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The trained library worker has a large field, much broader and more varied than might be imagined. The general reader thinks of the public library and the young women who serve him there as the representatives of the library profession. The public library with its many activities, its various forms of service, and its wide extension system does form an important part of the library field. Most towns have good public libraries and most large cities have a complex library system with branches and de- livery stations, county service; hospital service, school service and service to employes of large business concerns. g - But the public library does not Cºl. the field of library work. There are the high school libraries which require trained service and this work will increase as more high schools feel the necessity of a well developed and well administered library. There are the college libraries, splendid scholarly collections with a large staff of trained workers and a system of departmental libraries. There are the state libraries and those of historical and other learned societies. There are libraries also in newspaper offices and librarians in bookstores. A very interesting field has developed in connection with manufacturing concerns, which accumulate under the direction of trained librarians all of the printed matter related to the business to form a special library. Such libraries as the Engineer- ing Library of the Western Electric Company or that of the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company 2 of Akron or the National City Financial library of New York City, and many similar ones offer fields for specialized work. A glance through the membership of the American Library Association reveals a surpris- ing breadth of library activity. Wherever a col- lection of books is to be used intelligently and systematically, either by the general public or special groups, some one who knows how to use books as tools must be in charge. The local field in Minneapolis is represented by the public library with its seventeen branches and its extension system of travelling and county libraries, and by the state university library with its many departmental libraries. Besides these there the high school and private school º And in the immediate vicinity are the St. P public library, the State Historical library, the Hill reference library, the State library, the Library Division of the state depart- ment of education, and several college libraries. ‘. Every year there are many library vacancies here in the Twin Cities, and every year trained people are scarce. The library profession has never been overcrowded. Librarians feel that it is necessary to recruit for candidates for the library schools and to urge students with the right qualifications to prepare for the profession. Everywhere the demand for trained workers far exceeds the supply? During the war many librarians were taken into business positions and government offices because of their special edu- cation and training. Library schools were de- pleted and have not been able to catch up with the demand. The camp libraries throughout America and Europe taught many young men to use books, and they have brought their 3 acquired library habits home with them to in- crease the demand for good library service. Many large libraries are now employing clerical as- sistants and untrained persons in positions where they would gladly employ trained librarians if they could get them. - PREPARATION. The library is an educational institution; the greater part of its work is closely linked with formal education or with the continuation of education through self effort. The librarian must therefore be an educated person, for her duties are not merely those of guardianship and care- taker, but of research worker, cataloguer, bibli- ographer, intelligent adviser and gracious guide to the contents of books. Nothing less than a college course is sufficient for the librarian who wishes to rise in the profession, and a college course which has been as broad in its scope as possible. Preferably a good foundation of his- tory, literature and languages should be laid. Moreover the library is the one public institution concerned with adult education which is charged with the duty of creating a more intelligent citizenship. It cannot function as a great con- tinuation school unless its teaching staff, which is its body of trained librarians, be a group of educated people. But education is not sº has become a profession. Methods have been devel- oped just as methods have been developed in the teaching profession. These methods are now taught in thirteen different standardized library schools throughout the country. Some of these schools are departments in universities such as 4 the ones connected with Illinois University and Western Reserve University, and others are carried on in connection with large libraries such as the one in the New York Public Library or the one in the St. Louis Public Library. There is no library school nearer to the Twin Cities than the one at Madison, Wisconsin, and it is very desirable that a library school be established in connection with the University of Minnesota, so that our own college graduates can take a library course at home. A determined effort is being made by the local librarians to bring about the establishment of such a course in the near future. Training in professional methods is almost as necessary to a successful library career as is a college education, and the libraries of the Twin Cities will be at a disad- vantage until our state university adds a library course to its curriculum. PERSONAL QUALIFICATIONS. Important as education and training are, the personality of the librarian is even more vital. The library deals with two important factors, books and people, the more important being people. There is no place in the modern library for the person who does not like people. En- thusiasm for service is as essential as training. There is no profession which calls for more ideal- ism and self effacement. Many applicants say to a librarian, “I know I should just love library work; I have always loved to read,” and the librarian must answer, “But you have little time to read in a library; your task will be to help other people to find what they would like to read.” Love of reading and literary appreciation are important and necessary, but so also is an in- 5 telligent understanding of other people's opin- ions and tastes. The library is the most democratic and un- biased institution ever devised; nothing human is foreign to it, and it is fatal for a librarian to be narrow-minded or opinionated. People are many-sided and have many opposing views. The library is the laboratory for all phases of opinion to which every citizen has the right to come for assistance. The librarian must have the type of mind which can forget personal bias and can, interest itself in serving impartially any person who seeks information. Open-mindedness, sym- pathy with every one's mental needs, enthusiasm, vigor and health are splendid assets to any per- son who hopes for success in library work. .. VARIETY OF POSITIONS. 0. There is the greatest diversity Jof work in every library, and positions fitted to almost every temperament. They range from scholarly research work in a highly specialized library to the social service work over the desk of a public library branch in a foreign district. A large public library offers a wide choice of positions which may be roughly divided into two classes—positions which bring the librarian di- rectly into contact with the public, and positions concerned with the selection and preparation of books. There is the general lending department which serves the great mass of general readers. There is the work with children which includes story telling and co-operation with the schools. There is the reference department where librar- ians are engaged in answering requests for every kind of information. Special departments af- 6 ford positions to librarians who are interested in the literature of art and of music, or who like the complexity of government documents, or who enjoy serving engineers, mechanics and chemists with their technical and scientific literature. The modern library does much extension work with the employes in factories, telephone ex- changes and business houses; with hospitals; with new Americans, and with the county through village and rural libraries. Administra- tive ability is required in organizing these vari- ous departments of work and in developing branch libraries. All these offer fields for as- sistants with executive ability and vision. Behind the scenes, there are many interesting positions. Books must be selected carefully from publishers’ lists and book reviews. They must be classified and given an individual shelf number and be thoroughly indexed and catalogued so that they can be readily found by any patron or assistant. Selected lists and bibliographies are made to assist readers. Book ordering and ac- counting must be done, and statistics and rec- ords must be kept. If one does not care for the public service positions there are very in- teresting and absorbing phases of work in the cataloguing and book-ordering departments. ,3ALARMES. P. Salaries for librarians have grown steadily better since the war, and compare favorably with those of the teaching professi No worker in educational fields can yet expect the financial rec- ompense of commercial positions. But there is adequate salary and chance for promotion in the library field and there is opportunity in addition for continual personal growth and development, and unlimited opportunity for service. 7 f JNIV. of Michi. 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