefently af-
ter Viceroy of India, our Fleet came to an
Anchor off of Barcelor, being defirous to fee
that Portugueſe Fortrefs, and the City of the
fame Name, which they call, the upper Bar- Barcelor
celor, Capital of Canara, and the Kingdom of City.
the Chatins, above ſpoken of, I got leave to
go a fhore, and having travell'd about a
League and a half, along a pleafant Road,
for fo far the City is from the Fortreſs, and
enter'd, I found it of a confiderable Ex-
tent, enclos'd with a Ditch, and Wall, in
which there are Loopholes; being conve-
niently feated, on the Bank of a large, and
delightful River. The Houfes well built of
Timber, the Temples, which are numerous,
of Lime, and Stone, and in the midft of
the City, one larger than all the reft,
fquare, after the manner of our Cloisters,
with a fort of Chappel, juft within the door,
made in the Nature of a Carriage, and an
Idol in it. All the reft about the Square,
being Galleries, and Dormitories, or Cels to
lodge the Bamans, or Brachmans, who are the
Prieſts, or Minifters belonging to the Tem-A Temple.
ple. Without the Gate, and oppofite to it,
6 or 7 Paces diftant, on a plain Spot, food
a fquare Pedeſtal of Lime, and Stone, about
30 fpaces high, full of Niches on all the 4
fides, and theſe ferve for Candleſticks, where
there are Lights at Night, and on the Top
was a curious large Candleſtick of Metal. I
enter'd the City as foon as it was Day, and
at the Foot of that Pedeftal or Pile, faw a
Joguy, of a large Stature, brawny, black,
and deformed, fitting on the Ground, with-
out any Cloaths, or Covering, but a little
H 4
dirty
104
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Strange
Fendent
Indian
•
dirty Clout, which cover'd his Nakednefs.
In his Hand he held a wooden Fork, about
two Spans long, on which he fometimes
refted one Arm, then the other, and then
his Legs, having Aſhes all round him, ſome
of which he took every now and then, and
fuew'd on his Head. This was at the latter
End of March, when the Heat is very violent
in thofe Countries. Having made this Ob-
fervation, I went on to fee the reft of the
City, and returning that way at noon, found
the Foguy fitting in the fcorching Sun as pa-
tiently, and fedately, as if he had been in the
cooleft, and moft delightful Houſe. So he
continu'd till the Evening, when after Sun
fet, others came to him, to whom he flood
up, and they having brought Boughs, lighted.
à Fire, and made new Ashes, fome of which
they firew'd on their Heads, turning their
Faces towards the Weft; then after a Prayer,
they parted, and every one went his way,
and he return'd to his Poft. I enquir'd,
whether he had been long there, and they
told me feveral Years, and that neither Heat
nor Rain drove him away, nor did he ever
ftir, unless compell'd by fome Neceffity of
Nature. I have mention'd this I faw my
felf as an Infiance, to fhow what thofe Wret-
ches endure, and how much Pains they take
to go to the Devil, and how little we do to
gain Heaven. Such fort of Men are all the
Feguys, of whom I have faid fo much, on
Account of what this Hiftory mentions of
the Austerity of the Inhabitants of Brahema.
Afeander proceeded on to the remoteft
King 300 Parts of India, where he met with a mighty
Years old. King, call'd Keyd, who was 300 Years of
Age. They convers'd together, with much
Show
The Hiftory of Perfia.
105
der in
King.
Show of Kindneſs, and Affection; and Keyd
having taken his Leave, Afçander travell'd Alexan-
Eaſtward, till he came to China, where Kha China.
Khon King of that Country came out to meet
him, and they agreed peaceably, contracting
Amity; in Token whereof, Kha Khon gave Rich Pre-
him a Thouſand Mans of the pureft Gold, Jents made
him by that
which amounts to 4000 Marks, each Man
being little above 4 Marks of Gold, and a
Mark is 8 Ounces; 1000 Pieces of rich white
Silk; 5000 Garments of Diba, an extraordi-
nary rich Sort of Silk, much worn in the
Eaft, by Kings and Princes, 100 Swords, the
Hilts of Gold, fet with Stones; 100 good
Horfes, richly accoutred; 100000 Ounces
of Musk; 200 Pounds of Calamba rich Wood,
and a great Quantity of the fineſt and moſt
valuable Furs. It feems ridiculous, and
groundleſs, to fay, that Alexander went as far
as China, as Mirkond tells us, when it is doubt-
ful, whether ever he reach'd India, therefore
to give the better Colour to what I have
writ, delivering it, as I found it; the Rea-
der is to obferve, that it is very ufual with
the Perfians to give the Name of Chin, to all
that is beyond the Provinces of Maurenahar,
being all Tartary, Ketbao Kothan, by us com-
monly call'd Cathay, China, and other Coun-
tries lying that way. Thus they call the
King, or Soveraign of Tartary, King of Chi-
na, making this a general Name, as we do
that of India, comprizing in it all the Eaft
Countries, becauſe the true India lies that
way; fo that as we by the Name of India,
denote all that lies Eaftward of it, in the fame
manner the Perfians, becaufe China lies Eaft
of them, include under that Denomination
all the remote Regions bearing that way
from
106
The Hiftory of Perfia.
from them. This is the Reaſon why they
Rhubarb call Rhubarb, Revand Chin, that is Rhubarb
the beft. of China, becauſe the beſt and greateft Quan-
tity of it, comes from Gax Khar, or Kax Ghar,
a City on the Frontiers of Uzbek, near Ke-
thao Ketham, or Cathay; thus diftinguiſhing it
from another Sort growing in Perfia, and
Karafon, which they name Revand Afpey, that
is Horfe Rhubarb, becauſe us'd for curing
of Horfes. The Portuguefes alfo bring it from
China, of which I have ſeen ſome good, but
not fo excellent as the other, nor will it
keep fo long. Some have pretended, that
the Reaſon why this is not fo good, or la-
fting as the other, which comes by the way
of Perfi is becauſe the Chineſes boil it, to
make uſe of the Decoction; but they are
deceiv'd, for in Reality, it is not fo good of
it felf; befides that it is brought by Sea from
China to India, which Country, especially
thofe Parts inhabited by the Portugueses are
extremely damp, and if it is kept there but
never fo fhort a time, being of Neceffity to
be carry'd by Sea again, it muft decay, and
lofe much of its Virtue. The Rhubarb Plant,
is like the Turnip, confifting of a fhort Stalk,
with fmall Leaves, rifing but little. They
pull it up when ripe, and when cut into
fuch Pieces, as are brought over to us, they
run Threads through, and hang them a dry-
ing in the Air. Some Author has writ, that
they ftrung them, to hang about the Necks
of Cattel, in order to Exportation, as being
prohibited; but he was misinform'd, for it
neither is, nor ever was prohibited, and there
is fuch Plenty where it grows, that a Man
being almoft 36 Ounces Weight, is generally
fold for a Sady, being juft half a Royal, or
Three
The Hiftory of Perfia.
107
Three Pence. Thus it appears, that Kha
Khon Chiny, with whom Mirkond tells us, Af-
cander made Peace, was the King of Tartary, Tartar
as we call it, or as the Perfians name it Tatar, Empire.
and the Inhabitants of thofe Parts Tataron, as
we do Tartars, whofe Empire they uſually
divide into Two Parts. The one is next to
Europe, above the Caspian Sea, the Metropo-
lis whereof is Kefab, on the Bank of the faid
Sea. The other being the principal, borde-
ring on China, properly call'd Khan balek, ſig-
nifying the Kings, or Lords City, from Balek,
City, and Khan, King, or Lord. I know
there are thofe that write it Balu, but it ought
to be Balek. This is the Great Tartar's Court,
of whoſe Wealth and Grandeur, this is a
fufficient Teſtimony, that it generally has a
Garrison of Sixty Thouſand Men within the
Walls, and tho' this feems extravagant,
there is nothing more certain; for I making
a Queſtion of it, enquir'd and was fully
convinc'd of the Truth. Chinguys Khan
was King of thofe Parts, and the firft that
brought thoſe Nations into Perfia, of whom
fomething fhall be faid in its Place. There
is much very pure Gold in thofe Parts, which
perhaps is the fame with that of Pachim and
Sucheo, or Fucheo, in China, and extraordinary
fine. Thence alfo comes the greatest Quan-
tity of Musk, by the Arabs, and Perfians, call'd of Buks
Mexk, Mesk, or Mosk. The Perfians alfo call
a Moufe, Moxh, not that thofe fweet fcented
ones of India, which exhale a moſt fragrant
Odour, are any thing a kin to the Creatures
that produce the Musk; for theſe are call'd
Gazelles, being large almoft of the Spe-
cies of Deer, or very like them; whereas
the others are very fmail Mice, like thofe we
call
108
The Hiftory of Perfia.
num A-
loes.
call Shrews.
All the Musk that comes not
from China, is much more pure and excellent,
as is that brought through Bengale, Pegu, and
other Parts; and the Reafon this is better,
is, becauſe it falls not into the Hands of the
Chinefes, who cannot endure to let any thing
paſs without Sophiftication.
All theſe Nations, whether Uzbeks, Tartars,
or thoſe Khetao Khotan, or Cathay, differ lit-
tle from the Chineſes in Afpect, or Habit.
They are fair, well limb'd, have ſmall funk
Eyes, and thin frizly Beards. There is e-
nough writ upon this Subject, for which rea-
Calamba, fon I do not dilate farther upon it. Neither
and Lig- will I fay much of the Calamba, it being well
known to all Men, that the best comes from
the Kingdom of Champa, neighbouring upon
China, and the next to it from Kacho Chin,
which the Portuguefes vulgarly call Cochinchina,
and it is wonderful, that very often one and
the fame Trunk of a Tree produces the Ca-
lamba, the Eagle Wood, or Lignum Aloes,
and another Sort of Wood, different from
them both, which I have feen feveral times,
and this is the Reafon, why, when they fall
theſe Trees, they caft them into Bogs, or the
Ouze of Rivers, to the End the ufelefs Wood
may there rot, and confume, and the good
be preferv'd. Some thing of this Sort is alfo
found in the Woods of Malaca, and the neigh-
bouring Kingdom of Pam, which the Portu-
guefe call Pao. The Arabs and Perfians call the
Eagle Wood, or Lignum Aloes, Ud; and the
Calamba, Kalumbuck. Having fpoken briefly
of this precious Wood, I will fay fomething
Sandal, or not amifs of the Sandal, or Sanders, whofe
Sanders. Virtue is not inferior to the other. The
white, for there is no diftinct Species of the
yellow,
The Hiftory of Perfia.
109
yellow, but only the white, through fome
Accident, contracts fomething of that Colour.
This white I fay, grows in the Iſland Timor,
500 Leagues diftant from Malaca, and is call'd
in the Language of the faid Ifland Chandava,
whence the Arabs and Perfians, corruptly name
it Sandal, as we do from them. The Trees
grow on high craggy dry Clifts, and produce
a Sort of Fruit like the Bay Berries, but fquare,
which being eaten by the Birds, they evacu-
ate it again, with their Excrement, in feve-
ral Places, whence new Trees grow up, as
happens with the Cloves in the Molucco Inlands.
Thefe Sandal Trees, before they are cut
down, are try'd cutting out a Piece as we do
with Melons, to fee whether they are fit to
fall; as alſo to know whether it be Sandal, or
another Sort of Wood, which is fometimes fo
like it, that the Eye can ſcarce diftinguiſh
between them.
mor.
In this Iſland of Timor there daily happen Brutality
very ftrange Accidents, to the Portugueses that of the Peo
fail thither for Sandal, occafion'd by the Bru-ple of Ti-
tality of the Natives, which perhaps is not to
be match'd, and whereof I will fay fome-
thing, for the Diverſion of the Reader. Thefe
People do not fail upon the Sea, nor do they
underſtand any thing of it; and it is a known
Truth, that the ufe of Fire is very new a-
mong them, having liv'd all paft Ages with-
out it. Among other ridiculous Opinions
they hold, one is, that all thofe who die
there, go to live at Malaca, and it has hap-
ned there, that a Portuguese Ship going thither
to trade, and one of the Seamen fomewhat
reſembling the Son of a Native, that was
dead, the Father laid hold of him, crying,
my dear Child, how could you be fo forgetful; why
did
110
The History of Perfia.
Stories.
did you stay fo long, without taking Compaffion of
3 Comical me, who am quite weary of expecting you, and
looking to your Buffaloes, and Goats? There they
are all multiply'd, take them, for I must repose
my felf. The Portuguefe being a fly Fellow,
receiv'd all that was offer'd him, and ex-
chang'd it for a confiderable Quantity of San-
dal, with which he return'd home. A well
known Inhabitant of Malaca, going in a Ship
of his own to this Ifland, arriv'd in a Port of
it, at the time when the King of that Place
was lamenting the Death of his Father, who
was newly departed this Life. He went a
fhore, vifited the King, and mixing among
his People, made the beft fhow he was able
of weeping with them; the King looking up-
on him as a good natur'd Man, loaded his
Ship with Sandal, and difmifs'd him. Another
came into another Port, upon the like occa-
fion, the King defir'd him to reſtore his Fa-
ther to Life; the Portuguese anſwer'd, he
knew the King of Malaca, fo they call'd the
Governor, was the Perfon that muft raife the
dead, as they faid; but that he had no orders
from him for fo doing; but that to ferve him,
he would carry his Father along with him,
and defire him to do it fpeedily. The King
was well pleas'd, the Portuguese carry'd the
Carcafe aboard, taking it in on one fide, and
throwing it over into the Sea, on the other,
with a good Weight of Stones to it; and this
good Service was requited with his whole
Lading. A Thouſand fuch Accidents as this
have hapned there.
Medicinal
Woods.
There are other Sorts of Wood of fingular
Virtue in this ifland; yet not fo valuable,
becauſe they are not become a Commodity
among them are, Vidare pute, fignifying,
white
The Hiftory of Perfia.
III
white Apple, and Vidare labor, that is, Sea
Apple, in the Malayan Language, which are
of fingular uſe, againſt feveral Difeafes. In
Solor, another Iſland cloſe by, is another Sort
by the Portugueſes call'd Pao de Solor, that is,
Solor Wood, of no leſs Virtue. There is alfo
a Compofition, or Antidote againſt Poiſon,
which they call Belyla, being the Name of a
Mahometan who invented it, and is like Shoo-
makers Wax, held in great Efteem. The Na-
tives of Timor generally eat Buffalo's, and
Goats Fleſh, with the Blood, Skin, and Hair,
fcarce heated at the Fire; and fome Herbs
and Roots; the reft of their Cuftoms are
fuitable, and yet fo prevalent is the Avarice
of thoſe who trade thither, that rather than
be diſappointed of Sandal, when they vifit
their Kings, they fit down among their Sub-
jects, not on Chairs, or on Carpets fpread
upon the Ground, and feed upon this Diet,
and whatſoever elfe the King orders them,
which is all wretched. To purchaſe Sandal,
they carry Gold, mix'd with a third or fourth
Part of Silver; Loyas, being a Sort of Laton,
brought from China, whereof they make Brace
lets; Patolas, which a kind of Callicoes from
India, and other things. There is alfo Red
Sandal, or Sanders, but in a Country very
remote from Timor, that is, in India, on the
Coaft of Coromandel, about the City of St. Tho-
mas, or Meliapor. Great Quantities of both
Sorts are carry'd to China, Bengale, Cambaya,
Pegu, Arabia, and Perfia. Diba mention'd
above is an extraordinary rich Silk, worn in
the Eaft, by Kings and Princes. The weight
the Portuguefes in India generally call Mao, is
by the Perfians nam'd Man, and Men, being Man e
the fame as Mine, the Value, and Quantity Weight.
whereof
}
112
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Alexan-
der the
Great dies.
whereof varies according to the feveral Coun-
tries. Zabkyrey Koarrazmxa, which with us
fignifies Zachary, King of Koarrazm, a fa-
mous Phyſician, who writ a Book very like
that of Mefue, us'd in Perfia, treats very fully
of theſe Weights and Meafures, and calls this
we fpeak of Min. On the Coaft of Melinde,
they name it Mayna; the Reader will excufé
this Digreffion, for I omit many things to
avoid being tedious.
To return to Afcander, he having receiv'd
thoſe Preſents already mention'd from Hhakon
Chiny, took leave of him, and directing his
courſe towards Maxarek, fubduing feveral Na-
tions by the way, return'd into the Weft. At
Hermez, near Aureg, in the Territory of Ba-
bylon, he fell fick, and dy'd; when he had
liv'd 36 Years, and reign'd 17, having been
Soveraign of 22 large Provinces in the 3
Parts of the World. The Kings of Thirteen
of them always attended him. The Perfians
extol the Life, and Actions of Afcander, as
wonderful, and have writ many Books in
Verſe and Profe, upon that Subject, full of
abundance of excellent Flights, and Senten-
ces; and Mirkond fpends much time upon this
Relation, delivering fome things, which feem
incredible; but my Deſign being only to treat
of the Kings of Perfia, laying down their right
Succeffion from one to another, I do not pre-
tend to be too particular. Thus we will con-
clude the Life of Afcander, whom the Perfians
reckon among their Kings, and allow 14 years
to his Reign.
CHAP
The Hiftory of Perfia.
113
U
CHAP. XXIII.
Of the Inter-regnum in Perfia.
Pon the Death of Alexander, all Things
were full of Confufion and Diſorder,
throughout his Dominions; and in Perfia
there hapned an Inter-regnum, which lafted
72 Years; during which time it was govern'd
by Wazirs, or Viziers, being Regents; till at
laft their Rule expiring, the Kingdom was
reftor'd to the Race of the former Kings,
which was continu'd as follows.
CHAP. XXIV.
of Schapur, or Sapor, the Twentieth
King of Perfia.
TH
HE 72 Year after the Death of Aſcan-
der, during which Perfia was govern'd
by Wazirs, or Viziers; being expir'd, the
Crown was conferr'd upon Schapur, or Sapor,
Darab's Kinfman, whofe Brother Mirkond calls
him, according to the common way of ſpea-
king us'd among the Perfians, and Arabians,
who call any near Relation Brother, and
even in Holy Writ this fame Expreffion is fo
us'd. Nothing remarkable worth mentioning
hapned during the Reign of this Schapur, nor
do they write any more concerning him.
I.
CHAP.
114
The Hiftory of Perfia.
CHAP. XXV.
Of Ardxir Babar Khon, the Twenty Firſt
King of Perfia.
T
Rdfchir Baba Khon fucceeded Schapor in
the Throne, was a good King, and
gave general Satisfaction during his Reign.
According to the Perfian Chronology, this
King rul'd at the time when our Saviour
Fejus Christ was upon Earth, and tho feveral
Objections may be made, I fhall not under-
take the Controverfy, becauſe I have only
urdertaken to deliver what I found written,
Ardfchirlways flicking to my intended Brevity.
reign'd in Hove must be fore Cfna in the Perfian Hiftory,
the Days for from the Death of Alexander to the Birth of
of our Sa-
viour. Christ, there paffed abous 220 Years, by which we
may guel's thefe People have little, or no Account of
their Affairs, from the Death of that Monarch,
till the Incarnation of our Lord.] This King's
Sirname was Baba Khon, which in the Perfian
fignifies the fame as Abu Malek, in the Arabick,
that is, Father and Lord, or Father King; for
the Perfians vulgarly call a Father Pedar, but
when they fpeak of any Perfon, to whom
particular Reſpect is due, by the Name of
Father, they ule this Word Baba, as Baba
Adam, Baba Noe, Father Adam, and Father
Noch. Khon, or Khan is a Title of Honour
fignifying King, or Lord, and fo in the Ara-
bick, Abu is Father, and Malek King, of
which Titles I fhall fay fomething more here-
after.
i
CHAP.
The Hiftory of Perfia:
119
CHAP. XXVI.
Of Schapur Zabel Ketaf, the Twenty
Second King of Perſia.
A
Rdſchir Baba Khon dying, the Crown of
Perfia devolv'd upon Schapur Zabel Ketaf,
who being an Infant, and a Brother he had
younger, the Tuition of him was committed
to an Unkle of his, Brother to his Father,
nam'd Ardſchir, and Son to Hormoz, whom
many of the Great Men would have made
King, and ſeveral of the Perfian Hiftorians
reckon him as fuch; but Mirkond fays he
refus'd it, allaying that Heat, and Defire of
Change by his extraordinary Prudence. Af-
ter he had govern'd fome Years, during his
Nephew's Minority, the Adminiftration was
put into the young King's Hands, at a con-
venient time, which Scapur Zabel Ket af ma-
nag'd to the general Satisfaction of all Men,
being a virtuous and prudent Prince. Such
Monarchs never wanting Enemies, it hapned
that Schapur lying afleep in his Tent in the
Night, fome Perfons never known enter'd it,
and ftifled him; then going out, cut the Schapur
Cords that held it up, fo that it fell upon
him, and the Night being rainy and windy,
they gave out, it had been thrown down by
the Storm, and had kill'd him. Thus ended
Schapur Zabel Ketaf, whofe Death was much
lamented throughout all Perfia, by reaſon of
his Goodneſs.
I 2
CHAP
murder'd,
t16
The Hiftory of Perfia.
CHAP. XXVII.
Of Baharon Kermonxa, the Twenty Third
King of Perfia.
T was mention'd before, that Schapur Za-
IT
bel Ketaf had a younger Brother, call'd
Baharon, whom he had made Governor of
Kermon, whence he had the Sirname of Ker-
mon Scha, fignifying Baharon King of Kermon.
Kermon This Kermon is a large, and Principal Pro-
Province. vince of Perfia, between it and the Country
Rofe
Water.
of Karazon, famous in the Eaft for fome par-
ticular Commodities it affords, which I will
briefly mention. It has a City of the fame
Name, which communicates it to all the
Province. Speaking of Schiras, the Capital
of Pars, or Perfia, I took notice, it abounded
in Roſe Water; but befides others of lefs
Note, there are 4 Principal Places, where
it is made in great Quantities. The beft,
which is diftill'd, they make at Schiras, and
Yazd; the other not fo good, as being made
by Decoction, and Infufion, and therefore
foon decaying, at Kermon, and Duzgun. The
Rofe Water in Perfia is call'd by Two feveral
Names; Gulab, which is Rofe Water; and
Areka Gul, the Sweat of the Rofe, a Name
proper enough for that which is diftill'd. Of
that which is made by Decoction, a very
great Quantity is every Year exported to all
the Eaftern Parts. Carpets, by the Perfians
call'd Kalichey, are made in Three Parts of
Perfia, the richeft, fineft, and higheſt priz'd,
at Yazd, fome of which I have feen fo cu-
riously wrought, that they were valu'd at
above
The Hiftory of Perfia.
117
>
above a Thouſand Ducats a piece; fo that
when they ſpeak of a Yazd Carpet, which Carpets.
in Portugueſe they corruptly call Dodiaz, it is
to be underflood of the fineft, and beft. The
next in Goodneſs are of this Kingdom of
Kermon, and the Third thofe of Karazon.
There are fome alfo made at Agra, Bengale,
and Cambaya, but not fine. The Name of
Alcatifa, by which the Portugueses call a Car-
pet, had its Original before the Kings of
Ormuz went over to live in the Iſland of Ge-
run, where they fince refided, and refum'd
their former Title; the Mart or Fair was kept
in another Iſland, call'd Keys, as I obferv'd
in fpeaking of Ormuz. The Arabian Mer-
chants, who went thither to trade, both go-
ing and coming always pafs'd through Katifa,
a Port on the Continent of Arabia, in the
Government of Jafaph, oppofite to the Iſland
Barben, or Babaren, and thence convey'd
their Goods to feveral Parts. Now Carpets
being one of their Principal Commodities,
when any ask'd whence they brought them;
they anſwer'd, Al Catifa, that is, from Cati-
fa, and thence the Name was given. So the
Seed Pearl in Spanish, and Portugueſe call'd
Aliofar, took it from the greateſt Quantity
of it being taken on the Coaft of Fulfar, a
Port of Arabia, in the fame Gulph of Perfia,
that is, from Al Fulfar, fignifying, of Julfar,
whence corruptly Aljofar; tho' fince that
time better Fisheries have been difcover'd in
other Parts. Kermon alfo produces Tutty, Tutty.
which the Perfians call Tutyah, and is found
only in this Province, and only upon one
Mountain, 12 Farfangues, that is 36 Miles
diftant from the City, whence it is carry'd
to all Parts of the World, in great Quantities.
I 3
÷
118
The Hiftory of Perfia,
It is made by moulding the Earth of the
Mountain with fair Water, wherewith they
cover a Sort of Earthen Moulds, which they
afterwards bake, as Potters do their Ware,
and then taking it off the Moulds, the Tutty
remains. This they fend in Chefts to fell at
Ormuz, and thofe who buy, divide it into
Tutty, Stone, of which there is a great Quan-
tity, and Duft; each of which is fold by it
Error of felf, and all is made ufe of. Dr. Garcia Dorta
Dr. Gar- was miſinform'd, for in his Dialogues of the
cia Dorta. Simples of India, he fays, the Tutty is made
of the Afhes of a certain Tree, and Fruit,
call'd Gune. It is true there is a Sort of Fruit
in Perfia, call'd Gaon, of the Shape and Big-
nefs of large Cherry Stones, cover'd with a
thin green, and Orange colour Peel, or Film,
which the Natives ufe by way of Diverfion,
as we do in picking of Pine Apple Kernels,
and they fay, the Effect is quite contrary to
that of the Tutty, which is made in Kermon,
as has been ſaid. There is another thing no
lefs uſeful in the Province of Kermon, which
is to be found in no other Country, being
the Herb against the Worms, by the Perfians
call'd Dram nab Kermony, that is, the Medi-
cine brought from Kermon, or the Medicine
againft the Worms, for Eram nah is the pro-
per Name of that Simple, and Kermon is equi-
vocal, fignifying the Kingdom of that Name,
and the Worms. Hence corruptly comes the
Crimson Word Crimſon, of Kermez, becaufe made of
the Scarlet Worms, and fo among Phyficians
hence fo the Compofition call'd Alkermez; for Kermez
is the Singular Number, and Kermon the Plu-
ral. This puts me in mind of a Story, a fa-
mous Perfian Poet, call'd Cocia Yafez, that is,
Japhet, tells in his ingenious Works in Rhime.
and Alker-
mez
call'd.
He
The Hiftory of Perfia.
119
He feigns, that a Prince walking over a Field,
heard a Voice, that call'd him by his Name. Perfian
Turning that way, he faw a Skull, which he Fiction.
went up to, and ask'd, who it was that knew,
and nam'd him. The Skull anſwer'd, you
muft know, I was a Man, as you are, and
wore a Tage, that is, a Crown, or Royal
Diadem, on my Head; I conquer'd, and
fubdu'd many Countries, and only wanted
to reduce Kermon. I made ready for the En-
terprize, and when I thought to affault Ker-
mon, was my felf attack'd, and devour'd by
Kermon, (that is, by Worms, as has been ex-
plicated above) therefore do you take war-
ning by me, &c. This in the Perfian, taking
the double meaning of the Word Kermon, runs
very well. Kermon alfo produces the Surmah,
which is a certain black transparent Stone, Surmah,
looking as if it were ftrew'd with black Sand, a Stone for
There are Two Sorts of it; the one coning the Eyes.
from Kermon, and Karazon, being the bett,
and moſt valu'd; and another call'd Moky,
becauſe it comes from Mecca, or Moka, in the
red Sea. The Arabs, Perfians, and Indians
make much uſe of this Stone, to cure fore
Eyes, being of great Virtue compounded
with other Simples; as alſo by way of Orna-
ment, Men and Women blacking their Eyes
with it, which they think fets them off very
much. But a Perfian Lover was not of this
Opinion, who feeing his Miftreffes Eyes
fmear'd with this Surmah, tho' it is likely her
own were black, and beautiful, as most of
the Perfian Women have them, among other
amorous Expreffions, faid to her, Chefm, Siah
dary Surmah che tacony; which is as much as
to ſay, why do you ufe Surmah, when there
is no need of it, fince your Eyes are black,
and
I 4
₤20
The Hiftory of Perfia.
and beautiful. It is likely this Jezebel made
uſe of this Stone to black her Eyes, when the
look'd out of the Window, to pleaſe Jehu,
who order'd her to be kill'd. This may fuf-
fice, as to the Province of Kermon, where Ba-
haron was Governor.
He was ſpeedily advis'd of his Brother's
unfortunate Death, and his own Acceffion
to the Throne, which he took Poffeffion of,
without any Oppofition. Baharon was of a
graceful Prefence, a found Judgment, and
prudent Conduct, fo that he govern'd his
Dominions 11 Years with general Applaufe;
at the End whereof there hapned a Diviſion
in the Court, follow'd by fuch a Mutiny,
that he was fain to go in Perfon to appeaſe
it, but when he had almoft done it, a Kinf-
man of his, who waited ſuch an Opportunity,
to deftroy him, lét fly an Arrow, from amidſt
Baharon the Crowd, and aim'd fo well, that it pierc'd
murder'd. his Bowels, and he dropt down dead, to the
great Regret of all his People, who liv'd
contentedly under him.
:
CHAP. XXVIII.
Of Yazd Gerd, the Twenty Fourth King
of Perfia.
A
S foon as Babaron was dead, the Perfians
proclaim'd his Son Yazd Gerd King.
He, before his Acceffion to the Throne was
ſo much honour'd, and reſpected by all Men,
that every one endeavour'd to ferve, and
pleaſe him, and he was thought to deferve
r. But as foon as crown'd, his Behaviour
alter'd
The Hiftory of Perfia.
121
Yazd
alter'd with his Fortune; for he became
haughty, cruel, and covetous, and was al- Yazd
ways moft obftinate, and implacable, when Gerd 4
fu'd to for Mercy in humbleft manner. He wicked
King.
was wont to ſay, there were Three Things
from which no Mercy could be hop'd, or
expected; and theſe were Fire, the Sea, and
an angry King. Being marry'd, he liv'd
difcontented, beufe tho' his Wife had bore
feveral Children, none of them liv'd. In the
Heighth of this Diffatisfaction, his Queen
prov'd with Child, and at her time was de-
liver'd of a Son they call'd Babaron, who li- Baharon
ving longer than any of the others, all which Son to
had dy'd within the Month, put his Parents Gerd.
in hopes that he would thrive. His Father
Yazd Gerd, who wifh'd for his Life, by the
Advice of the Phyſicians, caus'd him to be
nurs'd from the Court, in a Part of Arabia,
putting of him into the Hands of a King that
was his Subject, call'd Neaman Ben Amarah
ulkeys, a Man of much Integrity; who car-
ry'd the Infant home with him, into his own
Country, which enjoy'd a ferene, and tem-
perate Air, caufing him to be bred as became
fuch a Perfon. When he was come to Years
of Diſcretion, Neaman his Tutor dy'd, leaving
a Son call'd Manzar in his Place, a Man of
as much Worth, and Fidelity as the Father.
In the mean while, Yazd Gerd govern'd his
Kingdom with general Diflike, and Hatred
of all the People, by Reaſon of his Wicked-
nefs, and Tyranny, which he continu'd to
the End of his Days, and that was fuitable
to his Life. As he ftood one Day looking
upon a Horfe, he highly valu'd that Crea- Yazd
ture, without any Provocation gave him fuch Gerd
a kick, that he dropp'd down dead, and ne'er
t:
ſpoke
kill'd by
his Horses
122
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Kezere
!
ſpoke one Word. The News of his Death
fpread abroad throughout the Kingdom, was
very little lamented, and he reign'd 22 years,
and 5 Months. The Great Men confulted
about the Succeffion, and fell into hot De-
bates, fome infifting that the antient Courſe
of Succeffion fhould not be interrupted, whilft
others fearing left Baharon fhould prove as
bad as his Father, alledg'd that the Crown
ought to be beftow'd on one that might de-
ſerve it by his Virtue. This Party being
Khozrao numerous and ftrong, prevail'd, and en-
chofen.
thron'd Kezere Khozrao, a near Kinſman of
the late King, who tho' he had fome good
Qualities, was moſt recommended by Bri-
bery, and large Promiſes. Babaron, who
was in Arabia, receiv'd the News of his Fa-
ther's Death, and of theſe Commotions, and
Innovations at the fame time, and advifing
with Manzar the Son of Neaman, ask'd his
Affiftance for recovering of the Kingdom,
which belong'd to him of Right, and had
been ufurp'd by Kezere Khozrao. Manzar ef-
pous'd his Quarrel, furniſh'd him with 10000
Horfe to fet forward, and follow'd himſelf
with 30000 more, making up 40000. His
Approach perplex'd the Perfians, and many
of the prime Men joyn'd him; but Kezere
Khazrao met him with a numerous Army.
Some were much concern'd at the publick
Danger, and propos'd an Accommodation, be-
He fub- fore they came to Blows, which they ma-
mits and nag'd fo dexterously, that Baharon was re-
ceiv'd as King, and Kezere Khozrao, whom
feveral Perfian Hiftorians reckon among their
Kings, was the 1ft that acknowledg'd him.
Baharon
is receiv'd.
CHAP.
The Hiftory of Perfia,
123
CHAP. XXIX.
Of Baharon Gur, the Twenty Fifth
King of Perfia.
BA
Abaron being poffefs'd of the Throne, the
firft Thing he did, was at the Requeſt
of Manzar, to grant a general Pardon to all
thofe, who had been againft him, during
the late Troubles; beftowing many Favours
on others. He reftor'd the Adminiftration Baharon's
of Justice, and adorn'd his Dominions with good Go-
many magnificent publick Structures, buil-vernment.
ding ſome new, and repairing ſuch as were
decay'd with Age. Manzar, who had bred
him up, and been the occafion of recovering
his Crown, was fent home with much Ho-
nour, and confiderable Rewards; leaving
one of his Sons at Court, where he was pre-
ferr'd. Babaron was much belov'd both by
his own Subjects and Strangers, for his Ge-
neroſity and Affability; and put brave and
difcreet Men into all his Fortreffes and Fron-
tiers, to govern, and defend them. His Do- Happy
minions enjoy'd Peace, and Tranquility, fo Times.
that his Reign was reckned moft fortunate;
for the Perfians wholly addicted themſelves to
Pleaſure, without any Application to the
Exerciſe of Arms, which they almoſt look'd
upon as uſeleſs, having liv'd fo long in Peace.
In the Height of this Profperity, Advice was
brought from Karazon, that Hha Khon Chiny,
King of Tartar, or Tartary, obferving the
Negligence of the Perfians, was broke into Tartars
their Territories, with an Army of 250000 invade
Men, doing much Harm. The Perfians were
at a Lofs, the great ones met, attended Ba-
baron,
Perfia.
124
The History of Perfia.
much as'd
haron, repreſented to him the imminent Dan-
ger, defiring he would apply fome ſpeedy
Remedy. He return'd a cold Anſwer, making
little Account of what they faid; but order'd
all Things to be made ready to go a hun-
ting. There were 7 Kings his Subjects, who
continually refided at Court, whom he ac-
quainted with his Defign of going abroad,
to divert himſelf. They attended him, with
a ſmall Retinue, and, he picking out 300
chofen Men of his Guard, went into the
Country with a great Number of Hawks,
Faulcons, Gerfaulcons, Hounds, and other
Things for Sport, which made all Men con-
clude him an infignificant Mad Man.
Hunting The Perfian Kings, and great Men ever
in Perfia. were, and ftill are much addicted to hunting,
which coſts them a great Part of their E-
ftates, and they reckon it an Employment
becoming their Grandeur. Hence Babaron
had the Sirname of Gur given him. Gur is a
Perfian equivocal Word, of a double meaning,
as fignifying, the Beaft we call a wild Afs,
which this King fingularly affected to hunt,
and it is alfo the Grave or Cave, in which
a dead Body is bury'd. For this Reaſon,
when Babaron dy'd, among other ingenious
Elegies, feveral Poets made on him, there
was one, which took notice, that Babaron
who always was in purfuit of, and taking
Gur, that is, the wild Affes, was himſelf then
Hunting, taken by Gur, that is the Grave, which make a
and hawk- pleaſant Quibble in the Perfan Tongue. This
ing in
Perfia.
Sport is practic'd in Perfia, and other Eaſtern
Parts, with Birds, and four footed Beaſts; the
Hawks are flown at Birds, as is us'd among
us; as alſo at other Creatures, as Deer, Ga-
xelles, Hares, and others, for fome Falcons,
and
The Hiftory of Perfia.
125
and other fuch Birds of Prey, being bred to it,
and let fly at thofe Creatures, faften on their
Heads, whence they peck at their Eyes, and
other parts, which ftops their Flight, till the
Huntſmen come in, and take them. They
have ſeveral ways of Hunting with Beafts.
They make uſe of Ounces, or Leopards
tam'd for the purpofe, which they carry on
Carts in the Armies; and private Perfons on
Horſeback behind them, on Iron Plates, that
they may not hurt the Horfe with their Claws.
They have alſo great numbers of Hounds,
and Grey-hounds very good, and extraordi-
nary ſwift. The Game is the fame we have
here, and fome over and above, as the Gazel, Gazelles
being a fort of Deer, but flenderer in the Bo-
dy, the Horns fharp, ftraight, and twifted,
the Eyes large, and extraordinary ſparkling,
infomuch that the Perfians to extol a Ladies
Eyes, fay they are like the Gazel's, fo they
call this Creature, whofe Flefh is very whole-
fome, and well tafted. There is a fort of
wild Sheep, by the Perfians call'd Pagen, theſe, Pagen,
as well as the Gazelles, are always in craggy wild Sheep
Places, and differ little from our common
Sheep, faving that they are thicker Body'd,
and larger, and wonderful ftrong; for I faw
one ty'd to a Brafs Demy Falconet, and he
drew it after him, without any Difficulty.
Their Horns are like thofe of our Sheep, but
each of them as big as half a Hoop of a Pipe,
thick, and ſtanding back fo far that they co-
ver their hind Quarters, Nature having pro-
vidently made them fo, to the end that when,
being hard drove by the Huntfmen, and
Dogs, they throw themfelves off the Clifts,
and Rocks, always chufing the most dange-
rous Place, they may do it, without recei-
ving
126
The Hiftory of Perfia.
ving any Hurt; thus they caft themſelves
headlong on their Horns, and tumbling ſafe-
ly upon them, can avoid thoſe that purfue
them. There is another pleaſant way of
Hunting Deer with Deer, us'd in India,
which is done by having fome tame, and
bred to hand, which when they would make
Sport, they carry abroad into the Field, with
a Cord on their Horns, and a Nooſe in it.
Being thus turn'd loofe, they go away to find
others of their Kind, which are very nume-
rous, and coming up to them, touch their
Horns, as it were in kindneſs, and being well
taught, put their Horns into the Noofe, fo
that they are taken. This is very frequent,
in the Countries of Damam and Bazaim, and
the others they call Northern in India. There
Wild Cows. are alfo wild Cows, differing much from the
common fort in Whiteness, and Strength, of
whofe Tails they make Combalas, much va-
lu'd among both Northern, and Southern In-
dians, to drive the Flies away. Elephants are
likewiſe Hunted, but feveral ways, for in the
Land of the Cafres, or Blacks, being that
Part of Africk, which is wafh'd by the Indian
Ocean, about Mozambique, Mombaza, Melin-
de, and the other Nations, and Kingdoms
where we Trade, the Natives making no
Hunting of other Advantage of the Elephants, but their
Elephants. Teeth, drive them into Pits cover'd over,
where they kill them. In the Kingdoms of
Arracam,and Syam,they erect a fort of Redout,
in the thickeft part of the Woods, with a
round Spot enclos'd by Two, or Three Hed-
ges, one without another, all of Mafts, and
mighty Timbers, and having gather'd a great
multitude of People, they beat the Wood,
making a hideous Noife of Shouts, and In-
Áruments,
The Hiftory of Perfia.
i27
ftruments, and the Elephants frighted at it,
run into that Place at Two little Doors,
which have Draw-bridges to them; when a
Number is got in, they fhut the Doors, and
there by Beating, Hunger, Threats, and
good Words, tame them by degrees, ſo that
they come out very gentle, and fit for Service.
In the Iſland of Ceylon, they take them by
Love, and it is no Wonder that Men fhould
be ſo enſnar'd, fince it happens to the Beafts;
for they ſend a tame Female, which they
generally call Alcab, into the Woods, with a
Cornaca, being an Indian that knows how to
talk to, and govern an Elephant, conveni-
ently ty'd under the Females Belly, who be-
ing come among the other Elephants, tells
her what ſhe is to do, and how fhe is to pro-
voke them, and when he finds they are in
Luft, he bids her return home, and they fol-
low her very gently, till they are in a Place
where they are afterwards tam'd. The Ele-
phants lie down to fleep on the Ground, like
all other Creatures, and have no difficulty in
rifing. Being fo large, they travel very faft,
without going out of their Pace. There are
great Numbers of them throughout all the
Eaft, and it is obferv'd, that thoſe of other
Countries pay a Refpect to thofe of Ceylon.
The ftory of their honouring the Moon, is
a meer Fable, as is that of their Waſhing
themſelves when fhe is new, and their way
of Copulation, for the Male, and Female
ge-
nerate like other Beafts, all whom they far
excel in Senſe, and Inftinct. Only the Male
Elephants have thofe great Teeth, we call
Ivory, and the Spaniards Marfil, from the
Arabick, and Perfian Alfil, a Tooth. The fe-
male Elephants have not thofe great Teeth ;
but
128
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Rhinoce-
their Horns
but in the Year 1590, when Jobn Correa Brito
was Governor of the Fortreſs of Columbo, in
Ceylon, a female Elephant bred Two of thoſe
Teeth, at Seitavaca, the Court of Raju, the
laft Heathen King of that Ifland, which he
looked upon as a great Bleffing, and the like
was never known in all the Eaft. The Kings
in thoſe Parts make much Account of theſe
Creatures for their Service in Peace, and
War; and there are fome that keep great
numbers of them, as Gelaladin, the Great Mo-
gol, who had 2000; Bramah, King of Pegu,
when in his Profperity, the like number, or
more, and fome of them fo highly valu'd,
that they wash'd their Feet in Silver Bafons.
A white Elephant the King of Siam had,
among
the ref was the Occafion of his Ruin,
as is affirm'd, having caus'd bloody Wars,
thus much concerning the Elephants.
It is a meer Fable, fome tell that the Rhi-
rots, and noceros, whom the Portuguefes call Bada, over-
comes the Elephant, for I have feveral times
feen Rhinocerots run away at the very fight
of an Elephant. Theſe Creatures are fome-
times Hunted, and taken in the Eaſt, their
Horn being of fingular Virtue againſt Poiſon,
and fome Diftempers; efpecially the Horn of
thoſe they take in Bengale, Orracam, and Siam,
for thoſe of Africk, tho' larger, are not coun-
ted fo good. There are great numbers of
Tigers,how Tigers, throughout all the Eaft, many of
which are taken ſeveral ways, whereof I will
relate one, becaufe it is very remarkable. On
the Coaft of Manar, near the Ifland of Ceylon,
they are taken by Men fighting with them
Hand to Hand, after this manner. A Man
Arms his left Arm, as far as the Elbow, with
a Gauntlet of Plates, full of Points, very Sub-
Atantial,
takaan.
The Hiftory of Perfia.
129
ftantial, having another on his right Arm,
and a ſharp Poniard in his Hand; then hold-
ing out the left Arm for the Beaſt to ſeize,
when he ſprings, he ftabs him ſo faſt in the
Belly, that the Tiger drops down dead; and
fome Men are fo dexterous at it, that they
are in little danger; yet it has, and does ftill
coft many others their Lives, becauſe theſe,
and all others throughout the Eaft, are extra-
ordinary large and fierce. The Mountain
Nayres, who are the Heathen Gentiles of
Malabar in India, value themfelves very much
upon killing of Tigers, with whofe Skins they
cover their Bucklers, by way of Trophy.
There are infinite Numbers of them in Ben-
gale, which is Part of India beyond the Ganges,
where the Natives call them Baga, and they
are fo daring, as to fwim that rapid River
Ganges, half way over in the Night, and
fnatching Men out of Boats, return back with
them to Land. Bengale abounds in Cattle,
and Game above any Country in the World,
there being greater Herds of Deer, Cows,
Buffaloes, Swine, and fuch like Creatures,
than there are Flocks of Sheep among
us; and yet the Tigers venture fo hard to
catch a Man, as has been faid. I endeavour'd
to diſcover the Reafon of it, and could find
none but this. The Tiger, tho' wonderful
fierce, is no ſwift Creature, but heavy and
flow, in compariſon of other Animals, and
this is a certain Truth, known to me by
long ocular Experience; notwithſtanding
fome cry them up as prodigioufly fwift, and
fleet. Thus any Beaſt that is aware, can ea-
fily make its Eſcape, and confequently, they
are for the moft Part hungry, and feek out
for Men, who are not fo nimble, or cautious.
K
Some
130
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Fißeries.
Some fancy it is becaufe Man's Fleſh and
Blood is fweeter to them; but that is a vulgar
Notion, and this I deliver as the true Cauſe.
There are alfo Tigers at Malaca, and in the
neighbouring Parts, but theſe are not fo dread-
ful as the others, yet us'd to come up to the
Houſes, and carry away the People out of
them, fo that being numerous and frequent,
the Inhabitants liv'd very uneafy, till a Holy
Biſhop commanded them not to come within
Two Leagues about the City, and from that
Day they never were within the Bounds af-
fign'd them. This I was affur'd of in that
City by antient creditable Perfons.
Fishing being a Sort of Sport or Game,
it will not be amifs to fpeak of fome ways,
it is us'd in the Eaft, which are worth obfer-
ving. There is no Fishery in Perfia, but
what is inconfiderable, along the Gulph of
Perfia, and fome up the Inland on the Caspian
Sea. On the River Send, or Indus, where the
extreme Poverty of the Fishermen does not
permit them to keep Boats, they ufe an odd
Method, fwimming, with their Belly and
Breaft, on the Mouth of a great Earthen Pot,
and thus ftriking out with their Feet, they
Comical fwim and fish, putting what they catch into
way of the Pot, till the Current drives them afhore.
fishing.!
Water
There they take the Pot upon their Back,
and return to their firft Poft, whence they
launch out again into the Water, and fo re-
peat it as often as they think fit. In this
fame River the Indians ufe to take great Num-
Fowl how bers of Water Fowl, by means of a Pot full
of Holes they put their Heads into ; which
the Hiftorian Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo, in
his Hiftory of America, tells us was us'd by
the Natives of Santo Domingo, and reckons it
taken.
wonder-
The Hiftory of Perfia.
130
wonderful. In the Streight of Sincapura, and
Romanya, which is between Malaca, and For,
to the Southward, the Seletes being a People
born, bred, and living on the Sea, in very
little Boats, fometimes maintaining themfelves Seletes
by fiſhing, and fometimes by robbing, fell the bred upon
Fiſh, as it is ſwimming in the Water, and the Sea,
how they
having agreed upon the Price, they ftrike, f
and deliver it to the Buyer, being ſo dexte-
rous, that they never miss it. The fame is
faid to be done at Canton in China. When
theſe Seletes marry off a Daughter, they give
her in Portion, one of their little Boats, with Marriages
two Oars, and the Bride, and Bridegroom,
being put into it, are committed to the Tide,
which they fuffer to carry them afhore, and
that Part they ftick upon is their Habitation,
when on Land; provided it be not already
poffefs'd by others; for if it is, they put out
again, till they come to a Place that is clear,
In Japan, besides the common Sorts of Fiſh-
eries, which are many, and plentiful, efpe-
cially for Tunny Fish, and Pilchards, there Fibing
is one very curious, perform'd by Sea Crows, in Japan
which being turn'd into the Sea, with their
Throats ty'd up, that they may not fwallow
the Fiſh, are fo well taught, that they bring
what they take into the Boat. I believe what
I am going to fay, will be look'd upon as
inconfiderable; but I will relate it to ſhow
the Providence of Nature. In the Bay of
Maſcate, a Town of Arabia, and Portugueſe
Fortress, within the Perfian Gulph, in 23 De-
grees and a half of North Latitude, that is,
juft under the Tropick of Cancer, there is vaft
Plenty of Fish, much whereof is carry'd in
Pickle to all Parts of India, and there being
fuch Abundance, it is ſo eaſy to take, that
Ka
very
132
The Hiftory of Perfia.
very often, when the Cats are hungry, they
Cats ta- come down to the Shore, and ſtanding cloſe
king Fish. to the Water, put their Tail into it, on
which ſome ſmail Fifh faften, and as foon as
the Cat feels them, he jerks his Tail out upon
the Land, and feeds on them. This feems
very ftrange, but will not be fo furprizing,
if we confider, the extraordinary ways many
Creatures have to fupply their Wants. This
will ftill appear the more credible, by what
hapned to me in that very Bay, in the year
1587, when coming thither with Ships of
War, Iaccidentally took notice, that the Gal-
ley Slaves were fishing between the Oars,
and ſeeing them put their Hands into the
Water, and take out Fishes, without any o-
Fish taken ther Inftrument, I was amaz'd, enquir'd into
by Hand.
the Reafon of it, and found, that having a
Bit of Fiſh ty'd to their Thumbs, on the in-
fide, when the Fiſhes come to bite, they laid
hold of them with their Hands, and took
them up; and for the more Certainty, I did
the fame, and catch'd feveral.
Woman
There are alfo in the.Eaft, Sea Horfes, Sea
Fish bru- Cows, Sea Swine, and one they call the Wo-
tally us'a
by Moors, man Fish, from the great refemblance of it's
Veffel of Generation with a Womans, and
this laſt chiefly on the Coaft of Melinde, where
the native Moors have often made ufe of it,
in beaftly manner, and would then carry it
to fell in the Market; which their Cazices
looking upon as abominable, they oblige the
Fiſhermen not to fell any Woman Fiſh till it
has been firft brought before them, where
they are to Swear folemnly, on the Mufaph,
which is the Book of their Law, that they
have not had Copulation with it. If rather
than be forfworn they confefs they have, all
the
The Hiftory of Perfia,
133
the Penalty is, that they must not ſell it; but
if they Swear, they are then at Liberty to dif-
pofe of it. This is a well known Truth, and
I was fully fatisfy'd of it, whilft I continu'd
on that Coaft. Of it's Bones they generally It's Bones
make Beads, Rings, and other fuch things, top the
being faid to be of fingular Virtue for ftop-Fluxe
bloody
ping any bloody Flux; but of this, and
many other things, cry'd up by the multitude
in the East Indies as Miraculous, I curiouſly
made tryal for many Years, without finding
any effect, tho' at the fame time I own there
are in the Eaft many Simples of wonderful
Virtue, and ſtrange Qualities. There are in
feveral Parts, great numbers of dreadful Cro- Crocodiles
codils, or Alligators; as in Africk, in the Ri-
vers of Cuama, and many others; in the
Ganges, at Bengale; in the Kingdoms of Pegu
and Tanafarim; and more of a larger fize at
Malaca, in which River they devour Men
moft days; for the Natives making much uſe
of that River, and continually going into it,
either to wash them, or for fome other end,
the Crocodils come up foftly, and taking
hold of their Legs drag them away, paſt hope
of Relief, for they fink under Water, and are
never feen again. Some of them are taken
now and then, but confidering their vaft
Numbers, that fignifies nothing. When Don
John de Gama, Brother to the Count de Vi-
digueyra, was Governor of Malaca, there was
a Native of the Country in it, who going
fome times to the Bank of the River of St. Fe-
rome, which waſhes the City Walls, utter'd
fome Words, which drew the Crocodiles thi-
ther, then he pronounc'd fome others, and
taking one or two of them, threw a Rope
about their Necks, and fo led them about the
K 3
City,
134
The Hiftory of Perfia.
City, being come to the Governors Houſe,
Story of he commanded them to make their Obey-
charming fance, which they did; then he conducted
them.
And
Snakes.
them back to the Shore, where he difmifs'd
them, and they went away very gently." This
he did feveral times, till at laft,one Day having
perhaps been deficient in his Charm, when
he was near the River, one of the Crocodils
being difmifs'd, ftruck him with his Tail on
the Head, whereof he dropt down dead. That
there is a Poffibility of fuch charming is
taught us by the Royal Prophet, Pfal. 58.
befides that we fee it daily practis'd in India,
where the Gentiles commonly carry very
large and hideous Snakes charm'd, about the
Streets, and into the Houſes, making them
dance to a Pipe, and wind them about their
Necks, with many other fuch Motions, hand-
ling them without receiving any Hurt; and
tho' fome attribute this to their having no
Teeth, which they fay, are taken out when
they are little, yet Experience fhows the con-
trary, for it has been fometimes known, that
when they were provok'd, or not ſo fully cir-
cumfcrib'd by the Charm, as they ought to
be, they have done much Mifchief among
the Standers by. Having ſpoken of the Cro-
codils, there occurs to me an Accident of
one, worthy to be known, which being moft
certainly true, I will infert, for the Satisfa-
ction of the Reader. When Francis Silva de
Menefes was Governor of Malaca, he fent Don
Francis Tello de Menezes, Governor of the Phi-
lippine Islands, Prefents, and among other
Things was a fmall young Elephant, with
his Cornaca, being the Indian that manag'd
him. This Elephant feeding about in the
Ifland of Manila was thirfty, and went
away
The Hiftory of Perfia.
135
away to the River of Paranaque, which was
hard by, to drink. Going into the Water, 4 Fight
a Crocodile came, and laid hold on one ofbetween a
his Fore Feet, fo faft, that for all the Ele- and an E-
Crocodile,
phant ftruggl'd, he could not break looſe ; lephant.
till being inrag'd, he thruft his Trunk under
Water, and with it drew the Crocodile a
fhore, where he found enough to do with
him; but at laft, fetting one Foot upon his
Belly, and pulling his Legs, one after an-
other, with his Trunk, he quarter'd him. I
was my felf in June 1600, at the very Place,
on the River Paranaque, where this had hap-
ned, but a few Days before. I was told of
another Fight between a Tiger and a Croco-
dile, in the Rivers of Cuama, as a certain
Truth; but that they both perish'd.
to eat,
I will not fay fo much of Birds and Fowl, Indian
for fear of tiring the Reader. In the King- Birds Nefts
dom of Champa, lying between Cambaya and
Cochinchina, on the Southern Indian Sea, all
along its Coaft, there is a Sort of Birds, not
unlike Swallows, which at a certain time of
the Year are in Luft, and whilft that laſts
have a Slaver, or glutinous Moisture flowing
from their Beaks, wherewith provident Na-
ture directing them, they build wonderful
artificial Nefts about the Clifts, and Rocks;
laying one Slaver upon another, till when
dry'd, it becomes a perfect Neft, in the Shape
of a large Spoon, only the Edges higher
rais'd. The Luft ending, and the Neſt being
finiſh'd, almoft at the fame time, they lay
their Eggs, and hatch their young in them.
There are fuch Numbers of theſe Nefts, built
after this manner, that they every Year ga-
ther many Picos, or Quintals, that is, Hundred
Weight of them, which are carry'd as a good
Commodity
K 4
136
The Hiftory of Perfia.
J
Commodity to China, and there fold for
50 Tabeis, or more a Quintal, or Hundred
Weight, and that is near an Hundred Ducats
;
and they eat them, faying. they are very
good for the Stomach, and Brain; and fome
Portuguefes, who have tafted of them, highly
commend them. In the Year 1597, going
from Goa to Malaca, we had extraordinary.
Calms at Sea, and I being defirous to fee a
fmall Ifland, lying oppofite to us, call'd Pulo
Farra, that is, Farra Inland, went afhore, and
among other Things I faw, and took notice.
of in it, were thefe Birds, and their Nefts,
of which I carry'd a good Quantity aboard,
and to Malaça, where I gave them to the
Chineses, who valu'd them very much. Nor
do I think that lefs ftrange of the Gallinuelas,
or little Hens, at the Moluccos, whofe Eggs
being put into a Eox, or other clofe Place,
in a few Days hatch of themfelves, without
#hemſelves. any Help, and if Care is not taken, when
they open the Place, they fly away. I could
fpeak of a Thoufand Things, no, lefs remar-
kable, were it not that I muft return to Baba-
ron Gur, from whom we have long ftray'd.
Eggs
hatch
He, attended as was faid above, ftruck into
the Woods, fporting as he went, and taking the
contrary to that way which went to Karafen,
where the Enemy was. He had left one
Narfy, a Kinfman of his, whom fome Perfian
Hiftorians reckon among the Kings, to go-
vern in his Abfence; by whofe Confent and
Approbation, the Prime Men of the King-
dom, believing that Babaron was fled, fent
Embaffadors to Hha Khon Chiny, to propoſe
an Accommodation, that fo they might at
any Rate be deliver'd from the Miſchiefs
they dreaded. Hha Khon did not reject the
Offer
The History of Perfia.
137
Offer, but gave Ear to it, and being affur'd
how Affairs flood, and that Babaron was fled,
concluded himſelf fafe, fo that the firft Heat
abating, he and his Forces became the lefs
watchful. Babaron being gone far from the Baharop
City, travell'd haftily through Aderbaion and under co-
Armenia, where picking only 2000 Horfe out
lour of
of the Garrifons, that were known to be Men furprises,
hunting,
of Refolution, he fet forward with thofe, and and routs
fuch as attended him before, and mov'd with the Enemy.
incredible Celerity, through by ways, and
as privately as poffible towards the Enemy.
Being come pretty near, he fent Three Spies,
as many feveral ways, to take a particular
Account of the Enemies Pofture, and Num-
bers, and return with it as they did, infor-
ming him, that the Enemy lay in fupine
Negligence, and Security, wholly indulging
themſelves in Vice, Wine, and Sleep. Baba-
ron, withont lofing any time, divided his
fmall Company, which might amount to a-
bout 4000 Men, but thofe good ones, into
Four Parties, and waiting for a very dark
Night, attack'd the Enemies Camp in Four
feveral Places, with Kettle Drums beating,
and Trumpets founding, and this fo furiouſly,
that they being wholly furpriz'd, never offer'd
to make Head; but betook themſelves to
flight, and were entirely defeated. Babaron
made directly to Hha Khon's Tent, where he
was arming himſelf in haft, and cut off his
Head before he could be ready. Then pur-
fuing thoſe that fled, chas'd them as far as
the River Febun, with a mighty Slaughter.
Some Perfian Hiftorians vary a little in the
Relation of this Victory; but this we have
deliver'd, is accounted the Truth. Babaron
having thus put an End to the War with Hha
Kbon
138
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Perfia,
Khon Chiny, King of the Tartars, and fetled
Returns to Affairs in thofe Parts, return'd into Perfia,
loaded with Honour and Treafure, to the
great Admiration of his People, who receiv'd
him with univerfal Applaufe.
Goes into
India.
He was very defirous to fee fome Part of
India, towards which he took his Way, with
a fmall Number of Followers, leaving the
Government again to Narfy, who is now
alfo reckn'd King of Perfia, and another
time after. Babaron in India pretended to be
Wazir, or Vizier to the King of Perfia, and to
have left him in Difcontent, fo that he was
receiv'd into the Service of the greateſt King
there, perform'd many confiderable Actions
in his Service, and obtain'd fignal Vi-
&tories over his Enemies, for which the King
did not only raiſe him in Dignity, but gave
him his only Daughter to Wife. Baharon
being marry'd, thought there was no longer
occafion to conceal himſelf, and thereupon
diſcover'd who he was to his Father in Law,
who was not well pleas'd, apprehending
fome Innovation; for Babaron being gene-
rally belov'd for his excellent Qualities, be-
fore he was known, he fear'd that Affection
might then increaſe, to his own Prejudice.
But Babaron had other Thoughts, and to dif
pel his Jealouſy, return'd into his own King-
dom, offering him fome Lands belonging to
the Crown of Perfia, that border'd on his.
After fome Days Reft, he fent one of his Ge-
nerals with a potent Army, to make an In-
Returns, curfion into the Lands of Rumeftan, which is
and in the Roman Empire, where many Places fub-
mitted to him, without any Oppofition. Ba-
baron himſelf with another Army, march'd
into Arabia, and befides other Provinces, fub-
vades
Rumeftan
du'd
The Hiftory of Perfia.
L39
Arabia.
du'd the Kingdom of Hamon, being the Cour-
try of the Amanites, which ftill retains the His Con-
fame Name. It is to be obferv'd that there guests in
is Difference betwixt Hyeman, and Hamon,
tho' they are both Kingdoms in Arabia, neigh-
bouring on that of Saba, in the fame Region,
the Dominion of that Queen, that went to
Jerufalem, only to fee Solomon; for this is an
adjacent Country, and the way from it fhort,
and frequented; whereas that of Abyffinia,
whence fome would bring that Queen, is
very remote from Arabia.
no Metals.
1
Since I have mention'd Arabia, I think fit Arabia
to declare, that it produces no Gold nor Silver, produces
nor any valuable Metal; neither has it Spice
or Aromatical Drugs except Frankin-
cenfe, which the Perfians call Kondoruch,
and the Arabs, Loban. From this Word came
our Name for the Gum Benjamin, by them Benjamin.
call'd Loban Faoy, that is, Frankincenfe of
Faoa, and we corruptly Benjamin. It is found
in feveral Parts of Pegu, there is much and
very good in the Kingdom of Olanion, and
fo in Siam, and Cambaya, whither the Java-
nefes bring great Quantities, and likewife in
Sunda, and in Sumatra it is very white, and
valuable; and it might be gather'd in the
Woods of Malaca, if look'd after, for there
is enough of it. But the Frankincenfe is
found only in Arabia, and Dofar is the Place
that produces the beft. Much Amber is alfo Amber.
carry'd down the Red Sea to India, and all
the Eaſtern Parts. Phyſicians call this Ka-
rabe, a Name taken from the Arabick, which
is Karoback, compos'd of Kaf, a Straw, and
Robah, to draw, a very proper Compound,
on Account of that Quality in the Amber.
On the Coaſt of Melinde is found a Sort of
Gum
}
140
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Gum very like to it, call'd Sandaroz. Arabia
Myrrh. produces fome Myrrh; tho' the greateft
Quantity is brought from the other Side of
the Red Sea, in Ethiopia, in Africk; and
there is fome of it on the Coaft of Melinde,
where the common Name of it is Bolo, and
among the Guzuratts of Cambaya, Regata Bolo.
The Arabs call it Morro, which is no proper
Name, but taken from its Quality, and fig-
nifying bitter, becauſe it is fo in fuch a De-
gree, and thence the Latins adapted it to
their Language. The Perfians call it a Mor-
robad, that is, Myrrh againſt the Wind. Tho
a great Part of Arabia be barren, all the reft
is fertil and plentiful, and every where a-
bounds in that famous Medicine, our Phyfi-
cians call Schenu Anthos, and vulgarly Squi-
nend, or Camels Meat, becauſe the Camels
feed on it, and the Spaniards give it the Name
of Paja Mecca Straw, as growing about Mecca
Arabia in Arabia. This Region is well known to be
its Shape, almoft fquare, the Sea washing Three Sides
daries. of it; on the Weft the Red Sea, dividing it
and Boun-
from Africk; on the South, the Indian Oce-
an; and on the Eaft the Gulph of Perfia, or
of Ormuz, parting it from Perfia; and the
fourth Side which is on the North, is fhut
in with Rivers, making it almoſt an Iſland.
It feidom rains in Arabia, towards the Sea
Coaft, which is all extraordinary craggy,
but not without Ports, as fome have writ.
Up the Inland, it rains in the proper Sea-
fons. On that fide next to Perfia, in Summer
Strange there reigns a Wind of a very ftrange Qua-
Wind.
lity, by the Natives call'd Surim, and is
very near the South Weft, being fo hot and
dry, that it fcorches up all it comes at, fhri-
vels the Skin, parches the Face and Hands,
in
The Hiftory of Perfia.
141
in fuch Sort, that a Scurf like Bran comes off
them, and in ſhort where-ever it touches the
Body, feels like a Flame of Fire; and yet
when it blows hardeft, the Water is cooler
than at any other time; and if a Man keeps
in a cloſe Houſe, warm clad, tho' it be in
Summer, and the Sun then intollerable hot,
yet he feels it not, but is rather cool; and
notwithſtanding theſe unaccountable Effects
of this Wind, it fo foftens the Strings of
Lutes, or the like, that they can never be
tun'd, whilft it lafts. The Arabs next the
Sea are a very poor miferable People, moſt
of them living on dry Fish, Dates, and
Lime Juice, and therefore very many of
them are troubled with the Leprofy. Arabia
produces all Sorts of Fruit in Perfection, and
an incredible Quantity of Dates; but above all
great Numbers of noble Horfes, whereof Arabian
whole Ship Loads are carry'd over inro In-Horses,
dia, from Ormuz, and Mafcate. The beft ei-
ther of Arabia, or Perfia, are thoſe of Lafah,
a noted Province near the Iſland Barhen, or
Babarem, and one of thoſe the Turk is poffefs'd
of in that Region, of which this may fuffice,
to return to Babaron.
He, after performing many memorable
Exploits, in his Conqueft, one Night, pur-
fuing the Enemy he had vanquiſh'd, ran un- Baharon's
expectedly into a Bog, where he was loft, Death.
and never ſeen again. His People were ig
norant of it, by reafon of the Night; but
being told of it in the Morning, fearch'd
about carefully, without finding him. This
was the End of Babaron when he had reign'd
23 Years, leaving a Son call'd Yazd Gerd.
CHAP,
142
The Hiftory of Perlia
Yazd
Gerd.
Prince.
CHAP. XXX.
Of Yazd Gerd, the Twenty Sixth King
of Perfia.
Pon the Death of Babaron Gur, his Son
Yazd Gerd fucceeded in the Throne of
a just Perfia, who following his Father's Example,
appointed his Kinfman Narfy fupreme Go-
vernor of the Kingdom, and on this Account
ſome reckon him the third Time as King.
Yazd Gerd was fo upright in the Adminiftra-
tion of Juftice, that no Motive could divert
him from it, which gain'd him the entire
Love and Affection of his Subjects. In the
Fourteenth Year of his Reign, he rais'd For-
ces, in order to make War on the King of
Rumeftan, but they came not to Blows, mat-
ters being accommodated between them. Yazd
Gerd had Two Sons, the eldeft call'd Phe-
ruz, the younger Hormoz, this moſt belov’d
by his Father, who defigning to leave him
his Succeffor, remov'd Pheruz from about his
Prefers his Perfon, fending him to govern the Province
younger of Nimrus, to the End that being abſent, he
Sop.
might not obftruct his Brother's Succeffion,
and the People might be the better affected
to the latter. This King dy'd after a Reign
of 18 Years, leaving the Crown to his youn-
ger Son Hormoz ; and had the Sirname of
Sepulduxt, that is, Lover of the Soldiers.
CHAP,
The Hiftory of Perfia.
143
CHAP. XXXI.
Of Hormoz, the Twenty Seventh King
of Perfia.
fucceeds.
Ormoz the younger Son fucceeded his Hormuz
Father Yazd Gerd, with the general the youn
Approbation of all Men; but they had foon ger Son
Cauſe to repent, for being naturally wicked,
he had diffembled, till poffefs'd of the Throne,
and his Temper prevailing, he foon behav'd
himſelf ſo as converted all that Love into
Hatred, and Averfion. Pheruz, the elder Bro-
ther, whom the Father had unjustly depriv'd
of his Right, was inform'd of it, and laying
hold of that Opportunity, made ufe of his
Friends that had Power, many of whom
affifted him, and among them was the King of
Abtelah, to whom Pheruz, agreed to refign
the Lands of Termed, which are above Ka-
rafon, between his and Nimrus, upon Con-
dition he furniſh'd him with Thirty Thou-
fand Horſe, with theſe and what other For-
ces he could raife, Pheruz enter'd Perfia, and
was met by his Brother Hormoz, at the Head
of a numerous Army, whom he routed, took,
and ſome Days after, put to Death. Pheruz
reign'd but one Year, and had the Sirname
of Farzand, that is, Son.
CHAP,
144
The Hiftory of Perfias
Pheruz
executes
ther.
CHAP. XXXII.
Of Pheruz, the Twenty Eighth King
of Perfia.
P
1
Heruz being poffefs'd of the King-
dom of Perfia, apply'd himſelf to the
his Bro- Government, and fufpecting, that his Bro-
ther Hormoz confpir'd againft him, with
Three of his Favourites, ftruck off all their
Heads. The Firft Year of the Reign of
Pheruz is cry'd up as moft fortunate, as the
next Seven are lamented for being moft
miferable, and deftructive, occafion'd by a
dreadful Dearth, which lafted fo long,
that all Perfia was under a defolating Fa-
mine, for all the Springs were dry'd up,
and the fame is reported of the famous Ri-
Seven ver Febun, and of the Degilah, or Tigris,
great Numbers of People perifh'd, and the
Famine. Fields were cover'd with Birds, and Beafts,
Years
that dy'd for Want of Water. Pheruz was
much concern'd at this Calamity, and did
all he could to redreſs it, but the Miſchief
was fo great, that all his Care and Gene-
rofity could not put a stop to it. Confide-
ring how little all his Endeavours avail'd,
he gather'd great Multitudes of People, with
whom he went about the Fields, doiug Pen-
Penance to nance, and begging Mercy of God, which
they continu'd for many Days, till it rain'd,
the Land being moiftned began to bear, and
the Evil ceas'd.
obtain
Rain.
Some Provinces complain'd to Pheruz
that the King of Abtelah molefted them with
Incurfiont.
7
145
The Hiftory of Perfia.
what Na-
Incurfions. This was he, to whom Pheruz
had reftor'd the Lands of Termed, for the
Succour of Thirty Thouſand Men he ſent
him to recover Perfia. Athio and Tornamira,
write of this King of Abtelah, calling him
of the Eutalytas, in whofe Pits they fay, Phe- Abtelah
ruz, dy'd, giving him the Name of Peruzas, tion.
which is not to be thought ftrange, becauſe
of the Affinity there is between the F and
F in the Perfian, and Arabick Writing, and
even in the Pronunciation. Now thoſe they
call Eytalytas, the Perfians name Abtelah
which fignifies Water of Gold, being a Na-
tion to the Northward of Perfia, Pheruz being
inform'd of theſe Incurfions, prepar'd to make
War on him. Gox Nawaz, fo the King of
Abtelah was call'd, and fignifies a skilful Mu-
fician, hearing of it, was concern'd and
troubled, knowing he was inferior to the
Perfians in Power, and to the Bravery of
Pheruz. or
A Wazir os Vizier of his finding Great Loy
him in this Perplexity, offer'd to refcue him alty of a
Subject.
from that Danger, if he would promife when
he was dead, to be kind to his Wife and
Children, for his good Service. The King
promis'd, the Wazir took his leave, and cau-
fing his own Nofe, Hands and Feet to be
cut off, was left by his own, Order in a
Place, Pheruz muft of Neceffity pafs by.
There he was found by that King's Army,
which was then marching, and carry'd into
his Prefence. Pheruz wondering to fee him
in that Condition, ask'd who he was, and
how he came to be fo mangled. He an-
fwer'd in doleful manner, that he had been
Wazir to Gox Nawaz, King of Abtelab, whom
he had advis'd to forbear making War on
Perfia, becauſe it would not fucceed; and
I
L
that
146
The Hiftory of Perfia.
that the King was fo far from giving Ear
to his Advice, that for his Boldness in fpea-
king the Truth, he had order'd him to be
fo butcherd and expos'd in the Woods,
where having neither Hands nor Feet to
help himſelf, he must be devour'd by the
wild Beafts. Pheruz aftonifh'd at that Ac-
count, which he believ'd to be true, com-
forted him, with the Hopes of fpeedy Re-
venge, for that and other Cruelties the King
of Abtelah had been guilty of. Pheruz would
have gone on the common way; but the
Wazir pretending to be defifous of Revenge,
told him, if he would march by his Dire-
ction, he would be very fpeedily with his
Enemy, and furprize them. Pheruz order'd
the Army to follow him, and he led them fo
well, that most of them perifh'd through
Hunger and Thirft, Pheruz with thofe few
that furviv'd, falling into the Hands of Gox
Nawaz, who uling Mercy, fet them at Li-
Pheruz berty upon certain Conditions, one whereof
taken, and
was, that Pheruz fhould be oblig'd not to
make War on him again, either in Perfon,
or by his Generals. He granted every thing
to obtain his Liberty, and return'd into Perfia,
where he immediately began to raiſe Men
to renew the War. His People tho' they
us'd their Endeavours, could not diffwade
him. The Country of Siftom was at this
time govern'd by Sufarah, a Kinfman of Phe-
ruz, whom ſeveral Perfian Hiftorians reckon
among the Kings of Perfia, and do it twice,
tho' he was the fame Man, once in this
Place, and again afterwards. Pheruz fent
for this Man, whom he left to govern the
Kingdom, and take care of Two Sons he
had, the one call'd Belax, and the other Ko-
releas'd.
bad,
The Hiftory of Perfia.
147
bad, with Inftructions how to behave himſelf,
and then fet forwards himſelf, taking along Invades
with him an only Daughter he had, of fin- Abtelah,
gular Beauty, and excellently qualify'd.
Being come near to Abtelah, Gox Nawaz
ſent to require he would obferve what had
been ftipulated between them, which Pheruz
would not hearken to. Gox Nawaz had
dug many large Pits full of Water in the
way, fo artificially cover'd, that no Man
would imagine there had been any fuch
thing; and finding Pheruz pofitive to carry
on the War, retir'd as if he fled, drawing
Pheruz's Forces, which purfu'd towards the
Place where the Pits were, into which Phe- Is loft with
ruz himfelf, and moft of his Men fell, and his Army.
there perifh'd; fuch as efcap'd that End
being made Priſoners, and among them Phe-
ruz's beautiful Daughter. Sufarab who as has
been faid, was left to govern Perfia, having
Intelligence of his Difafter, gather'd a con-
fiderable Army, and marching towards Ab-
telah, oblig'd that King to accept of Peace,
which was concluded, upon Condition, that
all the Prisoners and Plunder fhould be re-
ftor'd, as alfo Pheruz's Daughter, with whom
Gox Nawaz parted much against his Will,
as being in Love with her. Sufarah return'd
to Perfia, where he enthron'd Belax, eldeft
Son to Pheruz, and Kebad the younger, who
afpir'd to the Grown, being offended, went
away to ferve the King of Turkeftam. Phe-
ruz reign'd Twenty Six Years.
L 2
CHAP
148
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Brother to
away to
Turke-
ftam.
Marries
Son.
CHAP. XXXIII.
of Belax, the Twenty Ninth King of
Perfia.
B
Elax the Elder Son of Pheruz, being as
was faid proclaim'd King of Perfia, his
Belax goes younger Brother Kobad was diſappointed, and
went away to Turkeftam, attended by Bzar-
meber the Son of Sufarah, his Boſom Friend.
This Bzarmeber was marry'd, and had his
Family at Nixabur, wherefore he defir'd Kobad
to take that Road, becauſe he could there
entertain and divert him, which was accor-
dingly done. Bzarmeber among the reft had
a very beautiful Daughter, call'd Zarmeher,
with whom Kobad was much taken. Her
Father perceiving, he offer'd her to him,
and has a which was accepted, and they were marry'd.
She conceiv'd, and was afterwards deliver'd
of a Son, who bore the Name of Anuxiron,
or Nauxirvon, for it is pronounc'd both ways.
Some time after the Wedding, Kobad leaving
his Wife in her Fathers Houfe, went on to
Turkeftam, where he put himſelf into the
Service of Hha Khon Chiny, who then reign'd
there, and continu'd in it Four Years. Thofe
being expir'd, Hha Khon to reward his Ser-
vice, gave him a good Army, with which
he march'd towards Perfia, againſt his Bro-
ther King Belax, who then govern'd to the
Satisfaction of all his Subjects. In his way,
Robad call'd at Nixabur, where his Wife
Zarmeber refided, with whom he ſtay'd fome
Days, very well pleas'd with her, and with
his Son, whom by reafon of his Abſence he
had
The Hiftory of Perfia.
149
had not ſeen before. When he was about
ſetting out from Nixabur, Advice was brought King
him, that his Brother Belax had dy'd fuddenly, Belax
after reigning Five Years.
dies.
Sands.
elty.
Nixabur is a Province ſubject to the Crown Nixabur
of Perfia, lying between Karafon, Uzbek, and Province.
Tatar, a large Country, and full of great De-
ferts and barren Sands, which are confidently
reported to be in continual Motion, like Moving
boiling Water. The Perfian Hiftories inform
us, that Teymur lang, by us call'd Tamerlan,
of whom I ſhall ſpeak elſewhere, caus'd 400000 Tamer-
Perfons to be flaughter'd in this Province, lan's Cru-
in one Day, which is not to be wonder'd
at, confidering what is faid of his Cruelty.
In this Kingdom of Nixabur, are found thoſe
Blew Stones, that are worn in Rings, by us
call'd Turky Stones, and with good Reafon, Turky
becauſe Nixabur borders on Turkeftam. Ha- Stones.
ving mention'd Stones, it will not be amifs
in this Place, briefly to deliver what occurs
to me concerning them. No Province of
Perfia, produces any precious Stones, tho'
ſome have writ the contrary, unless we
give that Name to thefe Turky Stones, which
the Perfians put fome Value upon, but ſmall;
or elſe to the Bezoars, of which the excellen-
teſt and beſt are found in Perfia. The Per-
fian's call any Stone Sangh, and the Arabs, Bezoar
Ager; but the Bezoar Stone the Perfians by Stones the
way of Preference name Pazabar, which best.
fignifies an Antidote, or more exactly a De-
fence, or á Reftorative againſt Poyfon; from
Zabar, the general Name for all Poyfon,
and Pa a Defence, or Reftorative; and the
Arabick wanting the Letter P, they fubftitute
For B in its Place, and inftead of Pazahar,
fay Bazabar, which we with fome Corrup-
I 3
tion
150
The Hiftory of Perfia.
"
tion pronounce Bezoar. This is the true
meaning of the Word, which is not deriv'd
from its being fold in the Bazar or Market,
for they never were fold there. In the Pro-
vince of Parz or Perfia, there is a well known
Sthaba- Territory, call'd Sthabanon, from a City in it
non City, of the fame Name, ftanding Three Days
and Terri- Journey from the City Lara, or Lar. Its
tory.
P
Fields abound in a Sort of Herb, very like
to Zafron, here abundance of Sheep graze,
and in their Bellies thefe Stones are found,
which being better, and of more Excellency
than all others are fo highly valu'd, that the
King of Perfia keeps Officers there to fecure
all the Stones for his Ule, which are above
a certain Weight. The fame was practis'd
by the King of Pegu in his Dominions, in
Relation to precious Stones. It eafily ap-
pears when thofe Sheep, which differ but
little from ours have any Stone in them, be-
caufe according as they have one or more,
great or ſmall, they are proportionably fick,
or well, heavy, or active. That Pafture is
the efficient Caufe of thofe Stones; for the
Sheep, if remov'd from thence, breed none
in other Parts. It is remarkable, that all
Comical the Inhabitants of this Province of Sthabanon,
bald Pates, are bald headed, which the Perfians call Ka-
Tax on
chel. This being obferv'd by a Servant of
the King of Perfia, Scha Abas, he begg'd of
his Mafler, as a Reward of all his Service,
that every Kachel, that is, bald Pate in the
Kingdom, fhould be cblig'd to pay him a
Scherafim, being about a Ducat. Scha Abas
look'd upon his Requeft as ridiculous, and
as fuch granted it, but the Petitioner who
was no Fool, took fuch Care in collecting
of it, that he foon became rich; and the
King
The Hiftory of Perfia.
151
King being inform'd of the Myftery, which
before he understood not, was much amaz'd,
but could not recall what was done.
breeds
Beſides theſe Bezoar Stones of Perfia, there Bezoar
are others in India, and thoſe of the Iland Stones
de las Vacas, or of Cows, near Manar, be- the fecond
best.
tween Ceylon, and the Coaft of Coromandel,
are the fecond beft. Thefe breed in Goats,
and Thirteen of them have been found in
one of thoſe Beafts, and not ſmall ones.
In this Ifland it was fufficiently made out,
that the Pasture was the Matter of thofe The Pa-
Stones; for a dreadful Inundation of the ture,
Sea Water hapning in the Year 1585, all them.
along that Coaft, this Ifland of Cows was
quite overflown, and being full of Sea Wa-
ter, the Pafture was fpoil'd. The Goats be-
ing then carry'd to other Ports, bred no
Stones; but fome Years after the Land re-
cover'd, the Salt being ſpent, and produc'd
good Patture, and the Goats being carry'd
again into the Ifland, bred Stones as before.
The Third in Goodnefs are the Bezoars of Third Sorte
the South, I mean of Malaca, Pam, Patene,
Borneo, Maniarmacem, and other Ports, where
there are great Numbers of them. But the
beft, as has been faid, are thofe of Perfia,
which I have ſeen work wonderful Effects
in Cafes of Poifon. The Bezoar Stones are
fometimes counterfeited, but it is easy to
know them, which may be done two ways;
the one, taking into ones Hand a little Lime
work'd up with Water, and fprinkling the
Stone with it; if the Lime turns yellow,
without wafting the Stone, it is not falfe.
A better and furer way is, to weigh the Counter-
Stone, and put it into a Porringer full of feit Be-
Water, there let it lie fix or feven Hours, zoar how
L 4
then
known.
152
The Hiftory of Perfia.
then take it out, and weigh it; if it conti-
nues entire, and weighs no more than be-
fore, it is good and right, but if it breaks, dif-
folves, or weighs more, it is a Counterfeit.
The Bezoar Stone is fuccefsfully us'd againft
all Sorts of Poifon, whether inward, or
outward, and in fhort againſt all Diftem-
pers. The Perfians take it by way of Pre-
vention, from the 20th of March forward,
which they call Neu Rus, that is, New Day,
becauſe they reckon that the beginning of
the Solar Year. At Mexico in America, by
the Natives call'd Tenus titlan, fignifying the
City of Tunas, being the Fruit born by the
Bezoar of Tree the Cochineel breeds on, I faw Be-
Mexico zoar Stones enough, which were they as
not good, good as they are great, would be of an in-
eftimable Value; but their Virtue being
little or none, they are. fcarce worth any
thing. The largeft Bezcar Stone I ever
faw in Perfi, that was perfectly good, and
I have feen many, weigh'd 17 Meticales
and a half, which amounts to Two Ounces
and a half, little over or under.
}
►
From the Top of a Mountain, in the
fame Province of Sthabanon, and the Clefts
of a Rock, iffues a Sort of Liquor, which
the King of Perfia appoints Perfons of Re-
putation to fecure, and the whole Quantity
gather'd in a Year amounts to about Thirty
Aprecious Meticales, little more or lefs, which is about
Balfam. Five Ounces. The Perfians call it Momnaby
Khony, that is, precious Mummy produc'd
by the Earth, which is wholly preferv'd
for the King; and they fay, this is an al-
moft miraculous Antidote against all Sorts
of Poiſon, and for healing up all inward
Ruptures, and even the Fractures of Limbs.
The
The Hiftory of Perfia.
153
The King of Perfia makes Prefents of very
fmall Quantities of it, yet highly valu'd to
the Princes he is in Amity with. There-
fore the Perfians fay their Kings enjoy Health,
by means of this Momnaby Kony, and the
Turks with their Terra figillata.
The Eaſtern Mahometans make ufe of Other An-
another Antidote, by them call'd Pazar tidotes.
Khony, fignifying the Antidote coming from
the Earth, being a Sort of Bitumen, found
at Moxulpatan in India, very wholfome, but
not like the laft. There are many other
Stones breeding in the Craws of Creatures,
and of fingular Virtues; as that taken from
the Ape, very like the Bezoar; that which
comes from Deer, brought from Solor, as
large as a Tennis Ball, crufty and fcaly
without, fpungy and foft within, having a
little bitter; but beyond them all is the Por- Porcupines
cupines Stone, bred in the Maw of that Crea- Stones.
ture, which is of fuch Virtue and Excellency,.
that none but thoſe who have had the Ex-
perience, can give entire Credit to it. Of
this I am an Eye Witnefs,, having feen the Ef-
fects of it in feveral Places, at fundry times,
and particularly at the City of Cochim, in
the Years 1590, and 1591, where the Go-
vernor that then was, fpent Two Porcupines
Stones he had, in the Service of the poor,
and needy, doing Wonders againſt a Diſeaſe
more dangerous and violent than the Plague,
which reign'd Two whole Years, and car-
ry'd off People in Four or Five Hours. This
Diftemper was a Cholerica Paffio, by the In-
dians call'd Moxxy, and by the
Mordexim, being a Sort of Colick.
ter this Stone has been infus'd in,
Portugueses
The Wa
is good in
all
154
The Hiftory of Perfia.
all Diſeaſes, and may be given with Safety,
except to Women with Child, to whom it
may be prejudicial, by reaſon of its exceffive
Bitterneſs. Theſe Stones are found in Syaka,
a Kingdom very near that of Malaca, and
are fold like the Bezoars of that Country,
by the Weight they call Mazes, each Maz
being an 8th Part and a Half of an Ounce,
a Grain over or under. To be fatisfy'd,
whether the Creatures thefe Stones breed
in, anſwer'd the Name that is given them,
I caus'd one to be brought me from Syaka,
when I was at Malaca, and found it was a
perfect Porcupine, no way differing from
Another the common Sort. There is another Sort of
Medicinal Stone in the Eaft, greenish without, but
white when pounded, call'd of the Iſlands,
or of Cananor, which is alfo Medicinal.
Stone.
Tho' the finding of precious Stones be fo
generally known, eſpecially in India; I will
briefly mention how and where fome of them
are had, that I may not be thought tedious.
Diamants. The Diamants of Bifnaga and Narfinga, are
dug out of the Rocks, and thofe we have
from Malaca are taken out of the Water.
Lave is a Kingdom and River of the fame
Name, fubject to the King of Maniar Ma-
fen, where in the Woods grows the true
Rota, being a Sort of Stalks, like Vine Bran-
ches of great Value, generally from so to
100 Fadom in Length, allowing Ten Spans
to a Fadom. This Kingdom is on the South
Coaſt of the great Iſland of Borneo, whence
Camphir of comes the true and pure Camphir, call'd Ka-
pur and Kapbur, throughout all the Eaft, A-
rabia, and Perfia. It is fcrap'd from the Heart
of the Trunk of the Tree, it grows on like
Rota.
Borneo.
the
+
The Hiftory of Perfia.
155
the Rozin on the Pine Tree, with a Sort of
Iron Claws, and is thrown into clear Water,
which being often chang'd, it fines by De-
grees, till perfectly pure; and fuch is that a
Sumatra, but that of China is foul, and of
little Value, compar'd with this. It is ge-
nerally reckned cold, I know not upon what
Grounds, there being fo much to be alledg'd
against it. But let us leave this, which be-
longs not to us, and return to the River La-
ve, whofe Stream is extraordinary rapid, and
the Natives along its Banks very poor, and
miferable. Theſe People when the River is
much ſwollen, and impetuous, on Account
of the Floods falling from the Mountains, Fishing for
caft themſelves from a certain Place into the Diamants.
Water, and diving down to the bottom, with
each of them a Schareta, that is, half a Coco
Shell, which when they come to the Ground
in the middle of the River they fill, and
clap cloſe to their Breaft, that the Water
may not carry it away, then they come up,
and for the moft Part get to Land half a
League below the Place where they leap'd
in, where they find the Kings Officers, who
ply all along the Shore, and they muft
not take the Schareta, which as I faid is like
a ſmall wooden Bowl from their Breaſt, till
one of thoſe Officers is by, who ſees what
there is in it, and fometimes they find fe-
veral good Diamants, and other times more.
All that they take is for the King, and the
Fiſhers have fome fmall matter for their Pains,
but they now and then make their Advan-
tage unobferv'd. Thus all thefe Diamants
go to the King, and from him to the Mer-
chants, who carry them to Patane, Pam, Sun-
da,
156
The Hiftory of Perfia,
Rubies
and Sa-
phires.
da, and other Parts, and fome few to Ma-
laca, whither they us'd all to be fent for-
merly; but fince the Dealers all refus'd to
trade there, by reafon of the many Wrongs
the Governors have done them. This is the
Method of fiſhing for Diamants at Lave, to
which Place Reafon fhows they are brought
down by the Floods, from the Mountains
that produce them.
The Rubies by the Perfsans and Arabs,
call'd Yacut, come from the Kingdoms of
Kevelam and Kablam, being the fame we have
from Pegu, and the fineft; from which fome
Kingdoms they alfo bring Saphires. The
Kingdom of Siam alfo affords Rubies, but
neither fo many, nor fo good; and thoſe
of China are the worst of all, as being foft,
and of a pale Colour. I forbear to ſpeak
of Spinets, Garnets, Amethifts, Cornelians,
Agates, Milk, and Blood Stones, and Cats
Eyes, the best of which are in Ceylon, be-
cauſe there are none of thefe in Perfia. Nor
Coco Stone is there any of the Coco Stone, which comes
from Jaoa, there being but one in a Coco,
but not in every one. It is fmall and round,
not unlike a common Fishes Eye in Shape
and Bigneſs, ſmooth, of a good Lufter, and
extraordinary hard. It is faid to have fome
Virtue, and is worn in Rings, like a Pearl.
The Hardneſs of this Stone puts me in mind
of the Ignorance of thofe, who contrary to
good Senfe, pofitively maintain the invin-
Diamants cible Firmness of the Diamant, whereas it
will break. breaks like any other Stone, ftill granting
that it is harder than any of them; and
yet, tho' it be never fo hard and ftrong, I
ſhall not think it fo fafe from breaking be-
tween
The Hiftory of Perfia.
157
Stones.
tween the Hammer and the Anvil, as under
a Knife or fuch like Inftrument dipp'd in
Goats Blood. I remember there is a Sort
of Herb along the Coaft of Coromandel, as
alfo at Malaca, and it grows about the Streets,
being ſmall and little regarded; if the ſmall
tender Roots of it be chew'd, fo that the
Teeth remain full of its Juice and Moiſture,
and than any Stone, tho' never fo hard, be
taken into the Mouth, and chew'd, it will Herb
diffolve into Duft fo eafily, as neither to diffolving
hurt the Teeth, nor give the leaft Trouble,
which I have often try'd my felf, and ſeen
done by others; a Quality wherein we
ought to admire the Works of our Creator,
who has given it fuch Efficacy. No lefs
wonderful is another in the Iſland of Cey-
lon, which was prefented to a Governor
of Columbo's Wife, being much like an Ear
of Wheat, but black and bearded. This had
fuch Virtue for facilitating the Birth, that Another to
if it was not immediately taken away from facilitate
the Thigh, as foon as the Child was brought
forth, it would draw the very Bowels after
it, feveral Experiments whereof were made,
and I my felf am Witnefs to what hapned
to the Owner herfelf with it. She being
with Child, this Plant was reftor'd to her,
by fome Perfon it had been lent to, and
fhe put it into a Box, which a Slave thruſt
under her Miftreffes Bed, who ſoon miſcar-
ry'd, and there follow'd fuch a Flux of Blood,
that there was no ftopping it, and fhe was
at Deaths Door, whereupon it was thought
fit to give her the Bleffed Sacrament, and
fomething being wanted out of the Box,
they open'd and found the Herb or Plant,
which
the Birth
1
158
The Hiftory of Perfia.
which made them recollect, whether the
Force of it might be fuch as to affect the
fick Woman at that Diftance; they carry'd
it away to another Houfe, immediately the
Flux of Blood ceas'd, and fhe perfectly
recover'd. This hapned at Goa, and I was
preſent. I have not mention'd the Names
of thefe Plants, becauſe the firft has none,
and they who had the other knew not the
Name of it, which I could not learn, tho'
I endeavour'd it afterwards, when I was in
Ceylon. I pafs by another, which thrown
into a Veffel of Water confolidates it, as
Milk is by Runnet, and others of won-
derful Quality found in the Eaft, becauſe
theſe Things are foreign from the matter
in Hand.
Lapis To return to the Stones in Perfia and
Judaicus. Cambaya, is found that our Phyſicians call
Lapis Judaicus, and the Perfians and Arabs,
Ager Alyud, that is, Stone of Juda, or of
the Jew; as alſo Zeytun Ben Ifrael, the O-
live of the Son of Ifrael; becauſe it is very
like an Olive. Perfia alfo produces Ager
Armery, that is, the Armenus Lapis of our
Phyficians, otherwife call'd Lapis Lazuli. A-
ger as has been faid before in Arabick, fig-
nifies a Stone, and thence came the Name
of the River in Spain call'd Guadalagera
which fhould be Wedal Ager, that is, the
Stony River. In the Gulph of Perfia, near
the Iſland Gerun, or Ormuz, there are Quar-
ries under Water, whence they take much
Stone; us'd by the Natives for building,
Quarry becauſe it is very foft, and they call it
in the Sea, Sangh May, that is, Fish Stone becauſe it
grows in the Sea, and is foft, but this is
that grows.
moft
The Hiftory of Perfia.
159
in a Be-
zoar Sione
moft obfervable, that it grows as faft as ta-
ken away. The fame is found in the Sea
of Malaca, where the Portuguefes us'd it, not
fo much for building, as for making of
Lime, which they fay is excellent. Before
I conclude with this Chapter, I will men-
tion Three or Four Things worth obfer-
ving, that occur to me. The firft of an
Ape I faw, that had a Bezoar Stone found Head of
in his Thigh, which being broken to fee an Arrow
the Center or Foundation of it, for they
have all ſomething that they grow about,
as a Straw, Herb, bit of Stick, and fome-
times a Date Stone, the Center of this was
found to be the Head of an Arrow. Nor
was it unlike to this that hapned at Ormuz,
where intending to make Tryal of a Scha-
mama of Amber, being a Ball not made
by Art, but form'd by Nature, pricking it
with a hot Needle, it fplit in two, and in
the midft of it, I found a fmall Beak, and Feathers
fome Feathers, with fome bits of fmall Shells, and Beak
which did not only furprize me, but many
others who were well acquainted with fuch
Things I forgot, when I fpoke above of
the Swines Stone to mention, that a Citizen
of Cochim defiring to borrow one, of the Go-
vernor I there fpoke of, a Woman Slave ta-
king it out of the Veffel, where he kept it
in Infuſion, as ſoon as fhe had it in her hand,
it fell into ſmall bits, tho' fhe did not handle
it roughly, nor was the Stone fo foft as to be
diffolv'd by the Water. Upon Enquiry the
Cauſe of it appear'd to be, that the Slave
had then her Monthly Courſes on her ;
fuch is the Force of that Venom, and no
Wonder, for at Goa in a Neighbours Garden,
I faw
in Amber.
160
The Hiftory of Perfia.
I ſaw a moſt ſtately Tree wither away and
die, in a few Days, only becaufe fome Lin-
nen that had been infected with that Filth,
was hung on it to dry; and it was not the
Weather that made it wither, for there is
but one Tree in all India, which loofes its
Leaves in the rainy Seafon, which as well
as its Fruit is call'd Ambare. Let us now
proceed to Kobad, who has been long laid
afide.
CHAP. XXXIV.
Of Kobad the Thirtieth King of Perfia.
WE faid before, that the News of Be-
lax's Death, was brought to his Bro-
ther Kobad to Nixabur, whilft he ftay'd at
his Father in Laws Houfe, diverting him-
felf with his Wife Zarmeher, and his Son
Anuxiron; and being at the fame time in-
vited to receive the Crown, becauſe his
Brother had left no Iffue, he fet out fpee-
dily with his Forces for Perfia, and was
there honourably receiv'd. Sufarah, as has
been faid, ftill govern'd the Kingdom, and
was generally refpected and belov'd by all
Men, for his good Qualities; but Kobad
was not well pleas'd to fee him in fuch
Authority, and being offended at it, fent
Sufarah for one Schapur, a bold and renowned Com-
mander, who liv'd remote from Court, whom
he acquainted with his Defign, giving him
Orders to kill Sufarah. Schapir a few Days'
after, went to vifit him, and picking a quar
rel in Diſcourſe, flew him.
murder'd.
The History of Perfia.
161
Kobad ex-
In the tenth Year of the Reign of Kobad,
one Mezdabk came into Perfia, from the Coun- Mezdahk
ty of Sthabar, and began to propagate a new broaches &
Sect, adding fresh Follies to the ancient. He new Sect.
affum'd the Title of a Prophet, pretending
that the Fire ſpoke to him, and difcover'd high
Myfteries, impofing the Belief of it on the
vulgar Sort, by means of fome jugling Tricks.
He would have all Things in common, Goods,
Women, Children, and the Reft; prohibited
killing any thing that had Life, and many o-
ther Abfurdities. Some, and thofe no fmall
Number, tho' they were fenfible of the Falf-
hood of his Doctrine, follow'd him, for the
fake of a Lewd Life, and among them was Ko-
bad, the King, who highly commended him, braces it.
and his Followers, honouring and refpecting
him, as a holy Man. The Great, and Wife
Men of the Nation confidering the King's Dan-
ger, addrefs'd him, defiring he would defift,
and either banish, or put Mezdabk to death.
After feveral Remonftrances, to which he ne-
ver would give Ear, they unanimously de-
Is depos'd,
pos'd, and fecur'd him in Prifon; enthroning and fecur'd
Jamash, a near Kinfman of his, who is by fome
reckon'd among the Kings of Perfia. Kobad
being fecur'd, the Perfians defign'd to feize,
and kill Mezdabk, but could not, by Reaton
of the Multitude that follow'd him, and the
great Care he took of his Perfon; however,
he fail'd not of his Deferts, as we fhall foon
fee. Kobad had a moft beautiful Sifter, with
whom he fell in Love, and was marry'd to
her, by Difpenfation from Mezdahk, who was
not nice in point of Confcience. She feeing
her Brother and Husband fecur'd, and pre-
vail'd upon by this double Tye of Kindred,
contriv'd how to reſcue him. The Method
M
the
162
The History of Perſia.
the pitch'd upon, was to drefs herſelf in the
richest Apparel and Jewels fhe had, which ad-
ded much Luftre to her Beauty, and thus went
to the Prifon in which Kobad was detain'd,
where, what with Gifts, and what with un-
lawful Promifes, fhe prevail'd upon the Guards
to permit her to lye there that Night Her
Bed was brought, which in the Morning fhe
roll'd up, with Kobad in it, and fo caus'd it
to be carried to her Houfe, fhe ftaying behind
Makes his to amufe the Guard, whilft he made his Ef-
Elcape.
cape, as he did with fuch Privacy and Expedi-
tion, that they never mifs'd him, till it was too
late. Being got out of the Dominions of Per-
fia, he made to thofe of Abtelah, deſigning to
procure Forces of that King, to recover his
Crown. That King gave him a favourable Re-
ception, and tho' not immediatly, yet fome
Years after, furnish'd him with 30000 Horfe,
with which Force, and others he gather'd,
Kobad enter'd Perfia, at that Time in an Up-
roar, it being hotly controverted, whether he
fhould be receiv'd peaceably, or as an Enemy.
It was at laft concluded to lay afide their Arms,
and fubmit, and the firft that put himſelf in-
to his Hands was Jamafp, to whom the Go-
Is reftor'd. vernment had been committed, when he was
fecur'd. Kobad rewarded his Submiffion, by
Pardoning, and Fogetting all paft Offences.
The Rett of his Life he spent in Reforming
the Government. He was addicted to Build-
ing; founded the Cities of Bardab, Guania,
His Death. and others of lefs Note, and died a Natural
Death, when he had Reign'd 43 Years.
CHAP.
The History of Perfia,
163
CHA P. XXXV.
Of Kefere Anuxiron, the 31st King
of Perfia.
K
and bis Sect
ESERE Anuxiron, or Nauxirvan, for it
is writ, both ways, Son to Kobad, by his
Wife Zarmeker, fucceeded him in the Throne;
and being a virtuous Prince, was much belov'd
by his own Subjects, and Strangers. After Re-
Mezdahk
dreffing all Abuſes, which he ſeriouſly apply'd
himſelf to, the firft thing he did, was to con- extirpated.
demn Mezdabk, and all his Feilowers to Death,
executing it with fuch Rigor, that they were
foon utterly extirpated, tho' there was an al-
moſt infinite Multitude of them. Perfia being
deliver'd from thofe pernicious People, he
contriv'd to have his Dominions govern'd with
more Eafe to the King, dividing them all in-
to four Wazir, or Vizierſhips, that is, Govern-
ments, each of which he put into the Hands
of able and trufty Perfons, ally'd to him in
Blood. The firft of thefe Governments con- Govern-
tain'd the Countries of Karazon, Sagiſtan, Ker- ments of
mon, and Maurenabar; the 2d, thofe of Hifpha- Perfia.
on, or Ifpahan, Kem, Aderbion, and Armenia;
the 3d, Pars, or Perfia, properly fo call'd, and
Abwa; and the 4th, Hyerak beyond Babylon,
and the Lands of Rumeftan, that is, Greece.
Kefere's
Having thus fetled his Affairs, he rais'd
Forces, and fubdu'd the Countries of Tackor Conquests,
ftar, Zabulftam, Kabulftam, Juganian, and Ab- and Loffes.
telab. Whilft he was bufy about theſe Con-
queſts, Kha Khon Chiny, King of Tatar, or Tar-
tary, invaded his Dominions, with a mighty
Army, and poffefs'd himſelf of Barfchax,Ferana,
Kaix, Nefaf, Samarkand, and Bokara. The two
M 2
laft
164
The History of Perfia.
1
laft Countries nam'd, having given Birth to
two famous Men, it will be proper, in this
Place to give fome fhort Account of both the
Provinces, and Perfons.
Samarkand, a moft noble City, in the Coun-
Tamerlan try of Maurenabar, built according to the Per-
born at Sa- fians, by Alexander the Great, Son to Philip of
morzand. Macedon, was the Native Country of the re-
nowned Teymur Langb, whom we commonly
call Tamerlan. He was nobly defcended, and
no Carrier, nor Shepherd, nor Robber, nor
of any fuch Original, as is pretended; but a
Soldier by Profeffion, and of the Blood Royal
of Chinguifhkan, King of the Tartars, of whom
fomething fhall be faid hereafter. Tho' his
Perfon was nothing graceful, as being lame of
an Arm, and a Leg, and blind of one Eye,yet
by his Valour he came to Lord it over the
greatest Part of the Eaft. To thoſe that ſub-
mitted he fhew'd Mercy, and exercis'd the
utmoft Cruelty on fuch as oppos'd him. His
proper Name was Teymur, and he had the ad-
ditional Nick-name of Langh, which fignifies,
Lame, and we corruptly call him Tamerlan.
He was alfo call'd Teymur Khan, that is, Lord,
or King Teymur; and the Perfians frequently
give him the Title of Sabaybkbaron, importing
as much as Lord, or Difpofer of Fortune. The
Perfians have a very curious Book, in no vul-
gar Stile, of the Life and Actions of Teymur.
He had feveral Sons, who at his Death divi-
ded his Dominions, till Time overthrew that
Monarchy. The Great Mogol, one of the
mightieft Monarchs in the World, according
to the Notion of the Perfians, who fay there are
only five Kings in being, thofe ut Turky, Perfia,
Tartary, China, and the Mogol, whofe Domi-
nion extends from the River Ganges to the
King-
The History of Perfia.
165
was when
Kingdom of Makron, on the Gulph of Perfia,
comprehending many very large Kingdoms
and Provinces, moft of them wealthy, and ci-
viliz'd. He is a Mahometan, but of a different The Mogǝl
Sort from all the Reft, as following no particu-
lar Sect, but pretending to make a New one.
He caufes himſelf to be worship'd by his Sub-
jects, as fomething Divine, has always certain Note This
Clerks about him, whofe whole Bufinefs is to the Author
write down all he fays and does; refides one writ but is
part of the Year at Labor, a great and populous fince al-
City, and the other at Agra, not inferior to ter'd.
the former, and both Capitals of two noble
Kingdoms, up the Inland of India; and five
or fix Kings, his Subjects generally attend him
at Court. He conftantly keeps a fort of Fair,
thrice in a Year, within his own Palace, to
which none but Women are admitted, a-Fair of
mounting to above 2000, all of them of Qua-
lity, and many Wives to the greateft Mien,
with a ftrong Guard of Eunuchs, and he for
his Diverfion, plays the Broker of all that is
there brought and fold, being Things of very
confiderable Value, and has a certain Al-
lowance per Cent for Brokerage.
3
Then at
Women.
the End of the Fair, which lafts eight Days,
he prefents her he likes beft with all his Get-
tings. The Mogol gave a very rich String of
Beads to the Son of a Favorite, and his Fofter
Brother, who was a great General, call'd 4-
zys Kokab, well known in India, in my Time,
for his extraordina, y Valour in the Conqueft
of the Kingdoms of Cambaya, and Sinde; call'd
by another Name Nababo, which is a Title of
Honour and Dignity. The Megel, as has been
ſaid, had given his Son the String of Beads,who
prefented it as a precious Jewel, to a Lady he
avas in Love with. She going to the Fair,
M 3
care
166
The History of Perfia.
The Mo
gol's Sera-
glio.
carried it with her, where that Prince faw, and
knew it, and therefore difgrac'd the Youth,
judging him unworthy of his Efteem, who fo
little valu'd his Favours. There lyes no Ob-
jection againſt calling thefe Beads; for the
Mabometans and Gentiles uſe them after their
Manner. Galaladin Akbar [this was the Mo-
gol reigning at the Time when the Author writ]
keeps abundance of Women, brought from
all Parts of his Dominions. The beautifulleft
of them live in a feparate Apartment, guarded
by Eunuchs, and no Man is to pafs along the
Street it joyns to, on Pain of Death. The
King, when he thinks fit, walks along the Gal-
leries of that Apartment, and they being lodg'd
in private Chambers, like Cels, when he paffes
by, come to their Doors, to make the Sumbaya,
that is, to do him Reverence. He views them
in his Way, and throws his Handkercheif to
her he likes beft, which fhe keeps, to return
him at Night, this being his Method of chu-
HisWealth fing her he has a Mind to. This Monarch's
and Power. Wealth, and Treafure is ineftimable, and his
Power very great; for he generally has a-
bove 200000 Horie in the Field, and almoft
an equal number of Servants, and Hangers on
follow the Army, befides the conftant Garri-
fons in feveral Parts of his Dominions and
the Foot are never reckon'd, as being innume-
rable. He had three Sons, among whom he
divided his Dominions, two of whom are liv-
ing. The Eldeft, call'd Xequb Patfcha, who
made War on his Father, tho' they are fince
agreed; and the Youngeft, whofe Name is Sa-
bel Xa Patſcha; Pary Patscha, the ſecond of them
died a natural Death, in the Year 1602. The
Mogols,
who they Mogols, being true Tartars, and defcended of
are. them, are a warlike haughty People, think
,
chem-
•
The History of Perfia.
167
themſelves the braveſt Men in the World,and
generally fight on Horfeback, caufing them-
felves to be bound to their Hortes when they
engage, for the more Safety. Their Weapons
are a Lance, and a Cofo, that is a Shield, or
Buckler, Turkish Bows and Arrows, Muskets,
Cannon, Coats of Mail, Cymiters, and the
like. They are addicted to Gluttony, fond
of Wine, and very fenfual. As foon as the
married Men perceive their Wives are with
Child, they have no more to do with them,
looking upon it as abominable, and therefore
upbraid the Portugueses with it, as a Reproach,
ufing this Work Bethchoch, which fignifies, one
that lies with his own Daughter. They are
fair of Complexion, with Red in their Faces.
I muſt forbear to fay more of them, that I may
return to the Hiftory.
born at
But I muſt firft fpeak of the other Man,
born in the City of Bokara, in the Province of Avicen
Uzbek, and that was the famous Phyfician, A Bokara in
vicen. His proper Name was Boaly, and fo uzbek.
the Perfians, who highly value his Writings,
call him; but his whole Title is, Scheque Reis
Boaly Sina, or Eben Sina, fignifying, the Lord
Boaly, Son to Sina; and from this laft Expref-
fion Eben Sina, I am of Opinion, we have by
Corruption made the Name of Avicen. This
great Man's Life is fo well known that
it will be neediefs to repeat it. He was
a Noble Man; but not Prince of Uzbek, nor
born at Cordova, nor a Spaniard, and writ
much more than we have of his, particularly
a Volume containing 20 Books of Mufick,
which the Perfians call Mufiquy Boaly, that is,
Boaly's Mufick, which is extraordinary inge-
nious and artificial, and he compos'd it, to
hew his Ability, on Occafion of the Lamen-
tation
M 4
168
The History of Perfia.
tation he heard in a Mofque, for a dead Man.
He choſe rather to write all his Works in Ara-
bick than in his Mother Perfian Tongue, be-
cauſe the Arabick was more univerfal, and ele-
gant. The Perfians tell wonderful Stories of
his Wit, which they extol, as more than hu-
man but they blame him, for having an ill
Opinion of their Mahometan Sect. I cannot
but admire at thofe, who call all Phyſicians
Barbarians, that are not Greeks, or Latins, as
being ignorant of the Extent of the World,
and what it contains, what they know of it
being much less than what they are Strangers
to. There have been and ftill are in Perfia,
Arabia, and India, many Phyficians, fo excel-
lent in their Art, that they are fit to be Pro-
feffors in any Country. If I have been any
thing tedious in this Particular, the Reader
may excufe me, for we must not always write
of Wars and Conquefts, and if he delights in
them, he ſhall have enough in the ſecond Part.
I must therefore obſerve, that the Arabs, Per-
Phyficians
in the East fians, and Eaftern Gentiles, eſpecially thoſe of
India, in the Lands of Decan, Cuncan, Balagate,
and Multan, that is, in the Country of Labor,
have the Knowledge of, and practice Phyfick,
in the fame Manner as the Greecks and Latins,
or with very little Difference, dividing it into
three Sects, which are the Empirick, the Me-
thodick, and the Rational; and in most other
Countries, tho' never fo barbarous, they have
Phyſicians, more or lefs skillful, as I fhall foon
how. The Perfians and Arabs call one that is
a Phyſician and Philoſopher, Alym, and an Em-
pirick,Tabib; adding the Title from the Coun-
try where they ftudied, as Akim Mefery,
Phyfician of Grand Cairo; Akim Schirazy, a Phy-
a
fician
The History of Perfia.
169
ries.
fician of Schyras, as we fay, a Doctor of Padua,
Paris, or Salamanca; and fince they follow Hip-
pocrates, Galen, Avicen, and others, it is neediefs
to fpeak of their Method of Curing, only that
they feldom let Blood. The Perfians are to
much addicted to the Ufe of Phyfick, that be. Apotheca-
fides all the publick Apothecaries Shops,which
are as many as the Phyficians, for every Do-
&tor has his own Apothecary, every private
Man that is able, has his private Shop at home,
fo plentifully furnish'd, and with fuch excel-
lent Drugs, that it were to be wifh'd our Apo-
thecaries were fo well ftor'd. They there
call them by the Name of Attar. And whereas
we find it written in Alfonfo de Albuquerque's
Commentaries, that Coaia Attar defended
the Iſland of Ormuz againft him, the Rea-
der is to take Notice, that it fhould be Atak,
which was his proper Name. The Perfians
have another more honourable Name for Phy-
ſicians, which is Mulak, and fignifies Mafter,
or Teacher, either of their Religion, or of a-
ny fpeculative Science; and I have known
Phyficians, Aftrologers, and Mathematicians
fo call'd, as Mulak Jacob, Mulak Kodbadia, Mulak, or
Mulak Ezabk, and many more. This Word Muley, the
fame.
Mulak is Arabick, and the fame as Muley us'd
by the People of Barbary, tho' they have there
made it to denote higher Honour and Digni-
ty. I faid this Title was only given to Ma-
fters of Sciences; becauſe Mafters in Arts are
call'd Ofte, or Oftah. The Perfians have ano- Women
ther Sort of Physicians, which are Women, Phyficians.
whom they generally call Dayab, and thefe
cure Women, and Children, a Cuftom fo fixt,
that they feldom call any other Phyfican to
them. They make ufe of all our Phyfical
Simples, Perfia and Arabia being plentifully
fur-
170
The History of Perfia.
Indian
furnish'd with them all, befides many others.
we have not of our own, as the true Amomum,
Rhubarb, Spica, Senna, Coftus, Caftor, Turbith,
and a thouſand more. In India there are Phy-
ficians, among whom thoſe call'd Pandytos, are
Learned, and able Philofophers, and I have
often heard them difpute with our Divines
and Phyſicians, about natural Things, and
fpeak well to the Purpofe, and that is the
Meaning of the Word Pandyto. Theſe are
taught in publick Schools they have up the
Country, and their Doctrine and Science is
Phyficians, written in a Language different from the Vul-
gar. Another Sort, are Empiricks, but both
are Apothecaries, as well as Phyſicians, and
when they go to visit a Patient carry along
with them a little Bag, and a Glafs with the
common Medicines, and leave the fick Per-
fon behind what he is to take. They have
fome Medecines of wonderful Effect,in feveral
Cafes. In Molaca, Pam, Peru, Patane, Suma-
tra, Sunda, Java, Borneo, and all thofe Sou-
thern Countries and Iſlands, the Women pra-
aice Phyfick, and are call'd Babu, fignifying
a Physician. Their Method is as barbarous as
their way of living, for they reduce all Di-
tempers to two Sorts, diftinguiſh'd by theſe
Names, Capiala, being every kind of Fever,
and Takana, fignifying, a Difeafe caus'd by
the Air, and whereas in the Malayan Lan-
guage, all Medicines are call'd Uba, they pre-
fently have Recourſe to Uba Tacana, and Uba
Capiala; befides a thouſand feveral Sorceries,
Ceremonies, and Inventions, which provoke
Laughter, and fometimes coft dear. The Chi-
nefes have Physicians, and tho' I have feen
fome of them Methodical, the greater number
are Empiricks; and fome of them follow the
Practice
The History of Perfia.
171
Practice of Albucaziz, altogether by Fire, ba
ting that inftead of Iron, they cauterize with
burning dry'd Herbs. It is Time we leave
this Digreffion, and return to Kefere Anuxiron.
rúxiron
forces the
He being inform'd of the Irruption made Hormoz,
by Hba Khon Chiny, fent his Son Hormoz, a. Son to A-
gainſt him, with all the Forces that could be
gather'd, who marching as expeditiously as Tatars to
was poffible, incamp'd at a fmall Diftance return
from him, whence he harrafs'd him in fuch home.
manner, by Stratagems, Alarms, and Skimi-
fhes, that, after much Damage receiv'd, he
drew off in a Confternation, quitting all he
had gain'd, and Hormoz return'd to Perfia, well
fatisfy'd with the Honour of this Succeſs
which was not fmall. TheWar with Hha Khon,
King of Tartar, being ended, Advice was
brought, that Kaled Ben Julas Guafanii, the
King of Rumeftan's General, had invaded the
Lands of Manzar, King of Arabia, his Subject,
and after making great Havock and Slaughter,
in which were fome Kindred of Menzar, was
going off with a confiderable Booty. Kefere
Anuxiron fent an Embaffador to complain of
this Wrong to the King of Rumeft an, demand-
ing Satisfaction, and that Kaled fhould be pu-
nish'd; but the Emperor made no Account of Anuxiron
his Embaffy. Hereupon Kefere Anuxiron march'd invades
with his Forces against the Empire, and en- the Empire
tering Fazirat, which is Mefopotamia, poffefs'd
himſelf of Dara, Mediney, Raba, and Kanferia ;
then penetrating into Syria, took Halep, or A-
leppo, Antioch, and other Places. In fine, he
oblig'd the King of Rumeftan to fue for Peace,
which was concluded, upon Condition, that
he should pay Anuxiron a heavy yearly Tri-
bute, and he quitted Xam, Jazirat, Keyaz,
Hyamon, Thacf, Bargre, and Homan, all Lands
3
of
172
The History of Perfia.
!
of the Empire, he had poffefs'd himſelf of du-
ring this Expedition.
Anuxiron had fome Years fince marry'd a
Has aChri- moft beautiful Chriftian Lady of Gurgistan. The
Stian Wife. fame was lately done, by Xa Abbas,now reign-
bred s
Chriſtian.
ing in Perfia [that is, when the Author writ,]
who took to Wife one of the fame Race, by
whom he has Sons and Daughters. All the
Difference between them being, that Kefere
Anuxiron was a Gentile, and Xa Abas a Mahome-
tan, of the Sect of the Xyabys. By that Chri-
ftian Woman, whom Anuxiron took much
Pains ro pervert, tho' fhe continu'd ſtedfaſt in
Her Son her Faith, he had a Son, call'd Nuxzad. The
Nuxzad Mother carefully bred him up, from his Cra-
dle, in the Evangelical Doctrine, from which
his Father could never remove him, either by
Threats, or fair Means, and being provok'd at
his Conftancy, caus'd him to be cloſe confin'd,
and very ill us'd, all which had no Effect on
his Refolution. At this Time fome Commo-
tions hapned in the Lands of Scham, which is
Syria, which Anuxiron was oblig'd to go in Per-
fon to quell. Being there, with his Army he
fell fo dangerously ill, that it was reported,
and believ'd in Perfia, he would never recover.
Nuxzed hearing of it,in hisConfinement,found
Means to eſcape, and gathering all the Chri-
ftians there were in the Kingdom, being no
fmail number, befides abundance of other Sol-
Revolts e-diers,having poffefs'd himſelf of all his Father's
gainst his Treaſures, generously diftributed them among
Father.
his Forces; putting new Governours and Gar-
rifons into the ftrong Holds of the Kingdom,
and turning out thoſe his Father had left. -
nuxiron having foon Intelligence of thefe Trou-
bles, order'd Rambarzim, his General in Hye-
şahk to march, with the greateſt Force he
could
The History of Perfia.
173
could make againft Nuxzad, and endeavour to
Rout him, and take ſpecial Care, he ſhould
not be kill'd, but only taken, if poffible, and
fecur'd in fuch honourable Manner,as became
his Perfon. Rambarzim accordingly march'd
against Nuxzad, who had made one Schamos
Rumy his General. They came to a Battel,
and Victory feem'd to incline to Nuxzad,
which Rimbarzim obferving, he prefs'd on a-
mong his Men, fighting like a private Soldier,
whereat his Army, taking feth Courage, gave
fuch a Charge, that Nuxzad's Forces were bro-
ken, and put to Flight. At this Time an Ar- Is kill'd,
row hit Nuxzed on the Breaft,and pierc'd him and dies' a
through, notwithstanding his Rich Armour, Chriftian.
of which Wound he died in a few Days.
Rambarzim was very much concern'd; but
there being noRemedy,caus'd him to be buried
in a pompous Manner after the Chriftian Fa-
fhion, he having begg'd it as his laft Requeſt
of his Mother, protefting that he died for, and
in the Faith of CHRIST. Kefere Anuxiron re- Anuxiron
cover'd of his Sicknefs, and having pacify'd India.
the Commotions in Xam, return'd to Perfia,
where all the late Diſorders being compos'd,
he recruited his Army, and made a great Ir-
ruption into India, as far as Selandive, with
whofe King he concluded a Peace, on Con-
dition he should pay him an Acknowledg
ment.
Invades
Selandive, as I faid before, is the Iland of Selandive,
Ceylon, fo call'd by the Perfians and Arabs, whe. is Ceylon.
ther it be the Trapobana of the Ancients, or no,
may be controverted by thofe it belongs to.
All things relating to this Iſland, are very well
known, fo that there is nothing new to fay of
it.
>
There are fome noted Ports in it, and Gale Port.
Gale is one of the Chiefeft, whence the Na-
tives
{
174
The History of Perfia.
thence the
tives are call'd Chingalas; becaufe when the
Chineſes Traded from China throughout the Sou-
thern Sea, that of India, and as far as Ormuzż
in the Gulph of Perfia, the King then Reign-
ing in China, perfwaded himſelf, that being
fo potent, he might poffefs himſelf of all the
Countries his Subjects fail'd to.
To this Pur-
poſe he fitted out a mighty Navy, which in a
great Storm was fhatter'd and difpers'd in-
to feveral Parts, and fome Ships arriv'd at
Chineſes Gale, where the Chineſes manag'd the Natives fo
Settle there, well, that befides admitting them to fettle
Chingalas there, they inter-married, and the Off-ſpring
of them were call'd Chingalas, which Name
afterwards extended to all the Inhabitants of
the Iſland, and they ftill retain it. Here is
alfo the Port of Chylao, which in their Lan-
Chylao
guage fignifies, a Fishery, becauſe there was
Port, and one of Pearls, being the greateft and moft ce-
Columbo. lebrated in the Univerfe; which I fhall give
an Account of, when I fpeak of Barben or Ba-
barem. In this fame Ifland is the Port of Cos
lumbo, a Town and Fortress [formerly] belong-
ing to the Portugueses, bravely defended by
them against the Kings of that Inland as were
many others mention'd in the Hiftories of In-
Product of
dia. Ceylon produces neither Gold, Silver, nor
Ceylon. any other precious Metal, nor Stones of Value,
except Cats Eyes, which are the fineft in the
World; and fome Rubies, and it is much
doubted, whether thefe be found in the land,
or brought from abroad; but it has Ivory, the
great Cardamum, much Areka, which is the
Fufel of Avicen, and what renders it moft fa-
mous, is the vaft Quantity of excellent Cin-
namon growing in it, which far furpaffes all
that grows in other Parts, and there is very
much Difference even between that which
grows
The Hiftory of Perſia.
175
Cinnamonà
grows in the very Iſland; for that is beft, which
they gather in the Woods of Columbo, and Sey-
tavaca, formerly the Habitation of the Native
Kings, fince conquer'd by the Portuguefes [and
taken from them by the Dutch, who still keep it,]
and that brought from Candea, another King-
dom of the Ifland, is of lefs Value. Next fol-
lows that which the Portuguefes call Canela do
Mato, that is, Wood, or Wild Cinnamon, the
beſt of which is that growing in the Kingdom
of Coulam, and that of Cochin not fo good.
There is alfo Cinnamon in the Iſland of Timor,
whence the White Sandal or Sanders is brought,
and in Cochinchina, whence we have the Eagle
Wood, or Lignum Aloes; as alfo in the Iſland
Mindanao, near the Moluccos, which affords no
Gold, as Couto falfly informs us, and has no-
thing but Weapons, as the Spaniards found at
the Expence of fo many Lives, under the Go-
vernour Stephen Rodriguez de Figueiroa, who
died there, that they thought fit to abandon
it. I have feen and had Cinnamon from all
thoſe Parts, brought on my Account, when I
was at Malaca; and that of Mindanao I after-
wards faw in the Philippine Islands. All thefe
Sorts are inferior to that of Ceylon, and per- Cinnamon
haps the Defect may be in not gathering, and Tree.
improving it rightly, for the Tree is every
where the fame, being like the Laurel,in Leaf,
and Berry. The Perfians and Arabs call that of
Ceylon, Dar Chiny Seylary, that is, Wood of the
Chineſes at Ceylon; becauſe the Chineſes carried
it from Ceylon to Ormuz, or Keys, and Perfia,
when they mannag'd that Trade. The wild
Cinnamon they call Kerfeh, and the China Root,
Chub Chiny. For the better Underſtanding of
what Doctor Garcia Dorta has written ſome-
what confufedly concerning Cinnamon, I muft
obferve
176
The History of Perfia.
}
mum
whence de-
riv'd.
momum
obferve that the Malayans, call Liquorice, and
Cinnamon by the fame Name, which is, Kayo
Maniz, fignifying, Sweet Wood, from Kayo,
Wood, and Maniz, Sweet, and to avoid Mi-
ftakes, they call the Cinnamon, Kayo Maniz
Selam, or fweet Wood of Ceylon, becaufe
brought from thence,and the Liquorice, Kayo
Manix Chin, fweet Wood of China, as coming
from that Country to Malaca; and becaufe
Hamama, which fignifies Pes Columbæ, or Pi-
geons Foot, and is the Amomum, was a Medi-
cin fo highly valu'd for its Virtue, therefore
confidering the Fragrancy,Sweetnefs, and Ex-
Cinamo- cellency of Cinnamon, by way of Commen-
dation, they call'd it Chin Hamama, that is Chi-
nefe Hamama, whence the Latins made Cina-
29
and this explains what Doctor Dorta
faid of the Cinnamon. Before we leave the
Woods where the Cinnamon grows in Ceylon,
I will mention the Cuftom of a certain Peo-
ple living in them, which is worth being
known. Theſe Barbarians are call'd Pachas,
dwelling in the Woods and Thickets, naked,
and feeding on the Fruit of them; but their
main Suftenance is Venifon, whereof there is
great Plenty in the Iſland, and they kill abun-
dance with their Bows and Arrows. Then
they put a great deal of Honey into the hol-
lowest Trunks of the oldeft worm-eaten Trees
they can find, and fill them quite up with that
Fleth, which they let lye there, till a Time
of Need, and then uſe it, being preferv'd in
the Honey from Corruption, and then they
take it out and eat it without any other Dref-
fing; which I thought fit to mention, as a
very ftrange Suftenance. This will feem a
Raw Fish tolerable Suftenance enough, to fuch as
fhall reflect on that of the Inhabitants of the
Venison
preferv'd
in Honey.
caten,
Iland
The History of Perfia.
177
Íſland of Nicobar, who eat the Fiſh raw, as it
is taken out of the Water, without any other
Cookery, or Seaſoning; and the Arabs living
by the Sea-fide, as was hinted before, general-
ly feed on raw dried Fish, with the Juice of
Limons, and Tamarinds, and Dates. This
is not fo bad as devouring Human Fleſh, as the
Javaneſes did, little above an hundred Years
fince, before they embrac'd Mahometaniſm ;
and the Blacks call'd Zimbas, ſtill do it; not
fparing their own People, as was feen 10
or 12 Years fince, when 70 or 80000 of them
marching in a Body, through the Inland of A-
frick, to find out the Country of India, or of
the Pannos, as they ſaid, as foon as any of their
Company fell fick, they kill'd, divided, and
eat them. Theſe People ended their Pro-
greſs at Melinde and Monbaza, being deſtroy'd
by the Portugueſes.
Blacks.
To this Purpoſe I remember a very pleafant Odd C
Atoms of
Practice of certain Blacks, Natives of thofe
Parts, who following the Exercife of Arms,
cannot be Knighted after their Manner, till
they have preſented the King with one or
more privy Members of their Enemies, flain
by them in War, as a Token of their Valour,
which done, they affign them Lands, and
Cows. Of this I am an Eye- Witnefs, and
they are call'd Moceguejos. This is fomething
like what Saul requir'd of David his Son-in-
Law, that to receive his Wife, he fhould bring
him the Fore-Skins of the Philistines. The
People of Pegu, in their Time of Declining,,
whilft I was yet in India, were reduc'd to fuch
Famine, as to keep publick Shambles of Man's
Flesh, killing one another as every one was
ftrongeft. To conclude with the Chingalas, Chingalas
they are naturally inclin'd to the Exercife of Warlike.
N
Arms,
178
The History of Perfia.
Anuxi-
Arms, in which they have, and ftill do per-
form incredible Feats, fome of which I have
ſeen. They work curiously in Ivory, and
Chryftal, of which laft the Iſland affords fome
Quantity, and make very neat Firelocks..
Thus much may fuffice of them, and their
Ifland, that I may return into Perfia, to
Anuxiron, whofe Sovereignty extended o-
ron's Do- ver the Lands of Maurenabar, Karafon, Darbend,
minions. Ahezran, Hyama, Tabarftam, Gerion, Part of In-
dia, Kermon, Parz, or Perfia, Aderbaion, Hyerak-
ben, Fazirat, Homan, as far as Hyaman in Ara-
bia, and many others towards Magareb, in Ru-
mestan, that is, in Greece, or the Provinces of
Books of the Empire of Conftantinople. In this King's
Philofophy, Time were brought out of India, into Perfia,
and Chefs,
brought out two very famous Books of Philofophy, the
of India
one call'd Kelilah, and the other Wademana,
into Perfia and the Game of Chefs, which the Indians fent
to the Perfians to reprefent the Uncertainty
and Mutability of this Life, which is a conti-
nual Warfare, and that therefore, being in per-
petual Strife, every Man ought to be direct-
ed by Prudence and Knowledge. To this,
Mirkond fays, the Perfians anfwer'd, fending
them in Return the Game of Tables, and de-
claring, that tho' Wifdom and Pindence were
requifite for the well-ordering of Life,yet there
muft be fome Affillance of Fortune, as they
might perceive by that Game. Both Indians
and Perfians ufe Chefs and Tables very much,
and many of them underftand thofe Games to
Perfection. Tho' I know how many feveral
Opinions there are concerning the firft Inven-
tion of Chefs, I fhould think it no Prefump-
tion to fay, it was firft found out in thoſe Parts;
for befides other Reafons I have for it, one is,
that in moft Places where the fame is us'd,
they
The History of Perfia.
179
they retain the fame Names the Perfians give
the feveral Pieces, or at leaft not much alter'd,
calling the King Scha, and the Queen Wazir,
being the next Perfon to the Sovereign; the
Bishop Fil, that is, Elephant; the Knight, Alp
or Faraz, that is, a Horfe; the Pawn, Peada,
fignifying, a Foot-Soldier; what we call
Check, they name Scha, which is, as it were
giving notice to the King, and for Check
Mate, they fay Schamafe, importing in their
Language, the King is Dead. Now, whereas
fome affirm, that the Game of Chefs by the
Perfians call'd Schatraak,that is the King'sGame,
or Diverſion, was invented at Babylon, it is
very reaſonable to believe, that we had it from
the Perfians, Babylon having been often, and
for a long Time fubject to Perfia, and ſo near
to it.
Kefere Anuxiron was Learned, and a Favou Kefere A-
rer of ſuch Perfons; he had many Sons, but nuxiron
none equal to Hormoz, whom he therefore en- dyes, his
Charader.
thron'd before his Death, which hapned when
he had reign'd 48 Years, ftrictly charging him
to preſerve Peace and Unity, and be kind to
his Subjects. Mirkond dilates very much upon
this King's Virtues, his Greatnefs of Mind, and
the Prosperity of Perfia under him, which I
omit for Brevity. Anuxiron had the additional
Title of Adel, on Account of his extraordi-
nary Integrity, in the Adminiftration of Ju-
ftice, a Virtue peculiar to him, for in the Per-
fian Tongue, Juftice, and a juft Man are both
call'd Adel. It will not be improper in this
Place to obferve, that as we in our Parts, be-
fides their proper Name, and the common
Title of Kings, fometimes give our Monarchs
a diftinctive Appellation, expreffing fome Vir-
tue or Vice, that prevails in them, as the Wife,
N 2
the
1.
1
1
180
the East.
The History of Perfia.
the Chafte, the Great, the Cruel, the Juft, of
Glorious Memory, and the like, fo the fame is
Titles of practis'd not only among the Kings of Perfia,
Kings in
but of other Eaſtern Parts. The Perfians call
a King Scha,or Patfcha, as alfo Sabayb,which, as
has been faid, fignifies Sovereign; and whereas
it is mention'd in the Hiftories of India, fpeak-
ing of the Taking of Goa, that the Prince of
it was call'd Sabaidalcan, it ought to be Sabayb
Aden Kan, fignifying Sovereign, and King of
Juftice. They alfo ufe another very haughty
Name, which is Kodakon, denoting fomething
of Divinity, for in the Perfian, Kodak, is God.
Thus the King of Phya affum'd a Name, figni-
fying the living God; and tho' the Perfians
call their Kings by any of the aforefaid Names,
adding any Epithets that fute them, as has
been mention'd of fome of them; when in
their Hiftories they ſpeak of foreign Kings,
they generally give them the fame Titles they
have in their own Countries, as Xar to the
King of Gurgefton, as his own Subjects do. The
Arabs call the King Sultan or Malek, the Lat-
ter whereof alfo fignifies an Angel. Some-
times they call him Xeque, which being the
Word for an Ancient Man, is more generally
apply'd to the Head, or Chief of a Town or
Hord, as we might fay a Ruler, or Petty
King. The Turks ufe Hhan or Khan or Khon,
or Begk, which we pronounce Beg, and this
laft Title is generally given to Commanders,
and Perfons in great Honour and Dignity, as
Don is among us. The People of Tatar, whom
we call Tartars, call their King Kha Khon and
Khan. The Perfians and Arabs call the Empe-
ror of Conftantinople, or of the Romans, Khon
Kor Rumy, or Kayfar Rumi, which is the fame
as Roman Cæfar. The Eaftern Gentiles ufe Rao
}
or
The History of Perfia.
181
or Raio, for the common Name of King; and
the Mahometans, befides their proper Names,
have other Appellatives left them by their
Forefathers, and continu'd as if they were
their own, like the Pharaohs, and the Ptolomeys.
Such is that of the King of Decan, where Chaul
a City belonging to the Portugueses ftands
whom we vulgarly call Niza Maluco, inftead
of Nezab al Moluco, fignifying the Spear, that
is, the Defence of the Kingdom. They alfo
call him Malek, that is King, and the Portu-
guefes corruptly Melik. This Word puts me
in mind of the Etymology of the Herb Phy-
ficians call Melilot, and the Vulgar Kings Crown,
which ſeems to be deriv'd from its Arabick
Name, Equelilal Malek, being the fame thing.
The King of Cunhan or Balagate in India,where
the City of Goa ftands, is call'd Adel Khan or
Adel Scha, importing King, or Lord of Juftice,
and the Portugueses corruptly name him Dial-
can or Hidalcan. The proper Name of the Mo-
narch, whom we.call the Great Mogol is Gela-
ladin, and his Appellative Akbar. Kebar in A-
rabick is Great, and the A fet before it, is a
negative Prepoſition, both which join'd toge-
ther import Matchlefs, being the fame Expref-
fion the Arabs ufe for God, faying, Alah Ke-
bar Akebar, which is, Great matchless God, and
fo Gelaledin is call'd Akbar. In that Part of A-
frick by the Portuguefes call'd Cafraria, or the
Land of the Cafres, they have two common
Names for their Princes; the firft of them is
Munne, very like that they have in Congo and
Angola, where they call their Prince or Lord
Manni; the other is Mongana, ard I remember
that, when in thofe Parts, I knew one Manga-
na Bolay Agy, who was of the Blood Royal,
and therefore fil'd Mongana; Bolay was his
N 3
· proper
182
The History of Perfia.
Hor Toz's
proper Name, and Agi imports fanctify'd. Be-
cauſe this is a ridiculous Blindnefs and comi-
cal Story, or indeed rather to be pity'd and
lamented, I will relate it. All the Mabome-
tans believe, and look upon it as an undoubted
Truth, that fuch of them as go in Pilgrimage
to Mecca, and are there at the folemn Feftival,
kept in September; whatſoever they be, are
fanctify'd, and fafe, and need do no more to
go to Heaven, and therefore they give all fuch
the Name of Agy, many of whom I have
known, and among them, one that was Por-
ter to King Ferragus Scha. His Name was A-
mir Hamed Agy, who liv'd very contented on
Account of his Pilgrimage, looking upon his
Salvation as moft certain. I us'd to ask him,
If he thought fo why he labour'd, and took
any more Pains, in going to the Mofque, per-
forming the Sala and Kamaz, which is their
Prayers, and Fafting their Ramadan. He an-
fwer'd, He had no need of doing it for himself, but
did it for others, who bad not merited fo much, or
obtain'd that Mercy. Such is the Darkneſs, and
Stupidity thofe Wretches live in. The Rea-
der I hope will pardon this Digreffion, and
we will proceed to treat of Hormoz, who after
the Death of his Father Kefere Anuxiron afcend-
ed the Throne of Perfia.
!
CHA P. XXXVI,
Of Hormoz or Hormifda, the 32th King
of Perfia.
Ho
ORMO Z, the Son Kefere Anuxiron, by
a Daughter of the King of Tatar or
Tyrany. Tartary, fucceeded his Father in the Kingdom
of
The History of Perfia.
183
Conftan-
of Perfia. He was before accounted a good
Prince, but chang'd his Behaviour with his
Fortune, becoming Cruel, Vicious and Ty-
rannical, and being fuch, begun to grow jea-
lous, and that he might have none to fear, put
to Death all the great Men in his Dominions,
and depriv'd all Judges of their Employments,
thinking it indecent that there should be any
other Judge befides himfelf. It is pofitively
affirm'd, that during the first twelve Years of
his Government, he flew 13000 Men of Note
in his Dominions, befides a great Number not
reckon'd, and many voluntarily banish'd them-
felves, to be out of the Reach of that Plague.
The Emperor of Conftantinople, underſtanding Emperor of
how Affairs ſtood in Perfia, would not let fl.p tinople
that Opportunity of recovering the Lands invades
that had belong'd to the Empire, but arm'd Perfia.
and unexpectedly invaded the Territories of
Nacibea, which according to the Perſian Tra-
dition is Ninive, by them, and the Arabs now
call'd Moful in Diarkek or Karamite, which
they look upon as undoubted, affirming it was
thither that Pebbanber went to Preach, fo the
Perfians call a Prophet, and the Arabs Naby.
who being caft into the Sea, was fwallow'd
by a great Fish. If this be fo, Ninive was ne-
ver quite deftroy'd, for the City ftill flo:ifhes
and is very thriving. The Emperor being come
into the Territory of Nacibon, fent to acquaint
Hormoz, that in cafe the Lands belonging to
the Empire, were reftor'd to him, he would
return, without doing any Harm. The An-
fwer not being fatisfactory, he proceeded far-
ther ravaging all Armenia and Aderbajon; and
fending two of his Generals call'd Abas Awal,
and Homeu Azarek, with a fufficient Force a-
gainft Babylon, and its Territory, which they
N 4
utter-
184
The History of Perfia.
Xabaxa utterly ruin'd and deftroi'd. Schabaxa, Unkle to
the Tartar Hormoz, as being his Mothers Brother, was King
invades
Perfia,
of Tatar orTartary, who feeing the Diftrefs his
Nephew was in, rais'd an Army of 400000
Men, not to affift him,but to conquer his Do-
minions, paffing the River Jehun, and ſubdu-
ing Karafon. Hormoz was then fenfible of his
Folly, and felt the Want of fo many great
Men he had caus'd to be flain. In this Con-
fufion, he affembled his Council, where it was
refolv'd, that the Emperor of Rumeftan fhould
have the Lands he demanded reftor'd him. ;
Peace with and that Side being fecur'd, they fhould con-
the Greek vert their Arms against the Tartar. This was
Emperor.
accordingly done, and they fent for one Ba-
baron Chuby, a Perfian Commander, then Go-
vernour on the Frontiers of Armenia, and the
bravest Man then known. He being come
to Court prepar'd without lofing Time, to
march against Schabaxa Hha Khon Chiny, and
tho' offer'd a numerous Army, would not
take along with him above 12000 experienc'd
Soldiers, all of them between 30 and 40 Years
of Age. Babaron Chuby was much cenfur'd,
for prefuming to march againft fo potent an
Enemy, with fo fmall a Force; but he be-
hav'd himſelf ſo well, that foon after News
was brought of a gat Slaughter he had made
routed by of the Tartars, with the Death of their King.
Baharon. They rallying fet up his Son, who continu'd
the War, with no better Succeſs; for after ſe-
veral ſmall Actions, he was overthrown, and
taken. Babaron Chuby having thus deftroy'd
the Tartars,took 250 Camels loaded with Mo-
ney, Gold and Silver, befides much more va-
luable Booty, which he fent by his Son to
King Hormoz; by whom thefe and all his
other good Services were ill rewarded, for the
Tartars
Ma-
The History of Perfia.
18
He is im-
Malice of Babaron's Enemies prevailing, he
caus'd him to be fecur'd at his Return. Baba- prifonid,
ron was highly provok'd at this Ingratitude, and escapes
and finding Means to eſcape, refolv'd to be
reveng'd, perfwading Khozrao Parves, eldeſt
Son to Hormoz, fince he was of Right, Heir
to the Crown, to enter upon the Poffeffion
immediately. Khozrao gave Ear to him, coin-
ing Money in his own Name, with his Arms,
and calling himſelf King of Perfia. Two Un-
cles by his Mothers Side fupported him, the
one call'd Bandukye, the other Boftam. Hormoz,
being inform'd of theſe Practices, thought to
have diſappointed them,by fecuring their Per-
fons, but they knowing it, prevented it by
Flight. Khozrao Parvez went away into Ar- Hormcz
menia, and thence to Aderbaion; the King's two depos'd,
Brothers in Law were taken, but breaking the
Priſon, gather'd all the Strength they could, ont.
fell fuddenly upon Hormoz, took him, and put
out his Eyes. Khozrao Parvez hearing what
had happen'd, return'd into Perfia, and after
Gaufing himself to be receiv'd as King, begg'd
Pardon of his Father, who granted it, on Con-
dition he should punish thofe who had put
out his Eyes, which he promis'd, but did not
perform, till well fettled on the Throne.
and his
Eyes pur
In the mean while, Babaron Chuby having Khozrao
rais'd a confiderable Army, began to range defeated by
through Perfia, with a Deſign to make himfelf Baharon.
Mafter of it, Khozrao Parvez met him, was
overthrown, and fled to Conftantinople, attend-
ed by his two Uncles, who advis'd him to lef-
fen the number of his Enemies, cutting off his
Father, that he might have lefs to fear. Khez-
roa Parves giving no Ear to their Advice, and
they fearing there was no Safety for them
whilft Hormoz liv'd, made an Excufe to with-
**
*
draw
1
186
The History of Perfia.
Hormoz
draw themſelves from Parvez, and going
Arangled. where Hormoz was, ftrangled him with a Bow-
ftring, and thus ended Hormoz. Khozroa Par-
vez, who, as has been faid, fled to Rumestan,
after being defeated by Babaron Chuby, manag'd
his Buſineſs fo well there, that the Emperor
not only gave him his Daughter to Wife, but
100000 Men, under the Conduct of his Son,
whom the Perfians call Benathas, for the Reco-
very of his Dominions; and in Return Khoz-
rao Parvez prefented him with a large Piece of
our Saviour's Crofs, his Father Hormoz had.
With thofe Forces Khozrao fet forward, and
was joyn'd by his Uncle Bandukye. Babaron
Chuby, who by fome is reckon'd among the
Kings of Perfia, met him, and, three of his
Prime Officers came forward, challenging a-
ny other three. Parvez arm'd himſelf, and
went out against them alone, much againft his
Brother-in-Law's Will. They fought Man to
Man, and Khozao behav'd himſelf fo bravely,
that he overcame them all one after another,
which Babaron Chuby's Men admiring, they for-
fook him, and went over, and he thus aban-
don'd, quitted Perfia, and fled into Turkeftam,
where he ferv'd Aba Khon Chiny, and was af-
terwards kill'd.
Kofrao
executed
CHA P.
XXXVII.
Of Khofrao Parvez, or Cofroes, the 33th
King of Perfia.
KH
HOSRAO Parvez having furmounted
all his Misfortunes, and being peaceably
his Fathers feated on the Throne of Perfia, remember'd
Murderers. the Promife he had made his Father, and ſe-
curing his Unkles Boftam and Bandukye, who
had
The History of Perfia.
187
had murder'd him, caus'd them to be executed
in a dreadful Manner. In the 14th Year of his
Reign, the Greeks rebelling againft their Em- Rebellion
of Greeks.
peror, kill'd him and his Son Benathus, who as
was faid had accompany'd Khofrao into Perfia,
another Brother of his narrowly Efcaping to
Khozrao, who receiv'd and entertain'd him
very honourably, and raiſing a numerous Ar-
my put him at the Head of it, with able Ge-
nerals, to recover his Empire. They march'd
through Syria and Palestine, towards Conftanti-
nople, ravaging the Country, taking and de-
ftroying infinite numbers of People. The
Greeks, after the Murder of their Emperor, had
enthron'd one Ariol, that is, Heraclius, a Man
of fingular Wiſdom and Valour, who hearing Defeat of
of the Approach of the Perfians, rais'd Forces, Perfians.
march'd, and fought them, killing 10000 in
the firft Battel, the Reft flying till they return'd
into Perfia. About the 30th Year of Khozao's
Reign, the wicked Impoftor Mahomet appear'd
in Arabia, affuming the Title of a Prophet,
and under that ufurp'd Denomination, writ to
feveral Princes and great Men in thoſe Parts,
befeeching and requiring them in the Name
of God, to receive and embrace his falfe Do-
arine. Among the Reft he writ to, Khezrao
Parvez was one, but fo far from giving any
Ear to his Enthufiafms, that he spoke the worlt
that could be of him.
The Original of that infernal Wretch Ma- Mahomets
homet being fo well known, it will be needlefs first Rife.
to ſpend much Time in fpeaking of it; how-
ever, conſidering how much they differ, who
pretend to write of it, I will with my ufual
Brevity deliver what I feveral times heard
from the Perfians and Arabs, which is, That
Mahomet was an Arab without any Mixture,
no
188
The History of Perfia.
Khczrao's
no Slave, but free, and when a Boy, ferv'd a
Merchant, going with him to Fairs, from one
Place to another. Seeing him once upon a
Journey, without any Shelter againſt the
fcorching Heat of the Sun, he caus'd a fately
Tree to fprout up, on a fudden to fhade him,
which we may fuppofe was the Work of the
Devil. His Mafter having ſeen this Wonder,
and others they tell held him in great Efteem
for the future. His Reputation ftill increa-
fing, the Mafter hapned to dye, and he mar-
ry'd his Miſtreſs. She was rich and of good
Parentage, which much enhanc'd the Opinion
conceiv'd of his Sanctity. Upon thefe Mo-
tives, and his own Natural Subtilty he ground-
ed his wild Sect, falling one Day unexpected-
Jy with thofe of his Faction, upon the Idols
the Arabs ador'd, which he caft down and beat
in Pieces, teaching the People to adore one
onely God of Heaven; yet mixing with it all
the Venom contain'd in his Alcoran; fome-
times using Force, and fometimes Art, which
they call Knowledge and Revelations, thus to
bring about the Mifchiefs, he and his Follow-
ers have brought upon the World; God in his
juft and infcrutable Judgments permitting
it. This is what the Perftans and Arabs gene-
rally fay of his firſt Rife.
To return to our Hiftory, Khozrao Parvez
Dream. being in the City of Madakem, one Night
dreamt, that the faid City was wall'd round,
and had 11 Towers about it, all which de-
cay'd, and fell to the Ground, one after ano-
ther, till the City was left open. He awak'd
out of his Dream in much Fear and Confuſion,
call'd his Aftrologers, and Soothsayers, defi-
ring they would expound his Dream. One
among the reft told him, That the 11 Towers
were
The History of Perfias
189
were fo many Kings or Governours of Perfia,
that were to fucceed him, after whom that
Monarchy of Perfia would fall. This put
Khozrao upon contriving Means, to prevent
that Ruin, which he could not; but among
other Extravagancies, believing that might be
occafion'd by Difcord betwixt his Sons, he
caus'd them all to be apprehended, ordering
that none of them fhould be permitted to talk,
or converfe with any Body, not fo much as
with their own Wives and Children. Xarear,one
of them, befides his other Wives, had one he fin-
gularly lov'd for her extraordinary Beauty,her
Name Xerin, which in the Perfian Tongue pro-
perly fignifies Sweet, tho' it is vulgarly taken
for any thing that is excellent, and according-
ly they fay, Doney Xerin, a perfect fine Pearl,
whence, the Portuguefes call fine Pearls, Aljofar
Xerino. There is a Book in the Perfian Tongue,
in moft ingenious Verfe, full of noble Flights,
and call'd Khoz,rao Xerin, highly valu'd by the
Perftans, as it well deferves, and the whole
Subject of it is another Lady call'd Xerin, and
the mighty things done for her Sake by two
Lovers ; the one of them a Prince, whofe
Name was Khozrao, but not this we now write
of, the other one Ferat, a Perſon of a lower
Rank. Xarear thinking on his Xerin, was much
afflicted that he could not fee her, and Love
being full of Invention and Contrivance, he
found one to eafe his Pain. He counterfeited
Sickneſs, wanted to be Blooded, Xerin came
difguis'd like a Surgeon, was admitted into
the Priſon, and from that Interview ſhe prov'd
with Child, and was deliver'd of a Son, who
was call'd Yazdgerd, and bred up in his Grand-
father Kbozrao Parvez's Court, till the Age of
5 Years, without his Knowledge. Being then
told
190
The History of Perfia.
told of it, he would have kill'd him, and was
very pofitive in his Refolution; yet the Mo-
ther faid fo much, and ſhed ſuch abundance
of Tears, that the prevail'd, he ſhould not be
Yazd gerd murder'd there, but expos'd in the Woods to
expos'd to wild Beafts. This is to be obferv'd, and car-
wildBeafts ried in Mind, for the better Underſtanding of
what shall foon be faid at the End of this firft
Part. Old Age, and Fear of lofing his Crown
made Khozrao Parvez fufpicious, timorous,
cruel, covetous, haughty and hateful to his
Subjects, of whom he order'd many to be
flaughter'd, without any other Reafon or Pro-
vocation, but his own Fancy; among whom
was Keaman, Grand-fon to Manzar, who had
done him confiderable Service. Khozrao Par-
vez had reign'd 38 Years, when the Perfians,
no longer able to endure his Tyranny, unani-
mouſly depos'd, and deliver'd him up into the
Cuftody of a trufty Commander, enthroning
his Son Kebad Schirughe in his Stead. This hap-
ned in the 9th Year of the Mahometan Era,
A.Ch.631. call'd Hegira, which was much about 631 of
CHRIST. Khofrao Parvez is the fame we
call Cofdroes and Areol, above mention'd, as
King of Rumeftam, is the Emperor Heraclius.
Kobad
murders bis
CHAP.
XXXVIII.
Of Kobad Schirughe, or Siroes, the 34th
King of Perfia.
TH
HE Perfians, thinking to mend them-
felves, having depos'd Khozao Parvez,
Father and and enthron'd his Son Kobad Schirughe, ſoon re-
Brothers. pented; for as foon as he found himſelf fixt,
the
The Hiftory of Perfia.
191
A Traitor
the firſt thing he contriv'd, among other Enor-
mities, was to murder his Father, then a Pri-
foner, and yet as bad as he had been, and fo
much hated by all Men, there was none that
would embrue his Hands in his Biood. How-
ever fome time after,one Merche Ormoz, Son to
one Mordomſcha, whom Parvez had order'd to
be flain, undertook the Deed. This Man en-
tering the Priſon, where Khozrao Parvez lay,
without any other Ceremony accofted him
with thefe Words: It is Just to kill him that
kill'd my Father, and fo ftruck off his Head; condemns
then returning to the King, well pleas'd with himſelf.
the Action, and telling him what he had faid
and done; Kobad repeated the fame Words,
It is Fuft that I kill him who kill'd my Father, and
caus'd him to be put to Death. Kebad being
thus deliver'd from the Burden of a Father,
which he thought lay heavy upon him,thought
fit alfo to rid himfelf of his Brothers, and ac-
cordingly gave Orders to his Wazirs or Viziers,
and Governours, who executed them fo pun-
Atually, that of 15 Brethren he had, none el-
cap'd, but two Sifters were fav'd on Accountof
their Sex. This was follow'd by fo great a
Famine, and Peftilence, as reduc'd Perfia to
Extremity: Thefe Miferies and Calamities
encourag'd Kobad's two Sifters, the eldeft call'd
Turondoct, and the younger Azarmydoct, to re-
prove him feverely, alledging, That God
fcuorg'd them fo heavily, and yet threatned
worfe for his Sins and Enormities, and parti-
cularly for the bafe Murder of his Father and
Brothers; and therefore bid him repent, and
mend his Life, and to fear God, and be a-
fham'd of his Impiety. Thefe and fuch other
Expreffions deliver'd by Khobad Xiruybe's Si-
fters, made fuch an Impreffion, and were fo
much
1
The History of Perfia.
192
much reſented by him, that he fell fick with
mere Anguiſh of Mind, and foon dy'd, having
reign'd but eight Months, leaving only one
Son an Infant, call'd Ardxir Schirughe,who fuc-
ceeded him in the Throne.
Ardxir
murder'd
CHA P. XXXIX.
Of Ardxir Schirughe, the 35th King
of Perfia.
A
RDXIR Schirughe was but feven Years
of Age, when he fucceeded his Father
by Xarear. Kobad. One Scharear, a Kinſman of his, other-
wife call'd Gher Khan, at that Time Gover-
nour of the Province of Agem, hearing that
an Infant was proclaim'd, and thinking that a
proper Opportunity, gather'd all the beft For-
ces he could, and coming to Court, upon
very flight Pretences, murder'd the Child, and
many others that attempted to defend him, and
ufurp'd the Kingdom, with the Affiftance of
the Soldiers he brought with him. Ardſchir
Schirughe enjoy'd the Title of King 50 Days.
Xarear
kill'd.
CHA P. XL.
Of Scharear, or Siahriar, Ufurper of Perfia,
reckned the 36th King.
SCH
CHAREAR having deſtroy'd Ardfchir,as
has been faid, poffefs'd himſelf of Perfia,
in fpight of all that oppos'd him, and tho' he
us'd all poffible Means to gain the good Will
of the great Men of the Nation, he could ne-
ver
The History of Perfia.
193
ver prevail. There were three Brothers then
at Court, Men of Birth, and Soldiers of Va-
lour, who were much concern'd, and could
not bear, that a Tyrant of fuch fmall Power,
fhould keep them under. Upon this Motive
they confpir'd to kill him, as they did, wait-
ing one Day till he was taking Horſe, at the
Gate, where they laid hold, threw down, and
ftabb'd him in feveral Places; being affifted
by the Multitude, who long'd to be rid of him.
This hapned when he had reign'da Year, tho
fome fay but 40 Days.
CHA P. XLI.
Of Joon, the 37th King of Perfia.
TH
HE Perfans being deliver'd from the Joon dyes.
Tyranny of Scharear, beftow'd the Crown
on Foon Schir, of the Family of the former
Kings; his Name fignifying, a beautiful Lion,
or a Lion-like Youth: He was Nephew to
Bakaron Chuby, who made War on Khozrao
Parvez, and gave Hopes he might have prov'd
a generous Prince, had not Death cut him off,
when he had reign'd but one Year.
CHA P. XLII.
Of Turon Doct, Queen of Perfia, the 38th
in the Royal Defcent.
TUR
Dokt rules
well, and
URON Doct, eldeft Daughter to Khoz- Turon
rao Parvez, fucceeded Foon Schir. Turon
is the proper Name of a Woman, and Doc in
O
dyes.
the
194
The History of Perfia.
Jafance-
dah de-
pos'd.
the Perfian, fignifies a Maiden, or Virgin, as
Dokter does a Sifter. This was a wife and
prudent Queen, pacify'd her Kingdom, má-
kingExamples of feveral turbulent Perfons that
diffurb'd ic, reftor'd Juſtice, rebuilt many pub-
lick Structures ruin'd by Time, made one of
the three Brothers that had kili dScharear Prime
Wazir, or Vizier, maintain'd Peace, and Amity
with the King of the Rumes, or Emperor of
Conftantinople; and at the Time the Perfians
were highly pleas'd with her, fhe was fnatch d
away by Death, having reign'd but 16 Months.
CHA P. XLIII,
Of Jafancedah, the 39th Monarch
of Perfia.
U
PON the Death of Turon Dokt the Per-
fians conferr'd the Kingdom on Jafan-
cedah, of the Blood Royal, about whofe Ele-
&tion there was much Strife; and being at laſt
admitted, when they came to put the Tage,
or as we may call it, the Crown on his Head,
he faid, It was very heavy, and did not fit
him. Some affirm, he faid it in Reference to
the Weight of the Government, others, that
it was out of mere Ignorance; However it
was, the Perfians, who were diffatisty'd with
him, made this a Motive to difpoffefs him,
which they did in a fhamful Manner, when
he had reign'd but 6 Days.
CHAP
The History of Perfia.
195
CHA P. XLIV.
Of Azarmy Dokt, Queen of Perfia, and
the 40th Sovereign.
to Death
Afancedah being depos'd, the Government
was committed to Azarmy Dokt, younger
Daughter to Kbozrao Parvez, and Sifter to Tu-
ron Dokt, a moft beautifull and understanding
Lady. Ferrog Hormoz, a famous Commander Ferrog put
had govern'd the Province of Karafon, ever
for court-
fince the Reign of Khozrao Parvez; he hearing the
ing the Fame of Azarmy Dokt, and invited by Queen.
the Difpofition of the Affairs of the Kingdom,
left a Son he had in his Place, and went away
to Court, to make Love to the New Queen,
which he did with ſo much Importunity and
Preſumption, that he to fave her Honour,
was oblig❜d to order him to be put to Death,
which was accordingly executed. The News
of his End, being carry'd into Karafon the
Son he had left there in his Stead, was fo in-
rag'd, that he march'd into Perfia with a nu- His Soni
merous Army, and furprifing the Court, put murders
the Queen to a cruel Death, notwithſtanding
the many Intreaties made, and Tears fhed for
her. She govern'd but fix Months.
CHA P. XLV.
Of Kefere, the 41th King of Perfia.
KE
ber.
ESERE, whofe Father Jafancedah, we
faid before, had been depos'd for Inca-
pacity, was proclaim'd King, after the Mur- Kefere
der of Azarmy Dokt. He proving no wifer murder'&.
02
than
}
196
The History of Perfia.
than his Father, nor his Government, or Life
any better, by his Indifcretion, gave his Sub-
jects Occaſion to murder him alfo in a very
few Days.
CHA P. XLVI.
Of Ferrogzad, the 42th King of Perfia.
IT
T was faid in the Reign of Kobad Schirugke,
that he murder'd his Father and 15 Bro-
thers, which caus'd all that were a kin to him,
and could eſcape, to fly, for Fear of their
Lives, fome of whom return'd into Perfia after
Ferrogzad his Death, and among them Ferrigzad, Son to
puifon'd.
Kobad, and Grand-fon to Khozrao Parvez, who
being known, was declar'd King, and would
have been a good one, as appear'd by the ſhort
Time of his Reign, which was not above a
Month, at the End of which he was poiſon'd
by a Slave of his own.
CHA P. XLVII.
Of Yazdgerd, the 43th and last King
of Perfia, of this Race.
T was mention'd in the Life of Khozrao
I T
Parvez, that he having caft all his own
Sons into Prifon, one of them,call'd Scharear,
had there by his Wife Scherin, a Son call'd Yard-
gerd, who being afterwards found out by his
Grand-father was expos'd to wild Beafts. He
being left in a Wood, by thofe that had been
entrufted, was found by fome Shepherds, who
took
The History of Perfia.
197
tookCompaffion on him,and bred him up, with-
out knowing who he was; but fome time after
his Birth and Defcent came to be known, and
he encourag'd by it, went away to Court, in
fuch good Time, that being acknowledg'd, he
was proclaim'd King of Perfia, and govern'd
19 Years; at the End whereof, the Period of
that Monarchy being now come, there came
vaft Multitudes of Turks out of Turon, or Tur-
keftan, who entring Kabaoand, deſtroy'd all
thoſe Countries, obliging Yazdgerd, that went
out to meet them to retire to Karafon. There
he receiv'd Advice, that the Arabs, Mahomet's
Commanders, invaded his Dominions on the
other Side. He march'd againſt, and ſoon
came near them, but return'd to Karafon with-
out Fighting, where he dy'd fuddenly, having
been King 20 Years, and the laft of the Per-
fians defcended from Kayumarraz. In him
ended that Perfian Monarchy, and was tranſ-
ferr'd to the Kalifs, Succeffors to Mahomet,
who fetled their Court at Kufa, and next ac
Bagadad, or Bagdat, as will appear in the Se-
cond Book of this Hiftory, which follows with
the fame Brevity as this Firft.
The END of the first Book.
THE
03
198
THE
HISTORY
OF
PERSI A.
BOOK II.
CHAP. I.
Which of the Arabs, and at what Time they
Jubdu'd Perfia.
T
HE Irruption of the Arabs into
Perfia, put all Things there into
fuch Confufion and Diſorder,
that a thouſand Difficulties muft
needs occur in giving an Ac-
count of them. I fhall there-
fore endeavour, as far as may be, to avoid all
Controverfy, not departing from my intended
Brevity, and following as hitherto, Tarik Myr-
kond, and his Method, only laying down the
Succeffion of the Kings, according to my Pro-
mife in the Beginning of this Work, reducing
into a ſmall Compafs, what he delivers at large
in
The History of Perfia.
199
in confiderable Volumes, whofe Style and Au-
thority has the firft Place among the Perfian
Writers.
33
A.Ch.655-
Abubakar
To follow the faid Author, according to
the Chronology of that Nation, Perfia fell un-
der the Dominion of the Arabs in the Year
of the Hegira, which is the Mahometan Era, or
Computation of Time, wherein there feems
to be fome Difference between the Perfians
and the Arabs. It being a Matter of much
Difficulty exactly to reconcile the diffe-
rent Chronologies, I fhall always therein
follow our Hiftorian, placing the Year of our
Lord in the Margin, upon the moft remar-
kable Occurrences, according to the beſt of
my Knowledge, freely fubmitting my Judg-
ment to any better Opinion. Mirkond tells us,
that Mahamed, whom we vulgarly call Mabo-
met, reign'd ten Years, and he dying, after
much Strife, was fucceeded by Abubakar, with
the Title of Kalefab or Calif, which was firft
given to him, and then continu'd to all his firt Calif.
Succeffors. Being to ſpeak of the Kalefaks or
Califs, and the Califfhip, it will be convenient,
before we proceed any farther, to explain the
Meaning of that Title, which came from thofe
Tyrants, erecting their Sovereignty under the
fpecious Pretence of Zeal for Religion and
Sanctity, who therefore took to themfelves
Names, denoting their Pride and Hpocrify, as
is that of Kalefah or Calif, properly fignifying What Ca-
what in Latin we call, A Deo Datus, given by lif figni-
God,or the Gift of God, which the Turks and fes.
Perfians call, Quoda verdy, or Ala verdy, being
the fame Thing, and a Name very proper con-
fidering their Actions, for they feem to have
been given by God, for a Scourge to all thoſe
Nations they have conquer'd. I know, there
O 4
are´
200
The History of Perſia.
Homar the
Perfia,
Aly the
4th.
are thofe that give it another Interpretation,
but this is the true one, taken from the Ara-
bick Root, and the Matter being of no great
Confequence, needs not be further contro-
verted. To return to the Courſe of our Hi-
ftory.
Abubakar held the Government two Years
2d Calif and a half, and he dying was fucceeded by
fubdues Homar, who held it 10 Years and a half,
at the End whereof he enter'd Perfia, and
fubdu'd it, in the Reign of Yazdgerd, the laſt
King, as was faid in the firft Book. From
this Time the Califs are reckon'd Sove-
reigns of Perfia; but it is to be obſerv'd, that
the Califs here ĺpoken of are thofe of Bagadad
or Bagdat, by the Mahometans reckoned Maho-
met's true Succeffors. Homar dying, Oſman or
Ofman the Otman fucceeded in that Empire, as third Ca-
3d.
lif, and held st 1 Years and a half. After
him follow'd Aly, by the Perfians call'd Morts
Aly, Nephew, and Son in Law to Mahomet,
who having rul'd 4 Years and a half, was
murder'd by one of his own Servans, at the
City Cufa in Arabia. His Body was bury'd in
the Defert, as I have obferv'd in the Relation
of my Journey from India to Italy. Upon his
Death there enfu'd great Diftractions among
the Arabs, about the Succeffion to the Calif
Acem the ship, fome being for Acem or Hacem, Son to the
deceas'd Aly; and others for Marwya, Son to
Safion, the Son of Harb, of the Hord or Tribe
of Benbumyx, and after much Contention, the
Califfhip was conferr'd on Acem, who enjoy'd
it but 6 Months, and Mawya fucceeded; of
whom we fhall fpeak in the next Chapter,
nothing remarkable having occurr'd in Perfia
during this Time.
stb.
$
4
CHAP
The History of Perfia.
201
CHA P. II.
Of Mawya the 6th Calif and Sovereign
of Perfia.
A
CEM, the Son of Aly, and Grand-fon
to Mahomet, being dead, the Califfhip
devolv'd upon Mawya, the Son of Safion, the
Son of Harb, of the Hord, or Tribe of Eben
Aumya, in the 41 Year of the Hegira, who was An. 662.
unanimously receiv'd, and acknowledg'd by
all the Mahometans. Tho' he undertook very
confiderable Wars, during his Reign, there was
none worth ſpeaking of in Perfia One Abda-
la Zyad, a famous Commander, had been ve-
ry affifting to him in his Pretenfions, to re-
ward which Service he gave him the Sove-
reignty of the City Bazora, feated near the
Conflux of the two Rivers Tigris and Euphra-
tes, where they fall jointly into the Gulph of
Perfia, as fhall be faid in another Place. Maw-
ya held the Califfhip 20 Years, and dy'd în An. 682.
the 61th of the Hegira, leaving his Son Thezid
in his Place.
CHA P. III.
Of Yhezid, the 7th Calif and Sovereign
of Perfia.
YH
HEZID fucceeded his Father Maaya
in the Califfhip, and confequently in
the Sovereignty of Perfia. Ocem, Son to Aly,
Grand-fon to Mahomet, and, Brother to Acem,
made War on him, and was kill'd in the Plains
of
Yhezid
killsOcem
$
The History of Perfia.
202
Abdala
Zuber
wars on
of Kalbelab, where the City Mexet Ocem now
ftands, in which I was, being founded in that
Defert, out of Devotion to his Tomb. Abda-
la Zuber, an Arabian Commander, pretending
to revenge the Death of Ocem, took up Arms
againſt rhezid, and mantain'd a bloody War
bim, and against him, as long as he liv'd, his whole
profpers. Reign being but 3 Years. After his Death,
he made a greater Progrefs, poffeffing himfelf
of Arabia, Perfia, Aderbajon and Karafon, when
he return'd to Egypt, and thence to Mecca, a
City in Arabia, and a noted Port on the Red
Sea, and what hapned to him, we fhall fay
685. hereafter. Mawya fucceeded his Father The-
zid, in the Year 64 of the Hegira.
An
Mawya
Marwan
Catifs.
CHA P. IV.
Mawya,, the 8th Calif and Sovereign
of Perfia, foon depos'd.
M4
AWY A, 2d Son to Thezid, and Grand-
fon to Mawya the first, was upon his
be 2d and Father's Death promoted to the Califfhip, and
depos'd again 40 Days after, by the Multi-
tude, on Account of his Incapacity. Great
Strife enfu'd about chufing another Calif, there
being many Pretenders to it; but at length it
was carry'd by Marwan, then Son of Akam E-
ben Humya, near Kinfman to the depos'd Calif,
who being at Damafcus during thofe Confu-
ſions, had ufurp'd that Title and Sovereignty,
and being ftrongly fupported by Abdala Zyad,
who we faid was made Lord of Bazora, fix'd
himſelf on the Throne.
CHAP.
The History of Perfia.
203
CHAP. V.
Marwan, 9th Calif. The Arabs make War
on him, and destroy Cufa; he marches
against and overthrows them, and at his
Return is murder'd by his Wife.
M
Arwan, Kirfman to Mawya, and of
his own Tribe, obtain'd the Calif-
ſhip at 80 Years of Age. He was not fo uni-
verfally acknowledg'd, but that great Forces
of Arabs of Mecca oblig'd him to take the
Field who refuting to own him, were for
transferring that Empire to the Defcendants
of Ali, locking on all others as Ufurpers. To
this Purpoſe, a great Multitude of them took
up Arms againft Marwan, under the Com-
mand of one Soliman Ben Moraeb; and after
ranging about, attack'd Cufa, then a famous Cufa Cis
City in Arabia, and chief Refidence of the destroy'd.
Califs, now extind, which they deftroy'd,
making a terrible Slaughter of all they found
of the Tribe of Benbumya, of which Mar-
wan was; who, being inform'd of the Ene-
mies Deſign and March, mov'd towards and
meeting them at Orfa, a City in Mefopotamia,
fo call'd at prefent, as alto Raha, and for-
merly Ur, where the Chaldeans would have
burnt the Patriarch Abraham, for owning and
worshipping only one God, he fought and
routed them, killing Soliman their General.
Marwas having obtain'd this Victory, re-
turn'd home well pleas'd; but his Wife was
not fo, being much griev'd at the Death of
Soliman, and many more of her near Relati-
ons ૭ and to eafe her felf of that Trouble,
and
204
The History of Perfia.
and at once revenge her many Kindred flain
in the War, when they were both a Bed to-
gether at Night, and he afleep, fhe ftrangled
Aun, 686. him, when he was 81 Years of Age, and
had reign'd a Year, in that of the Hegira 65.
His Son Abdel Malek fucceeded him.
CHAP. VI.
Abdel Malek, 10th Calif; the Schijahis
make War on him in Perfia with vari-
ous Success, and other Accidents till his
Death.
Bdel Malek, Son to the late Marwan,
He liv'd not
long in Peace,for a Commander of the Schya-
bis, who are the Followers of Aly, whoſe
Name was Moktar Eben Ebiabed Sacafy, foon
made War on him, fupported by one Ibra-
bim Afchtor, who marching into Hyerak, pof-
fefs'd themſelves of it; as alfo of Aderbaion,
Diarbek and Awa, Kingdoms and Provinces
of Perfia and Mefopotamia, all which fided
with them in this Undertaking, wherein ſuch
Cruelty was us'd, that no Perfon whatſoever
of the oppofite fide, whether great or fmall,
was fpar'd. Abdel Malek march'd againſt
The Califs them with 70000 good fighting Men, and
after fome time fpent in the Field, gave the
Command of his Army to Abdala Ziad, for
him to feek them out, as he did, and met
Ibrahim Afchtor,whom he fought, and was him-
felf defeated and kill'd, after he had been
14 Years Lord of Bazora. Mokter conferr'd
the Government of the Lands of Jazirey,
which
A fucceeded his Father.
Army
Foxted.
L
The History of Perfia.
205
which is Mefopotamia, on Ibrahim Malek, and
that of Bazora on Mafach Ben Zober, Brother
to Abdula Zober. This Man afterwards made Moktar
War on Mokter, and coming to a Battle, killed.
routed and kill'd him. Some time after Ab-
del Malek, the Calif, march'd again with his
Forces against Maraeb Zober in Hyerack or
Perfia, whom he fought and flew, recovering Mazaeb
all thofe Lands, and having concluded this and Abda-
Expedition, return'd to Damafcus; whence lar Zober
he fent Oige, or Aftage Benjuffet, with anfain.
Army against Abdala Zober, who ftill held out
in Rebellion at Mecca, whom he fought, van-
quifh'd and flew. His Death gave Peace to
to Abdel Malek and his Dominions; and he,
as a Reward for his many Services, gave Ofi-
afge the Government of the Lands of Aye-
rakhen and Karafon. In the Year of the He-
gira 83, Abdel Malek founded a large and po-
pulous City in Mefopotamia, which he called
Waceb, fignifying the Middle, becauſe feated
in the midft between the two Rivers near
Corna, whereof only the Ruins now remain.
Abdel Malek having pacified his Dominions,
and having reign'd 21 Years and a Month, Ann. 706.
dy'd in the 86th of the Hegira, leaving four
Sons, elid, Soliman, Thezid and Oxon.
Ann. 703.
CHAP.
206
The History of Perfia.
His Con-
quefts.
CHA P. VII.
Oelid, the 11th Calif, extends his Empiré
in Perfia; he poffeffes himself of all the
Lands of Maurenahar, Koaerrazm and
Turkeftam; infefts the Dominions of
the Roman Empire; his and Oiafge's
Death.
O
Elid, Son to Abdel Malek, upon the
Death of his Father was own'd as Ca-
lif, and exceeded him in Wealth and Power,
extending his Empire confiderably, under
the Conduct of his Generals. One of them,
calld Kofeybah Eben Mofelem, by his Order
march'd from Karafon towards Turqueftam, and
poffefs'd himſelf of all the Lands of Maure-
nabar and Koarrazm. Another, whofe Name
was Mofeleima Ben Abdel Malek, with a pow-
erful Army invaded the Roman or Grecian Em-
pire, advancing towards Conftantinople; and
having fubdu'd and deftroy'd many Provin-
ces, oblig'd the Emperor to pay him a cer-
tain Tribute. Oelid, befides being dreadful
to his Neighbours, and indefatigable in War:
like Toils and Expeditions, was much ad-
And Stru- dicted to Building, and confequently erected
Aures.
many remarkable and noble Structures in fe-
veral Places; but the most remarkable was
the Mofque at Damafcus, whoſe Structure and
Magnificence is ftill admir'd by all that be-
hold it. In this Oelid's Reign, and in the
Aun. 716. Year of the Hegira 96, Oiafge dy'd at Kara-
fon, being the Commander we faid was fent
to govern thofe Provinces, at 45 Years of
Age; and is faid to have been fo cruel, that
he
The History of Perfia.
207
he there flew in time of Peace, during his
Government, above 100000 Men, befides the
almoſt innumerable Multitude that perifh'd
in the Wars he made and Battles he fought.
He left 30000 Slaves of feveral Nations, which
is a Teftimony of his Grandeur and Power.
About the end of this fame Year, the Calif
Qelid dy'd at the fame Age, when he had
reign'd 9 Years and 8 Months, and was fuc-
ceeded by his Brother Solyman.
CHAP. VIII.
Solyman, 12th Calif, fubdues the Provinces
of Gerion and Tabarftam in Perfia.
lyman, Son to Abdel Malek, and Brother
Solym
to Oelid, was enthron'd in his Place.
He wanted nct Employment in Perfia, the
Provinces whereof, tho' reduc'd under the
Dominion of the Califfs, were always inclin'd Revels
to revolt, fometimes one, and fometimes ano- Perfia.
ther. Among the reft there were two, which
had not been conquer'd, being thoſe of Ge-
rion and Tabarftam, whither he fent Yerid Eben
Makalep, an able Commander, with a fuffici-
ent Force, who made War on and fubdu'd
them. During the Reign of Solyman, by the
Advice of Fafor Barmaky, his Vizier, the Va-
lue of Money was fettled in Perfia, which
till then had been very uncertain, to the
great Detriment of the People. Solyman ha-
ving reign'd two Years and fix Months, dy'd
at Damafcus of a violent Pleurify, leaving one
Hamar, his Coufin German, to fucceed him.
CHAP.
208
The History of Perfia.
Ann. 720.
Abas re-
CHA P. IX.
Hamar, 13th Calif, the Defcendants of
Abas, make War on him, and he is im-
prifon'd.
H
Amar, or Homar, Son to Abdala Azir,
the Son of Marwan, Couſin German to
the late Solyman, was rais'd to the Califfhip.
Some fay he ufurp'd it by Force, tho' oppos'd
by Solyman's Brothers; others that he advanc'd
him before his Death. However it was, he
remain'd poffefs'd of the Empire. He was
extraordinary zealous and fuperftitious in his
Sect. About the Year of the Hegira 100, the
Race of Abas, Unkle to Mahomet, rebell'd
Aly Eben againſt Hamar, and made War on him, claim-
ing a Right to the Califfhip, and particularly
one Aly Eben Abas; who fending Embaffa-
dors to feveral Princes, excited and endea-
vour'd to perfwade them to caft off their
Obedience to Hamar, and own him for their
Sovereign, in regard to his rightful Title to
that Empire. Whilft he was managing theſe
Affairs, Oxon, Son to Abdel Malek, Brother to
Solyman, the late Calif, poifon'd Hamar,where-
of he dy'd in the 4th Yerr of his Age, when
he had reign'd two Years and five Months in
Ann. 721. the 101 of the Hegira.
bels.
СНАР.
The History of Perfia.
209
CHA P. X.
Yhezid the 2d, and 14th Calif. Abu Mo-
celem makes War on him in Karafon, in
favour of Aly Ben Abas, which lasts
till his Death.
U
PON the Death of Hamar, the Calif-
ſhip was conferr❜d on Thezid, third Son
to Abdel Malek. Soon after he was enthron'd,
one Abu Mocelem Karafony declar'd in Karafon
for Aly Ben Abos, rebelling againſt Yhezid, and And. 724.
making War on him for two Years continu
ally; at the end whereof Thezid dy'd, with-
out having done any thing memorable, when
he had reign'd four Years and eight Months,
and in the 105th of the Hegira. He was fuc-
ceeded by his Brother Oxon, who we faid
poiſon'd Hamar.
CHA P. XI.
Oxon, 15th Calif, and Lord of Perfia.
XON, Brother to the late Thezid, up¬
on his Death obtain'd the Califfhip, and
quell'd fome Commotions that happen'd in
Perfia, wherein he was well ferv'd by two
Commanders of Note called Nacer Sayar and
Yucef Eben Hamar el Sacafy, both whom he Peace in
appointed Governours; Sayar of the Lands of
Karafon, and Tucef Eben Hamar of Hyerakhen;
whereupon thofe Kingdoms of Perfia conti
nu'd peaceable, and without any confidera-
P
ble
Perfia,
210
The History of Perfia.
ble Diſturbance, during all the Reign of Ox-
Ana. 773. 0%, which lafted 19 Years and eight Months,
and he dy'd in the 124th of the Hegira.
CHA P. XII.
Oelid the 2d, 16th Calif, and Lord of
Perfia.
Elid, the Son of Thezid, was created Ca-
lif upon the Death of Oxon, and main-
tain'd War againſt the Race of Abas, of whom
was flain one Abdalab Ben Abaz, a prime Pre-
tender to the Califfhip, by whofe Death he
thought himſelf more fecurely fetled in the
Empire; and the more to establish himself,
he caus'd two Sons of the late Abdalah to be
fworn his Succeffors in the Government, ho-
ping by that Means to appeafe that Family.
One of the two was call'd Ebrahem el Safa.
murder'd. However all this Precaution avail'd him lit-
tle, for being himſelf ill-natur'd, and of an
unfufferable Temper, he foon became fo uni-
verfally odious, and particularly to the Soldi-
ers, that he was murder'd by them, when he
had reign'd 14 Months.
Oelid
CHA P. XIII.
Yhezid the 3d, 17th Calif, and Lord of
Perfia.
Y
Hezid, Son to Oelid, commonly call'd
Thezid Nokkes, that is, the Senſeleſs, be-
cauſe he again re-affum'd all that his Prede-
ceffors
The History of Perfia,
211
ceffors had granted away, came to the Go-
vernment at 40 Years of Age, and held it
bout fix Months, at the end whereof he dy'd
at Damafcus.
CHAP. XIV.
Ebrahem, 14th Calif, depofed by Mar-
wan, who ufurps, feizes and murders
him.
U
PON the Death of Thezid, the Calif
ſhip was conferr'd on Ebrahem his Bro-
ther, who having held it but two Months,
and being diſcover'd to be a Man of no
Spirit, feveral Perfons infulted him, and a-
mong them Marwan, one of his own Tribe,
who rebell'd and feiz'd him; and after three
Months Imprisonment, order'd him to be
kill'd, thruſting himfelf into the Throne.
CHA P. XV,
Marwan the 2d, 19th Calif, and last of the
Tribe of Ben Humya; Affairs of Perfia
during his Reign.
Marz
Arwan having intruded himſelf into the
Califfhip, all things were prefently in Difcord a
Confufion, and great Difcord enfu'd among mong Ma-
the Mahometans. The Province of Karafom was hometans
then govern'd by Nacer Sayar, as was faid in
the 11th Chapter, and he made War on Malab,
who govern'd the Kingdom of Kermon, which
prov'd
P 2.
212
The History of Perfia.
prov'd tedious and bloody. The Tribe or Fa-
mily of Abas roſe in Arms at Mar Wo, and the
two Governours of Karafon and Kermon enter'd
into a Confederacy against them. Both Sides
made great Preparations for this War, and
coming at length to a Battel, the Partifans of
Abas overthrew the two Viceroys, killing him
of Kermon with above 100000 Men of the Fa-
&tion of Benbumia; the Governour of Karafon
Abu Mo- flying to Sawa, where he was kill'd. One Abu
celem jei- Mocelem had been left to command in the Pro-
ges Karae vince of Karafon, and he laying hold of that
Opportunity ufurp'd that Country. Not fo
fatisly'd, but ftill afpiring to more, he fent Ka-
tabey Eben Exabib with a confiderable Army to
poffefs himſelf of Hierak, as he did; nor did he
ftop there, but proceeded as far as Oufa in A-
rabia. Marwan was then at Wacet with his Ar-
my, and advanc'd towards him. Both meet-
ing in the Night near the River Euphrates, they
immediatly engag'd, and fo violent was the
Katabey Shock given by Marwan's Forces, that it ob-
drowned, lig'd Katabey's Troops to retire towards the
cem fuc- River, into which Katabey fell, and was
ceeds him. drowned, unperceiv'd by his own Men, who
ion and
Hierak.
bis Son A-
believing he was ftill among them, gave fuch
a vigorous Charge upon Marwan, that they
overthrew him. It was now near break of
Day, and as foon as it clear'd up, Katabey
was mifs'd, in whofe ftead they prefently ap-
pointed his Son Acem General. He without
lofing any Time purfu'd the Enemy, who fled
to Cufa, and meeting there with Safa, of the
Family of Abas, and one of the two whom
Oelud the ad had caus'd to be fworn his Suc-
ceffors, as was faid in the 12th Chapter, they
proclaim'd him Calif againft his Will. Safa
being thus poffefs'd of the Empire, fent an-
other
The History of Perfia.
213
routed and
other Safa, with Abdula and Abdfamet, all three
of them his Unkles, with Forces againſt Mar-
wan; who having rally'd his Troops, was a-
gain return'd near the River Euphrates. There
they found and gave him Battel, wherein Mar- Marwan
wan being routed fled to Mecere, that is Grand kill'd.
Cairo in Egypt, where he was taken and kill'd
in the Year of the Hegira 132, with fourſcore An. 7516
more Men of Note, of the Race of Eben Hu-
mia, and for all thoſe who were dead before,
if they knew where they had been bury'd,
they took them up and burnt their Bones,
without ſparing any one of all they could find.
of that Tribe, except one Hamar Ben Abdala
Azis, on whom, for his extraordinary Good-
neſs,all the adverfe Party had Compaffion, and
ſpar'd him, granting him his Life and Liberty;
fuch is the Power of Virtue even among E-
nemies. Marwan had reign'd 5 Years, when
he dy'd, and in him ended the Rule of the
Family of Ben Humia, which was transferr'd
to thofe of Eben Abas, who held it many
Years, as will appear.
CHA P. XVI.
Safah 20th Calif, and first of the Tribe or
Race of Eben Abas.
The Race
afcends the
AFA the Son of Abdala, the Son of Aly,
SAF
the Son of Abdala, the Son of Abas, was of Abas
the firft Calif of this Family, and rais'd to it as Throne.
was faid above: When he was fetled on the
Throne, he appointed two of his Unkles, the
one call'd Abdula, to govern the Dominions of
Syria, Egypt and Africk, as Subject to him
P 3
;
and
214
The History of Perfia.
Karafon
Province.
and the other nam'd Daud or David, for thoſe
of Medina and Mecca. He fent his own Bro-
ther Abujafar, to quell fome Troubles there
were in the Country of Wacet, which he did,
and when return'd, fent him to Karafon. This
Karafon, by the Portugueses generally call'd Co-
razon or Corafone, is a confiderable Province,
and one of the moſt noted in Perfia, for Ex-
tent, Plenty and Wealth. It contains feveral
great Cities, the Metropolis whereof is call'd
Mexad, where Ifmael Sophy and his Succeffors
lye bury'd. It is encompafs'd with a ftrong
Wall, on which are three hundred Towers,
about a Mufquer Shot diftant from each other;
theCountry about it very fertile and well-ftor'd;
the Natives are fair Complexion'd, Beautiful,
and Warlike; their Manners and Cuſtoms the
fame as thofe of the other Perfians. I have
given this fhort Account of it, becauſe we fhall
have much Occafion to ſpeak of it in this Hi-
ftory. The famous River Jebun parts this Pro-
vince of Karafon from thofe of Turon or Turke-
ftan and Usbek, and the Country again beyond
that, the Perfians call Maurenabar, which figni-
fies, beyond the River, and is to the North-
ward; which is requifite to be obferv'd for the
better Understanding of what fhall be faid of
theſe Provinces. Abufalem, as was faid above,
had ufurp'd the Sovereignty of the Province
Karafon, or as we now call it Chorafon, who up-
on the Arrival of Abujafar, the Calif's Brother,
not only fubmitted, and put himfelf into his
Power, but ferv'd and affifted him in all Points
with great Loyalty, which well deferves to be
taken notice of at that Time, and among thofe
People, confidering how faithlefs and uncon-
fiant they then were. Safa employ'd, as his
Grand Vizier,one Abufalemah, a Man of fingu-
lar
The History of Perfia.
215
lar Capacity, whom he particularly affected
for his good Service; yet fufpecting that he
had fome Defigns against his Perfon and
Crown, he caus'd him to be put to Death, and
conferr❜d the Dignity of Wazir or Vizier,which
has been faid above to be Prime Miniſter, on
Kaled Barmaqui, who well deferv'd it for his
Wifdom. Safa was Calif four Years and nine Safa dyes.
Months, and dy'd in the Year of the Hegira
136, which is of CHRIST 754. His Bro- An. 754•
ther Abujafar fucceeded him, he having ſo or-
der'd it before his Death.
CHA P. XVII.
Abu-Jafar 11th Calif, puts to Death the
Governour of Karafon, for intending to
rebel; reduces the Rebels of Mecca and
Bazora; builds the City of Bagdat on the
River Tigris, and dyes on the Way to
Mecca.
A
Bujafar upon the Death of his Brother,
got Poffeffion of the Califfhip, and was
no fooner feated on the Throne, than Advice
was brought him, that Abufalem, Governour of
Kerafon, who we faid above had been fo cour-
teous towards him, when he visited that Pro-
vince in his Brother's Days,did deſign to rebel.
He contriv'd to get him into his Hands, and Rebellion
put him to Death, by which Means Perfia was in Arabia
kept in fome Tranquillity; but it was not fo quel’d.
in Arabia, where the People of Mecca and Ara-
bia had revolted, against whom he fent his Ge-
nerals, with a fufficient Power, who fubdu'd
them, tho' not without much Bloodshed. In
P 4
the
216
The History of Perfia.
F cuudation
the Year of the Hegira 147, which is of
CHRIST 763, Abujafar ſet out from Cufa,took
a Progress through feveral of his Kingdoms,
cross'd the Country of Mefopotamia, and coming
to the River Tigris, was fo taken with the Si-
tuation, the Fertility of the Country, and the
Conveniency of the Place to attend to all
of Bagdat. Parts of his Dominions, that he there found-
ed a large Town, which on Account of the
many and pleaſant Orchards about it, they
call'd Bagadad, from Baga, a Perfian Word, fig-
nifying a Garden or Orchard; which I fhall
treat of more particularly in another Place.
Abujafar Abujafar, having been Calif 23 Years, dy'd on
dyes, Am. his Way to Mecca, in the Defert call'd Bir
Maymum, that is, Maymum's Well, being the
Name of the Perfon that caus'd it to be made;
in the Year of the Hegira 159, and of Chriſt
777;
777:
A Rebel
Dould be
bonour'd as
a God.
CHA P. XVIII.
Mahady Bila 22th Calif, and what hapned
in his Time.
M
Abady Pila, Son to Abujafar, fucceeded
his Father, and govern'd peaceably
till the 4th Year of his Reign, when a Com-
mander call'd Akem Ben Oxem, who had
been Secretary to Abu Mafalem, the Gover-
nour of Karafon, put to Death by Abujafar,
having a confiderable Body of Men, attempted
to ufurp thofe Provinces. This Man had loft
one Eye, his Countenance was frightful, and
his Difpofition Diabolical. Not content with
afpiring to be a King, the Devil prevail'd with
him fo far, as to require to be worshipp'd as a
God
The History of Perfia.
217
God, and therefore he cover'd his Face with a
Veil, faying, that Men were not werthy to
fee it; and as fuch Monſters never want Fol-
lowers, by reafon of the Libertinifm and Dif-
orders they allow of,many adher'd to thisHel-
liſh Deceiver, and either through Fear or Ig-
norance, he was admitted by fome Provinces.
Mabady the Calif, hearing this News, drew to-
gether a confiderable Army, and fent it a-
gainst him, under the Command of Monfaeb,
who advanc'd into Karafon, with all poffible
Expedition. Akem's Kindred and Adherents
underſtanding how great a Power was march-
ing againſt him, to fhun the Danger and fe-
cure their own Lives, poifon'd him, and hid
his dead Body, where it could never be found,
giving out that he was gone up into Heaven.
However Monfaeb, when he had fettled thoſe
Countries in Peace, perceiving that Akım was
not to be found dead nor alive, took full Re-
venge on his Children, Kindred and Fol-
lowers, burning as many of them as he could
get into his Hands, which was no fmall Num-
ber. This hapned in the Year of the Hegira
163, and of CHRIST 781. Thus no other Mahady;
remarkable Accident hapned in Perfiz till the dyes, An
Year 169 of the Hegira and of CHRIST 786,
when Mabady Bila dy'd, in the 43th Year of
his Age, having been Calif 10 Years and
one Month.
786.
CHAP.
218
The History of Perfia.
CHA P. XIX.
Elady Bila Muza Ben Mahady 23d Calif.
Lady Bila Muza, Son to Mahady, fucceed-
ed him, and enjoy'd that Dignity but a
fhort Time; for tho' a graceful and fprightly
Elady dies Youth he reign'd but one Year and 3 Months,
Ann, 787 and dy'd in the Year of the Hegira 170, of
CHRIST 787, much lamented, becauſe he
was a very affable and good natur'd Prince.
Araxid
A
CHA P. XX.
Araxid Bila Harun, 24th Calif.
Raxid Bila Harun Eben Mahady, Brother
to the deceas'd Elady, fucceeded him
in the Throne, and made Kyahya Kaled Ber-
maky, a Man of great Wiſdom and Conduct,
his Wazir, or Prime Vizier. Araxid had four
gives Go-
vernments Sons; Mamed Hamin, to whom he committed
Fobis Sons. all he had poffefs'd from Aleppo Weftward;
Mahamun, whom he plac'd over Perfia, Kara-
fon, and all thofe Parts; the third, Kacem,
whom he made Governour of the Provinces
of Aderbaion and Diarbeck; but the fourth
called Matafem, being then in Difgrace, was
left unprovided for, tho' he afterwards made
his Lot good. In the Year of the Hegira
187, and of CHRIST 804, Araxid put to
Death the Beramequas, Men of a noble Fa-
mily, and his Wazirs, or Viziers, upon ſuſpi-
The History of Perfia.
219
cion that they defigned to murder him; and
put Fazel Eben Errabya into their Places.
Three Years after the Forces of the Roman
or Grecian Empire, made War on him, againſt
whom he fent his Army, which not only ex-
pell'd them his Dominions, but broke into Defeats the
that Empire with fuch Fury, that they ob- Chrifti-
lig'd the Emperor to fue for Peace, and pur- ans.
chafe it for a great Sum of Money. When
this War was ended, another broke out in
Manrenahar, where one Rafh Eben Nacer of
Samarkand had affum'd the Title of King,
against whom Araxid march'd in Perfon; but
was cut off by Death in the way, ending his
Days at Thus, the capital City of the King-
dom, or Province of that Name; when he Dies Ann.
had reign'd 23 Years, in the Year of the He- 810.
gira 193, which is of CHRIST 810.
CHA P. XXI.
Mahamed Amin, 25th Calif; he makes
War on his Brother Mahamun, by whom
he is defeated and killed.
A
Raxid Harun had appointed his Son Ma-
bamed Amin to fucceed him in the Ca-
liffhip, who being accordingly rais'd to it,
reſented the Dividing of the Empire among
fo many, which his Father had been pofef-
fed of alone. This Thought perplexing him,
his firft Care was to raiſe a mighty Army,
with which he order'd his Generals to invade
Perfia. His Brother Mahamun, who we faid
had been left by his Father poffefs'd of that
Kingdom, being jealous of Mahamed Amin's
Pre-
220
The History of Perfia.
Preparations, was upon his Guard, and per-
ceiving the Defign was againft him, fent his
Wazir, or Vizier, Taker Ben Ocem, to oppoſe
his Brother, with the greateft Force he could
gather. Naker gave the Enemy Battle, over-
threw and purfu'd him to Bagdat, which he
alfo enter'd by Force, and took the Calif
Mahamed Amin, whom he carried back half
way, and then put him to Death, when he
had reign'd four Years and feventh Months.
CHA P. XXII.
Mahamun Ben Arun, 26th Calif.
MAbamun Ben Arum, Brother to the late
was proclaim'd Calif, and ap-
pointed Fazele Ben Saleh, a Wife and Politick
Man, his Wazir, or Vizier. This Man, du-
ring his Authority, with great Induſtry and
Charge, caus'd all the Books of Philofophy,
Tranflati- Mathematicks, Aftrology and Phyfick, that
could be found to be tranflated out of the
ons into
Arabick. Greek and Syrian Languages into Arabick. All
Perfia was in Peace, when one Babek Corandin
rebell'd in the Province of Aderbaion, againſt
whom he fent his Forces, which were de-
feated; and when the War had continu'd
fome time in thofe Parts, they were at laft
oblig'd to come to an Agreement. In the
Aan. 821. Year of the Hegira 205, which is of CHRIST
821, the Calif Mahamun fent Taker Zulemin to
govern the Province of Karafon, who fet out
immediately for his Government; but when
he was there, Mahamun repented, being in-
form'd that Taker afpir'd higher, than to be
Go-
The History of Perfia.
221
Governour under another; for which Rea-
fon, to prevent further Danger, he order'd
Hamed Abichaled to prepare to march againſt
him. When he was upon his Departure,
News was brought of Taker's Death, at which Troubles
the Calif was well pleas'd; yet remembring prevented
how well Taker had ſerv'd him, he conferr'd in Perfia,
that Government on a Son of his call'd Talake
Ben Taker.
Abdula Ben Taker, another Son of
Taker had gone with him to Karafon with the
Poſt of Captain General of the Army, who,
when his Father dy'd, was march'd with an
Army, to make War on the Ufbecks, for refu-
fing to embrace his Sect. Returning Victori-
ous from that Expedition, he found his Fa-
ther dead, and his Brother poffefs'd of the
Government, which he highly refented; but
his Brother Talake, with the Calif's Confent,
admitted him as his Companion, with equal
Power in the Government. Thus Perfia con-
tinu'd in Peace as long as Mahamun liv'd, who
dy'd in the Year of the Hegira 210, and of
CHRIST 826, when he had reign'd 12
Months.
Years and
ク
​CHA P. XXIII.
Abu Ezach Matacon, 27th Calif; he
builds the City Samarrah; Wars in Per-
fia, and other Accidents till his Death.
A
Bu Ezach Matacon, Son to Harun, whom
his Father, upon fome Liguft, had
difinherited, his Brother Mamun dying, was
rais'd to the Califfhip. He, upon his coming
to the Throne, founded a City to the
North-
222
The History of Perfia.
1
built and
Northward of Bagdat, three Miles from the
Samarrah River Tigris, which he call'd Samarraḥ, which
abandon'd, having in a fhort time grown up to be very
confiderable, afterwards declin'd ſo much,
that at prefent only the Ruins of it are to
be ſeen. Upon the Death of Mamun, Babek
Coramdia had rebeli'd again in Aderbaion, a-.
gainst whom the Calif fent his Army, by
which he was overthrown and taken, and the
Calif caus'd his Hands and Feet to be cut off,
and him to be hang'd. There were alfo fome
Commotions in the Province of Karafon.
Rebel exe-
cuted.
Sifton
Province,
Civil
Wars.
Ann. 833-
The Province of Sifton lies below thofe of
Karafon and Kermon, towards the Perfian Gulph,
and it has Perfia, to which it is fubject, on the
one fide, and the Kingdom of Macron, bos-
dering upon India on the other. In this Pro-
vince of Sifton, a private Man rebell'd at this
time, and finding many Followers, made him-
felf Mafter of a confiderable Part of it by
Force of Arms. This being under the Go-
vernment of Karafon, Talake, who command-
ed there, drew together his Forces, and
march'd against Amzab, fo the Rebel was
call'd, whom he fought and defeated; but
returning to Karafon, he fell fick and dy'd in
the Year of the Hegira 213, of CHRIST
829; leaving the Government to his Son Aly
Ben Talake, on whom feveral neighbour Prin-
ces under the Jurifdiction of Perfia made War,
and he was kill'd in a Fight at Nixaber. His
Death did not put an end to the War, which
rather feem'd to grow the hotter by it. Abu
Ezab Metacon at this time made War on the
Grecian Empire, and obtain'd fome Victories,
but dy'd at 48 Years of Age, in the Year of
the Hegira 217, of CHRIST 833, when he
had reign'd 8 Years. He had eight Sons and
eight
The Hiftory of Perfia.
223
eight Daughters, and 8000 Slaves, and took
eight Cities, Capitals of eight Kingdoms,
whoſe eight Kings he put to Death, and left
behind him eight Millions of Gold in his
Treaſury. He was a great Warrior, and at
the fame time very affable and generous,
much belov'd by all Men, and more particu-
larly by the Soldiers.
CHA P. XXIV.
Wacek, 28th Calif, and all that happen'd
in Perfia till his Death.
W
Famine,
Acek fucceeded his Father Matacem in
the Califfhip, and did nothing re-
markable during his Reign. Upon the Death
of Aly Ben Takale, his Ünkle Abdula Ben Ta-
ker had the Government of Karafon conferr'd
on him, during whofe Adminiftration, not-
withstanding thofe Lands are generally extra-
ordinary fruitful, there happen'd a dreadful Dreadful
and univerfal Famine, occafion'd by Drought,
which continu'd almoft three Years, fo that
the Country was almoft difpeopled; but great
Rains enfuing the Earth produc'd as before,
fo that the Natives return'd to their Dwellings.
About this time the Perfian Mahometans com-
bin'd together againft their Heathen Coun-
trymen, commonly call'd Mayu, being thoſe
that worship Fire, as has been laid in the firſt
Book, who are ftill very numerous in Perfia, slaughter
and made a mighty Slaughter among them. of Pagans.
At this fame time dy'd Abdula Taker in Kara-
fon, leaving his Son Taker Ben Abdula in his
Place, who was confirm'd in it by the Calif
Wa-
224
The History of Perfia.
Wacek, and he dy'd two Years after, having
reign'd five Years and nine Months, in th
Ann. 838. Year of the Hegira 222, and of CHRIS
838, leaving the Empire to his Brother Ai
moto Wakel Bila Jafar.
CHAP.
XXV.
Almoto Wakel Bila Jafar, 29th Calif.
A
Lmoto Wakel Bila Jafar, Brother to the
deceas'd Calif, afcended the Throne
upon his Death. The Race of Aly made
War on him in Perfia, taking for their Pre-
tence the Death of his Son Ocem, becauſe he
us'd all poffible means to obftruct the Pilgri-
mage to his Tomb, which is at Mexat Ocem,
in the Deſert of Kalbelah, where I was in the
Year of our Lord 1604; and the better to
keep them away, he caus'd the River Ex-
phrates to be let out in feveral Places, to cut
off the Paffage by drowning the Fields, which
was eaſy enough to be done, by reafon of
the Flatness of that Defert, which I give a
more particular Account of in my Travels.
During the Reign of the Calif Almoto Wakel,
dy'd Taker Ben Abdula, and the Government
of Karafon was conferr'd on his Son Mahamed
Ben Taker; and he gave the Lands of Tabar-
ftan to his Unkle Solyman, Brother to his Fa-
ther, for his Support; but he enjoy'd them
der'd by
not long, as we fhall foon fee. Almoto Wakel
bis Son, call'd Monfacer Bila, being ambitious of
Ann. 850. Rule, the fooner to attain it, caus'd his Fa-
ther to be murder'd by his Slaves, in the Year
of the Hegira 234, and of CHRIST 850,
when he had reign'd 12 Years.
Calif mur-
CHAP.
The History of Perfia.
225
22.04
I
M
CHAP. XXVI.
Montacer Bila, 30th Calif.
Ontacer Bila Hamed,having murder'd his
Father, took upon him the Title of
Calif, which he enjoy'd but fix Months, at
the end whereof he dy'd.
CHA P. XXVII.
Abul Abas Hamed, 31ft Calif, murder'd
by his Slaves.
A
Bul Abas Hamed, Son to Mahamed, the
Son of Montacer, Coufin German to
the deceas'd Montacer, fucceeded him ; and The Calif
having reign'd five Years and nine Months ill ftarv'd to
approv'd of, was feiz'd by the Soldiers, and Death.
cloſely confin'd, where he dy'd for Hunger.
The Affairs of Perfia were at this time in
fome Confufion; for in the Province of Ta-
barstan, which we ſaid above was given by
Taber to his Unkle Solyman, one Acem Ben
Zeyd Alawy, which fignifies one of the great
ones, or thofe that are near to God, becauſe
he was of the Family of Aly, rebell'd, and
poffefs'd himſelf of that Country, obliging
Solyman to take his Flight to Bagdat, where
Mofta Hbin, who was then Calif, gave him a
favourable Reception, and did him much
Honour. Acem Ben Zeyd Alawy, having fe-
cur'd the Province to himfelf by placing good Successful
Garifons, broke farther into Perfia, and pof-
fefs'd himſelf of thofe of Deilon, Gueylon, Ha-
Q
bar,
Rebellion:
226
The History of Perfia.
bar, Zenion and Cashin, which he held till the
Year of the Hegira 271, when he loft them
again, as we fhall foon fee. This happen'd
Ann. 860 in the Year of the Hegira 245, which is of
CHRIST 860.
Rebels de-
feared.
Ann, 886.
T
CHA P. XXVIII.
Mofta Hhin, 32d Calif.
HE Soldiers having, as was faid above,
murder'd the Calif Abul Abas Hamed,
there enfu'd great Strife among the Mahome-
tans about creating another, which after feve-
ral Months ended in the Election of Mefta
Hhin, Kinfman to the laft, but fomewhat re-
mote, who enjoy'd it not long; for at the
end of 16 Months he fell fick and dy'd ; what
was mention'd in the foregoing Chapter hap
ning in his Time.
CHA P. XXIX,
Almater Bila, 334 Calif, recovers fome of
the Lands that had been ſeiz'd by Acem
Ben Zeyd, and is murder'd by his Sol-
diers.
A
Lmatex Bila fucceeded in the Califfhip,
and rais'd Forces to reduce Acem Ben
Zeyd, which he put under the Conduct of
one Muza Ben Buka, who enter'd Perfia,fought
the Enemy, obtain'd a Victory, and recover'd
the City Rey Xarear, Cafbin, Habar and Zenion.
Duke Alawy, Brother to Acem Ben Zeyd, fled
after
The History of Perfia.
227
after his Defeat to Tabarstam, where he dy'd
in the Year of the Hegira 272, which is of
CHRIST 886. Another Brother of his,
call'd Mahamed Eben Zeyd, remain'd in his
Place, who held that Province till the Year
of the Hegira 287, when he was kill'd by Ma-
bamed Ben Haron Samany. Whilft theſe Things
happen'd in Perfia, the Soldiers taking a Dif-
like to the Calif Almatez Bila, murder'd him;
for as he was bathing in a hot Houfe, they
broke in, and whilft he was in that violent
Heat, made him drink a Pot of very cold
Water, which occafion'd his fpeedy Death,
when he had rul'd three Years and a half.
U
CHA P. XXX.
Motady Bila, 34th Calif.
PON the Death of Almatez, the Ca-
liffhip was conferr'd on Mtady Bila,
who held it but II Months, at the end where-
of he was murder'd by the Soldiers, and was
fucceeded by Almat Hamed Bila.
CHA P. XXXI.
Almat Hamed Bila, 35th Calif; and
what happen'd under him in Perfia.
A
Lmat Hamed Bila, upon the Death of
Motady, afcended the Throne of the
Califs; and to fecure himſelf againſt his Kin-
dred and Friends, for as the World went
Q 2
then,
228
Hiftory of Perfia.
Medina,
what it is.
then,the neareſt Kin were moft to be fufpect-
ed, he fent them all away with Commands to
the Countries of Hyaman and Medina, in A-
reba. In regard that we have often occasion
in this Hiftory to mention Medina, it is con-
venient to inform the Reader, that this is not
the particular Name of a Place, but fignifies
a City, or Town, and therefore they gene-
rally add another to it, to exprefs what Town
they speak of, as among us we fay Medina
Celi, Medina Sidonia, Medina del Campo; but
that of Arabia, the Perfians and Arabs, by
way of Excellency, as the Chief of all Ci-
ties, call abfolutely Medina, tho' fometimes
they alfo name it Medina el Nabi, that is, the
City of the Prophet; becauſe there Mahomet
firft broach'd his hellifh Sect
and was
himſelf there bury'd, and to this Place it is
the Mahometans refort, when they fay they
go to Mecca, tho' it be quite another Place;
for Medina is an Inland Town, four Days
Journey diftant from Mecca, or Mokab, which
is a Maritime City, feated on the Bank of
the Red Sea, and the principal Mart of the
Makometans that fail from thofe Parts to the
Eaftward; and becaufe that thofe, who come
from the Eaft, Land at Mecca, therefore they
fay they are bound for Mecca, and fo fay
thefe who go from thefe Weſtern Parts; be-
caufe when their Pilgrimage is perform'd,
they go on to Mecca, to Trade with the Ships
that refort thither with Goods for India, and
other Eaſtern Parts. This City being on the
Shore of the Red Sea, and the moft confide-
rable within that Gulph, therefore the Portu-
guefs call that the Streights of Mecca. Thus
the Reader is inform'd concerning Medina
and Mecca, which is upon this Gulph I have
here
The History of Perfia.
229
here mention'd, "and not on that of Perfia, as
a grave Hiftorian of our Times has errone-
ously deliver❜d.
tel.
To return to Perfia, it was about this time
full of Confuſion and Troubles, whereof I
fhall mention the principal Heads, according
to my ufual Brevity. A new Commander
appear'd there at this time, call'd Tacub Leis,
who, with no great Number of Men, ravag'd
the Country of Siftom, and poffefs'd himſelf
of the Capital of the fame Name, whence he Yamb L
made fome Excurfions into the Province of Re-
Karafon, going on fucceffively as far as Harat
in Maurenabar, where Mahamed Ben Taber had
a Garifon, which Tacub Leis attack'd, and
took the City. Thence he turn'd back a-
gainft Mabamed Ben Taher, who, as has been
faid, was Governour of Karafon, and hear-
ing of his coming, left him the Country, and
fled to Nixabur. On the other fide, Acen Ben
Zeyd Alawy carry'd on his Conquefts, and
made himſelf Mafter of the Lands of Gerion,
which fhut up Mahamed Ben Taber, who, ha-
ving no other Recourfe, gather'd all the For-
ces he was able, march'd againſt Tacub Leis,
fought him, and was overthrown, leaving him
a confiderable Booty, with the Provinces of
Sifton and Karafon, and to Acem Ben Zeyd
Alawy that of Gerion as far as Rey Xarcer. Him-
felf, attended by a few, fled back to Nixebur,
whither Tacub Leis purfu'd him. Abdula Salch,
Wazir, or Vizier, to Taber, met him on the
Way alone, and ask'd him, By what Autho
rity be rais'd and profecuted the War? For,
if be bad any from the Calif, no Oppofition
Should be made, upon bis producing it." Tacub
Leis drawing his Sword, anfwer'd, That was
by Title and Authority. Abdula Salih re- His Sue-
Q }
turn'dreſs
230
The History of Perfia.
Yacub
Leis.
turn'd with this Anfwer to Taber, who,tho' he
endeavour'd it, could not obtain any reafo-
nable Terms from Leis. In fine, they came
to another Battel, and Taher was taken and
kill'd, being the laft of the Name who held
that Government, and of a nobler Difpofition
and greater Virtue, than any of his Predecef-
fors. The better to show how wonderful the
Affairs of Tacub Leis were, and the unaccount-
able Accidents in the Life of Man, I will
give a fhort Account of his, without deviating
from my Hiftory.
Original In the Province of Siftom in Perfia, liv'd
and Life of one brought up to the Trade they call Rug,
which with us is the fame as a Brazier, whofe
Name was Leis. This Man had three Sons,
Yacub, Hamer and Aly, of which Tacub was
brought up to his Father's Trade, and being
yet but a Boy, when he began to earn fome
fmall Wages, he fpent part of it to maintain
himſelf, and laid up the Reft to make merry
at his leifure Hours among other Boys, his
Friends and Acquaintance, among whom he
laid out the little he had in Eating and mean
Diverfion. This he continu'd till grown up
to Maturity, and with him his Companions,
with whom from Childrens Sports and Mock
Fights, he advanc'd to the Real; fo that Ta-
cub afpiring to fomething above a Brazier, and
having won them by his Generofity, which is
ever very powerful, they being now difpos'd
to follow him, arm'd themſelves the beſt they
could, and begun to rob on the High ways,
always practising his natural Free-heartedneſs
towards his Companions, who call'd him their
Captain, and ufing Compaffion towards the
unfortunate Perfans that fell into his Hands,
treating them with Moderation, taking the
leaft
The History of Perfia.
231
leaft part of what they had, and diftributing
it among his Men,without referving any thing
to himſelf. At this Time, Taher Ben Abdula,
above ſpoken of, was Governour of Karafon,
to whom Travellers complain'd of thofe Rob-
beries; and foon after he was inform'd, that
one Salekb Ben Azar, being joyn'd by Tacub
Leis, who now had enter'd himſelf and his
Men into Pay, as their Captain, had broke
into the Territories of Siftom, and plunder'd
that City. Taber Ben Abdula fent his Forces
against them, and drove them out of Siftom.
Soon after, Taber dying, and his Son Mahamed
Ben Taber fucceeding him in the Government,
another Commander, call'd Dram Ben Nacer,
follow'd by the fame Leis, broke into the fame
Country,and poffefs'd himſelf of it; and Dram
intending to carry on his Conqueft,committed
the Care of Siftom to Tacub Leis. Taber laid his
Buſineſs ſo well, that he took Dram Ben Nacer,
and fent him Prifoner to Bagdat, where the
Calif kept him cloſe confin'd for a long Time.
Tacub Leis taking all Advantages, and being
now free from any Subjection to Dram, took
upon him the Sovereignty of Siftom, behaving
himſelf ſo diſcreetly, that he daily gain'd the
Love of his People. He fortify'd that City, His Con-
and having garrifon'd it, and other convenient quests.
Places throughout the Province, made fome
Incursions into Karafon; which he enter'd in
the Year of the Hegira 253, of CHRIST
868,with a numerous Army, and reduc'd it un-
der his Dominion. Next he poffefs'd himſelf
of Kerat and Fuxangh, and advanc'd to Kermon,
and took it, driving out the Garriſon plac'd
in that Kingdom by the Governour of Schiras,
whom he alſo befieg'd in that City, which not
being tenable, he furrender'd, and there his
Men
Q 4
An. 868.
232
The History of Perfia.
Ap. 872.
Loofes
40000
Men.
Men had an extraordinary Booty, whereof he
took nothing to himſelf but twenty Faulcons,
that had belong'd to the Lord of Schiras, ten
whereof were white, and the other ten of fe-
veral Colours, and 200 Manes of pure Musk,
being 450 Pounds, which, together with the
Faulcons, he fent as a Prefent to the Calif of
Bagdat, offering to ferve him to the utmost of
his Power. Having fetled his Affairs there,
he return'd to Siftom, and in the Year of the
Hegira 257, which is of CHRIST 872, being
inform'd there were Commotions at Schiras,he
return'd thither to fecure it. The Calif, who
was not well pleas'd with Tacub Leis and his
Proceedings, fent him Orders immediately to
depart Schiras, and the Dominions of Perfia,
without ever prefuming to return,but conten-
ting himſelf with what he had already unjuft-
ly ufurp'd. Tacub Leis was not then in a Con-
dition to conteft his Authority, but obey'd and
departed Perfia, retiring to Balk in Maurenabar,
and thence to Cabul, between Karafon and
Maurenabar, which Places he fubdu'd. Thence
he turn'd off to Herat, and fo to Nixabur,
where he fought Mahamed Ben Taber, and o-
verthrew him, as was faid at first. Then di-
recting his March to Karafon, and paffing by
Tabartam, came to Sary. Thofe Lands were
in the Poffeffion of Acem Ben Zeyd Alawy, a-
bove mention'd, who advanc'd to meet Leis
with a well appointed Army. They fought,
and Ben Zeyd being routed, fled to Delmon or
Delimon or Delon, for it has all thofe Names, a
City in the Province of Gueylon. Having re-
mov'd this Obftacle, Tacub Leis held on his
Way to Amal, in Queft of Acem Ben Zeyd.
The Winter Seaſon was now come on,
thofe Countries being very cold, fuch mighty
T
and
S nows
The History of Perfia.
233
rebels.
Snows and Storms enfu'd, as oblig'd him at that
Time to diſcontinue the Purfuit, with the Lofs
of 40000 fighting Men, deftroy'd by the hard
Weather. The Calif thought this a good Op-
portunity to check the Power of Leis, and ac-
cordingly fent Expreffes into all Countries
that were under his Dominion, perfwading his
Governours to revolt; but it fell out quite
contrary than the Calif expected; for Maha-
med Ben Wacel Tamimy, one of the many Ara-
bian Commanders there were in Perfia, con- Tamimy
ſpir'd to deftroy the Garrifons the Calif had in
the Cities and Fortreffes of Perfia, and cutting
off most of them, fecur'd thofe Places to him-
felf. However, one Muza Ben Bugan, Lord of
Bazora, Hamas and Hyamama, Provinces in A-
rabia, adjoyning to Perfia, held for the Calif,
and hearing of thofe Commotions, drew to-
gether a confiderable Army, which he put un-
der the Command of Abderraman Ben Mflek,
who mov'd towards Mahamed Ben Wacel Tami-
my, whom he engag'd, but was routed and
taken. Leis was not idle, during thofe Trou-
bles, but when he perceiv'd they were at the
Height, advanc'd towards Perfia, which he in-
vaded fo opportunely and with fuch Vigour,
that he foon mafter'd the whole, flaying all
thofe that contended for it, and finding him-
ſelf in a Condition to proceed, fet forward for
Bagdat. The Calif hearing of Leis's Defign,
contriv'd to stop him by Letters, defiring he
would reft fatisfy'd, and yeilding up to him
all he had already gain'd. He anfwer'd, be
had an carnest Defire to fee him, which was
the Caufe of his marching to Bagdat, and that
nothing should divert him from it. The Calif
underſtanding his Refolution, with all poffible
Expedition form'd a numerous Army, the
Com-
234
The History of Perfia.
Command whereof he gave to a Brother of
his own, ordering him to march againſt Leis.
He did fo, and encamp'd clofe by him, but
Leis having other Defigns, decamp'd in the
Dead of the Night, and march'd through By-
ways, till he came again into the Road to Bag-
dat, leaving the Calif's Brother in a Confter-
nation, not knowing which way to follow
him. Tacub Leis, in the mean while advanc'd
with all poffible Speed, re-inforcing his Ar-
my as he went. He was got about half way,
when a violent Pleurify feiz'd him, and in a
Confult of Phyſicians it was refolv'd he ſhould
take a Clyfter, which he refus'd, ſaying, he
had rather dye than take it. When his Dif-
temper was at the Height, he receiv'd a Mef-
fage from the Calif, advising him to proceed
no farther. He fat up, as well as he was
able, and taking a naked Sword in his right
Hand, and a Gerda or Apa, which is an ordi-
nary fort of Bread the Perfians eat with ſome
Onions, in his left, faid to the Meffengers, Go
tell the Calif, your Mafter, That if I dye of this
Distemper, Death parts us; if I live, this Sword
will clear the Way; but if I lofe the Game, I'll lay
afide all Pretenfions to a Crown, and this Bread and
Onions will fatisfy me in any remote Place. This faid,
he difmift them, and the News of his Death
Leis dyes. came to Bagdat as foon as they; that Diftem-
per ending his Days in the Year of the Hegira
268, and of CHRIST 881, having been So-
vereign of Perfia 11 Years. He was an Excel-
lent Commander, Brave, Judicious, Generous
and Affable, and a ftrict Obferver of Juftice.
His Cooks every Day drefs'd 20 Sheep, five
Oxen, and a great Quantity of Fowl, which
was always diftributed among the Poor, as
foon as he had din'd, and he was himſelf very
tem-
The History of Perfia.
235
temperate in Eating. Nothing was found
in his Tent of any greater Value, than his
Arms, a Carpet he lay on, and a Cuſhion or
Pillow. He left no Iffue, and therefore his
Brother Hamed Ben Leis fucceeded him; who
as foon as fettled, writ to the Calif, fubmit-
ting himſelf, and begging to be receiv'd into
Favour. The Calif was fo well pleas'd, that
he not only confirm'd to him the Poffeffion
of Perfia, Karafon, and the other Lands his
Brother had acquir'd, but alfo gave him the His Bro-
Inveftiture of Hierak, whereof Hifphaon, or ther con-
firm'd by
Ifpahan is the Capital, appointing him at the the Calif.
fame Time Schena of Bagdat, which is as
much as Supreme Magiftrate under the Ca-
lif; by whofe Leave Hamed Ben Leis gave that
Poft to Abdula Ben Taber, marching away
himſelf with his Army to Casbin, and thence
to the City Rey, leaving one Mabamed Ben
Leis, his Kinfman, Governour at Schiras
who, as foon as he was gone, took upon him
the Sovereignty of the Kingdom. Hamed Ben
Leis return'd, and Mahamed fled, leaving him
the Kingdom, and a mighty Booty, of which
he fent a noble Prefent to the Calif; who
receiv'd Complaints from feveral Parts of the
Tyranny and Infolence of Hamed Ben Leis,
for which Reafon he by Edict depriv'd him
of all Right to the Lands he had given him,
and fent Sayd Ben Mochaleb with an Army, Is routed,
who fought, and routed him. Dram, who
we faid before, had been long a Priſoner at
Bagdat, was at this Time with Hamed, and
they now both fled with a few Followers.
Hamed having afterwards rally'd the Remains
of his Army, made another Attempt to reco-
ver Schiras, which Moufek, Brother to the Ca-
lif, Almat Hamed Bila underſtanding, he pre-
,
fently
236
The History of Perfia.
fently threw himſelf into Schiras, fo that Ha-
med Ben Leis feeing no Hopes of fucceeding
there, turn'd back toward Hermon, and paf-
fing through Siftom went away to Karafon.
The Calif About this Time dy'd Almat Hamed Bila the
Calif, when he had been fo 23 Years, in that
of the Hegira 279, and of CHRIST 893.
His Son Matazed Bila Hamed fucceeded him..
Almat
dyes
An. 839.
Hamer
Ben Leis
great a-
gein.
CHA P. XXXII.
Matazed Bila Hamed, 36th Calif, the
Affairs of Perfia under him.
Atazed Bila Hamed, the new Calif, was
M² a brave and wife Prince, but much
addicted to Senfuality. Hamed Ben Leis being
difappointed of his Defign on Schiras, as was
faid above, retir'd to Karafon, where Rafeaky
Ben Arfoma, a Governour in thofe Parts, had
rebell'd againſt the Calif, and ſided with Ma-
bamed Ben Zeyd Alawy; Hamed efpousing the
Calif's Quarrel, routed and flew him, and
then fent his Head to the Calif, who was
well pleas'd with this Service, becauſe Rafea-
ky had made great Commotions in thofe Pro-
vinces; and to reward Hamed, conferr'd on
him the Provinces of Karafon, Maurenabar,
Parcy, Kermon and Siftom, ordering his Name
to be painted on the Military Enſigns, to
Honour his Loyalty, and encourage others.
This was in the Year of the Hegira 284, and
of CHRIST 898; and in 900, Hamed, as an
Acknowledgment, fent the Calif a Prefent
confifting of a great Sum of Money, many
fent to the Veffels of Gold and Silver, a confiderable
Quantity of Ambergreafe, Musk, and Calumba
Sweet Wood, and many Vefts of rich Brocade.
His Pre-
Calif.
The
The History of Perfia.
237
Is routed
The Country of Maurenabar had been ve-
ry long peaceable, and almoſt exempt from
any Subjection to Perfia, under one Ifmael Ben
Hamed; againft whom Hamed Ben Leis march'd
with his Army. Ifmael waited his coming,
near the River Gehun, which parts Maurena-
bar from Karafon, where, after fome time
ſpent, and ſeveral Actions I paſs over, to
avoid Tedioufnefs, Hamed was defeated, and
taken by Ifmael; who, befides that he was an
able Commander, is faid to have made War
on him at the Requeft of the Calif, who fup- and taken
ply'd him with Men and Money. Ifmael
treated his Prifoner Hamed very courteously,
and having made him fwear to be always his
Friend, and never to make War on him a-
gain upon any Account, carry'd him away
to Maurenabar, whence he fent an Account
of what had happen'd to the Calif, who or-
der'd him to fend Hamed to Bagdat, which
he did, and there the Calif caus'd him to be
put to Death, when he had reign'd 23 Years. His Death,
He had but one Eye, and was extraordinary
paffionate. Taber Leis, a Grandſon of his, by
his Son Mabamed, fucceeded him.
Ifmael before this, in the Year of the Hegira
280,which was of CHRIST 894, had march'd Ifmael's
out of Maurenabar into Turkestan, where after Succeffes,
gaining feveral Victories over the Turks, he at
laft in a Battel took the King of that Coun-
try, his Father, Wife, and 10000 Men; and
fo great was the Booty, that every Soldier of
his had for his Share 1000 Dinares of Gold,
which amounts to near 15000 Ducats. After
thefe Succeffes he return'd to Samarkand,
whence he march'd with 70000 fighting Men
againft Hamed Leis, whom he overthrew, as
has been faid, for which Reafon the Calif Ma-
tazed
238
The History of Perfia.
tazed gave him to Title of King of Maurena-
bar, Karafon, Schiraz, Sifton and Kermon. Ifmael
being inform'd that Mahamed Ben Zeyd Alawy
was preparing at Tabarftam to invade his Lands,
writ to him, advising to defift; which the o-
ther not regarding, he fent Mahamed Ben
Aron Someny to oppofe him with a confidera-
ble Army, who routed and flew him, taking
Poffeffion of the Lands of Gerion and Tabar-
ftam, which he govern'd under Ifmael. This
happen'd in the Year of the Hegira 287, of
CHRIST 901; and in 903, the Calif Mata-
zed Bila dy'd, having reign'd 9 Years and 9
Months; and his Son Moktafy Bila fucceeded
him.
fubdues
Perfia.
CHA P.
XXXIII.
Moktafy Bila, 37th Calif, and Monarch
of Perfia.
IN
N the Reign of this Prince great Troops
of Arabs revolted, and committing many
Robberies in Arabia, infefted the High-ways,
Taker Leisand obftructed the Pilgrimage to Mecca. In
Perfia, Taher Ben Hamed Ben Hamed Leis, who
fucceeded his Grand-father in the Kingdom
of Sifton, having gather'd the greateſt Power
he could, invaded the Kingdom, defigning
to expel all the Calif s Garrifons,as he actually
did, and brought it under his own Domi-
nion. Thence he proceeded to Awas, the
Governour whereof Calif Abdula,crav'd Aid of
Ifmael, King of Maurenaber, who writ to Ta-
ber Leis, requiring him to defift from that En-
terprize; and he, either through Fear, or
Courteſy, advanc'd no farther; which pre-
vail'd
The Hiftory of Perfia.
239
vail'd with Ifmael to interceed for him with
the Calif, that he would confirm to him the
Lands Taber's Father had been poffefs'd of and
he had fubdu'd. The Calif comply'd with
Ifmael, and Taber having obtain'd this Grant,
return'd to Schiras. This happen'd in the Year
of the Hegira 293, of CHRIST 907, in which
Moktaf dy'd, being ſpent with luxurious Li-
ving, when he had reign'd but four Years.
He leaving no Iffue, the Empire devolv'd to
his Brother Moktader Bila.
CHA P. XXXIV.
Moktader Bila, 38th Calif, and Monarch
of Perfia.
U
Ifmael's
I idories
Nder this Calif, Mahamed Ben Arun So-
moni, who, as was faid before, routed
and flew Ben Zeyd Alaway, recover'd the Pro-
vinces of Gerion and Tabarftam, and was ap-
pointed Governour of them by Ifmael, King
of Maurenabar, rebell'd and march'd to the
City Rey, which he poffefs'd himſelf of by
Intelligence with fome of the Inhabitants.
Ifmael being inform'd of it, mov'd towards and Dest",
him, Arun fled, and he purfu'd him through
Casbin, Zemian and Tabarftam, which he reco-
ver'd, but could not take him. He fecur'd
his own Dominions, and march'd again into
Turkestan, fubduing other Provinces and King-
doms, and having taken an ineftimable Booty,
return'd to Maurenabar, where he dy'd, in the
Year of the Hegira 295, of CHRIST 909,
leaving the Kingdom to his Son Hamed, whom
the Calif confirm'd in it, with additional Ho-
becauſe the Califs being look'd upon
nours;
گھر
25
:
240
The History of Perfia.
as Sovereigns, both in Spirituals and Tempo-
rals; they did not reckon their Title to what
they poffefs'd as altogether good, without
their Confirmation, tho' they often difpens'd
with this Nicery.
Taber being poffefs'd of Schiras, and the o-
ther Lands the Calif had reftor'd to him, and
being abroad a Hunting in the Province of
Sanghery Sifton; Saughery, a Slave to Leis, his Unklè
feizes Xi- Aly's Son, furpriz'd Schiras, and made himſelf
ras.
Mafter of it. Taber hafted to recover that
Place, but being met by Saughery, was routed
and taken, with one of his Brothers, and fent
Priſoner to Bagdat, when he had reign'd fix
Years. Saughery, for the more Security, fecur'd
Leis, the Son of Aly, under whoſe Pay he
had rofe fo high; as alſo another Brother of
his call'd Madel, and fent them Priſoners to
Bagdat. This happen'd in the Year 300 of
Ann. 914. the Hegira, and of CHRIST 914.
Calif's
Viciffi-
tudes.
Hamed, the Son of Tacub, great Grandfon
to Leis. found means to eſcape, being made
Prifoner, and finding the Country of Siftom
in Confufion, enter'd and fubdu'd it in nine
Months, killing many of the Disturbers, and
dy'd himſelf foon after, leaving his Goufin
German Calif Ben Hamed in his Place. This
Man deſigning to go in Pilgrimage to Mecca
and Medina, committed the Government of
his Dominions to his Kinfman, Taber Ben
Ocem, who, as foon as he was gone, revolted,
and refus'd to admit him at his Return. Ca-
lif went away to Bokara, in Maurenabar, to
crave the Affittance of Manfur, who granted
his Requeft, and he return'd to Sifton, whence
Taber was fled for Fear. Calif being reſtor'd
to his Kingdom, and fetled in Peace, dif-
mils & the Forces Manfur had fupply'd him
with,
The History of Perfia.
241
wi'h, and Taber- perceiving him difarm'd, en-
te rd Siftom again, and made himſelf Mafter
of it. Calef was a fecond time affifted by
Manfur, and in his March back to Sitom,
was inform'd of Taber's Death, and that his
Son Ocem had fucceeded him, who, upon his
Approach, ſhut himſelf up in a ftrong Hold,
which Calef fo cloſely befieg'd, that being de-
ftitute of all Hopes of holding out, he alfo
had Recourſe to Manfur, who writ in his Be-
half to Calef; and he for his Sake, permitted
Ocem and his Followers to depart towards
Bokara, where Manfur gave them Lands to
live on. All thofe Countries were Tributary
to Manfur; but Calef being fettled in Peace,
took little Care to pay his Acknowledgment,
tho' it was demanded of him; whereupon
Manfur fent the fame Ocem against him, with
a numerous Army. Calef, not daring to en-
counter him, withdrew into a Fortreſs, which
was impregnable by Art and Nature. There
he was befieg'd for the fpace of feven Years,
which oblig'd Manfur to fend another Ge-
neral call'd Aboaly Ben Seniur with more For-
ces to join Ocem; whereupon Calef abandon'd
Darek, fo that Fortress was call'd, and left ic
to Manfur's Forces, and was by him after-
wards reſtor❜d to his Kingdom. He had after
this many other Wars, with various Succefs,
in one of which his Son Taber expell'd him
the Kingdom, and thruft himfelf into the
Throne. The Father finding no other way
to remove him, feign'd himſelf fick, and
caus'd it to be given out, That he was dying,
and defir'd to fee him; pretending to difcover
where he bad bid much Treafure, and to forgive
all his Faults, fince he was his Son, and he could
not but love bim better than any other. The co-
B
vetous
242
The History of Perfia.
罩
​}
#
Hamed's
Govern-
ment.
1
vetous and unwary Son, being more credü-
lous than he ought to have been, went to fee
his Father, who flew him with his own Hand,
and recover'd his Kingdom. After this he a-
gain loft and recover'd it twice, and at laft
dy'd, leaving it to his Son Abu Afes.
Hamed Ben Ifmael, who, upon the Death of
his Father, was fetled in the Poffeffion of the
Kingdom of Maurenabar, by Confent of the
Calif™ Moktader, took a Progrefs through his
Dominions, and entering Samarcand, feiz'd his
Unkle Ezach, who then govern'd that Pro-
vince, upon fufpicion that he had Thoughts.
of revolting; but foon after reftor'd him to
his Liberty and Government. Tabarftam re-
bell'd twice, and was both times reduc'd, and
the Rebels punifh'd. In the Year of the He-
gira 298, of CHRIST 912, he reduc'd Si-
tom, and the next Year gave the Government
of Nixabur to his Coufin Manfur, Son to the
above-mention'd Ezach. In the Year 914, as
he was Hunting, News was brought him that
Tabarftam had revolted a third time, which
Ant. 914 made him withdraw difcontented into his
1
Tent, where his Slaves murder'd him that
Night in his Sleep. His Body was carry'd to
Bokara, and there bury'd, when he had
reign'd fix Years and four Months. He was
very brave, but paffionate and pofitive, Qua-
lities mif-becoming any Man, and much more
in a Prince. He left a Son call'd Nacere Ben
Hamed, ten Years of Age, whom one Hamed
Ben Hamed Leis, then Schena, or Governour of
Bıkara, took upon his Shoulders, and the Mul-
titude following him about the City, caus'd
the Boy to be proclaim'd King, and all Per-
fons to fwear Allegiance to him. The Child
thus born about, wept bitterly, and ask'd,
Whitber
The History of Perfia.
243
Whither they were carrying of him? And whether
they defign'd to murder him, as they had done his
Father? But being affur'd of his Safety, was
quiet. Nacere, as has been faid, was an In-
fant, whence enfu'd all the Miſchiefs King-
doms are ufually fubject too, that have Chil-
dren for their Kings. Ezach, Unkle to the
deceas'd King, was at Samarkand, he hear-
ing of his Nephew's Death, advanc'd with
his Army to Bokara, where Nacere was, who
was otherwife call'd Amir Seyd. He, tho' fo
young, upon good Advice, fent a Com-
mander, whofe Name was Hamuybe, againft
him, by whom Ezach was twice defeated, and
the last time fled to Samarkand, Hamuybe pur-
fuing him. Alyas, or Elyas, Son to Ezach,
had been left Governour of that City, who
hearing of the Approach of Hamuybe, for-
fook his Father and fled. Ezach deliver'd him-
felf up to Hamuybe, who carry'd him to Bo-
kara, where Nacere, or Amir Seyd, kept him
till he dy'd, and upon his Deceaſe his Son
Manfur, who was Governour of Nixebur,
made War on Nacere, and was join'd by Ocem
Ben Aly, one of Nacere's Generals, who was
difcontented. Hamuy be march'd againſt them,
but before he could engage, was inform'd
that Manfur was dead. Ocem Ben Aly profecu-
ted the War by himfelf, which lafted not
long, for in the firft Battel fought, he was
routed, taken, and carry'd away to Bakara.
Nacere had fent one Hamed Ben Sal to govern
the Province of Karafon, who ufurp'd the So-
vereignty of it, and marching with Forces
into thofe of Gerien and Marwo, poffefs'd
himſelf of them. Hamuybe, Nacere's General,
march'd againft, defeated and fent him Pris
foner to Bokara, where he dy'd in Gaol, a-
R 2
bout
244
The History of Perfia.
An. 914
Infurre-
tion of
Ley lahe.
Abufuia's
jirange
Dream.
bout the Beginning of the Year of the Hegira
301, and of CHRIST 914. At the fame time
dy'd the Calif Moktader,having reign'd 7 Years.
CHAP. XXXV.
Jafar Ben Matazed, 39th Calif; Affairs of
Perfia, during his Reign.
U
PON the Death of Moktader the Calif-
ſhip was beſtow'd on his Brother Jafar
Ben Matazed, who enjoy'd no more Peace
than his Predeceffors; for one Leylabe Ben
Naaman, made a fuccefsful Irruption from the
Country of Tabarftam into the neighbouring
Provinces. Nacere fent an Army to oppofe
him, which was defeated in a Battel, fought
at Nuchan in the Territory of Tus. Leylabe's
victorious Soldiers laying down their Arms,
fell to plundering the Enemies Camp, which
Nacere's Men obferving, they rally'd, and fell
on them with fuch Refolution, that they re-
cover'd the Victory and Booty, taking Leylahe
Prifoner, whofe Head they ftruck off
At the fame Time, another rebell'd in the
City Rey, which Nacere himfelf recover'd, and
leaving Siniur to command there, with a good
Garrifon, march'd away himfelf to Maurena-
bar. In the Year of the Hegira 313,of CHRIST
926, one Azfar Ben Schyruybe broke into the
Dominions of Perfia, for the better under-
ftanding whereof I will lock back a little,
with my ufual Brevity. One Abufuia, a very
poor Perfian, but of a noble Family, as def
cended from the Ancient Kings of Perfia, had
three Sons, Emadudauleb Aly, Accm and Akmet,
this latt is faid to have dreamt one Night, that
from
The History of Perfia.
2 45
from his Privities there iffu'd a Fire, which
burnt a confiderable part of the Country, and
that the Flame afterwards dividing into three
Parts, continu'd for a long Time. Being
frighted with this Dream, he told it to an A-
frologer, who affur'd him, he fhould Lord it
over many Provinces, and his three Sons
fhould fucceed him. One Makon Ben Kaly
had then poffefs'd himſelf of Tabarſtam, Abuſ-
uia put himſelf into his Service, with his three
Sons, under the Command of Azfar Ben Schi-
rughe, Mardawege Ben Zad and his brother Waz
maguir. Azfar rebell'd against Makon, main-
taining War againſt him a whole Year, at the
End whereof Makon dy'd, and Azfar poffefs'd
himſelf of Rostandade, Rey, Casbin, Habar, Ze-
nion, Taromia and Amedon, in the Territories.
whereof he made dreadful Havock.
march'd againſt him with a powerful Army;
and after feveral Encounters, they came to a
Compoſition, in the Year of the Hegira 317,
and of CHRIST 930, Azfar remaining pof-
fefs'd of most part of what he had got. Du-
ring Nacere's Abfence there had been fome
Commotions, which were foon quell'd by his
Prefence,but the War did not altogether ceafe
during his Life.
Nacere
Whilft thefe Things hapned in Perfia, great Comical
Multitudes of Arabs mutiny'd in Arabia, who Superſtiti-
breaking into the Temple of Mecca, plunder'd it hometans.
on of Ma-
of immenfe Treaſure the Superftitious Devo-
tion of the Moores had laid up there, carrying
away a Stone held by them all in mighty Ve-
neration, which was there at that Time, and
perhaps is ftill; which they remov'd to Cufa.
The Mahometans tell a thouſand Fables con-
cerning this Stone, as that Adam brought it
from the Terreftrial Paradife, when he was ex-
R 3
pell'd
246
The History of Perfia.
}
An. 933.
pell'd thence; that it afterwards fell into the
Hands of Ifmael, Abraham's eldeft Son, and in
Procefs of time came to be laid up at Mecca.
They add, that whereas it was naturally extra-
ordinary white,it turn'd very black upon being
touch'd by Sinners, fo that it was a fort of
Touch-ftone for Sins. I have mention'd this
Fable, becauſe it is ridiculous, and now return
to Calif Jafar, who having been fo 20 Years,
was in that of the Hegira 320 and of CHRIST
933, murder'd by his Soldiers, who in his Place
fet, up his Brother Kaber Bila Mahamed Ben
Matazed.
CHA P.
XXXVI.
Kaher Bila Mahamed the 40th; Razy Bila
Mahamed the 41th, and Moktafy Bila
Ebrahim, the 42th, Califs.
K
Aber Bila Mahamed Ben Matazed. Brother
to Jafar deceas'd, was advanc'd to the
Califhip, and held it but a Year and a half,
when the Soldiers put out his Eyes; and ad-
vanc'd to the Throne Razy Bila Mahamed, Son
to M.ktader, who made one Eben Mokal his Wa-
zir or Vizier, and a few Months after caus'd his
light Hand to be cut off,and him to be hang'd,
for having writ a Letter of little Moment in
his Name, without acquainting him. Till this
Time it had continu'd in ufe, that the Califs
fhould preach themfelves,explaining their Sect
to the People, but this Man order'd that the
Wazirs or Viziers fhould do it for them. Bila
and Pesti- Razy reign'd four Years, and dy'd in that of
the Hegira 326, of CHRIST 939. His Brother
Muktafy Bila Ebrabim fucceeded him, in whoſe
Days there was a mighty Famine in Bagdat,and
Famine
fence.
}
was
1
1
The History of Perfia.
247
was follow'd by a dreadful Feftilence, fo that
the Country was almoft unpeopled. When
Moktafy had reign'd four Years, in the 330rb
of the Hegira and of CHRIST 943, the Sol-
diers put out his Eyes, without which he liv'd
24 Years, but his Son Moftachfy Abdela was
put in his Place.
M
CHA P.
XXXVII.
Moſtachfy Abdela, 34th Calif.
Oftachfy Abdela being enthron'd instead
of his blinded Father, to fhow what
hapn'd in his Time, we will return to Nacere,
who we faid above had compounded with Az-
far; who having always had Wars to employ
him,fell fick of a Pthifick,by the Arabs and Per-
fins call'd Zeb, and dy'd in the 38th Year of
his Age, which was 331 of the Hegira, and of
CHRIST 944, when he had reign'd 28 Years.
He was affable, generous, and well belov'd,
and caus'd his eldeft Son Ifmael to be fworn Nacere
Sovereign, whilft he was himfelf yet living: dyes.
but this Son dy'd before the Father, fo that an-
other younger call'd Nucben Nacere facceeded
him: we will now leave him, to fay fome-
thing of Abufuia and his Sons, who ferv'd un-
der Azfar.
He after having made his Compofition with
Nacere, as was faid above, fent Emandudaule A-
ly, the elder of the three, with his other two
Brothers, and fome Forces to Carge, and
march'd himſelf towards Hifphaon, the Capital
of Hierak, then govern'd for the Calif by one Emandu-
Mozafar Ben Yacut,who not daring to give him daule pof-
Battel, abandon'd the Country, and went a-
leffes him-
way to Schiras, where his Father Jacut was a.
R 4
Go-
Jelf of Per-
248
The History of Perfia.
Great
Treajur:
isund.
Governour. Being both joyn'd, they advanc'd
together towards the Enemy, whom they met,
fought, and routed, and he efcap'd by Flight.
Emandudaule Aly was at this Time with his two
Brothers at Loreftam, Tacut mov'd towards
them, and gave the firft Charge with his Infan-
try, who had all Pots full of Naphte,or Bitumen,
with lighted Matches to caft in among the E-
nemy, as they did; but the Wind hapning to
be contrary, were fo far from doing any Harm
to their Adverfaries, that the very Men who
threw them were burnt. Tacut's Horfes being
frighted at the Flame, fled full Speed, and he
follow'd them, leaving Edmandudaule Aly a rich
Booty, with abundance of Gold and Silver,
which increas'd his Power, and encourag'd his
Men, with whom and his Brothers he enter'd
Perfia, and fubdu'd it, without much Bloodshed.
He fettled his Refidence at Schiras, the Capi-
tal, which he forbid his Army to plunder, ran-
fcming it with his own Money. Emandudaule
took up his Quarters in Jacut's Houſe,and foon
after began to grow uneafy for Want of Mo-
ney to pay his Army, which long in Arrears,
demanċed it in an infolent Manner. This Care
perplexing him, he withdrew into his Bed-
chamber, and threw himſelf on the Bed,where
locking up towards the Ceiling he perceiv'd a
hideous Snake,feveral times thruft its Head out
at a Hole and draw it back again. ly in a
Fright call'd out ordering the Ceiling, which
was of Plaifter, as they are all in Perfia, to be
pull'd down, and the Snake to be kill'd, no
focner had he spoke but it was done, and that
with many other Snakes found there kill'd:
but at the fame Time was difcover'd a mighty
Treaſure Jacut had hid there, and which prov'd
more than enough to pay the Soldiers.
Scon
The History of Perfia.
249
Soon after hapned another pleafant Acci-
dent, which was this. Emandudaule fent for a Pleasant
Taylor, to cut out fome Garments, and when Accident.
he was come, through a Miftake, inftead of
calling for a Yard to meaſure with, ask'd for a
Stick; the Taylor, who had ferv'd Yacut, think-
ing it was to beat him, told him, he might fave
himſelf that Trouble, for he would confefs all
the Truth without it, which was, that he had
ſeventeen Chefts in his Houfe, left him to fe-
cure by Tacut. Aly was well pleas'd with the
Diſcovery, and the Chefts being brought ap-
pear'd full of Erocades, all forts of Silks, and
other things of extraordinary Value, whereof
the Taylor had his Share.
Whilſt theſe Things haped in Perfia, Nue Nue fuc-
had fucceeded his deceas'd Father in the Go- ceeds Na-
vernment of Maurenahan, Karafon, Nixabur, and cere.
other neighbouring Provinces. Hmuybe, the
famous General above fpoken of, who had
ferv'd Nacere,feeing his Son in the Throne, im-
mediatly departed his Dominions, fearing left
he fhould keep in mind fome Uneafinefs there
had been between them before he was King,
and revenge himſelf now he was fo. Nue being
inform'd of it, writ to him in fuch affectionate
Manner,that Harnuybe thought good to return,
and Nue made him Governour of Samarkand.
Nue made War in feveral Places, under the
Conduct of his Generals, but always unfuccef-
fully. He therefore refolv'd to try his own
Fortune, took the Field, and detatch'd one
Aboaly to the City Rey, who poffefs'd himſelf
of it, in the Year of the Hegira 333, of Christ An. 946.
946, and was appointed Governour of it, till
many Complaints being brought against him,
Nue fent Ebrahem Ben Siniur to fucceed him,
whom Aboaly after feveral Encounters, defeat-
ed
250
The History of Perfia.
Marda-
der'd.
7
ed twice, and advancing to Bekara, en-
ter'd, and would have burnt it to the Ground,
had he not been prevail'd upon by Entreaties
to defift. Nue afterwards recovering his Loffes
made moft dreadful Examples of many, who
had deferted him,and gone over to hisEnemy.
Emandudaule Aly ftill continu'd at Schiras,
wege mur. where News was brought him,that Mordawege,
whom he had fe v'd, was murder'd by his Sĩa-
ves, as he bath'd himſelf. Hereupon he imme-
diatly fent away his Brother Rokna Daule Acem
to Hyerak and Rey, who poffefs'd himſelf of
them; and entering into a Confederacy with
Aboaly, who was with Variance Nue, obtain'd
of the Calif the Inveftiture of Karafon, which
being granted Aboaly went thither, and Nue
dy'd foon after, for Grief as was reported,leav-
ing his Son Abdul Malek to fucceed him. As
foon as Emandudaule Aly had diſpatch'd his Bro-
ther Roknadaule Acem, as was faid above, he alſo
fent out the other Mokayzedudsule Achmet to
Kermon, which he made himſelf Mafter of,and
having fecur'd it with ftrong Garriſons, ad-
vanc'd to Bagdat, enter'd it by Force, and hav-
ing taken the Calif Moftachfy Abdala, put out
his Eyes, when he had reign'd 4 Years and 4
Months, in the Year of the Hegira 334, of
CHRIST 947, fetting up Motyah Bila Fazele
Ann. 947. Ben Moktader in his Place.
Calif
blinded
and de-
pos'd,
CHA P.
XXXVIII.
Motyah Bila Fazele, 44th Calif.
TH
HIS Calif being enthron'd, the Super-
ftitious Stone, mention'd above to have
been carry'd away by the Arabs from Mecca
to
The History of Perfia.
251
Zeal of
to Cufa, was now ranfom'd, för ten times its
Weight in Gold, and reftor'd to the Place
from whence it had been taken. To this
purpoſe I remember a Paffage, which being
very remarkable, and an Inftance of true Don Con-
Chriftian Zeal, I will briefly infert in this ftantine
Place. Don Conftantine de Braganza, being de Bra-
Vice-Roy of India for the Crown of Portugal, ganza.
among the other noble Actions becoming his
high Birth by him perform'd in thofe Parts,
was the Subduing of the Kingdom of Jafana-
patan, whence, befides many other Things of
Value, was brought away a Monkey's Tooth,
held in mighty Veneration, and ador'd by
thofe Heathens, as having belong'd to a Mon-
key, into which they faid one of their Gods
had transform'd himfelf, and done mighty
Wonders in rescuing the Wife of one of thofe
Gods, which had been ftolen away from
him, as may be ſeen in the Idolatrous Stories
of Goninda, Ramak and Quifna. This Mon-
key's Tooth being carry'd to Goa, the neigh-
bouring Infidels were much concern'd to be
depriv'd of a Thing they had fo great a Va-
lue for, which made them refolve to fend a
folemn Embaffy to Goa, to propofe the Ran-
foming of it. They went and deliver'd their
Meffage, offering a vaft Treafure for the
Tooth. A Council was call'd to debate a-
bout it, and many learned Men admitted,
and the Refult was, That notwithstanding the
Sum offer'd for the Tooth was fo confiderable, yet
they ought rather to prefer their Zeal for God's Ho-
nour, and to deprive the Gentiles of fo confiderable
an Object of Idolatry and Scandal. This being
refolv'd, they brought the Embaffador to the
open Place before the Vice Roy's Palace,
which they call Terreiro do Viforey; that is, the
}
Vice-
252
The History of Perfia.
Death of
Vice-Roy's Court, or Square, and in the Pre-
fence of a vaſt multitude of People, and all
the principal Perfons in the City, the Tooth
was fhew'd them, and they ask'd, Whether that
was the very Tooth they demanded and offer'd to
ranfom? They anſwer'd, with moſt reſpectful
Awe and Submiffion, It was. Then imme-
diately before their Faces it was caft into the
Fire, prepar'd on purpoſe, where it was
burnt; then taken out again in their Pre-
fence, put into a Mortar, and pounded to
fine Duft, which they caft into the River
that runs close by. Thus giving them to un-
derſtand what fort of Gods they worshipp'd,
and the uncorrupted Zeal of Chriftian Reli-
gion. I have here mention'd this, in refe-
rence to what was faid of the Arabs ranſom-
ing their Stone.
In the Year of the Hegira 337, which was
Ann. 949 of CHRIST 949, Emandudaule Aly fell fick,
and perceiving his End drew near, call'd to
him his Nephew Azududaule, Son to his Bro-
ther Rocknadaule Acem, appointing him his
Succeffor, and dy'd the beginning of the fol-
great Men. lowing Year. About the fame time Waxmag-
nir being a Hunting, a Wild Boar he had
wounded turn'd upon his Hoife, difmounted
and kill'd him. Befides thefe, other Princes
and famous Generals departed this Life much
about the fame time, among which were Mo-
ezedudaule Achmet at Bagdat; Acem Ben Feru-
zan in Tabarſtan; Kafur Haxidy at Grand Cay-
ro, and the Emperor of Conftantinople; Abow-
ly Ben Machamed Algas at Bokara, and Seyf-
daule at Damafcus. In the Year of the Hegira
345, and of CHRIST 957, there rag'd a
Pestilence great and univerfal Peftilence throughout Ka-
and Broils. rafon, Koeftam, and the other Dominions of
Per-
The History of Perfia.
253
Perfia; which was follow'd by fresh Commo-
tions and the greateft Confufions, that had
ever been yet, for all Men did what Mifchief
they could to others, every one was afraid of
his Neighbour, and no Perfon thought him-
felf fate.
Abdul
In the height of this Confufion, which laft-
ed fome Years, and the Year of the Hegira Ann. 962.
350, which was of CHRIST 962, Abdul Ma-
lek, Son to Nue, playing at Bandy a Horfe- Manfur
back, as is ufual in Perfia, and I have feen it fucceeds
ſeveral times, fell from his Horfe and dy'd,
• Malek.
when he had reign'd feven Years and fix
Months. His Brother Manfur fucceeded him.
Albataquin was Wazir, or Vizier, to the late
Abdul Malek, whilft he was living, and now
with all his Might oppos'd the Enthroning of
Manfur, whofe Party nevertheless prevail'd,
and Albataquin, attended by 3000 Horfe that
adher'd to him, fled to Gazmin. Manfur fent
15000 Men after him, who coming to a Bat-
tel on the Borders of Balk, were defeated.
The fame Fate attended a fecond Party fent
after him. Manfur confidering his good For-
tune, and that he did not defign him any far-
ther harm, forbore fending after him any
more, and march'd with his Forces to Hye-
rack and the City Rey. Rocknadaule Acem,
who was in Poffeffion of that Country, took
the Field, and fent one of his Sons with fome
Forces into Karafon, to give Manjur a Diver-
fion. Schamguir, who was Rocknadaule's Gene-
ral, happen'd to die at this time, and his Poft
was given to Abul Ocem, who finding both
Princes inclinable, propos'd a Peace, which
was concluded; upon Condition that Reckne-
daule fhould pay to Manfur 150000 Dinars of
Gold, as a Yearly Tribute, which amounts
ΤΟ
254
The History of Perfia.
(
3
་
to above 220000 Ducats; and as a farther
Confirmation of what had been agreed, Man-
fur took to Wife Rocknadaule's Niece, Daugh-
ter to his Brother. In the Year of the Hegi-
Ann. 975.74 363, of CHRIST 977, the Calif Motyah
Bila having reign'd 29 Years and 6 Months,
was feiz'd with a violent Palfy, which ob-
lig'd him to refign the Government to his Son
Tayba Abdel Camin, and he dy'd two Months
after, as did Manfur two Years after, when
he had reign'd 15 Years, and his Son Nue
fucceeded him.
CHAP.
XXXIX.
Tayha Abdel Carim, 45th Calif.
TA
Ayha Abdel Carim, Son to Motyah, fuc-
ceeded his Father in the Califfhip, as
was faid above, or in the Year 367 of the
Anu. 979. Hegira, and of CHRIST 979, dy'd Rockna-
daule, leaving his Son Azududaule, King of
Hierak, who extended his Dominions confide-
rably. Nue Ben Manfit, who had fucceeded
his Father in Maurenabar had foon Buſineſs e-
nough upon his Hands ; for tho' Albataquin,
who had fled from him, and whom he had
Caufe to fear, was dead; yet Schabus, the Son
of Schamguir, his Father Manfur's General,
feiz'd on his Provinces of Gerion and Tabar-
ftam.
Some Differences arofe between Azadudaule
Discord a-
mong the
and his Brother Fakoradaule, whom the other
Daules. invaded, and he fled to Kabus, who receiv'd
and entertain'd him with extraordinary Civi-
lity and Refpect, offering to affift him wich
his Perfon, and all he was worth. Azadudaule
offend-
}
The Hiftory of Perfia.
255
offended at his Courteſy, march'd againſt
them, and gaining a Battel, recover'd Geriem
and Tabarftam. Soon after Kabus and Fakora,
being affifted by Nue Ben Manfur, turn'd again
upon Azadudale, and reducing Geriom, ob-
lig'd him to retire into a Fortreſs, which
they laid Siege to. Within two Months, the
Besieged began to want Proviſions, and there-
fore corrupted one of the Enemies Command-
ers, and fallying on a fudden, as had been
concerted between them, the faid Command-
er fled with all his Men, which others obfer-
ving they did fo too, and by that means the
Siege was rais'd. Nue, who at this time was
at Nixabur (we will here go on with him to
the end of his Life, and then return to the
Daules, to avoid Confufion) understanding
the ill Succefs of his Confederates, order'd
his Wazir, or Vizier, Abul Accm, to raiſe fresh
Forces, with which he fet out towards Aza-
dudaule; but falling fick,defifted from his En-
terprize at that time, and Fakorodule's Bro-
ther dying foon after, he became Lord of all
his Dominions. There enfu'd mighty Trou-
bles, which foon ended with the Death of the
Ringleaders. At this time dy'd Abul Ocem,
Wazir, or Vizier, to Nue, a very ftrange Ac- Sudden
count whereof was given, viz. That being Death of
with a fhe Slave, he was extreamly fond of, Abul O-
he dy'd fuddenly, which was very furprizing co
to all that heard of it. He left two Sons, the
one call'd Boaly, who fucceeded him in the
Government of Karafen and Nixabur; the o-
ther Faech, whom Nue made Wazir, or Vizier,
of Hyerat. Thefe two envying one another,
their Enmity grew fo high, that it broke out
into a War. Boaly march'd against Faech,who
fled to Marvo, where he form'd a numerous
Army,
com.
256
The History of Perfia.
His Sons
Boaley
and Faech.
A
to
Army, with which he mov'd towards Bokara.
Nue was highly offended, and fent againft him
his two Generals Junabak and Bakturun, with
a fufficient Power to curb him, as they did,
and he being routed, fled to Balk, whence he
proceeded to Tremed, and thence writ to Bok-
rakham, King of Turkestan, exciting him to
make War on Nue. Whilft theſe Diſorders
were ſtill afoot, Aboaly Ben Acem writ to
Nue, demanding in Return for the migh-
ty Services done by himſelf and his Fore-
fathers, to him and his Predeceffors
be made fupream and only Governour of the
Provinces of Karafon and Maurenabar. Nue
granted it, believing he had a faithful Sub-
ject of him. Aboaly being once poffefs'd of
thofe Lands began to play the Tyrant, and
tho' feveral times admonish'd to behave him-
felf with more Moderation, was fo far from
complying, that whilft he made his own Pre-
parations, he writ to Bokrakan, King of Tur-
keftan, inviting him to join in invading the
Dominions of Nue, which they would con-
quer and divide between them. Bokrakan
was eaſily perfwaded, and they both began
to break into thofe Provinces. Nue fent his
General Junaback, who had defeated Faech,
pell'd his to oppofe them, but he was routed and
Kingdom. fent Prifoner into Turkestan. Nue found him-
felf in Diftrefs by this Lofs, and thinking it
a prudent Part, in time of need, to make
ufe of Friends and Enemies, was reconcil'd
to Facch, and concluding that the Kindneſs
he had fhew'd him, had fecur'd him to his
Intereft, fent him to fecure Samarkand. As
foon as he was there, being inform'd that Bo-
krakan was advancing towards him, tho' he
might have defended himſelf, he would not;
Nue ex-
bus
The History of Perſia.
259
+
-
but leaving all the Country to him, he went
away to Bokara, out of mere Spight to Nue,
who he pretended had wrong'd him. This
Action quite funk all Nue's Refolutions, fo that
being deftitute of all means to oppoſe the
Enemy he left the Kingdoms. Bokrakan with
all poffible Speed poffefs'd himſelf of Samar-
kand, and proceeded thence to Bokara, where
Faech join'd him, and was by him difmifs'd
with a good Army, towards Balk and thoſe
Parts. Nue skulking about, crofs'd the River
Gehun, and made a Stand near Hamuxet, where
abundance of his People reforted to him by
feveral ways; which daily increaſing, and
with them the Hopes of Succeſs, Nue writ to
Aboaly, putting him in Mind of the Favours
he had receiv'd at his Hands, and perfwading
him, with Promifes of ftill greater Rewards,
to return to his Service. Aboaly return'd a
plauſible Anſwer, at the fame time contriving
to kill him. Bakrakan now fell dangerouſly
fick, and no Medicines availing, by the Ad-
vice of his Phyficians, he return'd towards
Turkeftam, hoping his own Country Air
would recover him, but the Distemper in-
creaſing, he dy'd by the way. The People
of Bokara being inform'd of it, purfu'd his
Army, making a mighty Slaughter of them,
and recovering the Booty they were carrying
off, which was of an immenfe Value. Upon
this good Succefs, Nue return'd to his Domi- Reftor'd to
nions, where he was receiv'd with univerfal it.
Joy. The King of Turkeftam's Death put Aboa-
ly to a Nonplus, whereupon he reſolv'd to put
himfelf into Nue's Hands, which his Brother
Faech underſtanding, tho' his mortal Enemy,
he procur'd an Interview, to diffwade him from
that Deſign, as he did, and they both refolv'd
S
to
258
The History of Perfia.
Routs A-
boaly,
and Faech.
to make War joyntly on Nue; who before
thefe Troubles had fent a famous General call'd
Sabutaquin, to make new Conqueſts in India,
whence he was now return'd victorious, with
a mighty Booty and the Reputation of a won-
derful Mafter in the Art of War. Nue gave him.
the Charge of this War, who gathering what
Forces he could, advanc'd to Gazneben a fa-
mous Territory in Karafon. Aboaly being in-
form'd of the Preparations that were making
against him, thought fit to provide against any
Misfortune and to that End courted the
Friendship of Fakorodeule, which he purchas'd
with many Prefents of great Value. Nue and
Sabutaquin let out from Nixabur in Queſt of A-
boaly, attended by the Governours of Balk, Ge-
riom and Gergeftam. Aboaly expected them with
a good Army, which Fakorodaule had reinforc'd
with ſome Veteran Troops, and Darab Kabus
had joyn'd them with a good Body of Men.
Thele advancing from Hierat, the two Armies
encamp'd in Sight of one another. When they
were to ingage, Absaly took upon him the Com-
mand of the main Body, committing the right
Wing to Faech, and the left to his other Bro-
ther call'd Abul Kocem Ben Siniur. Nue gave the
Command of his two Wings to able Generals,
and was himſelf in the Center, with Amir Sa-
butaquin and Seyfodaule. At the firft Charge A-
booly's two Wings broke chofe of Nue,who con-
cluding himfelt loft, gave fuch a furious On-
fet with all the main Body of his Army, as ob-
lig'd his Enemy to give Ground. This was the
Pofture of Affairs when Darub Kabus deferting
Aboaly went over to Nuc, which fo daunted A-
boaby's Troops, that they were cafily put to
the Rout, and he with his Brother Faech fled
to Nixabur. After this Victory and Dividing
the
The History of Perfia.
259
the Spoils, which were very confiderable, Nue
appointed Mahamud, the Son of Amir Sabuta-
quin his General, at the Requeſt of his Father,
and went away himſelf to Bokara, Sabutakin to
Gazneben and Mahamud to Nixabur; whence
the two Brothers Aboaly and Faech, withdrew
themſelves to Geriom, in the Dominions of Fa-
korodaule, who receiv'd and entertain'd them
with much Affection; but they by their ill
Carryage fo much difgufted him,that they loft
his Favour. Aboaly perceiv'd it, and in Return
for all the Favours receiv'd at his Hands would
have murder'd him, and ufurp'd his Kingdom.
Faech would not confent to it, but diffwaded
him from entertaining any fuch Thoughts, ad-
vifing, that fince Nixabur was ill provided,they
fhould make an Attempt upon it. Mahamud
fufpected their Defign, and gave notice to the
King and his Father, demanding fome Sup-
plies, but before they could come, the two
Brothers defeated him, taking Poffeffion of the
Country, and he fled. Sabutaquin being in- They are
form'd of what had hapned, march'd his For-
again de-
ces with all poffible Speed from Siftom to Nixa- feated.
bur. He found Aboaly at Thus, and gave him
Battel,in the Heat of which Mahamud appear'd
with the Forces he had rally'd, and falling on
the Enemies Rear, they made a dreadful
Slaughter of them, moft of thofe that were left
alive being taken Prifoners. The two Brothers,
with much Difficulty got into Culat, a very
ftrong Place, whence with fome fmall Re-
mains of their routed Army they got away to
Marwo. Thence they made Application to
Nue for Pardon, who granted in to ziboaly, up-
on Condition he fhould act cu Gerionia
1
without his Leave, which he asos pred of cho
against Faech's Will, who went away to Hoch-
262
The History of Perfia.
Aboaly
dyes in
Prijon.
kan, King of Turkestan, Succeffor to Bokrakan.
One Abu Abdula, Governour of Koarrazm was
an Enemy to Aboaly. This Man furpriſing Ge-
rionia, carry'd him away Prifoner. The Go-
vernour of Gerionia, who had him in Charge
from Nue, drew out his Forces, attack'd Kat,
where the Governour of Koarraz then was,
and with much Expence of Blood took him
Prifoner, and recover'd Aboaly. Returning in-
to his own Province, he clofely confin'd the
Governour of Koarrazm, and treated Aboaly
very courteouſly, feafting him highly every
Day, and upon one of them, when they had
drank plentifully, Mahamud, the Governour of
Gerionia, order'd the Governour of Koarrazm
to be brought before him, and ftruck off his
Head. This done he writ to Nue, begging A-
bealy's Pardon, who anſwer'd, he had long
fince forgiven him, and ordering he ſhould be
fent to him, becauſe he had Matters of great
Moment to communicate to him. Mabamud
fent him, and as foon as arriv'd at Bokare, he
was cloſely confin'd, where he dy'd.
His Brother Faeck, who had fled to llecbkan,
perfuaded him, to make War on Nue, who
being inform'd of what was in Agitation, or-
der'd Sabutaquin, with the Troops under his
Command, to expect him between Kebx and
Necaf, where he was joyn'd by his Son Maba-
mud, with a good Body of Men from Nixabur,
which with another Supply fent by Nue form'd
a potent Army. Things being in this Poſture,
an Accommodation was propos'd, and con-
cluded on Condition, that Faech fhould have
the Government of Samarkand. This ended all
thoſe Confufions in the Year 385 of the Hegira,
AB. 996, and of CHRIST 996, Nue enjoying Peace all
the rest of his Life, which ended in the Year
of
The History of Perfia.
263
of the Hegira 387, of CHRIST 998, when he
had reign'd 22 Years, leaving a Son call'd A-
bul Hares Manfur in his Place.
Whilft theſe things hapned in the Provinces
of Uzbek, Maurenabar and Karafon, the lower
Parts of Perſia were not idie; for the Daules, The Aftions
of whom we ſhall now treat again, continuing of the
their Broils kept it continually harrafs'd. Azu- Dacles.
dudaule, with whom we broke off above, as
foon as he came to the Crown, fent his Son
Abul Favares to Kermen, to reduce a Gover-
nour of his, who had there revolted from him,
whom he overthrew. At this Time dy'd Moe-
zedudaule, King of Bagdat, Brother to izadu,
leaving the Throne to his Son Baktear, and
charging him before his Death, in all things
relating to the Government, to be advis'd by
his Unkle, and fome difcreet Wazirs of Viziers,
he left him. He did quite the contrary, which
gave Occaſion to Sabutaquin, and after him to
Albataquin, to invade his Territories with great
numbers of Turks, and advancing as far as Wa-
cet, they brought him to Diftrefs. Baktear de-
fir'd Aid of Azudu, who made great Expedition
with it, and they overthrew the Turks, purfu-
ing them to Bagdat,where they fhut themselves
up, and Baktear befieg'd them. They after per-
forming Wonders in their Defence, being com-
pell'd by Neceffity, abandon'd the City, and
went away with the Calif to Tecrit, a Town in
Diarbek, on the Banks of the River Tigris. Bak-
tear took the City, and calling home the Ca-
lif, deliver'd it up to him. Azadudeule was much
offended at it, and fecur'd his Nephew, but
foon after releas'd him. Having put an End to
his Expedition, Azadudaule bent his Force a- of Azudcī
gainst Hyerak in Arabia. Baktear during his Ab- daole
fence, invaded his Dominions, making mighty
S 3
Ha-
262.
The History of Perfia.
be-
Havock. The Unkle turn'd back upon him,
upon the fift Notice, and Baktear retir'd to
Moful, a great City in Diarbek,where many
lieve Ninive flood. One Abuſaleb was then Go-
vernour of it, who joyn'd Baktear with 20000
Men. The two Armies met at Tecrit, Azudu-
daule obtain'd the Victory, Abufaleb fled, and
Baktear was taken, whofe Head his Unkle
caus'd to be immediatiy ftruck off, being then
36 Years of Age, and having reign'd eleven
Years and fome Months. Azududaule lik'd the
Country of Moful, which is very good, and
ftaid there, fubduing other Provinces from
An. 982. thence. In the Year of the Hegira 368, and of
CHRIST 980. He order'd Bagdat to be re-
built, becauſe it had been almoft ruin'd during
the late Troubles. He for fome Years eas'd the
People of the mighty Taxes they paid, caus'd
many Wells to be dug along the Roads; en-
courag'd the Learned Men of his Sect, Philo-
fophers, Phyſicians and Poets; gave the Chri-
ftians that liv'd in his Dominions Leave to
build Churches, allowing them fomething of
his own towards the Charge,in the Year of the
Hegira 371, and of CHRIST 982 he built a
noble Hoſpital at Bagdat, and endow'd it with
a confiderable Revenue, and anorher not infe-
rior to it at Schiraz, and having perform'd ma-
ny other Works becoming a good Prince, he
was feiz'd with a Sera, which is a Frenzy, and
His Death. dy'd in the Year of the Hegira 372, of Chrift
A. 983. 983, when he had liv'd 47 Years, and reign'd
34. He left three Sons, Scherfadaule, Schamf
daule, otherwife call'd Abulganiar Marfabane,
and the 3d Babaodaule. The two eldeft divided
the Dominions between them; but were not
fo fatisfy'd. Scherfadaule kept Perfia, and Scham-
daule Bagdat, whom Scherza feiz'd at an Inter-
view;
The History of Perfia.
263
view; but Scherfa dying, in the Year of the
Hegira 379, of CHRIST 990, his Brother
Schamfdaule or Abulganiar Marſabane, who was
then a Priſoner, was fet at Liberty and en-
thron'd in his Place. This Man made his youn-
ger Brother Boabodaule his Affociate in the Go-
vernment, but fome Differences arifing be-
tween them they fell out, and Schamfdaule ma*
de War upen the other by Means of one Boya-
y Ben Hoftud Hormoz, who perfecuted him to
the utmoſt, and when he had leaft Hopes of
Redrefs, News was brought him, that the Sol-
diers having demanded their Pay of Schamf-
daule, and he refuſing to give it, they mutiny'd,
and ſcaling a ſtrong Hold, where four Sons
and fome Kinſmen of Baktear, above ſpoken-
of, were Priſones, they fet them at Liberty.
Then many more joyning them, they affault-
ed Schiras; Sebamfdaule, who was in that Ci- Scham-
ty fled, they purfu'd and took him at Dudmon daule's
two Farfanges or Leagues from the City,whither
he was brought back, and put to Death, with
his Mother, after he bad reign'd nine Years
and 6 Months, in the Year of the Hegira 380, An. 991,
and of CHRIST 991. Bobaodaule fucceeded
him without any Oppofition.
Death.
Fakoro-
Fakorodaule, as has been faid above,was King
of Geriom. He being ingag'd in a War with daule's
one Sabayd Hebad, who had more Men and Death.
Money, obtain❜d a Victory over him, and took
a mighty Treaſure. Having put an End to this An. 989;
and other Wars of no great Confequence, in
the Year of the Hegira 378, of CHRIST 989,
being in his Fortrets of Tabarak at Dinner, he
fell eagerly upon fome roaft Beef, and eat
Grapes after it extravagantly, which gave him
fuch a terrible Pain in the Stomach,that he ex-
gir'd in a few Hours,his Death was very little la-
S 4
mented
266
The History of Perfia.
mented by reaſon of his tyrannical Life; and
there enfu'd fuch Commotions and Confufions
in the City, that they could not find Leifure
to bury him, till the unfufferable Stench of his
Body oblig'd them to lay it under Ground.
He left feveral Sons, the eldest of which, as yet
very young, was call'd Maindudaule, with whom
and his Mother Sayda we fhall foon go on. We
muſt now return to Babao Daule, who being
advanc'd to the Throne, took into his Service
Boaly, that Commander, who made War on
him for his Brother, and employ'd him to ex-
pel the Sons of Baktear out of Perfia. The el-
deft of them call'd Abu Nacere went away to-
wards Kermon, and falling unexpectedly with
ſome Forces that attended him on Abujafar,
who was Governour there, drove him out of
that Country, and poffefs'd himſelf of it. Ba-
Abunace, bao Daule fent Moufeck against him,who fought
and routed him, and as he fled,a Servant of his
own met and ran him through, which Death,
they fay, had been long before foretold him.
Moufek plac'd faithful Governours in Kermon,
and being fatisfy'd with his Victory, return'á
to the King, who gave him an honourable Re-
ception; but being mifreprefented by fome of
his Enemies, he was feiz'd that very Day, and
ſoon after put to Death. In the firft Year of
Daule's his Reign Babao Daule depos'd the Calif Tayba
Abdel Carim Ben Mutya, when he had held it
17 Years and 2 Months, and in his ftead ſet up
Kader Bila Hamed Eben Ezach Eben Mohtader, to
fuch a Condition was the Califfhip then re-
duc'd. After this Boaly dy'd at Bagdat in the
Year of the Hegira 401, and Babao Daule in 401,
which is of CHRIST 1013, at the Age of 42
Years and 9 Months, and having reign'd 24.
re murderd
by his Ser-
vant.
Bohao
Death.
An. 1013.
CHAP.
The History of Perfia.
267
CHA P. XL.
Kader Bila Hamed, 46th Calif.
A
Ader Bila Hamed, the Son of Moktader, was
promoted to be Calif, in the Place of Mu-
tya, as was faid above, and tho' this Dignity was
now come to fuch a Paſs, that only the Name
of it feem'd to fubfift, the Power being quite
loft, yet it ftill preferv'd a fort of Spiritual Au-
thority and Jurifdiction, and as fupreme in that
Senfe was in fome meaſure refpected, according
to the more or leſs religious Difpofition of the
Princes that fat on the Thrones of the feveral
Kingdoms. Thus the Califs continu'd for fe-
veral Years longer, fometimes riſing and fome-
times declining, as the Times prov'd, but al-
ways much more inconfiderable than they
had been.
Gerion.
It was faid above, that Fakare Daule, King
of Gerion dy'd of a Surfeit of roaft Beef and
Grapes. His Son Maindu Daule fucceeded him, Maindu
and tho' under Age was proclaim'd King, his Daule
Mother Sayda, a Woman of extraordinary Wif-King of
dom governing for him, and by her Prudence
maintain'd the Kingdom in Peace and Profpe-
rity The Son grew up, would needs take up-
on him the Government, and began to beſtow
Commands, without the Advice or Confent of
his Morher, which fhe refenting, retir'd to the
Fortress of Tabarak. One Aboaly, who had been
made Wazir or Vizier againſt her Liking, fearing
fhe might occaſion ſome Troubles, if fhe de-
parted the Kingdom, caus'd Guards to be po-
fted on the Roads, to prevent her. His Care
prov'd ineffectual, for the found Means to ef
cape, and went away to Kufestam, where one
Badre Acem Nuybe was Gouvernour,who being
in-
€66
The History of Perfia.
inform'd by her of what had hapned between
her Son and her, rais'd a confiderable Army,
and they both march'd againſt Maindu Daule,
who was in the City Rey. The King and his
Minifter Aboaly were routed and taken, and
His Mother the Government fell again into the Hands of
Sayda u Sayda, who manag'd it with much Wiſdom and
rp'd the Difcretion. Mamud Gazney was at this Time
Throne.
King of Karafon and Maurenabar, and had been
always victorious in Warlike Expeditions quite
round him. He now fent an Erbally to Sayda,
asking her Confent, that no Money might be
current in his Kingdom but his own, coin'd
in his Name and bearing his Arms, fignifying
he should reſent a Refufal. She anfwer'd with
a manly Refolution, that were her Husband a-
live, fhe would not be very apprehenfive of his
Threats, becauſe being a Man,they two might
happen to meet; but that he being a Widow
Woman, was fully perfwaded, he was of too
generous a Temper to wrong her. This ap-
peas'd him for the prefent. Some time after,
he was reconcil'd to her Son, but did not put
him into full Poffeffion of the Government;
but fent Scham Daule, another Son,Governour
to Amadon, and a third call'd Abu Fafar to Iſ-
She dyes. paban. She kept the Kingdom in Peace and
An, 1030. Quietnefs till the Year of the Hegira 420, of
CHRIST 1030, when ſhe dy'd, and all fell
into Confufion; for Sultan Mamud Gazney
march'd to Hierak, being joyn'd at Mazande-
ron by Manucher, the Son of Kabas, and Grand-
fon to Wax Maguir, of whom mention has
been made; yet he believing the others Com-
pany might prove dangerous to his Domi-
nions, return'd home on a fudden, departing
the Camp without Mamud's Leave; however
fearing he might take Offence at it, he endea-
vour'd
The History of Perfia.
267
vour'd to appeafe him with many Gifts of
great Value, Abundance of Provisions for his
Army and 4000po Dinares in Gold, which a-
mount to near 600000 Ducats. But in re-
gard it is long fince we left Karafon, it will
be proper for us to return thither.
Nue dying, as was faid above, his Son Abul
Hares Manfur fucceeded him in his Throne,
who made Buktuzun his General.
Karafon,
Ileckkan
invaded him, as he had done his Father, and Manfur
being come to Samarkand, was there join'd by King of
Faech, who was Governour there, whom he
fent with a fufficient Force to Bokara, the Re-
fidence of Manfur. He abandon'd the City,
and fled beyond the River Amuye. Faech en-
ter'd the City, and having affur'd the Citizens,
that he came not to wrong the King, but to
ferve and affift him, he return'd, and being
convinc'd that what Faech faid was real, gave
him Baktuzun's Poft, and Baktuzun the Go-
vernment of Karafon. Sabutaquin dy'd about
this time, and great Strife enfu'd between his
Sons Mamud and Ifmael about dividing his
Lands and Inheritance, which was decided by
the Sword, and Ifmael being too weak for
Mamud fled. Then Mamud march'd to Kara-
fon, which was his Government, and finding
it poffefs'd by Baktuzun, on whom the King
had conferr'd it, fent to complain of it by
Letter, defiring it might be reftor'd to him,
who in lieu of it gave him the Government
of Balk, Termed and Herat. This did not fa-
tisfy Mamud, but in his Difcontent he march'd
towards Nixabur, where the King was, who
not daring to ftand him, fled, without ftop-
ping, as far as Cerkas, which I fuppofe to be
Circaffia. However Mamud, fearing to be
look'd upon as a Rebel, turn'd off without
feeing
Flies from
Mamud.
270
The History of Perfia.
feeing Nixabur. Upon the News hereof Mak-
tazun was come to affift King Manfur, whom
he met returning after his Flight, and com-
plain'd to Faech, that he had not been treat-
ed by him with the Honour he expected.
Faech laying hold of this Opportunity, dif-
clos'd his Mind, telling him what his Intenti-
ons were towards Manfur, againſt whom they
both confpir'd, and put out his Eyes at an
His Eyes Entertainment, when he had reign'd but one
put out.
Ilechkan
Year and feven Months, and enthroning a
younger Brother of his call'd Abdel Malek.
Mamud hearing what had happen'd, march'd
against the Traytors, who not daring to op-
poſe him, made away with ſpeed, Baktusan
for Nixabur, the new King with Faech for Bo-
kara, and Abul Cazem Siniur for Koeftam. Thus
Mamud remain'd poffefs'd of all Karafon, a-
gainſt whom Baktuzan and Faech join'd their
Forces again, but Faech dying, the Expedi-
tion came to nothing.
İlechkan, King of Turon, or Turkeftan, hear-
ing of theſe Troubles, advanc'd with his Ar-
my near Bokara, whence he fent to acquaint
Abdel Malek, That he was come thither to
affift him. The poor Youth giving Credit to
his Words, fent the beft Commanders he had
to return him Thanks, whom Ilechkan fecur'd.
takes Ab- Abdel Malek in a Fright contriv'd to make his
del Ma- Efcape, and abfconded till a fair Opportuni-
ty offer'd. Ilechkan march'd up to the City,
and took it, order'd the Roads, Gates and
Walls to be guarded, and a ftrict Search being
made for Abdel Malek, he was found, and fent
away to Uskand, where he dy'd in clofe Con-
finement. His Subjects proclaim'd a younger
Brother of his King, but he held it not long.
lek.
This
The History of Perfia.
271
This happen'd in the Year of the Hegira An. 1000.
398, of CHRIST 1000.
Royal Fa-
Ilechkan being thus poffefs'd of Bokara, fe- Confines
cur'd the blind King Abul Hares Manfur, his all the
Brothers Abu Ebrahem Montecer and Abu Yacub,
› mily.
all Sons of Nue, and their two Unkles Abu
Zacharia and Abu Saleck, with others of the
Royal Family, all whom he confin'd a-part
from one another, where they were attended
by llechkan's Women Slaves, each of them ha-
ving one appointed to ſerve him. She that
waited on Abu Ebrahem Montecer took a Kind-
nefs to him, and refolving to fet him at Li-
berty, cover'd him one Day with her Chan-
del, which is a Cloth us'd by the Women like
the Veils in Spain, and thus difguis'd fhe con- Montacer
vey'd him out of Priſon to a Friends Houfe escapes.
of hers, where he continu'd conceal'd, till
the Search after him was over. Then he de-
parted Bokara, and went away to Koarrazm,
where great Numbers reforted to him, fo that
he fent an Army to Bokara, under the Com-
mand of a General call'd Arfalon Balu, who
coming to a Battel with Jafar Taquin, Ilech-
kan's General, defeated and took him, with
many other Perfons of Note. Arfalon Balu
march'd on ravaging the Country, as far as
Litele Cantarcy, where he was met by Taquin
Kan, Ilechkan's Governour of Samarkand, who
was alſo routed. Montecer return'd to Bokara,
where he had a good Reception. Ilechkan
Ilechkan Makes
foon came against him, and Arfalon Balu
join'd Montecer, both of them paffing the
River Gebun. When they came to Nixabur,
Amir Nacer, the Son of Mamud, who was
Governour there, abandon'd the Country,
and fled to Herat, where his Father refided;
who underſtanding what had happen'd, took
the
War on
Ilechkan..
270
The History of Perfia.
the Field with his Forces to meet Montecer,
who not daring to meet him, went off by
the way of Effer aken to the Dominions of
Kabus. This Prince fent to receive him with
many Prefents of great Value, which, if we
may believe Merkand, were ten Horfes, with
all their Firniture of Gold, thirty of Silver,
and thirty of Silk; thirty Camels loaded with
rich Carpets, Brocades, and many other
Things of Value; fifty Vefts of rich Brocade,
and a great Sum of Money, befides Gifts in
particular for all his Commanders. Kabus had
intended to fuccour him, and advis'd him to
go away to the City Rey, whither he would
fend him a confiderable Supply, under the
Command of his two Sons Darab and Manu-
cher, to fecure that Place. He did fo, but
then changing his Mind, he went away from
Rey to Damion, and Darab and Manucher re-
turn'd to their Father Kabus. This happen'd
in the Year of the Hegira 391, of CHRIST
An. 1002: 1002.
bis.
At this time Mamud fent his Son Amir Na-
cer, with a General call'd Altuntax to reco-
ver Nixabur. Abul Kacem and Arfalon Balu
oppos'd him for Montecer, but loft the Day.
Various E. Nacer took Nixabur, Montecer fled towards
vents of Iburd, Nacer purfu'd him, and he turn'd back
towards Gerion. Kabus being inform'd of it,
and offended at his Incivility towards him,
poſted 2000 Men in a País to obftruct him
entring his Dominions. Montecer took ano-
ther way, and upon a fmall Difguft, put Ar-
falon Balu to Death, which render'd him very
odious to all his Men. The War was profe-
cuted between him and Nacer with various
Succefs, till at laft he was entirely defeated in
a Battel, and having loft most of his Men, as
he
The History of Perſia.
271
as he fled with fome few Followers, fell into
the Hands of the Turkimans, that is, the Turks,
who live in the open Fields and Deferts with
their Cattle, like the Arabs, as fhall be elfe-
where more particularly defcrib'd. They
knowing him, as having been in Amity with
his Father, entertain'd him courteoufly. He
gather'd a good Number of them, and march'd
into Maurenabar, where Ilechkan met him with
a confiderable Army. As they lay incamp'd
near one another, the Turkimans one Night
by Surprize, fell upon llechkan's Camp, and
killing many of his Men, put the reft to
Flight, and return'd to their Hords with the
beft Part of the Booty, about the beginning
of the Year 393 of the Hegira, and of
CHRIST 1004. The Turkimans being gone An. 1004.
back to their Families, Montecer crofs'd the
River Gehun, without Bridge or Boats,becauſe
it was frozen over in that cold Seafon.
Turkimans, who had affifted him, repenting
that they had left him any Part of the Booty,
return'd to take it away, but coming to the
River by Day, found it thaw'd, ſo that they
could not purfue, and he went off fafe. One
Abu Jafer, a mean Fellow, who from being
a Highway-Man, was grown up to a Prince,
had poffefs'd himſelf of Marwo. Montecer
crav'd fome Aid of him, which he not only
refus'd, but oppos'd him. They came to
Blows, and Montecer routed him.
The
In his way from thence tolburd,he had ano-
ther Encounter with Abu Nacer, the Gover-
nour of that Province,which prov'd very bloo-
dy and dangerous, hapning in the Night, but
Abu Nacer was routed, and kill'd. Montecer
finding no place of Safety beyond the River,
repafs'd it again,and meeting with the Schena,
OF
す
​3
274
The History of Perfia.
or Governour of Bokara, loſt the moſt of his
Men, and with fuch as could follow him, he
affaulted Bokara by Night, and took it. Ilech
Kan hafted thither immediatly, they met in
the Territory of Samarkand, fought, and Ileck
Kan was overthrown, with whofe Plunder
Montecer's Army was enrich'd. This was in the
An. 1005. Year 394 of the Hegira, and of CHRIST
1005. Ilech Kan having recruited his Army,
advanc'd again towards Montecer, and found
him when thoſe who had affifted him, were
gone, and what was worfe, one of his Generals
went over to Ilech Kan with 4000 Men,which
made him deſpair of being able to ftand it,and
he fled. Being come to the River Gebun, and
finding no Poffibility of fording it, nor any
other Conveniency to crofs it, he lay there
all that Night, without any other Proviſion
for himſelf, or Men, but the Beaſts that had
been kill'd in the Froft. He made feveral Coun-
termarches to blind the Enemy,till he came to
Roeftam, always purfu'd and hated on Account
of the Inconftancy of his Fortune. He came
to Bokara with very few Followers, moft of
his Men difgufted having deferted to Soleymon
and Safay llek Kan's Generals. The Gover-
nour of Bokara promis'd to affift him, but
he knowing that the aforefaid Soleymon and
Safy were in Purfuit of him, left the Ci-
ty. Mamud, who was then Lord of Karafon,
had committed certain Lands to the Cuftody
of Ebenbayg, an Arabian Commander. Monte-
cer enter'd his Liberty, and hid himſelf in a
poor Houfe. Maruyh, who was in Search for
him, was inform'd of it, attack'd the Houſe at
His Death. Night, with fome Arabs, and kill'd him. This
ended the troubleſome Life of Montecer in the
A. 1006. Year of the Hegira 395, of CHRST 1006.
Maba
The History of Perfia.
275
Mahamud, tho his Enemy was much concern'd
at his Death, and kill'd Maruyb, who had ſlain
him, with exquifite Torments.
from the
Kabus Ben Waxmaguir had been peaceably Kabus def
poffefs'd of his Lands, in the Province of Ka- cended
rafon, eighteen Years. He was defcended from
Kings of
the ancient Kings of Perfia, and the only Man Perfia.
that had no fhare in the late Troubles; for
being difcreet and rich,he fo manag'd his Af-
fairs, that by Dexterity and Prefents he gain'd
the Affections of thofe whofe Ambition fpar'd
no Man. Amir Sabutaquin, after defeating A-
boaly in Karafon,came to Bekara, where he con-
tracted ftrict Friendship with Kabus, whom he
was very defirous to ferve and oblige. Fakoro
Daule, as has been faid, was Lord of Gerion,
him Sabutaquin refolv'd to difpoffefs, in order
to fettle Kabus in that Government. To this
purpoſe he borrow'd roooo Men of Ilech Kan,
which with his own Troops would have form'd
a confiderable Army, and he mov'd to expect
them at Balk, but before they could come,
Death fnatch'd him away. Fakoro Daule
dy'd alſo, and left his Son Mayndu Daule to
fucceed him, under the Tuition of his Mother
Sayda, as was faid before. Abul Kacem refided
at Rumes, and upon the Death of Sabutaquin
took part with Kabus, with whom he agreed
to conquer the Lands of the deceas'd Fakoro
Daule, and to divide them between themſelves.
They invaded the Country two feveral ways.
Rabus advanc'd to Nixabur, whence he de-
tatch'd Sfabed Scbarear, one of his Comman-
ders, who meeting with Roftam Marzabab,Un-
kle to Daule, that was marching with his For-
ces to defend the Frontiers of Gerion, fought Invades
with and routed him. By this Victory he Gerion,
not only got a great Booty, but reduc'd a
I
con-
276
The History of Perfia.
confiderable Parts of the Province under the
Obedience of Kabus; and they poffefs'd them-
felves of Amal, a Place of Conſequence in the
Province of Tabarftam. Acen Feruzan advan-
cing to recover this Place, thoſe who were in
it, with Sfabed Scharear, gave him Battel,which
he loft, and was made Prifoner, with 20 more
Is pro-
of his Commanders. Thefe Succeffes put Ka-
claim'd bus in Hopes of greater, and therefore to lofe
King. no Time, march'd immediately into Gerion,
An, 1011 where he was proclaim'd King, in the Year
of the Hegira 0, of CHRIST 1011. He had
afterwards teme Rencounters with the Enemy,
but was always fo fortunate, that he reduc'd
all Gueylon, a very large Province, where he
plac'd his Son Manucher Governour, fending
mighty Preſents to Mamud, by that means to
fecure himſelf the better in his new acquir'd
Dominions. Kabus valu'd himſelf fo much up-
on doing impartial Juftice, and was fo rigo-
rous in the Execution of it, that tho' he had
been before much belov'd, he came to be
hated for Cruelty, and his People refolving to
endure him no longer, fome rufh'd into his
Tent, in the Camp, whom he with much Dif-
ficulty efcap'd, and made his Way to Boftam;
whilst they,venting their Spleen on the Tent,
plunder'd all they found in it, which was of a
confiderable Value. Next they fent for Manu-
cher, the Son of Kabus, who was Governour of
Gueylon, offering to enthrone him, upon Con-
dition he fhould neither revenge the Wrong
done to his Father, nor any way aid him a-
Dutiful gainst them. Munucher would have accepted,
nefs of his provided his Father confented, but requir'd
his Leave firft, which they would not agree
to, and he preferring his Duty to his Father
before the Crown, left them and went away.
Son.
to
The History of Perfia.
277
to his Father; who having Regard to the Du-
tifulness of his Son, would not permit him to
continue in his Service as he defir'd, but fent
him back, refigning up the Crown and all the
Right he had to it. Thus Manucher was put
into Poffeffion of the Throne, with the Ap-
probation of all Men, and Kabus retir'd to live
in the Fortress of Kafchek,where the People of
Gerion, fearing he might whilft living do them
fome Harm, murder'd him; Manucher at that
Time being ignorant who the Affaffines were, His Death.
tho afterwards he difcover'd it, and made Ex-
amples of them.
Kabus
King.
Manucher, the Son of Kabys, otherwife call'd Manticher
Malech Almaly, being poffefs'd of the Lands his Son of
Father had enjoy'd in the Provinces of Gerien
and Gueylons, where Maydu Daule had ftill a
good Share, fent Embaffadors to Sultan Ma-
mud, to put himſelf under his Subjection, pay-
ing 50000 Dinares a Year, which amounts to
about 70000 Ducats. Mamud gave him one of
his Daughters to Wife,but foon after the Wed-
ding Manucher dy'd, leaving his Crown to his
Brother Darab.
him.
Darab the Son of Kabus and Brother to Ma- His Bro-
nucher, was concern'd, as has been faid, in the ther Darab
Troubles that hapned between Nue and Boaly, fucceeds
fiding at firft with the latter, tho' afterwards
he went over to Nue, upon whofe Death he
poffefs'd himſelf of his Part of the Kingdom of
Gerion, and went to ferve his Father, who fent
him to Tabarftam to fecure his Poffeffions there.
Some Mifdemeanours in that Government
being laid to his Charge, he clear'd himfelf
before his Father, but taking Offence that he
had been accus'd, he went away to Mamud,
who receiv'd and entertain'd him honoura-
bly; yet he by his ill Behaviour loft Mamud's
Favour,
T 3
278
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Favour, and being ſenſible of it, ftole away
to Schafchar, King of Gargeftam,who at the Re-
queft of Mamud fent him back.
At laft be
fucceeded his Brother in the Throne, where
he fat not long.
Here Mirkond inferts all the Exploits of Sa-
butaquin in India, which I omit, as not proper-
ly belonging to this Hiflory, the' I fhall brief-
ly recount the Actions of his Son Mamad in
thofe Parts between whom and bas Brother
Ifmael, upon their Father's Death, there enfu'd
much Strife, which was decided by the Sword,
as was faid above. Ifmael being defeated, fled,
and Mamud having feried perpetual Amity
with liech Kam, made feveral Invaſions, as his
Father had done, into India, where the great
Victories he obtain'd, and the Booties he car-
ry'd off, made him powerful and terrible.
ions in However, Ilech Kam not regarding the Friend-
Karafon fhip that had been contracted between them,
and Mau- took the Opportunity of his Abfence once, to
renahar. invade his Country, fending his Kinfman Ja-
far Taquin with Forces to Balk. Arfalon Balu
had the Government of Herat and all Gazneben,
as far as Bagon, which are large Provinces, un-
der Mamud. The Garrifons of thefe Places op-
pos'd Ilech Ham and Jafar Taquin. At the fame
Time Mamud being inform'd of this Breach,
left the War he was engag'd in with India, and
return'd with all poffible Speed to Karafon. He
advanc'd towards Jafar Taquin, who broke up
his Siege from before Balk and retir'd. Ma-
mud fent Arfalon Balu after him, but Taquin
went away into the Province of Maurenabar.
Mamud Mocen Ben Tak, one of Mamud's Commanders
King there. met him in Serkas, but was defeated and kill'd
by Taquin, whom Arfalon Balu fill purfu'd, till
being attack'd by the People of Gueylon, he was
by
The History of Perſia.
279
by them overthrown, and efcap'd with a few
Followers to Marwo, where Mamud expected
him; who underſtanding which Way Taquin
had taken, purfu'd him, marching his Army
feveral Ways, that they might not mifs of him.
Abu Abdalu, an Arab and one of his Comman-
ders met and routed him. Taquin having loft
a Brother and feveral Kinfmen, and Perfons
of Note, that were taken Prifoners, with thofe
few that could eſcape, país'd the River Gebun,
and joyn'd lleck Kam, who was much con-
cern'd at this Lofs, and being himſelf unable
to begin a new War, begg'd the Affiftance of
Kader Kan, King of Ketao Kotan, which we
call Cathay, who complying with his Roqueft,
rais'd a numerous Army in Ketao Kotan, Turke-
Stan and Maurenabar, and having joyn'd lleck
Kan,they pais'd the River Gehun. Mamud hear-
ing of theſe mighty Preparations, went away
from Tabarftam, where he then was, to Balk,
and march'd thence with a noble Army of
Turks, Colanys, Gazneys and Avegarys to meet He defeats
his Enemies They came to a Battel, and Ma. Ilech Kan.
mud's Forces began to give way, which he ob-
ferving, almoft in Defpair,rufh'd into the thick-
eft of the Enemies, making a mighty Slaugh-
ter, and met with Ileck Kan, whom his Ele-
phant tofs'd up into the Air. Then Mamud's
Men took Courage again, and preffing upon
their Enemies, put them to Flight. This was
one of the moft bloody Battels that was
fought in that Age, and hapned in the Year An. 1008.
of the Hegira 397, of CHRIST 1008.
This Victory enabled Sultan Mamud to pro- His Alti-
ceed in the Performance of his Vow, which ons in In
was to undertake an Expedition yearly, either dia.
in Perfon or by his Generals into India, to
convert thofe Heathens to his Sect. Being
T 3
now
280
The History of Perfia.
now at Leifure, he march'd himſelf, and was
met by Bal, one of the Kings of thoſe Parts,
with a numerous Army. The Fight lafted
whole Day, and at length Mamud obtain'd a
compleat Victory over the Indians, who leaving
behind a rich Booty,and 40 warlike Elephants,
retir'd to a Fortrefs, that was look'd upon as
impregnable, as being feated in the midſt of a
fpacious and deep Lake, where they had laid
up all the Wealth and Treaſure of their Pa-
gods, or Idol Temples, which was ineftimable.
Mamud befieg'd them, Provifions fell fhort,
they furrender'd, and Mamud entering the
Place, took all the Booty, which according
to Mirkond, was feven Millions of Drachmas of
Gold; 700 Mans of Gold in Ingots, which is
2800 Marks, at 8 Ounces a Mark; a great
Quantity of Pearls and precious Stones, and
many other things of great Value, all laid up
in a Houfe where that Treafure was fecur'd.
Mamud return'd with this Booty, and what he
found in other Places, to Gazneben, leaving
trulty Perfons to fecure the Provinces he had
An. 1011. Conquer'd in India. This was in the Year of
the Higira 400, of CHRIST 1011. The next
Year he made another Expedition, penetra-
ting as far as the Lands of the Gaores, which is
Guzarat, Mahamed Ben Sury, General of the
Baneons, offer'd to make good a Paſs againſt
him, but was routed, and a Son of his taken,
who rather than continue in Captivity, made
away with himſelf, taking fome Poifon car-
ry'd in a Bracelet.
There happen'd a great and general Famine
Dreadful at this time in the Country of Karafon, where-
Famine. in feveral Mothers eat their own Children,
and Men and Women devour'd one another,
without regard to Age, Sex, or Condition.
lechkan, after lofing the mighty Battel above
ſpoken
The History of Perfia.
281
;
dat.
fpoken of, was gone into Maurenabar, and un-
derſtanding that his own Brother Togan Kan,
who had been with him in that Fight, had
fent to make his Excufe to Mamud,he march'd
against him but Mamud interpofing, they
were reconcil'd. Mamud having compos'd
thefe Troubles, march'd to Bagdat, and laid
clofe Siege to it. The Calif. Kader Bila was Mamud
in the City, who feeing.no Poffibility of ma- takes Bag
king a Defence, furrender'd, and fatisfying
him with five Millions of Drachmas, every
Drachma is a Royal Plate, or Six-pence, Ma-
mud left him, and return'd to Perfia. Schiror
Abu Nacer, the Son of Abu Mahamed, was pof-
fefs'd of the Lands of Gurgeftam ever fince the
Days of Nue, the Son of Manfur, having had
the Government deliver'd up to him, when
he was come to Age, by his Father, who re-
tir'd to lead a private Life. When Aboaly re-
bell'd againſt Nue, he invaded Schafcbar, and
drove him out of his Province, and Amir Sa-
butaquin, Father to Sultan Mamud, receiv'd
him into his Service, and having afterwards.
poffefs'd himſelf of thofe Lands, reftor'd
him to them. Abu Mahamud afterwards
ferv'd Mamud, who rewarded him with con-
firming the Kingdom to him, and many other
Favours. Mamud was about marching isto
India, and would have taken Abu Mahamud
with him, who excus'd himfelf; Mamud took
no Notice of it then, but after his Return fent
Altun Tax and Arfalon Balu against him; the
Father had Recourfe to him, whom Mamud
treated very honourably, and fent him away
to Bagdat, but depriv'd his Son of the King-
dom. He withdrawing into a Fortress, was
there taken, and put to the Rack, to oblige
him to diſcover a mighty Treaſure he was re-
ported to have; then carry'd to Mamud, who
T 4
again
282
The History of Perfia.
again caus'd him to be cruelly fcourg'd, and
caft into Prifon. He fent for the Father from
Bagdat, and giving him the Value of all the
Poffeffions he had in Gurgeftam, remov'd him
to Gazneben, where he gave him better Lands
to live on near his Perfon, and there conti-
nu'd till the Year of the Hegira 406, of
An. 1016. CHRIST 1016, when he dy'd.
His other
Expediti.
ons.
Mamud having fettled his Affairs at home,
went again into India, where he gain'd migh-
ty Victories, and took an immenfe Booty.
At this time dy'd Maman Koarrazin Scha, and
left his Son Aboaly to fucceed him. This
Prince marry'd one of Mamud's Sifters, by
which he gain'd his Friendship, and enjoy'd
Peace the fhort time he liv'd; but after his
Death, his Dominions fell to his Brother Ma-
man Ben Maman, who foon after dy'd fudden-
ly, not without fufpicion of Poifon, fuppos'd
to have been given him by one of his Com-
manders, call'd Nealataquin. A Son of his
fucceeded him; but Mamud being concern'd
at his Death, and refolv'd to revenge it,
march'd his Army into Korrazon. Nealataquin
attack'd him one Morning at break of Day
by Surprize, with fuch Vigour, that the E-
vent was long doubtful; but at length Ma
mud obtain'd the Victory. Nealatagain in his
Flight would have crofs'd a River, and quar-
relling with the Owner of the Boat, becauſe
he went too flow, he knew him, and being
imboldned by his Condition, with the Help
of his Comrades, bound and deliver'd him to
Mamud, who was well enough inclin'd to
have pardon'd him, but for his Infolence and
Difreſpect to his Perfon, caus'd him to be
hang'd, beftowing the Government of Kora-
zon on Altuntax. Mamud, after this, march'd
again
The History of Perfia.
283
again into India, where he gain'd a notable
Victory over Gulkind, a Heathen King, who
being thus vanquish'd with the Lofs of 50000
Men, rather than a beautiful Wife he was
extreamly fond of, fhould fall into the Hands
of his Enemy, he kill'd her firſt, and himſelf
after: Mamud made other Expeditions into
India, where he overcame the Kings Gipal
and Tandebal, taking a mighty Booty, which
Mirkond gives an Account of at large; and I
forbear, to obferve my ufual Brevity. Ma-
mud returning to Gazzchen, built a ftately
Moſque, as a Thankſgiving for his many Vi-
ctories, and then entring Perfia,poffefs'd him-
felf of the Cities Rey and Ipahan in Hyerack,
both which, as has been faid,belong'd to Main
du Daule, leaving his Son Mafud Governour
there, and having been himfelt two Years in
a fickly Condition, dy'd in the Year of the His Death.
Hegira 421, of CHRIST 1031.
Two Days An. 1031.
before his Deceafe, he caus'd all that was moft
valuable in his Treaſures to be brought before
him, and looking on it wept; but as he faid
nothing, it is not known what Motive he
had; but in regard he order'd all to be care-
fully laid up again, it is fuppos'd it was for
Grief that he could no longer enjoy that
Wealth. Being at the Point of Death, he
fent for his youngest Son, who it is likely was
of a Walike Difpofition, and defir'd he would
promife, That after bis Death, he would carry
himself lovingly towards his Brothers, and due
Refpect to the Eldest. The young Man an-
fwer'd, He needed not to be concern'd, for he would
behave himself towards them, as he would have
done himself towards his own.
pay
Whilft thefe Things happen'd in the Pro-
vinces of Karafon, Maurenabar and Uzbek, the
Affairs
284
The History of Perfia.
す
​1
Magidu
Daule un-
thron d.
Affairs of Perfia were in no better Condition;
Magidu Daule, the Account of whom we
will now bring to a Conclufion, being
King of Gerion, was othful and negligent in
his Government. Mamud, we have juft now.
been ſpeaking of, would not let flip that Op-
portunity, but fent a General with a confide-
rable Army against him, to whom Magidu
Daule fubmitted, without ftriking a Stroke, and
put himſelf into his Hands, not queftioning,
but that fince he had no way offended Ma-
mud, he would not deprive him of his King-
dom; but he was deceiv'd, for as foon as
ever Mamud was inform'd that he and his Son
Abuzcif were taken, he repair'd to the City
Rey, and making Search for Magidu's Trea-
fure, found a Million of Dinares in Gold,
which is almoft a Million and half of Ducats,
and the Value of five hundred thoufand Dinares
in Jewels, befides a great Quantity of Gold
and Silver Plate, and other Things of much
Value. Mamud caus'd Magidudaule to be
brought before him, and ask'd him, Whether
be bad read Schanoma, which is the Chronicle of
the Kings? He anfwer d, He had. Then Ma-
mud ask'd, Whether he could play at Chefs? He
faid. He could; and Mamud proceeded, Tell
me then, Did you ever read in the Book, that two
Kings ever reign'd together in one Kingdom? Or
did you ever fee at Chefs two Kings upon one Chec-
ker? Maindu anfwering in the Negative, Ma-
mud rebuk'd him feverely, fending him, his
Son, and his Wazir, or Vizier, to Gaznehen.
Here Mamud found a noble Library, which
he order'd to be carry'd to Karafon, whither
he went himself, leaving his Son Mafud at
Rey, as has been faid.
We gave an Account before, how Babao
Daule dying in the Country of Ariam, his Son
Sul-
{
1
The History of Perfia..
285
Sultan Daule fucceeded him, who fent his Bro-
ther Gebela Daule to Xiras, and another call'd
Abul Favares to Kermon. This laft rebell'd,
and gathering a mighty Army,mark'd to Schi-
ras, o-
which he poffefs'd himſelf of, with 0- Troubles in
ther Lands, his Brothers being then abfent; Perfia and
but Sultan Daule being inform'd of it hafted Kermon.
thither. Abul Favares not daring to encoun-
ter him, retir'd to Kermon. Sultan purfu'd,
and he abandon'd that Country, and went
away into Karafon, to Hyamin Daule Hamud,
who gave him a favourable Reception, and
fome time after fent one Aby Said Tabi, and a
fufficient Force with him, to invade Hyerak.
They took Kermon, and proceeding thence
into Perfia, made themſelves Mafters of Schi-
ras. Sultan Daule was then at Bagdat, and up-
on the Receipt of this News, gathering what
Forces he could, advanc'd towards Schiras.
Abul Favares fled to Kermon, and thence to
Amadam, the Government of Schams Daule,
the Son of F.kero Daule; and thence again
to Fakkey, in the Dominions of Mazabu Daule,
who treated him honourably. Gelala Daule,
Brother to Sultan Daule and Abul Favares, was
at this time in Bazura, and writ to the latter
very affectionately, defiring he would go to
him, and they should both enjoy what he had.
An Accommodation was now propos'd and
concluded with reftoring of Kermon to Abul Fa-
vares in the Year of the Hegira 409,of CHRIST AR. 119.
1019. Acem Ben Bakao Daule was poffefs'd
of fome Lands in Diarbeck, and held private
Intelligence with one of Sultan's Prime Com-
manders, which being difcover'd, could not
be difappointed, without coming to Blows;
yet, after feveral Encounters, they agreed,
That Moxaraf Daule fhould continue Gover-
nour
-286
The History of Perfia.
nour of the Lands of Hyerak in Arabia, and
Sultan Daule remain poffefs'd of Awaz and Per-
fia. When they were both withdrawn to
their Governments, Sultan Daule fent Eben
Salah, with a good Army to invade Moxaraf
Daule, who met him with few, but Veteran
Troops, and routed him. Eben Salah in his
Flight took up in a Fortreſs, where he was
fo cloſely befieg'd by Moxaraf Daule, that af
ter devouring Rats, and all other loathfome
Vermine, he and his Garrifon were oblig'd to
furrender, upon no other Terms than to have
their Lives fpar'd. This Victory funk the
Reputation of Sultan Daule very low, and
Muxaraf Daule was fo much puff'd up with it,
that he took the Title of Schachan Scha, which
is as much as King of Kings. This happen'd
in the Year of the Hegira 411 of CHRIST
An. 1021.10ZI.
The next Year Moxaraf joining with Gela-
la Daule, he fecur'd Eben Salab, and put out
his Eyes. At the fame time Gelala Daule was
declar'd King of Bagdat, and Abuyaleb his
Wazir, or Vizier, being a Pickthank, and ill
natur'd, tho' naturally Warlike, was kill'd by
his Soldiers, upon whoſe Death, by the Me-
diation of Abul Ganiar, the Son of Sultan
Daule, there was a new Accommodation con-
cluded between him and Moxaraf Daule, in the
the Year of the Hegira 413, of CHRIST 1023;
Sultan remaining poffefs'd of Perfia and Ker-
Daule mon, and Moxaraf of Hyerak in Arabia. Two
Years after Sultan Daule dy'd at Schyraz.
An. 1023.
Sultan
dies.
His Son Abul Ganiar was then at Awas, and
had Advice fent him by Abu Mukarram, one
of his Fathers Prime Commanders, with fome
Troops to attend him on the Road. But the
Turks, or Turkymans, for they are the fame,
who
The History of Perfra.
287
who were fettled at Schiraz and in Perfia, call'a
in Abul Favares, Brother to Sultan, who was
then in Kermon, who loft no time, but hafted
thither with fuch Expedition, that he was
there before his Nephew had made any Mo-
tion, and as foon as arriv'd, caus'd Eben Mo-
karram to be fecur'd. Abul Gamar perceiving
how the Affairs ftood, rais'd Forces, and put-
ting them under the Command of Abul Ka-
cem, the Son of Mokarram, fent him to Schy-
raz, and follow'd bimfelf, with all the Troops
he could draw together. Abul Favares aban-
don'd that Province, and fled to Kermon.
Abul Gamia entring Schiraz, there enfu'd other,
no lefs dangerous, Commotions. Some were
for making War on Abul Favares, others were
more inclin❜d to Peace. Befides, the Soldi-
ers demanded their Pay, and fome Bounty
over and above of the new King. There was
no Money, and the King was a Youth, and
unus'd to fuch Exigences. To avoid Trou-
ble and Uneafinefs, he went away to Noaban-
dian, where abundance of his Men dy'd,
through the exceffive Heat, which oblig'd
him to remove from thence to Schabo and Ba-
fto. Abul Favares's Followers, who had been
left at Schiras, fent for him, and he returning,
was proclaim'd King. He prefently march'd
his Army against his Nephew, with whom he
agreed, before any Engagement, granting
him the Sovereignty of the Lands of Awaz,
and keeping Perfia to himself. The Friends
of Abul Ganiar, who were in Schyraz, and o-
ther Parts of Perfia, feeing Abul Favares lefc
in Poffeffion of it, went away to Awaz, and
being numerous, encourag'd the Youth to
have Recourfe to Arms again. He advanc'd
againft
288
:
The History of Perfia.
Abul Ga- against his Unkle, and after feveral Incoun-
mar, King ters with him, Abul Favares proving unfue-
of Perfia.
ceſsful abandon'd Schyraz, which his Nephew
enter'd, and was again faluted King of Per-
fia; of whom we fhall foon fpeak again.
An, 1026.
3
In the Year of the Hegira 416, of CHRIST
1026, Moxarat Daule dy'd at Bagdat, aged 23
Years and fome Months, when he had reign'd s
Years and 25 Days. On his Death,Galala Daule
was call'd from Buffora, to fucceed him;
but he
not coming fo foon as he fhould have done,
the Government was beftow'd on another;
which he refenting, march'd against Bagdat.
The Calif Kader endeavour'd to appeafe him
with fair Words and Intreaties, which failing,
they came to the Decifion of the Sword. Ge-
lala being at length totally routed, fled to
Baffora, with the Lofs of many Men, and a
confiderable Booty. The next Year a great
Multitude of Turks came down upon Bagdat,
which they took without any great Oppofi-
tion, then plunder'd and fet fire to it, which
confum'd the greateſt and beft part of it. This
done, to fecure themſelves against the Curdes
and Arabs inhabiting that Country, they
call'd Gelala Daule from Baffora to be King of
Bagdat; and upon his Arrival, and going to
An. 1029. Kader, the Calif's Houfe, to kifs his Foot,
was by him courteously receiv'd. In the
Year of the Hegira 419, of CHRIST 1029,
the Turks and other Soldiers demanding their
Pay, and none being given them, they broke
into the Houfe of Aboaly Ben Makula, Wazir,
or Vizier, to Gelala, which they plunder'd,
carrying away all they found in it, which
was of no fmall Value. Gelala coming to op-
pofe the Mutiny, was by them confia'd to a
Houfe, whence they fuffer'd him not to de-
Gelala
Daule,
King of
Bagdat.
part
The Hiftory of Perfia.
289
part, till the Calif undertook they should be
paid; which he perform'd himfelf, felling for
that Purpofe all he had of any Value.
*
At this time, as was faid above, Mamud
Gazneky was marching towards the City Rey,
to poffefs himſelf of it, as he did, and de-
fign'd to do by all Perfia. Abul Ganiar writ to
his Unkle Gelala Daule,telling him That it was
the time for them to unite, and jointly oppose the
Enemy, who was invading their Dominions. Ge-
lala was fo far from complying, that he rais'd
Forces, and enter'd Awaz, plundering it, and
carrying away a confiderable Sum of Money
out of his Nephew's Treafuries. At this time
there happen'd much Difcord at Baffora, be-
tween the Turks and the People of Dialema.
Malek Aziz, Son to Abu Mansur, and Grand-
fon to Gelala Daule, of whom we are fpeak-
ing, favour'd the Turkish Party, which dif-
gufting the People of Dialema, they went o•
ver to lle, and the War continu'd between
them. Abul Ganiar was at Awaz, and taking
Advantage of theſe Troubles, march'd his
Army to Bafora, and took it. Thence he
proceeded to Wacet, where all the Wealth of
Gelala Daule's Kindred and Followers fell in-
to his Hands, and Gelala thinking to have
march'd to prevent it, his Troops would not
move without their Pay. He wanted Mo-
ney, and upon that Exigency, would have
made ufe of the richeft Inhabitants of Bag-
dat, defiring to borrow it of them, which
drew upon him the general Diflike of the Peo-
ple. Abul Favares was ftill in Kermon, and
perceiving that all Things were in Confufion,
rais'd Forces to invade Perfia, but dy'd by the
Way; whereupon all the great Men of Ker-
mon, by unanimous Confent, call'd in Abd
Garni-
290
The History of Perfia.
Garnia, and conferr'd the Government on
him; and thus he became King of Perfia and
Kermon, He immediately. drew together a
confiderable Army, and advanc'd towards
Bagdat. Gelala Doule met him, they fought
obftinately; Abul Ganiar was defeated, and
fled to Awaz, having loft abundance of Men.
Gelala Daule left fufficient Garrifons at Wacet,
and return'd to Bagdat in the Year of the
An. 1032. Hegira 422, of CHRIST 1032. At the fame
time dy'd the Calif Kader, when he had been
fo 41 Years and 4 Months.
CHA P. XLI.
Kahem, or Alkahem Beamaryla Abu Ja-
far Abdula, 47th Calif.
Abem, or Aikahem Beamaryla Abu Jafar
Abdula, the Son of Kader, fucceeded
his Father in the Califfhip, in as troubleſome
Mahamed Times as there had been before. Holding on
reigns in to our ufual Method, we will return to Kara-
Karafon.
fon, where we left Sultan Mamud Gaznebi new-
ly dead, and his Son Muhamed enthron'd in
his Place. He had, among others, a Brother
call'd Mafud, to whom his Father, before his
Death, as has been faid, had committed the
Government of Rey and Ipahan. This Man
hearing of his Father's Death, and his Bro-
the's Advancement to the Throne, drew
out his Forces and march'd towards Karafon.
The People of Ifphan, who hated him for
his Cruelty, as foon as he had turn'd his
Back, rebell'd, and put the Garrifon to the
Sword. Mafud return'd, laid Siege to the
City,
The History of Perfia.
291
City,enter'd it, punish'd the Ringleaders of the
Revolt, and leaving a double Garifon, march'd
again towards Karafon; by the way writing to
his Brother, that he was going only to viſit, and
ferve him, for he had Lands fufficient to main-
tain him. Mahamed was not at all pleas'd with
Mafud's Compliment, and fent to defire he
would fave himſelf that Trouble, and return
home. Mafud took this as a Pretence to be of-
fended, for a lefs Motive would have ferv'd
him, and accordingly he declar'd against Ma-
bamed, whom many Perfons often advis'd to be
reconcil'd to his Brother; but he not regard-
ing their Advice, fent one Illuf Sabutaquin againſt
him, and follow'd himfelt with all the Forces
he could raife. He ftay'd at Tangarabat a whole
Month, to keep the Ramadan, which is their
Time of Fafting,like our Lent. About the lat-
ter End of it, Mafud came up unexpected and
befieg'd him. Not long after,by the Treachery Traytors
of his Unkle Illuf Sabutaquin, and one Amir Aly, well re-
a confiderable Man, Mahamed was feiz'd and warded.
deliver'd up to Mafud; who having fecur'd
him,punish'd the Traytors as they deſerv'd, ca-
fting the Unkle, loaded with Irons, into a Dun-
geon,and hanging Amir.This done,he advanc'd
to Gazneben,taking his Brother Mahamed along An, 1032.
with him, whofe Eyes he there caus'd to be put
out; thus remaining poffefs'd of the Kingdoms blinds and
of Karafon and Gaznehen, befides Hyerak, which depofesMa-
his Father had given him, the Government hamed.
whereofhe beſtow'd on Abufalem Hamduny,in the
Year of the Hegira 422, of CHRIST 1032. His
Unkle Aladaule Ben Kakuya, Brother to his Mo¬
ther, whofe Daughter he took to Wife, was
made Governour of Ifpahan, with Orders to be
affifting, as far as he could, to Abuzale. Hamed
Ben Ocem Maloud was made his Wazir, or Vi
V
zier;
Mafud
292
:
The History of Perfia.
Rebellion
in
zier. The following Year he fent Altuntax,
Governour of Koarrazm againſt Aly Taquin, who
had poffefs'd himſelf of Samarcand and Bokara.
Altuntax fet out by the Way of Hamuybe, redu-
cing all Parts that had revolted. Being come
to Samarkand, Aly Tarquin met him with his Ar-
my, they ingag'd, Altuntax was hard fet by
reafon of an Ambuſh Taquin had laid for him ;
yet he obtain'd the Victory, which coft him
befides the Lofs of many Men, his own Life,
and he perceiving it to draw to an End, caus'd
his Troops to come to an Accommodation
with the Enemy, to fecure them from any
Danger after his Death, which hapned the
next Day. Mafud was much concern'd, at it,
and gave his Poft to his Son Aron Ben Almatax.
In the Year of the Hegira 424, of CHRIST
In Perfia 1934, the Territories of Gibal and Rey in Per-
and India.fia, rebell'd againſt Mafud, as did the Garri-
fons left by his Father in India. At this time
dy'd his Wazir or Vizier Hamed Rea Ocem, a
Man of great Wiſdom and Conduct, whofe
Place was given to Abu Nacer Hamed, Wazir
or Vizier to Altunta, who was in Koarrazm.
In the Year of the Hegira 426, of CHRIST
1036, he march'd with his Army to Geriom
and Tabarftam, which he fubdu'd. During his
Abfence, two Turkish Commanders, call'd To-
gorek, or Togozelbek, and Jakarbek Salinguis had
made fome Commotion, but fat ftill upon
his Return. Mafud made ready to enter India,
contrary to the Advice of all his Council, be-
cauſe the Affairs of the Turks were not yet
thoroughly fetled. They upon his Abfence,
began to make In-roads barefac'd, throughout
all the Country from Karafon to Perfia, with
fo much Succefs, that they oblig'd Alao Daule
Ben Kakuya and Abufale, to abandon their Go-
vernments
The History of Perſia.
293
vernments with Precipitation, leaving them
that Kingdom, which they poffefs'd them-
felves of, with other adjacent Parts of Perfia.
During thefe Troubles Abul Ganiar poffets'd
himſelf of Tabarftam, in the Year of the Hegira
428, of CHRIST 1038. By this Time Mafud
return'd from his Indian Expedition, and two
Years after fet out again from Gazneben to-
wards Geriom. By the way he was inform'd,
that a Robber, who committed many Outra·
ges on the Roads, fhelter'd himfelf with 100
Companions in a Fortreſs near by. He drew
them out with a Safe-conduct, but as foon as
brought before him, caus'd them all to be
hang'd, alledging, that fuch Criminals ought
to be brought to condign Punishment by any
Means whatſoever. As he proceeded on his
March, fome Towns complain'd to him, that
Nur Taquin, Governour of Balk, opprefs'd them
with Tyranny and Extortions. He mov'd to-
wards him with very much Difficulty, becaufe
it was Winter and froze hard, and when he
had advanc'd about half way was inform'd, that
one Daud Saliuk, a Turkish Commander, was
marching to Balk with confiderable Forces, to
affift Nur Taquin: Mafud being unwilling to
leave any Enemy behind, turn'd back against
Daud. Nur Taquin having notice of this Coun-
ter-march, fell upon his Rear, and killing ma-
ny of his Men, took moft of his Baggage.
Majud thus roughly handled, held on his Way
till he met with Daud Saliuk, by whom he
was overthrown, aud fled to Gazneben, where
he put to Death many of the Turks that ferv'd
under him, becaufe they had misbehav'd
themſelves in the Battel, and then fent a-
way to Balk his Son Mandud, attended by Abu
Nacer Hamed his Wazir or Vizier, with a con-
fiderable
V 2
294
History of Perfia.
The 婆
​My
the Blind
again.
fiderable number of Troops. He himſelf taking
along his blind Brother and Sons, went away
to India. Being come to the Bank of the River
Send, which the Perfians call Pang Ab,and is the
Indus, he and his Favourites país'd over to
rights,leaving his blind Brother, with the Trea-
fure on this Side, under the Direction of a
Commander call'd Mustaquin, who looking
upon that as a favourable Opportunity, fell
with his Men upon the Treature, and dividing
it among themfelves, declar'd the blind Man
Mahamed King, he at firft retufing, but afterwards con-
enthron'd fented for Fear of Death, wherewith they
threatned him, if he did not comply. With
him they pass'd the River, the reft of the Ar-
my, fubmitting to him, and fecuring Mafud,
deliver'd him up to him; of whom he took no
other Revenge, than to defire he would be fa-
tisfy'd to live quietly in any Place, which Ma-
fud agreed to, praying it might be in the For-
trefs of Kobrakebir, which was granted him
with a good Guard. At Parting Mafud ask'd
his Brother to give him fome Money to ſpend
by the Way, and he, being very covetous, or-
der'd him 500 Drachms, which are but five hun-
dred fingle Royals, or about 12 Pounds ten
Shillings. Mafud was much concern'd at it,
but the Perfon who was to deliver it,gave him
of his own 1500 Dinares in Gold, amounting
to near 2000 Ducats, which was afterwards
well repaid. King Mahamed being fenfible of
his Incapacity for Government, becauſe of his
Blindneſs, put it into the Hands of his Son Ha-
med, who by the Advice of a Son of Illuf Taquin,
and another of Amir Aly Kaxavand, whofe Fa-
thers Maffud had put to Death, for their Treach-
murder'd. ery, towards the blind Man, went away pri-
vately to Kobra Kebir, and murder'd him, when
Flis Ava-
rice.
Mafud
}
he
The History of Perfia."
295
Compassion
requited.
he had reign'd ten Years, having been a brave
and generous Prince. His Son Maedud had
been left at Balk, where being inform'd of his
Father's Misfortune, and Mahamed's Return.
from India, he march'd to meet him in Gazne-
ben, with a well difciplin'd Army. They met,
and fought, Mahamed was routed and taken,
with his Son Hamed, the two Adviſers of Mae-
fud's Murder and many more Courtiers, who
were all immediatly put to Death, except one
Abderrayn, Son to the blind Man, whom Man-
dud pardon'd,because he having gone with his
Brother Abderramon,to viſit their Unkie Mafud,
when Prifoner, they found him with a Tage or
Crown on his Head which Abderraman fnatch'd
off and caft on the Ground, with much Paffion
and Contempt. Abderrayn biam d him much for
fo doing, and taking up the Tige or Diadem,
put it again on his Unkle's Head with Expref-
fions full of Compaffion. Maedud was inform'd
of this Merciful Action, and was new mind-
ful of it to requite him. Maedud caus'd a mag- Mandud
nificent Structure to be erected on the Ground fucceeds
where he gain'd this Victory, and call'd it Fat Med
Habad, fignifying in the Language of Karafen,
the Place where I gain'd. The Death of Mfud
occafion'd new Commotions throughout all
the Dominions of Perfia and India,whence Mar-
dud apprehended fome Disturbance from his
Brother Maiudud, who was there preparing for
it, but dy'd fuddenly by the Way, by which
Means Maurenabar and that Part of India fell to
Maedud. However the Salinqui Turks inhabiting
Maurenabar and Karafon would not own him.
He ſent an Army against them in the Year of
the Hegira 435, of CHRIST 1045, which was dr. 1045.
met by Olob Arfalom, the Son of Jakarbek, with
a confiderable Force, who overthrew Macdud's
Troups.
V 3
296
The History of Perfia.
Troops. On the other Side, great Numbers of
Turks breaking out of Turkeftam, into the Lands
ofGaomacer and Kandachar to plunder, were en-
tirely routed by Maedud's Garrifons, which
drew together to oppofe them. At this Time
all the Kings in India that were fubject to Mae-
dud, revolted, and confederating together, laid
Siege to Labor. Maedud fent Relief with all
poffible Speed, and whilſt that was marching,
the Befiegers fell at Variance among them-
felves, fo that they had Recourfe to Arms.
Some of them declar'd for Maedud, and pre-
vai'd againſt the others; then joyning the
Troops fent by him, foon reduc'd the Reft un-
der his Obedience. Maedud marching againſt
the Salingui Turks, who had made themfelves
Mafters of Karafon, dy'd by the Way, of the
His Death. Colick, in the Year of the Hegira 441,
Aly fuc- CHRIST 1050, and tho' he left two Sons, yet
his Officers and Army gave the Crown to his
An. 1050 Brother Aly Ben Mafud.
ceeds.
Abd Ra-
him out
Aly.
of
It was faid before, in the Life of Maedud,
that when he had defeated, and kill'd his Un-
kle Mahamed,he left none alive of all that Royal
Stock, but only one Son of the blind King
call'd Abd Rabym,or Abd Rafchid. This Man was
then in Cuftody, and upon the Death of Mae-
dud, a Wazir or Vizier releas'd and proclaim'd
him King. Aly Ben Mafud finding all things in
Confufion, and himfelf in no Condition to o-
vercome all the Difficulties that prefented, fled
the Country. Abd Raxid, whofe Capacity was
not extraordinary, confided fo much in Togorel
or Takzel, one of his Commanders, that he not
only depriv'd him of his Dominions, but of
his Life, as will foon appear.
Confufions We left Kahem newly made Calif, foon after
at Bagdat. whofe Promotion, the Soldiers in Bagdat mu-
tiny'd
The History of Perfia.
297
tiny'd again, plundering the Houfe of Gelala
Daule's Wazir or Vizier, and in Hatred to him,
proclaim'd Abulganiar King of Bagdat, and fent
for him; but he being better advis'd, excus'd
himfelf; and was in the Right, for when his
Anſwer return'd, the Turks had again agreed
with Gelala Daule, yet this Reconciliation was
not lafting, for they very foon after, throwing
off all Refpect, committed a thouſand Info-
lences, and deftroy'd the City, fetting Fire to
it in open Day, that they might have an Op-
portunity to plunder. In the Year of the Hegi-
ra 427,of CHRIST 1037,they openly revolt-
ed againſt Gelala, and would have expell'd him
the City, had he not oppos'd them with Wif-
dom and Refolution. He continu'd in Peace
till the next Year, when the General of the
Turks was kill'd in a Mutiny,which made them.
ſomewhat abate of their Fury. At this Time a
Peace was concluded between Gelala and A-
bul Ganiar; and in the Year of the Hegira
430, of CHRIST 1040, there fell fuch a
Snow in Bagdat and the adjacent Parts, that it Frost and
Prodigious
lay on the Ground three Spans in Depth; and snow.
the River Degila, which is the Tigris, on whofe
Bank the City ſtands, was frozen over, for the
Space of twelve Days; a wonderful thing,
confidering the Situation of the Place, which
I take to be in 34 Degrees of North Latitude.
The next Year there hapned fresh Debates
between the Turks and Gelala Daule, who
brought them a little more under Subjection.
In the Year of the Hegira 434, of CHRIST An. 1044.
1044, Ebrahem Neali Salinqui, a Turkish Com-
mander breaking into the Perfian Province of
Hyerak, took Amedon. Tokzelbek did the fame Gelala
after him, and poffefs'd himfelf of the City King of
Rey, and the following Year Gelala Daule dy'd, Bagdat
when
V 4
298
The History of Perfia.
And King
Abul Ga
nior;
when he had reign'd 17 Years. His Son Abu
Manfur was then at Wacet, who being fent for
to fucceed his Father in the Throne, was fo
long detain'd there by Commotions, that they
who had fent for him, not able to wait any
longer, gave the Government to Abul Ganiar:
Tokzelbek was then ranging victorious through
Perfia, for which Reafon Abul Ganiar concluded
an Allyance with him, marrying his own Son
to a Daughter of Daud Salinqui and Niece to
Tokzelbek. The following Year, which was of
the Hegira 440, and of CHRIST 1049, Abul
Ganiar dy'd in the Province of Kermon, four
Years after Gelala Daule, leaving five Sons, viz.
Aba Manfur Fulath Sotun, that is, Pillar of Steel,
Kozrao Feruz, Abu Faber, Abucayd Aboaly and
Kay Kozrao. Sotun, who was the eldeft, went
away to Schiras to fucceed his Father,bu: Koz-
rao Feruz who was there, caus'd himfelt to be
proclaim'd King, and changing his Name with
his Condition, call'd himfelf Malek Rhaym.
Then gathering a moderate Army, fet his Bro-
ther Abu Sayd at the Head of it, to go meet Fu-
lad Sotun, following after himfelf with all the
Forces he could raife. When they were come
near Stabkar, where Sotun was, all the Turks
and moft of the other Troops went over to
him, leaving the two Brothers to themſelves.
Malek Rhaym retir'd to Awaz, but foon left
that Place to his Brother, who ftill purfu'd
him. Laftly he withdrew to Wacet, with his
Brothers Abu Taker, and Abu Sayd, where the
War was continu'd with various Succefs, till
the Year of the Hegira 447, of CHRIST 1056,
when Malek Rhaym being inform'd, that Tak-
zebek, at the Inftigation of Abu Mansur, had
poffets'd himself of Schiraz, and moft of the
Dominions of Perfia, and perceiving all Places
*
full
The History of Perfia.
299
full of Diviſion and Deftruction, he made his
utmoft Effort, and raising all the Forces he
was able, march'd and poffefs'd himfelf of
Schiraz,and having furnish'd him with all that
was neceffary for Defence, return'd to Wacet.
Ma-
Difcord ftill prevail'd at Bagdat, where one The Calif
Befancery, a Commander of the Standing For- Kahem
ces, at the Inftigation of the Calif of Damaf-flies from
cus, who was then of the Family of Ifmaelga, Bagdat.
confpir'd againſt the Calif Kabem, or Alkahem
Beamarila, and prefs'd him fo hard, that he was
oblig'd him to quit the Country, and fly to the
Protection of Fokzelbeck, with whom he had
before contracted fome Friendship, and who
receiv'd and promis'd to fupport him, as he
did. He march'd with him and all his Forces
to Bagdat, which was enter'd by Force, plun-
der'd, and deſtroy'd with Fire and Sword, Badgat
fparing neither the Living nor the Dead, destroy'd.
whofe Tombs were all open'd, to fee whether
there was any thing to fteal in them.
lek Rhaym was then in Bagdat, and fled
with his Friends, in hopes to escape the Fury
of the Soldiers to the Calit Kabem's Houſe,
who did all he could to fave him, but unfuc-
cefsfully, for he fell into the Hands of Tolzel-
kek, who caft him into Prifon, where he dy'd.
This did not put an end to the War, which
Abu Sayd continu'd against Manfur, who, after
feveral Engagements, over-threw his Brother
Abu Sayd in Battel, and kill'd him, fecuring to
himſelf the Lands and Title of King of Perf..
One who had been Wazir, or Vizier, to his
Father, held the fame Poft under him, whom
he put to Death upon Sufpicion, and gave that
Place to one Fazel Ben Acen, or Fazel Huye.
This Man, when well fettled in his Employ-
ment, in Requital for fuch a Favour, receiv'd
of
300
The History of Perfia.
of Manfar, confin'd him in a ſtrong Hold,
where he dy'd; and Fazel Huye affum'd the
Title of King of Perfia. A Salinque Turkish
Commander, call'd Malek Maverd, was then
in the Province of Kermon,who,being inform'd
of what had happen'd, march'd with his Ar-
my againſt Fazel Huye. He fled to another
call'd Oleb Arfulom, whofe Lands he farm'd,
and growing very rich by that means, re-
volted from him; yet not fo fuccessfully, but
that foon after both he and a Son of his call'd
Nuzon all Molk were both taken, and fecur'd
in the Fortreſs of Strabhor, where they dy'd.
This was in the Year of the Hegira 448, of
CHRIST 1057.
Aboaly Kay Kozrao, the Son of Abul Ganiar,
who had fucceeded his Father in the Govern-
ment, voluntarily deliver'd himfelf up to Oleb
Arfalom, who gave him the Lands of Naoban-
dian and Aktak to live on, always treating
him with much Honour and Civility. He
End of the liv'd 40 Years after his Brothers, and dy'd in
Rase of the that of the Hegira 487, of CHRIST 1095,
Daules in when the Sovereignty and Government of
Perfia.
the Family of the Daules ended in Perfia. To
fpeak of Togorel or Takzelbek, and the Affairs
of Perfia, we left Abd Raxid, who being in-
form'd of the Practices of Tokzel against his
Perfon, retir'd to Gazneben, whither the other
purſuing befieg'd him, and entring the City
by Force, Abd Raxid withdrew into a For-
treſs there was in the midft of it. After fome
Days Siege, Tokzel perceiving he could not
take it by Force, prevail'd by Treachery,
corrupting the Governour and Garrifon, and
thus he got Raxid into his Hands, whom he
immediately put to Death, with many more
of his Kindred and Friends, and took to him-
felf
The History of Perfia.
301
系
​felf the Title of King, marrying a Siſter of the
Deceas'd. A few Days after, as he fat in
publick to receive the Compliments of the
great Men, as is the Cuftom in thofe Parts,
ten of the Prime Nobility approach'd together
to pay their Submiffion, and coming up clofe,
drew their Swords and kill'd him. Not long
after, Charkir, a Commander, arriv'd there
from India, who releas'd out of Prifon, where
he was confin'd, Ferrogh Zad, the Son of Maf-
fud, and Brother to Abd Raxid, whom he fet
upon the Throne. Daud Salinqui made War
on him, but Ferrogh Zad defeated him, and
then march'd his Army into Karafon, where
he was met by the Generals of Salinquab,
King of Turkeftam, whom he alfo overthrew.
At laft Olob Arfolem, Son to that King, came
against him in Perfon, and routed him, carry-
ing away many of the Gazney's Prifoners,
who were afterwards exchang'd 'for Turks,
that were Priſoners in Gazneben. Ferrogh Zad,
having reign'd 6 Years, dy'd, leaving the
Crown to his Brother Ebrahen Ben Mafud. At
this fame time dy'd Kahem, or Alkahem, the
Calif, in the Year of the Hegira 467, of dies.
CHRIST 1074, when he had enjoy'd that An. 1074,
Dignity 44 Years and 4 Months.
A
CHA P. XLII.
Almoktady Bila, the 48th, Almaftacer Bila, the
49th, Almoftarxed Bila, the 50th, Raxet
Bila, the 51st, and Almoktafy Bila, the 52d
Calif.
Almoktady Bila, Grand-fen to Kabem,was,
upon his Grand-father's Death, chofen
Calif; in whofe Days Perfia was not free from
A to
Com-
The Calif
Kahem
302
The History of Perfia.
Commotions, but fince they did not amount
to make any Change in the Government, we
fhall not lofe much time upon them. In the
Dominions of Karafon and Maurenabar, Ebra-
Ebrahem, hem, Brother to Ferroghzad, who, upon his
King of Death, fucceeded in the Throne, concluded
Karafon. a Peace with the Turks; and having fettled
Affairs at home, went over into India, where
he undertook freſh Conquefts, and fubdu'd
many Provinces, taking an ineftimable Booty,
whereof Mirkond gives a large Account. He
return'd into Perfia, and thinking to enjoy
Peace, was inform'd that Malek Scha, King of
Turkeftam, was making mighty Warlike Pre-
parations to invade him; but he fent Embaf-
fadors, who prevail'd with him to defiſt; and
as a farther Bond of Amity, Ebrahem marry'd
his Son Mifud to a Daughter of Malek Scha.
After this, Ebrahem dy'd in the Year of the
Hegira 481, which is of CHRIST 1089, leav-
ing the Crown to his Son Mafud. In 487,
An. 1089. or 1095, the Calif Almaktady Bila dy'd fud-
An. 1095. denly, when he had rul'd 19 Years and 5
Months.
His Son
Mafud
fucceeds
him.
His Son Almoftacer Bila fucceeded him. The
City of Bagdat, which was at firft feated in
Mefopotamiz, on the Banks of the Tigris, being
Bagdat ruin'd by the over-flowing of that River, he
City re-
mov'd.
remov'd it to the other fide of the faid River,
which was more commodious, where it now
frands, oppofite to the former, when 25 Ca-
lifs had reign'd fince the firft Founding of it
by Abu Fafar, and it is worthy to be obferv'd,
that not one of them dy'd in it. Almoftacer
Bila enjoy'd Perce almoſt all the time of his Go-
vernment, which was 25 Years and 6 Months,
at the end whereof he dy'd, in the Year of
An. 1119. the Hegira 512, which was of CHRIST 1119.
His
The History of Perſia.
303
His Son Almoxftarced Bila Fazele fucceeded
him; he prov'd a refolute Martial Man, and
made War on fome Perfian Princes. Mafud
Salinquin, King of Karafon, invading fome Pro-
vinces of Perfia, Almoxftarced oppos'd him, and
fought feveral Battels, with various Event. At
laft the decifive Stroke was given at Maragah,
near Tauriz, where the Calif was routed, and
fled; but being afterwards taken, and deli-
ver'd to Mafud, he caus'd him to be put to
Death, in the Year of the Hegira 529, of
CHRIST 1136, when he had reign'd 17 An, 1135.
Years and 2 Months.
Baxet Bila inherited the Califfhip by his Fa-
ther's Death, and being refolv'd to revenge
it, rais'd the greateſt Force he was able, and Mafud
march'd towards Mafud, who ftill ravag'd all fubdues
Perfia, and had made himſelf Mafter of the perfia..
greateſt Part of it. They met, a Battel was
fought, and Rafchat overthrown, who fled to
Ifaphan, the Capital of Hyerack, in Perfia, where
he was afterwards kill'd, having govern'd but
two Years, in the Year of the Hegira 532, of
CHRIST 1139. Mafud,after routing and put- An. 1139.
ting him to Death, march'd to Bagdat, where
he was receiv'd, without any Oppofition, and
gave the Califfhip to Almoktafy Bila, Unkle
to the Deceas'd.
Not long after Mafud dy'd in Perfia, and
every one of his Generals and Governours,
kept what he had been entrusted with. Al-
moktafy took the Field, and recover'd almoft
all that Mafud had poffefs'd himfelf of in Per-
fia, which having enjoy'd about 24 Years,
without any confiderable Disturbance, he
dy'd in the Year of the Hegira 555,of CHRIST
1161.
CHA P.
Dies.
An. 1168,
304
The History of Perfia.
fucceeds
Malud.
CHA P. XLIII.
Almoftanger Bila Iffuf, the 53d; Almoftanzy
Benur Elah Acen, the 54th; Nacer, or Na-
cere Ladinla, the 55th; Alhazer, or Altaker
Bila Mahamed, the 56th; Almoſtancer Bila
Maufur, the 57th; and Almoftacem Bila Ab-
dula, the 58th, and laft Calif of Bagdat.
A
Lmo
noſtanger Bila Iuf, Son to the Calif
Moktafy, fucceeded his Father. Mafur
dy'd in Perfia, as was faid above, in the Days
Arfalon of this Almoft anger's Father, leaving his eldeſt
Son Arfalom Scha to fucceed him in Gaznehen:
This King, as foon as feated on the Throne,
feiz'd all his Brothers, who were numerous,
except one, who made his Efcape, call'd Ba-
haron Scha. At this time two Brothers, related
to the Royal Family, held the two Govern-
ments of Karafon and Hyerack in Perfia; Saniar
had the former of them, and Mahamed the lat-
ter. Babaron flying from his Brother, had Re-
courfe to Saniar, who protected and endea-
vour'd to reconcile him to Arfalon Scha, but
could not prevail. Saniar efpoufing Babaron's
Quarrel, rais'd Forces, and advanc'd cowards
Gaznehes. Arfalon Scha being inform'd of it,
made his Complaint to Mahamed. Saniar's
Brother, who was Governour of Hyerack, who
us'd fome Endeavours, but could not reconcile
them. The War was carry'd on, Saniar march'd
his Army to Baft, where Abufazel, Governour
of Sifton, join'd him. Arfalon Scha met them,
and coming to a Battel, was routed. An Aunt
of his afterwards made them Friends, but Sa-
miar, at the Requeft of Babaron Scha, had Re-
courfe to Arms again, and having gain'd a fe-
cond Victory over Arfalon Scha, enter'd Gazne-
ben,
The History of Perfia.
305
ben, where he had a mighty Booty, and putting Ba.
baron Scha into Poffeffion of that Country, return'd to
his own.
As loon as he was gone, Arfalon Scha inva-
ded Gaznehen, which Baharon Scha abandon'd, and fly-
ing to Saniar, was again reftor'd by him. Arfalon Scha,
not daring to ftand him, made the best of his way ;
but being cloſely puriu'd was taken, and deliver'd to Baharea
his Brother Baharon, who caus'd him to be immedi- Xa kills
ately put to Death, in the Year of the Hegira 512, of him, and
CHRIST 1119, when he had reign'd 3 Years, and fucceeds.
Baharon was fettied on the Throne. He prov'd a
good Prince, Magnificent, Generous, and well qua.
lify'd; a great Lover of natural Sciences; a Favour-
er of Learned Men, and writ himfelf fome Philofo-
phical Tracts; yet did not Learning make him e'er
the lefs Warlike, for he made fome Invafions into In-
dia, and into Perfia, where he dy'd in the Year of
the Hegira 547, of CHRIST 1153, when he had
reign'd 35 Years, and left the Crown to his Son Koz-
rao Scha.
Ad. 119.
He dier.
This new King, not thinking himſelf fafe in theſe
Lands, by reason of the many Tumults, remov'd from
thence to Labor in India, whence, returning again to His Son
Gaznehen, he found that Kingdom in the Poffeflion of oran
Saniar, King of Karafon; and perceiving he could reigns.
not prevail against him, return'd to Labor, where he
dy'd, in the Year of the Hegira 555, of CHRIST Dies.
1161,having reign'd 9 Years, and leaving the Crown At 1161.
to his Son Kograo Malek.
He fucceeded his Father in the City Lahor, Capi- His Son
tal of the Kingdom of Multan, in India, now the Kozrzo
Court of the Great Mogul; for Perfia, and his other fat of the
Kingdoms and Dominions were in other Hands, and Re
it requir'd a more Martial and lefs vitious Difpofition
than his to retrieve them, which gain'd him the ill
Will of all his People, and particularly of the Soldi-
ers. One Sultan Guayacadin Mahamed Guary go.
vern'd a Part of the Country of Gaznehen; this Man,
after fome Incurfions made into India, laid Seige to
Labor, took it, and carry'd away Kograo Malek to
Gaznehen,, where he dy'd, in the Year of the Hegira
563, of CHRIST 1169, and in him ended the Fa-
mily of the Sabutaquys. Three Years after dy'd Al-
moftanger Bila Iffuff, the Calif, after enjoying that
Dignity 11 Years, which he left to his Son.
Al-
A3. 1159,
306
The History of Perfia.
Almoſtanzy Benurelak Acen, who was a good Prince,
generous, and below'd by his People, rul'd 9 Years
and 8 Months, and dy'd in the Year of the Hegira
An. 1180. 575, of CHRIST 1180. Nothing remarkable hap.
pen'd during his Reign.
Upon his Death, the Califfhip devolv'd to his Son
Nacer, or Ladinla, who held it 47 Years, in whofe
Days Bagdat throve very much. During his Reign,
the Koarrazmites invaded the Salinquys, and ſubdu'd
them; and the Tartars, under Chinguys Kan, poffefs'd
themſelves of the Lands of Turen and Agem, putting
them to Fire and Sword, Nacer dy'd in the Year of
the Hegira 622, of CHRIST 1226.
His Son Alhazer Bila Mahamed was made Calif in
tead of his Father, and enjoy'd it only 9 Months and
13 Days, dying in the Year of the Hegira 623, of
An. 1227. CHRIST 1227, leaving that Dignity to his Son.
Almoftacer bila Manfur, who valu'd himſelf fo
much upon being generous, that he became prodigal,
and to fell to Poverty. During his Reign, when Per-
fia enjoy'd almoft an univerial Peace, the Mogols or
Tartars made their firft Incurfion into it. When they
had roffefs'd themſelves of fome Provinces the Calif
Almoftancer oppos'd, and oblig'd them to quit most of
what they bad gain'd, and having given them feve-
ral other Repulles, dy'd in the 17th Year of his Go-
vernment, of the Hegira 640, and of CHRIST 1244-
An. 1224. His Son
Almoftacem Bila Abdula fucceeded in the Califfhip,
and was the last of the Family of Ben Habaz. The
Tartar Olaku Kan invaded, routed, and kill'd him,
when he had been Calif 15 Years and 7 Months, put-
ting all the People of Bagdat to the Sword, as fhall be
mention'd in the following Chapter, and brief Ac-
count of the Mogols or Tartars that ove ran Perfia. In
this Man ended the Califs of Bagdat, vulgarly call'd
of Babylon, and fomerimes of Baldak. There were
37 of this Family, who held that Dignity 523 Years,
little over or under. I have mention'd them all, in re-
gard that in the Chronicles of Perfia they are reckon'd
Monarchs of that Kingdom; and in what remains to
be faid of the rest of them, I fhall obferve the fame
Method that is follow'd by Tavarick and Mirkond,
their Hiftorians, The Calif Almeftacem dy'd in the
Year of the Hegira 655,of CHRIST 1258. CHAP.
The Hiftory of Perfia.
305
CHAP. XLIV.
An Account of the Mogols, or Tartars,
that Conquer'd Perfia.
N the moſt Eaftern Parts of Afia, not far
from Ketan Kotan, which, as has been faid,
is Cathay, bordering on China, liv'd one Buza-
niar, who by his Valour and other Virtues, made
himſelf Maſter of moft of thofe Provinces.
His Succeffors, no lefs potent and active than
himſelf, being poffefs'd of thofe Countries, and
fubduing others, extended their Empire over
many Regions of a vaft Extent; but my De-
fign being only to treat of thofe who have been
Soveraigns of Perfia till our Days, I fhall fay
no more of theſe than is barely requifite for
my Purpoſe, beginning with Chinguis Kan, the
Firſt of them that brought the Mogols or Tar-
tars into Perfia, and was the Ninth Defcendant
from Buzaniar, as follows. Chinguis Kan, the
Son of Sukyh Badur, that is, the Brave, the Son
of Partan Badur, the Son of Fil Kan, the Son
of Tomanah Kan, the Sou of Bukah Kan, the
Son of Buzaniar, who is the firft above-men-
tion'd, and Eighth Grandfather of Chinguis Kan,
with whom we are now to proceed.
Chinguis Kan, the Son of Sukh Badur, was Chinguis
born in the Year of the Hegira 546, of CHRIST Kan, King
1152. When he was thirteen Years of Age of Tartary,
his Father died, and being left fo Young there
follow'd much Contention among thofe People,
about his Succeffion and Protectorship, and
grew to fuch a Height, that they could not be
quell'd till the Year of the Hegira 599, of
CHRIST 1204. When Chinguis Kan over-coming
X
all
306
The Hiftory of Perfia:
all Difficulties, in fpight of all thofe that op-
pos'd it, made himſelf King, and abfolute Mo-
narch of all that his Father and Anceſtors had
been poffefs'd of. His Name before was Ta-
machin, and three Years after he found him-
felf fix'd on the Throne, which was in the
A110. Year of the Hegira 602, of CHRIST 1207,
he order'd himself to be call'd Chinguis Kan,
which is faid in their Tongue to fignifie, King
of Kings. By Degrees he became extraordinary
Powerful, fubduing all the Hords, or Tribes of
Tartars, as alfo the Kingdoms of Ketan Ketan,
Helan, Tangar, and others; and having fettled
them all in Peace, in the Year of the Hegira
615, of CHRIST 1219, he march'd out of his
own Dominions, and advanc'd with an innu-
merable Army against Mahamad Kearrazm Scha
in Maurenabar, who after fome Refiftance
made, perceiving how little he was able to do
against fo formidable an Enemy, left him his
Dominions, and withdrew into Karafon. Chin-
guis Kan enter'd Maurenahar in the Year of the
Hegira 620, of CHRIST 1224, putting every
living Creature he met with to the Sword.
The fame he did at Balk. and thence fent
30000 Horfe in Furfuit of Mahamad Koarrazm
Scha, who fled before him. They overtook him
at Abibou, in the Province of Gueylon, and
flew him, ravaging all that Country with Fire
and Sword. It is pofitively affirm'd, that the
Mogols or Tartars deftroy'd Seven hundred thou
fand Souls in the City Rey, and the Country
about it; and in the Provinces of Nixabur, a
Million one hundred and fifty thoufand, fome
fay a Million and fix hundred thoufand Men,
befides Women and Children, and proporti-
onable in feveral other Provinces. When they
had ſpent a whole Year ranging about Perfia,
Terrible
Slaughter
he makes
be
in Maure.
nabar.
and
The Hiftory of Perfia.
307
and making fuch dreadful Havock in all Parts,
Almeftanzer Bila Manfur Ben Alzaker, the
Calif of Bagdat, having rais'd the greateft Power
be was able, both as to Men and other war-
like Preparations, march'd against them, and
either for that they were divided, and their
Numbers leffen'd, or becauſe they had a Mind
to be gone with their Booty, oblig'd them to
depart almoſt all Perfia, and they return'd to
Maurenabar, in the Year of the Hegira 623,
of CHRIST 1227.
Retires out
Ann. 1227.
of Perfia.
Upon the Death of Mahomed, King of Koar-
razm, his Son Sultan Gelaladin fled into India,
whom the Mogols purfu'd, and overtaking him
near the River Indus, fought and routed him,
and he retir'd to the Kingdom of Multan, far-
ther up in India. Chinguis Kan having fhown
his Men the way into Perfia, and left fome Com-
manders there, return'd to Ketao Katan, where
he died in the Year of the Hegira 624, of Dies.
CHRIST 1228, being Seventy eight Years of 4. 1228.
Age, and having reign'd as abfolute Sovereign
of his Dominions Twenty five. He had Four
Sons, the Eldeft call'd Tuxy Kan, whom his
Father had conftiruted Governor of the King-
doms of Daft, Kapechah, Rofs, and bulgar,
died Six Months before him; The Second.call'd
Chagatay Kan, who was Governor of the King-
doms of Maurenabar, Ayger, and Karrazm,
held thoſe Dominions till the Year of the He-
gira 638, of CHRIST 124', when he died;
The Third, whefe Name was Oktay Kan, fuc-
ceeded his Father; The Fourth, Tuly Kan,
to whom his Father, befides fome Provin es,
left all his Treaſures, died in the Year of the
Hegira 628, of CHRIST 1232. So that of
Chinguis Kan's four Sons, only Oktay Kan liv'd
to enjoy his Inheritance, tho' the others left
X &
Sons,
308
The Hiftory of Perfia.
His Son
Sons, fome of which afterwards fucceeded, as
fhall be faid in its Place. Mirkond writes, as
a certain Truth, That when Chinguis Kan was
born, he brought out a little Blood hard
grafp'd in each Hand, which was an Omen of
his Cruelty.
Oktay Kan, Third Son to Chinguis Kan, up-
Oktay Kan on his Death, fucceeded in the Threne, at the
fucceeds
beginning of the Year of the Hegira 626, of
bim.
CHRIST 1230. He was as good as his Fa-
Aun. 1230. ther had been wicked, and among other Vir-
Dies.
Ann. 1242.
tues, was fingular for Generofity, a Quality
well-becoming Princes, and very neceffary.
Mirkond tell us, He laid out, during the whole
Couric of his Life in extraordinary Gifts and
Prefents, 666 Purfes, as the Perfians exprels it,
each Purſe containing 1000 Tomans of Gold,
and every Toman is worth Sixteen Ducats; fo
that the whole amounts to Ten Millions fix
hundred and fifty fix thouſand Ducats. He
appointed Gerbakhon Noyn his Wazir or Vizier,
a Martial Man and of great Wiſdom, whom
he immediately fent againſt Gelaladin, who we
faid was withdrawn to Multan, and coming
out to oppoſe him, was routed and flain, the
Family of Koarrazm Scha expiring in him. Then
he bent his Force against Perfia, and reduc'd it
all under his Dominion, except Bagdat; and
having reign'd Thirteen Years, died in the Year
of the Hegira 639, of CHRIST 1242, of ex-
ceffive drinking of Wine, leaving a very young
Son, call'd Gayuk Kan, for which Reafon his
Mother held the Government Four Years,
and in the Year of the Hegira 643, of
CHRIST 1246, he took it into his own
Hands.
He
The Hiftory of Perfia.
309
Gayuk
He approv'd himſelf a good Prince, being His Son
a Lover of Juftice, Generous, and no Enemy Kan Em-
to Chriftians, whom he very much favour'd peror.
but was ſnatch'd away by Death, when he had
Reign'd one Year only.
;
His Succeffor was Manchu Kan, his Coufin- Manchu
German, Son to Tuly Kan, and Grandſon to Kau Em-
Chinguis Kan, a good Prince, brave, generous peror.
and affable. He favour'd the Mahometans ve-
ry much, and was not unkind to the Chriftians,
but hated the Jews, and perfecuted them. To
his Brother Kablay Kan he gave the Lands of
Ketao Kan, who much enlarg'd his Dominions.
This Man founded the great City of Kanbu-
lek, now the Great Tartar's Court. To ano-
ther Brother, call'd Ulahku Kan, he gave the
Dominions of Perfia. Manchu Kan died when
he had Reign'd Thirteen Years, in the Year
of the Hegira 657, of CHRIST 1260.
Ann. 1260,
Ulahku Kan fucceeded his Brother, came Ulahku
into Perfia, as has been ſaid, in the Year of the Kan Em.
Hegira 657, of CHRIST 1256; and to keep peror.
himself in Action, attack'd Ifmaelya, a City of
Confequence, which he took, and ſpar'd not
the Life of any Soul within it. Next he
march'd into Hyerak, and fubdu'd it. The
next Year he march'd his Army to Bagdat, the
Calif Almoft.cem venturing a Battle with him,
was Overthrown and Slain, as were his four
Sons; the fame Fate attended all that were
found in Bagdat, and the Country about it,
which many fay amounted to a Million and
fix hundred thoufand Souls. in the Year of
the Hegira 658, of CHRIST 1261, he pro- Ann. 1261,
ceeded to Aleppo and Damafcus, both which
he took, and leaving one Kaptu Kan Governor
in thoſe Parts of Syria, return'd himſelf to
Perfia, and died at Meragab, near Tauris, in the
X 3
Proe
310
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Haybkay
Province of Aderbaion, in the Year of the
Hegira 663, of CHRIST 1266, being the
Sixth of his Reign. Before his Death, he di-
vided his Dominions between the three Sons
he had; to Haybkay Kan, the Eldeft, he gave
the Kingdoms of Hyerak, Mazandaion, and
Karafon; to the Second, call'd Hyaxemet,
Aron, that is, Armenia, and Aderbacon; to
Tandon, the Third, he left Diarbek and Raby-
ab, which is Mefapotamia. Befides all this,
he gave to Atulmok Jaryng, one of his Wazirs,
or Viziers, the City of Bagdat, to rebuild it,
as he did; and to another, call'd Mahynedin
Paroaney, fome Lands in Rumeftan. At this
Time flouriſhed in Perfia, Coaja Naciradin Tuffy,
a famous Aftrologer, who writ a Book, Inti-
tuled, Zich el Kong, Of Judgments, and Fi-
gures, much celebrated among the Perfians.
Befides the Three Sons above-mention'd, V-
lakku Kan had two others; the one call'd
Nicudar Oglan, the other Targabe Kan, and
tho' affign'd no Share in their Father's Divi-
dend, yet one of them obtain'd one himſelf,
and fo did the Children of the other.
Haybkay Kan, Eldeft Son to Ulabku Kan,
Kan, King fucceeded him in the Sovereignty of Perfia,
of Perfia. and had War with Bora Kan, who march'd with
an Army agaft him from Chagatay, in the
Year of the Hegira 668, of CHRIST 1217.
Haybkay Kan, ingag'd, defeated, and drove
him back to Maurenabar. He Reign'd Seven-
teen Year, and then died at Amadon, in
the Year of the Hegira 680, of CHRIST
Ann. 1282, 128z.
Hamed
His Brother Hamed Kan, before call'd Ni-
Kan King. cudar Oglan, which imports, Nicudar the good
Son, afcended the Thr ne next, turn'd Mabo-
meran, and then cha g'd his Name.
He
Reign'd
The Hiftory of Perfia.
311
Reign'd but two Years and two Months, and
died without performing any Thing remark-
able, in the Year of the Hegira 687, of CHRLT
1285, when the Crown return'd to the Sons
of Habkay Kan; the Eldeft whereof,
Argon Kan, fucceeded his Uncle, Reign'd Argon
Seven Years, and died in that of the Hegira Kan.
690, of CHRIST 1292.
Five Months after the Death of Argon Kan, Ganiatu
his Brother Ganiatu Kan was admitted to the Kan.
Government. He was generous, and had
other good Qualities, bur fully'd them all by
being extraordinary Lewd and Incestuous.
He would have brought Paper-Money_into
Perfia, as was us'd in the Provinces of Ketao
Kotan, but it would not be admitted; and
the chief Oppofer of it was one Badu Kan,
his own Uncle, who on this Pretence made
War, and flew him in a Battle, when he had
been King three Years, in that of the Hegira
693, of CHRIST 1295.
Badu Kan, the Son of Turgabe, the Son of Badu Kan.
Ulahku Kan, and Uncle to the King that was
flain, as above, fucceeded him in the Throne,
and having afcended it by Force, was oppos'd
by Gazun, the Son of Argon Kan, who march'd
against him out of Karafon, with a numerous.
Army, himself and they being all become Ma-
hometans: They met at Nakxoan, where Badu
Kan was defeated and fled,but diſcover'd, and tak-
en, by a Wazir, or Vizier of Gazun, who con-
vey'd him to Tauris, where he was put to
Death, having Reign'd but one Year.
Gazun, the Son of Argon, the Son of Hab. Gazun
kay Kan, the Son of Ulakku Kan, made him- Kan,
felf King of Perfia, upon the Death of Baydu,
and was a great Lover of Juftice. In the Year
of the Hegira 696, of CHRIST 1298, Da-
X 4
mafcus,
312
The Hiftory of Perſia.
maſcus, and ſome other Parts of Syria, revol-
ted from him, joyning with Bendokar King of
Egypt, against whom he march'd his Army;
and having overthrown him, and reduc'd thofe
Provinces to his Obedience, return'd to Perfia,
and died at Casbin, fince the Court of thoſe
Kings, in the Year of the Hegira 703, of
Ann, 1305. CHRIST 1305, when he had Reign'd Eight
Years and Nine Months. His Body was bu-
ried at Tauris, in Zambgazun, a magnificent
Mofque he had built in his Life-time. This is
the only Monument of the Princes of this Race
that is preferv'd entire to this Day.
Alyaptu
King.
Alyapti, who afterwards, turning Mahome-
tan, took the Name of Sultan Mahamed Ben
Argon, upon the Death of his Brother Gazun,
took upon him the Government of Perfia, at
Twenty three Years of Age. He fettled his
Refidence at Tauris, was extraordinary fevere
in the Execution of Juftice, by which Means
he kept his People in Subjection, and eafie.
This Man firſt brought up the Cuſtom of ta-
king away the Children of Chriftians and Jews,
to breed them up after his Manner, and be
ferv'd by them. In the Year of the Hegira
705, of CHRIST 1306, he founded the City
City built. Sultania; and the following Year poffefs'd
Ann, 1306. himself of Greybon and Raxt; in 712, which
is 1313, he march'd to Scham, or Damafcus,
which had revolted again, and having reco-
ver'd it, return'd to Perfia, and died at Sulta-
nia in the Year of the Hegira 716, of CHRET
1317, having Reign'd Twelve Years and Nine
Months.
Sultania
Sultan
Sultan Abufayd Babeder Kan, the Son of
Abulayd. Alyapfu, inherited his Father's Kingdom at
Twelve Years of Age. He chofe for his Wa-
zir or Vizier, onc Amir Chupon, who had an
extra
The Hiftory of Perfia.
313
extraordinary beautiful marry'd Daughter, with
whom the King fell in Love upon Sight; de-
manded her of the Father, who excus'd him-
felf, alledging fhe was Marry'd, and in her
Husband's Power. Abufayd enrag'd by his
violent Paffion of Love, took her by Force, Trical
killing the Father, the Husband, and all thofe a
he thought would oppofe him, and gave her
the Title of Kandekar, which was the Royal
Style, doating on her fo violently, as to refign
all the Government into her Hands, which the
manag'd with much Wildom and Difcretion,
whilft he, indulging his Eafe, diverted him-
felf in Reading, being very Bookish. His Per-
fon was graceful, and his Judgment found, and
he generally spent the Summers in Sultania,
and the Winters in Bagdat. He reign'd Nine-
teen Years, and died in the Year of the Hegi-
ra 736, cf CHRIST 1337. By his Death the
Power of the Tartars in Perfia was divided,
every Governor taking upon him the Title of
King; and fo it continu'd till the coming of
Teymur Langh, or Tamerlan, who fubdu'd all, as
we thall now declare.
Teymur Langh, which fignifies Teymur the Tamerlan.
Lame, becauſe he was fo, as was faid in our
First Book, and whom we commonly call Ta-
merlan, was the Son of Bujan Kan, and Thir-
teenth Succeffor of Chinguis Kan, from whom
he was Defcended, and no Robber, nor Car-
rier, nor Herdiman, as has been already ob-
ferv'd, but a Martial Man, and Brave as ap-
pears by his Actions. He was born at Samar-
kand, and addicted himself to Arms, as his
Fwefathers had done. His Fifth Grandfather,
Charachar Nuyon, came out of Tartary with
Chinguis Kan; and when he fent his fecond Son
Chagatay Kan to govern the Kingdoms of
Malbe
314
The History of Perfia.
Maurenabar, Augor, and Koarrazm. Chagatay
Kan took along with him his near Kinlman
Carachar, whom he appointed his Prime Wa-
zir, or Vizier, and he and his Pofterity re-
main'd in his Service, in Pofts fuitable to their
Quality, till the Days of Teymur. Soyorgat Mex
Kan and Teymur Langh were Contemporaries,
the former being King of Chagatay, and Tey-
mur his Wazir, or Vizier, or Generaliffimo.
Soyorgat Mex Kan died in the Year of the
Hegira 771, of CHRIST 1370, and upon his
Deach, by the unanimous Confent of all the
People, Teymur Langh was proclaim'd King.
When well fettled on the Throne, he march'd
out of his Kingdom with an innumerable Ar-
307, and never undertook any Thing but what
1 Succefsiul. In the Space of Thirty fix
F. which was the length of his Reign,
to the Kingdoms he had Inherited,
Viaurenabar, Turkestan, Koarrazm
in, Sifton, Indoftan, Hyerak, Parz, Ker-
m, Mazandaron, Aderbaion, and Kufiftam,
all which, befides others, at his Death, were
divided among his Sons and Commanders. It
was in the Year of the Hegira 789, of CHRIST
An. 1388. 1388, on account of a Rebellion rais'd againft
him in Iſpahan, the Capital of Hyerak in Perfia,
march'd thither, and having taken it by Force,
put 70000 Men, Women and Children, to
the Sword. Tocktamex Kan, who had been
by him made King of Kapechak, rebelling,
he fent part of his Army thither, which utter-
ly defroy'd the Country, and Toktamex Kan
fled to Gurgeftam. In the Year of the Hegira
Ann. 1402. 803, of CHRIST 1402, he enter'd Syria, took
and deftroy'd Aleppo and Damafcus; routed
Sultan Farache, King of Egypt; turn'd back
again to Bagdat, and took it, and thence pro-
9
ceeded
The Hiftory of Perfia.
315
ceeded to Kabka, near Tauris, where he win-
ter'd. The next Year he march'd towards
Angora, to meet Sultan Bajazet, the Great Takes Ba-
Turk, whom he vanquish'd and took, fubduing jazet.
and wafting a great Part of his Dominions;
and Bajazet being carried about a Priſoner in
his Army, died the enfuing Year. Whilft
Teymur was marching agaiaft Bajazet, one
Kara Ijuf affaulted Bagdat, and drove out Sul-
tan Weyhelkong, whom Teymur had appointed
Governor there. He returning from Rumeftan,
fent his Grandfon Abubakar againſt Kara Iffuf,
who recovering the City, put it again into the
Hands of Sultan Weys, as fhall be obſerv'd
hereafter. Teymur, after this, went away to
Ardivil, where he ftaid fome Time, and gave
Xeque Safy a great Number of Captives, where-
of more in its Place. Then leaving Perfia he
march'd towards Karafon, and thence to Sa-
markand, his Native Country, where he ſpent
fome Months in Feftivals and Rejoycing, cele-
brating the Nuptials of many of his People.
Laftly, He march'd to Amzar, a Country be-
yond Cathay, where he died, in the Year of His Death.
the Hegira 807, of CHRIST 1405. Teymur Am,14951
Langh, of whofe Name I gave fome Account
in the firft Book, had four Sons; the eldeft His Iffue.
call'd foon Guyr, who died a Year before his
Father, leaving two Sons, Mahamed Sultan and
Pyr Mahamed. This laft Teymur appointed his
Succeffor in the Kingdoms of Gaznehen and
India, and he was afterwards kill'd by Pir Aly.
Teymur's fecond Son, call'd Hamar Xeque, be-
ing Governor of Perfia, whilft his Father was
ftill living, was kill'd in the Fortreſs of Chor-
matu, now call'd Kormanat in Loreftam. Mirun
Xa, the third, who fuceecded in the Govern-
ment of thofe Provinces, we faid above Ulahku
Kan
316
The Hiftory of Perfia.
✓
Mirzah
Kan was poffefs'd of in Hierak, Aderbaion, and
onward, as far as Damafcus, was kill'd in the
Year of the Hegira 810, of CHRIST 1408,
in Aderbacon, by Kara Iffuf, the Turkoman.
Mirzah Scharok, Teymur's fourth Son, who had
always kept his Father Company, fucceeded
him in the Empire.
Mirzab Scharok, the fourth and youngest Son
Scharokfuc of Teymur Langh, or Tamerlan, was in Karafon
reeds him. when his Father died at Anzar, and fucceeded
him in the Throne, tho' he had enough to do
to reduce thoſe who were not for owning him
in Hyron and Turon. When thoſe Troubles
were over, he march'd his Army againſt Kara
Iffuf, in Aderbaion, who advanc'd to meet him,
but died in the way. He left two Sons, Mir-
zah Scandar and Mirza Joonxe, who oppos'd
Scharok inſtead of their Father, but he defeated
them, and afterwards took Mirzah Foonxa in-
to his Service, and reftor'd him the Kingdom
of Aderbaion. Scharok built a City in Maure-
nabar, which from his own Name he call'd
Scharokya; and in the Year of the Hegira 850,
of CHRIST 1447, died in the City Rey, when
he had Reign'd Forty three Years. He had
Five Sons; to Mirzah Ologh Beg he gave the
Lands of Turkeftam and Maurenabar; Ebrahim
Sultan, the Second, died before his Father,
when he had govern'd Perfia Twenty Years,
in the Year of the Hegira 838, of CHRIST
1435. leaving feveral noble Fabricks and Stru-
Etures en cted during his Government; a Year
before him died the Third, call'd Baesfangor;
the Fourth, was call'd Mirzah Soyorgat Mexh-
kon, who died before his Father, being Go-
vernor of Gazna, or Gazneben, and India;
the Filth, Mirzah Mahamed Juguy, died alſo
before his Father.
Dies.
Ann. 1447.
His Iffue.
The
The Hiftory of Perfia.
317
warded.
The People of Samarkand had, when Ta- A Traylor
merlan died, proclaim'd King one Sultan Kalil, well Re-
a Kinman of his. Against him, a Subject of
his, whofe Name was Kadabdad Hofceny, took
the Field, made him Prifoner, and calling in
Xama foon, King of Megolftam, or Tartary,
deliver'd him into his Hands, with his Domi-
nions. The Tartars being in Poffeffion, put
to Death Kodabdad Hofceny, a-juft Reward of
his Treafon, and gave Kalil another Kingdom
in lieu of his own, where he liv'd content-
edly.
Ologh Beg, who whilft his Father Mir Schar- Ologh Beg
Yok was living, govern'd the Provinces of Tur- fucceeds.
keftam and Maurenabar, as foon as he heard of
his Death, in the Year of the Hegira 851, of
CHRIST 1448, he went away to Balk; and
being there inform'd that Mirzah Alabdaolet,
his Kinſman, took upon him the Title of King,
in the City Herat, in Korafon, he mov'd to-
wards and met him at Morgab. They came to
a Battle, and Alahdaolet being routed, fled to
his Brother Mirzab Babor; with him he turn'd
again upon Ologh Beg, who abandon'd Herat
to them; and retiring to Balk, found that his
Son Mirzah Abdelatife, whom he had left
there, had Rebell'd. They ingag'd, and Clogh
Beg loft the Battle and his Life, as did another
of his Sons, call'd Mirzab Abd-Razis. This
was in the Year of the Hegira 853, of
CHRIST 1450, when Olob had Rul'd there
Forty one Years, but only Two fince he fuc-
ceeded his Father.
Mirzah Abdelatife, having kill'd his Father Abdelatife
and Brother, remain'd King, but enjoy'd it Reigns Six
not long; for Six Months after, his own Sul- Months.
diers fhot him to Death with their Arrows.
His
318
The Hiftory of Perfia?
Abdula, a
Tear
Ann. 1542.
Abufayd
fucceeds.
His Brother Mirzah Abdula fucceeded him;
and when he had Reign'd one Year, Mirzab
Sultan Abufayd invaded his Dominions, defea-
ted and kill'd him, and fo poffefs'd himſelf of
the Throne, in the Year of the Hegira 855,
of CHRIST 1452.
Mirzah Sultan Abufayd, the Son of Maha.
med, the Son of Mirom Scha, the Son of Ta-
merlan being King, new Wars broke out be-
tween Mirzah Ebrahem and Mirzah Scha Ma-
hamud, of which more hereafter. Mirzab
Foon Scha attack'd them both, they fled, and
he took Poffeffion of their Dominions. Abu-
fayd march'd against him, but they agreed,
without Fighting, dividing the Governments.
No fooner was this Matter adjuſted, than Mir
zah Saniar, with Mirzah Aladaolet and his Son
Mirzah Ebrahem, all of them private Princes,
fell upon Abufayd at Saraks, who defeated
them, killing Saniar, and putting the others
to Flight. Abufayd was poffefs'd of the King-
doms of Badaxon, Gaznehen, Kabul, Siftom,
and Koarrazm. In the Year of the Hegira 872,
of CHRIST 1468, Mirzab Acembek Ben Aly-
bek Ben Kara Otman kill'd Mirza foon Scha,
upon whofe Death Abufayd was call'd in, to
take upon him the Government of Kermon,
Hyerak, and Aderbaion. Acembek was jealous
of him, and fent an Embaffador to treat of
Peace, which buſayd rejected; and there-
upon Acembek expected him at Karabag, being
a mountainous Place near Tauriz, whither he
was marching, and when Abufeyd was within
it, fecur'd all the Paffes, by that Means fo di-
ftreffing him for want of Provifions, that he
fled himſelf, leaving all his Army behind him;
but was taken and deliver'd up to Mirzah
Yadigar Mahamed, who had joyn'd Acembek,
and
The Hiftory of Perfia.
319
and he put him to Death in the Year of the Is kill'd.
Ann. 1469.
Hegira 837, of CHRIST 1469.
His Son Mirzah Sultan Hamed fucceeded Hamed
him in the Kingdom of Maurenabar, and held King.
it Twenty fix Years, at the End whereof he
died, in the Year of the Hegira 899, of
CHRIST 1495.
His Death.
Ann. 1495.
Mirzah Babor, Nephew to Hamed, and Babor ex-
Grandfon to Abufayd, upon his Uncle's Death, pell'd Mau
inherited the Kingdom of Maurenabar. In renahar.
the Year of the Hegira 904, Kaybek Kan came
againſt him out of Uzbek, and drove him out
of his Kingdom, where no other of the Race
of Tamerlan Reign'd afterwards. But Mirzah
Babor being expell'd Maurenabar, retir'd to
Gazneben, and thence into India, where he
fettled; and having Reign'd Thirty eight Years
in both Places, died in the Year of the He-
He left two Ann. 15329
gira 937, of CHRIST 1532.
Sons, Homayon Mirzah, and Kamoran Mirzah,
who both Reign'd after their Father. Homayon
Mirzah poffefs'd the largest and most wealthy
Kingdoms of India. He had a Wazir or Vi-
zier call'd Schyr Kan, who rebell'd, rais'd War,
and oblig'd him to abandon his Dominions,
and fly into Perfid, where scba Thamas then
Reign'd, who furnish'd him with 12000 cho-
fen Men, under the Command of a Prime
Commander, call'd Beyram Kan, who taking
Homayon along with him, reftor'd him to his
Kingdoms, reducing them all to their Duty,
killing the Rebel Schyr Kan. This Homayon
was Father to Gelaladin Akbar, mention'd in
our firft Book, from whom the prefent Mogol
is defcended.
Dies.
Mirzah Hyadigar, the Son of Mirzah Sultan Wars be-
Mahamed, the Son of Mirzah Baesfangor, or tween Hya.
Bayfangor, the Son of Mirzab Xarrok, the Son digar and
of
Ocem,
320
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Ann. 1,471.
Ocem, a
of Teymur Langh, or Tamerlan, having, as was
faid above, in the Year of the Hegira 873, of
CHRIST 1469, flain Abufayd, when he was
joyn'd with Acembek, was by him furnish'd
with an Army, with the which he march'd to
Sirabat. Ocem Mirzah, the Son of Manfur,
the son of Babekara, the Son of Hamer Sche-
que, the Son of Teymur, was then King of
Karafon, who being inform'd of Hyadigar's
Defin, advanc'd with Speed to relieve Strabat,
and ingaging Hyadigar, routed him, in the
Year of the Hegira 874, of CHRIST 1470.
After this Defeat he fled to Acembek, who
was then at Tauriz, and furnith'd him again
with a better Army than the former, and with
it he march'd back, to feck out Ocem Mirzab,
whom he overthrew, and compell'd to quit
the Kingdom, flying toward Farial and May-
man, on the Side of Balk. Hyadigar being
poffefs'd of the Government, fo entirely
indulg'd his Eafe, Pleaſure, and Senfuality,
that Ocem being attended by no more than
a Thouſand choice Men, affaulted him by Night,
took and put him to Death, refeating himfelf
on the Throne, in the Year of the Hegira 875,
of CHRIST 1471. In Hyadigar ended the
Race of Myr Scharrok.
Mirzah Sultan Ocem, the Son of Manfur,
good King. the Son of Babe Kara, the Son of Hamar
Scheque, the Son of Teymur, or Tamerlan, who
recover'd the Kingdom Hyadigar had depriv'd
him of, prov'd a good King, a Lover of
Peace, and Justice, and affectionate towards
his People. He adora'd his Dominions with
magnificent Structures, one of the chief where-
of was a famous Madrafa, or Hofpital, for
entertaining of the Poor and Pilgrims, a Work
becoming fo great a Prince. In his Days
the
The Hiftory of Perfia.
321
the Usbeks invaded Maurenahar, and poffefs'd
themſelves of thofe Lands, taking them from
the Progeny of Tamerlan, who had held them
till that Time. Orem defign'd to have op-
pos'd them, advanc'd towards them, and died
by the way at Wadekis, in the Year of the His Death:
Hegira 911, of CHRIST 1506, when he had Aun.1506.
Reign'd Thirty eight Years and four Months
over all Karafon, and at the Age of Seventy,
Twenty whereof he had been fick of a Palfie,
and not able to Ride. He had Fourteen Sons,
Ten of whom fucceeded him together.
Bahady, or Pedy Amazon, and Muzafar Mir- Bahady
zah, Brothers, and Sons to the late Ocem, expell'd his
Reign'd both together at Herat, after their Kingdom.
Father's Death, were invaded by Schayback,
the Usbek; and they finding themſelves too
weak to oppofe him, fled, and left him the
Country. Bahady Azamon went away to Kan-
dar, and thence to Truxys, whence he return'd
with what Forces he could gather againſt the
Usbek, but was overthrown, and fled into Perfia
to Scha Ifmael, who then,Reign'd there, and
gave him a favourable Reception, with the
Lands of Zambe Gazon, about Tauriz, for his
Support, befides Ten Xorafines in Gold every
Day for his Table. The Gold Schorafy of Perfia
is worth Eight Larines, and every Larine about
Two Royals Plate, little over or under. Ba-
hady continu'd at Tauriz Seven Years, till that
of the Hegira 920, of CHRIST 1515, when
Sultan Selim, the Great Turk, taking that City,
carried him away to Conftantinople, where he
died, in the Year of the Hegira 923, which
was of CHRIST 1518.
Mirom Scha, the Third Son of Teymur Langh,
or Tamerlan, had two Sons, Mirzah Homar
who fucceeded him in the Government of
Y
Ader-
Anm. 1515
322
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Aderbaion, and Abubaka in that of Bagdat.
Teymur dying, Homar took upon him the Title
of King, and poffeffing himſelf of his Brother's
Lands, confin'd him at Sultania; but he cor-
rupting fome of his Guards, and killing others
that would have ftopp'd him, broke Prifon,
and ranging about Persia, gather'd a confide-
rable Number of Men, with whom he march'd
against his Brother; and Homar being defeated,
fled towards Karafon, to his Uncle Mirzah
Scharok, who gave him Strabut and Mazandaron
to live on, but he being of a reftlefs Temper,
made War on his Benefactor Scharok by whom
he was alſo overthrown; and flying through
Samarkand towards Morgab, was kill'd by the
way, in the Year of the Hegira 809, of CHRIST
Ann. 1406. 1406.
Tamarlan's
Race in
tina.
Mirzah Abubakar, Brother to Homar, Son
to Mirom Scha, and Grandſon to Teymur, by his
Perfia Ex Brother's Death, remain'd peaceable in Tauriz,
and was a very brave Commander, but unfor-
tunate; for being invaded by Kara Iffuf, the
Turk, who fled from Mezere, or Cairo in Egypt,
he was twice defeated by him, near the Ri-
ver Euphrates, and his Father kill'd the firft
Time. Abubakar thus routed, in the Year of
the Hegira 810, of CHRIST 1407, went a-
way to Kermon, and then to Sifton, and return-
ing thence the next Year with a confiderable
Army, he was kill'd by the way. In him ended
the Succeffors of Chinguis Kan, and Teymur
Langh, or Tamerlan, the Tartars, who go-
vern'd Perfia, which we will now again fpeak
of more particularly.
CHAP.
The Hiftory of Perfia.
323
CHAP. XLV.
Of the Turkish Family of Kara Kuyon-
lu, that is, the Hord or Tribe of the
Black Sheep, who were Sovereigns of
Perfia.
WHEN Sultan
THEN Sultan Weys Helcony was Gover- Kara Mahas
nor of Bagdat, Kara Mabamed, the med Chief
Turk, was employ'd in his Service, and for his of the
Turks of
great Merit by him appointed Chief or Com- the Black
mander of his Hord or Tribe of Kara Kuyonlu, Sheep.
that is, of the Black Sheep, which it is likely
was their Enfign or diftinctive Mark, and they
themſelves were call'd Black, for that is the
meaning of Kara, by way of difference from
the others, whofe Enfign or Emblem was a
white Sheep, as fhall be obferv'd hereafter.
It is to be obſerv'd, that much about the fame
Time, that the Factions of the Neri and Bi-
anchi, or the Black and White, divided Italy,
thofe fame Names, and the Confequences of
them, were predominant in Perfia. Kava Ma
bamed being, as was faid, conftituted Chief of
his Hord, or Tribe, and having fo conti:u'd
as long as he liv'd, that Poft at his Death, de-
volv'd to his Son Kara Ijuf, who in Requital Kara Iſſuf
for the Favour beſtow'd on ius fate and fucceeds
himself, affaulted Bagdat, and took it from him.
Sultan Weys, on whom Tamerlan had beftow'd
it, he being then gone into the Country of
Rumeftan against Bajazet; but at his Return,
being inform'd of the Treachery of Kara Ifuf,
he fent his Grandfon Abubakar agarett Kara
Iffuf, who recover'd and reftor'd it to Sultan
Weys Helcony; yet he enjoy'd it not long, be-
X Z
ing
324
The Hiftory of Perfia.
i
ing expell'd again by Mirom Scha, who
it to the fame Abubakar, his Son.
gave
Kara Ijuf was fled for Safety into Egypt,
where the King fecur'd him, and he conti-
nu'd confin'd till News was brought that Ta-
merlan was dead. Upon this News Kara Ifuf
found means to Efcape, and making towards
Perfia, gather'd an Army, with which he durft
attack Abubakar. Helcony, who being difpof
fels'd of Bagdat, hever'd about at hand, wait-
ing for fome Opportunity to recover it. would
not let this flip, but whilft Abubakar was
marching towards Kara Iffuf, drew near to
Bagdat, and took it. At the fame time, Kara
Isuf and Abubakar met at Nakxoan, where
Illuf got the Day, and the City Tauris, which
having well provided with all Neceffaries for
its Defence, he mov'd against Kara Ofman
Bayandury, then poffefs'd of the Country of
Diarbek, which he abandon'd and fled. Iffuf
plac'd Garriſons there, and return'd to Tauriz,
whence he march'd his Army against Helcony,
whom he flew in Battle, and took the City.
After this, in the Year of the Hegira 815, of
CHRIST 1413, he went to Schirvan, and en-
tring the Country of Gurgeftam, flew Conftan-
tin, the King of that Nation, in Battle, and
brought away Scheque Ebrahem, King of Xirvan,
Prifoner to Tauriz, who afterwards ranfom'd
himſelf for a great Sum of Money. Kara If-
fuf alle took Sultania, Casbin, and Tarom, and
in the Year of the Hegira 821, of CHRIST
Ann, 1420. 1420, march'd to Anteb, a City in Syria, near
Aleppo; but Mirzah Scharrok coming againſt him
from Karafon, he defifted from that Enter-
prize, and went to meet him. Before they
His Death. Could meet, Kara Iffuf died at Ojon near Tauriz;
and having no Son nor Kinſman with him,
nor
The Hiftory of Perfia.
325
nor fo much as a true Friend, for Tyrants
never have any, the Soldiers after plundering
his Tent, left him unburied, ftripp'd to his
Shirt, and his Ears cut off, to take the Jewels
he wore in them. Thus he lay in the Field
for feveral Days, till being afterwards found by
ſome that knew him, they in Compaffion car-
ry'd and interr'd him at Ergis. He enjoy'd the
Title of King Fourteen Years, and died in
that of the Hegira 823, of CHRIST 1421.
He had Six Sons, the Eldeft of them Pyr Bu-
dad Kan died before his Father; the Second
was Amir Scander; the Third Mirzah Joon
Scha; the Fourth Scha Mahamed. This laft
had the Government of Perfia Twenty three
Years, and in that of the Hegira 833, of
CHRIST 1431, was kill'd by Hamed Hama-
dony; the Fifth Son was Amir Apfal, who died
alfo before his Father; the Sixth was Abufayd,
kill'd by his Brother Amir Scandar, of whom
we ſhall ſpeak next.
Iffuf.
Amir Scandar, Second Son to Kara Iffuf, Amir
fucceeded his Father, in the Year of the He- Scander
gira 824, of CHRIST 1422, and continu'd fucceeds
the War against Mirzah Scharrok, by whom he am.1422.
was overthrown in Mefopotamia. He retir'd
towards the River Euphrates, and Scharrok re-
turn'd to Tauriz, where they would not admit
him, both for Love and Fear of Scandar; and
therefore thinking his Stay would be to little
Purpoſe, he went to Karafon, and Scandar to
Tauriz. In the Year of the Hegira 824, of
CHRIST 1426, he Depos'd and put to Death
Amir Schamzadin King of Kalat, and in 830,
or 1428, he did the fame by Sultan Hamed
Curd, Governor of the Province of Curdeftam.
Two Years after he took Sultania, turning
out Mirzah Scharrock's Garriſon,who being in-
Y · 3
form'd
326
The Hiftory of Perfia.
form'd of it, march'd again to Tauriz. Scan-
dar and his Brother Foon Scha went out to
meet him, and found him at Salmas not far
from Tauriz, where they ingag'd: Scandar was
routed, and retir'd in that Condition into the
Provinces of Rumeftan. Yet could not Scharrok
this Time neither make himſelf Mafter of Tau-
riz, but returning to Karafon, and recruiting
his Army, march'd to the City Rey and took
it. There Foon Scha, Brother to Scandar at-
tended, and was reconcil'd to him, and Schar-
rok gave him the City of Tauriz. Upon this
Confideration, Foon Scha arm'd againft his Bro-
ther Scandar, and obtain'd a Victory over him.
Seandar withdrew into Kala Aleniak, where
Joon Scha befieg'd him; and during the Siege,
Schakobad, a Son of Scandar's, tir'd with his
Father's ill Fortune, murder'd him. This hap-
His Death. pened in the Year of the Hegira 841, of
Ann. 1438. CHRIST 1438, and of his Reign the Six-
teenth. He had during his Life kill'd his
Brother Abufayd upon fome Suſpicion con-
ceiv'd.
Joon Scha
Jucceeds
bim
After the Death of Scandar, his Brother
Joon Scha poffefs'd himself of all that had been
his, and when well eſtabliſh'd on the Throne,
march'd against the King of Gurgeftam, and
took him, then moving about to feveral Parts
of Perfia, reduc'd them all under his Obedi-
ence, expelling from fome of them the Gar-
rifons plac'd in them by Mirzab Mamud, the
Son of Bayfangor, who was dead, all which
he perform'd in the Years of the Hegira 856
and 857, of CHRIST 1453 and 1454, when
he alfo fubdu'd Kermon. In 861, which is
1458, he march'd towards Karafon, and the
next Year made War on Mirzah Ebrahem, the
Son of Aladaolet, whom he defeated. In this
Battle
The Hiftory of Perfia.
327
Battle Amir Zadaka Zagatay was kill'd. Sul-
tan Abufayd then reigning at Balk, mov'd a-
gainst Joon Scha, who made up Matters peace-
ably with him, becauſe he had receiv'd Ad-
vice, that one of his Sons had rebell'd in
Tauriz, whither he return'd, and ſeizing that
rebellious Son, cloſely confin'd him. No foon-
er was this Infurrection quell'd, but Pyr Bu-
dak, another of his Sons, who was Governor
of Bagdat, revolted. Foon Scha march'd thi-
ther; and after having held him a Year be-
fieg'd, fome well-minded Perfons interpofing,
they agreed. When all Things were adjufted,
Mahamedy, Brother to the Rebel, murder'd
him, without the Father's Knowledge. Joon
Scha return'd to Tauriz, which he was Sove-
reign of; as alfo all Aderbaion, Hyerak, Per-
fia, Kermon, and a great Part of Syria. In
the Year of the Hegira 872, of CHRIST 1468, he Ann.1468.
march'd his Army againit Ozun Azembek, Go-
vernor of Diarbek, but was forc'd home a-
gain by the Severity of the Winter, and took
the Field again the next Summer. Foon Scha,
either to Sleep the founder, and lay afide all
Care, or becauſe he delighted in it, was wont
to make himſelf drunk every Night, and then
Sleep till far in the Day. This being his
conſtant Cuſtom, the Army march'd, and he
follow'd afterwards, attended by about 1000
Horfe of his Guard. Ozun Azembek had In-
telligence of it, and taking along with him
5000 chofen Men, lay in wait for and at-
tack'd him fo feafonably, and in fo proper a
Place, that before any Relief could come, he
was kill'd, and two of his Sons taken. Ma- His Death.
bamed Mirzah, the Eldeft, was immediately
put to Death, and Illuf Mirzah had his Eyes
put out. Foon Scha reign'd Thirty two Years,
Y 4
liv'd
328
A
The Hiftory of Perfia.
'Acem Aly
last of the
Race.
liv'd Seventy, and was the wickedeft and
lewdeft of all the Princes in thofe Parts, at
that Time.
•
Acem Aly, Son to Joon Scha, inherited his
Father's Kingdom, and all his Treaſures, which
being very great, and he not over Wife, he
rais'd 200000 Horfe and Foot, and gave them
a Year's Pay before-hand; moſt of whom ha-
ving receiv'd it went over to Sultan Abuſayd,
King of Karafon, who was then marching
against him. He flying from this Enemy, fell
upon Ozun Azembek, who defeated and kill'd
him; and in him ended the Sovereignty of the
Family or Hord of Kara Kuyonlu, in the Year
Amm.1469, of the Hegira 873, of CHRIST 1469.
CHAP. XLVI.
Of the Turkish Family, or Hord of
Akuyonlu, which is, the Tribe of the
White Sheep, by another Name, call'd
Bayonduryah, who were Sovereigns
of Perfia.
THE Bayonduris, or Turks of Hord Bayon-
duriah, took the Name of Akuyonlu,
that is, the Hord or Tribe of the White
Sheep, in Oppofition to thofe of the Black
Sheep, fpoken of above in the laſt Chapter;
and the White prevailing against the Black,
made themſelves Mafters of Perfia, their Do-
minion beginning in Ozun Azembek, as fol-
lows.
Ozun
The Hiftory of Perfia.
329
or Ufun
Ozun Azembek, the Son of Alybek, the Son Ozun
of Ofmonbek, the Son of Cotolukbek, was a Azembek,
Turkyman, and fo expert and fortunate in War, Caffan.
that he fubdu'd the beft Part of Perfia. This
is he whom we generally call Ufun Caffan.
(What is here commonly writ Bek, is otherwise
Bey,or Beg,and fignfiies Lord being the Addition to
the Proper Name.) It has been already mention'd,
that Ofmon, or Otmonbek, Grandfather to Ozun
Azembek, was poffeis'd of the Country of
Diarbek, and expell'd it by Kara Iffuf, upon
whofe Death, Perfia, in a fecond Deicent, fall-
ing under his Son Foon Scha, Ozun Azembek,
who had fucceeded his Grandfather, after re-
covering his own Lands, flew him at an At-
tack, and then poffeffing himſelf of Tauriz
and Aderbaion, kill'd Mirzah Sultan Abufayd,
who had march'd againſt him out of Karafen.
When Joon Scha was kill'd, as was faid above,
he had two Sons with him, one whereof was
flin with his Father, the other call'd Mirzah
Isuf remain'd alive, but had his Eyes put out,
and in that Condition retir'd to Xyraz, where
he continu'd as Sovereign. Ozun. Azembek
march'd against him, and entring the City by
Force, kill'd blind Ijuf. Thence he proceed-
ed to Kermon, which he alfo made him.felf
Maſter of, as he afterwards did cf Bagdat;
and when he had fubdu'd Hyerak, Aderbai-
on, Pars, and other Provinces in Perfia, Sul-
tan Muhamed, King of the Rumes, or Great
Turk, made War on him, in the Year of the
Hegira 876, of CHRIST 1472, overthrew him at
Arzenion, kiling his Son, Zeinel Bek, who
was Governor of Casbin, fince the Court of
Perfia. Azembek, after his Defeat, fled to Tau-
riz, and the Turks return'd to Conftantinople.
Azembek having reign'd Eleven Years, died
in
330
The Hiftory of Perfia.
"
His Death. in that of the Hegira 882, of CHRIST 1478;
Ann. 1478. as did Ogorlu Mahamed, the Eldeft of Seven
Sons he had, the Second of which was Sultan
Kalil, the Third Yamb Mirzab, the Fourth
Maciah Mirzah, the Fifth Inf Mirzab, the
Sixth Makfudbek, who flew his Brother Sultan
Kalil, and the Seventh Zeynelbek, who was
kill'd in the War with the Turks.
Sultan
ceeds.
Sultan Kalil, or Hhalil, afcended the Throne
Kalil fue upon his Father's Death, and immediately fent
his Brother Tamb Bek to govern the Country
of Diarbek. One Moradbek rais'd War againſt
Kakil, who routed and made him fly to the
Fortress of Feruzkuk, where one Ozembek Ge-
lony was Commander, who having admitted
Moradbek, fent him Priſoner to Kalil, and he
order'd him to be put to Death in Karafon,
where he then was. In the mean while, Tamb-
bek, then Governor of Diarbek, revolted, and
march'd his Army to Tauris, attended by his
Brother Makfudbek. Kalil hafted thither, they
fought, and he was routed and kill'd by his
Brother Makfudbek, when he had Reign'd but
Six Months.
Is kill'd.
Yamb Bek
fucceeds.
Yamb Bek, the Son of Ozun Azembek, having
flain his Brother, poffefs'd himself of the Crown.
A Commander of his, call'd Buyandurbek, re-
bell'd against him, in the Year of the Hegira
886, of CHRIST 1482, but was by him de-
feated and kill'd, at Savah near Kom. This
fame Year Sultan Mahamed, the Son of Sultan
Murad, died at Conftantinople, and was fucceed-
ed in the Empire by his Son Sultan Bajazeth.
At this Time, Sultan Aydar from Ardavel made
War on the Country of Gurgeftam, and as he
march'd by the way of Xirvan to poffefs him-
felf of that Kingdom, he was prevented by
Farrok Tazor the King of it, who having made.
Applie
The Hiftory of Perfia,
331
Application to Yamb Bek for Succour, and re-
ceiv'd it, under the Command of Seleymon Bek
Bigan, one of his Generals, routed and flew
Aydar at Tabafaron, taking two young Sons of
his, the Eldeft call'd Aly Mirzah, the other
Scha Ifmael, who were fecur'd in the Caſtle of
Sterkfaz, and of whom we ſhall ſpeak here-
after. Tamb Bek having Reign'd Twelve Years
and Ten Months, died at Harabage near Tau-
riz, in the Year of the Hegira 896, of CHRIST
1492, being but Twenty eight Years of Age.
Dies.
Ann. 1492.
Bayfangor Mirzab, the Son of Yamb Bek, fuc- Bayfingor
ceeded his Father in the Throne, and being fucceeds.
very young, was under the Tuition and Go-
vernment of Sufy Kalil Mufulu, one of his
Generals. There were great Commotions and
Troubles upon his Acceffion to the Throne,
becauſe thoſe of the Hord of Bayonduryah were
for Enthroning of Maziah Mirzah, Uncle to
the Infant King, and Brother to his Father;
and joyning with him, made War on Sufy Kalil,
who prefently took the Field, and coming to
a Battle, Maziah was defeated and kill'd, and
his Nephew Roftom Bek, Son to his Brother
Makfud, taken and fent to the Fortreſs of Ale-
niak. At this Time, Soleymon Bigen, who we
ſaid had routed and flain Xeque, or Sultan Ay-
dar, advanc'd from Diarbek againſt Kelil, in
Defence of Farrok Yazor,King of Schirvan,whom
Kalil overthrew and kill'd at Woan. In the
mean while, Hayde Sultan Bayondur, who had
the Command of fome Troops, affaulted Ale-
niak, where Roftam Bek was Prifoner, and ref-
cuing him, he was proclaim'd King. He
march'd away with them, and many more that
joyn'd with him, towards Tauriz, in queft of
Bayfangor, who abandonning the Country fled
away with Kalil to Diarbek. Koftam fent fome
Troops
332
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Troops after them, which took and put Kalil
to Death. Bayfangor efcap'd that Time, and
Is expelled. Roftam Beg remain 'd poffefs'd of the Kingdom,
in the Year of the Hegira 397, of CHRIST
Ann. 1493.
Roftam
Succeeds.
1493.
Roftam Bek, the Son of Makjud, and Grand-
fontozun Azembek,being raid to the Throne,
as foon as he came into Tauriz, releas'd Aly
Mirzah, or Aly Patza, and Scha Ifmael, two
Sons of Aydar, that were in Priſon, and ta-
king the Field with Aly Mirzah, ſet out after
Bayfangor, who came to meet them at Guania
and Bardah, but was there by them routed and
flain. After this Victory, Roftam return'd to
Tauriz, and Aly Mirzab, with his Leave, went
away to Ardavel, his native Country, and Abode
of his Father Xeque Aydar. Roftam repented
he had let him go, fearing his Prefence and
the Memory of his Father might occafion ſome
Commotion, where he prefently ſent after
him, and tho' he flood upon his Guard, he
was kill'd. His Brother Scha Ifmael made his
Eſcape, and got Safe to Gueylon, where Karkya
Mirzab Aly then reign'd, to whom Rostam Bek
fent Embaſſadors, demanding to have him de-
liver'd up to him, which Karkya refus'd.
Ann. 1498. the Year of the Hegira 902 of CHRIST 1498,
Hamed Bek, the Son of Ogorlu Mahamed, and
Grandfon to Ûzun Azembek, march'd from
Diarbek against Roftam, whom he engag'd near
Tauriz, and obtain'd the Victory. Roftam fled
to Gurgeftam, where he was kill'd, when he
had Reign'd Five Years and Six Months.
Is kill'd.
Hamed
King.
•
In
Hamed Bek having expell'd Roftam, aſcen-
ded the Throne. He gave the Government of
the Kingdom of Kermon to Haybe Sultan, and
that of Persia to Kazambek Pernaque. Thefe
two confpir'd together, and made War upon
him,
The Hiftory of Perfia.
333
him, and after fome Encounters he was flain in
a Battle he loft near Ifpahan in the Province of
Hyerak. There now main'd of all the Race
of Ozun Azembek, only three Youths, his Grand-
fons, viz. cultan Morad, the Son of Tamb, in
Xirvan; Alwan Bek, the Son of Ifjuf Bek, in
Aderbaion; and Mahamed Mirzab, Brother to
the latter, at Yazd ; and among thefe three
were divided all the Dominions of Perfia that
had been in the Poffeffion of the Hord of Aku-
yonlu.
Alwan Bek, the Son of Ifuf Bek, and Grand- Alwan
fon to Ozun Azembek, was faluted King of Perfia, Bek reigns,
by Kazembok Pernaque and Gazybek Bayondur,
his Generals and Kinfmen, who were joyn'd at
·Tauriz by Haybe Sultan, who came from Ker-
mon.
Mahamed,
Mahamed Mirzah, Brother to Alwan,
who was at Tazd, took alfo upon him the Title
of King of Ifpahan, or Hyerak, against whom
Alwan march'd his Army, and he withdrew,
without making any Oppofition, into the For-
trefs of Stba. Ozem Quiah Geloky was Gover-·
nor of it, who joyning Mabamed, they both Is outed by
advanc'd towards Alwan, who was then upon
his return, and meeting, they came to a Battle,
which Alwan loft, and retir'd to Tauriz, whi-
ther Mahamed purfu'd. Alwan ventur'd out
again, and was again routed, with the Lofs of
Haybe Sultan, and he fled himself to Diarbek.
During theſe Confufions, the Brothers of Haybe
Sultan declar'd Sulran Morad, who was at Xir-
van, King of Hyerak, and conducting him thence
with a good Army, mov'd in queft of Maba-
med Mirzah, whom they met near Ispahan,
and ingag'd, where Mahamed was routed and He is flain
kill'd, when he had Reign'd a Year, in that of
by Morad.
the Hegira 905, of CHRIST 1500.
!
Ann. 1500.
$
↓
Sultan
f
334
The Hiftory of Perfia:
End of this
Race.
Ann. 1515.
Sultan Morad, the Son of Yamb Bek, by the
Death of Mahamed Mirzah, obtain'd the King-
doms of Pars and Hyerak, and Alwan remain d
poffefs'd of Tauriz and Aderbaion. In the Year
of the Hegira 906, of CHRIST 1501, they
both rais'd Forces, and taking the Field, met
at Casbin. There without Blows, by the Inter-
pofition of fome Perfons, they agreed that each
fhould hold what he had. This was a mifera-
ble Time throughout all Perfia for Robbing,
Violence, Famine, Peftilence, and univerfal
Confufion. In the Year of the Hegira 907, of
CHRIST 1502, Scha Ifmael, the Son of Scheque
Aydar, march'd with his Army from Nakxoam
to Tauriz, where Alwan refided, who abandon-
ning the Country, fled to Bagdat, and thence
to Diarbek, where he afterwards died. Thus
Tauriz fell under the Dominion of Scha Ifmael,
who the next Year, which was 1504, made
War on Sultan Morad, who advanc'd from Schi-
ras to meet him. They fought at Amadon,
where Morad loft the Day, fled back to Schiras,
and thence to Bagdat, where Baribek was Go-
vernor, who receiv'd and protected him ; but
the following Year Scha Ifmael came upon him,
and both Baribek and Morad left the Place,
and fled to Karamon, or Karamania, whence
Morad return'd to Diarbek, where the Kazel
Backs kill'd him, in the Year of the Hegira 920,
of CHRIST 1515, and in him ended the So-
vereignty of the Hord of Akuyonly, or of the
White Sheep, in Perfia.
!
CHAP.
The Hiftory of Perfia.
335
CHAP. XLVII.
Of Chinguyskan's Succeffors, who Rul'd
in Usbek and Maurenahar.
WHILST, what has been faid above
happen'd in Perfia, the Progeny of
Tuxykhon, the Son of Chinguis Kan, reign'd in
Usbek. Schaybek Kan, the Son of Budah Sultan,
being Sovereign of thofe great Dominions,
march'd out of Usbek, with mighty Numbers
of Men, in the Year of the Hegira 900, of
CHRIST 1496, and ranging the Provinces of
Maurenabar and Karafon for four Years toge-
ther, poffefs'd himself of the greateſt Part of
them, expelling the Succeffors of Teymur Langh
or Tamerlan. In the Year 1508, Sultan Ocem
Mirzab dying, as he was going to meet Schaybek
Khan, from Herat to Maurenahar, where he
rul'd, his Son Pady Azamon Mirzah ſucceeded
him, who not being able to withſtand him,
fled to Kandar, whence he return'd with what
Force he was able to make againfl Schiabek, was
by him defeated, and oblig'd to fly into Perfia,
to the Protection of Scha Ifmael Safy, who
treated him honourably. In the Year of the
Hegira 916, of CHRIST 1511, Scha Ifmael
march'd againſt Schaybek. They met at Marwo,
where Schaybek was kill'd in Battle, when he
had Reign'd Twelve Years.
Kuchengy Kan fucceeded Schaybek in Maure-
nabar. In the Year of the Heigra 918, of
CHRIST ISIZ, Scha Ifmael, King of Perfia,
plac'd Nagemy Sony at the Head of a good Ar-
my, and fent him into Maurenabar, where he
was joyn'd by Babor, King of India, and they
both together fought the Usbeks at Gagidaon,
and
336
The History of Perfia.
and were by them defeated, Nagemy Sony being
kill'd, and Babor flying back into India, in the
Year of the Hegira 935, of CHRIST 1530.
Kuchengy Kan march'd with his Victorious Ar-
my into Perfia, at the Time when Scha Thamas,
the Son of Scha ifmael, rang'd there fuccefs-
fully. They met and came to a Battle, which
the Usbek loft, and retir'd to Maurenahar;
whence he again return'd to Marwo, and would
have again broke into Perfia; but a Treaty of
Peace was fet up between him and the Perfians,
which took effect; fo that Kuchengy Kan went
back to Maurenahar, where he died that fame
Year, when he had Reign'd Twenty.
His Son Abufayd Kan Reign'd after him Four
Years, and died at the End thereof, without
doing any Thing remarkable, in the Year of
the Hegira 939, of CHRIST 1533.
Obeyd Kan, Coufin-German to the aforefaid
Abufayd, Son to Mahamed Kan, the Brother
of Schaybek, was declar'd King. This Prince
marching his Army out of Maurenabar into
Karafon, intended to have enter'd Perha, but
was prevented by Scha Thamas, before whom
he fled, without feeing him, abandoning the
Country of Karafon. When Scha Thamas was
gone home, he return'd a fecond Time, and
very much harrafs'd that Country, till the Year
of the Hegira 946, of CHRIST 1549, when
he died at Bokara, having Reign'd but little
above Six Years,
Abdula Kan, the Son of Kuchangy Kan, fuc-
ceeded Cbeyd Kan in the Throne, which he
enjoy'd but Six Months, and then died.
Adelatife Kan, the Son of Abdula Kan, reign'd
after his Father, till the Year of the Hegira 948,
of CHRIST 1542, when he died; and in him
ended the Sovereignty of the Succeffors of
Chinguis Kan over Maurenabar, CHAP.
The Hiftory of Perfia.
337
CHAP. XLVIII.
Of Scha Ifmael Sufy, King of Perfia, his
Origin, and Progeny to this Time.
I
Will now, with my ufual Brevity, give
an Account of Sha, or Sheque Ifmael Sufy,
or Sofi and his Succeffors. He was the Son of
Sheque Aydar, the Son of Sultan Juneyd, the
Son of Sheque or Xeque Ebrahem, the Son of
Xeque or Sheque Aly, the Son of Xeque or Sheque
Muza, the Son of Scheque Sufy, and in fhort,
the Thirtieth Defcendant from Morts Aly, Ne-
phew and Son-in-Law to Mahomet. When
Teymur Langh, or Tamerlan, return'd into
Perfia Victorious over the Turk Bajazeth, he
carried away with him great Numbers of Pec-
ple Captives of feveral Families, out of Cara-
mania, all whom he intended to put to Death,
upon fome remarkable Occafion, and with this
Refolution he enter'd Ardevel, where he con-
tinu'd fome Days. At that Time, there liv'd
in that City, one Xeque or Sheque Safy, re-
puted by thofe People a Saint, and as fuch,
much honour'd and respected. The Fame of
his Holy Life and Virtue mov'd Tamerlan to
covet his Friendship, and therefore he feveral
Times vifited him in Perfon; and when about
to depart Ardevel, took his Leave, offering to
grant him any Favour he thould ask. Xeque
Safy, who had been inform'd of Tamerlan's
Defign to put the Captives to Death, laying
hold of that Opportunity, made it his Re-
queft, that he would fpare them. Tamerlas
defiring to oblige him, not only granted their
Lives, but deliver'd them up to him, to difpole
Z
of
338
The Hiftory of Perfia.
of them as he thought fit. Scheque Safy receiv'd
them all, and having made the beſt Provifion
of Cloaths and other Neceffaries that he was
able, difmifs'd them to return to their own
Homes. This general Benefit fo far gain'd the
Hearts of thoſe People, that both they and the
reft that had been left in their Country, to
fhow their Gratitude, often came to vifit Safy,
bringing him Gifts and Prefents; and this fo
frequently, that few Days pafs'd, on which he
was not vifited bymany; and this fort of Acknow-
ledgment their Pofterity continu'd to the Race
of Safy, till the Days of Sultan Funeyd, his
Third Grandfon, who liv'd in the Days of Foon
Xa, or Sha, the Son of Kara Ijuf, above fpo-
ken of. This Man, confidering how thofe
Vifits were continu'd, the Multitude of thoſe
that made them, both a Foot and a Horſeback,
the great Authority Juneyd began to be in, and
growing jealous of all thofe Circumftances,
order'd him not to receive the Vifits of fuch
a Multitude of People. Juneyd refented this
heinoufly, and to avoid a fecond more diſagree-
able Command, went away with his Devotees
from Ardevel towards Diarbek. Ozun Azem-
bek who then reign'd there, receiv'd him fa-
vourably, and gave him to Wite a Sifter of his
own, call'd Kadiia Katun, who bore him a
Son, whom they call'd sydar. Xeque Juneyd
was wont to make fome Excurfions thence in-
to Gurgeftam, under Colour of Zeal for his Sect,
compelling thofe he made Prifoners to embrace
it i
and thus he continu'd to do, till once en-
tring the Kingdom of Trabizond, and killing
the King, he poffefs'd himself of that Coun-
try, and plac'd his Son Aylar on the Throne,
who held it after his Father's Death. It happen'd
afterwards, that Azembek flew Joon Scha, as has
been
The Hiftory of Perfia.
339
been faid; whereupon Aydar remov'd to Ar-
devel, where he marry'd Alemxa, the Daughter
of Azembek, his own Coufin- German, by whom
he had Aly Patxa, and Sha Ifmael, who was Scha If
born in the Year of the Hegira 892, of CHRIST Ann. 1489,
1488, and he took the Name of Sufy, or Sofi,
for the Reafon given in the First Book.
mael borri
The following Year, Aydar entring the
Kingdom of Schyrvan, was kill'd by Farrok Taf-
far, King of that Country, who routed and flew
him, with the Affiftance of Tamb Bek, as was
obferv'd before; and his two Sons Aly Patxa
and Scha Ifmael were taken; the latter where-
of afterwards Sultan Roftam Bek fet at Liberty,
when he had put to Death Aly Patza the
Eldeft. Scha Ifmael went away into Gueylon,
where he ftaid Six Years; and then ſeeing
Perfia was all in Confufion, with the Trou
bles occafion'd by thofe of the Hord of Aku
yonlu, he remov'd into Arzenion, and having
there gather'd 000 Caramanians, devoted to
Safy, of the Tribes, or Families of Eftayalu,
Kambu, Takalub, Verfatlu, Rombu, Zulkaderlu,
Auxar, Kayar, Sufiah, Karayadak, and many Gains the
others that follow'd him, when he was but Crown,
Fourteen Years of Age, in the Year of the
Hegira 906, of CHRIST 1501, he invaded Aunifor
Schirvan, and ingaging Farrok Taffar, who had
flain his Father Aydar, overthrew, kill'd, and
poffefs'd himself of his Kingdom.
The next
j
Year he made War on Alwan, in Nacxon,
whence Alwan fled, and Ifmael took Tauriz.
Having obtain❜d this Victory, he inftituted the
Tage, which is the Turbant, or great red Cap,
with Twelve Edgings round it, which he gave
his Followers as a Mark of Diftin&tion, in
Memory of the Twelve Sons of Ozem, the
Son of Aly, whom they reckoned as Saints,
and
Z2
340
The Hiftory of Perfia.
and he boafted himſelf to be Defcended from
them; and thence that new Soldiery had the
Name of Cazel Bafch,which fignifies Red Heads,
from Bafch, a Head, and Cazel, Red. This
done, he went away to Arzenion, and march'd
his Army into the Kingdom of Zulkador; but
as foon as he had turn'd his Back, Alwan re-
turn'd to Tauriz, to the Relief whereof Ifmael
hafted, and Alwan fled from him to Bagdat,
and thence into Diarbek, where he died two
Yeas after. This was in the Year of the He-
gira 908, of CHRIST 1503. Ifmael ftaid at
Tauriz but fent his Forces into Perfia, against
Morad Bek, who being defeated by him, with
the loſs of 10000 Men, in the Year 1504,
abandon'd to him Perfia and Kermon, which
all fell under the Dominion of Ifmael, who
went to winter at Kom, and thence fent Elias
Bek with an Army against the City Rey:
Ozem Bek Gelobi, General to Kabat Feruz Kuk,
lay in the way to meet him, and coming to a
Battle, defeated and kill'd him. Ifmael being
inform d of this Overthrow, let out immedi
ately in queft of Ozem Bek Geloki, who re-
tir'd to Feruz Kuk, a Place ſtrong by Art and
Nature. Ifmael belieg'è, and finding no other
way to reduce him, cut off his Water, which
was convey'd from without by Aqueducts, the
want whereof oblig'd the Befieg'd to furren-
der within a Month. As little while as this
War lafted, there died in it 30000 Men.
Having quell'd this Commotion, Ifmael fet out
for Karafen; but as foon as he was gone, one
Rei Mahamed Karraby, with fome Forces,
poffefs'd himſelf of Yazd. Ifmael turn'd back
upon him; and tho' he defended himfelf Brave-
ly, the City was at length taken, as was Kar-
raby, whom Ifmael caus'd to be burnt, in the
Year
The Hiftory of Perſia. ·
34隻
​Year of the Hegira 911, of CHRIST 1506.
He mov'd thence to Schiras, where he put out
a Proclamation, ordaining, That every Man
who had been in the War againſt his Father
Aydar (hould be put to Death; upon which
Edict between 30 and 40000 Men perill'd.
In the Year of the Hegira 914, of CHRIST
1509, whilft he was wintering at Turon, Sul-
tan Oxem Mirzah, King of Karafon died, and
Schabek Kan, the Usbek, poffefs'd himſelf of
his Dominions, the dead King's Sons flying to
Hyerak.
Ifmael march'd his Army into the Country
of Rumeftan, or the Turks, and having given
the Government of Diarbek to Mabamed Kan
Eftayalu, in the Year of the Hegira 916, of
CHRIST III, advanc'd to Bagdat, where
Barbeyk govern'd, who left that City to him
and fled to the Turks; and he poffefs'd himfelf
of it, notwithstanding the Lofs of Men he fu-
ftain'd in paffing the River Tygris, as was men-
tion'd in the Firft Book. Hence he proceed-
ed to Kufiftam, which is the fame as Suter, the
City Sufa, or Sus, where Abafbuerus and Eſther
liv'd, and it ftill flouriſhes, which Place he
took, and in the Depth of Winter march'd his
Forces to Schirvan, Babu, and Darband, and
took them. In the Year of the Hejira 914,
of CHRIST 1512, he mov'd into Karafon,
againſt Schaybek Kan, who hearing of his Ap-
proach, retir'd to Marwo. Imael provok'd
him to take the Field: He did fo, they came
to a Battle, which Schaybek Kan loft, together
with his Life, and Karafon fell under the Do-
minion of Ifmael.
This Year died Bajazeth the Second, King Selim,
of the Rumes or Turks, and his Son Selim fuc- Grand Sig-
ceeded him in the Throne, In the Year of nor.
23
the
342
The History of Perfia.
the Hegira 919, of CHRIST I514, was born
Xa, or Sha Thamas, the Son of Scha Ifmael
Sufy, or Sofi; and the next Year Selim march'd
his Army to Arzenion. Ifmael was then at
Ifpahan, the Capital of the Province of Hyerak
in Perfia, whence he remov'd to Chalderon,
where the two Armies met and fought; and
Ifmael being routed, with the lofs of 5000
Men, retir'd to Tauriz, and thence to Gazin.
Sultan Selim enter'd Tauriz, where he ftaid but
a Fortnight, and then return'd to Amafiah.
This Year the Cazelbax's flew Sultan Azorad in
Diarbek, and brought his Head to Scha ifmael;
and the next Year Selim took the important
Fortress of Kemak, and poffefs'd himſelf of the
Lands of Aladaolet and Zulkader, and of Aleppo
in Syria. In the Year of the Hegira 923, of
CHRIST 1518, he fubdu'd Diarbeck, which is
Mefopotamia, and dying in 1521, was fucceed-
ed by his Son Soliman. Sha Ifmael Sufy, or
Soft, having been King of all Perfia Twenty
Ann. 1525. Years, died in 1525, at the Age of Thirty
eight. He was refolute in War, formidable
and undaunted; rather harsh and cruel, than
mild. He was wont to fay, That as there is
but one God in Heaven, fo there ought to be
but one King upon Earth; and his infatiable
Ambition made him afpire to be the Man. He
was much reſpected, and honour'd by his Sub-
jets, as a religious and holy Perfon; and fome-
times his barbarous Troops would have attri-
buted to him fome fort of Divinity; but as
haughty as he was, he always rejected it. This
he did moft fignally one Time; when after
gaining a coftly and most important Victory,
fome faluted him by the Title of a Prophet,
others of an Angel, and others of a God; and
not being able to diffwade them from it, he
Scha Ilma-
el dies.
Caus d
The History of Perfia.
343
caus'd a mighty Pit of a great Depth to be
dug, and throwing one of his Shooes into it,
order'd the Man that lov'd himself beft to go
fetch it out. No fooner was the Word cut of
his Mouth, than fome Thoufands leap'd in, and
the Moment they were down all the Earth that
had been dug out of it was thrown upon them;
and thus their Ignorance and Barbarity was
chaftiz'd by being Buried alive. He had four His Iffue.
Sons, Scha Thamas the Eldeft, the Second
Aleas, or Elias Mirzah, the Third Som Mir-
sab, and the Fourth Barbon Mirzab.
mas fuc-
Seba Thamas, Eldeſt Son to Sch. Ifmael Suly, Scha Tha-
or Soft, fucceeded him in the Kingdom of Perfia,
and was ingag'd in fome Wars, the moft con- ceeds him.
fiderable of them with the Turks. He reign'd
Fifty three Years, and died in the Year of the
Hegira 983, of CHRIST 1576, leaving two
Sons, Scha Ifmael, and Asabamed the Blind.
Scha Ifmael, Eldeft Son to Sha Thamas, inhe- Scha If-
rited his Father's Kingdom of Perfia, and held mael.
it but one Year and Ten Months, at the end
whereof he died, and left the Crown to his
Blind Brother Mahamed, in the Year 1578.
Scha Mahamed, Second Son to Scha Thamas, Scha Mi
and Brother to Scha Ifmael, upon his Death hamed.
afcended the Throne, and tho' Blind, govern'd
the Kingdom Seven Years, at the end whereof
he died,
Scha Abas, Son to Blind Mahamed, by his Scha Abas.
Death inherited the Crown of Perfia, and is
still reigning, having rul'd Thirty three Years,
during which Time he has undertaken feveral
Expeditions, the moſt remarkable whereof were
into Gueylon, which had rebell'd, and by him
reduc'd, with eminent Danger to himſelf and
Forces, as was faid in the First Book. He
march'd to Balk, in Usbek, which he held
Z4
fome
344
The Hiftory of Perfia.
ſome Months befieg'd, and was at laſt forc'd
to rife without taking it, after fuftaining fome
Lofs. He deftroy'd the Kingdom of Lar in
Perfia, the King whereof was taken and put
to Death, for offering Violence to, and rob-
bing the Caravans that pafs'd that Way. He
recover'd the City Tauriz from the Turks, who
were in Poffeffion of it fince the Days of his
Grandfather Scha Thamas, from whom they
took it, on which Account the Turks continue
the War in Perfia. I write no more Particu-
lars of this King, or his Predeceffors, think-
ing what I have faid fufficient to answer my
Undertaking, to give an Account of the Kings
of Perfia, and the Succeffion of them till our
Days, leaving a more ample Relation to fuch
as have more Ability, Leafure and Curiofity,
and praifing God, for that he has been pleas'd
to permit me to put an End to this Abridg-
ment.
Thus far our Author Teixeira; we shall now
add a Brief Account of the Kings of Perfia, who
bave Reign'd from that Time till our Days.
THE
The Hiftory of Perfia.
345
THE
SUPPLEMENT
то
Teixeira's Hiftory of Perfia.
O what has been above faid concerning
T Sha Abas, in the Thirty third Year of Scha Abas.
whofe Reign Teixeira concluded his Hiftory,
we may add what follows. He was call'd the
Great for his many confiderable Actions, ha-
ving reduc'd all the great Monarchy of Perfia
under his Obedience by Force of Arms, tho'
but an inconfiderable Part of it own'd him at
his first Acceffion to the Throne. Befides his
many warlike Exploits, he is famous for ha-
ving built a noble Caravanfera, or Houſe for
Entertainment of Strangers, and moft Magni-
ficent Mofque, and the Royal Palace at Iſpa-
han; but the greatest of his Works was cut-
ting through Mountains, to render the River,
which runs by that City, Navigable.
was he only remarkable or his Succefs in War
and Structures, his prudent Government gain'd
him no leſs Renown, and he was look'd upon
as a juft Prince. One cruel Action has left a
Stain upon his Reputation. Of all his Sons
he had only one left, call'd Sepbi Mirza, a
Nor
Prince
346
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Killt his
only Son.
Prince excellently qualify'd and expert at all
Weapons. The People had a great Efteem for
him, which gave his Father fome Jealoufie, as
fearing he might not wait for his Death to af-
cend the Throne. His Jealoufie was increas'd
by this Accident. Sephi Mirza happen'd to
let fly the firft Arrow at a wild Boar in his
Prefence, which is a Capital Crime in Perfia,
no Man being permitted to fhoot before the
King. However, Scha Abas did not express
his Refentment, the Reaſon why he then fup-
prefs'd his Anger, being that Prince's having
no Children; but he foon after getting a Son
on a young Woman Slave, he had taken a Fancy
to, as Scha Abas's Affection increas'd towards
the Infant, fo the Jealoufie he had conceiv'd
of his Son advanc'd, till being no longer able
to conceal it, he caus'd that Prince's Eyes to
be put out. Nor would that fatisfie him, for
being ftill afraid of him, Blind as he was, he
order'd a great Man of the Court to bring him
his Head. That Nobleman, furpriz'd at fuch
a Command, refus'd to obey it, faying, He
would rather lofe his own Head than embrew
his Hands in his Prince's Blood. The King,
offended at his Difobedience, Banifh'd him,
and the next Day having enjoyn'd another
Prime Man to do the fame, he immediately
put it in Execution, and brought him his Son's
Head in a gold Bafon. That diſmal Object
brought him to himſelf, and not being able to
forbear fhedding Tears at fuch a Melancholy
Spectacle, turn'd out that Executioner with
many Reproaches, feiz'd all his Eftate, and
allow'd him only a Mamoudi, that is, about
Nine-Pence a Day to fubfift on. The other
Nobleman, who had fo generouſly refus'd to
obey the cruel Command, was foon after re
call'd,
The Hiftory of Perfia.
347
call'd, and had one of the beft Governments.
in the Kingdom beftow'd on him as a Reward
for his Loyal Diſobedience.
Ever fince then, all the Male Children of the
Blood Royal are kept fhut up in the Haram,
or Women's Apartment, with two or three.
Eunuchs, who teach them to Read and Write,
and to shoot with a Bow. They alfo ride a-
bout the Gardens on an Afs, but never a Horfe-
back, nor are they feen by the People. Thus
it was that Scha Abas bred his Grandfon. He
reign'd upwards of Forty Years, and died in
the Year of our Lord 1628. Before his Death, Ann. 1928.
he order'd himſelf to be buried in fome Place
that might be altogether unknown to all Men;
that his Grandfon thould be immediately upon
his Demiſe feated on the Throne, and that he
fhould be call'd Scha Sephi.
Dies
As foon as Scha Abas had expir'd, the Ge- Scha Sephi
nerals of the Horfe and of the Musketiers,
who had receiv'd his laft Orders, hafted to
the Palace at Ipahan, where being attended
by many more of the Nobility, they brought
out the young Prince, and proclaim'd him
King; taking off the Veft he had on, and
tearing it, which is a fign of Mourning in
Perfia, and putting him on another plain one,
which he wore till Midnight. Then was he
Clad in the Royal Robes, feated on the Throne,
and complimented by all the Nobility, as was
done the next Day by the Commonalty. He
continu'd fome Years very unskilful in the Art
of Reigning, as well by Reafon of his tender
Years, as becaufe his Grandfather had in his
Infancy ftupify'd him, by taking too much
Opium; for which Reafon, the Phyficians ad-
vis'd him to drink Wine, to warm his Blood
and
?
348
The Hiftory of Perfia.
and chear his Spirits. At length, with thefe
Helps, he came to himſelf; and the firſt re-
markable Thing he did, was ftriking off the
Head of Ali Couli Kan, who had conquer'd the
Kingdoms of Lar and Ormus for his Grand-
father. He alfo caus'd three of that General's
Sons to be beheaded; as alfo feven other Prime
Men of the Court after his Return to Ispahan ;
and fo by Degrees took the Government into
his own Hands. The Occafion and Manner
of the Death of thofe great Men was thus.
It was thought that Scha Abas had left a
private Order with the Sultanefs and Mirza
Tabe, enjoyning them to take off thofe Noble-
men as foon as Scha Sephi was well fettled on
the Throne, and had appointed fuch Gover-
nors in all Parts as he could rely on. Thoſe
Gentlemen having got the wind of that Order,
and concluding that the Time drew near for
putting of it in Execution, prevented Mirza
Take, by murdering of him one Morning at
his Levee, which they immediately acquainted
the King with themfelves, in a very prefump-
tuous Manner. Scha Sephi diffembled his Re-
fentment, and told them, They had done very
well. It is to be obferv'd, That the Sultanefs
and Mirza Tabe held their private Councils at
Night, he being cut Clofe, and difappointed
all that thofe great Men us'd to project in the
Day. The Sultanefs therefore contrivd their
Death. Eight or nine Days after they had
committed the Murder, thofe Perſons fitting in
Council with the King, an Eunuch came in,
which was the Signal for the King co rife, and
as foon as he withdrew, the Room was fill'd with
Eunuchs, who fell upon Fani Kan and his Ac-
complices, and ftruck off their Heads, which,
with
The History of Perfia.
349
with their Bodies, were immediately expos'd
to the View of the People in the Meydan, or
Great Square of Ifpahan; and the People in
Perfia never prefuming to examine what the
King does, moft of them kick'd the Heads
about, faying to one another, Thefe are the
Heads of the Dogs, who have difpleas'd the
King.
Having faid, that Mirza Tabe was cut Clofe, Puniſhment
which gave him the Liberty of entring the Ha- of Sodomy.
ram, or Women's Apartment, it may not be amifs
to mention how he came fo. Being Governor
of Giulan, under Scha Abas, he abus'd one
of his Pages in the unnatural Way. The Youth
rode Day and Night till he came with his Com-
plaint to the King, who gave him the Govern
ment of Giulan, with Orders to fend him Mirza
Take's Head. That Governor miffing his Page,
and concluding he was gone to complain, which
would be his inevitable Ruin, refolv'd to pre-
vent it by puniſhing himſelf, which he accor-
dingly did, cutting off all the Part wherewith
he had committed the Crime. In that Condi-
tion he caus'd himſelf to be carried to Court
in a Horſe-Litter, with an able Surgeon atten-
ding; and getting to Ifpaban along an uncom-
mon Road, was convey'd in that Condition to
the King, to whom he prefented the undeni-
able Teſtimonials of his Repentance, begging
Pardon for his Offence, which was granted,
upon Confideration that he had receiv'd a fuf-
ficient Puniſhment, and he fent back to his
Government, other Satisfaction being made to
the Page. This Man Scha Abas thought wor-
thy to be made Athenat Doulat, or Prime Mi-
nifter, after his Death, which coft him his
Life, as was faid above.
Scha
350
The History of Perfia?
Notable
Story of
Abi Mer-
dan Kan.
Scha Sephi being rid of thofe dangerous great
Men above mention'd, was defirous to have
the Head of Ali Merdan Kan, Governor of
Candabar, of whom he had conceiv'd much
Jealoufie, on Account of his prodigious Wealth,
all his Service being of Gold, and his Hou-
fhold as Magnificent as the King's. But he
could never compafs it; for that Governor,
being prefs'd to come to Court, and fufpect-
ing it was to undergo the fame Fate with the
others, deliver'd up the Province of Candahar
to the Mogol, by whom he was much ho-
nour'd and carefs'd. His Wealth was not ac-
quir'd by himself, but came by Inheritance 3
for he was defcended from the ancient Kings
of Candahar, who were of the Tartar Extra-
tion. The Mogol could not honour Ali Mer-
dah Kan more than Scha Sephi did his two Sons,
whom he had in his Power, and whom all
Men expected he would have put to Death.
This Policy of Scha Sephi was afterwards very
advantageous to his Son Scha Abas the Se
cond, when he laid Siege to Candaler, with
50c00 Men; for the Mogol's Army being
moftly compos'd of Perfians, they call'd to
Mind how kind Scha Sephi had been to Ali
Merdan Kan's two Sons, and therefore made little
Oppofition against the King of Perfia, who,
accordingly foon recover'd Candahar.
The
Mogol being concern'd at that Lefs, one Day
ask'd Ali Merdan Kan, how he might re-
cover Candabar, who anfwer'd, It would be
an cafie Matter, if he could find out fuch ano-
ther Traitor as himfelf.
The Reign of Scha Sephi was tyrannical,
whereof I will here give buc
Returning one Day from the
Kelenter, who is as it were
cne Inftance.
Houfe of the
Mayor of the
Town,
The Hiftory of Perfia.
35 I
Town, at Zulfa, where he had been making
merry and drank Wine to Excefs, as foon as
he came to the Palace, he fent for his Sulta-
nefs; the, being inform'd that he had drank
hard, made no hafte to him, fo that he fell a-
fleep. Awaking foon after, and not finding
the Queen, he fent for her a fecond time, and
fhe came.
As the came into the Room fhe
perceiv'd he was fallen afleep again, and ex-
pecting him to awake again, went into a Nich,
or fort of Clofet cover'd by the Hanging, us'd
to lay by the Quilts and Bedding. The King
awaking again, and ftill miffing the Queen,
ask'd in a Paffion, why fhe did not come. The
King's Mother, who was no other than a Ge-
orgian Slave, and mortally Lated the young Sul-
tanefs who was Daughter to the King of Ge-
orgia, becaufe little Account was made of her,
being then in the Room, laid hold of this Op-
portunity to incenfe the King against her, and
made a Sign with her Hand, to fhow the
young Queen was in the Nich. The King Drunken
then ftarting up in a Rage, ftabb'd that unhap Cruelty.
py Princess five or fix times, and without a-
ny Concern laid him down to fleep again.
The next Morning having only a confuled
Notion of what he had done over Night,
he ask'd for the Queen, and being told what
had happen'd, he was much concern'd, and
immediately fent Orders throughout all the
Kingdom, that no Wine fhould be drank;
directing all Governours to ftave all Veffels
in which any fhould be found; which was ac-
cordingly done in all Places, except the Houtes
of the English, the Durch and the Capucins.
However this Regulation was of no long Con-
tinuance, for the next Year Wine was made
and drank as before.
Another
:
4
352
The History of Perfia.
.:.
Another time having been entertaind by a
private Perfon, call'd Gorgia Sultenon, at Sul-
fa, and drank very hard, the next Day he was
much out of Order, and fell into a violent Fe-
ver, which had like to have carry'd him off.
Some Enemies of that Armenian told him he
had made that Entertainment to poifon the
King, who was dangerously fick, and if he
happen'd to die, he muft look to himſelf.
The Armenian was in fuch a Fright at it, that
he poifon'd himself, and cy'd in two or three
Hours after. There was fome Show made of
enquiring who had put him into that Fright;
but great Men at Court being concern'd in
it, all was buth' up. This King reign'd 14
An. 1642 Years, and dy'd in 1642, of exceffive drink.
ing, which he was much addicted to.
Scha Sefy
Dies.
IL
His Son Scha Abas he Second was enthron'd
Scha Abas at Casbin with the ufual Ceremony about the
latter end of the fame Year, and made his fo-
lemn Entry into Ifpahan the Beginning of the
next. The Day for his Entry being appoint-
ed, all the Inhabitants were under Arms, and
made a Lane along the Road, without the Ci-
ty, which with abundance of Horſe and Foot
from all Parts, and other People coming, ex-
tended five Leagues in Length. All the Way
for two Leagues was cover'd with Brocards
of Gold or Silver, Silks and other rich Stuffs,
which coft the King nothing, the Scha Ban-
der, or Chief of the Merchants, obliging eve-
ry one to furniſh his Part for that Solemnity.
The European Merchants were allo order'd to
attend the King, and being prefented to him,
kifs'd his Boot. None rides on the Silks a-
bove mention'd but the King, and as ſoon as
he is paf'd, the Mob forambles for them.
When the King was arriv'd in the City, there
were
The Hiftory of Perfia.
353
were curious Fire-works in the Meidan, as al-
fo Illuminations, and all other Sorts of Re-
joicings.
The next Year, 1643, the Prince of the
Usbecks came to Ifpaban, to crave Succour of His Gene
the Perfian King, against his Sons, who were roity.
in Rebellion, and had defeated him in two Bat
tels, in the laft of which he had loft an Eye.
Scha Abas went out himſelf to meet and re-
ceive him with the greateft Honours, giving
him the Left Hand, which in Perfia is the moſt
honourable. After having friendly entertain'd
him for fome Time, he affifted him with 15000
Horſe, 8000 Foot, and 6000 Tomans in Mony,
being about 200000 Pounds Sterling, with
which he recover'd his Dominions.
Scha Abas was a brave and generous Prince,
and a great Lover of Strangers. He under-
ftood Drawing, and was nice in all Sorts of
curious Workmanship, but he lov'd Wine, like
his Father, and having drank to Excess was
guilty of fome Actions, which would be thought
crue in Europe, and yet in Perfia they are look'd Loyalty of
upon as juft Punishments for difobeying the Perfans.
Prince. It is an eftablish'd Principle among
thoſe People, that they ought to obey the
King as they would God, whom he repre-
fents, and when a Perfian (wears by the King's
Head, that he will do any thing, he infallibly
performs it, and that out of hand.
Scha Abas having one Day drank to Excefs
in his Haram, or Apartment of the Women, he
commanded three Ladies to drink. They ex-
cus'd themſelves, alledging, that they intend-
ed ſhortly to go in Pilgrimage to Mecca; but
the King repeating his Command two or three
Times, and they ftill refusing to obey, he or
der'd them all to be bound, a great Fire to be Cruelty.
A a
lighted,
Drunken
354
The Hiftory of Perfia.
1664.
lighted, and them to be caft into it, where they
were burnt.
At another Debauch, the King again de-
fir'd a Lady to drink Wine, and the refufing,
he ſtarted up and order'd the Chief of the
Eunuchs to burn her, as had been done by the
other three. He was about performing it, but
the Lady prevail'd with her Prayers and Tears
to fpare her, hoping the King would relent,
when the drunken Fit was over, becauſe he
had an extraordinary Affection for her. The
King awaking, ask'd the Eunuch, whether he
had fulfilled his Commands, and he anſwering, he
had thought himſelf oblig'd to refpite the Exe-
cution, that Prince was fo highly offended, that
he caus'd the Eunuch to be immediately burnt,
and pardon'd the Lady.
Death of
Scha Abas reign'd above 22 Years, and dy'd
Scha Abas, at a Place call'd Tebzon, in the Year 1664, of
an Inflamation in the Throat, occcafion'd by.
exceffive drinking, after the Example of his
Father. His Body was convey'd to Kom, where
he had built his Monument.
As foon as he was dead, the General of the
Musketeers, and the chief of the Aftrologers,
repair'd to the Haram, or Women's Apart-
ment, where they faluted the Prince, King.
He proftrated himſelf at the Gate of the Haram,
and then fitting on his Heels, one of them that
brought him the News of his Acceffion to the
Throne, according to Cuftom, put on his
Sword, faying, Tour Majesty may be pleas'd to re-
member, that your Slave has had the Honour of
girding on this Cymiter. Having fo faid, he
withdrew to go order the Trumpets to
found and the Drums to beat as ufual, and all
the People hearing that Noife, reforted in the
Morning to the Meydan, or great Square, cry-
ing
The Hiftory of Perfia.
355
ing before the Palace Gate, Patfcha Salamelek,
that is, I falute you Emperor. This is all the
Ceremony of Enthroning a King of Perfia,
only the Cap of the Sophis is fet on his Head,
but there is no Crown, or Coronation.
the Second,
This Monarch was call'd Scha Sefi the Se. Scha Sefi
cond, and having been always of a weakly or Soliman.
Conftitution, fell dangerously ill, preſently af-
ter his Advancement. It is the Cuftom, up-
on fuch Occafions, for all the great Men of
the Court, and the Governors of Provinces,
as foon as they have Notice of the King's In-
difpofition, to fend each of them a Sum of
Money to Court, according to their Ability,
or Generofity. It is generally in Gold, and
is put into a Gold Baſon, adorn'd with preci-
ous Stones, which is wav'd three times over
the King's Head, uttering thefe Words at the
fame Time, Patfſcha bachena courbon olſon; that
This Money is a Sacrifice for the Health of the
King's Head. If the King recovers, all that
Money is given to the Poor, with much more
added by him and all the Haram; but if
he happens to die, it is all put into the
Treaſury, and the Poor have nothing. The
zoth of August, 1667, his Diftemper was at
the higheft, and it was thought he would not
have liv'd till the next Day. All the great Prayers for
Men of the Court, feeing him in that Condi-
tion, repair'd to the Mofque call'd Babaron,
without the City, to pray for his Health, and
all of them together gave near 1000 Temans
in Charity to the Poor; being near 4000
Pounds. The next Day all the Armenian
Chriftians were commanded to pray for the
King's Health, and they all, as well Clergy
as Laiety, went to offer up their Devotions,
on the Bank of the River, which is between
Ifpabars
A a z
him.
*
356
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Superflition.
Ifpahan and Zulpha. They alſo ſent their
Kelonter, or Chief, with fo Tomans in Gold,
to be wav'd over the King's Head; but that
is not done with the fame Words that are
exprefs'd when they wave the Money fent by
thoſe who profefs the Law of Ali, for they
then only utter thefe Words, Berrai fe fadduk,
that is, Design'd for Alms.
The King, a few Days after, was out of
Danger, but the Matter was, to reftore him
to perfect Health. Having been always in a
languishing Condition, and his Thyficians ne-
ver able to dif over the Caufe of his Diftem-
per, he ſuſpected that their Ignorance retarded
his Recovery, and two or three of them were
therefore ill treated. At Length, the other
Phyficians, fearing it might be their own
Turn next, bethought themfelves, that Perfia
being at the fame time afflicted with a Scar-
city of Provifions, and the King's Sicknefs,
the Fault muſt be in the Aftrologers, who had
not chofen a favourable Hour when the King
was fet upon the Throne, and therefore per-
fwaded him, that the Ceremony must be per-
form d again, and he change his Name in a
more lucky Minute. The King, and his
Council, approving of their Notion, the Phy-
ficians, and Aftrologers together, expected
the first unfortunate Day, which, according
to their Superftition, was to be follow'd in
the Evening by a propitious Hour. Among
the Gavres, or original Perfians, Worshipers
of Fire, there are fome, who boaft their De-
fcent from the Ruftans, who formerly reign'd
over Perfia and Parthia. On the Morning of
the aforefaid unlucky Day, they took one of
thoſe Gavres, of that Blood-Royal, and ha-
ving plac d him on the Throne, with his
Back
i
The Hiftory of Perfia.
357
Back againſt a Figure that repreſented him to
the Life, all the great Men of the Court came
to attend him, as if he had been their King,
performing all that he commanded.
This
Scene lafted till the favourable Hour, which
was a little before Sun-fetting, and then an
Officer of the Court came behind, and cut
off the Head of the Wooden Statue with his
Cymiter; the Gaure then ſtarting up, and run-
ning away. That very Moment the King
came into the Hall, and the Sofy's Cap being
fet on his Head, and his Sword girt to his
Side, he fat down on the Throne, changing
his Name for that of Soliman, which was per-
form'd with the ufual Ceremonies, the Drums
beating, and Trumpets founding, as before.
It was requifite to act this Farce, in order to
fatisfic the Law, which requires that in order to
change his Name, and take Poffeffion of the
Throne again, he muft expel a Prince that
has ufurp'd it upon fome Pretenfions; and
therefore they made Choice of a Gaure, who
pretended to be defcended from the Ancient
Kings of Perfia, and was, befides, of a diffe-
rent Religion from that of the Government.
The King continuing to recover his Health
from that Day, and the Price of Provifions
abating, the Phyficians retriev'd their Credit,
and all the Aftrologers were difgrac'd, except
2 or 3, look'd upon to be the ableft of them.
Scha Soliman, before his Acceffion to the Cruelty.
Throne, had fcarce feen any thing but Wo-
men, and black Eunuchs, among whom he
had no Opportunity to learn the Art of Go-
vernment, and was only educated in Cruelty,
and Lafcivioufnefs. Being led by his bloody
Temper, the first Part of his Reign was
extraordinary fevere and rigid, of which we
A a 3
have
358
The Hiftory of Perfia.
have a confiderable Inftance in what he did by
one of his Concubines. It is a Cuftom among
the Kings of Perfia, to marry their Concu-
bines to Men of low Condition, and ac-
cordingly Scha Soliman gave one he was moft
fond of, to a Scowrer of Cloth; but his Kind-
nefs ftill continuing, he took her again into
the Haram, fending her Husband into fome
remote Parts, with an honourable Employ-
ment, after he had Six Children by him.
The King being curious, or rather jealous,
ask'd her one Day, which of the two fhe
lov'd beft; and the anſwering undauntedly,
that it was her Husband, becauſe he had her
in a lawful Manner; he, in a Paffion, order'd
her to be thrown into the River; but his Affe-
tion returning upon him, he forgave her, as
he did afterwards, having order'd her to be
burnt alive, and the continu'd in the Haram
after his Death.
He practis'd his Cruelty a long Time, put-
ing to Death many great Men of the Court,
Lewdnef. upon flight Occafions; but giving himſelf up
afterwards to Drunkenneſs and Women, he
feem'd to bear only the Title of a King, leav-
ing the whole Adminiſtration of the Govern-
ment to Mirza Taber, his prime Minifter.
This Man was a downright Knave, and not
regarding his great Age, which was about
80 Years, becaufe ftill of a hail Conftitution,
he regarded only the higheſt Bidder, and fome-
times was ſo mean as to take a Crown. It
was reported of him, that being one Day ask'd
by the King, how many Children he had, he
anfwer'd, he did not remember the Number,
but that, when he went home, he would fend
it him in Writing.
Scha
The Hiftory of Perfia.
359
Scha Soliman being fometimes urg'd to de-
clare War against the Turks, upon an extra-
ordinary favourable Opportunity, anfwer'd,
that having once concluded a Peace, as re-
queſted of him, he ought not to break his
Word; and being farther told, that the
Grand-Seignior would certainly make War
on him, as foon as he was at Peace with
the Chriftian Princes, he reply'd, he should
be contented as long as Ifpaban was left
him.
However, he had War with Sultan Colican,
King of the Usbecks, and was a Lofer by it.
The Occafion of it was, that the faid King's
Brother going in Pilgrimage to Mecca with
the Queen, attended by 3000 Tartars, Sche
Soliman would permit only 200 of them to
come into Ifpahan, and a Casket of Jewels be-
ing by them left in his Cuftody, till the Re-
turn of thoſe Princes; he understanding that
the Queen return'd without her Brother-in-
Law, who had dy'd by the Way, made her go
by the Way of Sciras, and not by Ifpahan, re-
fufing to restore her Jewels.
To conclude with this King, his Reign
was not remarkable for any honourable Adi-
ons, and therefore it will be convenient to
come to the end of it. On Wednesday, the
21st of July, 1694, the King was taken ill,
or rather grew worie of his Diftempers, occa-
fion'd by Excels of Wine; being apprehen-
five of the Danger of his Life, he the next
Day order'd 3700 Tomans' to be diftributed
among the Poor, and Directions to be ſent to
all Governors of Provinces, to discharge all
Prifoners throughout the Kingdom. Nothing
avail'd, for he dy'd the 28th of the aforefaid
A 3 4
Month,
}
360
The History of Perfia.
Scha Offen,
1694.
Month, at 53 Years of Age, when he had
reign'd 30.
The next Day his Son, Scha Offen, was feat-
ed on the Throne, and being advis'd to take
the Name of Scha Ifmael, he anfwer'd, he had
already a Name of his own, and fo kept it.
One of his firft Actions was, to forbid the
Ule of Wine, upon pain of Death; breaking
all the Vols in the Palace, wherein it had
been kept for his Father. He was 25 Years
of Age when his Father dy'd, and is ftill
living; but of his Actions, we have hitherto
no particular Account, only, that he did not
Murder, or put out the Eyes of his Brothers,
long after his Exaltation, according to the
barbarous Cuſtom of that Country, and it is
believ'd that he may abrogate it.
The End of the Hiftory of PERSIA.
A
The Hiftory of Perſia,
361
A
BRIEF ACCOUNT
Of the moſt
Remarkable PROVINCES,
And which have continu'd longeſt un-
der the Dominion of Perfia.
By PETER TEIXEIRA, Author of the
Hiftory of PERSIA.
PER
ERSIA, by the Natives call'd Pars, or
Agem, and thence the Natives Parfi or
Agemy, being one of the greatest and most re-
nowned Monarchies in the World, cannot be
affign'd any certain Boundaries, by reaſon of its
various Extent under feveral Poffeffors, whofe
Dominion fometimes extended over more, and
fometimes over fewer Kingdoms and Provinces,
of which I will mention thofe that continu'd
longeſt under its prefent Government, and
were leaft fubject to change, taking Notice of
the principal Towns in them, for the more
Perfpicuity, leaving a more particular Defcrip-
tion to Geographers.
PARS
362
The Hiftory of Perfia.
PARS
Is one of the Provinces of that Kingdom,
but not of the largeft, whofe Capital is Schiras,
a great and noble City. It abounds in Corn,
Flefh, and Fruit, yields great Quantities of
Rofe-Water, and Hides, and has a confiderable
Trade with all the Kingdoms fubject to the
Crown of Perfia. They here wear ſome Silks
of their own Product. Here is alſo the City
Lar, by the Portuguefes call'd Lara, which
gives Name to the Laris, an extraordinary pure
Silver Coin, well known and current through-
out all the Eaft. This City is Metropolis of a
Kingdom, and in it the beſt Bows they have
in Perfia are made. In the Year of our Lord
1593, and in the Month of September, there
happen'd fuch a dreadful Earthquake in this
City as overthrew above 1200 Houſes, ruin'd
moſt of the Walls, fpoilt many Cisterns, for
they have no other Water but what they fave
when it Rains, and kill'd 3000 of the People.
There are befides in this Province of Pars,
the Towns and Cities of Tarom, Jaharom,
Kazru, Laftam, where the Ingo, that is, the
Alla Fatida grows, Stakabanon, where the
Pagnis graze which have the Bezoar Stones,
and the Natives are all Bald; Neriz, whoſe
Mountains are full of Mines of excellent Steel,
where they make good Arms, and many Cu-
riofities; Pazab and Dar-Aguerd, renown'd for
abounding in Provifions, fresh and dry Fruit,
and Rofe Water, befides many other Places of
lefs Note.
Hr.
The Hiftory of Perſia.
1363
HYER AK
Is another large and confiderable Province
of Perfia: Its Metropolis is Hifphaon, or Ispa-
han, a very populous City, fometimes the Re-
fidence of the Perfian Kings, has a great Trade,
and is plentifully fupply'd with all Neceffaries.
Here is alſo the City Yazd, not fo famous for
its Bignefs, as the delightful Situation, and for
the many rich Carpets made in it, which are
the beſt in all the World, much Silk, and ex-
cellent Rofe Water. Kaxon is noted for the
great Quantity of Silk wove in it, and for the
Fertility of its Soil for all Sorts of Fruit, a-
mong which the Quinces are known by the
Name of Kaxon, as being the most delicious.
Here are allo, Kam, Saoah, Kazbin, the Court
of the Kings of Perfia, after they loft Tauriz,
Amedom, Nabaoand, Targazin, Damaoand, Ta-
baron, Rey Sebarear; where there is much Manna,
but not of the pureit; and many other Towns
of lefs Note.
ADER BAION, or AZARBAION,
Is another great Province, its Capital the
famous City Tauriz, the Court of the Perfian
Kings, before it was taken by the Turks. This
Country abounds in all Things neceffary, and
drives a great Trade with Ruffia, Poland, Muf-
covy, Circaffia, Gurgeftam, and all the Provin-
ces of Perfia. It produces fome Silver, and a
great Quantity of Allom, and Madder for dy-
ing. The Natives are commonly call'd Calon-
ges. The other Towns are Xyruan, Nakxoan,
Hordobat, Ardauel, or Ardeuil, &c.
GUEY
364
The Hiftory of Perfia?
GUETLON, or GUILON,
Is another Province fubject to Perfia, of a
great Extent, containing much excellent Land,
and lyes along the Cafpian Sea, which has its
Name from it, for the Perfians call it Daryah
Gueylany, the Sea of Gueylon. It is divided
into five Governments, the Capitals whereof
are the Cities of Raxt, Laion, Gaxkbar, Lan-
garkanon and Kudam. They generally call
Gueylon, by the Name of End Safet; that is,
White India, becauſe it is a pleaſant, temperate
and fruitful Country. It borders on Muscovy,
which the Perfians call Mofcau.
There follow along near the Caſpian Sea,
Mazandaron, Strabat, Boftam, Sabzabah,
Nicabar, where the Turky Stones are found,
and other Places, all of them formerly the
Capitals of Kingdoms and Provinces, now re-
duc'd to particular Governments of Perfia, but
ftill populous Cities.
KAKASO N,
The Portugueſes generally call it Corafon,ano-
ther Province fubject to Perfia, containing Ve-
ry confiderable Towns and Cities. The chief
of them all is Mexed, a great and populous
City, where the Perfian Kings, ever fince Scha
Ifmael Sufy, or Sof, have their Place of Bu-
rial. Here is alfo the City Thun, large and a-
bounding in rich Silks; Tabos very famous;
Kabem, fruitful in Saffron; Hrey, yielding
much
1
2
The Hiftory of Perfia.
365
much excellent Manna, the Walls of it wash-
ed by the delightful River Habin; Marwo,
Herat, and others fufficiently known. They
alfo export from this Province Carpets, Affa
fetida, Surma, and other Commodities. It has
plenty of Provifions, and tho' it always be-
long'd to the Perfian Kings, yet a great Part
of it is now fubject to the Uzbeks, who find-
ing thofe Kings engag'd in War with the
Turks, invaded their Lands and poffefs'd them-
felves of many they have in this Province.
KERMON,
Another Perfian Province, lyes between it
and Karafon, and takes its Name from a great
City, fo call'd; it has many other Towns, but
not very confiderable, and yields Rofe-Water;
Carpets, Tutty, Wormfeed and Surmah, a
Stone good for fore Eyes, and us'd there to
make them black.
The other Provinces of Perfia are
Sagiſtam, Tabarſtam, Rableſtam, Nim-Ruz,
Stha-Har, Siftom, Curdeftam, Loreftam, and ſeve-
ral others of lefs Note, which I omit, to avoid
being tedious. Perfia for the most part abounds
in Corn, Fleſh, new and dry Fruit, both of
the European Sorts, and feveral others, all at
very reafonable Rates. The Natives are Fair,
Beautiful and well fashion'd; their Habit is the
Turkiſh, and their Sect, that of Morts Aly,
which differs a little from that of Mahomet.
They generally fight a Horſeback, with Spears,
Bucklers, Bows, Arrows, Cymeters, Battle-
Axes,
L
366
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Axes, Coats of Male, and they ride with fhort
Stirrups. In War they are brave, and endure
much Hardſhip; in Peace, much addicted to
Reading, and value themſelves upon it; being
particularly affected to Poetry, in which fome
among them have gain'd Renown, and they
have many learned Pieces in it. They are ve-
ry amorous, and acquainted with all ſpecula-
tive Sciences, which their Profeffors difcourſe of
very judiciously; only their Law has no more
Volumes, than only that of their Sect, by which
they are wholly govern'd, committing the Ad-
miniftration of Juftice to Perfons of Integrity.
The Men are jealous, and the Women not over
Chafte. In short, Perfia is one of the polite
Monarchies of the World, and none of the
leaft. Mighty Caravans ufually refort from
all Parts of Perfia, to Harmuz or Ormuz, to
trade with the Portuguefes,and other Chriftians,
Heathens, and Mahometans, refiding in that
Place, and barter their Commodities, which
are Gold, Silver, raw and wrought Silk, Bro-
cades, Carpets, Horfes, Madder, Allom, Tut-
ty, Rheubard, Roſe-Water, and feveral others,
for very fine Cloth, and Muflin, Cloves, Cin-
namon, Pepper, Cardamon, Ginger, Mace,
Nutmeg, Sugar, Tin, Sindal, or Sanders, Sa-
pom, that is Brazil Wood, China-Ware, Musk,
Amber-Greefe, Lignum Aloes, precious Stones,
Seed Pearl, Indigo, Lake, &c. The Perfians fail
upon no Sea, but the Cafpian, and fome that go
into India, take their Paffage in Portugueſe
Ships, or others, with their Leave. (Obferve
this was writ, when the Portuguefes were Ma-
fters of Ormuz, fince which that Matter is al-
ter'd.) All the Natives of Perfia are either
Schyay
The Hiftory of Perfia.
397
Schyay Mahometans, hich are much the greater
Number. or Heathens, call'd Gaor Yazds, or
Gauris, who worthip Fire, and thefe tho' nu-
merous, are but few in Compariſon of the o-
thers; or elfe Jews, who enjoy their Liberty
throughout all the Provinces of Perfia, and
there may be between eight and ten thoufand
Families of them; befides a good Number of
Armenian and Neftorian Chriftians.
MAURENAHAR
Is the Name of thofe Countries, which lye
beyond the River Gehun, that divides them
from Karafon, and it contains Koarrazm and
Gazneben and then follow Turkeftam, Uzbek,
Tatar, Ketao Kotan, and very many more no
lefs wealthy and plentiful than warlike.
UZBEK
Is a Province of vaft Extent, and tho' for-
merly always fubject to Perfia, is now not on-
ly independent, but makes War on that King-
dom, and has gain'd fome Lands from it. This
Province, as it is fo large, contains feveral
Towns and Cities of great Note. The Me-
tropolis of it is Balk; befides which there are
Samarkand, where Tamerlan was born; Da-
markand; Bohara, the Place of Boaly, or A
vincen's Birth; Kaxgbar, and Axkbar, whence
we have the beit Rhubarb, and many more. The
Natives are Warlike, and fight a Horfeback,
with Bows and Arrows, Spears, Swords, Buck-
lers, and Battle-Axes, always flying, and they
have in our Days much extended their Do-
minions. Among the reft, they have poffefs'd
them-
368
The Hiftory of Perfia.
themſelves of the Kingdom of Kandar, or Kan™
dabar, the King whereof went away to im-
plore the Affiftance of the Mogol, putting him-
felf under his Subjection; and yet he, tho' fo
potent, was not able to reſtore him. The Uz-
beks have no King by Inheritance, but when
their Commander in Chief dies, they chufe a-
nother. Their Faces and Beards refemble the
Chineſes, their Bodies large and ſtrong, they
ſpeak a little through the Noſe, like the Chi-
nefes, and have much of them in their Habit,
Countenance and Pronunciation.
A
The Hiftory of Perfia:
369
A
Chronological Table,
Of the Sovereigns of PERSIA, till the
Arabs enter'd that Country, according
to Mirkond.
The Tears of their Rule are taken from the fame
Hiftorian. Thofe diftinguifb'd by a G, are
Governors, though fome call them Kings. Such
as are link'd together thus, { are the King,
and those who govern'd under him. Where
there is no Number of Years, the Time that
thofe Perfons govern'd is uncertain.
Years. Mon. Days.
Contempo- R Ayumarras
40 00
00
Syamek
00
00 00
Ouxangh
50
00 00
Thamures Divband 30
00 00
Jambxed
do
00 00
Zoahk
00 00 00
Abraham. Fraydhuri
00 00
00
Manucher
120 00 00
Moſes.
Naudar
7
00
00
Afraliab
I Z
00
00
Zaab, or Bazab
$
00 00
Kay Kobad
100
00 00
B b
Solomons
370
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Solomon. Kay Kaus
Kay Khozrao
Years. Mon. Days:
150 00 00
60 00 00
Lorafp, or Loraſeph 120 00 00
Guſtaſp, or Guſtaſeph 120
00
00
Bahaman Daras Daftë
or Ardſchir
aft}
112 00 00
Homay, a Queen
༡༠
00 00
Darab
I 2
00
00
Darab II.
14
00
00
Scander,or Alexander 14
00
00
An Interregnum
72
00 00
Schapur
60
00
00
Ardſchir Babakhon
50
00
00
Schapur Zabel KetafG.
CHRIST ArdfchirFarzand Hor-7
moz
and Hor-3 o
00
00
Shapur
60
00
00
Baharon Kermon Scha 15
00 00
Yazd Gerd
22
00 00
Kezere Khozrao
00
00 00
Baharon Gur
00
00 00
Narfy, or Narfa G.
Baharon Gur
Narfy, or Narfa, G.
Baharon Gur
oo
00 00
00
00
00
oo
00
00
23
00
00
Yazd Gerd
00
00
Narfy, G.
00
00
00
Yazd Gerd
00 00 00
Yazd Gerd
21
00
00
Hormoz Farzand
I 00
00
Feruz
00 00
00
Sufara, G.
00 00
00
Feruz
00
00
Sufara, G.
00
ου
Feruz
26
00
00
Belax
S
ƒ oo
00
SJamafp, G.
2Kobad
00
00
43
00 00
Kefere
The History of Perfia.
371
Years. Man. Days.
Kefere Anuxiron, or Nauxirvan 48 00
Hormoz
00
12 00
00
Baharon Chuby
00
00
00
Khozrao Parvez
38 00
00
Kobad Schyruyhe
00
08
00
Scharear
I
00
00
Joon Schyr
I
00
00
Turon Dokt, a Queen
I
04
00
Jaranceda
00
об
Azarmy Dokt,
a Queen
06
00
Kefere
1
00
00
Feroghzad
O ΟΙ
00
Yazd Gerd
20 00 00
Next follow the Califs of Bagdad who were So-
vereigns of Perfia, after the
Arabs broke
into it.
Homar
Ofman, or Otmản
Morts Aly
Acen
I 00
00
I I
OS 00
4
сб
00
O
об
00
Of the Hord or Family of Ben Humya.
Mawya
Yezid
Mawya II.
Marwan
Abdel Malek
Oelyd
20 00 00
3
co 00
O
OI IQ
I 00 00
2 I
ΟΙ 00
a
08
00
Soleymon
Hamar, or Homer
Yezyd II.
06
2
05 00
4
08
00
Ofchon
19
08
00
Oelyd II.
I
02 00
Bbz
Yezyd
372
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Years. Mon. Days.
Yezyd III.
Ebrahem
Marwan II.
06
co
O
02 00
5
00 00
Of the Hord or Family of Eben Abas.
Safa
4
09
00
Abu Jafar
23
01 00
Mahady Bila
II
00
00
Elady Bila Mufa
03 00
Arraxid Bila Harun
23
07
07
00
Mahamed Amin
4 07
00
Mahamun
12
00 00
Abu Ezach Matazon
8 09
00
Wazek
S
00
00
Almotowakul Bila Jafar
12
00
00
Montacer
O
об
00
Abul Abas Hamed
5
09
00
An Interregnum
O 00
00
Moftahkin
I
04
00
Almotez Bila
3
06
00
Motady Bila
O II
00
Almat Hamed Bila Hamed
23 00
00
Motazed Bila Hamed
9 09
Moktafy Bila
4 00
00
Moktader Bila
7
00
00
Jafar
20
00
Kaher Bila Mahamed
I
06
00
Razy Bila Mahamed
4 00 00
Moktafy Bila Ebrahem II.
4
00 00
Moſtachfy Abdala
4 04 00
Mutya Bila Fazele
29
06
00
Tahya Abel Karim
17
02
оо
Kader Bila Hamed
41 04
00
Kakem, or Alkakem Beamaryla?
Abu Jafor Abdula
344 04 00
Almok-
The Hiftory of Perfia.
373
Almoktady Bila
Years. Mon. Days.
19 05 00
Almoftazer Bila
25 06
00
Almoftarzed Bila Fazele
17
02
Raxet Bila
2
00
Almoktafy Bila
24
00
00
Almoſtanget Bila Ifſuf
I I
Almoſtanzy Benur Elah Azen
Nacer, or Nacere Ladiula
Alzaker,or Altaker Bila Mahamed oo
Almoſtanzer Bila Manfer
Almoftacem Bila Abdula
17 00
15 07 00
Mogols, or Tartars, that were Sovereigns of
Perfia, defcended from Chinguis Khan.
9 08
47
09
00
Chinguis Khan
Otkay Khan
Sayurk Khan
Manchu Khan
Ulaku Khan
Haybak Khan
Argon Kahn
Baydu Kahn
I 00 00
13 00
00
I 00
00
13
00
6
00
17
00
Hamed Khan, or Nicudar Oglan 2
Gazun Khan,
Alyaptu King, afterwards called}
Sultan Hamed
Sultan Abufayd Bahader Khan
3
00 00
I 00 00
8 09 00
I 2
09 00
19 00 00
Mogols, or Tartars, defcended from Tamerlan,
who were Sovereigns of Perfia.
Teymur Langh, or Tamerlan
36 00
00
Mirzah Scharrock
43 00
00
Ologh Beg
2 00
00
Mirzah Abdelatife
об 00
Bb 3
Mirzah
374
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Mirzah Abdula
Years. Mon. Days
I 00
00
In Maurenahar, Mirzah Sultan 7
Abufaid
altanz
"Z18
00
Mirzah Sultan Hamed
Mirzah Babor
Mirzah Hyadigar
In Karafon, Mirzah Sultan Ozen
Bahady, or Pedy Azamon,
and Muzafa Mirzah
Brothers, jointly
Myron Scha
Mirzah Abubakar
28 00 00
38 00
00 00
2 00 00
38
04
00
I 00
0.00
៖ ៖ ៖
Turkymans of the Hord of Kara Kuyonlu,
that were Sovereigns of Perfia.
Kara Iffuf
Amir Scandar
Joon Scha
Acen Aly
14
00
00
16 00
00
32
00
00
I
00 00
Turkymans of the Hord of Akuyonlu,
that were Sovereigns of Perfia.
Ozun Acen Beg
II
00
00
Sultan Kalil
о об
00
Yacub Beg
12
10 00
Bayſangor Mirzah
I
00 00
Roftambek
5 об
00
Haymed Beg
I
00
00
Alwan Beg
I 00 00
Morad Beg
I
00 00
Scha Ifmael Sophy, and his Race,
Sovereigns of Perfia.
Scha Ifmael Sophi
20 00 00
Scha Thamas
53 00 00
Scha
The Hiftory of Perfia.
375
Scha Ifmael
Scha Mahamed, the Blind
Scha Abas
Scha Sephi
Years. Mon.Days.
I
00
00
7
eo 00
40 00 00
14 00
Scha Abas II.
22 00 00
Scha Sephi II.
30 00
00
Scha Offen, now living.
A
Bb 4
376
The Hiftory of Perfia,
A
Brief Account
Of the Kingdom of Harmuz, or Ormuz,
and of its Kings, 'till it was fubdu'd
by the Portuguefes, extracted from the
Hiftory written by Torunxa, King of
that City.
T
Orunxa, King of Harmuz, or Ormuz,
having compos'd a Book in his Perfian
Tongue, both in Profe and Verfe,
which he calls Scha Noma,that is, a Relation of
the King or Kings, and wherein he treats of
the firft Original of that Kingdom, and the
Kings his Predeceffors, he begins his Hiftory
at Adam. For my Part, I fhall reduce to a
few Leaves the Subſtance of what he fwells
out to a confiderable Volume, and with my
ufual Brevity ſpeak of the firſt founding of
that Kingdom, the Number of Kings, their
orderly Succeffion, and whatfoever more may
be of Ufe, and not to be omitted.
Torunxa gives two very different Relations
of the erecting of that Kingdom of Harmuz,
and the Creation of its firft King, leaving e-
very Man to chufe that he likes belt. He tells
us that an Arabian Prince, whofe Name was
Alabamed
The Hiftory of Perfia.
377
Mahamed Dram Ku, lineally defcended from
the ancient Stock of the Kings of Sabah, a
Province in Arabia, where the Queen that
went to visit Solomon reign'd, being ambitious
to extend his Dominions, as generally Mo-
narchs are, departed his own Lands; and rang-
ing about with arm'd Force, fubdu'd thofe
about him, without ftopping, 'till he came to
the Shore of the Perfian Gulph, by the Por-
tugueſes call'd the Gulph of Ormuz, and there
perfwaded his Men to cross over the Sea with
him, affuring them of Succefs on the Perfian
Side, where he intended to build a Bandel, or
Sea-port Town, which fhould be more re-
nown'd, and of greater Trade, than that of
Soar, a Port on the Coaſt of Arabia, upon
the fame Gulph, then much frequented by
Merchants, and tho' now by the Injury of
Time reduc'd to an inconfiderable Place, yet
the Conveniency of its Situation, and the Ru-
ins ftill remaining, do teftifie it was formerly
a Place of Note, and fuch I believ'd it to have
been, when I faw it.
Having fixt this Refolution, he mov'd with
all his Men to Kalayat, a Port in Arabia, on
the Perfian Gulph, near Cape Rozalgat, where.
having provided all Neceffaries, he embark'd
with all his Followers, and croffing the Gulph,
arriv'd at Jafques, a Place well known on the
Coaft of Perfia, and running along it to the
Northward, put into Koftek, another Port
there. Scha Mahamed had left a Son of his at
Kalayat, attended by a Wazir, or Vizier, a
difcreet Man, with Orders, that in caſe any
Misfortune befel him on the other Side, he
fhould fecure that Port for his Retreat. He
landed his Men at Koftek, and feeking about
for fome proper Place to fettle on, was in-
form'd
378
The History of Perfia.
form'd that a little further up, there was one
very fit and commodious for his Defign. He
march'd thither, and having maturely confi-
der'd and liking it, ftay'd there, mark'd out
and founded a City, divided the Land, which
was not very populous, as he thought fit,and
coin'd Mony, whence he had the Name of
Dram Ku. He had with him a Son call'd
Soleymon, through whofe Induftry the City
increas'd and proſper'd very much, and there
Scha Mahamed refided, governing in Peace and
Juftice, and being a Man of good Temper,
wife and brave, the Governours of Schiras and
Kermon, his Neighbours, maintain'd a ſtrict
Amity with him. Some Years after the build-
ing of Harmuz, Scha Mahamed dy'd, leaving
that City in a profperous Condition to his Son
Soleymon.
The other Account Turon Scha gives of the
Original of this Kingdom of Hormuz is thus.
When Scha Mahamed's Father was King in A-
rabia, being at War with another, he loft a
Battle, and not thinking himſelf fafe in Ara-
bia, croſs'd the Perfian Gulph, and landing at
Mogoftan in Perfia, fettled there, with his Son
Mahamed, who had bore him Company. At
that time a tyrannical Prince reign'd in thoſe
Parts, who befides the other Wrongs he did
his Subjects, oblig'd them to give him the
first Night's Lodging with every Maid that
was to be marry'd. Mahamed, tho' young,
had a great Spirit, and a generous Soul, and
therefore taking Compaffion on the Oppreffi-
on of thoſe People, he offer'd to deliver them,
tho' it cost him his Life, which he perform'd
after this Manner. He pretended to marry a
Maiden of Quality, out of the Town, and be-
ing himself handsome, and as yet beardlefs,
cloath'd
The Hiftory of Perfia.
379
cloath'd himſelf in a Woman's Habit, but well
arm'd underneath, and thus difguis'd and well
attended, they brought him in the Evening to
the King, who fuppofing him to be the Maid
he expected, ſhut himſelf up with him in a
Room, little thinking what he did. Maba-
med pretending to be baſhful, endeavour'd to
gain Time the beſt he could, 'till a fair Op-
portunity offer'd, which he laid hold of, and
ſtabb'd him dead. Then hafting out of the
Chamber, he acquainted thoſe who waited for
him with what he had done, and they imme-
diately proclaim'd Liberty. This Service was
fo acceptable to all thofe People, that in Re-
turn they agreed to confirm on him the Dig-
nity and Title of the murder'd Tyrant. Thus
Mahamed was declar'd King, and took the
Stile of Scha Mahamed, fignifying King Maha-
med, adding the Name of Dramku, on ac
count of the Mony he prefently coin'd. Being
thus created King, the better to improve his
Dominions, he founded the City Harmuz, in
a Plain of the fame Name, whence all the
Kingdom was fo call'd, and behav'd himſelf,
as was faid above, 'till his Death. This is the
moſt likely Original, the Reader may chufe
which he pleaſes.
Upon the Death of Scha Mahamed Dramku,
firft King of Harmuz, his Son Soleymon
fucceeded, and was the fecond King. He was
affable, and well belov'd of all Men for his Vir-
tue and Juſtice, which gain'd him great Re-
nown, and having reign'd many Years in
Peace, he dy'd and left the Crown to his Son
Iza, the Third King, who prov'd a good
Prince, and under him his People enjoy'd
Peace and Profperity. He made his People
apply
380
The History of Perfia?
apply themſelves to Tillage, and planting of
Palm-Trees, being himſelf very affifting to
them, by his Goodneſs and Favour; and they,
in Gratitude,fometimes hazard'd theirLives and
Fortunes to ferve him, fo that he confiderably
extended his Dominions, and dying was fuc
ceeded by his Son
Laxkary, the fourth King, as good as his
Father, a Lover of Juftice, and Protector of
the Poor, by which Means he gain'd the
Affections of his Subjects. Among the reft
he had a Son, call'd Kaykobad, to whom for
his excellent Qualities, he refign'd the Crown,
and retir'd himself from Court, to lead a foli-
tary Life, where he dy'd fome Years after.
Kaykobad, the Fifth King, no way dege-
nerated from his Predeceffors, but was a Lover
of Juftice, fupported the Needy, curb'd the
Great Ones, and dying left the Throne to his
Son,
Iza, the Sixth King, and fecond of that
Name, who was a martial Man, undertook
fome Warlike Expeditions, which prov'd fuc-
cefsful. The Kingdom of Harmuz profper'd
under him, and at his Death devolv'd to his
Son,
Mamud, the Seventh King, a good Prince,
and had many Children. It was the Cuftom
of the Kings of Harmuz, for their own grea-
ter Security, and to prevent Commotions, to
place all their Kindred, who might aſpire to
the Crown, in Forts and other Places, re-
mote from their Refidence, where they con-
tinu'd 'till farther Orders from the King. For
this Reaſon, Mamud, of whom we here treat,
had plac'd aNephew of his, call'd Mir Schaba-
din Molongh, in the Fortreſs of Gat, which is
in Perfia, and in the Lands of Brahem and
Mostagam,
The History of Perfia.
381
Mostagam, as were feveral others poffefs'd
by the Kings of Harmuz, and fubject to the
Portuguefes in Perfia. Mamud was inform'd,
that his Nephew contriv'd to kill him, and
order'd him to be fecur'd, defigning to put
him to Death, if the Treafon were prov'd;
but Mir Schabadin Molongh understanding it,
fled to the Fortress of Scugon, where he was
well receiv'd and carefs'd by the Governour,
who alſo marry'd him to a Daughter of his
own, by whom Schabadin had a Son, call'd
Nocerat Regbdar, and a Daughter nam'd Se-
talkatum Schabadin. In the mean while Ma-
mud dy'd at Harmuz, and his Son
Schaxanxa fucceeded him, being the Eighth
King. He perfecuted Molongh, but notwith-
ſtanding all his Endeavours could not get him
into his Hands. After fome Years, great Num-
bers of Men came out of the Lands of Hyr,
making an Irruption into thofe of Harmuz.
Schaxanxa march'd out to oppoſe them, tho'
with a Force much inferior to theirs. Mir
Schabadin Molongh understanding the ill Condi-
tion his Uncle was in, and thinking this a
proper Opportunity to be reconcil'd to him,
with his Father-in-Law's Leave, gather'd all
the Forces he could, and join'd Schaxanxa.
After kiffing his Foot, he fell back and fol-
low'd him, attended by his Troops, but the
Uncle made him come up to his Side, with
Tokens of much Affection. Being come up
with their Enemies, they engag'd, and in the
Battle Schaxanxa, King of Harmuz was flain,
whereupon
Mir Schabadin Molongh was proclam'd King,
being the Ninth. He profecuted the War a-
gainst the People of Hyr, whom he entirely
defeated, and then return'd to Harmuz; where
he
382
The Hiftory of Perfia.
he rul'd, to the general Satisfaction of the
People. He marry d his Daughter Set Alka-
tun Schabadin to Amir Seyfadin Ben Azar, Son
to his Brother Aly, King of the Iſland of Keys.
Soon after this Match, Aly dy'd, and the
People of Keys, at the Inftance of Mir Schaba-
din, King of Harmuz, receiv'd Amir Seyfa-
din for their King, who immediately repair'd
thither, with his Wife. Not long after dy'd
Mir Schabadin Molongb,King of Harmuz, and
one Rex Scharear,his Wazir, or Vizier, ufurp'd
the Kingdom. The People of Keys, as foon
as they heard of the Death of Molongh, and
the Revolt of Scharear, depos'd Amir Seyfadin
from the Throne, and he fearing they might
alfo take his Life, made hafte out of the lfland,
and went away for Harmuz, where he was
well receiv'd by all Men. Scharear, who had
ufurp'd the Crown, was then in the Fortreſs
of Kaream, whither Seyfadin hafted. Scharear,
who was in the Place, with ten of his Kin-
dred, took up Arms, and bid every Man ſhift
for himſelf, and fell his Life dear; but he and
they were all kill'd, and Seyfadin remain'd pof
fefs'd of the Throne, and was the Tenth King.
The firſt thing he did was the marrying of
three Daughters,Rex Scharear left, to three of
the prime Men in his Court. Then calling
to Mind, how he had been us'd by the Peo-
ple of Keys, he made War on them, carry'd
over his Forces into their Ifland, and over-
threw them, killing many and taking ſome of
the Heads, whom he carry'd away with him;
and putting into the Ifland of Gerun, now cal-
led Harmuz, or Ormus, then not inhabited,
flew them there on a Mountain, thence call'd
Kery Koftoron, that is the Mountain of the
Slain, which Name it preferves to this Day.
He
The Hiftory of Perfia.
383
He went thence to Harmuz, where he spent
the rest of his Life in Peace, and was fucceed-
ed by his Nephew,
Schabadin Mamud, the Eleventh King, and
Second of the Name, Son to Iza, who en-
joy'd Peace all his Days, and did nothing re-
markable; but at his Death left the Crown to
his Nephew,
Anir Roknadin Mamud, the Twelfth King,
under whom Harmuz profper'd very much.
He kept numerous and good Forces, which
gain'd him confiderable Victories, and enlar
ged his Dominions, extending them as far as
Zafar. He reign'd 35 Years, and dy'd in that
of the Hegira, 676, of CHRIST, 1278. His
Son,
Amir Seyfadin Nocerat, the Thirteenth
King, afcended the Throne, and was oppos'd
by two Brothers of his own, call'd Amir Kod-
badin Thabatan, and Amir Moehzadine Fulad,
or Pulad; and tho' moft of the Troops fa-
vour'd Nocerat, yet could he not prevail a-
gainst his Brothers, who oblig'd him, and his
Mother Babi Banek, to fly the Kingdom.
Babi Banek went away to Kermon, which Pro-
vince was then govern'd by Sultan Gela-
ladin Suraget Mex, who gave her a very
honourable Reception, and fuch a Supply of
Forces, as reftor'd her Son Nocerat to the
Throne. However his Brothers did not give
over molefting of him, but he took Amir
Moehzadin Fulad and put him to Death.
Mir Kodbadin Thakanfon, the other Bro-
ther, being fupported by one Malek Sey-
fadin Abubakra Haony, invaded Hormuz,
and coming to a Battle with Nocerat, at Denu,
defeated him, and he fled to Komzara, and
thence in a Tarranqui, which is a light Boat,
pafs'd
崖
​384
The Hiftory of Perfia.
pafs'd over to Lapht, a Port and Town in the
Ifland Brod, by the Portuguefes generally call'd
Queixome. When Nocerat was departed the
Kingdom, the two Companions vary'd fo much,
that Malek Seyfadin kill'd Kobadin; and the
People and Soldiers difappoving of Malek's Pro-
ceedings, call'd home Amir Seyfadin Nocerat;
and reftor'd him to the Throne, expelling Ma-
lek. Nocerat being thus again poffefs'd of the
Kingdom, two other of his Brothers, call'd
Amir Mafand and Amir Turkon Scha, aſpiring
to the Crown, murder'd him bafely, and with
him, his Sifters, Bibi Banek and Bibi Neyty.
Amir Seyfadin Nocerat reign'd Twelve Years,
and died in that of the Hegira 689, which
was of CHRIST 1291.
Mafand, having kill'd his Brother, poffefs'd
himſelf of the Kingdom, as 14th King. He
was of a martial Temper, and brave; but fo
cruel and ftern, that he was foon fenfible he
had incurr'd the Hatred of all Men, which
made him afraid of his Perfon, and therefore
he put to Death many of the Nobles and Com
mons; whereupon moſt of the Men of Note
repair'd to Amir Bahadin Agaz Seyfin. This
Man had been Slave to Nocerat, the late King,
who repofing much Confidence in him, had
in his Life-time made him Wazir or Vifier of
Kalagat, a Port in Arabia above fpoken of.
He pitying the Sufferings and Calamities
of the Kingdom of Harmuz, rais'd Forces,
and tranfporting them over the Gulph of Perfia,
march'd towards Amir Mafand, whom he
fought and defeated. Mafand fled to Kermon,
and remov'd thence to Syrion, where he died
feveral Years after, having Reign'd but Three.
Mir
The History of Perfia.
385
I
Mir Babadin Ayaz Seyfin, who, as has been
faid, had been a Slave to Nocerat, having
routed Mafand, took upon him the Govern-
ment, as 15th King, and went about to Re-
form and bring Things into better Order, but
was hinder'd by the Troubles that enfu'd 3
for Mir Turkan Scha and Mir Saliak, two
Brothers to the baniſh'd Maſand, held Corre-
fpondence with him, defigning to restore him
to the Throne. Ayaz being inform'd of it,
feiz'd them, and chopt off their Heads, by
which Means he had fome Quiet. But in the
Year of the Hegira 70c, which was of CHRIST
1302, great Swarms of Turks coming out of
Turkeſtan, poffels'd themſelves of many Lands
in Persia, and breaking into the Kingdom of
Kermon, came down from thence to that of
Harmuz, deftroying all as they went; and yet
would that have been tolerable, had not the
Wealth they found in thofe Parts invited them
to come ſo often, that the Harmuzians no lon-
ger able to bear that Oppreffion, refolv'd to
abandon thofe Lands, as they did. The Ifland
of Queixome, or Brot, lies near to the Conti-
nent of Perfia, divided from it by a narrow Arm
of the Sea, being about 25 Leagues in Length,
and two or three in Breadth. Thither Ayaz
order'd the Harmuzians to pass over, which
they readily obey'd, taking along with them all
they had fav'd from the Fury and Violence of the
Turks. When they were got over unto the
Ifland, after fome Days reft, Ayaz went out
again, and ranging about the Gulph of Ferfias
fought for fome convenient Ifland among thofe
there are in that Sea, where he might fettle
with his People. He came to one that was
Defart, two Leagues diftant from that of
Queixome, on a Point whereof was an old
Man,
C €
386
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Man, whofe Name was Gerun, with his Wife,
and liv'd there upon Fishing, furniſhing the
Ships that fail'd from India to Keys, or from
Keys to India, with what he caught; and they
giving him in return, Rice, Cloth, and other
Things, for Cloathing and Suftenance. This
Gerun underflanding to what End Ayaz was
looking for an Ifland, advis'd him to go over
thither, becauſe he would find no other fo
fit for his Turn. Ayaz having view'd it, he
refolv'd to beg it of the King of Keys, to
whom it belong'd, as did all the others in the
Gulph of Persia. Keys, fo call'd by the Arabs
and Perfians, and by the Portugueses, Quays,
is a ſmall Iſland, fcated in the midst of the
Gulph of Bazora, well wooded and water'd,
once the Head of a Kingdom, tho' now not
inhabited, fince the Trade is fallen off, for
fear of the Noutaquis and Nichelus, two forts
of Pyrates, continually infefting that Sea. It
formerly had all the Trade that has been fince
remov'd to Ormuz, having loft all by the Wars,
and ſcarce retain'd its Name. The Ifland of
Gerun was fubject to Neyn, then reigning in
Keys. Whilft Ayaz was there, there came
over a Mulah, or fort of Religious Man, call'd
Scheque Ifmael, born in a Village near the
City Lar in Perfia, who us'd every Year to
go all about thoſe Iſlands, a begging for him-
felf and for the Poor of his Village. Ayaz
difcours'd him, and finding he was fufficient-
ly qualify'd thought fit to employ him to
the King of Keys, to obtain of him that Ifland,
either given, or fold, that he might go over
to it with his People, promifing the Mulab a
confiderable Reward for his Pains. He under-
took it, and manag'd fo well, that the King
would have given him the Inland Gratis
which
The Hiftory of Perfia.
387
which he would not accept of, but that it
fhould be fold for a certain Sum of Money.
For this Service, it ever after remain'd an efta-
blish'd Cuſtom for the Kings of Harmuz every
Year to give the Defcendants of that Mulah
fome certain Acknowledgement, which I my
ſelf have ſometimes feen them come to de-
mand. Having obtain'd the Ifland of Gerun,
Ayaz and his People went over to Live there,
and remembring their Native Country, they
gave it the fame Name of Harmuz or Ormuz,
tho' the Perfians and Arabs generally call it
Gerun. However, the ancient Harmuz on the
Continent loft not its Name, but retains it to
this Day. Thoſe who Sail the Indian Seas
generally divide the Gulph of Perfia into two
Parts. The one they call the Gulph of Har-
muz, which commences at Guadel in Perfia,
and Cape Rozolgate in Arabia. The other is
the Gulph of Bazora, which is from Harmuz,
or Gerun, upwards, as far as the City of Ba-
zora, which is at the bottom of the Gulph,
where the two famous Rivers, Tygris and Eu-
phrates, being united, fall into the Sea. In
the midft between theſe two, tho' the Di-
ftance be not equal, for the firft is about One
hundred Leagues in Length, and the other
near Two hundred, lies this Ifland of Har-
muz, or Gerun, as a Boundary, being betwixt
Six and Seven Miles in Compals. It is Five
Miles from the nearest Part of Perfia, which
is Dozar, and Nine Leagues from the Coaft
of Arabia; this Side is not fo clean for great
Ships as the Perfian, but yet Navigable.
This fmall Ifland has fome Things very re-
markable, fome whereof I will briefly recount
for the Reader's Satisfaction. Formerly, this
Ifland Gerun was on Fire, which left it fo un-
couth,
Ccz
388
The Hiftory of Perfia.
couth, that it is amazing to thoſe that behold
it. In it is a high Mountain, that crofles it
from Sea to Sea, running Eaft and Weft.
From the Foot of it to the North Point,
where the City and Fort ftand, being about a
Mile, is a Plain fomewhat more Level than
the reft, but beyond the Mountain there is
nothing but horrid Hills, Clifts, and Rocks.
It yields abundance of very tranfparent Mine-
ral Salt, and extraordinary pure Sulphur; fome
Mines whereof were difcover'd whilst I was
there, and a confiderable Quantity taken out.
During the Winter Seafon, which fome Years
lafts long, the Water runs down from the
Mountain, and ſpreads over all the Plain about
the City, which afterwards in the Summer,
the Sun being there exceffive Hot, is naturally
converted into Salt. It is wonderful, that
this City, which is in Twenty feven Degrees
and a half of North Latitude, fhould in Sum-
mer be ſubject to fuch prodigious Heats, that
they are almoſt intolerable; and the extremity
is fuch, that it will ſcarce be believ'd but by
fuch as have had Experience of them. There
are in this land three over-flowing Springs,
gufhing from feveral Parts at the Foot of the
Mountain, which make three feveral Rivulets
of pure clear Water, but as Salt as that in the
Sea; and of this in the very Stream, the Sun
makes Salt, which grows fo hard, that I have
feveral times gone a Horfeback on it, without
breaking it, the Water running underneath.
Both the Mineral Salt, which is palpably found
to grow, and the other Sort, are very Medi-
cina', but only that which is made of the
Water by the Heat of the Sun is us'd for Sea-
foning of Meat; becauſe the Mineral is ſo ſharp,
that inftead of preferving Flefh, it corrodes and
Spoils
The Hiftory of Perſia.
389
fpoils it, or any other Thing it is us'd with.
However, fome Ships, and particularly thofe
that come from Cochin, take in their Ballaft of
it to carry to Bengale, where for want of other,
it is worth Money, for there is none made in
all thofe Parts, except in the island of Sundiva.
It is likely many Provinces in China fuffer the
fame want, the Salt there being the King's
chief Revenue, and therefore most of the Gam-
mons the Portuguefes carry thence into India
are falted or preferv'd with Allum. Leaving
the Salt, left we become infipid; the Ifland of
Gerum or Harmuz has two Bandels, or Bays,
one to the Eaft and the other to the Weft,
both of them fo form'd that they terminate.
together in a fandy Point, where is now the
Portuguefes Fort, (Note the Time when the
Author writ, as we have obferv'd elsewhere)
and it is one of the beft in the Eaftern Parts,
and of moſt Confequence. There formerly
liv'd the old Man Gerun, from whom the Ifland
had its Name. It has no freſh Water, but
what is gather'd from the Rain in Cisterns,
whereof there are many, and they are a great
Relief to the Poor People in Summer. Only
at Torunpuque, which is a Peice of white Salt
Clay Ground, at the end of the Ifland, there
is a little fresh Water, made ufe of to water
the King's, and the Wazir's, or Vizier's Or
chards, each of them having one there, which
produce whatſoever is planted in Perfe-
tion, contrary to all the rest of the Iſland,
where there is neither Tree nor Plant, unleſs
in the Plain fome prickly Shrubs bearing a Fruit
like Haws, green all the Year about, which
they call Conar, and fome few Mallows on the
Ground, in the Spring; alfo fome purging
Senna, which they call Senna Moki, that is
C c 3
Senna
390
The Hiftory of Perfia.
Senna of Moka. Of the falt Clay, they make
drinking Cups, and Pots to hold Water, which
when become freſh, keep the Water cool and
give it a curious Tafte. I remember, that
when I was at Harmuz, in the Year 1596,
Ferragut Scha, the King then reigning, who
was ancient enough, fell in Love with the
Wealth of one Bifatima, an old Woman,
Widow to one Rex Bradadin, his Subject,
who had been Wazir, or Vizier in the Coun-
try of Mogoftan, on the Continent of Perfia.
She was reported to be worth a vaft Sum of
Mony, whereupon he offer'd to take her to
Wife, but the to divert him from thoſe
Thoughts, anfwer'd, fhe would marry him
when he had made a new Garden, and found
another Spring at Turunpuque; looking upon
it as impracticable. However the old Man
incited by Avarice, loft no Time, but plant-
ed a better Orchard than the other he had
there before, and diſcover'd a good Stream of
fresh Water; and yet he got not the Money.
Near this Place of Torunpuque, among fome
Rocks, at a ſmall Diſtance from the Sea, gu-
thes out fome brackish Water, which the
Native Harmuzians call Abdormon, fignifying
medicinal Water, which drank has a pur-
ging Quality, carrying off all Foulnefs; and
abundance of People, at a certain time of the
Year, repair thither, and drink it as often as
they think convenient, and when they think
they are well cleans'd, to be fully convinc'd of
it, they eat a little Orange or Lemmon, and
if they immediately void the Seeds, or Kernels of
it downwards, they conclude they are fuffici-
ently purg'd, and then eat. The Island af-
fords much Game, as Gazelles, Creatures like
Wild-Goats, Adibes, which are a Sort of
Foxes,
The History of Perſia.
391
Foxes, Patridges, Turtle-Doves, and other
Sorts of Fowl, and it is wonderful, that the
Ifland affording no fresh Water, but what
has been mention'd, it is not yet known where
theſe Creatures drink. Some pretend that
being exceffive thirsty, they drink falt Water,
and others have invented no leſs unlikely Fables.
The City is not very large, tho' it once was,
but the beſt and nobleft Part of it was blown
up, to make a fpacious Place of Arms, be
fore the Fort. The Houſes are well built,
of a Stone, which is not very hard, found in
the Ifland, and of that taken out of the Sea,
as has been faid before, becauſe it is light,
and beſt to withstand the Earthquakes the
Ifland is fubject to; and with Mortar made of
a fine white Lime, whereof there is great
Plenty on the Continent, which they call
Gueche. There is another Red Sort in the
Ifland, but not fo good. They make ufe of
another Cement for Buildings, whofe Founda-
tions lye in the Water; or that are to ftand
against it, which being very strange to us, I
will give a fhort Account of. They call it
Charu, and it is made of the oldeſt rotten Dung
that can be found in the Dunghils, and ha-
ving taken off the fuperficial Part, they make
up the reft into round Cakes, which they dry
in the Sun, and when thoroughly dry they
make a Heap of them and fet Fire to it, let-
ting it burn for a certain Time, and what re-
mains is preferv'd. Then taking a Quantity
of it, they lay it on a Floor that is hard and
clean; and feven or eight Arabs, who make that
their Profeffion ftand about with each of them
a Staff, or Beater in his Hand, with which
they beat it, laying on all at once, one of
them at every Stroke, reckoning in a Tune-
Cc 4
able
392
The Hiftory of Perfia.
able Voice, from one to a certain Number,
all the others at every Blow anfwering in the
fame Tone. Thus they work it to a proper
Pitch, and then they use it immediately a-
bout the Structure; for if it grows cold, and
is kept 'till the next Day, it fpoils, and be-
comes unferviceable. This Cement has a
particular Virtue for withstanding of the Wa-
ter, and continues firm many Years under it.
Moft of the Harmuzians are fair and well fha-
ped; the Men polite and genteel, the Wo-
men beautiful. They all fpeak the Perfian
Tongue, tho' not in Perfection; and are all
Mabomentans; but fome are Schyays, who fol-
low Haly; other Sunneys, Followers of Maho-
net, and the King is of thefe. Befides them
there are many Portuguese Chriftians, Armeni-
ans, Georgians, Jacobies, and Neftorians; as
alfo Heathen Baneans of Bengala and Camba-
ya, and about 150 Families of Jews. And
tho' the Ifland of it felf yields nothing, it is
very plentifully ſupply'd from abroad, and all
Things are fold at moderate Rates and by
Weight. The Air and Climate is healthy,
and there is feldom any Diftemper in Summer;
for the terrible Heat confumes all peccant Hu-
mours with exceffive Sweat; but in Autumn
they pay for all Diſorderss committed in the
Summer. To conclude, Gerun is a free Mart
and Fair, for all the World, where there is
continually a Trade for all Commodities that
can be defir'd, convey'd thither from feveral
Parts, with a mighty Concourfe of Merchants
of feveral Nations, which I do not particula-
rize,that I may reture to my Account of the Foun
dation of New Hamus, which happen'd, as was
faid above, in the Year of the Hegira 700, and
of CHRIST 1301; taking its Name from
the
The Hiftory of Perfia.
393
the old Harmuz, which it ftill retains, and in
200 Years throve ſo faſt, as to extend its Do-
minion over the greateſt Part of Arabia, much
of Perfia, and all the Gulph, as far as Bazora.
So it continu'd 'till fubdu'd by the Portuguefes,
fince which Time it began to decline, by rea-
fon of the Oppreffion and Infolencies of the
Portugueſe Governours and Officers, they be-
ing remote from any that can curb them.
Ayaz Ceyfin reign'd ten Years in Harmuz or
Gerun, at the End whereof fome fay he dy'd,
in the Year of the Hegira 711, which was of
CHRIST 1312. Others fay, that in the fame
Year, having fettled the Affairs of that new
State, he refign'd the Crown to Amir Ayza-
din Gordon Scha, the Son of Saldor and of Biby
Zeyneb, Grandfon to the former Kings, and
he return'd to his Wazir, or Vizier/hip at Ca-
lagat in Arabia, where he fome Time after
dy'd in Peace. The Title of Bibi, which I
have fometimes mention'd, in the Persian
Tongue fignifies the fame as Lady, or Madam
among us.
Amir Ayzadin Gordon Scha,the fixteenth King
of the Number of the old, and fecond of the
New Harmuz, or Ormuz, as foon as he afcen-
ded the Throne, thought ofratifying the Peace
and Amity with Neim, the King of Keys, of
whom Ayaz had the lfland. To this End he
fent Embaffadors, but propos'd fuch Terms
and Conditions, that the King of Keys per-
ceiving he intended to alter the Pofture of
Affairs, refolv'd to prevent him. To this
End, he rais'd Forces to invade him, and for
the more Surety, made uſe of the Affiftance
of Malek Ayzadin, Governour of Schiras.
The principal Motive, among others, the
King of Keys alledg'd to juftifie his making
War
394
The Hiftory of Perfia.
War on Gordon Scha was, that he detain'd the
Ships at Harmuz, which were bound from
India to Keys, and by that Means wrong'd
him of his Duties and Cuſtoms. Being join'd
by the Governour of Schiras, with a good
Number of Men, they both made towards
Harmuz, whence Gordon Scha fet out with
his Army, and went out to meet them at Sir-
mion, a Village in the Ifland Brot or Queixome
defigning to cut off their Water. Whilft he
lay there, News was brought him, that ten
Sail bound from India for Keys, richly laden,
were paffing between Harmux and Larek, an
Ifland four Leagues to the Southward of Har-
muz, towards Arabia. He fet out with his
Fleet to meet them, and after an Engagement
took and carry'd them to Harmuz. About
this Time the Forces of Keys and Schiras
failing along in 120 Terrada's, which are ſmall
Veffels, all full of Men, and well provided,
were near Sirmion furpriz'd by a dreadful
Storm, which are fometimes very dangerous.
in that Gulph, and the whole Fleet hatter'd,
and the ten Ships that eſcap'd, put into the
little Ifland of Augem, which being very clofe
to that of Brot, they both together form a
ſpacious and ſafe Harbour. Here the King of
Keys was inform'd of Gordon Scha's having ta-
ken the Ships coming from India, and being
incens'd with this News, he landed his Men,
defigning, the next Night, to go over to Har-
muz. Gordan Scha having Intelligence of his
Deſign, difpos'd his Forces, being about 1 2000
Men, pofting above one Third of them on
the Shore, about one thouſand Paces from the
City, at a Place call'd Karú, proper for the
Enemy to land, who accordingly deſign'd it,
but were repuls'd, with the Lofs of many
Men
The Hiftory of Perfia.
395
*
Men and Ships, and putting off to Sea they
propos'd a Peace, which the Harmuzians
would not confent to; but on the contrary,
Gordon Scha, following the Advice of Sangor
Roknadin, his General, refolv'd to fall upon his
Enemies by Surprize, who hearing of it fled,
yet not fo timely, but that the Harmuzians
made much Slaughter among them. Thus
roughly handled, they return'd to Keys, whence
in the Year of the Hegira 714, which was
of CHRIST 1315, they return'd to invade
Harmuz with a greater Number of Men and
Ships, which befet the Iſland for the Space of
four Months ſo narrowly, that had not Gore
don Scha provided for it in time, he mutt have
been oblig❜d to furrender; but fo great a
Quantity of Proviſions had been brought into
the Ifland, that there was never any want,
nor did the Price rife. The King of Keys per-
ceiving how little he prevail'd, propos'd a
Peace again with a double Meaning, it was
hearken'd to, and the faid King and Gordon
Scha agreed to have a Conference on the
Shore, to which the King of Keys came in a
fmall Boat, and leaping a-fhore, he of Har-
muz went to embrace him, when the other
who was ftrong and able laid hold of and
forc'd him into the Boat, and thence into his
Ship, and immediately fet Sail with all his
Fleet, the Harmuzians being no way able to
obftruct him; and thus he carry'd him away
to Keys. Bibi Sultan, Wife to Gordon Scha,
feeing what had happen'd, order'd Malek
Guayaradin Dinar, Son to her Brother Schanxa,
to take upon him the Government.
Months after, the King of Keys return'd -
gain towards Harmus, bringing King Gorden
Scha Prifoner with him, in one of his Veffet.
Five
When
396
The Hiftory of Perfia:
When he was about half way, there arofe fo
violent a Tempeft, that the whole Fleet was
difpers'd into feveral Parts, and most of the
Ships caft away; that wherein Gordon Scha
was Prifoner being fav'd upon the Shore of
Harmuz, whither a Multitude of People re-
forting, they conducted them with much Joy
to the City. Malek Guayaradin Dinar, who
had taken upon him the State of a King, would
not fubmit to him; and therefore Gordon Scha
took up in the Houſe of one Konia Mamed
Kaleb, his Secretary; but not thinking him-
felf fafe there, he went over that very Night
to the Continent of Perfia, and ſtay'd in the
Fort of Minab, which fignifies Enamel. Di-
nar was apprehenfive of his Return, and per-
ceiving that all Men forfook him, and went
over to Gordon Scha, he left the Iland and
went away to the Lands of Makron, a King-
dom lying between Perfia and India; and Amir
Ayzadin Gordon Scha return'd to Harmuz,
where he made his Entry and was peaceably
receiv'd, and two Years after, being that of
the Hegira 717, and of CHRIST 1318, he
dy'd, leaving the Throne to his Son
Amir Mobarezadin Baharon Scha, who was the
Seventeenth King. The Garrifons in the Forts
on the Continent, at the fame time proclaim'd
his Brother Scha Kodbadin King, and as fuch
conducted him from the Fortress of Barka-
win, where he then was, to that of Minab.
Baharon Scha hearing of thefe Commotions,
made the neceffary Preparations, and fet out
in queft of, and found him with another of
his Brothers call'd Malek Nazomadin, both
whom he defeated, and return'd victorious to
Harmuz: His Commanders in Chief were
Mir Schabadin Ijuf, and Mir Taiadin Zanguy-
Amir
The Hiftory of Perfia.
397
Amir, the one by Sea and the other by Land.
Theſe two fell at Variance about theit Prince's
Favour, difturbing the Country, whereupon
the King feiz'd them both. At this Time the
King of Keys again invaded Harmuz; but with-
out any better Success than before, and re-
turn'd home diffatisfy'd. Upon this Occafion,
the Ring of Harmuz had releas'd thoſe two
Commanders out of Priſon, and Mir Schaba-
din Iffuff, thinking himſelf wrong'd, medita-
ted Revenge. The King was defirous to put
an End to the Troubles rais'd by his Brothers,
who ftill molefted him; to this Purpoſe he
embark'd with fome Forces, to paſs over to
the Continent, and being hinder'd by contra-
ry Winds, went back to lye in his own Houſe
that Night. In the Dead of it Mir Schabadin
luf, with fome Horfe and Foot, came to
the Palace Gate, calling out for him to come
out, becauſe Bibi Sultan Salgor was landed on.
the Ifland, with an arm'd Force. The King
came out upon this Uproar, believing what
he heard had been true, and was follow'd by
his Mother and his Brother Nazomadin Agen
Scha, who had been reconcil'd to him. Mir
Schabadin Iffuf fecur'd them all, and took up-
on him the Title of King, in the Year of the
Hegira 718, and of CHRIST 1319.
Hereupon the Harmuzians were divided,
one Part following Mir Schababin Iſſuf, and
the other Mir Kodbadin, Brother to the Pri-
foner King, who had defeated him, as was faid,
on the Continent. Malek Dinor, who we faid
had fled towards Makron, return'd thence to-
wards Harmuz, with a good Body of Men,
giving out that he came to affift Mir Scha
Kodbadin; but when he came to the Ifland,
perceiving that Mir Schabadin Iffuf's Party
Iſſuf's
prevail'd,
398
The Hiftory of Perfia.
prevail'd, he made Friends with him. Bibi
Sultan, Sifter to Dinor, and Bibi Nazmalek,
Wife to Mir Schabadin Iffuf, undertook to re-
concile theſe Differences; but Schabadin, to
fecure himſelf, cut off the Heads of the Pri-
foner King, his Mother, and Brother: Scha
Kodbadin went over to Kalayat, with Bibi
Marian, Wife to Agaz Ceyfin. Schabadin Iffuf
being now inform d, that the Forces of Keys
were failing towards him, went out to meet
them; but when out, return'd home in a
Fright. Neither did the People of Keys make
any more of it this Time than they had done
before. A Year after, Scha Kodbadin came from
Kalayat, with Malek Gelaladin Queyzy and
Koaja famaladin Neym, and falling on Harmuz
unexpected, took it, and fecur'd Mir Schabadin
Illuf.
Mir Scha Kodbadin, the Son of Gordon Scha,
having made himſelf Maſter of the lfland and
Kingdom of Harmuz, immediately put to Death
Mir Schabadin Iffuf. his Wife Bibi Nazmalek,
and his two Sons Miir Emadadin Ozen and
Amir Acen, who had been Prifoners in the
Fortress of Gat. Not long after, Malek Ge-
ladadin Queyzy and Kouaj Gemaladin Neym,
who had reftor'd Scha Kodbadin to the Throne,
defign'd to kill him, and fecure to themſelves
the Throne; Kodbadin being inform'd of it,
would have feiz'd them, but they fled.
Ge-
maladin Neym was drown'd, croffing the Sea,
the other with a few Followers retir'd to Keys.
After this, Kodbadin and his Kingdom enjoy'd
Peace for Ten Years. Malek Guayazadin had
fucceeded on the Throne of Keys, upon the
Death of the former King. This Man, whilft
Kodbadin was in Mogaftam, that is, the Con-
tinent of Perfia, paffing the Summer Heats,
which
The Hiftory of Perfia.
399
which are infupportable at Harmuz, invaded
the Iſland with a good Navy, and had made.
himſelf Mafter of it had it not been defend-
ed by Mahamed Sorkab and Ebrahem Salgor,
two of Kodbadin's Porters, to whom he had
committed the Guard of it, and who ob-
lig'd the Enemy to retire against their Will.
Scha Kodbadin being inform'd of it, went over
to che lfland, and fitted out a Fleet with great
Expedition, wherewith he fail'd for Keys, af
faulted it, and made himſelf Mafter of the
Ifland, killing many of the People, and taking
King Malek Guayazadin and fome of his Re-
lations, whom he afterwards put to Death.
Then leaving a good Garrifon at Keys, he re-
turn'd towards Harmuz, by the way fubduing
the Iſland of Barben, much talk'd of throughout
the World, as well for the precious Pearls found
in its Sea, as for the never failing Springs of
fresh Water that rife under it; of both which,
fince we are come to the faid Ifland, it will be
proper to give a fhort Account.
The Ifland of Barben, or Babarem, lies in Baharen
the Gulph of Bazora, between that City and Iſland de-
the Ifland of Gerun or Harmuz, 100 Leagues
fcrib'd.
diſtant from each of them, and but little re-
mov'd from the Coast of Arabia, oppofite to
the Port of Katifa, which is in the Govern-
ment of Lacok, one of thoſe the Turk is pof-
fefs'd of in thofe Parts. It is inhabited by
Arabs, only the Garrison and Wazir, or Go-
vernor, being Perfians, having belong'd to the
Kingdom of Harmuz, but ever fince the Year
1602 poffefs'd by the King of Perfia.
The
Land is pleaſant, and abounds in Fruit, efpe-
cially Dates, whereof it produces great Quan-
tities, but little Wheat, and fome Barley.
Rue, which is the most common Food, next
to
400
The Hiftory of Perfia.
to Dates, is carried thither from Harmuz, of
what that Place receives from India. It has
feveral Waters, rather brackish than freſh,
the best whereof is that of Nanyah, being a
Fresh
Parcel of extraordinary deep Wells in the midſt
Springs un- of the Ifland.
The next is that which they
der the Sea. také under the Sea, after this manner. Ma
nama, a Town feated on the Sea Coaft, is the
chiefeft in the Ifland. In the Sea before this
Place, at about three Fathom or three Fathom
and a half Depth, there gush out certain Springs
pure fresh Water, free from any ill Qua
lity. There are Men, who live by bringing
it up in Skins, with much dexterity and eaſe,
Diving down, and fell it very cheap. Having
enquir'd into the Reaſon of it, fome of the
oldeft Mahometans in the Ifland, with whom I
difcours'd about it, told me, That thofe Springs,
in former Times, were upon the Land, remote
from the Sea, which having broke in, had
overwhelm'd them, as they now are; and
hence I have Reaſon to believe the Ifland had
the Name of Barben, which in Arabick figni-
fies two Seas, from Bar, which is, the Sea,
and Hen, two; as it were to expreſs, a freſh
and a falt one; tho' it might alſo be taken
from two confiderable Streams which crofs the
Iſland; but the firſt ſeems to be the better.
The Island of Barben is famous for the many
and precious Pearls taken up in the neighbour-
ing Seas, which I will briefly fpeak of, becaufe
fo univerfally known. There are two con-
derable Pearl Fisheries in the Eaft; the one
in the Persian Gulph, which is this of Barben;
and the other at Manar in India, in the Chan-
nel that runs between the Ifland of Ceylon, and
the Continent we call Tuto Kory, or more pro-
perly Tutan Kory, which is Cape Cory, fo call'd
by
The Hiftory of Perſia.
401
by the Natives, and by the Portugueſes,_Co-
mory, on the Coaſt of Coromandel, or Coro Ban-
del, fignifying, the Port of Rice, becauſe of the
great Quantities fhipp'd off there for other
Ports. The Pearl Fishery at Barben begins Pearl Fish-
fome Years in June, but generally in July, and ery in Bar
lafts all that Month and Auguft. There joyn to- hen,
gether about 200 Terradas, or Veffels of theirs,
100 of Barben, fo of Julful, and 50 of Nikbelu.
They generally go a Fishing to Kator, a Port
on the Coaft of Arabia, 10 Leagues to the
Southward of the Island Barben. As ſoon an
Oyſter is brought up, they open it, and take
out the Pearl. The Pearls of this Sea furpafs
all others in Goodness and Weight, I fay in
Weight, becauſe two Pearls, one of this Place
and one of another, being weigh'd, tho' equal
in Size and Shape, that of Barben will always
be found heaviest. The Pearls publickly
fold in this land every Year amount
500000 Ducats, befides the Value of 100000
more fmother'd for fear of the Wazir, or Go-
vernor's Extortions. The Trade of this Ifland
was worth to the Portugueſe Governor of Har-
muz above 4000 Ducats a Year, befides his own
Dealings. In Selling and Buying, the Term of
Dealing is by Querates, which we call Caracts,
and by Abas, three of which make a Caract;
as alfo by Meticales, each of them being 24
Caracts; and by this they fell the Seed Pearl,
after the Rate of 20, 30, 40, &c. to a Metica
The Barbenians filh with a Stone, which car-
ries them down from 12 to 15 Fathom in Depth.
Befides this general Fishery at Karar, at the
Time above mention'd, there are others of leſs
Note in September, at Nikhelu, Barben, and
Julfar as alfo at Mafcate, Teue, and Rozal-
gate, all within the Gulph of Harmus; but
Dd
theſe
to
The Hiftory of Perfia.
theſe laſt are of little Value, tho' fometimes
confiderable enough for the Undertakers.
The Pearl Fishery at Chilao, fo they call the
fecond I nam'd at first, becauſe f rmerly per-
form'd in a Port of that Name, in the Ifland
of Ceylon, which was fo call'd for this Reaſon,
becaufe Chilao, in the Chingala Language,
which is that of the faid Ifland, fignifies,
Fiſhery. This falls out in April and the be-
ginning of May, a Month or two before that
of Barben, being the time when the Sun firſt
begins to draw near to the Equinoctial, and
confequently the Summer begins there fooner,
and the Sea is then calmer. Between 4 and
500 Veffels meet, each of them carrying
from 60 to 90 Men; one third of them are
Fiſhers, whom they call Harvas, that is, Di-
vers; the others they call Mandecas, that is,
Helpers, two for each Diver. The Veffels are
all diftributed to certain Parts, call'd Peitacas,
where every Diver lays the Oyfters he fetches
up apart; the Oyfters they call Chipo, which
are not to be open'd till a Day appointed by
thoſe who Govern there, which is after the
Days of the Fishery, being generally two Ba
lyos, and every Balyo is 8 Days. They every
Day compute how much has been taken at 100,
or 200, or 1000 Chipos, or Oyſters for every
Veffel, to know when they have done enough,
becauſe they will not far exceed the ufual Pro-
portion, to keep up the Value of Pearl; and
when two Balyos do not fuffice, they allow
one, or a half more. The Fiſhers or Divers
have Wages, befides that all they take is their
own, bating that every Day they give the
Owner of the Veffel one Draught, which is
to be at the faid Owner's Choice, and at the
End of the Week they all give him a whole
Day.
་
The History of Perfia.
403
Day. The Nayque of Madureb, who is Lord
of the Country they inhabit, has one Day of
the whole Fishery. They alfo us'd to give ano-
ther Day, for Pin-Money, to the Portugueſe
Governor of Manar's Wife, he having the Com-
mand of that Sea, but this was taken away by
the Jefuits who govern'd all there. They
Fish from fix to eight Fathom deep, Diving
with a Stone. Two Portugueſe Galliots us'd
to guard this Fishery, becaufe fome Malabar
Veffels had fome times difturb'd the Fishers.
The People that refort thither, which among
Merchants, Servants, Officers and Fishers, may
amount to between fifty and fixty thoufand
Men, form a Camp, which is pitch'd where
the Fishery is carry'd on; for that is not al-
ways in the fame Place, but fometimes in one
and fometimes in another. What is taken e-
very Year amounts to above a Million and a
half of Gold. When the Fishery is over, Pro-
clamation is made to open the Chipo
or
Oyfters, which being done, and the Fish
thrown away and the Pearl fav'd, they go o-
ver to Tutan Cory, where the Fair is kept, be
ginning about the middle of June, and lafting
July, Auguft and September, and fometimes all
October. The Pearl is bought and fold in the
Patare, which is like a Cuftome-houſe, by
Brokers appointed by the Nayque, who has
four per Cent. of all that is bought there of the
Seller; for the Buyer is free; and he has 48
Hours after the Purchaſe, to return the Goods,
if they do not pleafe him; all which is per-
form'd with much Eafe and Integrity. The
conceal'd Pearl that is privately fold out of the
Patare is confiderable, and free from Dury, or
the Liberty of Return. The Method and Weight
is by Chegos, very eafy, but ingenious and tharp.
Ddz
There
404
The Hiftory of Perfia.
There is fome Pearl in China, but not fine, be
ing only rough and miſhapen, which fome Por-
tugueſes have got Eftates by. So much has been
writ concerning Pearl, that there remains little
to add to it. However, with Submiffion to
thoſe who have treated of it, I cannot but fay,
it ſeems to me very unreaſonable to believe and
affert, that the Pearl is form'd of Dew, becauſe
there are very many Objections against it; as
the Oyfter it ſelf, which being weighty and void
of ali Motion, cannot rife above the Water to
receive the ſaid Dew; much less can it receive
any pure at the Bottom, fince it muſt paſs
through fo much Salt Water. Befides, Expe-
rience teaches us, that the Oyfters which are
taken out of the deepeſt Water have generally
the moſt and the greateſt Pearls, and thoſe in
the fhalloweft the leaft and fmalleft, which
would not be fo, were they form'd of the Dew;
for then thofe neareft the Superfices would re-
ceive moft and the pureft of it, and the Sun
would have the greater effect on them; for his
Power, as an Agent, would be more effectual
on what was nearer than what was remoter,
whereas we find the contrary. My Opinion
is confirm'd by what I have often ſeen and try'd
by my felf, and in the Company of Chriftians,
Mahometans and Heathens, all of them very
knowing in what relates to Pearls, having ta-
ken from the Oyfier Shells, with Inftruments
made for that purpoſe, Pearls growing from
thofe very Shells, which either for want of Time,
or the Difpofition of the Matter, or of Nature,
or for fome other Caule, were not arriv'd to
Perfection, but were ftill incorporated in the
faid Shell, of whoſe Subſtance they were form'd;
and when taken out, polifh'd and wrought,
they appear'd as if they had been produc'd per-
feet
The Hiftory of Perfia.
405
fect by Nature, and fold at very high Rates.
This makes me certainly conclude, that they
proceed and are form'd from the very Subftance
of the Shell, and not from any outward Thing,
this being very probable, whereas the other
Opinion is liable to many Contradictions. This
is much confirm'd by the likeness there is in
Subftance and Colour between the Pearl and
the Oyfter Shell. Befides, it has been obferv'd,
and is moft certain, that the Flesh of all the
Oysters which have Pearl is bruis d and crush'd,
as it might be where there are any greater or
leffer Excrefcencies in the Shell, whereas thofe
which have no Pearl are found and entire, as
thofe may be which have it, but extremely
fmall, which is no fmall Argument to back my
Opinion, yet I fubmit it to able Judgments.
However, I cannot but admire at thofe Phyfi-
cians, who to this Day, in their Recipes, order
Pearls that are drill'd, or not drill'd, making
much Account of that Difference, whofe Mi-
ftake is unpardonable, fince they cannot be ex-
cus'd by Ignorance, which cannot be in this
Cafe, or by Cuftom, which is not allowable;
fince it is well known that all Pearls are alike
for the uſe of Phyfick, whether whole, or
drill'd by Art, for none have Holes naturally.
Let us now go on with Scha Kodbadin,
who having, as we faid above, poffefs'd himfelf
of Barben, took alfo Katifa, Karga, and Derab,
and fubdu'd all the Coafts of Perſia and Arabia,
whence he receiv'd a confiderable Yearly In-
come. Scha Kodbadin had a Brother, call'd
Nazomadin, whom he lov'd and honour'd in a
great Degree, and he in Return contriv'd to
Murder him. Kodbadin went over to the Con-
tinent to Hunt, and being at that Sport at Rud-
xur, Nazomadin and all his Confederates pre-
Dd 3
tending
406
The History of Perſia.
tending to follow a Hare towards Moridon, got
themſelves far from the King, and came to the
Shore of the Dozar, a Rivulet on the Continent
of Perfia, oppofite to Gerun or Harmuz, 5 Miles
diftant from it,and embarking there, with others
that lay ready for him on Tarranques, a fort of
fmall Veffels, went over to the Ifland, which
being deftitute of the Prime Men, who were
gone over with the King, was cafily fubdu'd;
and as ſoon as poffefs'd of it, he ftil'd himſelf
King. Scha Kodbadin being inform'd which
way his Brother was gone, purfu'd him full
Speed; but when he came to the Side of the
River Dozar, his Brother was landed on the
Iſland; ſo that being unable, at that time to
proceed any farther, he ftaid on the Continent,
and withdrew to Kolongo, whence he fent Ex-
preffes to all his Dominions, demanding Men
and other Affiftance to reduce his Brother. This
happen'd in the Year of the Hegira 745, of
CHRIST 1345.
Malek Nazomadin having poffefs'd himſelf of
the Iſland of Harmuz, and ftil'd himſelf King,
fent immediately Advice thereof to all the Do-
minions of that Crown, requiring the Wazirs,
or Governors to own and fubmit to him, and
promifing great Rewards to fuch as comply'd.
However, none anfwer'd his Expectation, ex-
cept fome Towns of Kirakiſtan, and thefe as
foon as the Summer came on, fent to ask fome
Forces of him,to defend their Palm-Tree Groves
againſt the Troops of Kodbadin, which infefted
them, fo that they could not gather their Dates,
which are the main Support of all thoſe Lands;
giving him to understand, that if he delay'd,
they should be oblig'd to submit themſelves to
Kodbadin. Nazomadin, confidering the Condi-
tion of thofe People, refolv'd to go over to the
Con
The History of Perfia.
Continent; but first he founded the Intentions.
of the Wazirs and Prime Men about Kobdadin ;
however, all his Practices had no Effect on any
of them, except one Homer Soiadin, who was
Kodbadin's Chief Porter, and a Colonel in his
Army. Nazomadin having gain'd this Man,
went over into Perfiz, and advanc'd towards
Kolongon Kodbadin advanc'd to meet him, they
ingag'd, and in the Heat of the Action, Homer
Soiadin went over to Nazmadin with moſt and
the best of the Army. Scha Kedbadin perceiv
ing it, immediately retir'd towards Jazquez, a
Town on the Coalt of Perfia, 40 Leagues from
that where he loft the Battle, and croffing the
Gulph, went over into Arabia, and landed at
Kalayate, where he continu'd a Year; and by
his Prefence, that Port throve amain, the Ships
bound from India to Harmuz ftopping there.
Here he receiv'd Advice, that Nazomadin was
dead, and had ordain'd in his Will, that the
eldeſt of his two Sons, Schambe and Schadi,ſhould
immediately go over to Kalayate, and kiffing
Scha Koabadin's Foot, refign the Kingdom
into his Hands, becauſe it was his Due; but
the young Man did quite contrary. Kodbadin
being inform'd of his Brother Nazomadin's
Death, feem'd to be much concern'd, and per-
form'd his Obfequies, after their Manner, with
extraordinary Pomp, putting himſelf and all his
Followers into Mourning, and writ very loving
and confolatory Letters to his Nephews, offe-
ring to look upon them as his own Sons. They
little regarding him, behav'd themſelves after
fuch a Manner in the Government, that the
whole Kingdom was fcandaliz'd at their Follics
and Cruelties. Kodbadin hearing of the Dif
orders of his Nephews, prepar'd to invade them,
and as he was failing over to Faquin, a Towi
Dd 4.
in.
408
The Hiftory of Perfia.
in Perfia, inhabited by Arabs, as many others
there are, there met him a great Number of.
Terradas or Veffels fent by his Nephews in war-
like Manner; he ingag'd and defeated them,
deftroying abundance of the Men. Having
obrain'd this Victory, he held on his Voyage to
Coftab, whence came out to meet him, one
Amir Aieb Schamzadin, a Commander of his,
who brought a good Number of Men to ſerve
him from old Harmuz. Sailing thence, he
made for Gerun, or Harmuz, and came to an
Anchor at Karu, on the Coaſt of that Ifland,
where he landed, and poffefs'd himſelf of it.
His Nephews perceiving they were undone,
and could neither defend themſelves, nor fly,
deliver'd themſelves up to their Uncle, fome
Perfons of Note interpofing, and contenting
themſelves with fome modcrate Allowance for
their Support. The King condefcended, and
gave them the Ifland of Barben to live in, with
their Followers. Kodbadin's Return confide-
rably advanc'd the Affairs of Gerun, or Harmuz,
which had fuffer'd very much under the o-
vernment of the two Brothers. Peace enfu'd,
Juftice was. adminifter'd, the Price of Provi-
fions fell, which till then had been very high;
and those who had fled, or been banifh'd by
the Ufurpers, were reftor'd to their Houfes and
Eftates. The two Brothers Schambe and Scha-
dy were gone to Barben, where, being of a
reftless Nature, they began to raife Men, and
gather Veffels, in order to invade Ormuz. King
Kodbadin being inform'd of it imbark'd to op-
pofe them, with the greateſt Forcehe could
make. Being come to Keys, where Hady then
was, he landed his Men; but meeting with
much Oppofition, he proceeded flowly. Thofe
in the Ifland were very much freightned, and
the
The Hiftory of Perfia.
409
4
the King's Men incens'd that they held out fo
long; and being willing to put an End to that
Enterprize, fome of them, without Orders,
provok'd Schady to engage, which he did not
refufe, as having the Advantage, and accord-
ingly obtain'd the Victory, killing many of the
Har nuzians, the King, with fuch as efcap'd,
retiring to the Sea, whence he immediately
made away for Harmuz, and having there re-
cruited his Forces, return'd to Keys. "Schady, not
thinking himſelf fafe there, abandon'd the Ifland,
and went away to that of Barben, where his
Brother was. The King coming to Keys found
no Refiſtance, and having given the Plunder
of it to his Soldiers, and left a good Garrifon
there, return'd to Gerun or Harmuz, intending
to fet out again to reduce his Nephews that
were at Barben. They, as foon as he was gone,
gather'd all the Force they could, and went
over to Keys, in Hopes to recover it; but when
they were half way, moft of their Commanders
and Soldiers deferted them, and went over to the
King. Among the reft were Schamcadin Mamud,
Kamaladin Ifmael, and Naceradin Mocelek, all
Men of the firſt Rank and Quality. They paffing
by Keys, gave Notice to Mir Tagah, who go-
vern'd the Ifland for King Scha Kodbadin, of the
coming of the two Brothers Schady and Schambe,
that he might be prepar'd to receive them.
Then call'd at Lapht, a Port in the Iſland
Brot or Queixome, where Sabekadin was in
Garrison; they took him with them to Har-
muz, left being fuddenly attack'd by the
two Brothers he fhould come to fome Mif-
fortune, having but a fmail Force with him.
Schambe, and Schady were not mov'd by the
Deſertion of their Officers and Soldiers to de-
fift from their Enterprize; but paffing by Keys,
w here
$
410
The Hiftory of Perfia.
where they were not admitted, arriv'd at Bro.
The King having been timely advertis'd of
their coming, had fent his Forces to Brot, which
took up their Quarters at Dargahon, a Town
near Lapht. There they had Intelligence of
the Arrival of the Enemy, and being refolv'd
to attack them, immediately went to Arms,
and having waited for them all the Night, at
length engag'd them at Break of Day. The
King's Party gallantly oppos'd and repuls'd them
both by Sea and Land, fo that they return'd
to Barben, with confiderable Lofs. The two
Brothers being come to their Ifland, fell at
Variance among themſelves, each charging the
other with the late Difappointment, and the
Difference ran fo high, that Schady imprifon'd
Schambe, and would have put him to Death,
but was hinder'd by his Mother, who recon-
cild them, and caus'd Schambe to be fet at
Liberty. He being again loofe, departed Bars
ben, went over into Perfia, and fettled near Schi-
raz in a Village call'd Fal, whence the Reizes,
Sharafes, Noradins, and Bradadins, Wazirs and
Governours of the Kingdom of Harmuz, draw
their Original. The Governour of Schiras be
ing inform'd of Schambe's Refidence at Fal,
and who he was, fent for him, and ſhow'd
him much Honour and Favour; on Account
of the Friendship that had been between his
Father and Anceſtors, and himſelf and his Pro-
genitors. This was the Pofture of Affairs at
Harmuz, when the Summer came on, which
Scha Kodbaden refolv'd to spend at Nakeftam,
a Place in Mogoftam, on the Continent of Per-
fia, which is pleaſant and abounds in Water
and Fruit, both of them wanting at Harmuz,
He went over thither with his Followers, and
foon
The Hiftory of Perfia.
417
foon after fell fick and dy'd, in the Year of
the Hegira 447, of CHRIST 1347.
Turon Scha, Son to Scha Kodbadin, fucceed-
ed his Father in the Throne of Harmuz, and
was the Man, who writ the Lives and Acti-
ons of the Kings his Predeceffors, in the Perfian
Tongue, in Profe and Rhime, not ſo briefly as I
do,but in a large Volume, whence I have collect-
ed this fhort Account. He was a good King,
lov'd and honour'd by his People. As foon as
feated on the Throne he fent one Mamud Homer,
a Man of Valour and Experience, to govern
the Ifland of Keys; and tho' Schady, who was at
Barben, knew him to be a good Commander,
yet he did not defift from his Defign of in-
vading Keys. Being come thither, after feve-
ral Rencounters, and little done in them, he
had ſome underhand Practices with a Kinſman
of Mamud Homer, with whom he concerted
to deliver him up, on the firft Opportunity.
Having form'd this Confpiracy, Schady pre-
tended to come to fome Accommodation; and
to that end demanded a Conference with Ma-
mud Homer, who confented to it more readi-
ly than he ought to have done. They had an
Interview, Schady who had a Defign in his
Head, continu'd to draw him at fome diſtance
from his Mer, and then furprizing him before
he could defend himself, put out his Eyes, or
at leaft blinded him; a Practice long before
and fince practis'd by the Kings of Perfia and
Harmuz to fecure themſelves againſt thoſe they
might have cauſe to ftand in Fear of, who
were generally their own Kindred. There are
ftill at Harmuz on a Hill, near the Hermitage.
of St. Lucy, a little above a Mile from the Ci-
ty, the Ruins of certain Towers, where the
Kings kept their Kindred, who had been blind-
ed
#12
The Hiftory of Perfia.
ed on this Account. The Manner of blinding
them was this, they took a Copper Bafon, and
making it violent hot at the Fire, pafs'd it
along three or four, or more times clofe be-
fore the Eyes of the Perfon that was to be
blinded, and thus they loft their Sight, with-
out any other Harm, the Optick Nerves being
quite spoilt by the Heat, and the Eyes as
fair and clear to look at as before. Mamud
Homer being blinded, Schady remain'd poffefs'd
of the Iſland of Keys. The News of it being
brought to Turon Scha, he preſently ſent out
in Queft of Kady, who had Notice fo late,
that tho' he would have fled and left the Ifland
he could not, for Turon Scha befet him closely
by Sea. It was then Winter, and tho' the
Sea was cloſely obferv'd by the King's People,
yet it being extreamly dark, Schady at length
hip'd off in a Tarranquin, or ſmall Veffel, and
made to Lapht, a Port in the Ifland of Queix-
onie. The King being inform'd of it, imme-
diately purfu'd him, and caft Anchor at Dar-
gabon, a Town near to Lapht, in the fame
Ifland; they who were with Schady hearing of
it, left him alone and fled to the King. Scha-
dy finding himſelf forfaken, got ſpeedily into
his Tarranquin, and fail'd towards Barben, with
fuch Expedition, that tho' the King fent the
first Moment to fieze him, he was gone. Being
come to Barben, Schady dy'd for mcer Vexation,
leaving a Son very young, on whom King Turon
Seba beſtow'd his Father's Place. But Scham-
be, Brother to the late Schady, who we faid
was fled to Schyras, hearing of his Brother's
Death, hafted to Barben, where finding a fit.
Dipolition of Affairs, he took bloody Revenge
of hole, who in the late Troubles between
his Brother Schady and himself, had efpous'd
the
The Hiftory of Perfia.
413
the other Side, killing many of them, without
ſparing the Infant, Son to his Brother; and
many for Fear fled out of the Iſland. One
Mir Ageb, a prime Man, refenting ſo much
Tyranny and Infolence, with the Affiftance of
his Kindred and others that would follow him,
affaulted Schambe's Houfe, and plundering it,
kill'd him. Schambe had impriſon'd one Aly
Mahamed Palaon, a Commander of Note, who
was immediately fet at Liberty. Mir Ageb
thought, with his Afliftance, to have ufurp'd
the Sovereignty of the Ifland; and he not on-
ly confented, but taking along with him ano-
ther Arabian Commander, of the Tribe, or
Hord of Ben Ifafah, call'd Scheque Hamed Rax-
et, went over to the Fortress of Katifa, on
the Continent of Arabia, where Scheque Ma-
yed was Governour, of whom Palaon demand-
ed fome Forces, to oppofe Mir Ageb. The
Governour ſuſpecting that these two intended
to ufurp the Iſland of Barben, did not only re-
fuſe what they ask'd, but fecur'd them, and
ſent them over, in the Cuftody of an Officer
call'd Aly Maxady, to Harmuz, to Turon Scha;
who hearing what had happen'd, embark'd for
Barben and took them along with him. Being
come to the Iſland, Mir Ageb demanded of him
the Sovereignty of the Iſland, in Return for the
Service he pretended to have done him in kill-
ing of Schambe, which the King refus'd and
refolv'd to punish him. Ageb being inform'd
of it, departed Manania, the principal Port in
the Iſland, and retir'd to Thiar, another on the
Back of it, where being found by the King's
Party, he was brought before him, and had
his Head ftruck off; and finding the two Pri-
ſoners had not ſerv'd againſt him, he gave them
their
414
The History of Perfia.
i
their Liberty and Preferment. Having fettled the
Affairs of Barben, Turon Scha had a Mind to fee
Katifa, which is feated on the Coaft of the Con-
tinent of Arabia, oppofite to the Ifland, and only
parted from it by a narrow Arm of the Sea, He
went over with his Forces, and was well receiv'd
and entertain'd by Scheque Maged, and having
diverted himſelf there fome Days, return'd to
Barben, and thence to Gerun or Harmuz. Thus
far is taken from the Hiftory of this Turon Scha.
He ſpent the reft of his Life in Peace, and when
he had govern'd 30 Years dy'd, in the Year of the
Hegira 779, of CHRIST 1378.
Turon Scha's Sons fucceeded him in the King
dom of Harmuz after this Manner. Maffud the
eldeft, who enjoy'd it peaceably during his Life.
Schabadin, the Second, in whofe Time tho'
there were fome Commotions, they were not
confiderable, but eafily quell'd.
Salgor Scha was the third, in whofe Daysthere
ſtarted up in Perfia, Suphy Khalila, mention'd by
us in the Account of the Kings of Perfia, and
poffefs'd himſelf of that whole Kingdom, to the
very Coaſt, oppofite to Gerun or Harmuz; whi-
ther he would fain have pafs'd over, but could
not, for want of Shipping; and it is faid, that for
meer Vexation he defign'd to have level'd Moun-
tains to fill up the Sea. It is reported, that
Salgor, being inform'd of Khalila's Concern and
Trouble, went about the Iſland and City, fing-
ing in the Streets fome Perfian Verſes in this Ef
fect, Dele Durzman bara man Kabab haft, Ke
aguerd Aguerd Man darial baft, the Meaning
whereof is, My Enemy's Heart burns, becauſe
he fees I am encompafs'd by the Seas. At laft
Khalila went away, without taking from him any
thing but what he had on the Continent, where
the Kings of Harmuz did and do ftill poffefs,
tho'
The Hiftory of Perfia.
415
tho' not fo abfolutely as before, feventy Leages
along the Coaſt of the Gulph of Perfia, and
28 up the Land, wherein are comprehended
the Amedizes and Gaules, fierce and warlike
Nations. I know not whether the Fiction of
Amadis de Gaul was not deriv'd from hence.
The Kings of Harmuz enjoy theſe Lands, pay-
ing thoſe of Perſia a certain Acknowledgment,
which they call Mokararias, that he may not
ravage them, as he does fometimes, when the
Tribute is held back. It is to be obferv'd that
this Sophy Khalila, here ſpoken of, liv'd long
before Ifmael Sophy, who reign'd in Perfia,
when the Portuguefes went to Harmuz. Salgor
had no other remarkable War befides this, but
fpent his Days in Peace.
Schawes fucceeded in the Throne, upon the
Death of Salgor; under whom that Kingdom
throve confiderably, as enjoying Peace, no
Disturbance hapning during his Reign. Scha-
mes dying,
Seyfadin inherited the Crown of Harmuz,
and was poffefs'd of it, when the Portugueſes,
under the Command of Alfonfo de Albuquerque,
in the Year of our Lord 1507, poffets'd them-
ſelves of that Kingdom, ftill allowing the Na-
tive Kings to Reign from Father to Son, as
they did before; with this difference, that
what before they held independent of any
Man, they now enjoy by Grant of the King,
who bestows on them the Inheritance of the
Crown, and they have only the Government
of their Mahometan Subjects, and even that
with fome Reſtriction. The King may not
go out of the Ifland without the Portuguese Go-
vernor's Leave, who for fome Time us'd to
grant it, but afterwards would not. They
carry'd themſelves in princely Manner, and
had
41
The Hiftory of Perfia?
had confiderable Customs, the beſt Part where
of the Portuguese Governours diverted to their
own Ufe. I proceed no farther in the Affairs
of this Kindom after this Time, becauſe they
are treated of at large in the Commentaries of
Alfonfo de Albuquerque, and the Second De-
cade of Ioan de Bayrros. If any curious Perſon
hapning to be in the Eaftern Parts, fhall have
a Mind to enquire after the Actions of Alfonfo
de Albuquerque, which are t.uly worthy of
perpeu | Fame, k him ask the Mabometans
for Malandy or they know him by no other
Name, and that is it they give him, when
they mention his Actions. I was fome time
puzzled about the Reaion and Occafion of that
Nams, 'till I was inform'd, that they call him
fo, because he came from the Parts about Me-
linde, which they call Maland, and Malandy is
aMan, or other thing that comes from thence;
the Reader is defir'd to be fatisfy'd with thus
much, and to pardon all Faults.
Here Teixeira ends his Hiftory of the Kings
of Ormuz, and indeed they had nothing left
under the Portugueſe Government but the bare
Title and fome fmall Revenue, being Prifon-
ers confin'd to that Place, and for the moft
Part bafely treated by the Governours. That
Inland was long fince taking from the
Portugueſes by the Perfians, who continue Ma-
fters of it to this Day.
FIN1 S.
!
4
CIRCULATING
NON
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
00 NOT
3 9015 02832 1738
A 58257 1
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