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C O N T E N T S.
Development of steam-carrying power on land and Sea, 1800 to 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 1. Area, population, and railway mileage of the world:
Europe------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
North and South America.----------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asia--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Africa-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Australia and Oceania ------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recapitulation.---------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------ - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Table 2. Estimated cost of construction or capital cost of principal railways in the world:
Europe-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All other countries----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. -
Table 3. Miles of railroads in the United States and annual increase of mileage, 1832–1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 4. Merchant marine of the United States, years ended June 30, 1906–1908 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 5. Tonnage of the sailing and steam vessels of the merchant marine of the United States, 1855–1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 6. Net and gross tonnage of steam and Sailing vessels of over 100 tons of the several countries of the world. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 7. Statement of the tonnage of principal countries (from Return on Progress of British Shipping for 1906), based on official
returns, calendar years 1850–1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Table 8. Growth of the vessel-tonnage movement at the principal ports of the world . . . . . ---------------------------------------
Europe --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
North and South America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * - * * - - -----------------------------------------------------
Asia -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Africa ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oceania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * - * * * - sº sº º sº ºn a - * * * - * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - -
Table 9. Annual average freight rates: -
Average rates per bushel of wheat by lake, canal, and rail, from Chicago to New York, and from New York to Liverpool, by
Steam, 1863–1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rates and tolls on wheat from Buffalo to New York, and elevating and storage rates at Buffalo, 1871–1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average rates on provisions, etc. (per 100 pounds), Chicago to European ports, all rail to seaboard, thence by steamers, calendar
years 1895–1908 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----------------
Average rates on grain and flour from St. Louis to various points, 1881–1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 10. Mean yearly ocean freight rates on certain classes of goods carried by steamships from New York to Liverpool, calendar
years 1884–1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------------------------
Table 11. World’s development of carrying power, production, and commerce, 1800–1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 12. Foreign commerce of the principal ports of the world... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 13. Distances from New York, New Orleans, San Francisco, and Port Townsend to the principal ports of the world and the
principal cities of the United States.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Map, “Transportation Routes of the World” (published separately).
Tº ſix ſex is a
§§354345
-**-*-* AL; § {}
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12
14
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24



TRANSPORTATION ROUTES ANI) SYSTEMS OF T
,”
- Z.
**
DEVELOPMENT OF STEAM-CARRYING POWER ON LAND AND SEA,
The accompanying map, entitled “Transportation Routes of the World,” is intº
eye view of the great land and water transportation routes of the world. Many m
on the ocean have been published, also many maps showing the railways of the princi'
any attempts have been made to show even in outline in a single map the great tra
systems of the entire world. This map, prepared in the Bureau of Statistics of the Del
and Labor, it is hoped, will serve the purpose of presenting in outline a combination of theº
land and water routes found only in separate form in other publications. It is not the intention tº
any elaborate discussion of transportation routes, methods, or systems, but simply to outline in this
form the great highways of commerce by land and sea in combination. This seems especially app.
this time, when the land and water transportation systems of the world are offering facilities by
producer or merchant in the interior of one continent may ship his merchandise from his own door
the consignee in the far interior of another continent upon a through bill of lading, and therefore wi
edge of the cost of transportation from his own establishment to that of the consignee, and an assura
the through freights shipped in this manner will pass promptly from the land vehicle to that of the oc
again from that of the ocean to that of the land.
The development of the systems of transportation which now place the producer in the interior of one
continent in direct communication with the consumer in the interior of another continent is a product of a
comparatively few years. Within the lifetime of men and women now living the world had not a single mile
of railway or a single steamship crossing the ocean. To-day the world has on land 595,841 miles of railway,
and on the ocean 5 million net tons of Sail-carrying power and over 22 million net tons of steam-carrying power.
At the beginning of the last century the sail-carrying power aggregated 4 million tons; steam-carrying power
on the ocean did not exist, nor did railways on land exist. By the middle of the century sail-carryirg power
on the ocean was more than 11 million tons, the steam-carrying power on the Ocean was less than 1 million
tons, and the railways on land were but 24,000 miles. By 1880 sail power on the ocean had reached 14% million
tons, steam power about 6 million tons, and railways on land 225,000 miles. From that time forward steam
power on the ocean so rapidly took the place of sail that in 1908, as stated above, sailing vessels on the ocean
aggregated but 5 million tons carrying power, while steam vessels had an aggregate tonnage of 22 million tons,
and railways an aggregate of 595,841 miles in length, of which 229,951 miles, or about two-fifths of the total,
are in the United States. The wonderful effect on commerce of this increase of transportation power on land
and ocean is shown in the fact that the international commerce of the world has grown from less than 2 billion
dollars in 1800 to over 26 billions in 1906. Under the newly created transportation systems of the last century,
which have developed the interior of continents and made merchantable many commodities which formerly
would not bear the cost of transportation, the international commerce of the world is to-day about fifteen
times as much as at the beginning of last century, while the world's population is but two and one-half times
as much as at that time, the commerce of the world's population, as a whole, having thus grown from less than
$2.50 per capita in 1800 to over $16 per capita at the present time.
The brief series of tables presented here with attempts to show in condensed form a picture of the growth
of transportation facilities and facilities for intercommunication on land and ocean from 1800 to the present
time, the growth of commerce which accompanied that development, and the growth in production of a few
of the more important articles of, or related to, commerce. With these are also presented tables showing the
number of miles of railway in each country and the estimated cost thereof, the number of steam and sail vessels
owned in each of the principal countries, the growth of the vessel movement at the principal ports of the world
during the last decade, and the growth of the land and water transportation systems of the United States dur-
ing a long term of years.
70979–09—2 *-- 5
an, an


















ORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
&EA, POPULATION, AND RAILWAY MILEAGE OF THE WORLD."
EDTUTER, OFIHD.
RAILWAY MILEAGE.b RAILWAY MILEAGE. b
20pula- w - - Popula- *
tº lºº, º 'º' ºn COUNTRY. * | * | *, *, ºn
year age ||... . year age. ...|}.
Sq. miles.
32,557,000 1908 36,686 175.7 5.9 || Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,038 5,423,000 | 1908 1,690 46.9 3. 1
49,965,000 | 1908 25,852 107.1 5. 2 || Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,300 2,645,000 1908 2, 141 139.4 8. I
Pi;313,000 1908 || 23,084 190.6 5. 2 || Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124, 130 2,330,000 1908 1,607 12.9 (). ()
9,300,000 | 1908 29,716 143.5 7.6 || Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172,876 5,378,000 | 1908 || 8,321 48.1 15.5
27, 590,000 190S 36,279 17. 1 2.8 Servià... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,630 || 2,784,000 | 1908 379 || 32.7 1. 4
- y Roumania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,700 6,684,000 100S 1,995 39.3 3. ()
910,000 | 1908 10,312 93.2 3. 4 i Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,014 2,632,000 1908 771 30.8 2.9
318,000 1908 2,913 256. 1 3.9 || Turkey, lºuropean . . . . . . . . . . 65,350 6, 130,000 | 1908 973 14.8 1.6
, 747,000 | 1908 1,912 244.8 3.3 || Bulgaria.................... 38,080 4,036,000 1908 995 26, 1 2.
237,000 | 190S 318 318.6 13.4 || Malta, Jersey, and Man . . . . . 380 314,000 1908 68 174.8 2.
70 3,525,000 | 1908 2,763 172.9 7.8 p-v º *
'83 19,713,000 | 1908 || 9,227 47.4 4. 7 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,793,744 432, 430,000 . . . . . . 197,381 52.0 4, 6
|
INT OF THI A NID SOTUTEU AIMIE ERIC A.
- - - - - - - * * * * 2,429, 456 85, 532,000 |clg()7 |229,951 94.7 26.9 colombia.…. 465,714 4, 142,000 1907 440 1. () 1. 1
- - - - - - - - - - * * 590,884 86,000 c1907 146 .2 17.0 || Venezuela................... 593,940 2,647,000 1906 634 1. 1 2.4
- - - - - - - « º ºs & º 3,745,574 5, 984,000 1907 22,452 6.0 37.5 || British Guiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,277 300,000 1907 176 1.9 5.9
- - - - - - * * * * * * 42,734 229,000 | 1907 656 15.4 28.6 || Dutch Guiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,845 78,000 1907 (35 1. 3 S. 3
- - - - - - - * * * * * 767,005 || 13,607,000 1908 14, 181 i 18, 5 10.4 || Ecuador. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,670 1,272,000 1908 324 . 3 2, 5
- - - - - - - - - * * * 206,249 4,710,000 1907 | 1,392 6, 7 3.0 || Peru. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S3,322 4,560,000 1908 1,338 1.9 2.9
- - - - - - - - - * * * 44,164 2,049,000 1908 2,330 35.0 11.4 || Bolivia....................., 568,000 1,354,000 1907 701 1.2 3.6
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 18,755 416,000 1907 117 6. 2 2.8 || Brazil....................... 3,301,000 17,400,000 1907 10,774 3.3 6.2
- - - - - - - - * * * * * * * 11,071 1,500,000 1906 140 | 12.6 .9 || Paraguay................... 97,722 (31,000 ions is: 1.0 2.4
* = -* - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * 4, 210 830,000 1907 185 43.9 2.2 || Uruguay...................., 72,172 | 1, 103,000 1907 1,220 16.9 11.1
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -, * * 3, 435 | 1,050,000 1907 200 58.2 1.9 || Chile........................ 293,050 3,250,000 1907 3,200 11.2 i 10.1
381 207,000 | 1907 139 364. S 6, 7 || Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,083,553 5,975,000 1908 13,464 12.4 22.5
• * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * 166 196,000 1907 2S 168. 7 1. 4 r H. * * * * * ––.
- - - - - * * 1,868 327,000 1907 176 94.2 5. 4 Total…ſº 280,223 |160,035,000 … we 19.9 19. ()
A S.I.A.
British India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,087, 124 (231,856,000 | 1908 30,206 27. S 1. 3 China (including Man-
Ceylon.-------------. . . . . . . . 25,332 3,985,000 | 1907 562 22.2 1.4 churia). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 1,896,030 |454,214,000 1906 3,746 2.0 0.1
StraitS SettleſſlentS . . . . . . . . . 1,600 612,000 | 1907 15 9.4 .2 Korea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,420 9,782,000 1906 6SS 8. 1 ... 7
Asia Minor ana Syria d. . . . . . 697, 190 17,921,000 1907 2,930 4.2 1.6 Siant----------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212, 200 | 6,687,000 1907 54S 2. 6 . 8
Russia in Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,207,662 21 796,000 1907 7,746 1.2 3.6 French possessions in India. -
Persia............ - - - - - - - - - - 628,000 || 9,000,000 1906 34 . 1 .03 and Indo-China.......... 256,448 16, 132,000 1908 729 2. S . 5
Dutch East Indies. . . . . . . . . . 739, 545 38,938,000 1907 2,472 3.3 .6 || British possessions in Asia,
Japan. -----------. . . . . . . . . . 145,024 48,215,000 1907 4,808 33.2 1.0 | D. G. S - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 99, 510 | 1,541,000 1906 572 5. 7 3. 7
Formosa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,807 3,044,000 1907 200 18.8 .9 ; * - ºn rº tº *
Portuguese possessions in - ſ Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 102,864 834,619,000 ...... l 55,367 4. 6 ... 6
Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sº sº,000 100, 51 5.7 .6 || i
A FERIC A.
Egypt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,333,900 13,272,000 1907 || 3,503 2.6 2. 6 Northern and Southern |
Algeria and Tunis. . . . . . . . . . 408,263 7,130,000 1907 2,702 6.6 3. 8 Nigeria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333,660 14,000,000 1907 212 ... 6 (). 2
Belgian Kongo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 920,000 (20,000,000 1907 428 . 5 .2 Mauritius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840 382,000 1907 120 142.9 3. 1
Abyssinia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e 200,000 € 10,000,000 1907 192 .9 . 2 Nyasaland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,980 927,000 1907 7() 1. 7 . S
Colony of the Cape of Good | : : | German Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931,622 c 11,682,000 1908 1,145 1. 2 1. ()
Hope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276,990 2,508,000 1908 3,715 13.4 14.8 French colonies in Africa,
Natal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,370 1, 152,000 1907 S88 25.1 7.7 n. e. s.ſ................... 3,535,639 16, 120,000 1908 1,238 ... 4 ... 8
Transvaal and Orange . . . . . . 168, 120 c 1,743,000 1907 | 1,980 11. S 11.4 Italian possessions in Africa. 50,000 300,000 1907 76 1.5 2.5
Rhodesia- - - - - - -- . . . . . . . . . . . 435,000 c 1,500,000 1907 2, 141 4.9 14.3 Portuguese Africa g . . . . . . . . . 784,000 6, 100,000 1907 702 .9 1.2
British East Africa. . . . . . . . . 175,590 4,000,000 | 1907 584 3.3 1.5 - ! —
Sierra Leone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,000 | 1,027,000 | 1907 227 7.6 2.2 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,7928, 1850,000..... 20,001 || 2 | | 1.8
Gold Coast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,260 | 1,697,000 | 1907 | 168 | 1.4 .9
a The data for this table were taken mainly from the official publications of the respective countries. Cost and capitalization of some of the principal British colonial rail-
ways are those given in the British Board of Trade publications “Railways, Foreign Countries and British Possessions” [331, 1907) and “Railways in British Protectorates,
Leased Territories, and Colonies—Not Possessing Responsible Government ’’ [336, 1907].
by the French ministry of public works.
b Includes figures of single track only. In case a line consists of more than one track no account is taken of the length of additional tracks.
c Year ended June 30.
d Including Cyprus.
e Estimate.
Mileage figures for the European countries are those published at the end of 1908
f Senegal, 164 miles; Soudan, 345 miles; Guinea, 137 miles; Ivory Coast, 51 miles; Dahomey, 166 miles; Somali Coast, 193 miles; Reunion, 78 miles; Madagascar, 104 miles.
9 Angola, 337 miles; Mozambique, 365 miles.











TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
AUSTRALIA AND OCEANIA.
Table 1–AREA, POPULATION, AND RAILWAY MILEAGE OF THE WORLD-Continued.


FAILWAY MILEAGE.0, RAILWAY MILEAGE.0%
es Popula- Per
COUNTRY. Area. | Pºpula £º, Per COUNTRY. Area. | “... cal- || Total | tº |. Fº
- tion. Cal- || Total 1,000 10,000 • & º 10,000
endar mile- º popu. º º: º popu-
Sq. miles. Sq. miles. - - - - -
Victoria--------------------- 87,884 1,236,900 1907 || 3,396 || 38.6 27. 5 || New Zealand. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 104,751 900,918 1907 || 2,571 24.5 28.5
New South Wales - - - - - - - - - - - 310,372 | 1,550,930 | 1907 || 3,534 11.4 22.9 || Hawaiian Islands. . . . . . . . . . . 6,449 199,000 | 1908 200 || 31.0 | 10.1
South Australia. . . . . . . . ----. 380,070 383,425 | 1907 | 1,866 4.9 || 48.7 || Philippine Islands. . . . . . . . . . 115,000 || 7,635,000 1908 292 2.5 ... 4
Northern Territory. ... . . . . . . 523,620 3,570 | 1907 145 . 3 | 406. 2 Total Australia and
Western Australia. --------- 975,920 264,260 | 1907 2,459 2.5 93.1 Oceania------------- 3,200,781 | 12,893, 160 |... . . . 18,321 5.7 14. 2
Queensland. ---------------- 670,500 542,348 || 1907 || 3,240 4.8 59.7 t - -
Tasmania------------------- 26,215 176,809 | 1907 618 23.6 35.0
Total Australia. - - - - - - 2,974, 581 4, 158,242 |...... 15,258 5. 1 || 36.7
ERECALIPITULATION.
Europe--------------------- 3,793,744 432,430,000 | 1908 |197,381 52.0 4.6 || Australia and Oceania.-------| 3,200,781 | 12,893, 160 |. . . . . . 18,321 5. 7 || 14.2
North and South America. .15, 280,223 |160,035,000 |- - - - - - 304,681 19.9 19. 0
Asia------------------------ 12, 102,864 |864,619,000 |... . . . 55,367 4.6 .6 Total-----------------|-----------|------------|------ 595,841 --------|-------
Africa----------------------- 9,779,234 |113,540,000 |- - - - - - 20,091 2. 1 1.8


Table 2, ESTIMATED COST OF CONSTRUCTION
a See note b on preceding page.
OR CAPITAL cost OF PRINCIPAL RAILWAYS IN THE
WORLD,
[NOTE.-The cost of construction or capital cost of railways can not be given for the railways of all countries. In calculating the total cost of all railways the average
cost figures stated in the last column might be used as a basis of Calculation. Applying the figures of average capital outlay per mile in the leading countries of the world
to the mileage figures of those countries for which no figures of capitalization are available we find that the total capital invested in the railroads of the world at the present
time approximates fifty thousand million dollars..]
EUTER OPEC.
COUNTRY. year. º Cºor º COUNTRY. year | #, Cºor º
& per mile. e gº per mile.
- Miles. | 1,000 dolls. Dollars. Miles. | 1,000 dolls. Dollars.
Germany------------------------------ 1906 34, 146 3,717,560 108,872 || Norway................................ 1906–7 1,396 57, 193 40,969
Austria-------------------------------- 1906 13,418 1,495,211 || 111,433 || Portugal c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 540 37,245 69,972
Hungary------------------------------- 1906 11,609 737,283 63,510 || Sweden:
Belgium (state railways) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1906 2,512 432,756 172,275 State railways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 2,609 121,642 46,624
Netherlands (state railways) -- - - - - - - - - - 1905 1,050 146,623 139,641 Private railwayS.----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1904 5, 180 126,403 24, 402
France--------------------------------- 1905 24,703 3,391, 118 137,276 || Italy (state railways) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 8,699 1,103,267 126,827
Switzerland: Roumania----------------------------- 1906–7 1,977 172,140 | 87,071
State railways b.................... 1907 1,498 222,330 148,418 || Servia (state railways) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905. 379 24,326 64, 184
Total railways b ................... 1905 2,646 300, 757 113,665 || Bulgaria (state railways) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 751 30,464 40, 565
United Kingdom. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1907 23, 108 6,298,258 272,557 || Spain---------------------------------- 1905 8,451 502,831 59,500
Russia, European: Denmark (state railways) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906–7 1, 194 56,482 47,305
State railways. --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1905 18,417 1,695,798 92,078 -
Private railways------------------. 1905 || 11,242 853, 168 || 75,891 Total.----------------------------|-------- 175,920 21,364,262 | 121,440
Finland-------------------------------- 1905 1,893 63,737 33,680

a See note b on preceding page.
b Not included in total.
c Includes data for the principal government lines—South-Southeastern, 334 miles, and the Ninho and Douro, 206 miles.
8
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
Table 2–ESTIMATED COST OF CONSTRUCTION OR CAPITAL COST OF PRINCIPAL RAILWAYS IN THE
WORLD-Continued.
_A_LI, OTHIEER, COUNTIERIES.
Capital Capital
• COUNTRY. year. #. Cºor ##. COUNTRY. Year. ſº | Cºlor ºil.
Miles. | 1,000 dolls. Dollars. Miles. | 1,000 dolls. Dollars.
United States.............. ---...------ 1907 215,380 b 16,082,147 74,609 || Uganda-------------------------------- 1906 584 26,273 44,988
Canada.-------------------------------- 1907 22,452 1,285,012 57,234 || Sierra Leone.--------------------------- 1905 226 4,837 21,403
Mexico"------------------------------- 1907 6,489. 484,698 74,695 || Rhodesia------------------------------ 1906 1,440 36,312 25,217
Costa Rica.----------------------------- 1906 60 4,016 66,933 || Mauritius------------------------------ 1905 130 6,937 53,362
Jamaica-------------------------------- 1906 184 12,133 65,940 -- g
Trinidad.------------------------------ 1906 81% 4.383 || 55,779 || Commonwealth of Australia:
Argentina....... ----------------------- 1906 | 12,833 670,966 52,284 || Government roads- .
Brazil (Central R. R. Only). . . . . . . . . . . . 1904 1,004 58,968 58,733 Victoria---------------------------- 1907 3,396 202,121 || 59,542
British Guiana-...---------------------- 1905 94 3,415 36,330 New South Wales.................. 1907 3,453 217, 534 62,997
Venezuela------------------------------ 1904 533 37,828 70,972 South Australia tº e º ºs. º sº * * * * * * * * = * * * * = 1907 1,832 66,666 36,455
British India--------------------------- 1907 30,010 1,292,645 43,074 Northern Territory................ 1907 145% 5,744 39,501
Dutch East Indies. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1906 1,510 85,810 || 56,828 Queensland. ----------------------- 1907 3, 137 106,280 33,881
Japan: - Tasmania-------------------------- 1907 462% 19, 190 41,448
State railways. -----------...-----. 1905–6 1,766 87,099 || 49,320 Western Australia. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1907 1,764 50,130 28.4%
Private railways- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1905–6 3,248 125,893 38,760 Total government roads... . . . . . . . 1907 || 14, 190 667,665 || 47,054
Ceylon (state railways). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 562 23,095 41,094 Private roads------------------------ 1905–6 1,067% 22,279 20,871
Siam----------------------------------- 1906 357 11,421 31,992
Algeria and Tunis................ - - - - - - 1905 2,500 135,772 54,309 Total Australian. ................ 1906–7 | 15,257% 689,944 45,220
Cape Colony--------------------------- 1907 3,254 155,335 47,737 e
Natal.---------------------------------- 1907 879 65,876 74,944 New Zealand--------------------------|-------- 2,458 114,384 46,572
Gold Coast.---------------------------- 1905 168 8,671 || 51,613 Total.----------------------------|-------- 323,646 21,522,035' 66,499
Southern Nigeria.-------...------------. 1905 186 8, 165 43,898
a See note b on page 6.
b Includes the par value of railway securities owned by railway corporations, also a portion of capital assigned to nonrailway property. If these items be deducted, the
net capitalization averages $58,298 per mile.
c Includes mileage and capitalization of the 4 principal railways of the country—Mexican Central, Mexican International, Mexican National, and InterOceanic.
4
Table 3.—MILES OF RAILROADS IN
THE UNITED STATES AN
1832–1907.
D ANNUAL INCREASE OF MILEAGE
[NOTE.--From 1832 to 1887 figures are those of Poor's Manual of Railroads, representing years ended December 31, and from 1888 to 1907 those of the Interstate Commerce
Corºmission, representing years ended June 30.1

YEAR. Miles. Jncrease. YEAR. Miles. | Increase. YEAR Miles. | Increase. YEAR Miles. | Increase. YEAR Miles. | Increase.
1832-------. 229 134 || 1848... . . . . . 5,996 398 || 1864... . . . . . 33,908 738 iſ 1880 - - - 93,267 6, 711 || 1896... . . . . 182,777 2, 120
1833------.. 380 151 || 1849... . . . . . 7, 365 1,369 || 1865-. -| 35,085 1, 177 || 1881........ 103,108 9,846 || 1897.......| 184,428 1,651
1834--. . . . . . 633 253 || 1850........ 9,021 1,656 || 1866. ...] 36,801 1,716 || 1882. -- - - - - - 114,677 11,569 || 1898... . . . . 186,396 1,968
1835-------- 1,098 465 || 1851. ... 10,982 1,961 || 1867... . . . . . 39,050 2,249 || 1883. -- - - - - - 121,422 6, 745 || 1899... . . . . 189,294 2,899
1836----.... 1,273 175 || 1852. tº- 12,908 1,926 || 1868 - 42,229 2,979 || 1884... . . . . . 125,345 3,923 || 1900....... 193,345 4,052
1837- - - - - - - - 1,497 224 || 1853. . . . . . . . 15, 360 2,452 || 1869. - 46,844 4,615 || 1885... . . . . . 128,320 2,975 || 1901. -- - - - - 197,237 3,892
1838-- - - - - .. 1,913 416 || 1854... . . . . . 16,720 1,360 || 1870... . . . . . 52,922 6,078 || 1886... . . . . . 136, 338 8,018 || 1902....... 202,471 5,234
1839. . . . . . . . 2,302 389 || 1855. & 18,374 1,654 || 1871 ... 60,301 7,379 || 1887. ... 149,214 12,876 || 1903....... 207,977 5,506
1840........ 2,818 516 || 1856... . . . . . 22,016 3,642 || 1872... . . . . . 66, 171 5,878 || 1888... . . . . . 149,902 688 || 1904. . . . . . . 213,904 5,927
1841-------. 3,535 717 || 1857. * 24,503 2,487 || 1873........ 70,268 4,097 || 1889. ... 157,759 7,857 || 1905....... 218, 101 4, 197
1842-....... 4,026 491 || 1858... . . . . . 26,968 2,465 || 1874. ... 72,385 2, 117 || 1890........ 163,597. 5,838 || 1906....... 224,363 6,262
1843-....... 4,185 159 || 1859.- ... . . . 28,789 1,821 || 1875-. ... 74,096 1,711 || 1891. ..| 168,403 4,806 || 1907....... 229,951 5,588
1844--...... 4,377 192 || 1860 ... 30,626 1,837 || 1876........ 76,808 2,712 || 1892........ 171,564 3, 161
1845----.... 4,633 256 || 1861........] 31,286 660 || 1877.. ... 79,082 2,274 || 1893........ 176, 461 4,897
1846........ 4,930 297 || 1862...... - 32, 120 834 || 1878... . . . . . 81,747 2,665 || 1894........ 178,709 2,248
1847-....... 5,598 668 || 1863........] 33,170 1,050 || 1879........ 86,556 4,809 || 1895........ 180,657 1,948
Table 4.—MERCHANT MARINE OF THE UNITED STATES, YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1906–1908.
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
[From reports of the Commissioner of Navigation, Department of Commerce and Labor.]

| .
| 1906 1907 1908 1906 1907 1908
CLASSIFICATION. CLASSIFICATION. | -----
| Num- GroSS Num- Gross || Num- GroSS Num- GroSS Num- Gross Num- || Gross
ber. tons. ber. tons. ber. tons. ber. tons. ber. tons. ber. tons.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRI- TRADE—continued. .
BUTION. --
Atlantic and Gulfcoasts...] 17,477 | 3,427,046 17, 1933,435,314 17,241 3,500,932 || *d and licensed: - : y
Porto Rico . 59 5,499 62 5,383 72 5, 619 Steam, iron and steel. 1,454 2,262,847 1,535 (2,561,379 1,665 3,003,038
-- -** w = w -- * * - - - - - - - - - y y -
Pacific coast..... . . . . . . . . . 2,787 817,572 2,891 || 858,649 3, 195 943,354 Steam, Wood. . . . . . . . . 7,640 | 1,121,155 8,073 1,115,864 8,788 1,109,399
Hawaiian Islands. . . . . . . . . 49 22,463 50 28, 191 45 18,960 Sail, wood and iron . --
Northern lakes. . . . . . . . . . . 3,052 2,234,432 3, 103 2,439,741 3, 172 2,729,169 and Steel G. . . . . . . . . . 14,471 2,351,481 18,869 2,390,405 || 13,386 2,312,940
Western rivers. . . . . . . . . . . 1,582 | 167,957 1,612 171,516 1,700 167,411 Total..............] 23,565 5,735,483 23,477 6,067,648 || 23,834 6,425,377
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 006 6, 674, 969 24, 911 6, 938, 794 25, 425 7, 365, 445 CONSTRUCTED DURING
POWER AND MATERIAL. • THE YEAR.
Sail: a - - Geographical distribution. * - |
Wood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *** | *** | *** *** | ** | *** || Atlantic and Gulfcoasts... b353 126,622 e60s e134,562 a 675 a 209,887
Iron and Steel. . . . . . . . 282 830,484 || 245 888,218 254 325,878 |pacific coast............. 197 20,261 207 35,191 359 57,050
Total.------. . . . . . . . 15,506 2,699,682 14,861 |2,659,426 14,499 || 2,654,261 || Northern lakes----------- 204 265,271 177 244,291 216 341, 165
Steam: - Western rivers. . . . . . . . . . . 167 6,591 165 7,288 207 6, 114
Wood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,907 || 1,190,960 | 8,359 |1,179,984 || 9,112 | 1,176,832 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,221 || 418,745 1,157 471,832 1,457 614,216
& Iron and Steel. . . . . . . . 1,593 2,784,327 1,691 3,099,384 1,814 3,534, 342
Power and material.
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,500 3,975,287 10,050 |4,279,368 || 10,926 4,711,174 Sail
all: :
Canal boats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717 | 80,137 731 || 81,773 || 746 82,469 Wood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 32,132 143 19,252 134 31,981
Barges... . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * m 3,171 | 720,911 3,264 || 763,209 || 3,453 810,732 Steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3,077 4 : 5,655 --------|- . . . . . . . . .
Steam:
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,888 801,048 3,995 | 844,982 4,199 893,201 Wood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 26,613 566 || 31,889 791 38,999
TRADE. Iron and steel.... . . . . 100 289,094 108 || 333,516 || 132 442,625
Registered: Canal boats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 8,832 62 6,577 46 4,970
Steam, iron and steel. 139 521,480 156 538,005 || 149 531, 304 || Barges: -
Steam, Wood... . . . . . . 267 69,805 286 || 64,120 329 67,433 Wood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 53,798 257 65,059 || 337 88,249
Sail, wood and iron - | Steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5, 199 17 9,384 17 7,392
and steel a.... . . . . . . 1,035 | 348,201 | 992 269,021 | 1,113 341,331 || -
- : Total - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,221 || 418,745 1,157 471,832 1,457 614,216
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,441 || 939, 486 | 1,434 871,146 1,591 940,068 :
. --- : -
a Including canal boats and barges,
bIncluding 2 vessels, 15 tons, Porto Rican.
70979–09
3
6 Including 3 vessels, 30 tons, Porto Rican.
d Including 10 vessels, 109 tons, Porto Rican.
10
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
Table 5,--TONNAGE OF THE SAILING AND
STEAM vessELS OF THE MERCHANT MARINE OF THE UNITED
STATES, 1855–1908.
[From reports of the Commissioner of Navigation, Department of Commerce and Labor.]
EMPLOYED IN THE-
Annual
•- - - - --. • - increase
YEAR ENE, ET) JUNE 30– Foreign trade. Coastwise trade. Whale fisheries. Cod and Total. Or
mack- decrease
erel fish- -*.
Steam. Total. Steam. Total. Steam.0 || Total. eries.
* Tom S. Tons. Tom S. Tom S. Tom's Toms. Toms. Tom S. Per cent,
1855---------------------------------------------------------------- 115,045 2,348,358 655,240 2,543,255 . . . . . . . . . . 186,848 || 133,540 || 5,212,001 8.52
1856----------------------- ** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 89,715 2,302,190 583,362 2,247,663 . . . . . . . . . . 189,461 132,339 || 4,871,653 – 6.53
1857---------------------------------------------------------------- 86,873 2,268, 196 618,911 2,336,609 | . . . . . . . . . . 195,842 140,196 || 4,940,843 i. 42.
1858---------------------------------------------------------------- 78,027 2,301,148 651,363 2,401, 220 . . . . . . . . . . 198,594 148,846 || 5,049,808 2. 20
1859---------------------------------------------------------------- 92,748 2,321,674 676,005 || 2,480,929 . . . . . . . . . . 185,728 156,707 || 5,145,038 1.90
1860---------------------------------------------------------------- 97,296 2,379,396 770,641 2,644,867 |. . . . . . . . . . 166,841 162,764 || 5,353,868 4. 06
1861---------------------------------------------------------------- 102,608 2,496,894 || 774,596 2,704,544 |.......... 145,734 192,641 || 5,539,813 3, 47
1862---------------------------------------------------------------- 113,998 || 2,173,537 596,465 2,616,716 J. . . . . . . . . . 117,714 || 214,197 || 5,112,164 — 7.72
1863-------------------------------------------------------------- 133,215 1,926,886 442,304 2,960,633 .......... 99,228 168,309 || 5, 155,056 . 84
1864---------------------------------------------------------------- 122,006 | 1,486,749 855,954 3,245,265 . . . . . . . . . . 95, 145 || 159,241 || 4,986,400 — 3.27
1865---------------------------------------------------------------- 98,008 1,518,350 969,131 3,381, 522 |. . . . . . . . . . 84,233 112,677 || 5,096,782 2. 21
1866---------------------------------------------------------------- 198,289 1,387,756 885,223 2,719,621 | . . . . . . . . . . 105,170 98,231 || 4,310,778 —15.42
1867---------------------------------------------------------------- 198, 115 1, 515,648 993,765 2,660,390 . . . . . . . . . . 52,384 76,065 || 4,304,487 — . 14
1868---------------------------------------------------------------- 221,939 1,487,246 977,476 2,702,140 - . . . . . . . . . 78,486 || 83,887 || 4,351,759 1.10
1869---------------------------------------------------------------- 213,252 1,496,220 890,316 2,515,515 . . . . . . . . . . 70,202 || 62,704 || 4,144,641 4.76
1870---------------------------------------------------------------- 192,544 1,448,846 882,551 2,638,247 . . . . . . . . . . 67,954 91,460 || 4,246,507 2.41
1871---------------------------------------------------------------. 180,914 1,363,652 906,723 2,764,600 . . . . . . . . . . 61,490 92,865 || 4,282,607 .85
1872----------------------9- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 177,666 1,359,040 933,887 2,929,552 . . . . . . . . . . 51,608 97, 547 || 4,437,747 3. 62
1873---------------------------------------------------------------- 193,423 1,378,533 963,020 3,163,220 |.......... 44,755 109,519 || 4,696,027 5.82
1874---------------------------------------------------------------- 195,245 1,389,815 990,365 3,293,439 . . . . . . . . . . 39,108 78,290 || 4,800,652 2. 23
1875---------------------------------------------------------------- 191,689 1,515,598 976,979 3,219,698 |. . . . . . . . . . 38,229 80,207 || 4,853,732 1. 10
1876---------------------------------------------------------------- 198,227 1,553,705 974, 145 || 2,598,835 | . . . . . . . . . . 39,116 || 87,802 || 4,279,458 –11.83
1877---------------------------------------------------------------- 190,133 1,570,600 981,064 2,540,322 |. . . . . . . . . . 40,593 91,085 || 4,242,600 — a .86
1878---------------------------------------------------------------- 170,838 1,589,348 996,840 2,497,170 |.......... 39,700 | 86,547 || 4,212,765 — . 70
1879---------------------------------------------------------------- 156,323 1,451, 506 | 1,019,849 || 2,598,182 . . . . . . . . . . 40,028 79,885 || 4,169,601 — 1. 02
1880---------------------------------------------------------------- 146,604 | 1,314,402 | 1,064,954 2,637,686 |.......... 38,408 || 77, 538 || 4,068,034 — 2.43
1881---------------------------------------------------------------- 152,769 1,297,035 | 1,112,232 2,646,011 . . . . . . . . . . 38,551 76,137 || 4,057,734 – .25
1882- - - - - - ---------------------------------------------------------- 154,570 1,259,492 | 1,201,256 2,795,776 . . . . . . . . . . 32,802 || 77,863 || 4,165,933 2. 66
1883---------------------------------------------------------------- 171,905 1,269,681 | 1,241,289 2,838,354 1,298 32,414 95,038 || 4,235,487 1. 67
1884---------------------------------------------------------------- 182,100 1,276,972 1,281,721 2,884,068 790 27,249 || 82,940 || 4,271,229 .84
1885---------------------------------------------------------------- 185,616 1,262,814 | 1,308,511 2,895,371 790 25, 184 82,565 || 4,265,934 — , 12
1886---------------------------------------------------------------- 175,843 | 1,088,041 1,346,331 2,939,252 790 23,138 80,705 || 4, 131,136 — 3. 16
1887---------------------------------------------------------------- 169,759 989,412 1,369,146 3,010,735 3,812 26,151 79,547 || 4,105,845 — . 61
1888---------------------------------------------------------------- 179,586 919,302 1,464,673 3, 172,120 3,812 24,482 76,012 || 4,191,916. 2.10
1889---------------------------------------------------------------- 190,196 999,619 1,571,079 3,211,416 4,275 21,976 74,464 || 4,307,475 2.75
1890---------------------------------------------------------------- 192,705 928,062 1,661,458 || 3,409, 435 4,925 | 18,633 | 68,367 || 4,424,497 2.71
1891---------------------------------------------------------------- 235,070 988,719 1,776,269 3,609,876 4,925 17,231 68,933 || 4,684,759 5. 88
1892---------------------------------------------------------------- 225,437 977,624 1,845,518 3,700,773 3,462 17,052 69,472 || 4,764,921 1. 71
1898---------------------------------------------------------------- 257,147 883,199 || 1,922, 169 3,854,693 3,956 16,604 || 70,575 || 4,825,071, 1, 26
1894---------------------------------------------------------------- 261,755 899,698 || 1,923,339 3,696,276 4,336 16,482 71,573 || 4,684,029 — 2.90
1895---------------------------------------------------------------- 247,387 822,347 || 1,960,756 3,728,714 4,658 15,839 69,060 || 4,635,960 — i. 03
1896---------------------------------------------------------------- 260,224 829,833 2,042,326 3,790,296 4,658 15, 121 68,630 || 4,703,880 1.47
1897---------------------------------------------------------------- 253,816 792,870 2,100,084 3,896,826 4,658 12,714 | 66,610 || 4,769,020 1. 38
1898---------------------------------------------------------------- 290,241 726,213 2,077,859 3,959,702 3,823 11,496 52,327 || 4,749,738 — . 40
1899---------------------------------------------------------------- 355,913 837,229 2,115,981 3,965,313 4, 117 11,017 50,679 || 4,864,238 2.41
1900---------------------------------------------------------------- 337,356 816,795 2,289,825 4,286,516 3,986 9,899 51,629 || 5,164,839 6, 18
1901---------------------------------------------------------------- 426,259 879,595 2,491,231 4,582,645 3,463 9,534 52,444 || 5,524,218 6.96
1902---------------------------------------------------------------- 455,017 873,235 2,718,049 4,858,714 3,808 9,320 56,633 || 5,797,902 4.95
1903---------------------------------------------------------------- 523,602 879,264 2,880,678 5,141,037 3,808 9,512 57, 532 || 6,087,345 4.99 |
1904---------------------------------------------------------------- 549,938 888,628 3,041,262 5,335, 164 4,218 10,140 57,603 || 6,291,535 3.35
1905---------------------------------------------------------------- 596,594 943,750 3, 140,314 5,441, 688 4,536 10,763 60,342 || 6,456,543 2, 62
1906---------------------------------------------------------------- 586,749 928,466 || 3,384,002 || 5,674,044 4,536 11,020 61,439 || 6,674,969 3.38
1907---------------------------------------------------------------- 598,155 861,466 3,664,210 | 6,010,601 3,970 9,680 57,047 || 6,938,794 3.95
1908---------------------------------------------------------------- 595,147 930,413 || 4,099,045 6,371,862 3,590 9,655 53,515 || 7,365,445 6, 15
* Not separately shown prior to 1883.
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD. 11
Table 6–NET AND GROSS TONNAGE OF STEAM AND SAILING VESSELS OF OVER 100 TONS OF THE
SEVERAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD, - -
[From Lloyd's Register for 1908-9.]
STEAM. SAIL. TOTAL.
FLAG. -
Number. Net tons. Gross tons. || Number. Net tons. Number. Tonnage.
British:
United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8,405 9,960,399 16,336,869 1, 137 981,482 9,542 17,318,351
Colonies”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,275 686,999 1, 162,673 746 228,513 2,021 1,391, 186
Total -----------------------------------------------------------... 9,680 10,647,398 17,499,542 1,883 1,209,995 11,563 18,709,537
American (United States): •
Sea-----------------------------------------------------------. . . . . . . . 1,090 1,057,646 1,615,767 1,830 1,186,620 2,920 2,802,387
Lake” ------------------------------------------------------------... 515 1,438,091 1,895,412 45 112,469 560 2,007,881
Philippine Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 23,796 38,282 27, 6,237 110 44,519
Total.------------------------------------------------------------... 1,688 2,519,533 3,549,461 1,902 1,305,326 3,590 4,854,787
Argentine----------------------------------------------------------. . . . . . 183 73,209 120,666 79 29,336 262 150,002
Austro-Hungarian.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 460,320 733,402 13 7,107 340 740,509
Belgian------------------------------------------------------------------. 128 130,718 205,035 4 3,922 132 208,957
Brazilian----------------------------------------------------------------- 307 134,471 215,656 79 20,684 386 236,340
Chilean.... . . . . . . . . . . . . * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 94 70,848 110,531 59 47,466 153 157,997
Chinese------------------------------------------------------------------. 51 44,117 68,281 ||------------|-------------- 51 62,281
Cuban-------------------------------------------------------------------- 54 38,323 60,805 8 1,459 62 62,264
Danish------------------------------------------------------------------- 528 389,791 660,582 342 73,208 870 733,790
Dutch b . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 478 527,958 841,870 87 34,750 565 876,620
French---------------------------------------------------------------. . . . 869 825,024 1,416,987 648 466,907 1,517 1,883,894
German-----------------------------------------------------------------. 1,806 2,353,367 3,839,378 372 392,767 2,178 4,232,145
Greek b ... . . . . . . . . . . . * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 282 304,668 482,055 141 37,834 423 519,889
Haytian------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 2,323 3,956 ||------------|-------------. 6 3,956
Italian-------------------------------------------------------------------- 419 554,472 903,567 679 381,658 1,098 1,285,225
Japanese”---------------------------------------------------------------- 865 723,236 1,140,177 5 2,291 870 1,142,468
Mexican------------------------------------------........................ 47 18,557 30,465 20 4,363 67 34,828
Norwegian---------------------------------------------------------. . . . . . 1,256 823,332 1,351,647 892 631,231 2,148 1,982,878
Peruvian----------------------------------------------------------------- 16 7,634 12,276 41 16,788 57 29,064
Portuguese---------------------------------------------------------. . . . . . 73 42,121 68,412 132 37,588 205 106,000
Roumanian----------------------------------- --------------------------- 24 16,861 32,550 l 285 25 32,835
Russian b ...... … 709 448,965 755,350 672 219,167 1,381 974, 517
Sarawak------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 2,253 3,717 ||------------|-------------. 5 3,717
Slamese------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 2,569 4,348 ||------------|-------------- 7 2,569
Spanish------------------------------------------------------------------ 469 414,815 677,345 82 23,933 551 701,278
Swedish--------------. . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 934 439,185 732,280 608 171,875 1,542 904,155
Turkish "---------------------------------------------------------------. i 142 69,620 112,655 168 53,266 310 165,921
Uruguayan-----------------------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . 43 34,364 56,081 25 16,604 68 72,685
Venezuelan--------------------------------------------------------------- 8 2,097 3,810 9 1,282 17 5,092
Other countries: Bulgaria, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Egypt, Libe- h -
ria, Nicaragua, Oman, Panama, Persia, Salvador, Samos, Zanzibar, etc. 52 17,861 30,208 28 8,655 80 38,863
Total, 1908–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * - - - 21,550 22, 140,010 || 35,723,095 8,979 5, 199,747 30,529 40,922,842
1907-08-------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,746 21,093,980 33,969,811 9,457 5,469,106 30,203 39,438,917
1906–07-------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - 19,877 19,712,718 31,744,904 10,217 5,809, 113 30,094 37,554,017
1905-06-----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 153 18,583,769 29,963,392 10,603 6,037,501 29,756 36,000,893
1904-05------------------------------------------------------. 18,467 17,692,141 28,632,684 10,823 6, 156,505 29,290 34,789,189
1903-04----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,761 | 16,822,466 27, 183,365 12, 182 6,459,766 29,943 33,643,131
1902-03---------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17,156' 16,026,373 25,859,987 12,472 6,577,776 29,628 32,437,763
1901-02---------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,528’ 14,874,253 24,008,883 12,563 6,591,627 29,091 30,600,510
1900-01. --------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘. . . . . . ----------- - - - - - - - - - 15,898 13,856,513 22,369,358 12,524 || 6,674,370 28,422 29,043,728
1899-00-- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... • * * * * * * * * * s a s e - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 15,324 12,935,994 20,877,746 12,856 6,795,782 28, 180 27,673,528
1898-99------------------------------------------------------- 14,701 12,073,074 19,511,292 13,351 7,049,958 28,052 26,561,250
1897–98. - - - - - - - * * * * - - - - - - - * * * - - - - - * * * * - - - - - - - -, * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14, 183 11,531,829 18,606,612 14,168 7,300,839 28,351 25,907,451
1896-97. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e = * - - - 13,652 11,027,603 17,737,825 16,228 7,876,264 || 29,880 25,614,089
1895-96---------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,256 10,573,642 16,887,971 17, 112 8,219,661 30,368 25,107,632
1894-95-----------------------------------------------. . . . . . . . 12,907 10, 111,769 16,066,202 17,814 8,503,294 30,721 24,569, 496
1893–94. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12,558 9,622,610 15,264, 418 19,452 8,993,957 32,010 24,258,375
1892–93---------------------------------------- --------------. 12, 193 9,220,974 14, 562,003 19,873 9, 132,505 32,066 23,694,508
1891-92. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - * * * - - - - - - - * * * - - - - - - * * * * - - - - 11,705 8,804,739 13,816,509 20,621 9,123,449 32,326 22,939,958
1890-91------------------------------------------------------ 11, 108 8,295,514 12,985,372 21,190 9,166,279 32,298 22,151,651

a Lloyd's Register does not include wooden vessels trading on the Great Lakes of North America,
b Records of numerous small sailing vessels in Greece, Turkey, southern Russia and Dutch East Indies omitted.
o Sailing vessels of under 300 tons net not recorded.
*
12
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLI).
Table 7–STATEMENT OF THE TONNAGE OF PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES (FROM RETURN on PROGRESS OF
BRITISH SHIPPING FOR 1906), BASED ON OFFICIAL RETURNS, CALENDAR YEARS 1850–1906. -
There is no uniformity in these returns, some nations resting statistics on gross, the majority however on net, tonnage.
[From Report of Commissioner of Navigation, Department of Commerce and Labor, 1907.]
The minimum tonnage recognized by the laws of
each nation is stated.]
COUNTRY. 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906
RUSSIA (25 tons and upward): Tom's T'078 Toms Tom 8. Tom's Toms. Tom's Tons Toms Toms. Tom's Tom's
Sail------------------------------------------|----------|---------- 378,894 . . . . . . . . . . 269, 460 -----...--|-----------|-- . . . . . . . . . 279,569 -----------|-----------
Steam---------------------------------------|----------|---------. 88,990 ... . . . . . . . 364,861 ----------|-----------|----------- 382,452 -----------|-----------
Total.--------------------------------------|----------|---------- 467,884 - . . . . . . . . . 633,821 . . . . . . . . . . 678,594 . . . . . . . . . . . 662,021 * * * * * * *g tº e º a e s & sº se e º ºr s = *
|FINLAND:
Sail------------------------------------------|-------------------. 276,877 . . . . . . . . . . 287, 154 296,057 291,779 289,808 293,477 301,348 |. . . . . . . . . . .
Steam---------------------------------------|----------|---------- 11,431 - ... ------ 53,561 49,901 49,752 59,751 61,688 59,509 |- - - - - - - - - - -
Total.-------------------------------------|----------|---------- 288,308 |... . . . . . . . 340,715 345,958 341,531 349, 559 355, 165 360,857 |...........
NORWAY (4 tons and upward): -
Sail------------------------------------------'. . . . . . . . . . 1,008,800 1,460,596 1,502,594 |1,002,675 | 935,947 885,955 840,279 808, 768 813,864 793, 418
Steam------------------------------------------------- 13,715 58,062 203,115 505,443 || 531,142 567, 161 603,625 | 642,657 664,230 754,466
# , Total.------------------------. 298,315 558,927 [1,022,515 1,518,658 1,705,699 [1,508,118 1,467,089 | 1,453, 116 | 1,443,904 || 1,451,425 | 1,478,094 1,547,884
SWEDEN (10 tons and upward): k
Sail-------------------------------------------------------------- 461,593 369,680 288,687 298,589 296,874 271,852 265,748 263,425 252,705
Steam-----------------------------|------------------------------ 81,049 141,267 325, 105 || 341,622 361, 756 395, 999 408, 124 459,664 491, 596
Total.---------------------------|-------------------- 346,862 542,642 || 510,947 | 613,792 || 640,211 658,630 647,851 673,872 723,089 744, 301
D ENMARK (4 tons and upward):
Sail---------------------------------------------------- 168,193 197, 509 189,406 || 158,303 || 157,188 || 158,845 154,918 || 153,118 149,310 141,458
Steam. ------------------------------------------------ 10,453 51,957 112,788 250, 137 259,360 272,883 294, 199 320,291 334, 124 375,743
Total.--------------------------------------|---------- 178,646 249,466 302,194 | 408,440 || 416, 548 431,728 449, 117 473,409 483,434 517,201
GERMANY (17.50 tons and upward)
Sail---------------------------------------------------- 900,361 965,767 709,761 593,770 586,974 581,365 582,355 578,503 553,817 532, 146
Steam. ---------------------------------- tº º sº sº | is sº e s sº tº e º sº s 81,994 215,758 || 723,652 1,347,875 |1,506,059 1,622,439 1,739,690 1,774,072 1,915,475 2,096,947
Total-...------------------------|----------|---------- 982,355 1,181,525 1,433,413 |1,941,645 (2,093,033 2,203,804 || 2,322,045 2,352, 575 2,469,292 2,629,093
TTOLLAND (40 tons and upward): -
Sail------------------------------ 289,870 423,790 370,159 263,887 127,200 78,493 75,408 72,911 57,884 58,344 54,417 60, 424
Steam. . . . . .------------------... 2,706 10,132 19,455 64,394 | 128,511 268,430 306, 694 334,398 337,811 341,289 356,890 376, 325
rt
* Total.------------------------. 292, 576 433,922 || 389,614 328,281 255,711 || 346,923 || 382, 102 407, 309 395,695 399,633 || 411,307 436,749
BELGIUM (50 tons and upward):
Sail------------------------------ 33,315 28,857 20,648 10,442 4,393 741 1, 121 877 1,051 2,844 2,844 925
Steam. --------------------. . . . . . 1, 604 4,254 9,501 || 65,224 71,553 112,518 || 109,336 105,305 || 101,709 99,893 96,889 111,590
Total.------------------------- 34,919 33, 111 || 30, 149 75,666 75,946 113,259 || 110,457 | 106, 182 102,760 | 102,737 99,733 112,515
FRANCE (2 tons and upward):
Sail------------------------------ 674,228 928,009 || 917,633 641, 539 444,092 || 510, 175 564,447 668, 693 650,209 653,268 676, 193 677,055
Steam.-------------------------- 13,925 68,025 | 154,415 || 277,759 499,921 527, 551 || 546, 541 548,921 585, 132 696,059 || 711,027 723,487
Total.------------------------- 688,153 996, 124 1,072,048 919,298 944,013 |1,037,726 (1,110,988 1,217,614 | 1,235,341 1,349,327 | 1,387,220 | 1,400,542
PORTUGAL (15 tons and upward):
Sail----------------------------------------------------|---------- * * * is a s tº º e s i s & as ºs e º a s & a 57,925 62,488 66,004 63,051 56, 587 . . . . . * * * * * * | * * * * * * * * * * *
Steam. ---------------------------------------------------------- , - - - - - - - - - - I - - - - - - - - - - 51, 506 56, 118 52,712 50,487 49,454 ----------------------
Total.--------------------------------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * as I º * * * * * * * is s 109,431 || 118,606 || 118,716 113,538 106,041 | 101,203 100,839
SPAIN (50 tons and upward):
Sail---------------. dº º = • * * * * * * * * * * * * | * * * * * * * * * * | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 326,438 210,247 95, 187 88, 129 83, 157 | 110,735 63,637 58,201 50, 449
Steam ------------------- & º e = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 233,695 | 407,935 | 679,392 | 725,410 727,945 716, 182 716,922 685,680 673, 643
Total.---------------------------|----------|-------------------- 560,133 618,182 | 74,579 813,539 811,102 826,727 | 780,559 743,881 | 724,092
TTALY (2 tons and upward):
Sail------------------------------------------|---------- 980,064 922, 146 634,149 568, 164 575,207 570,403 584,223 570,355 541,171 503,260
Steam. . . . . .-----------------------|----------|---------- 32,100 77,050 | 186,567 376,844 424,711 || 448, 404 460,535 462,259 484,432 497, 537
Total.----------------------------|-------------------- 1,012, 164 999, 196 || 820,716 945,008 || 999,918 | 1,018,807 | 1,044,758 | 1,032,614 | 1,025,603 | 1,000,797

TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
Table 7–STATEMENT OF THE TONNAGE OF PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES, ETC.—Continued.
13

COUNTRY. 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: Tom & T07)S Toms. Toms. TOT.S. TOms. T07, S. Tom S. TomS. Toms. Toms. Toms.
Sail--------------------------------|----------|----------| 279,400 228,228 109,980 25,342 22,649 24,912 18,755 11,860 11,264 10,921
Steam-------------------------------------------------- 49,977 62,743 94,234 239,324 281,681 319,735 329,531 340,661 353,912 365,580
Total *---------------------------|----------|---------- 329,377 290,971 204,214 || 264,666 || 304,330 344,647 348,286 352,521 365,176 376,501
GREECE:
Sail--------------------------------|----------|---------- 398,703 |..... - - - - - 226,702 || 175,867 147,501 145,032 145,118 -----------|-----------|-----------
Steam.-----------------------------|----------|---------- 5,360 ---------- 44,684 || 143,436 162,915 201,444 198,681 |-----------|-----------|-----------
Total. . . . . . . . . . ------------------|---------- 263,075 | 404,063 |. . . . . . . . . . 271,386 || 319,303 || 310,416 346,476 343,799 401,218 398,383 426,769
CHINA: 4.
Sail--------------------------------|----------|----------|----------|---------- 11,801 20,541 21,026 21,088 20,954 21,654 19,561 22,229
Steam------------------------------|----------|----------|---------- 21,694 29,766 18,215 19,749 46,017 45,580 43,266 45,617 51,189
Total.---------------------------|----------|----------|---------- 21,694 41,567 38,756 40,775 67,105 66,534 64,920 65,178 73,418
JAPAN:
Sail--------------------------------|----------|----------|---------- 48,094 52,880 320,572 334,904 334,507 || 327, 150 327,329 334,684 352,244
Steam------------------------------|----------|----------|---------- 41,215 93,812 543,366 583,067 609,951 662,462 797,366 938,783 | 1,040,554
Total.----------------------------|----------|----------|---------- 89,309 || 145,692 863,938 917,971 944,458 989,612 | 1,124,695 | 1,273,467 1,392,798
UNITED KINGDOM AND COLONIES:
|UNITED KINGIDOM:
Sail---------------------------- 3,396,659 |4,204,360 |4,577,855 |3,851,045 (2,936,021 |2,096,498 1,990,627 | 1,950,675 | 1,868,936 1,802,667 | 1,670,766 | 1,555,319
Steam.------------------------- 168,474 454,327 1,112,934 2,723,468 |5,042,517 7,207,610 |7,617,793 8, 104,095 8,399,668 8,751,853 9,064,816 || 9,612,013
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------- 3,565,133 4,658,687 |5,690,789 |6,574,513 |7,978, 538 9,304, 108 (9,608,420 10,054,770 10,268,604 ||10,554,520 10,735,582 11, 167,332
|
CANADA:
Sail----------------------------|---------- 521,521 | 789,029 [1,137,757 | 879,627 475,133 492,795 469,499 476,523 466,865 449,644 435,232
Steam--------------------------|---------- 25,452 30,636 100,091 115,770 164,092 182,832 183,836 205,123 213,915 218,670 225,964
Total.------------------------ 396,470 546,973 || 819,665 [1,237,848 995,397 639,225 | 675,627 653,335 681,646 680,780 668,314 661,196
NEW FOUNDLAND:
Sail----------------------------|---------- 92,594 74,964 80,258 93,231 || 102,239 || 105,161 109,205 110,762 113,909 118,023 124,591
Steam------------------------------------ 45 1,983 6,303 5,388 9,982 9,392 9,728 10,531 11,597 11,594 11,194
Total.------------------------ 51,869 92,639 76,947 86,561 98,619 || 112,221 | 114,553 118,933 121,293 125,506 129,617 135,785
AUSTRALIA:
Sail----------------------------|---------- 126,059 || 158,261 150,723 166,498 || 143,249 143 ,047. 141, 183 136,296 129,515 130,093 128,539
Steam------------------------------------ 11,837 24,173 59,226 129,861 | 190,301 | 199,119 207,692 212,126 222,124 222,362 239,490
Total.------------------------ 53,543 | 137,896 | 182,434 209,949 296,359 || 333,550 342,166 348,875 348,422 351,639 352,455 368,029
NEW ZEALAND:
Sail-------------------------------------- 8,367 21,665 52,256 34,947 42,128 42,762 42,635 43,726 42, 197 41,345 41,455
Steam-------------------------- * * * * ~ * * * * = 350 5,641 12,201 38,109 56,625 59,101 61,685 62,380 67,242 76,238 81,305
Total ------------------------ 3,293 8,717 27,306 64,457 73,056 98,753 | 101,863 104,320 106, 106 109,439 117,583 122,760
BRITISHINDIA (INCLUDING CEYLON):
Sail---------------------------------------------------------- 77,617 45,532 33, 599 34,518 34,747 32,638 26,896 25, 196 23,782
Steam---------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - 11,665 24,532 42,838 45, 182 49,009 55,338 64,242 72,804 86,000
Total.----------------------------------|---------- * - - - - - * * * * 89,282 70,064 76,437 79,700 83,756 87,976 91, 138 98,000 109,782
OTHER BRITISH POSSESSIONS:
Sail-------------------------------------- 257,923 || 325,226 148,233 118,526 118,748 || 121,855 127,544 733,172 147,559 142,071 141,874
Steam--------------------------|---------- 8, 133 26,767 36,328 57,529 68,350 76,204 75,212 84,220 95, 520 88,782 84,623
Total.------------------------ * 266,056 351,993 | 184,561 176,055 187,098 198,059 202,756 817,392 230,853 226,497
243,079
70979—09—4
a Excluding small coasting VeSSels and fishing boats.
14
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
Table 8.-GROWTH OF THE WESSEL-TONNAGE MovKMENT AT THE PRINCIPAL PORTS OF THE WORLD .
[NOTE.-The following statement, showing the development of the vessel-tonnage movement of the principal ports of the world during the last decade—foreign-
trade tonnage as well as total tonnage entered and cleared—was compiled from official sources.
The figures stated in the table generally represent net register tons, in most
cases British measurement, and, unless stated otherwise in the respective notes, refer to the calendar year. While the general methods of ascertaining gross and net tonnage
under the Moorsom system are substantially the same in all the principal maritime countries, there are slight differences in the application of those methods which would
affect to a limited extent the figures below.]
DECTUTF, OEEC.
ENTERED. CLEARED.
COUNTRY AND PORT. Year. Total tonnage. In the foreign trade. Total tonnage. In the foreign trade.
All vessels. Steamers. All vessels. Steamers. All vessels. Steamers. All vessels. Stearners.
UNITED KINGDOM: Net reg. tons. Net reg. tons. Net reg. tons. Net reg. tons. || Net reg. tons. Net reg. tons. Net reg. toms. Net reg. tons.
Leith. -------------------------- * - - - - - - - 1907 2,041, 309 1,962,850 1,335, 599 1,287,484 2,086,297 2,016,279 1,301,887 1,256,390
- 1897 1,580,294 1, 453,414 966,249 893, 160 1,587,038 1,469,219 864,996 789,936
Blyth. ---------------------------------- 1907 2,068,970 2,028,011 1,249,892 1,233,646 2,035,978 1,993,054 1,839,040 1,804,262
1897 1,543,298 1,444,818 731,473 697,188 1,485, 158 1,388,613 1,255, 038 1, 172,468
New Castle (including North and South - -
Shields)----------------------------- 1907 9,319,002 | 8,905,801 5,205,621 5,087,988 9,591, 597 9, 190,396 6,312,484 6, 156,493
1897 7,682,848 7,008,704 3, 175,734 2,898, 977 7,788,729 7,089, 158 4,207,093 3,888, 316
Sunderland. ---------------------------- 1907 2,824, 245 2,653,882 1,335, 455 1,271,225 2,976,204 2,806,953 1,661,245 1, 589, 176
1897 2,622,336 2,247,616 845,012 749, 149 2,667,347 2,300,870 1,098,955 | 997,621
Middlesborough. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1907 2,601,558 2,481,702 1,616, 143 1, 584,565 2,707,228 2,588,229 1,512,700 1, 473,448
1897 1,854,764 1,682,933 985,834 948, 149 1,897,939 1,717,274 1,010,249 948, 610
Hull------------------------------------ 1907 4,806,487 4, 560,474 3,698, 317 3,610,847 4,791,023 4, 533,950 3,091, 149 3,003,400
1897 2,776,731 2,453,250 2,278,875 2,079,752 2,739,276 2, 444,847 1,862, 107 1, 710,826
Grimsby-------------------------------- 1907 1, 555, 582 1,482,770 1,322,232 1,289,882 1, 533, 394 1,480,287 1,341,924 1,304,942
- 1897 996,664 873,408 874, 490 | 764,436 1,011, 524 880,295 849, 176 738,080
London. ------------------ --------- - - - - - 1907 17,292,438 16, 500,992 11, 160,367 10,717,265 16,486,232 15,607,400 8, 598,979 8,202,954
1897 16,017,380 13, 552,873 9, 110,925 8,255,066 8,992,409 7, 716,785 6,686, 734 5,996, 581
Dover----------------------------------- 1907 1,798, 781 1, 752, 130 1,638,459 1,632,081 1,795, 964 1, 753,214 1,630, 439 1,626,851
1897 1,050,077 944,275 891, 931 880,865 1,031,716 925,216 863,937 855,979
Southampton.--------------------------- 1907 5, 155,034 5,008, 183 a 3,777, 301 a 3,759,326 4,971, 371 4,828,865 a 3,571,389 a 3,554,917
1897 2,767, 456 2, 590, 604 1, 573,956 1, 540,225 2,668,298 2, 497,303 1,434, 253 1,403, 156
Bristol.--------------------------------. 1907 1,987,685 1,751, 150 867,055 843,766 2,023, 464 1,787, 521 580, 576 563,858
1897 1, 510,044 1,256, 764 740,824 678,640 1,470,697 1,231,617 350, 492 323, 569
Newport-------------------------------- 1907 2,947,295 2,770,057 1,604,912 1,561,879 2,901,702 2,722,927 2,053,063 2,006, 152
1897 2, 421, 574 2,099,747 1,066,254 994,032 2,395,275 2,068,772 1, 552,456 1,454,385
Cardiff---------------------------------- 1907 10,663,728 10,295,965 5,734,755 5,611,274 10,864,385 10,482,909 9,011,680 8,809, 519
1897 8,736,812 7,867,999 4,485,782 4, 124, 227 9,088, 118 8,089, 352 7,504,927 6,705,813
SWansea-------------------------------- 1907 2, 198,078 2,057,256 992, 489 927,422 2,248,490 2, 104,760 | 1,763, 748 1,663, 128
1897 1, 567,084 1,292, 701 616,020 520,936 1, 552, 609 1,264,968 984,849 822,202
Liverpool------------------ * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1907 11, 597, 478 11,221,958 8, 167, 419 8,060,832 11,426,053 11,068,241 7,257,869 7, 136,985
1897 8,928,236 8,217,615 5,845, 384 5,438,252 8,985,753 8,240,084 5,415,667 4,995,408
Manchester. - - - - - - - - - - - - - • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 1907 1,942,228 1,921,782 1,286, 141 1,277, 397 2,033,852 2,012,919 1, 132,740 1, 129,430
1897 839, 167 803,896 516,837 501,928 880,724 847, 407 354,084 347, 196
Glasgow-------------------------------- 1907 4,491,776 4, 416, 402 1,918, 923 1,871,824 4,973, 565 4,885, 357 3, 138,001 3,080,040
1897 3,408,733 3,289,383 1,418, 724 1,364,764 3, 664, 691 3, 542,085 2,002, 662 1, 927,230
GERMANY:
Stettin. --------------------------------- 1906 1,707,000 1,580,000 1,390,000 1,277,000 1,735,000 1,620,000 1,339,000 1,249,000
- 1897 1,455, 376 1,384,211 1,217,807 1, 154, 164 1, 460,049 1,403,270 1, 149,798 1, 106,543
Hamburg------------------------------- 1907 12,040, 461 11,056,272 | 10,888, 553 10,459,646 12, 103,209 11, 113,469 || 11,082, 502 10,612, 746
1897 6,708,070 6,035,696 6,090,510 5,722,346 6,851,987 6, 153,684 6,315,507 5,887, 530
Bremerhaven.--------------------------- 1906 1, 733,000 1, 580,000 1,490,000 1, 462,000 1,866,000 1,663,000 1,554,000 1,526,000
1897 1,041,099 930,989 910, 987 853, 875 1,048,880 914,286 844,846 791,798
Bremen--------------------------------- 1907 1,503, 535 1,285,368 1,214, 568 1, 179,770 1,449,822 1,255, 473 1,137,334 1, 105,171
1897 723,206 551,588 581,256 517,785 698,563 550, 160 539,972 498,476
RUSSIA: *
St. Petersburg and Kronstadt........... 1906 1,751,891 1,561,588 1,410,126 1,387,236 1,753,452 1, 550,882 1,402, 584 1,379,274
j.896 1,643, 186 1,392,937 1,383, 843 1,291, 510 1,636, 405 1,389, 582 1,383,748 1,292, 179
Riga------------------------------------ 1906 1,553,696 1,391,566 1,230,927 1,167,296 1,563,874 1,398,036 1,324,866 1,267,161
- 1896 1, 149,232 962, 747 958,064 879,211 1, 155,289 963,646 967, 519 882,925
Odessa.---------------------------------- 1906 3, 177,762 3,068,330 1,531,875 1, 528,829 3, 139, 524 3,031, 126 1, 503,468 1,500, 460
1896 2,933, 404 2,826,733 1,751, 780 1,735,647 2,924, 488 1,805,958 1,745,012 1,727,368
Nikolaev-------------------------------- 1906 1,314,861 1,300, 539 945,830 945,830 1,309,229 1,293,960 960,397 960,397
1896 908,213 894, 654 646,360 643,420 899, 657 895,390 648,458 645,518
Taganrog-------------------------------- 1906 1, 187,069 1, 177,409 591, 942 587,049 1, 185,074 1, 174,672 596,861 591, 968
- 1896 1, 103,836 1,021, 556. 684,598 620,849 1, 103,596 1,021,680 682,354 620,274
Sebastopol------------------------------ 1906 783, 858 775,884 37,009 36,299 789, 421 780,522 39, 629 38,919
\. 1896 1, 153,214 1,143,167 220,820 219,416 1,154,996 1,145,219 219,677 218,241
* The figures for Southampton have been increased by the inclusion of vessels “calling off” the port to land or embark passengers or baggage; such vessels, unless
“brought to?” in the immediate vicinity of docks or quays, were excluded up to the end of 1906, but have been included from January 1, 1907.
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND systEMS OF THE WORLD.
Table 8–GROWTH OF THE VESSEL-TONNAGE MovKMENT AT
WORLD-Continued.
15CTUTER O PIED–Continued.
15
THE PRINCIPAL PORTS-OF THE
ENTERED. CLEARED.
COUNTRY AND PORT. Year. Total tonnage. In the foreign trade. Total tonnage. In the foreign trade.
All vessels. Steamers. All vessels. Steamers. All vessels. SteamerS. All vessels. Steamers.
RUSSIA—Continued. Net reg. toms. Net reg. tons. Net reg. tons. Net reg. tons. || Net reg. toms. Net reg. toms. Net reg. tons. Net reg. toms.
Theodosia--------... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906 997,687 990, 301 248,773 248,773 1,000, 553 992,954 252,655 252,655
1896 858,010 849,395 168,094 167,585 852, 418 843,636 161,801 161,292
Rerch---------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906 865,060 830, 758 26,369 25, 224 864,288 829, 177 16,916 15,885
1896 960,911 898,568 69,655 64,820 959, 746 899,315 70,377 65,280
Baku. ----------------------------------- 1906 3,906,798 3,671,949 175,726 153,042 3,898, 175 3, 661,605 177,978 159,858
1896 3, 726,405 3,230,367 120,984 89,698 3,742, 101 3,216,693 123,413 94, 561
Astrakhan.............................. 1906 3, 153,717 2,903, 112 45, 362 42,387 3, 154,627 2,904,741 48,336 43,727
1896 3,210, 162 2,716,215 46,266 42,763 3,217,326 2,720,472 24,995 22,968
SWEDEN: -
Stockholm---------------------- * - - - - - - - - 1906 3,036,118 2,347,449 857,147 795,738 3,054,234 2,357,567 379,712 351,528
1896 2,113,008 1,640,801 528,240 474,893 2,121,791 1,649,032 225,659 201,332
Helsingborg----------------------------- 1906 1,481,315 1,419,107 1,242,814 1,202,370 1,478,868 1,417,802 1,086,477 1,067,886
1896 1,092,263 1,010,863 916,302 852,911 1,092,383 1,009,664 814,291 786,128
Malmo. --------------------------------- 1906 1,286,085 1,220,386 939,420 892,845 1,288,968 1,222,351 669,297 652,512
1896 1,494,811 1,418,082 1,231,479 1,167,368 1,497,219 1,423,494 1,032,174 1,016,419
Gottenborg------------------------------ 1906 1,907,233 1,784,656 1,458,718 1,386,447 1,900,560 1,779,075 1,474,881 1,406,533
1896 1,373,353 1,243,676 1,043,778 952,177 1,387,880 1,256,942 1,049,923 950,735
NORWAY:
Christiania------------------------------ 1906 ||---------------------------- 1,318,343 1,203,386 ||--------------|-------------- 967,913 882,623
1896 ||--------------|-------------- 920,080 750,853 ||--------------|-------------- 610,912 208,840
DENMARK: g
Copenhagen.----------------------------- 1905 3,216,968 2,935,702 2,629,229 2,429,520 3,352,761 3,059,607 2,767,103 2,570,958
1895 2,631,719 2,337,990 2,095,592 1,884,059 2,660,566 2,365,441 2,103,272 1,886,261
NIETIILIRLANDS: &4. - -
Amsterdam----------------------------- 1906 ||---------------------------- 1,748,827 1,733,458 ||--------------|-------------- 1,668,601 1,653,867
- 1896 ||---------------------------. 1,253,450 1,216,645 ||--------------|-------------- 1,301,569 1,259,431
Rotterdam------------------------------ 1906 ||--------------|-------------- 8,618,772 8,424,782 ||--------------|-------------- 8,294,837 8,110,521
1896 ||--------------|-------------- 4,644,023 4,468,946 ||---------------------------- 4,715,657 4,535,159
BELGIUM:
Antwerp ---------------- : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1907 ||--------------|-------------- 11,211,803 10,981,228 ||--------------|-------------- 11,241,079 11,009,744
1897 ||---------------------------- 6, 181,922 5,972,914 ||---------------------------- 6, 132,429 5,932,576
FRANCE:
Dunkirk--------------------------------- 1906 2,285,479 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,968,387 -------------. 2,281,820 -------------- 2,018,492 |-------------.
1896 1,502,676 |...-...------- 1,300,698 -------------- 1,506,765 -------------- 1,268,729 |--------------
Boulogne-------------------------------- 1906 2,130,587 |...----------- 2,047,078 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,134,864 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,049,169 |-------------.
1896 803,395 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 707,362 -------------- 803,239 -------------- 704,459 |..............
Havre----------------------------------- 1906 4,183,533 ||-------------- 3,572,377 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4,418,125 ||-------------- 3,675,718 --------------
1896 2,727,998 |.............. 2,114,842 |-------------. .2,849,753 |-------------- 2,767,449 |..............
Rouen----------------------------------- 1906 1,707,832 ||-------------- 1,490,594 |-------------- 1,682,614 ||-------------- 1,389,015 --------------
1896 1,071,747 -----------... 792,928 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,065,584 |-------------- 789,885 |..............
Cherbourg------------------------------- 1906 2,595,093 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,551,553 -------------- 2,591,803 ||-------------- 2,524,909 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1896 575,055 |-------------. 517,269 |-------------- 581,332 |-------------- 521,647 |..............
Bordeaux-------------------------------. 1906 2,218,070 |... . . . . . . . . . . . 1,413,590 ||-------------. 2,251,610 -------------- 1,579,402 |....... . . . . . . .
1896 1,741,953 ||-------------- 1,089,593 |-------------. 1,815,533 -------------. 1,190,115 |..............
Marseille-------------------------------- 1906 7,938,344 |-------------. 6,736,603 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,978,775 -------------- 6,742,820 ---...........
1896 5,198,295 ||-----------... 4,032,259 |-------------. 5,292,055 -------------- 4,279,146 ------........
SPAIN: -
Bilbao. ---------------------------------- 1906 2,901,000 2,870,000 2,410,000 2,405,000 2,802,000 2,781,000 2,304,000 2,304,000
1896 ||--------------|-------------- 2,466,487 2,463,004 ||--------------|-------------- 2,372, 759 2, 371,699
Santander------------------------------- 1906 1,368,000 1,357,000 969,000 969,000 1,178,000 1, 168,000 764,000 764,000
- 1896 ||---------------------------- 767, 122 765,933 ||--------------|-------------- 579,455 579, 252
Corunna--------------------------------. 1906 1,634,000 1,606,000 1,023,000 1,020,000 1,671,000 1,643,000 871,000 869,000
1896 ||---------------------------- 745, 615 738, 172 ||--------------|-------------- 525, 184 523,919
Vigo.------------------------------------ 1906 1,440,000 1,418,000 1,025,000 1,019,000 1,534,000 1,519,000 1, 139,000 1, 139,000
1896 ||--------------|-------------- 772,699 766,046 ||--------------|-- - - - - - - - - - - - - 471, 379 471,060
Huelva.--------------------------------- 1906 2,064,000 2,051,000 1,011, 000 1,008,000 2,400,000 2,388,000 1, 186,000 1, 184,000
1896 ||--------------|-------------- 637, 599 632, 400 ||--------------|-------------- 739,235 738, 412
Cadiz.----------------------------------- 1906 1,999,000 1,915,000 1,213,000 1,141,000 2,010, 000 1,921,000 1, 183,000 1, 110,000
1896 ||---------------------------- 1, 102, 923 998, 527 ||--------------|-------------- 1,044, 198 926, 378
Malaga..... --------- gº tº se e º ºs e s º e s s a ºn tº e º ſº º sº 1906 1,582,000 1,558,000 652,000 643,000 1,841,000 1,816,000 959,000 951,000
1896 ||--------------|-------------- 700, 500 687,.640"--------------|-------------- 793,774 784, 156
16 TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
Table 8.-GROWTH OF THE WESSEL-TONNAGE MOVEMENT AT THE PRINCIPAL PORTS OF THE
- WORLD-Continued. -
IETUTER OF ED–Continued.
ENTERED. CLEARED.
COUNTRY AND PORT. Year. Total tonnage. In the foreign trade. Total tonnage. In the foreign trade.
All vessels. Steamers. All vessels. Steamers. All veSSels. SteamerS. All vessels. SteamerS.
SPAIN–Continued. Net reg. toms. Net reg. toms. Net reg. toms. Net reg. tons. Net reg. toms. Net reg. toms. Net reg. toms. Net rég. toms.
Alicante------------------------------... 1906 1,265,000 1,243,000 | 497,000 488,000 1, 516,000 1, 501,000 718,000 710,000
1896 ||---------------------------- 510,005 500,090 ||- - - - - - - --------------------- 577,637 571,973
Valencia. . . . . . . . . . . .--------------------- 1906 1,894,000 1,852,000 999,000 978,000 2, 123,000 2,085,000 1,249,000 1,236,000
1896 ||--------------|-------------- 950, 611 914, 592 ||--------------|-------------- 1, 123,527 1, 101,724
Barcelona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906 3,228,000 3, 131,000 1,988,000 1,942,000 3,519,000 3,441,000 1,491,000 1,458,000 •
- 1896 ||--------------|-------------- 1,693, 479 | 1,605, 397 ||--------------|-------------- 1, 479, 821 1,407,658
PORTUGAL: -
Lisbon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 5, 133,957 5,028,518 4,929,323 4,882,915 5,096,277 4,997, 183 4,894,735 4,852,898
1895 3, 454,749 3,297,613 3,315,265 3,200,663 3,436,659 3,266,301 3,282,902 3,163,726
Ponta Delgada (Azores)................. 1905 1, 170,587 1,141,499 1,044,810 1,025,375 1, 165,821 1, 138,550 1,048,275 1,029,475
- - 1895 588,025 523,424 | 492,920 437,321 576,809 535, 389 464,235 424,965
Funchal (Madeira). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1905 4,682,332 4,655,995 4, 557, 103 4, 538,569 4,686,965 4,662,235 4,564,259 4,548,428
1895 1, 109, 127 1,082,437 1,034,454 1,011,397 1, 106,788 1,078,335 1,029,393 1,005, 548
ITALY:
Genoa----------------------------------- 1906 6,794, 520 6,522, 250 5,450, 818 5,303,113 6,678,881 6,408,017 5,255,475 5,019, 413
1896 4, 171, 136 3,839,644 3, 514, 301 3,345,718 4,049,688 3,749,637 3, 194, 182 3,063,893
Naples---------------------------------. 1906 6,387,410 6,259,706 4,569,998 4, 546, 108 6,341, 635 6,218,210 4, 533,657 4, 517,406
1896 2,699,632 2,550,643 1,613,338 1, 589, 104 2,698,238 2,550,926 1, 556,295 1,548,745
Palermo--------------------------------- 1906 2,512, 187 2,422,451 1,395,637 1,385,485 2,512,308 2,424,853 1,401, 352 1,393, 139
1896 1, 576,252 1,471,648 658, 180 637,617 1, 588,213 1,484,019 922, 116 912, 576
Brindisi. -------------------------------. 1906 1,420,785 1,411,786 1,016, 130. 1,012,872 1,417,073 1,408,238 1,000,849 996, 461
s 1896 1,466,901 1,457,163 1, 129,310 1, 126,054 1,464,276 1,454,266 1, 102, 948 1,098,546
Venice---------------------------------- 1906 1,910,403 1,796,277 1,554,979 1, 465,345 1,912,712 1,798,038 1,575,500 1,507,072
1896 1,091,064 985,700 961,293 890,411 1,099, 485 990, 010 905, 702 834, 129
Messina--------------------------------- 1906 2,283,367 2, 233,454 1,319,411 1,306, 659 2,279,250 2,225,986 1, 352, 748 1,341, 326
1896 1,628,597 1,540,964 754,597 728,242 1,628,806 1,546,442 958,042 935,420
Catania.---------------------------------| 1906 1, 542, 514 1,467,262 896,201 871,997 1, 544,936 1,469, 127 957, 901 932,390
1896 1, 132, 142 1,014, 498 574, 112 548,020 1, 132,613 1,045,869 746, 443 716,487
Livorno--------------------------------- 1906 2,387, 110 2,254,787 1, 180,671 1, 156,709 2, 380, 508 2,248,964 1, 187,668 1, 169,291
1896 1,546,055 1,432,758 873,817 864,470 1,540, 996 1,425,618 805, 191 790, 565
GREECE: - - +- - - - -
Piraeus---------------------------------- 1906 ||---------------------------. 2,956,260 2,930,752 ||--------------|-------------- 2,597, 723 2,567,631
1900 ||---------------------------- 1,712,000 1,681,000 ||---------------------------- 1,868,000 1,846,000
Syra.-----------------------------------. 1906 ||--------------|-------------- 721,758 712,089 ||--------------|-------------- 786,259 772,877
1900 li--------------|-------------- 819,000 807,000 ||--------------|-------------- 986,000 971,000
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:
Trieste---------------------------------- 1907 3, 420, 475 3, 311, 518 2, 485,702 2,407,205 3,426,407 3,318,816 2,422, 110 2,338,322
1897 1,934, 384 1,809, 525 1,417, 958 1,339, 100 1,928,488 1,809,221 1,384,322 1,306, 369
Fiume----------------------------------- 1906 ‘ 2,070,421 1,987, 304 1, 221, 295 1, 170, 308 2,067, 180 1,985, 645 1,220, 113 1, 172,033
1896 1, 113,339 1,004, 437 673, 115 599, 444 1, 107,624 998, 180 691,825 624,821
BRITISH POSSESSIONS IN EUROPE:
Gibraltar-------------------------. . . . . . . 1906 4,695,287 4,641, 559 4,695,287 4,641, 559 4,678,533 4,636,348 4, 678, 533 4,636,348
--- - 1896 4, 334, 582 4,279, 400 4, 334, 582 4,279,400 4, 326,549 4,275, 589 4, 326,549 4,275, 589
Malta: Valletta a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906 3,645,906 3,596, 318 3,645,906 3,596,318 3,651,918 3,601,552 3, 651,918 3,601, 552
1896 3,293,200 3,203,801 3,293,200 || 3,203,801 3,291, 148 3,207,270 3,291, 148 3,207,270
TURKEY:
Constantinople b. . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1906 15,677,000 15,339,000 15, 493,000 15, 191,000 ||--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------
- 1900 10, 473,000 10,030,000 10,277,000 9,867,000 ||--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------
4… IN OJERTIEHI A NID SOTUTET ALIMIRXRICAL.
UNITED STATES: c
Boston and Charlestown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908 ||---------------------------- 2,864,912 2,779,178 ||--------------|-------------- 2,075,743 1,959,975
1898 ||--------------|-------------- 1,910,490 1,686,109 ||--------------|-------------- 1,661,872 1,463,256
New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908 ||---------------------------- 12,154,780 11,811,845 ||--------------|-------------- 11,939,964 11,663,795
- 1898 ||--------------|-------------- 7,771,412 7,008,431 il--------------|-------------- 7,576,630 6,798,409
Philadelphia...... . . . . . ------------------ 1908 ||---------------------------- 2,439,350 2,346,052 ||--------------|-------------- 2,477,206 2,370,846
1898 ||---------------------------- 1,636,149 1,387,494 ||--------------|-------------- 1,592,589 1,357,785
Baltimore................... * - * * * * * * * * * * 1908 ||--------------|-------------- 1,357,086 1,336,968 ||--------------|-------------- 1,447,468 1,428,883
1898 ||---------------------------- 1,654,361 1,600,263 ||--------------|-------------- 1,824,970 1,771,785
New Orleans.......................... -- 1908 ||---------------------------- 1,952,937 1,930,588 ||--------------|-------------- 2,079,565 2,062,160
1898 * - - - - - - - - - as ºs s sº * sº e º 'º e º 'º - e - - - - - 1,598,557 1,556,353 ||--------------|-------------- 1,641,960 1,602,358
*Year ended March 31 of the following year.
bIncludes aggregate tonnage of entrances and clearances. No other figures available.
c Years ended June 30 of years stated.
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND systEMS OF THE world.
Table 8,-GROWTH OF THE WESSEL-T
COUNTRY AND PORT.
|UNITED STATES–Continued.a.
Galveston. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Puget Sound. . . . . . . . -----
#
San Francisco. . . . . . . . . . . .
CANADA: b
Montreal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Victoria. ----------------.
Vancouver
MEXICO: a d
Tampico
Vera Cruz. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CUBA: a
TRINIDAD:
Port of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BRAZIL: e
Båhia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pernambuco (Recife). . . . .
|URUGUAY:
Montevideo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ARGENTINA:
Buenos Aires . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHILE:
Iquique-----------------.
Valparaíso... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
IN OERTIEH AN ID SOUTH AIMERICA –Continued.
ONNAGE MOVEMENT AT THE PRINCIPAL PORTS OF THE
WORLD-Continued.
Year.
|
ENTERED. CLEARED.
Total tonnage. In the foreign trade. Total tonnage. In the foreign trade.
All vessels. Steamers. All vessels. Steamers. All veSSels. Steamers. All vessels. Steamers.
1908
1898
1908
1898
1908
1898
* - ºn a º ºs º ºs º ºr º e º 'º -
• * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
c 1907
a 1898
c 1907
a 1898
c 1907
a 1898
c 1907
a 1898
c 1907
a 1898
c 1907
; a 1898
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * *m as a s
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
1907
1897
1907
1897
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * m tº sº.
1907
1907
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
c 1906
1896
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
1906
1902
1906
1902
1906
1902
1906
1902
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *s
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
1906
1896
* * * * * * * * * * * * * tº sº.
1906
1897
1906
1897
1906
1897
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
1907
1897
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1907
1897
* * * - ſº * * * * * * * * * * *
* Net reg. toms.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * *e sº º
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * sº º ºs
$ 8 & is a s & sº tº sº º an º ºs
3,978,275
3,536,123
2,253,778
1,009,743
1,773,610
1,054,031
1,526,310
866,402
2,117,417
1,493, 134
1,902,293
880,601
1,437,093
627, 536
1, 926,753
689,263
2,855, 780
1,067,059
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
1,548,769
1,374,602
3,443,004
2,632,231
2, 120,781
1,401, 460
1,327,029
1,103,691
7,956,000
3,732,702
6,330,028
4, 923,966
1,651,798
976,405
944,832
291,013
1,907, 652
1,010,490
2,212,279
1,340,265
Net reg. tons.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
3,336,742
2,640,982
2,218,948
919,908
1,585,817
760,771
1,306,031
563,115
2,046,948
1,434,560
1,642,968
823,642
1,433,763
591,645
1,907,445
662, 103
2,625,427
1,059,083
* * * * * * * * * * * * * s
* * * * * * * * * sº º sº e ºa
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
s tº º e º as sº sº sº e º ºs s =
* & 9 º' º = & & R = * * * *
7,770,000
3,440,629
5,462,230
4, 173,580
1,503, 183
822,661
903,324
227,376
1,623,006
687,468
2,034,468
1, 120,744
Net reg. toms.
913,325
760,087
1,753,784
1,048,849
1,051,732
1,096,279
1,363,972
1,049,769
1,248,958
605,138
1,076,424
629,416
1,083,616
540,926
1,377,808
959,220
994,830
397,686
1,273,026
600,268
1,524, 111
287,968
2,557,043
851,599
873, 106
597,734
1,229, 581
1, 120, 574
2,918,334
2,213, 168
1,825,008
1, 194,055
963,833
792,403
7,725,534.
1,991, 554
5, 119,291
2,866,499
1,082,876
438, 5.15
368,076
194, 152
165,556
159,748
1,457,554
783,244
Net reg. toms.
913,157
707,286
1,600,495
839,377
854,671
546,538
1,362,563
1,045,538
1,246,121
546,373
1,014,027
538,677
978,297
368,273
1,350,392
908,020
968,573
358,798
1,270, 533
567,954
1,518,224
270, 540
2,435,283
844, 407
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * ~ *
1,196, 140
1,082,712
2,847, 725
2, 124,944
1,809,632
1,171,363
936,675
735,271
7,578,310
1,791,302
4, 577,838
2, 473,505
1,013,091
381,408
349,682
168,426
15,239
19,424
1,292, 109
622,232
Net reg. tons.
* * * g e º sº º sº. # * e º sº
gº dº e º ºs º ºs e e s gº è is sº
sº tº s º º º sº sº e º gº sº tº sº
is sº sº º e s e º a s & s = e
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * as sº sº tº gº º ſº a sº º ºs &
3,895,138
3,619,011
2,210,960
848,836
1,673,464
1,059,509
1,562,989
886,617
2,081,585
1,489,341
1,934,838
934,364
1,434, 785
610,472
1,897,428
649, 371
2,851,918
1,074, 146
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
1, 542,801
1,373,068
3,435,932
2,622,557
2, 122,950
1,409,793
1,331, 195
1,096,009
7,868,000
3,718,233
6,252,710
3, 615,603
1,712,530
1,058,763
935,609
760,896
1,754,688
1,027,411
2,289,721
1,333, 101
Net reg. toms.
e tº e º 'º ºp º ºs º ºs s m sº *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
tº º ºs º ºs s as a tº gº tº e s sº
e sº tº gº tº º sº ºr ºr sº gº tº gº is
tº sº tº e º ºs e º ºs ºr e s tº sº.
3,252,020
2,708,182
2,187,843
726,881
1,490,706
773,698
1,319,960
568,868
2,016,568
1,453,541
1,671,351
865,731
1, 431,491
581,362
1,877,476
618,827
2,620,507
1,065,962
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
s = e º e º & º sº e º º ºs ºr
* & = * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
7,677,000
3,423,023
5,406,090
3,057, 108
1,555,079
870,386
896,299
557, 343
1,548,829
686,414
2,089,852
1,092,089
Net reg. toms.
a Years ended June 30 of years stated.
b Excluding tonnage of vessels in the lake and river trade between Canada and the United States.
c Years ended March 31 of following years.
d Gross tonnage.
e Total tonnage figures include those of vessels entere
d and cleared in the so-called “Longo curso e cabotagem.”
1,037,708
811,215
2,067,561
1,182,919
889,434
1,119,559
1,325,199
1,131,379
539,914
461,174
978,482
610,062
775,521
456,239
1,318,179
955,452
1,050,413
437,887
1,270,718
541,721
1,494,786
205,135
2, 544,563
847,671
894,056
588,670
1,223,589
1, 117, 123
2,913,386
2,200,283
1,824,984
1,200,578
968,896
785,088
7,634,162
1,942,861
4, 106,673
2,463,449
1,394, 187
594,608
596,453
528,268
270,792
257,035
1, 198,486
630,683
Net reg. toms.
1,037,131
757,161
1,772,014
868,059
761,425
538,338
1,325,199
1,125,580
532,545
372,877
915, 129
529,786
667,521
281,131
1,287,679
932,780
1,021,027
389,866
1,268,261
513,306
1,488,255
187,835
2,424,817
840, 439
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* & º º sº º gº º sº tº an º º sº.
1, 190,470
1,081, 106
2,841,627
2, 115, 110
1,811,054
1, 180,432
940,309
734,616
7,490,040
1,792,061
3,640, 400
2,072,468
1,301,975
496,897
584,044
500,790
102,279
6, 138
1, 135,223
617,616
18
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
Table 8,-GROWTH OF THE WESSEL-TONNAGE MOVEMENT AT THE PRINCIPAL PORTS OF THE
WORLD-Continued.
ASIA.
ENTERED. CLEARED.
COUNTRY AND PORT. Year. Total tonnage. In the foreign trade. Total tonnage. In the foreign trade.
All vessels. Steamers. All vessels. Steamers. All veSSels. Steamers. All vessels. Steamers.
CHINA: a Net reg. tons. Net reg. toms. Net reg. tons. Net reg. toms. Rat Teg. toms. Net reg. toms. Net reg. tons. Net reſ. tom8.
Canton. --------------------------------- 1907 2,370,162 2,329,298 |... -----------|-- . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,368,402 2,327,623 - ------------|--------------
1897 1,859,561 1,840,520 --------------|-------------- 1,858,503 1,839,462 ----------------------------
Hankow. --------------------...-----... 1907 2,290,712 2,177,285 |--------------|-------------- 2,285,808 2,171,788 --------------|--------------
- 1897 864,238 805,692 |--------------|-------------- 918,804 804,851 |--------------|--------------
Kiukiang------------------..... . . . . . . . . 1907 2,972,972 2,957,589 |--------------|-------------- 2,976,212 2,957,589 --------------|--------------
1897 1,325,229 1,308,258 --------------|-------------- 1,327,051 1,308,258 --------------|--------------
Wuhu. ---------------------------------- 1907 3,111,631 3,085,044 --------------|---------...-- 3,109,767 3,083,527 ----------------------------
# 1897 1,432,659 1,406,093 ---------------------------- 1,434,826 1,408,155 --------------|--------------
Nankin"-------------------------------- 1907 2,622,800 2,603,032 |--------------|-------------- 2,622,803 2,603,035 |--------------|--------------
- 1900 588,191 569,363 -...------------------------ 587,408 569,363 --------------|--------------
Chinkiang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 3,416,100 3,294,135 --------------|-------------- 3,415,995 3,294,030 --------------|--------------
1897 1,767,512 1,621,708 --------------|-------------- 1,768,227 1,621,708 --------------|--------------
Shanghai. ------------------------------- c 1907 8,663,541 8,280,517 --------------|-------------- 8,973,434 8,298,881 ----------------------------
1897 3,973,083 3,805,440 |--------------|-------------- 3,996,591 3,828,353 |--------------|--------------
Chefoo. --------------------------------- 1907 1,965,669 1,965,596 ---------------------------- 1,963,386 1,963,313 --------------|--------------
1897 1,193,003 1,184,976 --------------|-------------- 1,192,298 1,185,671 --------------|--------------
JAPAN:
Yokohama. ---------------...----------- 1907 ||---------------------------- 3,562,312 3,550,708 ||... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -------- 3,336,956 3,327,372
- 1897 ||---------------------------- 520,417 459,697 ||--------------|-------------. 375,823 320,443
Kobe------------------------------------ 1907 ||--------------|-------------- 5,497,877 5,483,766 ||---------------------------- 5,426,971 5,409,320
1897 ||--------------|-------------- 740,851 682,159 ||---------------------------- 472,942 407,993
Moji------------------------------------- 1907 H---------------------------. 4,745,456 4,743,773 ||---------------------------- 4,641,282 4,639,612
1897 ||--------------|-------------- 534,678 534,198 ||---------------------------- 546,442 545,962
Nagasaki-------------------------------. 1907 ||---------------------------- 2,712,052 2,706,141 ||--------------|-------------- 2,684,327 2,679,043
1897 ||--------------|-------------- 1,018,030 973,602 ||--------------|-------------- 742,682 705,313
RUSSIA, ASIATIC:
NovoroSSisk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ • * * * * * 1906 1,518,350 1,509,959 641,715 640,089 1,560,407 1,558,966 683,835 682,209
1896 1,509,795 1,497,785 629,836 628,448 1,515,216 1,502,669 636,048 634,017
Batum. --------------------------------- 1906 1,062,208 | < 1,030,589 615,819 591,277 1,051,304 1,029,997 592,764 568,993
1896 1,291,266 1,215,829 754,446 683,746 1,271,715 1,196,579 728,597 659,036
ADEN: ** ----------------------------------. 1906 3,134,101 3,133,403 3,134,101 3,133,403 3,135,158 3,135,158 3,135,158 3,135,158
1896 2,416,266 2,416,266 2,416,266 2,416,266 2,414,435 2,414,435 2,414,435 2,414,435
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS: e
Singapore. ------------------------------ 1906 6,672,789 6,656,520 6,672,789 6,656,520 6,661,549 6,642,129 6,661,549 6,642,129
1896 3,992,905 3,918,902 3,992,905 3,918,902 3,993,605 3,921,055 3,993,605 3,921,055
Penang--------------------------------- 1906 2,868,459 2,868,057 2,868,459 2,868,057 2,868,459 2,868,057 2,868,459 2,868,057
1896 1,841,544 1,833,847 1,841,544 1,833,847 1,846,087 1,838,390 1,846,087 1,838,390
CEYLON: -
Colombo f...... ------------------------. 1906 6,281,164 6,236,858 6,281, 164 6,236,858 6,233,860 6,190,560 6,233,860 6,190,560
1896 ||---------------------------- 3,081,263 --------------|---------------------------. 3,118,364 |... . . . . . . . . . . .
HONGKONG:
Victoria 9-...----------------------------- 1906 9,941,261 9,915,205 9,941,261 9,915,205 9,892,405 9,871,946 9,892,405 9,871,946
1896 ||---------------------------- 7,609,047 --------------|--------------|-------------- 7,608,828 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BRITISH INDIA: d -
Bombay.-------------------------------- 1906 ||---------------------------- 1,787,725 1,762,674 ||---------------------------- 1,459,054 1,441,413
1896 ||--------------|-------------- 1,396,726 1,214,869 ||--------------|-------------- 1,228,596 1,064,134
Calcutta.-------------------------------- 1906 ||---------------------------- 1,646,066 1,631,284 ||--------------|-- tº gº º is as * * * * * * * 1,652,766 1,639,351
1896 ||---------------------------- 878,268 709,282 ||---------------------------- 883,530 716,879
AIFFIC A.
EGYPT: |
Port Said... . . . . . . . . . . . ... --------------- 1907 || 1,537,893 1,527,230 1,332,696 1,322,033 1,446,621 1,435,337 1,385,403 1,374,119
1897 || 1,182,833 ; & ſº gº º sº º ºs º ºs e º 'º º ºs I º º sº tº º ºs º º tº º tº $ tº * |…..…….…
Alexandria------------------------------ 1907 | 3,442,270 3,300,747 3,374,764 3,233,241 3,411,709 3,283,119 2,978,462 2,849,872
1897 | 2,128,144 |.............. • * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2,270,836 2,148,447 ..............]..............


a Exclusive of native craft.
b No figures available prior to 1900.
c Including towed passenger boats and cargo junks.
d Year, ended March 31 of following years.
e Exclusive of native craft, warships, transports, yachts, and sailing and steam vessels under 50 tons, but including vessels engaged in trade between the Settlements.
J Exclusive of vessels engaged in trade with foreign Indian ports and native craft,
9 Excluding Chinese junks.
2,267,120
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
Table 8, GROWTH OF THE WESSEL-T
AIFERICA –Continued.
19
ONNAGE MOVEMENT AT THE PRINCIPAL PORTS OF THE
WORLD-Continued. -
i ENTERED. CLEARED.
COUNTRY AND PORT. ! Year. Total tonnage. In the foreign trade. Total tonnage. In the foreign trade.
- All vessels. Steamers. All vessels. Steamers. All vessels. SteamerS. All vessels. Steamers.
—- - - - - - --~~~---> ---, - - ---------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- * * * ~ * : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | -
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE: . Net reg. tons. Net reg. tons. Net reg. tons. Net reg. toms. || Net reg. tons. Net reg. tons. Net rég. tons. Net reg. tons.
tº Cape Town..............................; 1907 2,879,683 2,837,032 1,693,710 1,653,762 2,882,673 2,835,825 1,610,645 1,564,479
º 1897 2,345,899 2,032,663 1,697,269 1,386,369 2,358,626 2,039,459 1,398,716 1,090,468
# Port Elizabeth. ----------------------... 1907 || 1,717,733 1,683,922 56,037 24,321 || 1,726,416 1,693,606 138,622 107,428
. 1897 1,785,613 1,637,320 309,506 168,345 || 1,783,669 1,650,401 315,936 193,047
§ East London.--------------------------. 1907 1,479,070 1,454,894 87,542 67,025 i 1,482,624 1,459,581 197,472 177,688
- 1897 1,576,156 1,539, 533 641,269 612,045 1,574,374 1,538,436 945,844 . 910,396
NATAL: r
Port Natal (Durban). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 2,540,596 2,481,639 1,821,458 1,763,559 2,513,463 2,455,329 1,516,650 1,461,844
| 1898 1,264,591 1,184,007 1,264,591 1,184,007 1,262,231 1,169,406 1,262,231 1,169,406
ALGERIA: :
Algiers. --------------------------------- 1907 a 7,152,758 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,288,999 |... . . . . . . . . . . . a 7,154,791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,308,846 ---...-------.
Oran. ----------------------------------- 1907 b2,292,767 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,418,455 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b 2,297,047 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,495,721 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CANARY ISLANDS: -
Las Palmas.-------------------- " * - * * * * * * * 1906 4,325,123 4,309,287 |... -----------|----------...-- 4,109,048 4,100,050 i... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ----------
Santa Cruz. ----------------------------- 1906 5,726,404 5,712,808 --------------|-------------- 5,872,166 5,862,796 ----------------------------
--- - - ------- |
OCIEA-INI-AL.
--------- - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - ------------------
AUSTRALIA: i
Sydney---------------------------------- 1906 5,430,498 4,975,746 c869,506 c 604,533 3,278,216 3,187,712 c 787,342 c 705,555
1896 2,104,613 1,805,484 |--------------|-------------- 1,806,438 1,633,866 --------------|--------------
Melbourne------------------------------. 1906 4,310,914 4,104,052 c 469,641 c316,489 3,896,803 3,733,160 c 296,573 c 180,136
1896 2,195,878 2,029,291 |--------------|-------------- 2,161,522 1,987,713 --------------|--------------
Port Adelaide--------------------------- 1906 2,877,702 2,711,286 c353, 540 c 201,387 2,667,580 2,491,479 c 285,254 c 242,882
1896 1,462,286 |--------------|--------------|-------------- 1,412,360 --------------|--------------|--------------
Newcastle. -----------------------------. 1906 2,124,279 d 1,081,159 c687,613 c 460,299 1,762,472 | d 1,241,107 c 946,521 c 425,338
1896 783,669 384,161 ----...-------|-------------- 1,084,220 544,028 --------------|--------------
Freemantle. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1906 || 1,556,444 1,535,180 c 547,052 c527,899 1,574,593 1,551,315 c 433,867 c 432,648
1896 232,299 172,287 --------------|-------------- 177,074 148,661 |... . . . . . . . ------------------
i |

a Includes “Calls,” 4,568,352 tons entered, and 4,566,724 tons cleared.
b Includes “Calls,” 593,011 tons entered and cleared.
c Exclusive of vessels from or to “Over-Sea, via other States” of the Commonwealth.
d Exclusive of coastwise steamers, which are not separately stated.
20
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
Table 9,-ANNUAL AVERAGE FREIGHT IRATES.
AVERA GE RATES PER BUSHEL OF WHEAT BY LAKE, CANAL, AND RAIL, FROM CEIICAGO TO NEW YORK,
AND FIROM NEW YORK TO LIVERPOOL, BY STEAM, 1863–1907.
[Prepared by Mr. Henry Heinzer, statistician, New York Produce Exchange.]

1 CHICAGO TO NEW YORK. CHICAGO TO NEW YORK.
CALEND AR YEAR - * New yOrk CALEND AR YEAR New York
~~~ * | By lake | By all | Liverpool. - e *| By lake | By all Liverpool.
Canal.a. and rail. rail. : canal.a and rail. rail.
|
------------- ------- - - | - - -
Cents. Cents. Cents Pemce. Cents. Cents. Cents. Pence.
1863. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.91 |---------------------|------------ 1886----------------------------------- 8. 71 12. 0 16, 5 34%
1864. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .------------------ 28, 36 ----------|-----------|-----------. 1887----------------------------------. 8, 51 12. 0 b 15. 74 2}
1865. . . . . . . . ---------------------------- 26.62 ---------------------|------------ 1888----------------------------------- 5.93 11.0 b 14.5 2;
1866------------------------------------ 29. 61 |. . . . . . . . . . 46. 1 4; ; 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.89 b8.7 15.0 34;
1867------------------------------------ 22. 36 . . . . . . . . . . 44, 2 5% || 1890.......................------------ 5, 85 8.5 1431 2.É.
1868------------------------------------ 22. 79 29, 0 42.6 iš i 1891----------------------------------- : 5.96 8.53 15.0 3}
1869.----------------------------------. 25. 12 25. 0 35. 1 6łł || 1892. ---------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . i 5, 61 7.55 14.23 2g
1870------------------------------------ 17, 1]. 22. 0 33.3 5% ll 1893-----------------------------. . . . . . : 6, 33 8.44 147 2;
1871. ----------------------------------- 20. 24 25, 0 31.0 83 || 1894................................... 4. 44 7.0 12.88 1};
1872------------------------------------ 24, 47 28. 0 33.5 73 || 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 4. 11 6.95 12. 17 2#,
1873. . . . . . -----------------------------. 19. 19 26.9 33.2 10% || 1896................................... : 5.38 7. 32 12. 0 2};
1874----------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. 1 16.9 28.7 8# iſ 1897-...------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * 4, 35 7. 37 12, 32 3%
1875------------------------------------ 11, 43 14, 6 24. 1 8% || 1898-----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------------- 4.42 4.96 11. 55 #.
1876------------------------------------ 9, 58 11, 8 16.5 8 1899---------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 65 6.63 11.13 2#.
1877------------------------------------ 11. 24 15.8 20.3 7 1900. . . . . . . . . -------------------------- 4.42 5. 05 c 9, 98 3#
1878------------------------------------ 9. 15 11. 4 17.7 7# || 1901----------------------------------- 5. 14 5, 57 c 9.92 13.
1879.----------------------------------- 11. 6 13. 3 17.3 Öiº || 1902----------------------------------- 5. 25 5.78 c 10.60 11%;
1880------------------------------------ 12. 27 15. 7 19.9 5%; 1903----------------------------------- 5. 44 6. 17 c 11.33 1%
1881------------------------------------ 8. 19 10.4 14. 4 * || 1904----------------------------------- 4.71 5.02 || C 11.11 1%
1882------------------------------------ 7. 89 10.9 14, 6 3}} || 1905----------------------------------- 5, 51 6, 44 | c. 10.20 1g
1888------------------------------------ 8. 37 11. 5 16.5 44%. Il 1906----------------------------------. 5.94 6. 48 c 10, 50 1%
1884------------------------------------ 6. 31 9.95 13. 125 & 1907.......…..................... . 6.68 6.97 c 11.30 1%
1885------------------------------------ 5.87 9. 02 14.0 31%

a Including canal tolls until 1882, but not Buffalo transfer charges.
b Averages based upon officially published tariffs; actual rates lower.
c For domestic consumption; local rate for export only 9.08 cents in 1900, 9.02 cents in 1901, and 8.75 cents in 1902; and, when consigned or delivered to steamer
8.89 cents in 1903, 8.47 cents in 1904, 7.99 cents in 1905, 8.10 cents in 1906, and 9.70 cents in 1907.
RATES AND TOLLS CN WEHEAT FROM BUFFALO TO NEW YORK, AND ELEVATING AND STORA GE RATES AT
BUFFALO, 1871–1907.a
[Prepared by the Secretary of the Buffalo Chamber of Commerce, previously the Merchants' Exchange.]
| Avrº
cºal ºf tº ſº; ºn ºf all ºf ºak ºf tº ſº;
YEAR. º storage. © YEAR. º Storage.c YEAR. º storage."
--- ------------------ - - - - A - --- --- ~~~i- |
Cents. Cent8. Cents. || Cents. Cents. Cents. Cents. Cents. Cents.
1871. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 6 3, 1 1.25 || 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 . . . . . . . . . . 0.875 || 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 - - - - - - - - - - 0, 875
1872- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 3. 1 1.25 || 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 8 '... . . . . . . . .875 || 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 |---------. . 500
1873. . . . . . . . . . . . .----- 11.4 3. 1 1.25 || 1886- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 ---....... . 875 || 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 3.0 i.--------- . 500
1874------------------ 10. 0 3.1 1.25 || 1887. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 !---------- .875 || 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 l---------- . 500
1875- - ---------------- 7. 9 2.0 1.0 || 1888.................. 3. 4 ---------- .875 || 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 ---------- . 500
1876- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 6 2. 0 1.0 || 1889.................. 4.8 . . . . . . . . . . , 875 || 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 ---------- . 500
1877-------------...-- 7.4 1.0 1.0 || 1890.................. 3. 8 [...------- .875 || 1903.................. 4.0 ---------- . 500
1878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 1.0 1.0 || 1891.................. 3.5 |... . . . . . . . . 875 || 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 ---------- . 500
1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 1.0 1.0 il 1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 |... . . . . . . . . 875 || 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 |---------- . 500
1880-----------------. 6, 5 1.0 1.0 || 1893.................. 4.6 [...------- .875 || 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... i 4.2 ---------- . 500
1881------------------ 4. 7 1. () .875 || 1894.................. 3.2 ---------- .875 || 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 i.--------- . 500
1882. ----------------- 5.4 1.0 .875 || 1895.................. 2.2 ---------- . 875 . i
1883------------------ 4.9 |---------- .875 || 1896.................. 8.7 ---------. . 875 i
} |
a Prior to 1870 tolls were 6.21 cents per bushel and the elevating charge 2 cents.
b Tolls abolished after j882.
c Storage varied; 5 to 10 days the limit.
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND systEMS OF THE WORLD.
Table 9.-ANNUAL AVERAGE FREIGHT RATES-Continued.
AVERAGE RATES ON PROVISIONS, ETC. (PER 100 POUNDs), CHICAGO TO EUROPEAN PORTs, ALL RAIL To
SEA BOARD, THENCE BY STEAMERS, CALENDAR YEARS 1895–1908.
[Prepared by secretary of the Board of Trade, Chicago.]
21



SEIIPPED TO- ARTICLE. 1895. 1896 | 1897 1898 1899 || 1900 1901 || 1902 | 1903 1904 1905 || 1906 | 1907 1908
Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. | Dolls. Dolls. | Dolls. | Dolls. Dolls. | Dolls.
Liverpool.-------------- Grain------------------- 0.3200 | 0.3350 | 0.3360 | 0.3435 | 0.2972 0.2948 0.2147 0.2085 0.2268 0.2019 0.1916 || 0, 1875 0.1922 0.1901
D0------------------ Sacked flour...... ------ . 3400 .3430 .3681 . 3766 .3012. .2790 | . 2300 | . 2350 .2519 | . 2100 | .2240 | . 2050 | . 2125 . 2075
Do------------------ Provisions. ------------- .4181 .4491 .4440 .4715 .4050 .4884 .3600 .3625 | . 4190 .3656 | .3849 .4100 | .4085 . 4257
Glasgow.---------------- Grain. ------------------ . 3419 .3422 .3523 | . 3600 . .3235 | .3098 | . 2410 | . 2175 .2443 .2238 | . 2000 | . 1925 | . 1967 . 1863
D0------------------ Sacked flour. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3625 .3650 .3906 .3906 | .3125 .3156 . 2438 .2275 .2538 .2320 .2250 .2360 .2391 , 2200
D0------------------ Provisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4969 | . 4997 | . 5250 | . 5250 | . 4469 .5531 .4516 | . 4188 .4688 | . 4406 | . 4323 | . 4563 | . 4688 .4688
London----------------- Grain------------------- . 3329 | . 3348 .3400 .3500 .3060 | .3110 | . 2323 .2175 .2356 .2150 | . 2023 . 1925 .2054 . 1946
D0------------------ Sacked flour...... ------ . 3513 | .3528 .3612 | . 3725 .3350 .3501 | . 2550 .2400 . .2519 .2225 | .2364 .2250 | .2363 | . . 2316
Do------------------ Provisions... ----------- .4603 | .4715 .4814 | . 4969 .4414 .5587 .4475 .3906 | .4406 .4406 .4088 .4626 .4626 . 4626
Antwerp----------------|----- do------------------ .4828 . 4969 | . 5109 .5250 | . 4750 5109 | .4625 | .4150 | . 4969 .4828 .4370 .4761 .4556 . 4959
Hamburg-------------------- do. ----------------- .5000 .5100 | . 5100 .5200 .4600 .5000 | .4400 .3900 | .4700 .4600 | .4575 .4900 | .4600 . 4949
Amsterdam-------------|----- do------------------ . 5000 | .5200 | .5200 .5250 .4700 | . 5100 .4500 .4000 | .4200 .4200 .4542 | .4000 | .4500 . 4500
Rotterdam. -------------|----- do------------------ . 4800 | . 5200 | . 5200 . 5250 | . 4700 | . 5100 . 4500 .4000 | . 4200 | . 4200 | . 4453 . 4600 | .4500 . 4500
Copenhagen.------------|----- do------------------ . 5531 . 5812 . 5728 . 5813 | . 5172 | . 5531 | . 4775 | .4200 | . 4969 .4688 . 4866 | . 5100 | . 5100 . 5396
Stockholm --------------|----- do------------------| . 6656 | . 6937 | . 6853 . 6925 | . 6297 j . 6450 .5325 | . 4500 | . 5250 . 4969 .5147 | . 5350 | . 5300 . 5466
Stettin.-----------------|----- do------------------ . 5531 | . 5812 | . 5728 . 5813 | . 5172 . . 5531 .4775 .4200 | . 4969 .4688 . 4818 .5000 .4900 . 5185
Bordeaux. ------------------- do------------------ . 6413 | . 6413 | . 6413 | . 6575 | . 5912 | . 6412 | . 5425 | . 5125 | . 5625 | . 5625 | . 5145 | . 5300 | . 5500 . 5500
AvHRAGE RATES ON GRAIN AND FLOUR FROM ST. LOUIS TO various POINTS, 1881–1907.
[Prepared by Mr. George H. Morgan, secretary Merchants' Exchange, St. Louis, Mo.]


TO Nº. flºans TO seyºak BY TO LIVERPOOL. TO *Y. fºss TO Nº.York BY TO LIVERPOOL.
CALEND AIR º © CALEND AIR & r;Y 7":
YEAR. º sº." 9. * On wheat. On flour Vºy Yºy YEAR. - º sº 9. lºst On wheat. On flour Vº Vºy
by barges per 100 per ſon wheat wheat by barges per 100 per ſon wheat wheat
p.9 ° per pounds. barrel. per per per 100 per" | pounds. barrel. per per
pounds. bushel. bushel. bushel. pounds. blishel. bushel. bushel.
Cents. Cents. Cents. | Cents. Cents Cents Cents. Cents. Cents. Cents. Cents. Cents.
1881----------------- 20. 0 6. 0 32.0 64.0 l-------------------- 1895 °- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.0 5.95 23. 57 47.0 12. 13 18.33
1882----------------- 20. 0 6.42 29. 5 59.0 22.66 23.66 || 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.54 5.0 23. 0 46.0 13, 50 19.67%
1883----------------- 17.75 5.5 33. 0 66. 0 19.58 27.0 1897---------------- 10.83 4.88 23. 64 47. 26 12. 89 20.33
1884----------------- 14.0 6.63 26. 0 52.0 14.58 21.25 || 1898-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10. 0 4.50 22.25 45. 10 14.24 20.32
1885----------------- 15.0 6.4 22. 14 44.29 15. 11 20. 5 1899.--------------- 10.0 4.50 21.95 43. 90 12.33 17. 88
1886----------------- 16.0 6. 5 29.0 58. 0 16.17 24.0 1900---------------- 10. 0 b 4.25 19. 38 38.76 14.64 18. 41
1887----------------- 18.0 6.5 32. 13 64.25 || 14.8 24.8 1901---------------- 10. 0 b 4.25 19. 33 38.66 9. 48 14.03
1888----------------- 15. 0 6, 5 29. 5 59.0 15, 17 22.95 || 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. 0 b 4. 20 20.66 41. 32 8. 53 15. 33
1889----------------- 17.93 5.95 28.5 58. 0 17.33 24.97 || 1903---------------- 10. 0 b 5.0 21.25 42. 50 10. 0 16.02
1890.---------------- 15. 66 6. 58 27. 63 5.2. 63 14.33 21. 48 || 1904----------------|----------|---------- 21.51 43.02 ---------- 15.25
1891----------------- 16.28 6.88 29.0 58. 0 15. 75 23.55 || 1905----------------i-------------------- 20, 50 41.00 l. --------- 15. 60
1892----------------- 16. 87 6.50 26. 62 58. 0 14. 0 21.0 1900----------------|----------|---------- 20. 50 41.00 ---------- 15. 23
1893----------------- 17. 54 6. 55 28, 5 57. 0 14.71 21.72 || 1907--------------------------|---------- 20. 50 41.00 ---------- 15. 87
1894----------------- 17. 14 5. 89 24. 73 50. 0 11.69 18, 71 li 1908--------------------------|---------- 19.50 c 40. 33 |.......... 14. 78
a The figures represent published rates since 1895.
b F. O. b. New Orleans.
c 41 cents, January 1 to May 1; 40 cents, May 1 to December 31.
22
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
Table 10–MEAN
[Statement prepared by the British Board of Trade.]
YEARLY OcEAN FREIGHT RATES ON CERTAIN CLASSES OF GOODS CARRIED BY STEAM-
SHIPS FROM NEW YORK TO LIVERPOOL, CALENDAR YEARS 1884–1903.

CLASS OF GOODS. 1884 1885 1886. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893
Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars.
Peals--------------------------------------------- per standard.. 13.06 11.84 11. 63 10.63 14.58 16. 10 12. 15 11. 39 12. 15. 10.33
Grain----------------------------------------------- per bushel. . . 07 . 06 . 06 . 05 .05 . 07 . 04 . 06 . 05 .04
Plour--------------------------------------------------- per ton 3.05 2. 76 2.82 2.22 2. 32 3. 33 2.44 2.73 2.48 2. 26
Beef-------------------------------------------------- per tierce . 89 .77 . 77 . 63 . 71 1.05 ... 81 .95 . 69 . 69
Pork------------------------------------------------- per barrel . 75 . 59 . 63 . 51 . 52 . 76 . 61 . 63 . 45 . 49 -
Provisions (chiefly bacon).---------------------........ per ton 5. 09 4, 26 4. 34 3. 62 3. 83 5. 70 4, 15 4. 34 3. 64 3. 65
CLASS OF GOODS. 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903
Dollars. | Dollars. | Dollars. | Dollars. Dollars. | Dollars. | Dollars. | Dollars. Dollars. | Dollars.
Deals------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - per standard. . 10. 02 10, 17 10.33 10. 02 11. 55 11. 24 14, 27 11.84 9. 11 9. 41
Grain----------------------------------------------- per bushel. . 03 . 04 . 05 . 06 . 06 .04 . 06 . 02 .02 .02
Flour--------------------------------------------------- per ton. . 1.89 1.88 2.61 2. 74 3. 34 2. 55 3. 07 1. 44 1, 80 1.82
Beef-------------------------------------------------- per tierce. . .58 . 53 . 72 . 68 . 86 . 66 . 87 . 36 . 47 . 50
Pork------------------------------------------------- per barrel.. .42 . 35 . 50 . 48 . 64 . 49 . 65 . 28 . 35 .46
Provisions (chiefly bacon)................--------------. per ton. . 3. 38 2. 76 3. 58 3.54 4. 60 3, 47 4. 44 1. 78 2. 39 2. 59
Table 11.—WORLD'S DEVELOPMENT OF CARRYING POWER, PRODUCTION, AND COMMERCE, 1800–1907.



COMMER.C.E. CARRYING IPOWER. rºWºº, º Area º:
YEAR. Pºla ------- #. gº. Cables. tº: d :
Total. ci. Sail. Steam. Total. Cotton. Coal. Pig iron. º nāºa.
Millioms
of dol- & Thousand | Thousand | Thousand || Thousand | Thousand | Thousand || Million | Million | Million || Million Million.
Millioms. lars. Dollars. to??.S.0. tomS.a tonS. a b || miles.a. Tmiles. niles. || pownds.a tons. i07, S.G. acres.a | dollars.c
1800 d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 1,479 2. 31 4,026 ||---------- 4,026 ||----------|----------|---------- 520 11. 6 0. 5 360 128. 5
1820 °-------------- 780 1,659 2. 13 5,814 0.023 5,894 ||------------------------------ 630 17.2 1.0 402 76. 1
1830 e... . . . . . . . . . . . 847 1,981 2. 34 7,100 . 111 7, 528 0.2 ----------|---------- 820 25, 1 1.6 (?) 94.5
1840 f-------------- 950 2. 789 2.93 9,012 . 372 10,482 5.4 |----------|---------- 1,310 44.8 2.7 492 134.8
1850 f-------------. 1,075 4.049 3. 76 11, 470 . 864 14,902 24.0 5 a's 1, 435 81.4 4. 4 (?) 363.9
1860 f-------------. 1,205 7, 246 6. 01 14,890 1. 723 21,730 67. 4 100 1% 2,551 142. 3 7.2 583 1,334. 0
18709.-------...... 1,310 10,663 8. 14 12,900 3. 012 25, 100 139.9 281 15 2,775 213. 4 11.9 (?) 1,263.0
1880 h. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,439 || 14,761 10. 26 14,400 5. 901 37,900 224, 9 440 49 3,601 340. 0 18.1 749 1, 150.8
1890 *... . . . . . . . . . . . 1,488 17,519 11. 80 12,640 8.295 47,800 390.0 768 132 5,600 466. 0 25.2 807 | 1,060. 1
1900--------------- 1,543 20, 105 13.02 8, 119 13, 856 63, 543 500. 0 1, 180 200 6,247 800. 0 41.4 875 2, 100.0
1906--------------- 1,600 || 26. 500 16.50 5,469 21. 094 89,845 j 562.8 1,200 200 k 9, 971 ! 987. 9 7m 58. 1 900 3,095.0
1907---------------|---------- …]… 5,200 22, 140 93,760 || 595.8 |..........].......... k 8, 256 || 1,079. 6 m 59.7 ||- - - - - - - - - - 3,259.5
a Mulhall’s estimate, except 1830, 1890, 1900, 1906, and 1907.
b Steam tonnage reduced to sail by multiplying by 4.
c Soetbeer's estimates prior to 1860.
d Malte-Brun's estimate for 1804.
e Based on Balbi's estimate for 1828.
f Based on Michelet’s estimate for 1845.
g Based on Behm-Wagner estimate for 1874.
h Levasseur’s estimate for 1878.
* Royal Geographic Society estimate.
3 Estimates of the Archiv für Eisenbahnwesen.
k Estimates of the United States Census Office.
! Estimates of the United States Geological Survey.
m Estimates of the “Mineral Industry.”
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD. º 23
Table 12, FOREIGN COMMERCE OF THE PRINCIPAL PORTS OF THE WORLD.
PORT. *. Imports. Exports. coºke |PORT. * Imports. | Exports. coºke
year. year.
EUROPE. - NORTH AMERICA—Continued.
UNITED KINGDOM : UNITED STATES.–Continued. Dollars. Dollars. Pollars.
London (including Queens- Dollars. IDollars. Dollars. BOSton and Charlestown, Mass. . 1908 93,679,000 | 96,051,000 189,730,000
borough)--------------------- 1907 1,020,372,000 |601,212,000 | 1,621,584,000 Galveston, Tex-------. . . . . . . . . . 1908 5,694,000 161,352,000 | 167,046,000
Liverpool---------------------- 1907 || 780,612,000 |807,086,000 | 1,587,698,000 Philadelphia, Pa.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908 63,432,000 ||109,261,000 || 172,693,000
Hull--------------------------- 1907 192,730,000 |149,857,000 342,587,000 Baltimore, Md. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908 29,477,000 | 89,989,000 119,466,000
Glasgow------------------------ 1907 73,994,000 |150,374,000 224,368,000 San Francisco, Cal. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908 48,251,000 28,000,000 76,251,000
Manchester (including Run- + Savannah, Ga--. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908 2,044,000 | 61,695,000 63,739,000
corn)------------------------- 1907 147,952,000 81,887,000 229,839,000 || Puget Sound, Wash. . . . . . . . . . . . 1908 22,209,000 44,033,000 | 66,242,000
Southampton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1907 | 98,116,000 91,819,000 | 189,935,000 || CANADA: | !
Harwich----------------------- 1907 92,260,000 || 26,365,000 118,625,000 Montreal a c -----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908 95,327,000 | 89,783,000 185,110,000
Grimsby----------------------- 1907 || 54,079,000 | 84,920,000 138,999 000 || MEXICO: b
Leith-------------------------- 1907 67,526,000 34,277,000 || 101,803,000 Tampico.---------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 17,712,000 39,964,000 57,676,000
Bristol------------------------- 1907 || 65,755,000 || 17, 184,000 82,939,000 Vera Cruz---------------------- 1907 32,847,000 24,138,000 56,985,000
Tyne ports--------------------- 1907 50,423,000 || 54,774,000 105,197,000 || CUBA: i -
Cardiff------------------------- 1907 26,872,000 || 69,102,000 95,974,000 Habana"----------------------- 1907 67,644,000 46,150,000 113,794,000
GERMANY: - SOUTH AMERICA.
Hamburg---------------------- 1907 851,401,000 666,928,000 1,518,329,000
Bremen------------------------ 1907 | 209,807,000 |207,532,000 || 507,339,000 || *N* |
BELGIUM: Buenos Aires----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 221,376,000 124,747,000 346,123,000
Antwerp----------------------- 1907 538,546,000 |442,139,000 | 980,685,000 || *
FRANCE: Santos------------------------- 1906 31, 109,000 98,435,000 129,544,000
Marseille----------------------- 1906 268,719,000 |224,886,000 493,605,000 Rio de Janeiro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906 65,624,000 36,309,000 101,933,000
Havre.------------------------- 1906 245,320,000 |206,431,000 || 451,751,000 || *
Dunkirk. ---------------------- 1906 144,887,000 || 33,978,000 178,865,000 Valparaiso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 50,793,000 4,766,000 55,559,000
* Bordeaux...................... 1906 62,993,000 || 75,993,000 || 138,986,000 Iquique------------------------ 1907 || 10,085,000 || 35,437,000 || 45,522,000
ITAix : |URUGUAY: y
Genoa-------------------------- 1907 || 147,900,000 || 67,921,000 215,821,000 Montevideo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906 32,939,000 24,839,000 57,778, 000
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: ASIA.
Trieste " ----------------------- 1906 74,313,000 57,705,000 | 132,078,000 || CHINA: -
Fiume”------------------------ 1906 17,763,000 24,852,000 42,615,000 Shanghaid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 | 152,284,000 104,251,000 256,535,000
RUSSIA: JAPAN:
St. Petersburg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1906 || 61,464,091 52,689,430 114,153,521 Yokohama-...-----------------.. 1907 || 85,898,000 102,532,000 | 188,430,000
Odessa.------------------------- 1906 || 30,831,293 49,206,427 80,037,720 Kobe--------------------------- 1907 || 111,272,000 || 53,121,000 | 164,393,000
Riga--------------------------- 1906 29,700,746 | 73,399,282 103,100,028 BRITISH POSSESSIONS:
Reval-------------------------- 1906 32,179,561 9,846,503 42,026,064 Singapore be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 || 136,301,000 117,577,000 253,878,000
Libau-------------------------- 1906 8,063,458 14,821,979 22,885,437 Calcutta 6 ſ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 136,281,000 |254,614,000 390,895,000
Nikolaev----------------------. 1906 119,067 41,377,613 41,496,680 Bombay ºf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 | 123,462,000 ||147,078,000 270,540,000
Rostov------------------------- 1906 1,576,785 | 19,815,648 21,392,433 AFRICA. t
SPAIN: EGYPT: |
Barcelona---------------------- 1906 || 61,312,000 || 23,162,000 | 84,474,000 Alexandria... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 || 115,268,000 |135,702,000 250,970,000
Bilbao. ------------------------ 1906 13,902,000 | 15,801,000 29,703,000
n OCEANIA. |
NORTH AMERICA.
AUSTRALIA: g |
UNITED STATES: b | Sydney. . . . . . . . . .' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1906 82,925,000 143,938,000 226,863,000
New York, N. Y. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1908 | 688,216,000 701,063,000 | 1,389,279,000 Melbourne. -------------------- 1906 71,311,000 82,784,000 154,095,000
New Orleans, La. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908 42,786,000 |159,456,000 202,242,000
|
a Special trade, i.e., imports for consumption and exports of domestic produce only.
b Year ended June 30.
c Year ended March 31.
d Direct foreign trade, exclusive of reexports.
e Includes intersettlement trade.
f Merchandise only, exclusive of government stores.
g Exclusive of interstate commerce. - e
24
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
Table 13.−DISTANCES FROM NEW YORK, NEW ORLEANS, SAN FRANCISCO, AND PORT TOWNSEND TO
THE PRINCIPAL PORTS OF THE WORLD AND THE PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
[Distances by water routes in nautical miles supplied by Hydrographic Office, Navy Department; by land routes in statute miles supplied by War Department.
Distances given are by water, except where otherwise stated.]
yº ºf
a By land and water.
b Distance by canal from Colon to Panama, 47 miles.
-
PORT AND ROUTE. # oš. #. T. PORT AND ROUTE. §. oš. #. ſº.
* | CiSCO. Send. © * Cisco. Send.
- - - ----------- - - - - - - -- ---
Aden: Cape Town—Continued.
Via Suez Canal... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,532 7,870 i----------|----------- Via Tehuantepec.--------------------|----------|---------- 9,700 10,475
Via Cape of Good Hope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,985 11,408 ..................... Via Panama --------------------------------------------- 9,898 10,676
Via Suez Canal and New York. . . . . . . !-------------------- a 9,723 a 9,731 Via Magellan Strait ------------------|-------------------- 10,454 11,229
Via Cape of Good Hope and New Colon (eastern end of Panama Canal) b. . . . 1,981 1,880 ----------|----------
York -------------------------------------------------. a 14, 176 a 14, 184 Via Canal and Panama.--------------|-------------------- 3,324 4,090
Via Suez and Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 500 10,300 || Colombo: -
Via Suez and Panama... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,800 11,600 Via Suez Canal.... ------------------- 8,610 10, 146 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Via Suez and Magellan Strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,900 16,700 Via Cape of Good Hope - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11, 130 11,684 |----------|----------
Via Singapore------------------------|-------------------- 11, 500 11,300 Via Suez and New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 11,801 a 11, 809
Via Singapore and Port Townsend-- - - a 14,499 a 14, 279 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Via Cape of Good Hope and New
Via Singapore and San Francisco . . . . . a 14,691 a 13,982 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . York -------------------------------------------------- a 14,321. a 14,329
Antwerp--------------------------------- 3,325 4,853 ----------|----------- Via Singapore.--------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - 8,900 8,700
Via New York. --------------------------------|---------. a 6,516 a 6,524 || Copenhagen: }
Via Tehuantepec.--------------------|----------|---------. 7, 554 8, 329 Direct-------------------------------- 3,852 5,443 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Via Panama. ------------------------|-------------------- 8, 264 9,039 Via New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------- … a 7,043 a 7,051
Via Magellan Strait - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,671 14,446 || Gibraltar... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,207 4, 576 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Batavia (Java). --------------------------|-------------------- 7,800 7,600 Via New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … a 6,398 a 6,406
Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,323 11,075 ..................... Via Tehauntepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 7, 240 8,015
Via Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,167 12,566 ..................... Via Panama-...-------. . . . . . . . . . . . . ----------. … 7,642 8,417
Via Suez Canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 182 11,598 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Via Magellan Strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------- 12, 734 13, 509
Via Cape of Good Hope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,855 12,278 ..................... Guam---------------------------------------------- s tº ºn 8 & sº º e º m 5,054 4,908
Bombay: Via San Francisco... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 8,245 a 7,536 |....................
Via Suez Canal... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,120 9,536 ----------|----------. Via Port Townsend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 8, 107 *7,887 -...................
. Via Cape of Good Hope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,250 11,848 ----------|----------- IIamburg-------------------------------- 3, 652 5, 243 ----------|----------
Via Suez and New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |.......... a 11,311 11,319 Via New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------- a 6,843 a 6,851
Via Cape of Good Hope and New Habana---------------------------------. 1,227 597 * * * * * * * * * * : * * * * * * * * * *
York -------------------------------------... ---------. a 14,441 a 14,449 Via New Orleans... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------- * * * * * * * * * * a 3,079 a 4,006
Via Suez and Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 12, 110 | 12,885 Via Tehuantepec.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * … 3,219 3,992
Via Suez and Panama... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 12, 512 13,287 Via Panama-...-------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------- ---------- 4, 337 5, 112
Via Cape of Good Hope and Tehuan- | Havre----' ------------------------------- 3, 169 4,760 ----------|----------
tepec ---------------------------------------- !---------- 15, 108 15,800 Via New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - a 6,360 a 6,368
Via Cape of Good Hope and Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . sº º sm º º º sº * * * 14,500 15,270 || Hongkong-...--------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * *s sº º º ºs º ºs º º & 6,086 5,886
Via Magellan Strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * 15,064 15,839 Via Port Townsend - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 9,085 a 8, 865 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Via Singapore------------------------|---------- • * * * * * * * * * 9,780 9,580 Via San Francisco... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 9,277 a 8,568 |....................
Via Singapore and Port Townsend ... a 12,771 a 12,559 ..................... Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,572 9,317 |....................
Via Singapore and San Francisco. . . . . a 12,971 a 12,262 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Via Panama-...--------------------. 11,431 10,830 |....................
Via Singapore and Tehuantepec.. . . . . 13,993 12,745 ----------|----------. Via Suez----------------------------- 11, 610 12,892 ----------|----------
Via Singapore and Panama - - - - - - - - - - 14,837 14, 236 ----------|----------- Via Cape of Good Hope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,590 13,863 |....................
Brest, France---------------------------- 2,954 4,458 ...........…. Via Magellan Strait.................. 16,868 17,318 ----------|---------.
Via New York---------------------------------|---------. a 6,145 *6, 154 Honolulu. -------------------------------|---------. ---------- 2,097 2,370
Via Tehuantepec......................................... 7, 154 7,929 Via San Francisco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & 5, 288 a 4, 579 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Via Panama--------------------------------------------- 7,840 8,619 Via Port Townsend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 5,569 a 5,349 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Via Magellan Strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---|----------|---------- 13,209 13,984 Via Panama. ------------------------ 6,686 6,085 !--------------------
Buenos Aires----------------------------- 5,868 6,318 ----------|----------- Via Tehuantepec.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,806 4, 582 --------------------
S. Via Magellan Strait. --------...------|----------|---------. 7, 511 8,286 Via Magellan Strait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,269 13,719 --------------------
Via New York------------------------------------------- a 9,059 a 9,067 Kingston, Jamaica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,473 1, 165 ----------|----------
Bermuda-------------------------------- 676 1,648 ||----------|----------- Rongo River, mouth of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,662 6, 580 ----------|----------
Via New York. ---...-----------...-------------|---------- a 3,867 a 3,875 Via New Orleans.---------------------------------------- a 9,062 a 9,559
Calcutta: * Via New York-----------------------|-------------------- a 8,853 a 8,859
Via Suez----------------------------- 9,830 11,239 ----------|----------- Liverpool.------------------------------- 3,053 4, 553 |----------|----------
Via Cape of Good Hope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 180 12,838 ----------|----------- Via New York... ------------------------------|---------- a 6,244 a 6,250
Via Suez and New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 13,021 a 13,029 Via Tehuantepec.--------------------|----------|---------- .7, 169 7,944
Via Cape of Good Hope and New i Via Panama. -------------------------------------------- 8,038 8,813
York-------------------------------------------------- a 15,371 a 15,379 Via Magellan Strait. ---------------------------|---------- 13,503 14,278
Via Singapore------------------------|-------------------- 8,990 8,896 || London. --------------------------------- 3,233 4, 507 ----------|----------
Via Singapore and San Francisco... . . . a 12, 181 a 11, 462 |... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Via New York---------------------------------|---------- a 6,424 a 6,432
Via Singapore and Tehuantepec. . . . . . 13,405 12, 181 ----------|----------. Via Tehuantepec. - - - - - --------------|----------|---------- 7, 349 8, 124
Via Singapore and Panama. . . . . . . . . . 14, 230 13,694 |----------|----------- Via Panama--------------------------------------------- 8,218 8,993
Callao: Via Magellan Strait------------------|----------|---------- 13,683 14,458
Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,246 2,991 ----------|----------- Manila:
Via Panama. -----------------------. 3,392 2,704 |----------|----------- Via Honolulu and San Bernardino
Via Magellan Strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,603 10, 142 |----------|----------- Strait ------------------------------------------------- 6,943 7,213
Direct--------------------------------|-------------------- 4,012 4,769 Via Yokohama-----------------------|----------|---------- 6,289 5,993
Cape Town: Via Yokohama and San Francisco. . . . . a 9,480 || @ 8,771 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...Direct------------------------------- 6,815 7,374 ----------|----------- Via Yokohama and Port Townsend. a 9, 192 a 8,972 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
% New Yºrk........................................... a 10,006 | a 10,014 Via Tehuantepec... -----------....... 10,735 | 9,480 ----------|----------
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD. 25 -
Table 13,-DISTANCES FROM NEW YORK, NEW ORLEANS, SAN FRANCISCO, AND PORT TOWNSEND TO
THE PRINCIPAL PORTS OF THE WORLD AND THE PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES-Con.
[Distances given are by water, except where otherwise stated.]
) \ rivT. New New San Jort || riº. A “Nº “I rpºHº TR v * | San Port
PORTY ANT) ROUTE. York. Orleans. º: º PO RT AND ROUTE. Ş. oñº. . º
- - - - - - - - - - ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- –– -- |-- ------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -------- - - -- --- ----|-- ––– –––––
Manila—Continued. ; St. Petersburg: h
Via Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,546 10,993 |...... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - º Direct----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,632 6,223 … --~~~~
Via Suez. ---------------------------- | 11,556 12,946 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | Via New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … ---------- a 7,823 a 7,829
Via Cape of Good Hope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 536 13,986 . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | San Juan, P. R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,428 1,539 i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Via Suez and New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "14,747 “14,755 " via New York....................... --~~ º a 4,619 a 4,627
vº of Good Hope and New a 16, 727 ! a 16, 735 º Via New Orleans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - ---------- a 4,021 a 4,518
viºlin strait...I’lājā; i.i.15..." ... ""A Via Tehuantepec….…. --------. 4, 182 4,957
Marseille. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,876 5,266 .......... --- ... Yºnama..…… 4,345 5, 120
Via New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --~~~ - - - - - - - - - - a 7,067 a 7,073 Via Magellan Strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 199 12,974
Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … ---------. 7,930 8,705 | Singapore..….................... ----- - - - - - 7, 502 7,206
Via Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * 8,332 9,107 | Via San Francisco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 10,693 a 9,984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Via Magellan Strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * 13,324 14,099 | Via Port Townsend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 10,405 G 10, 185 j. . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - -
Melbourne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------- |- * * * * * * * * 7,040 7,311 | Via Suez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 170 : 11,560 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Via San Francisco. . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - a 10,231 29,522 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | Via Cape of Good IIope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 355 12,914 . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * =
Via Panama - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,028 9,427 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! Via Yokohama and Panama. . . . . . . . . 13, 104 12,503 |. . . . . . . . . . ----------
Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,852 8,604 < * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Via Yokohama and Tehuantepec. . . . . 12,209 i 10,961 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Via Magellan Strait - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,880 13,143 ..................... | Sitka, Alaska...................................... |---------- 1,302 732
Via Suez Canal... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,981 14,303 |..................... Via San Francisco................... a 4,403 28,784 ....................
Via Cape of Good Hope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,670 12,933 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Via Port Townsend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 3,931 *3,711 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mexico City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | a 2,399 a 1, 172 a 2,142 a 2,917 Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,748 4,493 ---------- ----------
• * c 2,898 c 1,526 e2,512 e3,349 Via Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,607 6,006 . . . . . . . . . . ----------
Naples----------------------------------- 4,172 sº * * * * * * * * * * j = * * * * * * * * * * . Via Magellan Strait.................. 14,391 14,841 .......... ----------
Via New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------- !---------- a 7,363 a 7,369 Shanghai. . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - 5,550 5,290
New Orleans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . { 1,741 || c 2, 482 c 2,979 Via San Francisco... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a8,741 a 8,032 |....................
- | c 1,372 | . , - . * Via Port Townsend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a8,489 a 8,269 |... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------- ---------- 3, 191 3,966 Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,965 8,741 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Via Panama- - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . |- - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * 4,704 5,479 Via Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,855 10,254 ....................
New York-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - … | 1,741 | c3, 191 c3, 199 Via Suez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,360 13,750 . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * *.
| c 1,372 ... ; . Via Cape of Good Hope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,593 14,806 . . . . . . . . . . ! - - - - - - - - - -
Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !---------- ... . . * * * * * 4,415 5, 190 Tehuantepec. | :
Via Panama- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sº º as “º º ºr * * * * - - - - - - - - - - 5,305 6,080 Western end of railroad d. . . . . . . . . . . . . |---------- ---------- 2,189 2,964
Nome, Alaska-------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------- ---------- 2,705 2,356 Eastern end of railroad d . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,036 six ...... * * * * * * * * * *
Via San Francisco................... a 5,896 a 5,187 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tutuila. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. - - - - - - - - - - - 4, 150 4, 607
Via Port Townsend - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . | “5,555 a 5,335 ..................... | visan Francisco...................I ºn anº..........."
Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 130 5,902 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i º ***-*** * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * * * ~ * = y t 3 **** ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Via Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,010 7,410 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valparalso & - sº * * * * ----------------------. !---------- * * * * * * * * * * 5, 140 5,902
Via Magellan Strait - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15,840 16,249 ..................... vi Via San Francisco... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sº, º Hº ! - - - - - - - - - -
Odessa, Via Gibraltar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,370 6,760 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,480 4,256 . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * *
Panama (western end of Panama | via Panama. . . . . …-------------- | 4,637 4,035 - . . . . . . . . . : * - * * * * * * * *
Canal)” -------------------------------- ---------- ---------- 3,277 4,052 via Magellan Strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! 8,460 8,733 . . . . . . . . . . !----------
Via Canal and Colon... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,028 1,427 i. . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - i Vladivostok. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4,706 4,357
Pernambuco, Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,696 3,969 |. . . . . . . . . . … Via San Francisco................... a 7,897 a 7, 188 . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * *.
Via New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |- - - - - - - - - - |- - - - - - - - - - a 6,887 a 6,895 Via Port Townsend - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 7,556 a 7,336 . . . . . . . . . . | - - - - - - - - - -
Via New Orleans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------- ------ . . . . a 6,451 a 6,948 Via San Francisco and Tehuantepec. 9,122 8,874 .......... - - - - - - - - - -
Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … ---------- . 6,591 7,366 | Via San Francisco and Panama. . . . . . 10,001 9,410 .......... …
Via Panama- - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * . ---------- 6, 530 | 7,305 | Via Magellan Strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,036 17,445 p.......... * * * * * * * * * *
Via Magellan Strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,439 10,214 || Wellington, New Zealand................ , - - - - - - - - - - ---------- ! 5,909 6,415
Port Said, Egypt..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 122 : 6, 509 * * * * * * * * * * : * * * * * * * * * * * | Via San Francisco - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . a 9, 100 a 8,391 . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * *
Via New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * |- - - - - - - - - - 0.8,321 a 8,327 Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,844 7,096 .......... ----------
Via Tehuantepec.- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i---------- - - - - - - - - - - 9, 160 9,935 Via Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,540 7,939 .......... !---------.
Via Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !---------- … : 9,562 10,337 || Via Magellan Strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 11,500 11,773 . . . . . . . . . . ---------.
Port Townsend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | c3,199 c2,979 775 . . . . . . . . . . . | Via Suez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,230 15,620 ---------- * * * * * * * * * *
Via Tehuantepec.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 190 3,966 .....................' Via Cape of Good Hope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,710 14,058 . . . . . . . . . . |- - - - - - - - - -
Via Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,080 5,479 --~~ * * * * * * * * * * * Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |. * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - 4,536 4,240
Punta Arenas (Magellam Strait). . . . . . . . . . 6,890 7,340 6,199 6,958 Via Honolulu. . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - ..… - - - - - - - - - - . 5,500 5,770
Rio de Janeiro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,778 5,218 .......... * * * * * * * * * * * Via San Francisco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a",72, at,018 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Via New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------------. a 7,969 a 7,977 | Via Port Townsend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 7,439 a 7,219 . . . . . . . . . . ---------.
Via New Orleans... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------- a 7,700 as, 197 || Via Honolulu and Tehuantepec. . . . . . 9,243 7,995 • * * * * * * * * * ---------
Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,730 8,505 Via San Francisco and Tehuantepec. . 8,986 7,762 = * * * * * * * * * & + º º is a am tº * *
Via Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * - 7,678 8,453 Via Honolulu and Panama... . . . . . . . . 10,093 9, 492 . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - -
Via Magellan Strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,339 9, 114 t Via San Francisco and Panalma. . . . . . 9,869 9,268 * * * * * * * * * * ---------
San Francisco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c3,191 c 2,482 ---------- : 775 | Via Magellam Strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,205 16,614 * * * * * --------------.
Via Tehuantepec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,415 3, 191 . . . . . . . . . . |- - - - - - - - - - - Via Singapore and Suez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,040 14,471 . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * *
Via Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,805 4,704 tº 49 º º a “* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Via Cape of Good Hope . . . . . . . . . ... ... 15,020 15,443 .......... --~~~
: t i | : |
a By land and water. c By land.
b Tistante by canal from Colon to Panama, 47 miles. d Distance from Coatzacoalcos (eastern end of railroad) to Salina Cruz (western end of railroad), 190 miles.
26 TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD.
Table 13,-DISTANCES FROM NEW YORK, NEW ORLEANS, SAN FRANCISCO, AND PORT TOWNSEND TO
THE PRINCIPAL PORTS OF THE WORLD AND THE PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES Con.
CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
[Distances given are by land.]
| San POrt; | - San Port
| | | rº ; | rºl vir
CITY. ºf oiº. § ºf CITY. * oš, ; ; ;
| | - - |
--------- - - ---------------- - - *-* *** --- *-* ** —r | ----------- -- - - - ---
Atlanta, Ga------------------------------ 876 496 2,810 2,991 || Minneapolis, Minn....................... 1,332 1,285 2, 101 1,866
Baltimore, Md. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 1,184 3,081 3,089 || Mobile, Ala........... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,231 141 2,623 3,027
Bismarck, N. Dak... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,707 1,720 1,806 1,516 || New Orleans, La...................… 1,372 .......... 2,482 2,979
Boston, Mass... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 1,607 3,313 3,321 || New York, N. Y......................... --~~~~ 1,372 3,191 3,100
Buffalo, N. Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 1,275 2,804 2,812 | Norfolk, Va. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 1,093 3,247 3,253.
Charleston, S. C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739 776 3,119 | 3,300 | Ogden, Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,405 1,891 786 1,098
Chattanooga, Tenn... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 847 491 2,672 2,853 Oklahoma, Okla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,608 752 1,994 2, 372
Chicago, Ill..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 912 2,279 2,287 || Omaha, Nebr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 1,405 1,080 1,786 1,961
Cincinnati, Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757 829 2,577 2,585 || Philadelphia, Pa......................... 91 1,281 3,100 3,108
Cleveland, Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584, 1,092 2,636 | 2,644 || Pittsburg, Pa............................ 444 1,142 2,747 2,755
Columbus, Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 945 2,593 2, 601 Port Townsend, Wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 199 2,979 1,005 º
Dallas, Tex------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . i 1,769 515 1,932 2, 464 Portland, Me... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F- - - - - - - - - - - 350 1,722 3, 428 3,936
Denver, Colo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,930 1,357 1,376 1,622 | Portland, Oreg---------------. . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 204 | 2, 746 722 233
Detroit, Mich. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 693 1,100 2,551 2,559 | Salt Lake City, Utah..................... 2,442 1,928 823 1, 135
Duluth, Minn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,391 1,391 2,243 1,854 Sall Antonio, TeX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,943 57.1 1,911 2,745
El Paso, Tex.............................! 2,310 1,195 1,287 2, 172 || San Diego, Cal. . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * 3,231 2,088 602 1,487
Galveston, Tex... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,782 410 2, 157 2,766 San Francisco, Cal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,191 2,482 - - - - - - - - - - 1,005
Helena, Mont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,452 2, 152 1,255 831 Santa Fe, N. Mex........................ 2,211 1,351 1, 286 1,899
Indianapolis, Ind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 825 888 2,462 2,470 Sault ste. Marie, Mich................... 1,036 1,399 2,581 2,367
Jacksonville, Fla... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 983 616 3,098 3,355 Savannah, Ga. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ſ 845 601 3, 104 3, 285
Kansas City, Mo - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1, 342 880 1,986 2, 103 Seattle, Wash. . . . . . ..- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3, 151 2,931 95.7 48
Key West, Fla. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 454 1,087 3,569 3,826 Sioux City, Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 1 * : 1,173 1,821 1,917
Little Rock, Ark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,200 487 2,291 2,586 || St. Paul, Minn............ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,322 1,275 2,091 1,877
Los Angeles, Cal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,149 : 2,007 475 1,360 || St. Louis, Mo....... ----------- - - - - - - - - - - - | 1,065 699 2,199 | 2,380
Louisville, Ky........................... 871 778 2, 473 2,591 Tacoma, Wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,199 2,890 916 70
Memphis, Tenn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,157 306 2,439 2,587 || Toledo, Ohio............................. | 705 1,040 2,523 2, 531
Milwaukee, Wis. . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 997 : 997 2,364 2,202 Washington, D. C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1, 144 3,069 | 3,077
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