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DA
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A MEMOIR
ON
IRELAND NATIVE AND SAXON
Of D. O'CONNELL, Esq™ºM. P.
WITH A
P
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
OF THE AUTHOR
By J. H. WHELAN.
« On our side is VIRTUE AND ERIN
On theirs is the SAXON AND GUILT.»
MOORE.
LYONS AND PARIS,
ANCIENT LIBRARY CORMON AND BLANC,
BLANC AND HERVIER, BOOKsellers,
LYONS, Roger street, 1.
PARIS, Grands Augustins street, 23.
1843.
A
1
ли
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irjan ang
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RESPICE.
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PROSPICE.
IRELAND NATIVE
AND
SAXON.
A MEMOIR
ON
IRELAND NATIVE AND SAXON
BY DANIEL O'CONNEL, M. P.
« On our side is VIRTUE AND ERIN
On theirs is the SAXON AND GUILT.D
MOORE.
LYONS AND PARIS,
BLANC AND HERVIER, BOOKSELLERS,
LYONS, Roger street, 1.
PARIS, Grands-Augustins street, 23.
1843.
31403
*
LA GUILLOTIÈRE,
Printed by J.-M. BAJAT, Trois Rois street, 1.
case 5-10-33 AVM
T
THIS BOOK
IS
HUMBLY INSCRIBED
ΤΟ
HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY
THE QUEEN
OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND
OF IRELAND.
«
QUIS TALIA FANDO
temperet a LACRYMIS. »
PREFACE.
I HUMBLY inscribe the following memoir
to her most gracious Majesty the Queen;
not in the shape of a dedication, or with
the presumptuous hope of my being able
to produce any work of sufficient interest
to occupy the Royal mind. Yet, there is
X
PREFACE.
nothing more desirable than that the So-
vereign of these realms should understand
the real nature of Irish history; should
be aware of how much the Irish have suf
fered from English misrule; should com-
prehend the secret springs of Irish discon-
tent; should be acquainted with the emi-
nent virtues which the Irish nation have
exhibited in every phasis of their singular
fate; and, above all, should be intimately
acquainted with the confiscations, the
plunder, the robbery, the domestic trea-
chery, the violation of all public faith,
and of the sanctity of treaties, the ordina-
ry wholesale slaughters, the planned
murders, the concerted massacres, which
have been inflicted upon the Irish people
by the English Governments.
It has pleased the English people in
general to forget all the facts in Irish his-
PREFACE.
X
1
tory. They have been also graciously plea-
sed to forgive themselves all those crimes!
And the Irish people would forgive them
likewise, if it were not that much of the
worst spirit of the worst days still survi-
ves. The system of clearance of tenants at
the present day, belongs to, and is a de-
monstration of, that hatred of the Irish
people which animated the advice of
Spenser and the conduct of Cromwell..
It is quite true that at the present day
Judges are not bribed with «four shil-
lings in the pound,» to be paid out of the
property in dispute: but, may not preju-
dice and bigotry produce unjust judg-
ments, as well as pecuniary corruption?
And, are those persons free from reproach,
or from guilt, who are ready to select for
the Bench of justice; men whose sole dis-
tinguishing characteristic has been the
xij
PREFACE.
exhibition of their animosity to the
religion and to the people of Ireland!
Did Stanley show none of the temper
of Ireton in his Coercion Bill? Is nome of
the spirit of Coote or of Parsons to be found
(in a mitigated form) in those who refuse
to the catholic people of Ireland their just
share of elective or municipal franchises;
and who insist that the Irish shall remain
an inferior and a degraded caste, depri-
ved of that perfect equality of civil and
religious liberty, of franchises and privi-
leges which equality could alone.
constitute a Union, or render a Union to-
lerable?
wish to arouse the attention of the
sovereign and of the honest portion of
the English people to the wrongs which
Ireland has suffered, and which Ireland
is suffering from British misrule. The
PREFACE.
xiij
Irish people are determined to preserve
their allegiance to the Throne unbroken
and intact; but they are equally deter-
mined to obtain justice for themselves; to
insist on the restoration of their native
Parliament, and to persevere in that de-
mand without violating the law; but also
without remitting or relaxing their exer-
tions, until the object is achieved and
success attained.
What the Sovereign and the Statesmen
of England should understand is, that the
Irish people feel and know, that their
cannot happen a more heavy misfortune
to Ireland than th prosperity and power
of Great-Britain. When Britain is power-
ful, the anti-Irish faction in this country
are encouraged, fostered, promoted; Irish
rights are derided; the grievances of Ire-
land are scoffed at; we are compelled to
Riv
PREFACE.
receive stinted franchises, or none; limi-
ted privileges, or none! — to submit to a
political inferiority, rendered doubly af-
flictive by the contrast with the advanta-
ges enjoyed by the people of England and
the people of Scotland. The Tory Land-
lord class exterminators and all-prime
favourites at the Castle, countenanced and
sustained as the nucleus of that anti-Irish
faction which would once again trans-
plant the Catholics of Ireland to the remo-
test regions, if that faction had the power
to do so; and which actually drives those
Catholics to transport themselves in mul-
titudes to every country out of Ireland.
The worst result of British prosperity
is, the protection it gives to the hard-hear-
ted and bigoted class among the Irish
Landlords.
It is also of the utmost importance that
-
PREFACE.
XV
the Sovereign and Statesmen of England
should be apprised that the people of Ire-
land know and feel that they have a deep-
and vital interest in the weakness and
adversity of England. It was not for them-
selves alone that the Americans gained
the victory over Bourgoyne at Saratoga.
They conquered for Irish as well as for
American freedom. Nor was it for France
alone that Dumourier defeated the Aus-
trian army at Gemappe. The Catholics
of Ireland participated in the fruits of
that victory.
At the present day it would be vain to
attempt to conceal the satisfaction the peo-
ple of Ireland feel at the fiscal embarras-
sments of England. They bitterly and cor-
dially regret the sufferings and privations
of the English and Scotch artisans and
operatives. But they do not regret the
xvj
PREFACE.
weakness of the English Government,
which results from fading commerce and
failing manufacture. For the woes of each
suffering individual they have warm com-
passion and lively sympathy. From the
consequent weakness of the Government
party, they derive no other feelings than
those of satisfaction and of hope.
Was ever folly was ever fatuity so
great, as is evinced in the system of gover-
ning such a country as Ireland in such a
manner as to create and continue the sen-
timents and opinions which I have expres-
sed, and feebly endeavoured to describe?
HER MAJESTY'S most faithful,
most dutiful, and
most devoted subject,
DANIEL O'CONNELL.
1st february, 1843.
AN HISTORICAL MEMOIR
OŃ
IRELAND AND THE IRISH.
CHAP. I.
YEARS 1172-1612.
SEC. I. THE English dominion in Ireland
commenced in the year 1172. It was for some
centuries extended over only an inconsiderable
portion of the island. From various causes the
English district or Pale sometimes augmented in
size, sometimes diminished. It did not become
generally diffused over Ireland until the last
years of queen Elizabeth, nor universally so,
until shortly after the accession of King James
18
•
CHAP. Í,
the First. The success of the forces of queen
Elizabeth was achieved by means the most hor-
rible; treachery, murder, wholesale massacre,
and deliberately created Famine. Take the last
instance the growing crops were year after
year destroyed, until the fairest part of Ireland
and in particular the province of Munster, was
literally depopulated. I give here one quotation.
It is from the English Protestant historian Mor-
rison: «No spectacle was more frequent in
>> the ditches of the towns, and especially in
>> wasted countries, than to see multitudes of
>> these poor people, the Irish, dead, with their
» mouths all coloured green by eating nettles,
» docks, and all things they could rend above
ground. >>
Mark! Illustrious Lady oh! mark! The
most frequent spectacle was, multitudes of dead
of Irish dead dead of hunger! Lady, af
ter having endeavoured to sustain life by devou-
ring, after the fashion of the beasts of the field,
the wild-growing herbs. They were dead in
>>>
YEARS 1172-1612.
19
multitudes and none to bury them! This was
the consummation of the subjugation of the Irish
after a contest of 400 years.
Never was a people on the face of the globe so
cruelly treated as the Irish.
§. 2. The Irish people were not received into
allegiance or to the benefit of being recognized
as subjects until the year 1612, only 228 years
ago, when the statute II James 1 cap. 5, was
enacted. That statute abolished all distinctions
of race between English and Irish. « With the
» intent that,» as the statute expresses it,
« they may grow into one nation, whereby there
» may be an utter oblivion and extinguishment
of all former differences and discorde betwixt
» them. »
S. 3. During the four hundred and forty
years, that intervened between the commence-
ment of the English dominion in 1172 and its
completion in 1612, the Irish people were
known only as the « Irish enemies ». They were
denominated « Irish enemies » in all the royal
20
CHAP. I,
proclamations, royal charters, and acts of Par-
liament, during that period. It was their legal
and technical description.
§. 4. During that period the English were
prohibited from intermarrying with the Irish,
from having their children nursed by the wives
of Irish captains, chiefs, or lords; and what is
still more strange, the English were also prohi-
bited from sending goods, wares, or merchan-
dizes for sale, or selling them upon credit or
for ready money to the Irish.
§. 5. During that time any person of English
descent might murder a mère Irish man or wo-
man with perfect impunity. Such murder was
no more a crime in the eye of the law, than the
killing of a rabid or ferocious animal.
§. 6. There was indeed this distinction, that
if a native Irishman had made legal submission
and had been received into English allegiance,
he could no longer be murdered with impunity,
for his murder was punishable by a small pe
cuniary fine a punishment not for the moral
<HANG
YEARS 1172-1612.
21
crime of murdering a man, but for the social
injury of depriving the state of a servant. Just
as, at no remote period, the white man in seve-
ral of our West Indian colonies was liable to
pay a fine for killing a negro, only because an
owner was thereby deprived of a slave.
23
CHAP. II.
YEARS 1612-1625.
« Residue of the reign of King James the First.
>>
SEC. I. I hove traced the first period of An-
glo-Irish history by a few of its distinctive cha-
racteristics. It comprised a period of 440 years
of internal war, rapine, and massacre. The se-
cond period consists only of thirteen years,
but possesses an interest of a different and a
deeper character.
§. 2. Un happily there had grown up during
the first period another and alas! a more inve-
terate source of a differences and discorde » bet-
24
CHAP. II,
ween the people. I mean the Protestant Refor-
mation. I am not now to give any opinion on
the religious grounds of that all-important mea-
sure. I do not treat of it as a theologian. I speak
of it merely historically, as a fact having results
of a most influential nature.
§. 3. The native Irish universally, and the na-
tives of English descent generally, rejected the
Reformation. It was embraced but by compara-
tively few, and thus the sources of « differences
and discorde » were perpetuated. The distinc-
tion of race was lost. Irish and English were
amalgamated for the purpose of enduring spoil
and oppression under the name of Catholics.
The party which the English government sup-
ported was composed of persons lately arrived
in Ireland, men who, of course, took the name
of « Protestants. >>
§. 4. The intent of the statute of 1612 was
thus frustrated, the « discorde » between the
Protestant and Catholic partics prevented the
Irish from << growing into one nation »,
and
YEARS 1612-1625.
25
still pervents them from being « one nation. »
The fault however has been and still is with
the government. Is it not time it were totally
corrected?
§. 5. The reign of James the First was distin-
guished by crimes commited on the Irish people
under the pretext of Protestantism. The entire
of the province of Ulster was unjustly confisca-
ted, the natives were executed on the scaffold or
slaughtered with the sword, a miserable rem-
nant were driven to the fastnesses of remote
mountains, or the wilds of almost inaccessible
bogs. Their places were filled with scotch ad-
venturers, << aliens in blood and in religion. »>
Devastation equal to that committed by King
James in Ulster was never before seen in chris-
tendom save in Ireland. In the Christian world
there never was a people so cruelly treated as
the Irish.
§. 6. The jurisdiction of Parliament being now
extended all over Ireland, King James created
in one day forty close boroughs, giving the
2
26
CHAP. II, YEARS 1612-1625.
right to elect two members of Parliament in
each of these boroughs, to thirteen Protes-
tants, and this, in order to deprive his Catho-
lic subjects of their natural and just share of
representation.
27
CHAP. III.
YEARS 1625-1660.
SEC. I. THE reign of Charles the First began
under different auspices. The form of oppression
and robbery varied the substance was still
the same. Iniquitous law took place of the bloo-
dy sword: the soldier was superseded by the
judge; and for the names of booty and plunder,
the words forfeiture and confiscation were sub-
stituted. The instrument used by the govern-
ment was the «< commission to inquire into de-
fective titles. » The King claimed the estates of
the Irish people in three provinces. This com-
*
28
CHAP. III,
mission was instituted to enforce that claim. It
was a monstrous tribunal: an attempt was made
to bribe juries to find for the Crown that
attempt failed. Then the jurors, who hesitated
to give verdicts against the people, were fined,
imprisoned, ruined. The judges were not so
chary they were bribed-aye, bribed, with
four shillings in the pound of the value of all
lands recovered from the subjects by the Crown.
before such judges. And so totally lost to all
sense of justice or of shame was the perpetra-
tor of this bribery, STRAFFORD, that he actual-
ly boasted, that he had thus made the Chief Ba-
ron and other judges « attend to the affair as if
it were their own private business. »
§. 2. By these unjust and wicked means the
ministers of Charles the First despoiled for the
use of the Crown, the Irish Catholic people of
upwards of one million of arable acres, besides
a considerably greater extent of land taken from
the right owners, and granted to the rapacious
individuals by whom the spoliation was effected.
YEARS 1625-1660.
29
§. 3. The civil war ensued. Forgetting all
the crimes committed against them, the Irish
Catholics adhered with desperate tenacity to the
party of the King. The Irish Protestants, some
sooner and others later, joined the usurping
powers,
S. 4. During that civil war, the massacres
committed on the Irish by St. Leger, Monroe,
Tichbourne, Hamilton, Grenville, Ireton, and
Cromwell, were as savage and as brutal, as the
horrible feats of Attila or Ghengis Khan.
§. 5. In particular the history of the world
presents nothing more shocking and detestable,
than the massacres perpetrated by O' Brien,
lord Inchiquin in the cathedral of Cashcl; by
Ireton, at Limerick, and by Cromwell in Dro-
gheda and Wexford.
§. 6. When the war had ceased, Cromwell
collected, as the first-fruits of peace, eighty
thousand Irish in the southern parts of Ireland,
to transplant them to the West India Islands.
As many as survived the process of collection
"four schilling, in the pound'
30
CHAP. III, YEARS 1625-1660.
were embarked in transports for these Islands.
Of the eighty thousand, in six years, the sur-
vivors did not amount to twenty individuals!!!
Eighty thousand Irish at one blow deliberately
sacrificed, by a slow but steady cruelty, to the
Moloch of English domination!!! Eighty thou-
sandoh God of mercy!
§. 7. Yet all these barbarities ought to be dee
med light and trivial, compared with the crow-
ning cruelty of the enemies of Ireland. The Irish
were refused civil justice. They were still more
atrociously refused historical justice, and accu-
sed of being the authors and perpetrators of
assassinations and massacres, of which they
were only the victims.
§. 8. No people on the face of the earth were
ever treated with such cruelty as the Irish.
•
31
CHAP. IV.
YEARS 1660-1692.
SEC. 1. WE are arrived at the Restoration
an event of the utmost utility to the English and
Scotch royalists, who were justly restored to
their properties. An event, which consigned ir-
revocably and for ever to British plunderers, and
especially to the soldiers of Ireton and Crom-
well, the properties of the Irish Catholic people,
whose fathers had contended against the usur-
ped powers to the last of their blood and their
breath.
32
CHAP. IV,
§. 2. The Duke of York, afterwards James the
second, took to his own share of the plunder,
about eighty thousand acres of lands belonging
to Irish Catholics, whose cause of forfeiture was
nothing more that they had been the friends and
supporters of his murdered father, and the ene-
mies of his enemies.
§. 3. Yet such was in the Irish nation the in-
herent love of principle, ---a principle of honou-
rable, but, in this instance, most mistaken loyal-
ty—that when this royal plunderer was after-
wards driven from the throne by his British sub-
jects, he took refuge in Ireland, and the Irish
Catholic nobility, gentry, and universal people,
rallied round him, and shed their blood for him
with a courage and a constancy worthy of a bet-
ter cause.
S. 4. This section should be devoted to the
treaty of Limerick. The Irish were not conque-
red, Lady, in the war. They hade in the year pre-
ceding the treaty, driven William the Third with
defeat and disgrace from Limerick. In this Irish
YEARS 1660-1692.
33
victory the women participated. It is no roman-
ce. In the great defeat of William, the women
of Limerick fought and bled and conquered. On
the third of october, 1691, the treaty of Lime-
rick was signed. The Irish army, 30,000 strong
the Irish nobility and gentry, and people, ca-
pitulated with the army and Crown of Great Bri-
tain. They restored the allegiance of the Irish
nation to that Crown. Never was there a more
useful treaty to England than this was under the
circumstances. It was a most deliberate and so-
lemn treaty - deliberately confirmed by letters
- patent from the Crown. It extinguished a san-
guinary civil war. It restored the Irish nation
to the dominion of England, and secured that
dominion in perpetuity over one of the fairest
portions of the globe. Such was the value given
by the Irish people.
S. 5. By that treaty, on the other hand, the
Irish Catholic people stipulated for and obtai-
ned the pledge of « The faith and honour » of
the English crown, for the equal protection by
K
34
CHAP. IV, YEARS 1660-1692.
law of their properties and their liberties with
all other subjects and in particular for the
FREE AND UNFETTERED EXERCISE OF THEIR RELI-
GION.
35
CHAP. V.
YEARS 1692-1778.
SEC. 1. THE Irish in every respect performed
with scrupulous accuracy the stipulations on their
part of the Treaty of Limerick.
§. 2. That Treaty was totally violated by the
British Government, the moment it was perfec-
tly safe to violate it.
§. 3. That violation was perpetrated by the
enactment of a code, of the most dexterous but
atrocious iniquity that ever stained the annals
of legislation.
S. 4. Let me select a few instances of the bar-
36
CHAP. V,
barity with which the treaty of Limerick was
violated, under these heads:
«
Every Catholic was, by act of Parliament, de-
prived of the power of settling a jointure on
» any Catholic wife—or charging his lands with
» any provision for his daughters or dis-
>>>
posing by will of his landed property. On
» his death the law divided his lands equally
» amongst all his sons.
» All the relations of private life were thus vio
>> lated.
>>>>
First. << PROPERTY. »
>> If the wife of a Catholic declared herself a Pro-
» testant, the law enabled her not only to
>> compel her husband to give her a separate
maintenance, but to transfer to her the cus-
tody and guardianship of all their children.
» Thus the wife was encouraged and emprowe-
>>
YEARS 1692-1778.
37
» red successfully to rebel against her hus-
» band.
>> If the eldest son of a Catholic father at any age,
» however young, declared himself a Protes-
» tant, he thereby made his father strict te-
»nant for life, deprived the father of all po-
»wer to sell, or dispose of his estate, and
>> such Protestant son became entitled to the
» absolute dominion and ownership of the es-
>>tate.
>> Thus the eldest son was encouraged and, in-
deed, bribed by the law to rebel against his
>> father.
>>)
>>
If
any
other child beside the eldest son decla-
» red itself, at any age, a Protestant, such
» child at once escaped the controul of its
» father, and was entitled to a maintenance
>> out of the father's property.
» Thus the law encouraged every child to rebel
against its father.
>>
>>>
If any Catholic purchased for money any estate
» in land, any Protestant was empowered by
38
CHAP. V,
» law to take away that estate from the Catho-
lic, and to enjoy it without paying one shil-
ling of the purchase money.
>>
>> This was law.
The Catholic paid the money,
whereupon the Protestant took the estate.
G
-
>>
» The Catholic lost both money and estate.
>>
» If any Catholic got an estate in land by mar-
riage, by the gift, or by the will of a rela-
» tion, or friend, any Protestant could by law
» take the estate from the Catholic and enjoy
>> it himself.
>> If any Catholic took a lease of a farm of land
» as tenant at a rent for a life, or lives, or for
» any longer term than thirty-one years, any
» Protestant could by Law take the farm from
>> the Catholic and enjoy the benefit of the
>> lease.
>>>
If any Catholic took a farm by lease for a term
» not exceeding thirty-one years, as he might
» still by Law have done, and by his labour
» and industry raised the value of the land
» so as to yeld a profit equal to one-third of
YEARS 1692-1778.
39
» the rent, any Protestant might THEN by Law
» evict the Catholic, and enjoy for the resi-
» due of the term the fruit of the labour and
industry of the Catholic.
>>>
>>
If any Catholic had a horse, worth more than
» five pounds, any Protestant tendering Ls 5
>> to the Catholic owner, was by law entitled
>> to take the horse, though worth Ls 50, or
» Ls 100, or more, and to keep it at his own.
» If any Catholic being the owner of a horse
>> worth more than five pounds, concealed his
» horse from any Protestant, the Catholic for
>> the crime of concealing his own horse, was
» liable to be punished by an imprisonment
» of three months, and a fine of three times
>> the value of the horse, whatever that might
>> be.
>> So much for the Laws regulating by Act of
Parliament, the property- -or rather plun-
dering by due course of Law, the property
>> of the Catholic.
S
<< I notice.
40
CHAP. V,
>>
Secondly.
ja
» If a Catholic kept school, or taught any per-
» son, Protestant or Catholic, any species of
literature, or science, such teacher was for
>> the crime of teaching punishable by Law by
>> banishment—and, if he returned from ba-
>>
EDUCATION.
nishment, he was subject to be hanged as
>> a felon.
» If a Catholic, whether a child or adult, atten-
» ded in Ireland, a school kept by a Catholic,
» or was privately instructed by a Catholic,
» such Catholic, although a child in its early
infancy, incurred a forfeiture of all its pro-
»perty, present or future,
» If a Catholic child, however young, was sent
>> to a foreign country for education, such in-
» fant child incurred a similar penalty--that
» is, a forfeiture of all right to property, prc-
» sent or prospective.
YEARS 1692-1778.
41
>> If any person in Ireland made any remittance
» of money or goods, for the maintenance of
» any Irish child educated in a foreign coun-
» try, such person incurred a similar forfei-
» ture.
>>
Thirdly.
» The Law rendered every Catholic incapable of
holding a commission in the army, or navy,
» or even to be a private soldier, unless he
» solemnly abjured his religion.
>>>
Ky
>>
PERSONAL DISABILITIES.
» The Law rendered every Catholic incapable of
holding any office whatsoever of honour or
» emolument in the state. The exclusion was
>> universal.
» A Catholic had no legal protection for life or
liberty. He could not be a Judge, Grand Ju-
» ror, Sheriff, Sub-Sheriff, Master in Chance-
» ry, Six Clerk, Barrister, Attorney, Agent or
42
CHAP. Ý,
Solicitor, or Seneschal of any manor, or
» even gamekeeper to a private gentleman.
» A Catholic could not be a member of any Cor-
>>
poration, and Catholics were precluded
>>
by Law from residence in some corporate
>> towns.
» Catholics were deprived of all right of voting
» for members of the Commons House of Par-
>> liament.
>>
» Catholic peers were deprived of their right to
» sit or vote in the House of Lords.
» Almost all these personal disabilities were
equally enforced by Law against any Pro-
>>testant who married a Catholic wife, or
» whose child, under the age of fourteen, was
» educated as a Catholic, although against
>> his consent.
>>
1
YEARS 1692-1778.
43
>>
Fourthly.
>> To teach the Catholic religion was a transpor-
» table felony; to convert a Protestant to the
» Catholic faith, was a capital offence puni-
>> shable as an act of treason.
>>
RELIGION.
>> To be a Catholic regular, that is a monk or
friar, was punishable by banishment, and
>> to return from banishment an act of high-
>> treason.
» To be a Catholic archbishop or bishop, or
>> to exercise any ecclesiastical jurisdiction
>> whatsoever in the Catholic Church in Ire-
>>
» land, was punishable by transportation
>> to return from such transportation was an
» act of high-treason, punishable by being
hanged, embowelled alive, and afterwards
quartered.»
§. 5. After this enumeration, will you, Illus-
G
44
CHAP. V,
trious Lady, be pleased to recollect that every
one of these enactments, that each and every of
these laws, was a palpable and direct violation
of a solemn treaty to which the faith and ho-
nour of the British Crown was pledged, and the
justice of the English nation unequivocally en-
gaged.
§. 6. There never yet was such a horrible co-
de of persecution invented, so cruel, so cold-
blooded - calculating emaciating universal
as this legislation, which the Irish Orange
faction the Shaws the Lefroys the Ver-
ners of the day did invent and enact. A code
exalted to the utmost height of infamy by the
fact, that it was enacted in the basest violation
of a solemn engagement and deliberate treaty.
§. 7. It is not possible for me to describe that
code in adequate language It almost surpas-
sed the eloquence of Burke to do so. « It had,
as Burke describes it, « It had a vicious perfec-
» tion it was a complete system — full of col
» herence and consistency; well digested and wel
S
Ný
YEARS 1692-1778.
45
disposed in all its parts. It was a machine of
» wise and elaborate contrivance, and as well fit-
» ted for the oppression, impoverishment, and de-
gradation of a people, and the debasement in
» them of human nature itself, as ever proceeded
>>
>>
» from the perverted ingenuity of man. »
§. 8. This code prevented the accumulation
of property, and punished industry as a crime.
Was there ever such legislation in any other
country, Christian or Pagan? But thad is not
all, because the party who inflicted this horri-
ble code, actually reproached the Irish people
with wilful and squalid POVERTY.
§. 9. This code enforced ignorance by statute
Law, and punished the acquisition of knowled-
ge as a felony. Is this credible? - Yet it is true.
But that is not all; for the party that thus per-
secuted learning, reproached and still reproach
the Irish people with IGNORANCE.
§ 10. There; there never was a people
on the face of the earth so cruelly, so basely,
treated as the Irish. There never was a fac-
46
CHAP. V, YEARS 1692-1778.
tion so stained with blood so blackened
with crime as that Orange faction, which,
under the name of Protestant, seeks to retain
the remnants of their abused power, by kee-
ping in activity the spirit which created and
continued the infamous penal persecution of
which I have thus faintly traced an outline.
It would be worse than seditious, nay
actually treasonable, to suppose that such a
faction can ever obtain countenance from you,
Illustrious Lady, destined, as I trust you are,
at length to grant justice, by an equalization
of rights with your other subjects, to your
faithful, brave, long oppressed, but magna-
nimous, people of Ireland.
47
CHAP. VI.
YEARS 1778-1800.
the
§ 1. The persecution I have described
persecution founded on a breach of national
faith and public honour-lasted for eighty--
six long years of darkness of shame and
of sorrow.
It was intended to reduce the Catholic people
of Ireland to the state of the most abject po-
verty, and by the same means to extirpate the
Catholic religion.
Here a question of some interest arises :
What was the success of the experiment? Be-
48
CHAP. VI,
fore the question is answered, let it be recol-
lected that the experiment had in favour of its
success the Crown- the parliament - the Bis-
hops and Clergy of the established Church
the Judges, -the Army, the Navy the Cor-
porations
Mayors Aldermen Sheriffs
and Freemen the Magistracy, the Grand Ju-
rors the almost universal mass of the pro-
perty and wealth of the Irish nation. It had
besides the entire countenance, concurrence,
and support of England and Scotland not a
tongue could utter in public one word against
it, or if it so uttered even one word, it was
stopped for ever not a pen could write one
word in opposition.
Yet with all these tremendous advantages,
what was the success of the experiment?
Illustrious Lady—it failed-it totally failed.
A just estimate would state that the Catholics
went into the persecution about two millions in
number; the Protestant persecutors - for, at
that day, they were all persecutors — were
Add
Ca
M
YEARS 1778-1800.
49
about one million. The Catholics have increased
to nearly seven millions the Protestants still
scarcely exceed the original million. The com-
parative increase of the one under persecution
is enormous—the comparative decrease of the
other whilst persecuting is astounding; in the
first instance the Catholics were at the utmost
only two to one—in the second they are near
seven to one:
Be
<< Thus captive Israel multiplied in chains. »
N
Blessed be God! So may persecution fail in
every country until it shall universally be ad-
mitted to be as useless for conversion, as its
exercise is dehasing and degrading in those
who employ it.
$ 2. The time for a relaxation of the « Penal
Code >> that was the technical name given to
the persecuting code - had at length arrived.
In 1775 the obstinate refusal of the British
Government to do « justice to America » was
checked by blood. In 1777 a British army, in
its « pride of place,» surrendered at Sara-
3
50
CHAP. VI,
toga to the once despised, insulted, and ca-
lumniated << Provincials. » It was in 1778 too
late to conciliate America. The proclaimed her
independence, and America was for ever lost
to the British crown.
§ 3. The ancient enemies of England in Eu-
rope armed, and assailed her. The English Go-
vernment in their adversity learned on lesson
from fatal experience; they for the first time
tried conciliation to Ireland. The Penal Code
was relaxed in 1778. Conciliation succeeded as
it always will with the Irish people. America,
it is true, was lost by refusing to conciliate
but Ireland was preserved to the British crown
by conciliation.
§ 4. The relaxation of the « Penal Code » in
1778 was, in its own nature, a large instal-
ment of the debt of « Justice to the Catholic
people of Ireland. » It restored to the Catholics.
the same power and dominion over the pro-
perty they then held as the Protestants always
enjoyed; and it enabled the Catholics to acquire
YEARS 1778-1800.
51
as tenants, or as purchasers, any interest in
lands for any terms or years, though they may
be as long as one thousand year. But still they
could not acquire by purchase, or as tenants,
any freehold interests. The Catholics wisely
accepted the instalment, and went on with in-
creased security and power to look for the rest
of the debt of justice.
§ 5. In 1782, England stood alone in a con-
test with the greatest power in the world-
the combined fleets of her enemies, as one
of the rare instances in her naval annals,
rode triumphant and unopposed in the Bri-
tish channel. Accordingly the « Penal Code »
was once again relaxed conciliated Ireland
poured twenty thousand seamen and active
landsmen into the British navy enabled Rod-
ney to pursue the French fleet to the West
Indies; where, in his action with De Grasse,
Irish valour, emulating, and, if that were
possible, exceeding British bravery, rendered
the « meteor flag of England » once more vic-
:
p
52
CHAP. VI,
torious-crushed the naval power of the enemy
- saved not only the West Indian colonies, but
also the honour of the British crown, and stre-
wed laurels over a peace which would other-
wise have been ignominious as well as disas-
trous.
Conta
6. The relaxation of the year 1782 was a
second instalment of the debt of « Justice to
Ireland. » It was a noble instalment. It enabled
the Catholics to acquire freehold property for
lives, or of inheritance. But it did more;
for the first time after ninety years of perse-
cuted learning, it enabled the Catholics to open
schools and to educate their youth in literature
and religion. The Catholics wisely accepted
that instalment, which restored in full their
rights of property, and gave them the inesti-
mable right of education. They gratefully ac-
cepted the instlament, and wisely and with in-
creased power, commenced a new struggle for
the rest.
$ 7. The admission of the Catholics to the
1
YEARS 1778-1800.
.53
tenancy of lands in 1778, increased conside-
rably the rents of the Protestant landlords
in Ireland. The estates, enhanced enormously
the value of the property of all the Protes-
tants of Ireland. Conciliation and prosperity
went hand in hand, and that which benevo-
lence alone would have suggested, was pro-
ved by experience to be the best means to in-
crease the value of their property, which the
most rigid and the most selfish prudence would
have dictated to the Protestant proprietors of
Ireland.
§ 8. There were other events in 1782, which
merit more than the passing glance 1 can now
bestow upon them events of the deepest
the most soul stirring interest. For the pre-
sent, suffice it to say, that the Irish Parlia
ment which asserted the legislative indepen-
dence of Ireland was not only the most advan-
tageous to its constituents, but was at the
same time the most loyal to the British crown,
and the most useful to the British power. It
54
CHAP. VI,
was that Parliament which voted and paid the
twenty thousand Irish Catholics who rushed to
man the British fleets, and contributed to Bod-
ney's victory. Ireland never had a Parliament
more attached to British connexion than the
Irish Parliament which asserted Irish legislative
independence.
§ 9. Ten years followed of great and increa-
sing prosperity in Ireland but they were
years of peace and power in England, and
there was no occasion to conciliate or court
the Catholics of Ireland. Accordingly no further
advance was made in their emancipation. The
Catholics havever shared in the universal pros
perity of Ireland.
§ 10. The year 1792 found matters in this
condition. The prosperity which the Catho-
lics enjoyed in common with their other coun-
trymen the property which they were
daily acquiring, made them impatient for po-
litical rights. They therefore petitioned the
Irish House of Commons that the profession
-
K
-
YEARS 1778-1800.
55
of the law might be opened to them, and for
the elective franchise. It was with difficulty
one member could be procured to move that
the petition should be laid upon the table, and
another to second it. The motion was opposed
by the member for Kildare, Mr. Latouche; he
moved that the petition should be rejected
there was no danger apprehended from its re-
jection. It was accordingly rejected, all the
members of the Government voting for that re-
jection.
§ 11. But before the close of 1792, a new
scene was opened. The French armies de-
feated their enemies at every point. The Ne-
therlands were conquered, and a torrent of
republicanism, driven on by military power,
threatened every state in Europe. The cannon
of the battle of Gemappe were heard at St. Ja-
mes's the wisdom of conciliating the Ca-
tholics was felt and understood; and in the
latter end of that same year 1792 in the
early part of which the Government had
gdada
C
56
CHAP. VI,
ignominiously rejected the Catholic petition with
contempt that same Government brought
in a bill still further to relax the « Penal
Code; and early in the next year brought
in another bill, granting, or I should rather
say restorings greater privileges to the Ca-
tholics.
S 12. By the effect of both these bills, the
bar was opened to the Catholics they might
become barristers, but not King's counsel
they could be attorneys and solicitors they
could be freemen of the lay corporations
the Grand Jury box and the magistracy were
opened to them they were allowed to at-
tain the rank of Colonel in the army and
still greater than all, they were allowed to
acquire the elective franchise, and to vote for
members of Parliament. This was the third
great instalment of public justice obtained by
the Catholics of Ireland.
§ 13. But it should be recollected that these
concessions were made more in fear than in
YEARS 1778-1800.
57
to commence
friendship. The revolutionary war was about
the flames of republicanism
had spread far and near. It was eagerly caught
up amongst the Protestant and especially among
the Presbyterian population of the north of Ire-
land. Belfast was its warmest focus; it was the
deep interest of the British Government to de-
tach the wealth and intelligence of the Catho-
lics of Ireland from the republican party. This
policy was adopted. The Catholics were conci-
liated. The Catholic nobility, gentry, mercan-
tile, and other educated classes, almost to a
man, separated from the republican party.
That which would otherwise have been a revo-
lution, became only an unsuccessful rebellion.
The intelligent and leading Catholics were con-
ciliated, and Ireland was once again, by the
wise policy of concession and conciliation, sa-
ved to the British crown.
S 14. Illustrious Lady - the rebellion of 1798
itself was, almost avowedly, and beyond a doubt
proveably, fomented to enable the British Go-
58
CHAP. VI,
vernment to extinguish the Irish legislative in-
dependence and to bring about the Union.
But the instrument was nearly too powerful for
the unskilful hands that used it, and if the Ca-
tholic wealth, education, and intelligence, had
joined the rebellion, it would probably have
been successful.
§ 15. One word upon the legislative inde-
pendence of Ireland — that which is now cal-
led a << Repeal of the Union. » It is said to be a
severance of the empire a separation of the
two countries. Illustrious Lady, these state-
ments are made by men who know them to be
unfounded. An Irish legislative independence
would, on the contrary, be the strongest and
most durable connexion between your Majes
ty's Irish and your British dominions. It would,
by conciliating your Irish subjects and atten-
ding to their wants and wishes, render the se-
paration of Ireland from the lawful dominion
of your crown, utterly impossible.
§ 16. No country ever rose so rapidly in
YEARS 1778-1800.
59
trade, manufactures, commerce, agricultural
wealth, and general prosperity, as Ireland did
from the year 1782 until the year 1798, when
the << fomented Rebellion » broke out, and for
a space, a passing and transitory space, mar-
red the fair prospects of Ireland.
61
CHAP. VII.
THE YEAR 1800.
§. 1. This year would justify a volume to it-
self. It was the year that consummated the cri-
mes which, during nearly seven centuries, the
English Government perpetrated against Ireland.
It was the year of the destruction of the Irish
legislature. It vas the fatal, ever to be accursed
year of the enactment of the Union.
§. 2. The Union was inflicted on Ireland by
the combined operation of terror, torture, for-
ce, fraud, and corruption.
§. 3. The contrivers of the Union kept on
62
CHAP. VII,
foot and fomented the embers of a lingering re-
bellion. They hallooed the Protestant against the
Catholic, and the Catholic against the Protes-
tant. They carefully kept alive domestic dissen-
sions, for the purposes of subjugation.
§. 4. Whilst the Union was in progress, the
Habeas corpus act was suspended—all consti-
tutional freedom was annihilated in Ireland —
MARTIAL LAW WAS PROCLAIMED the use of
torture was frequent — liberty, life, or proper-
ty, had no protection public opinion was sti-
fled trials by court-martial were familiar
meetings legally convened by sheriffs and ma-
gistrates were dispersed by military violence
-the voice of Ireland was suppressed the
Irish people had no protection. Once again, I re-
peat, MARTIAL LAW WAS PROCLAIMED — thus the
Union was achieved in total despite of the Irish
nation.
Madag
M
§. 5. But this was not all-the most enormous
and the basest corruption was resorted to. Lord
John Russell is reported to have stated some
THE YEAR 1800.
63
time ago at a public dinner, that the Union was
carried at an expense of L. 800,000. He was
much mistaken, speaking as he did merely from
a vague recollection. The parliamentary docu-
ments will show him that the one item of the
purchase money. Of rotten and nomination bo-
roughs, cost no less a sum than one million,
two hundred and forty-five thousand pounds.
The pecuniary corruption amounted altoge-
ther to about three millions of pounds sterling.
§. 6. But this was not all-the expenditure of
patronage was still more open, avowed, and
profligate; Peerages were a familiar staple of
traffic- the command of ships of the line and
of regiments the offices of Chief and Puisne
Judges, the stations of Archbishops and Bishops,
Commissioner-ships of the Revenue, and all
species of Collector-ships-in short, all gra-
des of offices the sanctuary of the law and
the temples of religion, were trafficked upon
as bribes, and given in exchange for votes in
parliament in favour of the Union.
C
64
CHAP. VII,
§. 7. But this was not all. Notwithstanding
all the resources of intimidation and terror
of martial law and military torture — of the
most gigantic bribery ever exhibited — the
Union could not be carried until several of the
nomination boroughs were purchased, to re-
turn a number of Scotchmen and Englishmen,
all of whom held rank in the army or navy,
or other offices under Government, removeable
at pleasure. The number of such « Aliens » was
almost as great as the majority by which the
Union was carried.
§. 8. The Union was not a treaty or compact,
Illustrious Lady. It was not a bargain, or agree
mcnt. It had its origin in, and was carried by
force, fraud, terror, torture, and corruption.
It has to this hour no binding power but what
it derivers from force. It is still a mere name.
The countries are not united. The Irish are still
treated as «< Alicns in blood and in religion. »
S. 9. Thus was the legislative independence
of Ireland extinguished. Thus was the greatest
THE YEAR 1800.
65
crime ever perpetrated by the English Govern-
ment upon Ireland consummated.
S. 10. The atrocity of the manner of carrying
the Union was equalled only by the injustice of
the terms to which Ireland was subjected.
S. 11. I hate to dwell on this detestable sub-
ject. I will put forward only two of the featu-
res of the injustice done to Ireland. The one
relates to finance-the other to representation.
§. 12. The epitome of the financial fraud
perpetrated against the Irish is just this. At the
time of the Union Ireland owed twenty millions.
of funded debt. England owed four hundred
and forty-six millions. If the Union were a fair
and reasonable treaty, the debts of the two
countries should continue to bear the same pro-
portions. Perhaps even that arrangement would,
under all the circumstances, be harsh towards
Ireland. But what is the consequence to Ireland
of the Union? It is this, that all the land, hou-
ses, and other property, real and personal,
of
Ireland, are now pledged to the repayment
66
CHAP. VII,
equally with England of eight hundred and for
ty millions of pounds sterling!!! At the utmost
the Irish ought to owe a sum not exceeding
forty millions. By the Union we are made to
owe eight hundred and forty millions. But for
the Union, the entire Irish debt would have
been long since paid off, and Ireland, like Nor-
way, would have no national debt. Never was
there a people so unjustly treated as the Irish!
§. 13. The gross injustice done to Ireland in
the matter of representation in the united Par-
liament was this: the ingredients to entitle
either country to representation were said by
the fabricators of the Union to be - population
and property. The only evidences of property
that Lord Castlereagh would allow, were ex-
ports, imports, and revenue. He totally omit-
ted rental—yet, upon his own data, Ireland
was entitled to 108 - out of a total of 658 re-
presentatives.
G
He took off eight, of his own will and plea-
sure, and left Ireland but 100 members.
THE YEAR 1800.
67
But in truth he ought to have taken into cal-
culation the relative rental of each country,
and then the right of Ireland to 169 members
would appear. Still more, had the ingredients
of a relative representation consisted, as they
ought to have consisted, solely of population and
revenue, the right of Ireland to 176 members
would be demonstrated.
S. 14. If the Union had been a fair treaty, no
chicanery could have deprived Ireland of at the
least 150 members. Yet one-third were struck
off at the despotic will and pleasure of the En-
glish Government. This is indeed a grievous
injustice, and much of the insecurity of the
Union rests upon it. Substantial justice in this
respect has ever been withheld. Thus we are
degraded and insulted by the Union.
69
CHAP. VIII.
YEARS 1800-1829.
§. 1. The alleged object of the Union was to
consolidate the inhabitants of both islands into
one nation-one people. The most flattering
hopes were hellout, the most solemn pledges
were vowed — Ireland was no longer to be an
alien and a stranger to British liberty. The re-
ligion of the inhabitants was no longer to be a
badge for persecution the nation were to be
identified the same privileges the same
laws the same liberties.
They trumpeted, until the ear was tired and
Ma
C
70
CHAP. VIII,
all good taste nauseated, the hackneyed quota-
tion, the « Paribus se legibus
>>> the « Invicta
gentes » the « Eterna in federa.
·
§. 2. These were words Latin or English,
they were mere words - Ireland lost everything
and got nothing by the Union. Pitt behaved with
some dignity when he resigned the office of
Prime Minister, on finding that George the
Third refused to allow him to redeem the Union
pledge of granting Catholic Emancipation. But
that dignity was dragged in the kenuel, when
he afterwards consented to be Minister with his
pledge broken and his faith violated. Yet there
are still << Pitt Clubs » are there not? — in
M
England!!!
§. 3. Ireland lost everything and gained nothing
by the Union. There is one great evil in the po-
litical economy of Ireland. There is one incu-
rable plague-spot in the state of Ireland. It is,
that nine-tenths of the soil belong to absentees.
This evil was felt as a curse pregnant with eve-
ry possible woe even before the Union. It has
YEARS 1800-1829.
71
enormously increased since the Union must
inevitably have increased, and must continue
to increase absenteeism. Even all the establish-
ments necessary to carry on the Government
save one that of the Lord Lieutenant
have become absentees.
§. 4. Ireland lost and gained nothing by the
Union. Every promise was broken, every pled-
ge was violated. Ireland struggled, and prayed,
and cried out to friends for aid, and to Parlia-
ment for relief.
M
§. 5. At length a change came over the spi-
rit of our proceedings. The people of Ireland
ceased to court patronage, or to hope for relief
from their friends. They became « friends to
themselves, » and after twenty-six years of agi-
tation, they forced the concession of emancipa-
tion. The compelled the most powerful as well
as the most tricky, the most daring as well as
the most dexterous, of their enemies, to conce-
de Emancipation.
§. 6. WELLINGTON and PEEL blessed be
J
72
CHAP. VIII,
heaved we defeated you. Our peaceable
combination, bloodless, unstained, crimeless,
was too strong for the military glory bah!
of the one, and for all the little arts, the deba-.
sing chicanery, the plausible delusions, of the
other. Both at length conceded, but without
dignity, without generosity, without candour,
without sincerity. Nay, there was a littleness in
the concession almost incredible, were it not
part of public history. They emancipated a peo-
ple, and by the same act they proscribed an in-
dividual. PEEL and WELLINGTON, we defeated
and drove you before us into coerced liberality,
and you lest every remnant of character behind
you, as the spoil of the victors.
S. 7. There was an intermediate period in
which Emancipation could have been conceded
with a good grace, and would have been accep-
ted as a boon. It was the year 1825. In that
year, when everything favoured the grant of
Emancipation — when it could have been gran-
ted with grace and dignity when it could
Wag
YEARS 1800-1829.
73
have been bestowed as the emanation of the
mighty minds of statesmen and conquerors,
in 1825, Wellington and Peel successfully
opposed Emancipation, and thus preserved that,
which might have been their glorious triumph,
to become the instrument of their own degra-
dation.
§. 8. Let it not be forgotten that the House
of Commons three times during these twenty-
nine years passed an Emancipation bill; but
that bill was, each of those times, rejected by
the House of Lords. The Lords however yielded
to the fourth assault, backed as it was by the
power of the Irish nation. We at length defca-
ted the perpctual enemy of Ireland the Bri-
tish House of Lords.
§. 9. Let it be recollected that our struggle
was for « freedom of conscience. » Oh how
ignorant are the men who boast of Protestant
tolerance, and declaim on Catholic bigotry! This
calumny was one of the worst evils we former-
ly endured. At present we laugh it to scorn.
4
74
CHAP. VIII, YEARS 1800-1829.
The history of the persecutions perpetrated by
the Protestant Established Church of England,
upon Catholics on the one hand, and upon Pres.
byterians and other Protestant dissenters on
the other, is one of the blackest in the page
of time.
§. 10. The Irish Catholics, three times since
the Reformation restored to power, never per-
secuted a single person blessed be the great
God!
A
75
CHAP. IX.
YEARS 1829-1840.
§. 1. There never was a people on the face
of the earth, so cruelly, so basely, so unjustly
treated as the people of Ireland have been by
the English Government.
§. 2. The Catholics being emancipated, the
people of England had leisure to awaken to a
sense of the delusions practised upon them by
false alarms on the score of religion and loyal-
ty. The delusion was most valuable to the de-
luders. At length the monstrous nature of what
was called Parliamentary representation stared
76
CHAP. IX,
the British people in the face. It was, perhaps,
the greatest and most ludicrous farce that had
ever been played on the great stage of the
world. Luckily a blunder, such as no man out
of a madhouse had ever before committed
a blunder of the Duke of Wellington - brought
the absurdity and oppression of this farce into
so glaring a point of view, as to render it im-
possible to be continued. He, as a Prime Mi-
nister of England, declared his conviction that
the nomination and rotten-borough system of
England, was THE ACTUAL PERFECTION OF PO-
LITICAL SAGACITY-NAY, HE ALMOST EXALTED IT
INTO AN EMANATION OF A DIVINER MIND.
This was irresistible-common sense revolted
Reform was inevitable.
§. 3. Again, the most gross and glaring in-
justice was done to Ireland. It is admitted that,
without, the aid of the Irish members, Reform
could not have been carried. Even the most
malignant of our enemies, Stanley, has admitted
that fact. To the Irish, therefore, a deep debt
YEARS 1829-1840.
77
of gratitude was due from the British Refor-
mers. But how have we been requited! We
have been treated with the basest and most
a trocious ingratitude.
§. 4. We are still suffering under the ingra-
titude of the British Reformers under the
consistent injustice of the British Tories.
Under four heads I will, as briefly as possi-
ble, sketch our complaints; - not the abject
complaint of those who have no hope in, and
no reliance upon, their own virtue. I make the
complaint in the language of a freeman.
make it on behalf of a people who have made
others free, and who deserve to be free them-
selves. As my only preface, I desire these four
facts to be remembered.
1st. That the Irish Representatives turned
the scale of victory, and carried the English
Parliamentary Reform Bill.
2nd. They equally, and by the same Act,
carried the Scotch Reform Bill.
3rd. They equally, and by inevitable conse-
78
CHAP. IX,
quence, carried the English Municipal Reform
Bill.
4th. They equally carried the Scotch Muni-
cipal Reform Bill.
on
S. 5. Even if they had not these merits, they
were entitled, unless the Union be an insulting
mockery, they were the Irish were
the plainest principles of common sense, entit-
led to equal measures of Reform with England
and Scotland. This the Union entitled them to.
But their case has this glorious adjunct to its
right—namely, that they had principally con-
tributed to obtain Reform for the two other
countries.
Adapt
§. 6. The complaints of the Irish people are
these:
My first complaint is, that the Irish did not
get an equal Parliamentary Reform Bill with
Scotland or with England.
» 1st. Ireland did not get the proper portion of
representatives. Wales got an increase of
>> six members upon a population of 800,000.
»
1
YEARS 1829-1840.
79
Scotland, upon a population of 2,300,000,
» got an increase of eight. Ireland, upon a
population of 8,000,000, got an increase
» of five.
>> Scotland increased her representatives by one
>> in five-Wales by one in six-Ireland by
>> one in ten!!! and even one of these was
D
given against not for Ireland—the second
» member for the University of Dublin. But
>> let it be one in ten.
» Thus the original iniquity of the Union in res-
» pect to representation was enhanced by the
» Reform Bill. Ireland, upon the score of po-
pulation and property, was entitled to 176
we offered to take
» members out of 658
» 125.
» 2nd. The next and still greater injustice done
» to Ireland was in the nature of the fran-
» chise.
>>
>> In the towns, though the franchise is nomi-
nally the same, yet it is substantially and
really infinitely greater in Ireland than in
>>
>>>
80
CHAP. IX,
England. A house worth ten pounds a
» year, gives the franchise in London and
>> in Liverpool. How few, how very few
>> houses are there in either not worth ten
>>
>>
pounds a-year?
» A house worth ten pounds a-year gives the
» franchise in Ennis or in Youghal. How few
» houses are there in these towns, or similar
» towns in Ireland. I complain of the injus-
» tice thus done us, by making that nomi-
nally the same which is substantially dif-
>> ferent.
»
» In the county constituencies the injustice was
» still more glaring. We have, in fact, but
» two franchises for the people. they are
>> both of ten pounds clear annual value,
» ruled to be above rent
an enormously
» high rate of franchise
the one a freehold
» tenure, the other for a term of twenty
M
M
» years.
>> Contrast this with England; which, by her
YEARS 1829-1840.
81
» Reform Bill, multiplied her franchises to
» nine different and distinct species.
>>
England, a rich country, has nine different
species of franchise, to meet every gra-
» dation of property, including in them the
>> more ancient 40 s. freehold franchise.
» Ireland, infinitely the poorer country, has,
>> in fact, for her people, only two fran-
chises, and these so enormously high as
>> ten pounds clear annual value.
>>
>>
护
​>> Perhaps the annals of history never displayed
» a more disgusting injustice than was thus
>> committed by the Irish Reform Bill upon
>> the Irish people.
>>>
>> The THIRD base act of ingratitude committed
by the English Reformers upon the people
» of Ireland, was the base and bloody, Coer-
>>cion Act, in the very spirit in which
>> Cromwell and Ireton acted. In that very
spirit the first reformed Parliament passed
>> the atrocious Coercion Act, as the reward
>> of the Irish people for their successful ef-
>>>
82
CHAP. IX,
» forts in the cause of Reform: yes - An-
» glesey, Stanley, Lord Grey, Brougham, all,
» all joined in recompensing us for our pa-
» triotic exertions in their behalf, by abolis
hing all costitutional liberty, by annihila-
ting the trial by jury, and leaving the lives,
» liberties, and properties of the people of
» Ireland, at the mercy of military caprice,
» violence, or passion.
>>>
>> Sacred Heaven! were there ever a people
» so cruelly, so vilely. treated as the people
» of Ireland? Here, indeed, was a specimen
» of the gratitude of British Reformers!!!
» The FOURTH complaint I have to make affects
only the British Tories. This injustice is
» done to the people of Ireland by the house
» of Lords. England has reformed Municipal
>> Corporations-Scotland has reformed Mu-
»> nicipal Corporations.
>>
>>
A
>> Ireland was for several years pertinaciously
>> refused reformed Municipal Corporations.
» Ireland has been still more outrageously in-
•
»
YEARS 1829-1840.
»sulted by the Corporate Reform Bill, which
» has been at length
83
I will not say conce-
>>
ded, but flung to her-as one would fling
» offal to a dog.
» Ireland has been insulted by the Irish Corpo-
» rate Reform Bill, flung to her after so many
» years of refusal ;
Firstly― Because by the Irish Corporate Re-
» form Bill the new Corporations are eviscc-
» rated of all the real power and authority
»> necessary to enable them to give protection
>> to the people in the corporate towns and
» cities; to enable them to watch over the
» administration of justice; to introduce eco-
» nomy in the expenditure, and moderation
>> in the levying, of local taxes. In short,
>> the Irish Corporate Reform Act has pro-
» duced a mongrel species of Coporation more
>> dead than alive; powerless and paralyzed.
» Secondly The Irish Corporate Reform Bill
>> is an insult to the people of our towns and
>> cities by the contrast of the municipal fran-
84
CHAP. IX,
» chise in England compared with that in
>> Ireland. In the English towns and cities
» every man rated to the poor, no matter at
>> how low an amount, is entitled to the
»
municipal franchise, and to be placed ac-
cordingly on the Burgess Roll. In Ireland,
» on the contrary, no man is entitled to the
municipal franchise or to be placed on the
>>> Burgess Roll, unless he is rated to the
>>
>>
>>
»> full amount of ten pounds. The law thus
>> includes all the English who are rated at
» all; and excludes at the same time all the
» Irish who are rated at any sum under ten
pounds, and who form a most numerous
»> class. And this insult is aggravated by
>>>
>> those who say that there is a union bet-
»ween England and Ireland! Bah!
Thirdly
W
Another contrast renders the Irish
Corporate Reform Bill a yet more aggra-
» valed insult to the Irish people. It is this:
>> - In the English towns and cities each
» person on the Burgess Roll has his right
>>>
YEARS 1829-1840.
85
» to vote qualified by the condition of paying
only one tax; namely, the poor rate, in-
cluding (if any) the Burgess rate: whe-
>> reas in Ireland, (for example in the city
» of Dublin) every person on the Burgess
» Roll has his right to vote qualified by the
necessity of paying at least NINE--and,
>> almost in all instances no less than Eleven
>>
»
>>
» different taxes: a necessity which reduces
» the number of persons actually entitled to
>> make use of the municipal franchise by at
>> least one-third. »
There are other points of inferiority in the
Irish corporate Reform Bill which I scorn to
take the trouble of noticing. The complaint I
make is sufficiently intelligible to justify our
indignation and utter disgust.
With this complaint I close the catalogue of
actual wrongs perpetrated upon Ireland since
the passing of the Emancipation Bill.
§. 7. There remains the question of tithes,
now called Tithe Rent charge. Ireland feels the
86
CHAP. IX, YEARS 1829-1840.
ancient and long continued injustice to the
heart's core. The Catholic people of Ireland sup-
port and maintain a perfect hierarchy in their
own church. They support four Archbishops
-twenty-five Bishops many Deans-vicars-
general with more than three thousand pa-
rish Priests and Curates, to administer to the
spiritual wants of about seven millions of Chris-
tians. Can they ought they to be content to
be compelled to contribute anything to the sup-
port of a hierarchy with which they are not in
communion? No! They are not they can-
not they ought not to be content whilst one
atom of the present tithe system remains in
existence.
Agg
If tithes be public property- and what else
are they? — alleviate the burthen on the pu-
blic, and appropriate the residue to public and
national purposes, especially to education. This
is common sense and common honesty. We can
never settle into contentment with less.
87
CONCLUSION.
These pages contain a faint outline of the
sad story of the woes and miseries of Ireland.
The features of that story are characterized by
the most odious crimes committed by the En-
glish rulers on the Irish people. Rapine, con-
fiscation, murder, massacre, treachery, sacri-
lege, —wholesale devastation, and injustice of
every kind, continued in many of its odious
forms to the present hour.
The form of persecution is altered the
spirit remains the same. Those who heretofore
would have used the dagger, or the knife of
Sta
88
CONCLUSION.
the assassin, employ now only the tongue, or
the pen of the calumniator and instead of
murdering bodies, exhaust their energies in
assassinating reputation. Calumny has been
substituted for murder, and the faction which
has so long rioted in Irish blood, consoles its
virulent and malignant passions by indulging
in ever varying, never-dying falsehood and tru-
culent slander.
What is the present condition of the Irish
mind what ought to be the designs of the
Patriots of Ireland?
We feel and understand that, if the Union
was not in existence — if Ireland had her own
Parliament, the popular majority would have
long since carried every measure of salutary
and useful reform. Instead of being behind-hand
with England and Scotland, we should have
taken the lead, and achieved for ousclves all
and more than we have contributed to achieve
for them.
If there were no Union-Ireland woult be
C
1
CONCLUSION.
89
grea-
the part of the British dominions in which
ter progress would have been made in civil and
religious liberty, than in any other part subject
to the British crown. If the Union had not been
carried, Ireland would have long since paid off
her national debt, and been now almost entirely
free from taxation.
The Union, and the Union alone, stands in
the way of our achieving for ourselves every
political blessing.
Injustice — degradation — comparative wea-
kness, wide-spreading poverty, unendurable po-
litical inferiority, these are the fruits of the
Union.
M
Of its effects on the people of Ireland, I will
state but one fact— that, upon a population of
eight millions, there are two millions, three
hundred thousand individuals, dependant for sub-
sistence on casual charity!!! And this in one of
the most abundantly fertile countries on the
globe.
The Irish insisted and do insist that nothing
90
CONCLUSION.
X
can be a greater outrage than to make them
submit to the degradation and burthen of a
Union with another country, and, at the same
time, to withhold from them a full equalization
of privileges and franchises with that other
country. Such equalization is the meaning of
the word « Union; » any other Union is a per-
manent falsehood—a living lie.
FIRSTLY. The Union entitled the Catholic of
Ireland—that is, emphatically the people of
Ireland -- to religious equality with the English
and Scotch. It was thus distinctly and in wri-
ting avowed by Pitt in his negotiation with Ca-
tholic Peers and others who called themselves
the leaders of the Catholic people. But what is
better, that right was essential to the very na-
ture of the Union.
In this respect the Union was for twenty-nine
years « a living lie.
The partial realization of the Union in this
respect, after a struggle of twenty-nine years,
is entirely due to the virtue of the Irish people;
CONCLUSION.
91
and not to the good sense or the honesty of the
English government.
But, as long as the people of Ireland are
compelled to do that which neither the people
of England, nor the people of Scotland do-
that his, to support the Church of the minori-
ty; so long will the Union continue to be in
that respect « a living lie. »
SECONDLY. The Union entitled the people of
Ireland to the same elective franchise with the
people of England. In this respect the Union en.
titled the people of Ireland to a perfect equality,
not only in name, but in substance, in the en
joyment of the elective franchise.
In this regard, the Union is to the present
day <«< a living lie; » a lie aggravated by base
ingratitude and vile injustice.
THIRDLY. The Union entitled the people of
Ireland to an adequate portion of the represen-
tation in Parliament. But such proportion has
been scornfully and contemptuously refused.
92
CONCLUSION.
The Union is therefore in this essential respect,
<«< a living lie. »
FOURTHLY. The Union entitled the people of
Ireland to an identity of relief with England,
from corporate monopoly, bigotry, plunder and
abuse of every other kind. I have already shown
how insulting is the contrast between the cor-
porate Reforms of England and of Ireland; the
Union therefore is again, in this respect, « a li-
ving lie. »
In respect to the Municipal Reform; in rcs-
pect to the Elective Franchise; in respect to the
Representation in Parliament — but, above all
and before all, in respect to the accursed Tithe
System - the Union is « a living lie. »
The people of Ireland therefore demand the
Repeal of the Union and the restoration of their
domestic Parliament.
The precursor Association declared in the
name and with the assent of the Irish people,
that they might have consented to the conti-
nuance of the Union, if justice had been done
CONCLUSION.
93
them;
if the franchise had been simplified
and much extended-if the Corporations had
been reformed and continued — if the number
of Irish members had been augmented in a just
proportion — and if the tithe system had been
abolished and conscience left completely free.
But on the other hand, these just claims being
rejected these just demands being refused-
our just rights being withheld, the Irish people
are too numerous too wise, and too good, to
despair, or to hesitate on the course they should
adopt. The restoration of the national legislature
is therefore again insisted upon, and no com-
promise, no pause, no cessation of that demand
shall be allowed until Ireland is herself again.
One word to close. No honest man ever des-
paired of his country. No wise enemy will place
his reliance on the difficulties which may lie in
the way between seven millions of human beings
and that liberty which they feel to be their right.
FOR THEM Tuere can bE NO IMPOSSIBILITY.
I repeat it that as surely as to-morrow's
M
94
CONCLUSION.
sun will rise, Ireland will assert her rights for
herself, preserving the golden and unonerous
link of the crown-true to the principles of
unaffected and genuine allegiance, but determi-
ned, while she preserves her loyalty to the Bri-
tish throne, to vindicate her title to constitu-
tional freedom for the Irish people.
In short, Ireland demands that faction should
no longer be encouraged; that the Government
should be carried on for the Irish people, and
not against them. She is ready and desirous to
assist the Scotch and English reformers to ex-
tend their franchises and consolidate their rights
-but she has in vain insisted on being an
equal sharer in every political advantage. She
has vainly sought EQUALITY IDENTITY. She
has been refused-contemptously refused. Her
last demand is free from any alternative —
IT IS THE REPEAL!
A
-
A BRIEF
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
OF D. O'CONNELL
Esqre M. P.
A BRIEF
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Of D. O'CONNELL, Esqre M. P.
pre-
Daniel O'Connell - author of the
ceding pages, was born at Derrynane
Abbey, County of Kerry, Province of
Munster, Ireland, about the year 1774.
His Ancestors, who were of Milesian des-
cent, were chieflains of the O'Connell
Clans in Iveragh, and Clare. They ranked
high in the Councils of their Country
and their Achievements in arms still live
in Irish history
and may be learned
5
Sp
98
from the traditionary legend, a species
of Chronicle which has truth for its foun-
dation the theme of the wandering mi-
nistrel, and itinerant bard Characters
not yet obliterated from the green hills
of Erin. It is a fact that Cromwell the
Apollyon of the united Kingdom, feared
to introduce his impious footsteps within
the territorial possessions of this prin-
cely family, lest the sanguinary laurels,
won over the already too exhausted Irish
population might be forfeited in the
struggle with the O'Connell Clan.
Morgan O'Connell, father of the subject
of this memoir, passed a princely peaceful
life in the Castle of Derrynane, not more
distinguished for social and domestic vir-
tues, than for public munificence and
benevolence expanded into beneficence.
His seat afforded a noble specimen of
ㅜ
​99
Ancient Irish hospitality, where want met
relief, the stranger, a home, and the
friend a Companion. Though gone the
way of his fathers yet his memory still
lives in the minds of his grateful Coun-
trymen. He placed his son Daniel
at first St-Omers and subsequently at
Douai, in France, where he received that
liberal education, and imbibed those first
impressions, which have produced such
happy results. Thus Ireland's future
liberator received that intellectual vi-
gour, and mental strength under the
fostering wings of the French Eagle,
which he had never obtained from the
paws of the English Lion. —
t
Towards the close of the 18th Century,
the law was repealed that restricted Irish
Catholics from being admitted to the
bar. In consequence of this allevia-
100
tion, our Author entered a student of the
middle temple, and was called to the bar
in the year 1798. Alive to the disabilities
his Countrymen groaned under, from the
contracted, jealous, proselytizing laws of
England, laws,--that empowered an Apos-
tate son, professing Protestantism, to drive
from their homestead, and roof-tree, his
hoary Catholic father and brethren; laws,
-that legalized the protestant to demand
a horse or cow, or other property from
his Catholic neighbour at his own valua-
tion; laws, that forbade the Catholic to
have a Knife or fork in his house beyond
a certain size and these chained to the
table.
Feeling injuries and wrongs of
this odious complexion, O'Connell ente-
red on his political and bright career-
From that æra to the present, his time,
his talents, his fortune have been devoted
101
to the liberation of his Countrymen
Possessing eloquence of the first order-
legal acumen of the highest grade, quali-
ties that would have raised him to the
utmost point of his profession and
realized independence and wealth for his
family. All these are lost in the warmer
glow of patriotism and liberty for his na-
tive land.
Up to the year 1828, Irish Catholics
were prevented from representing their
native Country in the British Parliament.
In that year Daniel O'Connell was elected
for the town of Ennis, in the Country
Clare. In the face of established laws, and
apparently insurmountable obstacles he
declared to the freeholders of that place
« The law forbids you to send one Ca-
tholic to the British Parliament » What
of that? I am a Catholic, send me, let me
ܢܝܟܝܝܐ
102
>
be elected - the experiment was suc-
cessful he was elected - This election
being considered invalid from a special
elause in the Catholic relief-Bill His
constituents nominated and elected
a second time, and thus he threw open
the doors of the senate of the united King-
dom to his Catholic Countrymen.
As all important changes are attended
with considerable opposition,
it need
not be deemed wonderful that O'Connell
had many and powerful impediments to
meet and remove When the freehol-
ders of Clare elected him, and that elec-
tion seated their Hero-victim in the San-
hedrim of the nation, and caused Irc-
land's voice to be heard there. His oppo-
nents who were both powerful and in-
fluential, and first rate landed proprie-
tors, directed their hostility from the
W
M
K
103
productive fruitful tree to the roots that
upheld it they thought that by disa-
bling the supporters of O'Connell by pro-
secutions and other legal quirks and traps
- he and his whole body would finally
fall. To Counteract this manoeuvre
O'Connell originated the Catholic rent-
Viz a sous a head on every voluntary con-
tributor throughout Ireland. The vast sum
thus amassed enabled the prosecuted to
rise above the ordeal victorious, and
finally silenced those who like Virgil's
personnified winds;
•
Agmine facto
» Qua data porta ruunt et terras turbine perflant
» Una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis
» Africus >>
«
pangkala
Formerly when Ireland groaning under
oppression's iron grasp, resolved to shake
off the Yoke, and start from the trammels
of unjust bondage, she thought no plan
104
more effective than physical force-Con-
sequently she has partially united, revol-
ted, and bristled up in arms. Ireland jud-
ged that the brutal force, which deprived
her of her liberty and rights, was the
most honorable means of regaining them,
the only channel for venting her grief,
and expressing her dissatisfaction. Hence
the secret society, the midnight depreda-
tion, the associated Clan, and the open
revolt, all written, too frequently in
blood.
Upon this midnight of confusion, and
disorder, the star of O'Connell rose. It
threw its lights over the grounds of moral
duty; it showed the omnipotency of mo-
ral over physical force; it taught the
Irish thrallsman to grasp freedom by the
moral not the physical arm; to seek his
rights, not ley unconstitutional but by
105
constitutional means- - and he has trium-
phed, the sun of Irish liberty has broke
through the darkening Cloud Irish
freedom has again started into life, and
again raised her beaming eye to heaven.
True! the marks of the manacles are on
her still, and traces of tears are on her
Cheeks but the same master-mind, un-
nerved by the frosts of 70 years, guides
her destinies; nor-Should heaven permit,
will he cease till he has achieved her full
entire emancipation. And
(
-
مع
« Exegit monumentum ære perennius
Regalique situ pyramidum altius;
Quod non imber edax, non aquilo impotens
Possit diruere, aut innumerabilis
Annorum series, et fuga temporum. »
<<< He has rais'd a monument which surpass
The age of those that stand in solid brass;
That eminently tow'ring to the skies,
In height the royal pyramids outvies :
Greg
106
The force of boisterous winds and mould'ring rain,
¿
Years after years an everlasting train.
Shall ne'er destroy the glory of his name
Still shall he shine in verse and live in fame.
'J. H. WHELAN.
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Fenelon by Hawkesworth, 2 vol. 1836;
IRVING'S (Washington) Alhambra, 2 vol. pap. fin.
SKETCH BOOK, 2. vol.
SANDFORD and Merton, pap. fin.
INCHBALD'S Simple Story, 2 vol. pap. fin.
MILTON'S paradise lost, 2 vol. pap. fin.
SHERIDAN'S Select Dramatic Works.
MACKENZIE'S Man of feeling.
FOLLOWING (the) of Christ (l'Imitation de J.-C.),
by Challoner.
Dito- In vellum paper.
Con
Mar
ITALY Sketches by W. Beckford.
BYRON'S Select poetical works, thick vol.
BEAUTIES of Ancient English Poetry.
BEAUTIES of Modern Poetry.
NOUVEAU Cours de Thêmes anglais, ou exercices
gradués sur toutes les parties de la grammaire, etc.,
par Zehner, gros voľ.
VERGANI grammaire anglaise, simplifiée, édition
augmentée et contenant toutes les notes (intercallées),
in-18.
NOUVEAU MANUEL DE CONVERSATIONS An-
glais-Français, contenant 100 dialogues, d'après Per
rin, Poppleton, Bellenger, etc., modèles de lettres,
tableau des monnaies, poids et mesures, etc., in-18,
1837.
·
DAILY Companion (Journée du Chrétien en anglais),
in-32, 1840.
A MANUAL of devout catholic prayers, in-32, 1840,
EXTRAIT
GRAMMAIRE anglaise simplifiée et réduite en un
tableau synoptique, par M. S. Franck, in plano, 1841..
GRAGLIA'S New Pocket Italian and English dictio
nary, in-18, 2 vol. en 1. 1842.
DICTIONNAIRE anglais-français et français-anglais,
de Nugent, in-18, 2 vol. en 1.
GOLDSMITH'S History of England till 1828, abrid-
ged, gros in-12.
History of Rome abridged, in-12, 1839.
Dito - vellum paper, 1831.
History of Greece abridged, in-12, 1839.
EDGEWORTH'S, Forester, Moral Tale, in-18..
The Prussian vase, moral tale, in-18.
The Good aunt, moral tale, in-18,
Angelina, or l'amie inconnue, in-18.
The Good french governess, in-18.
Mlle Panache, moral tale, in–18.
The Knapsak, in-18, Paris, 1836..
BYRON'S, Lara, in-18.
The Giaour, in–18.
-
The Siege of Corinth, în-18.
The Bride of Abydos, in- 18.
Parisina, in-18.
Mazeppa and prisonner of Chillon, in-18.
SHERIDAN'S, The Rivals a comedy, in-18.
The School for scandal, a comedy, in-18.
Pizarro, a tragic play, ın-18, 1835.
TRAITÉ de prononciation de la langue anglaise, ou
Phonographie, au moyen d'une notation interlinéaire
de la prononciation du Rasselas de Johnson, anglais
et français, par Décrand, gros in-18, 1834.
DU CATALOGUE.
7
Livres Italiens.
DICTIONNAIRE italien-français et français-italien,
de Cormon et Mannı, avec la prononciation figurée des
deux langues; septième et belle édition, très-augmen-
tée; deux parties en un gros vol. grand in-8°, 1843.
DICTIONNAIRE italien-français et français-italien,
de Cormon et Manni, nouvelle édition, augmentée de
plus de dix mille mots, avec leur traduction et leurs
synonymes; in-16, deux vol. en un. Paris. 1843.
Séparément. SUPPLÉMENT aux éditions anté-
rieures à 1843 du Dict. italien-français et français-ita-
lien; in-16.
DICTIONNAIRE italien-espagnol et espagnol-ita-
lien, de Cormon et Manni, nouvelle et jolie édition,
revue, corrigée et augmentée d'un nombre considérable
de mots, par S. H. Blanc, in-16, deux vol. eu un, 1843.
ARTE della corrispondenza, o segretario spagnuolo
italiano, modelli di lettere familiari, mercantili ed
altre, tratti da' migliori autori, da S. H. Blanc, in-32,
1843.
MANUALE istruttivo e dilettevole italiano-spagnuolo,
o pezzi scelti delle opere in prosa ed in versi di autori
italiani e spagnuoli colle traduzioni a fronte, in-32, 1843..
PAOLO E VIRGINIA, trad. di Bernardin St-Pierre,
avec notes et l'accent - prosodique, in-18, vélin, 1837..
DIALOGUES Italiens-Français, par Morand, 3°
édit., revuc par Sforzosi, gros in-12, 1840.
DIALOGHI Italiani-Spagnuoli, con esercizi, pezzi
scelti de' migliori autori, e modelli di lettere familiari,
EXTRAIT
mercantili ed altre, in italiano e spagnuolo, in-12,
1843.
/
IMITAZIONE di Cristo, trad. da Cesari, con Rifles-
sioni, nouvelle édition avec les prières pour la messe,
les vêpres, etc., gros vol. in-32, 1841.
MANUEL de phrases familières et de dialogues élé-
mentaires, italien-français, extrait de Morand par S.
Ħ. Blanc, in-32, 1840.
NUOVO SEGRETARIO Italiano, o Modelli di lettere
e scritture mercantili, di lettere familiari ed altre, tratţi
da' migliori autori, da S. H. B., in-32, 1843.
SOAVE Novelle Morali, colle novelle coronate, e le
aggiunte, in–18, 2. vol., gros caractère, Parigi, 1843.
TESORETTO del Parnaso italiano ossia poesie scelte
di autori italiani colla traḍuzione dell' arte poetica di
Orazio, in-32, 1843.
VITE d'illustri Italiani, descritte da F. Benedetti di
Cortona, 1 beau vol. in-8, 1842.
GRAMATICA italiana al uso de los Españoles, etc…,
in-12, 1843.
SILVIO PELLICO LE MIE PRIGIONI, in-18, 1840.
I Doveri degli Uomini, in-18, 1834.
LETTERE d'una Peruviana, trad. di Deodati, coll'
accento, in-18, pap. fin. Parigi. 1835.
K
LETTRES d'une Péruvienne, par Graffigny, italien-
français; trad. de Deodati, 2 vol. in-18, 1834.
BOTTA (Carlo). Compendio della storia d'Italia dal
1534 sino al 1814; diviso in due serie, dall' awocato-
Cometti, in-12, 4 vol. Paris, 1835-1836.
GOLDSMITH, Compendio della storia romana e
:
DU CATALOGUE.
9
della storia greca, recata in italiano da Villardi, 2`vol.
in-12, portraits, 1833.
GIARDINO di divozione, gros in-32, vélin, 1841.
ORARIO spirituale, in-32, vélin, 1841.
PRESENTE spirituale, orazioni e preghiere, in-32,
vél., 1841.
VISITE al SS. Sacramento ed alla B. V. M. con
molte altre preghiere, in-18, 1839, vélin.
Livres espagnols.
ARTE de la correspondencia en italiano y espanol;
modelos de cartas de varios asuntos comprendiendo
tambien modelos. para toda especie de operaciones
mercantiles, etc., obra formada sobre los mejores au-
tores por S. H. Blanc, in-32, 1843.
BELLEZAS de la historia de la conquista de Méjico,
por Solis, in-18, 1837.
De la historia de Gil Blas, in-18, 1837.
Del Don Quijote de la Mancha, por Cervantes,
in-18, 1837.
K
De Poesias Castellanas, in-18, 1837.
CERVANTES Novelas ejemplares, in-18, 2 vol.,
Paris, 1825.
COLECCION espanola de piezas en prosa y en ver-
sos, sacudidas de varios autores espanoles, por J. L.
B. C., revista y aument, por S. H. B., 4º édit., 2 vol.
in-18, Paris, 1837.
DIALOGOS espanoles-italianos, con ejercicios y
traducciones de piezas sacudidas de los mejores autores,
10
EXTRAIT
cartas de comercio, familiares y otras en italiano y
castellano, etc., in-12, 1843.
r
DIALOGUES classiques, espagnols et français, par
Pla et Morand, gros in-12 à 2 col., Paris, 1827.
DICCIONARIO de la lengua castellana, compen-
diado por Pla, très-gros in-12, nompareille de Didot,
beau papier fin. Paris, 1837.
DON QUIJOTE de la Mancha, por Cervantes, in-18,
6 vol. Papier fin., avec 25 jolies fig. Paris, 1827.
Même livre et même édition, beau papier vél.
d'Annonay.'
GRAMATICA (nueva) italiana, al uso de los Es-
panoles, con dialogos, cartas familiares, y piezas, en
italiano y espanol, in-12, 1843.
IMITACION de Cristo, in-18, fig.
JUVENTUD ilustrada o las virtudes y los vicios,
trad. de Dufresnoy, por Alea, in-18, Paris, 1827.
MAITRE d'espagnol, ou grammaire de la langue
espagnole, à l'usage des Français, par Cormon;
9e édition augmentée de THÊMES, de dialogues et
d'exercices, et mise dans un meilleur ordre par S. H.
Blanc, in-12, 1843.
MANUAL instructivo e divertido espanol-italiano
è coleccion de piezas en proza y en versos, sacudidas
de autores italianos y castellanos con la 'traduccion en
frente, in-32, 1843.
MASSILLON Pequena Cuaresma ò Sermones, trad.
por Bustamente, in-12. Paris, 1827.
MORATIN el si de las ninas, in-18, 1837.
QUINTANA, Vidas de algunos Espanoles celebres,
in-12, 2 vol. Paris, 1827.
DU CATALOGUE.
11
Vida del gran capitan Gonzalo de Cordoba, in-12,
1827.
ROBINSON (el nuevo), por Campe, trad por Yriarte,
3 vol. in-18, 6 fig. et une carte. Paris, 1823.
SECRETARIO (nuevo) espanol, ô modelos de car-
tas de varios asuntos comprendiendo tambien modelos
de cartas de comercio, etc., formado sobre los mejo-
res autores por S. H. Blanc, in-32. 1843.
Solis. Conquista de Méjico, poblacion y progresos de
la América Setent, in-18, 5 vol. Paris, 1827.
TESORO del Parnaso espanol, ô coleccion de piezas
de los mejores autores espanoles, comprendiendo la
leccion poética de Moratin y la traduccion de Burgos
-del arte poético de Horacio , por S. H. B., in-32
1843.
?
VIDA y aventuras de un Faccioso, in-18, vélin. Ma-
drid. 1834.
YRIARTE, fabulas literarias, in-18.
GRADUS ad Parnassum, Latino - Hispanicus, sive
bibliotheca musarum, vel novus synonymorum, epi-
thetorum, phrasium poeticarum, ac versuum thesau-
rus; edit. noviss, aucta et emendata, et cum nova hisp.
ortographia; in-8, 2 tom. Parisiis. 1834.
ASSORTIMENT considérable de livres en langues
étrangères, de livres latins, grecs, etc.
**
:
be w
L'IRLANDE et les Irlandais, mémoire de Daniel O' Con
P. Traduit de l'Anglais et suivi de quelques notes
teur et les institutions irlandaises, par M. G. de Coute
vol. petit in-8, beau papier vélin, 1843.
ANALYSE de trois lettres du Chevalier portugais ***
•
er
question de la succession au trône du Portugal de S.
Miguel 1°, sur la vie de ce roi et sur l'histoire de
nière guerre civile en Portugal; in-8, 1843.
Beautiful Editions polyglottes.
VIRGILE, ANACRÉON, HORACE, IMITATION de N. S.
4 Vol. grand in-8.
OEUVRES complètes de Virgile et Horace, avec les tex
regard; trad. en vers par Delille et Tissot, pour
le; - en prose, par Monfalcon; et en vers, par Delo
Wailly, Daru, Ragon, Halevy, etc., pour Horace
cordance des textes, etc.; grand in-8 à deux co
à très petit nombre.
ÉTUDE DES FLEURS, botanique élémentaire, desc
usuelle, simplifiée, pour la jeunesse et les familles,
lytique, explication des termes techniques, dictio
étymologique des plantes, leur histoire, leur cult
propriétés nutritives, vénéneuses, pharmaceutiqu
usuelles, par Lud. Chirat, professeur d'histoire natu
2 très gros vol. in-18, ornés de 150 fig. en plusieurs
ches. 1841-45.
GRÈCE ET ITALIE, enfance, progrès, déclin et renais
de la statuaire et de la peinture; 2 vol. in-8, papier
Paris, 1842.
PARNASO classico italiano, contenente Dante, Petrarca
to e Tasso, con indici; 1 vol. in-18, portrait.
DICTIONNAIRE italien-français et francais-italien, deco
et Manni, avec la prononciation figurée des deux
septième et belle édition, très augmentée; deux part
un gros vol. grand in-8, 1843.
✓
DICTIONNAIRE italien-français et français-italien, abré
Cormon et Manni; nouvelle édition, augmentée de pli
dix mille mots, avec leur traduction et leurs synony
in-16, deux vol. en un. Paris. 1843.
DICTIONNAIRE italien-espagnol et espagnol italien; nou
édition entièrement refondue et considérablement aug
tée, par S. H. B.; in-1 6, deux vol. en un, 1845.
DICTIONNAIRE italien-anglais et anglais-italien de Gragli
·
18, deux vol. en un, 1842.
PSAUMES (les) traduction nouvelle sur le texte hébreu, pa
S. Franck; gros in-18, vélin, 1843.
Printed by J.-M. BAJAT, Trois-Rois street)
La Guillotière.
1
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