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.A233
Table of Contents
and
47002
ATLAS TO REPORTS HH AND HHH, 1877.
List of Illustrations.
milinmaz. PA C
Revision and correction of the Semibituminous Coal section at
Wellersburg, Somerset county, being a continuation of Report
HHH, pages 349 to 360.
4.
Notes on the geology of Cambria and Somerset counties, with
a list of the new mines, pages 361 to 404.
5.
1. Geological map of Cambria county. Scale, 2 miles to 1 inch,
126120 of nature.
2. Geological map of Somerset county. Scale, 2 miles to 1 inch,
1
126720 of nature.
3. Columnar sections of the Bituminous Coal Measures in Cam-
bria county, Sheet No 1.
Columnar sections in Cambria county to illustrate Mr. Fulton's
report of 1888-9.
Cross section through the crest of the Allegheny mountain,
from Bennington shaft westward.
(Copyright by William A. Ingham, Secretary, Board of Commissioners,
Geological Survey of Pennsylvania.)
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4710
REVISION AND CORRECTION
OF THE
QE
157
A233
SEMI-BITUMINOUS COAL SECTION AT WELLERSBURG
IN SOMERSET COUNTY, PA.,
As published in the Annual Report of the Geological Survey
for 1885.
Mr. Edward F. Fairchild, of Wellersburg, Pennsylvania, who
has been engaged the last year in reopening the old drifts and
making new openings at Wellersburg, having, justly as I think,
taken exception to an important passage in my report on the
Wellersburg coal basin, namely paragraph 3rd, on page 228 of
the Annual Report of 1885, published in 1886, and also to the
general section by Prof. I. C. White and the late Mr. Macfar-
lane, published on pages 230, 231, 232, I directed Mr. E. B.
Harden to accept an invitation by Mr. Fairchild to revise the
section by examining all the openings made by him up to date.
Mr. Harden's measurements of the thickness of each bed
re-opened, and of each interval between bed and bed, will be
seen on the accompanying page plate. The vertical section is
on a scale of 130 feet to the inch, reduced from his manuscript
section on a scale of 40 feet to the inch.
Enlarged vertical sections of five of the coal beds, as meas-
ured by Mr. Harden, are given on the same page plate, on a
reduced scale of about 6 feet to the inch.
On the same page plate is given for comparison the general
section of the same measures in the Berlin neighborhood, as
compiled by Messrs. Franklin and William G. Platt, and pub-
lished in report HHH, 1877.
On another page plate will be found a local sketch map of
the hill north of Wellersburg, on the sides of which the beds
(349 H³)
350 H³
SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT.
PITTSBURGH BED
'N
110
28
07
18
FIVE FOOT BED
15
3
3
3/2
13
SIX FOOT BED
ii
E B M.
WITH PARTINES.
17
06
1'10
/*
WELLER BED
2'6
to
4 0
ľ
SAW MILL BED
10'
0 2°
ROCK BED
bii
0' 2
WELLERSBURG SECTION. 1888.
107
44
16
411
16"
3
10
40'
50°
18
60°
38 Shales
6 Shales
50. Concealed
127 Concealed
10' Limestone
PITTSBURGH BEO
105 Concealed
20'
19°
25
"SIX FOOT BED'
26' Concealed
10'
34'
15
。
WELLER BED
Coal
“SAW MILL BED"
"ROCK BED"
Coal
HHH, 1877
BERLIN SECTION
(Compiled)
3'8
1
1
·
16
[
1
I
1
1
f
70
j' 10
45
(a)ion KRÁTKYMUJ
200' +
10 Limestone 200-
70 ?
BERLIN BED
Vo
& Limestone 300-
5
PLATT COAL
60' ?
PRICE BED
60 ?
06*COLEMA
40?
100'-
3'
40'?
60'?
400'-
EMAN BED
PHILSON BED
500
600'
Mahoning SS.
484.
↑
5




WELLERSBURG SECTION.
H³ 351
**
I
:
have been opened and re-opened by Mr. Fairchild, and at the
foot of which, in the valley of Jennings Run, the bore-hole is
located, which carries the section down through the Lower Pro-
ductive or Allegheny River series. See pages 231, 232 of the
Annual Report for 1885.
Only the uppermost 130 feet of the bore-hole record is given
on the page plate.
Mr. Harden's revised section reads as follows:
Highest hill top about 90' above Pittsburgh bed.
Shales over the Pittsburgh bed, .
Pittsburgh coal bed, where measured by E. B. H.,
Shales and concealed strata, .
Little Pittsburgh, (“Five foot bed,") measured by
E. B. H.,
Concealed strata,
Small coal bed,
Shales and concealed strata,
•
Coal bed, known locally as the "Six Foot" bed,
Concealed strata,
Limestone formation, slightly quarried, thickness un-
known,
Concealed strata (probably containing Berlin bed),
Rider coal,
Parting shales,
Platt coal (called here “ Weller" coal bed),
Concealed strata down to Jenning's run water (probably
Slate in bore-hole,
Small coal bed,
containing Price coal bed),
Additional to top of bore-hole, down the run, calculated,
Loose stuff in conductor,
•
·
•
•
•
•
·
Interval, unreported,
Philson bed (called "Saw Mill" coal bed here),
Interval, unreported,
Fireclay,
•
Rock Seam coal bed, reported in bore-hole,
Slate and hard sandstone,
Black slate,
Coal bed,
•
Interval; fire-clay, slate, sandstone,
Gallitzin (?) coal bed, reported in bore-hole, .
Slate, fire-clay, sandstone alternations representing un-
doubtedly the Mahoning sandstone formation at the
bottom of the Pittsburgh series (Barren measures)
and at the top of the Allegheny river series (Lower
Productive coal measures),
Freeport Upper (?) coal bed, reported in bore-hole,
·
•
•
Ft. In.
48 0
10 7
38 0
4 4
6
0
1
6
50
0
4
11
137
Ꮕ
105
Ꮕ
1
6
4 0
3
1
121
5
9
11
1
19
4
25
10
5
34
15
1
38
0
0.
0
Ꮕ
0
0
0
0.
Ꮕ
0
0.
0
0
0
5 0
137 0
2
6.
:
!.
352 H³
SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT.

1. PITTSBURGH BED
2. FIVE FOOT BED
3. SIX FOOT BED
4. WELLER BED
5. SAW MILL SED
6 ROCK BED
7. BORE HOLE
SOUTHAMPTON TOWNSHIP, SOMERSET COUNTY
Rezsz
Jennings
50
ROCK BED
60
SAW MILL GED
BORE HOLE
༡༠
ST.
04
WELLER BED
SFT. Q
20
OUTGROP
O K
BEAL
MRISER
OF PITTSBURG
BEO.
DIST
~~~~===
I MILE.
ļ
WELLERSBURG SECTION.
353
H³ 3
?
I
The rest of the bore-hole record will be found on page 232
of the Annual Report of 1885, and is here added for the con-
venience of those who have not access to that report:
29. Slate,
30. Limestone,
31. Soft rock,
32. Sandstone,
33. Fire-clay,
34. Slate,
35. Coal bed,
36. Fire-clay,
37. Slate and fire-clay,
38. Black slate,
•
39. Fire-clay,
40. Iron ore,
41. Slates and fire-clay,
42. Sandstone, dark,
43. Fire-clay,
44. Sandstone, hard,
•
45. Fire-clay and slates,
46. Sandstone,
47. Coal bed,
48. Slate,
49. Coal bed,
56. Coal bed,
57. Fire-clay,
50. Black rock,
51. Coal bed (black slate),
52. Slate,
53. Coal bed (black slate),
54. Fire-clay,
55. Sandstone, gray,
58. Sandstone,
59. Unrecorded to bottom of hole (1206' in all),
Ft. In.
3 6
0
2 0
9
0
2 0
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
8
8
3
CO
6
24
2
6
3
45
∞ +222
4
20
на со
0
0
0
6
0
0
6
4
6
11 6
16
0
8
0
8
0
6
0
2
6
∞
6
0
0
5
6
0
6
0
0
0
0
594 0
I repeat my remark on page 232 of the annual report, that
it is impossible to credit the record of that part of the well
section between number 47 and number 56, because one of
the five coal-beds is reported to be 11' 6' thick, and another 8
feet thick. As all the rocks passed through in the bore-hole,
in the middle of the basin rise east and west and crop out on
the two sides of the basin, if two such coal beds, rivaling the
Pittsburgh, really were passed through by the auger, they
would undoubtedly have been opened long ago and extensively
worked. It is a good example of the unreliability of bore-hole
records, in respect to their reported thicknesses of coal beds.
As every field geologist knows, the roofing slates are mixed up
354 H³
SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT.
with the coal by the drills and reported as coal by the drillers;
and while the exact place where the top of the roof-slate is
struck is pretty exactly reported, the bottom of the coal is
made uncertain by the churning down of the coal into the
underclays.
I repeat however that, whatever its detailed errors in this
respect, the high value of such a well record cannot be doubted;
for it fixes the general order of stratification, the number of
coal beds, and their distances apart, in so precise a manner
(where the measures are nearly horizontal) that the search for
and tracing of these coal beds at their outcrops on the two
sides of the trough becomes a comparatively easy task. It
does not follow, however, that their thicknesses at the outcrop
will correspond to even an accurate record of their thicknesses
in the bore-hole, if such an accurate record could be obtained;
because of the incessant change in thickness which every coal
bed exhibits in all directions from any given point; thicken-
ing in some directions, thinning in others; and thinning after
thickening in any one direction, as all practical miners well
know. And each coal bed will also exhibit this variability
along its outcrop, as well as in the mines; and therefore, even
when a coal outcrop shows an unworkable thickness it ought
not to discourage the prospector, who will undoubtedly find
some thicker outcrop of it elsewhere. And vice versa, a coal
outcrop of the most promising kind will, if traced, present un-
mineable thicknesses in other places. This variability makes
it an extremely nice and difficult question, in the case of al-
most any coal bed, what may be its average thickness; and it
requires long experience and good judgment to come to a con-
clusion whether a given coal bed will have an average thick-
ness sufficient to justify the planning of a colliery.
The paragraph to which Mr. Fairchild takes exception reads
as follows: "As a coal basin its value is so overshadowed by
the Georges Creek country in Maryland that the mining of its
coal beds will be postponed to the future. The great Pitts-
burgh bed of Maryland spoons out before it reaches the State
line, although it is again caught in the top of the highest of the
Wellersburg hills, but only for a few hundred acres. Most of
the basin is a broken table land of barren measures, with three
small coal beds. The Allegheny coal series (under the Ma-
1
(
WELLERSBURG SECTION.
H. 355
I
honing sandstone) and the Conglomerate series, taken together,
show five coal beds, none of them in a very promising condi-
tion, although they would bear mining if they were protected
from competition with the great Maryland collieries. Until
these be exhausted none of the coal beds on the Pennsylvania
side of the line could support a colliery."
It is the business of a geologist to state fully and fairly all
the facts which he can obtain, and all the inferences which in
his judgment must be drawn from them bearing upon their
economic value; not only to encourage mining operations
where there is a likelihood of profit, but also to warn the com-
munity where there is a possibility of extravagant expectations.
In the present instance, I drew the comparison between the
Pennsylvania end of the great Cumberland basin from which
the Pittsburgh bed has been almost entirely removed by ero-
sion, and the body of the basin in Maryland in which the Pitts-
burgh or great Georges Creek coal bed has been preserved from
erosion to a much greater extent, and under the most favorable
conditions for mining operations, so that great collieries have
been sending millions of tons of coal to the sea-board for many
years, in order to explain why no collieries have been estab-
lished in the Pennsylvania part of the basin. The fact, a re-
markable one, certainly called for some satisfactory explana-
tion to the people of Pennsylvania, and this explanation I gave
and was bound to give.
But I was wrong in making my statement of the explanation
in too general terms, omitting a calculation of the actual
amount of coal in the one patch of the Pittsburgh bed which has
escaped the general erosion in Pennsylvania, and remains near
the top of the ridge near Wellersburg. Such a calculation was
due to the pecuniary interest of those who owned this patch of
Pittsburgh coal bed, and incidentally to the various interests of
residents in the vicinity who would be benefited by the estab-
lishment of a colliery for exhausting it.
In all other respects I conceive that the report of Prof. White
and Mr. Macfarlane, published in the annual for 1885, has been
substantially verified by Mr. Fairchild's present explorations,
as shown by Mr. Harden's report; although important geologi-
cal additions have been made by him to our knowledge of the
upper part of the Pittsburgh series (Barren measures), that
356 H³
SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT.
is, to the 150 feet beneath the Pittsburgh bed. Two workable
coal beds 4 and 5 feet thick (where measured) exist beneath.
the Pittsburgh coal bed; and these might undoubtedly be in-
cluded in the operations of any colliery established on the
Pittsburgh bed itself at Wellersburg.
The patch of Pittsburgh bed at Wellersburg* underlies the
top of a ridge which runs east and west across the middle of
the Wellersburg basin, with two principal summits, the highest
of which rises about 90 feet above the Pittsburgh bed, giving it
therefore a great cover. The line of outcrop of the bed is
an irregular double ellipse, showing on the map like a bent
dumb bell. This would be the mining area of any colliery
established on it. Mr. Fairchild is of opinion that two isolated
knobs on the ridge, one east and the other west of the main
area are also underlaid by the bed; but this would be of less
importance.
The measures are horizontal in the middle of the ridge and
rise gently east and west towards its ends. The bed would be
therefore easily mined and easily drained by proper location of
the mouth of its main gangway.
A height of 90 feet would give a breadth of between a quar-
ter and half a mile where the area is at its widest. As it is
nearly a mile long, a rough calculation of half a square mile
of coal with a uniform thickness of ten feet would give five
million (5,000,000) tons of workable coal in the patch; suffi-
cient for steady work of a large colliery for many years.
Mr. Fairchild reports the area of Pittsburgh coal at 250 acres,
somewhat more than one-third of a square mile, surrounded by
an outcrop line actually located. Two drifts were opened
*Mr. Fairchild has expressed some indignation at the use of the technical
term patch, as derogatory to a coal area, however small, containing a suffi-
cient number of millions of tons of coal to warrant the establishment of a
colliery; but the term is in common geological use; expresses exactly a
geological fact, involved by the erosion of a country, and has been used
without reproach for a still larger area of Pittsburgh coal, extensively mined
in the Salisbury basin of Somerset county; as will be seen by reference to
All isolated out-
the description of the Salisbury basin in Report HHH.
lying strips or plates of a coal bed preserved on hill tops at a greater or less
distance from the main area, are known in technical geological language as
patches of the coal bed, probably on account of the small black spots which
represent them on a geological map of comparatively small scale. Such a
patch of coal may be and often is of immense value when that value is ex
pressed in dollars and cents.
I
WELLERSBURG SECTION.
H$ 357
}
ť
་
many years ago by the Somerset Iron & Coal Co. One of them
is now inaccessible; but the second opening has been cleaned
out and timbered. Both of them were put in on top of the 1
foot slate parting, leaving the lower 3' 5" of coal in the floor.
Mr. Fairchild has opened it to the full extent of the bed, and
Mr. Harden measured the thickness of coal, at 50 feet in from
the outcrop, as follows:
Upper bench of coal, with partings,
Slate parting,
Middle bench of coal,
Slate parting,
Lower bench of coal,
•
Total from top to bottom, partings included,
Slight parting in lower bench 7" above bottom.
Total of coal, partings excluded, visible now at 50' in from
outcrop,
•
ล
4' 2'
6"
1' 10''
1' 0"
3' 3"
10' 9"
9' 3"
The bed may be thicker than this in other parts of the area;
and on the other hand, judging by the hundreds of mines in
western Pennsylvania on the Pittsburgh bed, there may be
spots in the area where it will be somewhat thinner; but
fortunately it has a shale roof, and therefore the top bench is
very well protected from variability; so that an average mining
thickness of 11 feet may be safely assumed; and an average
mining thickness of coal of between 9 and 10 feet.
This fully justifies Mr. Fairchild's estimate of 3,500,000 tons
or more. So much for quantity.
It goes without saying that the quality of the coal in this
outlier of the Georges Creek basin of Maryland will be precisely
the same as the quality of the Georges Creek coal sent by the
Maryland collieries to market. And this has been recognized
as the best steam coal of the United States ever since the ex-
perimental tests of United States Geologist, Walter R. Johnson,
established the fact in the first half of the century. John-
son's report still remains of the highest authority, and has been
more than once quoted in the reports of the Geological Survey
in matters relating to coal.
The hill top where Mr. Harden's section was made is 535 feet
(barometric) above Jennings run and 540 feet above the top
of the bore-hole. The top of the Pittsburgh bed is there 60
feet and its floor 70 feet below the hill top. This makes the
floor of the mine's mouth in the Pittsburgh bed 465 feet above
358 H'
SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT.
Jennings run; necessitating therefore an incline plane to any
railroad in the valley of over 400 feet; which is not greater than
the height of some of the incline planes in south-western Penn-
sylvania.
The "Five Foot" bed, 38 feet beneath the Pittsburgh, has
been drifted by Mr. Fairchild far enough in for a reliable meas-
urement, and Mr. Harden's measurement of it was 4' 4", which
may be safely taken as a working average. It is apparently a
workable bed and will bear extensive mining; underlies a
considerably larger area than the Pittsburgh bed; and probably
contains a million and a half of tons of coal and parting slate.
Where measured it consists of an upper bench of 1' 8" of coal,
a lower bench of 1' 8" of coal, and a middle 12 inches of slate
parting. If this parting runs through the whole bed it will re-
duce the amount of coal by about one-fourth.
Six or eight feet below the Five Foot bed an opening had
been made in the outcrop of a third bed of coal showing 18
inches; but the opening did not exhibit the entire thickness
of the bed, which is therefore unknown to me.
Ten or fifteen feet below the last-mentioned 18 inch (+) coal
is the proper place for the concealed outcrop of the bed of iron
ore worked at a little distance from the section in past years by
the Somerset Iron & Coal Co.
The "Six Foot" coal bed, 100 feet beneath the Pittsburgh
coal, is in an old drift recently re-opened by Mr. Fairchild, and
measured by Mr. Harden, at about 50 feet in from the mouth
of the drift. The section of the bed is given in the page plate
thus:
Coal, top bench,
Slate parting,
Coal ply
Slate parting,
Coal ply,
·
·
Slate parting,
Coal ply,
Slate parting, .
Coal, bottom bench,
•
Total from top to bottom,
Total coal,
1' 5"
10"
3"
5"
3'
1"
3/1/
∞ 1∞
ེས
1"
1 3"
4 10/2/
3 7"
"
This bed is also workable, although (where measured) badly
cut up by slate partings, which may thin away or disappear.
WELLERSBURG SECTION.
H³ 359
one or all of them, in other parts of the mine. The two benches
must contain two or three million tons of coal; for the area of
this bed must be three or four times as large as that of the
Pittsburgh coal.
The limestone beds from which the iron company obtained
their flux lies about 130 feet still lower on the side of the ridge,
but the thickness and character of the formation is not now
plain.
The road bed of an abandoned tramway is still seen entering
the quarry.
The "Weller" coal bed has had a new drift put into it, and
was measured about (50 feet in from the outcrop,) 37 inches
thick, with a slate parting of 2 inches, a foot from the top. Not
far away from the section line is an old drift in this bed, about
300 feet in; and it is reported that a rider coal 18 inches thick
overlies this coal bed about 4 feet.
The "Saw Mill" coal bed near the top of the bore-hole sec-
tion is opened on its outcrop on Jennings run one mile north
of Wellersburg by a new drift. In the bore-hole it was re-
ported 4 feet thick. In the new drift Mr. Harden measured it
3 feet 7 inches; but as the drift was only five feet in from the
outcrop at the time this measurement was made, the bed may
very well be 4 feet thick further in.
The "Rock" bed, cut by the bore-hole at the depth of 74
feet was opened on its outcrop half a mile further down Jen-
nings run in an old drift which is now re-opened by Mr. Fair-
child. The bore-hole drillers reported it 5 feet thick. In the
re-opened old drift it varies from 2' 6" to 4 feet of solid coal
without any slate partings whatever. The maximum thickness
(4 feet) was measured at about 50 feet in from the entrance. Ten
feet further in, the bed was something under 3 feet. It will no
doubt be of variable thickness everywhere; but if it continues
to be solid without slate partings it will be a perfectly minable
bed of considerable value, and being one of the lower coals in
the basin, its area is very extensive, and the total quantity of
coal contained in it indefinitely great. A good deal of coal
must have been taken from this mine, for its gangway is at
least 250 or 300 feet long, rising from the west bank of Jen-
ning's run, opposite Wellersburg, northwestward, with a gentle
360 H°
SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT.
slope. The bore-hole measurement of five feet may be justi-
fied in some of the headings and chambers.
The other and still lower beds of the basin, belonging to the
Allegheny series (Lower Productive coal measures) were not
revised. Southampton township has an average area (of these
lower beds) of about twenty square miles. Should the five
beds of the bore-hole, lying from 200 to 300 feet beneath Wel-
lersburg, average in all twenty feet of coal, they would hold
four hundred million tons (400,000,000), one-half of which
could be won by half a dozen mine shafts located along the
center line of the basin.
J. P. LESLEY.
}
I
NOTES ON CAMBRIA COUNTY.
By JOHN FULTON, E. M.
During the past year quite a large number of coal operators
have purchased lands in Cambria county, and many of them
have opened large mines for shipment of its coal eastward.
This movement has been brought about by the exhaustion of
the most available coal beds in Clearfield county, and has
caused quite an enhanced value to the coal lands of Cambria
county, especially those lands lying along the Pennsylvania.
railroad and its branch lines.
These coals in Cambria, from the middle of the county, are
very much sought after in the western country as blacksmith
coals, and large quantities have been shipped from Sonman
and other points to Chicago and other places in the west for
this use.
There are still large areas of available coal lands in the
county which are awaiting purchasers Cambria county's min-
ing operations will therefore probably increase, as other fields
become somewhat difficult of mining and the most desirable
points exhausted.
Along the western crest of the Allegheny mountain the
coals are coking coals. Passing Hemlock, in Washington
township (Lilly station on the map), the coal becomes dryer
and less available for coking purposes, until reaching Nineveh
there is a resumption of the westward bituminition of the coals
and their use in coke making.
There is a law that is found invariable in all coal fields, that
is, the uniformity of the qualities of coal beds in certain belts,
these belts being usually parallel to the line of strike.
In the Allegheny region the best coking coal beds are found
along the crest of the mountain, having a breadth westward
of five miles. This is the coking belt. Westward of this, and
extending beyond Laurel Hill, the coal is exceptionally dry,
and is more adapted for steam-making, blacksmithing and do-
mestic uses.
(H³ 361.)
362 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
NATURAL GAS IN JOHNSTOWN.-Natural gas was put in Johns-
town in November, 1887. Prior to this the Cambria Iron Com-
pany was using from its coal mines, contiguous to the works at
Johnstown (including locomotives, etc.), about 1200 tons of
coal per day.
It has been determined from correct tests, that 30,000 cubic
feet of natural gas are equal to one ton of bituminous coal; so
that in the displacement of 1157 tons of coal at the Cambria
works, including both its departments, about 34,710,000 cubic
feet of natural gas per day are being used.
The economy of natural gas is very clear. It reduces the
number of firemen at the works, and makes no ashes. Econ-
omizing in the line of removing such refuse from the works,
it is also found to afford a more uniform heat in the heating
furnaces; and with experience in its use any practical degree
of heat can be reached; that is, we can heat steel mildly
or intensely, just as it is required.
The number of mines displaced by the gas are three, namely:
Rolling-mill mine,
Cushon mine,
Lower Gautier mine,
Coal purchased from Bennington for black-
smith uses,
·
•
193 miles,
12 miles,
73 miles,
13 miles,
675 tons per day.
290 tons per day.
100 tons per day.
Westmoreland coal for gas production,
It has been used at the works now a little over two years,
and no diminution of pressure has been detected.
10-inch pipe,
12-inch pipe,
16-inch pipe,
20-inch pipe,
16 to 20 tons per day.
90 tons per day.
The supply comes from three wells at Grapeville, in West-
moreland county, a distance of 414 miles, and the only change
in their main pipe line, with increasing domestic uses at Johns-
town and vicinity, was simply to increase the section of pipe,
or supplement it with additional pipe at the western end of
the line near Grapeville. This is just satisfying the principle
that is now well known in constructing pipe lines, that is, the
principle of a telescope, with the large end near the works.
This line was laid from Grapeville to Johnstown in October,
1886, and consists of the following sizes and lengths of pipe
enlarging from the wells towards Johnstown:
3 inch wrought iron.
inch wrought iron.
inch cast iron.
cast iron.
X
Y
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H' 363
}
}
Υ
The line crosses from the north side of the Pennsylvania
railroad to the south side, about two miles west of Latrobe,
and runs in an almost direct line to Johnstown.
The flowing pressure at the wells is about 335 lbs. per
square inch, and at the reducing station 39 miles from the
well the pressure is from 85 to 90 lbs. per square inch, making
a loss of pressure by friction in flowing through the pipes of
about 6.7 lbs. per square inch per mile.
In gauging the wells, the rock pressure registers 525 lbs. per
square inch in 10 to 15 seconds.
These wells are from 1100 to 1400 feet deep.
Three wells supply the pipe line to Johnstown and four others
are held in reserve, should any fail to continue the regular
pressure.
In addition to the three Grapeville wells supplying the Johns-
town line, four other wells, north of Latrobe, are tapped by a
10-inch line, which extends eastward and crosses the Pennsyl-
vania railroad at Derry, and joins the main line from Grape-
ville at the Laurel Hill mountain, 10 miles from Johnstown.
To this line a small or 8-inch line has been connected from the
Grapeville field to the wells north of Latrobe, making a cir-
cuit, so that if one line should be broken the other can be
used to keep a steady flow of gas.
The flowing pressure of the Latrobe wells is from 200 to 275
lbs. per square inch, and is not of such volume as the Grape-
ville wells. These wells are about 1400 feet deep and contain
some salt water. They appear to be confined to a narrow basin ex-
tending north-east and south-west,as the wells to the east and west
but a short distance from this line, have furnished but litle gas.
The Latrobe wells supply Latrobe through a six-inch pipe, hav-
ing 90 lbs. pressure, this also has a connection with the main line.
These pipe lines and wells are owned and operated by the
Westmoreland and Cambria Natural Gas Co. There are a
number of other wells near Grapeville which are owned by
Mr. Andrew Carnegie, South West Co., Greensburg Fuel Co.,
Jeanette Glass Works, Philadelphia Co., and others.
Some of the wells are drilled on the hills, but the greater num-
ber are drilled along what is known as Brush creek, and prospect-
ing is now being carried on to the north-east from Grapeville.
During the general interest in the discovery of natural gas,
which occupied the latter portion of 1884, the Cambria Iron
364 H'
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
Company had a test-well sunk on its grounds a short distance
north of the Pennsylvania railroad passenger station, at Johns-
town. The top of this test-well is 1189 feet above Ocean
level, and 12 feet under the Cement coal bed, the third work-
able bed of the Lower Coal Measures.
The accompanying columnar section shows the character of
the measures traversed by this five-inch drill hole, and the ele-
ments discovered during the progress of the work :
Johnstown test hole for gas.
Wash,
Slate,
Hard sandstone,
Slate and sandstone,
•
COAL,
Slate,
Hard fine sandstone,
Sandstone,
Slate and sandstone,
COAL,
Hard sandstone,
Slate and sandstone,
COAL,
Hard sandstone,
Slate,.
Hard blue sandstone,
Gray sandstone,
Red slate.
•
Slate,
Red sandstone,
Slate,
Hard sandstone,
•
•
Red rock,
Red sandstone,
•
•
White sandstone,
White slate,
Hard blue sandstone,
White sandstone,
Slate,
GAS,
SALT WATER,
Sand rock,
Red rock,
Hard sandstone,
White pebbly clay,
GAS,.
Shaly sandstone,
Hard sandstone,
Slate and shales,
Black sandstone, .
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
❤
•
•
•
+549
+509
+389
Feet.
48 to
30
12
19
1
30
50
15
5
3
15
5
2
15
7
46
20
20
27
15
12
10
25
18
35
15
25
75
15
100
3
65
2
40
85
60
15
Feet.
48
78
90
109
110
140
190
205
210
213
228
233
235
250
257
303
323
343
370
385
397
407
432
450
485
500
525
600
615
640
680
715
718
783
785
800
825
910
970
985
[
C
Y
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H' 365
}
I
Black slate,
Sandstone,
Slate,
Shales and sandstone,
Black slate, .
White sandstone,
Slate,
Gray sandstone,
Shaly slate,
Sandstone,
Slate,
Red shale,
•
·
·
•
White sandstone,
Slate and shale,
Red shale,
Gray sandstone,
Red rock and shales,
•
•
SALT WATER,
Slate and shales,
Red slate,
Slate and shales,
Slate and shales,
Red rock,
Sandrock,
Slate,
Red rock,
Slate and shales,
Red rock, (SALT WATER,)
•
·
Feet.
1015
1090
1180
1240
1285
1300
1318
1338
1388
1408
1438
1453
1473
1533
1563
1638
1978
2130
200
2178
25
2203
80
2283
200
2483
35
2518
15
2533
55
2588
30
2618
125 2743
-1635 81 2824
•
941
•
Feet.
30
75
90
60
45
15
18
20
50
20
30
15
20
60
30
75
340
At a depth of 640 feet in the well, or 549 feet above tide, nat-
ural gas was reached, extending down 40 feet, beginning in
slate, and continuing in hard sand rock until salt water was
reached. This gas was ignited at the top of the drill hole, af-
fording a flame three feet high. The supply, however, soon
showed signs of weakening, indicating very decidedly the
moderate volume of gas at this level.
At 800 feet below the top of the well a second gas horizon
was reached, 389 feet above tide. This was found less pro-
ductive than the upper one. No more gas was found in this
test well below this second horizon.
Salt water was reached at 680 feet below the top of the well,
or 509 feet above tide. A second large supply of salt water
was struck 2130 feet below the top of the well (941 feet below
tide-level), which continued until the boring ceased at 2824
feet (1635 feet below tide).
Partial analyses of these saline waters showed 2 to 3 per
cent. of salt.
3
2 H³
366 H
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
fo
The test bore-hole indicated very clearly the location or the
source of the gas met with in the coal and iron ore mines of
the Cambria Iron Co., at Johnstown. The gas has evidently
ascended through the cracks, cleavage planes, openings and
fissures of the intervening rocks, reaching the coal and iron
ore beds above. This is corroborated by the fact that all issues
of gas yet discovered have been found in portions of the mines
where the strata of underlying rocks have been bent and
broken, affording openings for the upward movement of the
gas. The rapid exhaustion of these jets of fire-gas in the dis-
turbed places in the floor of the mine, is in harmony with the
rapid exhaustion of the source of it in the test well. As this
drill-hole is on the border of the old Blast Furnace mine, it is
possible that a portion of the natural gas in this locality may
have been dissipated in those workings.
It is difficult to establish the exact place of the gas in the
rocks here, and decide whether the horizons in which the gas
was found have been its normal home, or secondary reservoirs;
it seems reasonable to infer that it had its source in the Pocono
sandstone (X), the equivalent of the Butler, Clarion and
Venango oil sands, and also near the horizon of the Proto-Car-
boniferous measures of eastern Pennsylvania and Virginia.
It is not the design of the writer to assume that the source
of the fire gas met with in bituminous coal mines is always to
be found under the Coal Measures, but from the developments
at Johnstown the inference leans in this direction, qualified
by exceptional localities. The horizons of the gas-wells in
Western Pennsylvania are all beneath the Coal Measures.
Bennington Section, in part revised and corrected.
COAL BED E,
Fire-clay,
Gray sandstone,
Black slates,
•
•
COAL, east end of Allegheny tunnel,
Shales,
Limestone,
•
Drab shales,
COAL BED D,
Black slates,
Nodular limestone,
Fire-clay,
Ferriferous limestone,
•
5' 4
2' 0"
4' 0"
71 0!!
-IN
!
' 0''
5' 3'
3 0"
9/1
3' 5''
4' 3"
4' 6"
3'0'
41' 21/2/
1
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H' 367
)
}
Mr. Platt says of this Bennington section in HH, page 3:
"The only change made was in the vertical distance between
Beds D and E. Mr. Fulton's estimate makes the interval 41' 4'
whereas repeated measurements, carefully taken, increase the
distance as shown below."
[Mr. Fulton notes the fact that the measurements made by
him on this section were taken carefully with an engineer's
level and are correct. This portion of the section is therefore
reproduced. See plate of sections in Atlas for complete record,
drawn out.-O. B. H.]
SANG HOLLOW BORE-HOLE FOR NATURAL GAS.-At Sang Hollow
in West Taylor township, along the north shore of the Cone-
maugh river, about half a mile east of the Cambria- Westmore-
land county line and four miles below Johnstown, Mr. A. J.
Haws, of Johnstown, put down a bore-hole for natural gas.
A copy of the record has been furnished the Survey by Mr.
D. Peelor of Johnstown, Mr. Haws having permitted its publi-
cation.
This hole was started in the Catskill sandstone (IX) 800 feet
west of the Laurel Hill anticlinal..
From the record it seems that gas was struck 846 feet below
the top of the well or 301 feet above tide. The duration of the
flow is not stated, but as the hole was put down 1575 feet further
it is presumed to have lasted but a short time. No more gas
appears to have been met with in the hole. Salt water was
struck at a depth of 366 feet, 781 feet above tide. Depth of
hole 2421 feet.
The top of the well is 1147 feet above mean tide, at the foot
of Laurel Hill, the top of which, half a mile east of the well, is
2447 feet above tide. The following is the driller's record of
the well:
Sang Hollow bore-hole record.
Yellow loam,
Boulders,
Quick sand,
White sand,
Red rock (IX),
•
·
Wash,
Feet.
Feet.
18
22
32
51
71
18 to
4
10
19
20
368 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
Gray sandrock,
Slate and shales,
Gray sandstone,
Slate and shales,
Dark sandstone,
Black slate and shales,
Dark fine sandstone,
White slate,
White shales (SALT WATER),
Slate and shales,
Slate and shales,
Hard sandstone,
Red rock,
Slate and shales,
Hard white sandstone,
Slate and shales,
Hard sandstone,
•
Slate,
Hard fine sandstone,
Slate and shales,
Hard fine sandstone,
•
•
•
.
•
Red rock,
Slate and shales,
Red rock (with GAS),
Slate,
Hard gray sandstone,
Hard red sandstone,
Hard white sandstone,
Red rock,
Hard white sandstone,
Slate,
Hard gray sandstone,
Slate and shales,
Dark gray sandstone,
Slate and shales,
Hard sandstone,
•
•
•
•
•
Red shale,
Hard white sandstone,
Slate and shales,
Gray sandstone,
Slate and shales,
Gray sandstone,
Slate and shales,
Gray sandstone,
Slate and shales,
Hard sandstone,
Slate and shales,
Hard sandstone,
Slate and shales,
Hard sandstone,
White slate,
►
•
Feet.
•
•
•
·
·
•
Feet.
131
151
221
231
261
276
331
361
366
431
461
481
501
519
541
40
581
15
596
105
701
60
761
30
791
20
811
25
836
10
846
45
891
15
906
30
936
70
1006
25
1031
30
1061
30
1091
10
1101
160
1261
85
1346
60
1406
25
1431
10
1441
5
1446
40
1486
20
1506
25
1531
150
1681
25
1706
40
1746
35
1781
55
1836
50
1886
40
1926
60 1986
25
2011
30
2041
15
2056
•
60
20
70
10
30
15
55
30
5
65
30
20
20
18
22
7
1
}
C
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H³ 369
}
Hard dark sandstone,
Slate and hard shales,
Hard sandstone,
Slate and shales,
COAL,
Black slate,
•
Notes on the New Mines along the Pennsylvania Railroad.
Collected by A. G. Prosser and Oliver B. Harden.
Hard gritty slate roof.
Black slate,
•
GALLITZIN.-Three-quarters of a mile north-west of Gallitzin
in Gallitzin township, on the main line of the Pennsylvania
railroad, the Gallitzin Coal and Coke Company are working the
E bed or Lemon seam, by a rock slope 372 feet long, with a
pitch of 34°.
*
Mr. James Smith, the mine boss, reports the following sec-
tion of the bed:
•
Bed E, Lemon Seam, Section.
Feet.
Feet.
50
2106
2136
30
220 2356
65
2421
3
3' to 4"
5" to 6"
3' 0" to 4' 2''
2"
1' 0"
4"
3"
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
Fire-clay floor.
The bottom 4″ of slate and 3" of coal are not taken out ex-
cepting to make the gangway higher for the mules to travel.
The rise of the coal is about N. 75° E. with a pitch of from
4° to 4 degrees.
The main gangway on the north side the slope is 3,600 feet
long, and that on the south side 2,000 feet.
There are 172 bee-hive ovens at this place and 17 cars of
coke are shipped daily, and 15 cars of coal.
Mr. J. L. Mitchell, the general manager, furnishes the fol-
lowing analysis of the coke, of which Mr. Andrew S. McCreath,
* In these notes the geographical locations of new openings are merely
approximate and are intended simply to serve the reader in locating the
mines described. The sections and other information collected are credited
to the individuals from whom they were severally obtained. It has not
been possible in the time at our disposal to verify all this information, and
it is therefore submitted without further comment.-O. B. H.
370 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
of Harrisburg, says: "The samples of coke taken by me at
Steelton, November 26th and 29th, 1884, from your shipments
to the Pennsylvania Steel Company, yield on analysis the fol-
lowing results: "
Moisture,
Volatile matter,
Fixed carbon,
Sulphur,
Ash,.
Fire-clay,
Sandstone,
·
GALLITZIN SHAFT.-Half a mile south, over the hill from Gal-
litzin station, Messrs. Taylor and McCoy are working the Ebed,
by a shaft, the depth to the coal being 114 feet.
Mr. William Rodda, the mine superintendent, quotes from
memory the following section of the shaft:
Gallitzin Shaft Section.
·
·
•
Shales mixed with sandstone,
COAL (Bed E), .
Limestone, sandy,
A detailed section of Bed E reads thus :
·
•
•
·
about,
•
•
.108
.790
90.687
.927
7.488
100.000
•
Slate,
Bony,
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
COAL, no use,
The rise of the coal is S. 60° E.
A small coal bed, probably the Gallitzin seam about 6"
thick, crops out near the chimney stack 120 feet east of the
shaft and 13 feet higher than the collar of the shaft.
19′ 0″
43' 0"
52' 0''
5' 8"
8'0'
3" to
to
4"
6"
3' 0"
11/
1' 3"
6"
Coke is made in 120 bee-hive ovens. Eight hundred tons of
coal per day is now being mined, 550 of which is shipped to
market, the balance being made into coke.
The capacity of the mine is given at 1200 tons, but this
amount is not mined on account of the scarcity of railroad cars.
The mine was opened in March, 1882.
CRESSON SHAFT.-One mile east of Cresson station, in Wash-
ington township, a little north-west of the railroad, the Cresson
Coal and Coke Company have sunk a shaft to the E bed.
}
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H³ 371
Į
Mr. John K. Powell, the superintendent, furnishes the fol-
lowing information regarding this opening:
The top of the shaft is 2052 feet above ocean level, and about
25 feet below the level of the railroad, and the measures appear
to dip a little west of north.
A small coal bed one foot thick was struck at 189 feet from
the top, or 107' 6" above the E bed. This is probably the Gal-
litzin seam. Bed E is said to be of "excellent quality," though
as yet no analysis of it has been made.
Cresson Shaft Section.
Surface clay,
Gray sandstone,
Soft brown slate,
Hard blue slate,
Soft white slate,
Hard blue slate,
Hard gray sandstone,
Fire clay,
Hard gray sandstone,
Soft blue slate,
Hard gray sandstone,
Soft white sandstone,
Hard gray sandstone,
Hard black sandstone,
Hard blue sandstone,
COAL (Gallitzin seam),
Fire clay,. . .
Hard sandstone and slate,
Fire-clay,
Hard gray sandstone,
Soft blue slate,
Fire-clay,
Hard gray sandstone,
Fire-clay,
Hard gray sandstone,
Hard brown sandstone,
Hard gray sandstone,
Soft blue slate,
Hard black sandstone.
Black slate,
•
•
·
•
COAL, BED E.
·
Blue slate floor.
•
·
·
•
*
•
•
•
•
Coal,
Bony,
Coal,.
Parting,
Coal, .
Parting,
| Coal, .
•
•
511
5"
3' 2'
1"
1' 4"
I'
6'1
•
1' 0" to
1' 6" to
1' 0"
2'6''
12′ 6″
37' 6"
10' 0" to
25' 0" to
3'0' to
22' 0'' to
1
40′ 6″
62' 6''
9' 0" to 71′ 6·
8'0' to 79′ 6″
13' 0" to 92′ 6″
6" to 93' 0"
34' 0'' to 127' 0"
1' 0'' to 128′ 0″
48' 0 to 176′ 0″
4' 0" to 180' 0''
9' 0" to 189' 0'
1' 0" to 190′ 0'
9' 0" to 199′ 0″
17' 0" to 216′ 0″
8' 0" to 224' 0''
5′ 0″ to 229′ 0″
9' 0" to 238' 0''
5' 0" to 243′ 0″
2'6' to 245' 6''
4 6" to 250′ 0″
21' 0" to 271′ 0″
3' 6" to 274' 6'
9' 0'' to 283' 6''
7' 0" to 290' 6"
6' 0'' to 296' 6'
1' 0'' to 297' 6
6' 0'' to 303' 0
-
372 H'
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
Mr. Powell says 66 the company own about 1000 acres of
land, all of which is underlaid by the E bed and lower seams,
and they expect to do a large business in coal and coke."
Lilly Station.
SONMAN NO. 2 DRIFT.-A mile and a half east of Lilly station
on the P. R. R., up Bearrock run in Washington township, the
Sonman Coal & Coke Co., are working a drift on the Miller
seam (Bed B.) No. 2 opening; and one on Bed E, Sonman No.
3 opening, two hundred yards nearer to the station.
John Watson, the mine superintendent, reports a section of
Bed B, as follows:
Slate alternating with sandstone roof.
Coal,
Sandy fire-clay floor.
3' 9' to 4' 0"
There are no partings in the coal.
The greatest rise of the coal is S. 32º E.
Seven hundred yards of main gangway have been driven.
Twenty bee-hive ovens coke the coal at this opening, and 2
cars are shipped daily and 20 cars of coal.
The drift was opened in the fall of 1883.
SONMAN NO. 3 DRIFT.-On Bed E, on the same side the run,
200 yards below No. 2 drift, was opened in June, 1888.
The bed has a slate roof and is 4 feet thick, with a seam of
slate 14″ thick above the bottom of the bed (distance not
stated); between the slate and the coal there is a parting of
bone 6" thick.
The rise of the coal is S. 32° E. A self-acting plane 500 feet
long brings the coal to the tipple. There is 400 feet of main
gangway.
From 1 to 2 cars a day are shipped from this opening.
STANDARD COAL Co.'s DRIFT.-North of Sonman opening No.
2, on the east side of the north branch of Bearrock run, the
Standard Coal Co. have a drift on the Miller seam at water
level.
Mr. R. J. Hughes, manager says: "The seam shows an aver-
age of 38 to 42 inches, with a slate roof and fire-clay floor. The
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H* 373
}
measures rise to the south-east, say 2 inches to the yard.
The coal in this Miller or B vein increases in volatile matter
as we go north. While the coal on the opposite side of ravine,
through to Ben's creek, will give 18 per cent. of volatile matter—
our coal will show 22 per cent., and increases as we extend
our workings northward. The Blair Iron & Coal Co. work the
same vein at Bennington, where it shows 24 to 26 per cent. of
volatile matter and cokes excellently."
LILLY COAL COMPANY'S SLOPE.-A short distance north of the
above drift, and on the same side of the run, the Lilly Coal
Company are working a slope on the Miller seam, Bed B.
Dr. H. J. Evans, treasurer of the company, furnishes the fol-
lowing section of the measures passed through in the slope :
Lilly Slope Section.
Hard blue sandstone,
COAL,.
Fire-clay,
COAL,
Mixture of fire-clay, slate and bands of sand-
stone,
·
•
•
•
COAL and bony,
COAL,
Fire-clay floor.
·
Slate roof.
Slate, bony,
COAL,.
Binder (slate),
COAL,
Fire-clay floor.
•
•
·
•
BED B.
•
{
In the 3′ 8″ of coal above Bed B, there is a band of slate 1'
0" from the floor, and the seam contains much iron pyrites.
Rise of the coal S. 65° E., dip 2" to the yard.
The slope is 141 feet long, and has a pitch of 190.
A 30 H. P. single engine hoists the cars up the slope, and a
large Adams pump keeps the mine dry.
Capacity, 300 tons daily.
8' 0"
1' 4"
20' 0"
3' 8"
WEST OF LILLY STATION.-One mile west of Lilly station, on
the P. R. R., in Washington township, on the south-east side of
the track, Mr. Carron Leahey is operating a drift on Bed E,
under lease from D. Laughlin & Co.
The drift is 2800 feet south-east of the railway, and the coal
is brought to the tipple at the railroad by a self-acting plane.
Mr. Leahey reports this section of the bed:
10' to 1' 6"
6" to 10"
3' 6' to 3' 10"
811
3'0 "
" to 11"
1 6"
374 H'
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
A small bed (the Gallitzin seam) was seen 65 feet above
Bed E.
The greatest rise of the coal is S. 57° 30′ E. 3" to the yard.
Ships 900 to 1100 tons per month, restricted, however, by the
inability to get transportation.
The mine was opened in 1885.
Ben's Creek.
SONMAN SHAFT.-About a mile east from Sonman, in Portage
township, on the P. R. R., Ben's creek enters the Conemaugh,
and 2000 feet up the creek, east from the main line, the Son-
man Shaft Coal Company are working a shaft on Bed B.
The shaft goes down from the railroad level, and is 60 feet
deep.
Mr. McKee, the mine superintendent, gives this section from
memory.
Sonman Shaft.
Hard sandstone,
Slate,
Bony coal,
COAL,
Slate,
Fire-clay floor.
The bed is found faulty in some places, and is cut down to
2 feet by rolls in the clay, and sometimes it is cut out alto-
gether.
Rise of the measures, S. 67° E. 3" to the yard.
The main gangway is in 1900 feet. The average shipment
is 250 tons per day. The mine was opened in 1879.
A section of the measures here has been furnished by Mr.
MacDonald, which reads:
Sonman Section, south side Ben's creek.
1' 0" to
73' 0" to
4'0' to
/
1' 0"
74′0'
78' 0'
82′ 1″
4' 0" to 86' 1"
19' 0" to 105′ 1″
4' 1" to
6' 0" to 111' 1'
16' 0'' to 127' 1''
14' 0" to 141' 1"
5' 0'' to 146' 1''
3' 0" to 149' 1'·
•
•
•
COAL, Rider seam,
Interval, not explored,
Black slate,
COAL, Lemon seam (E),
Fire-clay,
Dark slates and shales,
Limestone,
Drab slates and shales,
•
•
Sandstone,
Brown slate,
Black slate, .
•
•
•
8" to
12' 0''
1' 0"
6'
3' 6'
10"
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H' 375
}
E4
COAL, Limestone seam (D'), .
Fire-clay,
Brown slates and shales,
Drab shales,
Black slate and COAL mixed (D),
Fire-clay,.
Slates and shales,
Sandstone,
Drab slates,
Black slates,
COAL (C),
Fire-clay,
Sandstone,
•
•
•
•
•
Slates and shales,
Black slate,
COAL, Miller seam (B),
•
•
Fire-clay,.
Gray slate and shales,
Black slates,
COAL and slate mixed (A),
Fire-clay,.
Slates and shales,
Sandstone,
Black slate,
COAL,.
•
•
2' 0'' to 151' 1"
2' 0'' to 153' 0"
18' 0'' to 171' 1''
14' 0'' to 185′ 1″
4' 0" to 189' 1"
2' 0'' to 191' 1"
17' 0'' to 208' 1''
39' 0" to 247' 1''
3' 0 to 250' 1''
1
2' 0'' to 252′ 1 '
1' 8" to 253' 9''
2' 0'' to 255' 9''
3' 0" to 258' 9''
9' 0'' to 267' 9'
4' 0" to 271' 9''
4' 0" to 275' 9''
4' 0" to 279′ 9''
9' 0" to 288' 9'
2' 0" to 290′ 9″
5' 0'' to 295′ 9″
20" to 297' 9''
21' 0" to 318' 9''
3' 0" to 321′ 9″
2' 0" to 323′ 9″
1' 8" to 325' 5''
(See section plotted on a scale of 40' to 1 inch, for compari-
son, on sheet in Atlas to H2 and H³.)
LAUGHMAN & Co.'s DRIFT.-Opposite the shaft last men-
tioned, and on the other side (N.) Ben's creek, in Washington
township, and going in a few feet above water level, D. Laugh-
man & Co. have a drift on Bed B.
Thomas Leahey, the superintendent, reports this section of
the bed:
Slate and sandstone roof.
Coal (clean),
Fire-clay floor.
The rise of the coal is S. 65° E. and it dips 23" to the yard.
There is 700 feet of mule tramway along the contour of the
hill, down the creek to the tipple at the main line P. R. R.
The measures up Ben's creek rise very rapidly S. E., so that
the workings of this mine and those of the E. W. Mentzer mine,
half a mile further up the creek, high up on the hill, are con-
nected.
4' 0"
The shipments average 300 to 350 tons per day. The mine
was opened in 1882.
376 H'
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
SONMAN COLLIERY No. 1.-Seven-tenths of a mile up Ben's
creek from the station, on the south side the creek, in Portage
township, and 800 feet above the Sonman shaft, is the Sonman
Colliery No. 1, operated by W. H. Piper & Co.
The drift is on the Miller seam, Bed B.
Daniel Leahey, the superintendent, reports this section of
the bed:
Sandstone roof.
"Draw slate,"
Bone,
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
Fire-clay floor.
0' to 5"
4"
2' 6" to 4' 6"
2"
4"
Fourteen feet above this coal is a "sulphur vein." The rise
of the coal is about S. 67° E.; pitch 3" to the yard. There is
about 4200 feet of gangway. Shipments average 300 tons a
day. The mine was opened in 1872.
BEN'S CREEK FIRE-CLAY.-One mile up Ben's creek in Port-
age township, on the south side of the stream, a few feet above
water level, and just under the new extension of the branch
railroad to Mitchell's opening, Wilhelm & McGonigle are op-
erating a drift, on what seems to be the bed of fire-clay nearest
above the conglomerate which is exposed in the creek.
Little could be learned of this opening. The clay is said to
be over 8 feet thick and very good. It is pulverized at a mill
a little further down the creek, where it is loaded on the cars.
MENTZER'S MINE.-On the north side of Ben's creek in Wash-
ington township, up on the hill, and nearly opposite the fire-
clay drift above mentioned, E. W. Mentzer is working a drift
on the Miller seam (Bed B).
Mr. J. A. Leap, the mine superintendent, gives this section
of the bed:
Draw slate roof.
Bony,
COAL,
Slate,
•
6"
4" to
4' 0"
4'
Fire-clay floor.
The rise is about S. 65° E. and the dip 3" to the yard.
There is a mule tramroad 600 feet long, from the drift to the
head of a self-acting plane 1300 feet long, the pitches of which
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H³ 377
j
!
vary from 8° to 17°, and it is 600 feet further to the tipple at
the cars.
The mouth of the drift is 200 feet higher than the railroad
level at tipple. They have 1500 feet of gangway driven.
The capacity of mine is 300 tons a day. It was opened in
1887. This mine is connected by the workings with the mine
of D. Laughman & Co. before mentioned.
MITCHELL'S OPENING.-About 14 miles up Ben's creek from
the main line P. R. R., the furthermost opening up the creek,
on the south side of it, the branch railroad is being extended
(January, 1889), to the works of Mr. J. L. Mitchell, who has
opened a drift on Bed B, at an elevation of about 250 feet
above the creek level.
The drift is in 70 feet, and at the face a section of the bed
was taken by Mr. Prosser, which reads:
Slate roof.
Bony,
COAL,
Bony,
COAL,
Fire-clay,
Bed rises 6' in 100'.
The 1" of bony is thought by Mr. Mitchell to disappear as
the drift goes further in.
A section of the measures on Ben's creek 14 miles from the
station, measured by Mr. MacDonald, is as follows:
Ben's Creek Section.
•
•
•
COAL, rider seam,
Interval, not exposed,
Black slate,
COAL, Lemon seam (E),
Fire-clay,
Drab slates and shales,
Limestone,
Brown slates and shales,
Sandstone, .
Black slate,
COAL (D'), .
Fire-clay,
Drab sandstone,
Dark shales,
Black slate,
COAL (D),
་
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1' 2'' to
54' 0"
3' 0"
4' 0"
7'0"
15' 0"
6' 0"
15' 0''
10' 0"
2' 0"
3' 1"
2' 0"
8' 0"
11' 0"
4' 0"
2'6"
3"
2' 0"
1"
1' 9/1
6'
1' 2''
55' 2'
58' 2"
62' 2'
69' 2"
84' 2'1
90' 2"
105' 2'
115' 2"
117' 2''
120' 3'
122' 3"
130' 3'
141' 3"
145' 3''
147' 9'
378 H'
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
Fire-clay,
Limestone or cement,
Gray sandstone,
Black slate,
COAL (C'),
Fire-clay,
Slates and shales,
Black slates,
COAL (C),
Fire-clay,
Sandstone,
Drab shales,
Black slate,
COAL, Miller seam (B), .
Fire-clay,
Drab slates,
•
Sandstone,
Blue slate,
COAL,
Fire-clay,
Slates and shales,
Sandstone,
COAL and slate mixed,
Fire-clay,
Sandstone,
Slates and shales,
Sandstone,
•
·
•
Dark slates,
COAL,
Fire-clay, yellow,
Fire-clay, white,
Fire clay, blue,
•
•
•
2' 0"
5'0"
. 35' 0"
2' 0"
2'6'
1
1' 6"
21' 0'
3' 0"
3' 0'
1' 0"
3' 0"
10' 0'
5' 0"
4' 0"
4' 0'
4' 0"
10' 0'
2'6'
2' 0"
1' 0"
19' 0"
3' 6"
4' 9/1
•
•
•
•
•
•
5' 0"
. 10' 6'
10' 0''
14' 6"
4' 6"
6"
4' 0"
5' 0"
3'0'
149' 9'
154' 9''
189' 9/1
191' 9''
194' 3"
195' 9''
216' 9"
219' 9"
222′ 9/1
223' 9/1
226' 9"
236' 9"
241′ 9″
245' 9'1
249' 9'1
253' 9''
263' 9"
266' 3"
268' 3"
269' 3'
288' 3"
291' 9'
296' 6'
301' 6'
312' 0''
322' 0'
336' 6''
341' 0'
341' 6"
345' 6"
350' 6"
353' 6"
(See section plotted on a scale of 40 feet to 1 inch, for com-
parison, on sheet in Atlas to H² and H³.)
SONMAN BORE-HOLE.-1500 feet west of Sonman station in
Portage township, about 200 feet north of the P. R. R. track,
the Cambria Mining and Manufacturing Co. put down a bore.
hole in August, 1886. A copy of this record has been kindly
furnished by Mr. John Baird, the president, together with a
sheet of sections for comparison, prepared by Mr. L. MacDonald,
mining engineer, of Altoona, who has also furnished written
records of the two Ben's Creek sections. These sections have
been replotted; their arrangement changed and a section of
Cresson shaft included in its proper geographical position on
the sheet. The local names of the coal beds have been re-
tained.
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H' 379
....
}
l
1. Loose rock,
2'
2. Clay,
8'
24'
3. Sand and gravel,
4-6. Sandstone,
22'
7-14. Slates of different color and hardness, 65'
COAL, first drilling, 3′ 10″
15.
16.
COAL, Second, LEMON SEAM,
17-19. Slates of different kinds,
20. Sandstone,
21. {COAL, first drilling, 2′ 11″
22. Slate,
Sonman bore-hole.
•
COAL, Second, LIMESTONE SEAM, 3'
26'
•
Big flow of water at 206' 9''
23. Gray sandstone,
24. Black slate,
1
25. {COAL, first drilling 5′ 2
COAL, second, CEMENT SEAM,
26. Black slate,
27. Fire-clay,
28. Limestone,
29. Sandstone,
30. COAL,.
31. Black slate,
32. Gray slate,
33. Gray sandstone,
34. White sandstone,
•
35. Gray sandstone,
36. COAL,
37. Black slate,
•
•
•
38. Gray sandstone,
39. Black slate, .
40. COAL, MILLER SEAM,
41. Slate,
42. Sandstone, hard,
43. Slate,
44. White sandstone,
45. Sandstone,
46. Sandstone,
47. Black slate,
48. COAL,.
49. Black slate,
50. Gray slate,
51. Gray sandstone,
52. White sandstone,
53. White sandstone,
54. White sandstone,
55. Gray slate,
56. Black slate,
57. Black slate,
58. Fire-clay,
•
•
•
•
4'
36'
13
•
པ་ བ
ㅎ​ㅎㅎㅎ
​12'
07
6"
9'
6'1
6"
6'
3'
10'
21"
6"
10"
5'
4/1
3' 10"
2"
9''
10'
11' 0"
4'
11"
2"
31/1
6"
9/1
6'
11' 5/1/7
8'
2"
6'
11'
י/11
1' 6'1
2'
6'
3' 3/1/
61½"
511
3"
011
3"
3"
4' 0'
2/
1'
6"
10' 10"
6' 0'
18'
0"1
12'
011
2'
2/1
6'
3"
6' 3"
8'
1"
6!!
6'1
11/"
3/1/"
ลง
2/
10
34'
57'
122'
126'
163'
177/
ㅎㅎ​ㅎㅎㅎ
​8/1/2
21/"
0½/2"
2/1/1
180'
206' 11"
214'
5"
220' 21"
225'
229/
240'
251'
256'
256'
262'
274'
1 1/
282'
31/
288' 9/22
6/1/
4늘​'
3½"
31
오늘​이
​41"
8.1
300' 3/1/
300' 5"
312' 82121
314' 21"
316' 8/2
320' 0"
6/1
320'
329' 11"
330'
2171
336'
339'
349' 8 1/2"
21/
1
IN -IN -IN -IN
5/1/"
353'
353 101"
I
8/1
-IN -IN -IN -IN -IN
355' 4늘​"
366'
372! 2늘​"
390'
402' 21/2"
404'
41/"
410' 74"
416' 10"
424' 11"
425'
//
2
2늘​1
-12
380 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
Bottom of hole given by Mr. MacDonald's record, 424' 10'.
The record furnished by Mr. Baird stops 12 feet in stratum
52. It appears however that the hole was drilled 40' 11" below
this to the Brookville coal bed, represented probably by the
6' 3" of black slate stratum No. 56, and Mr. MacDonald in
furnishing the lower part of the record says, "about 30 feet
below the Miller seam they had black slate 4' 0"; coal 2″;
black slate 1' 6", and there was a heavy flow of water here
that would prevent them getting the right thickness of the
coal. A churn drill was used that broke the coal up fine so
that the water floated it away. Probably part of the black
slate above and below was coal.
The same was likely the case in the black slate 6′ 3″ and
8' 1" near the bottom of the hole."
From the record previously furnished the Survey and the
record of the lower part of the hole, from the Miller seam
down, there appears an error of 3 inches, as the total amounts
to 425′ 14″, whereas Mr. MacDonald says: Bottom of drill-
hole 424' 10"."
66
A comparison of the sections shown on the plate shows the
small coal bed (Gallitzin seam) from 55 to 77 feet above the
U. Freeport bed to be here absent, though in all the other sec-
tions on the sheet it is met with from 57 to 106 feet above Bed
E, it may, however, have been overlooked in the 65' 6" of
"slates of different colors and hardness" immediately above
the U. Freeport bed.
HOLLAND & WILLIAMS' DRIFT.-One mile up Trout run, east
from Portage station on the railroad, in Portage township, on
the north side of the run, John Holland and John Williams
are operating a drift on the Upper Freeport bed (E).
Mr. Holland reports this section:
Bone and slate mixed,
COAL,
Slate,
COAL, mining,
Bottom slate,
Fire-clay floor.
•
•
Mines on Trout Run.
•
•
·
•
1' 0"
3' 0"
1"
1' to 1' 2'
3
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H³ 381
}
Course of gangway north. Coal rises eastward 4° to 5°, and
as high as 7°.
No shipments this year. Last year, 8000 tons.
TOOLE & SYMINDGER'S DRIFT.-Next above the Holland and
Williams opening, about three-eighths of a mile further up the
the run, on the south side, Messrs. Toole & Symindger have a
drift on Bed E, which goes in about 20 feet above water level.
Mr. John Watt gives this section of the bed:
Sandstone roof.
COAL,
Fire-clay floor.
.. 4 0
There is 1500 feet of main gangway. The coal rises 4° south-
east. Capacity of the mine, 75 to 100 tons a day. Was opened
in 1885.
MILLER COAL COMPANY'S DRIFT.-On the north side of Trout
run, nearly opposite the drift last mentioned, close to water
level, the Miller Coal Company have a drift on Bed E.
Mr. Watt gives the same thickness to the bed as that above
4') with a bony coal roof.
One foot from the floor there is a parting of slate which is
rom" to 14" thick.
The gangway is in 1200 feet. A roll was encountered in this
drift, the course of which is S. 30° E., which will necessitate
a new opening.
The mine was opened in the summer of 1886.
J. C. MARTIN'S DRIFT.-Two miles and four-tenths up Trout
run from Portage station, on the P. R. R., J. C. Martin has a
drift on the south side the run on the E bed, 42 feet vertically
above the railroad level.
Mr. John Watt, the superintendent, gives this section of the
bed:
Sandstone roof, sometimes shale.
COAL (clean),
Fire-clay floor.
..4 0/
They encountered a roll in this mine the course of which is
about S. 30° E., and it is the same roll as mentioned in the
Miller Coal Company's drift.
The coal is mined up to the edge of the roll on the west.
There is 1200 feet of main gangway.
3 H³
382 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
One hundred tons per day are shipped, but the capacity is
250 tons.
Twelve Bee-hive ovens make 7 cars of coke per week.
COLUMBIA No. 3 SLOPE.-Two and six-tenth miles above Port-
age station, in Portage township, Mitchell, Lazar & Co. operate
a slope 200 feet south of Trout run.
The slope is on the B bed, and is 260 feet long. The course
of the slope is S. 10° W., and it pitches 14°.
Mr. D. A. Johnson, the mine superintendent, reports this
section of the bed:
Slate roof.
Bone COAL,
COAL,
Fire-clay floor.
The main gangway is 2500 feet long.
Three hundred tons a day are shipped.
The mine was opened in 1884. ·
•
•
BOYER & CRESSON'S DRIFT.-Much higher on the hill, south
of the preceding slope, Boyer & Cresson have opened a drift
on the E bed. The gangway is in about 1040 feet. The course
of the drift is about S. 30° E.
Three hundred feet in from the mouth of the drift a roll was
encountered, cutting down the bed to 6", and in some places.
cutting it out altogether.
It is reported that they were trying to work around the roll,
though little work was being done at the time of our visit.
There is a self-acting plane to convey the coal to the level of
the railroad, probably 120 feet below the drift mouth.
There are 25 coke ovens to coke the coal here, but they ap-
parently had not been fired (January, 1889).
•
CLEARFIELD CONSOLIDATED COAL COMPANY'S DRIFT.-Three
miles up the branch railroad from Portage station, on the north
side Trout run, a drift on Bed B is worked by the Clearfield
Consolidated Coal Company. It goes in close to water level.
Mr. Joseph Campbell, the mine superintendent, says of this
bed: Sometimes there is a slate roof, changing to sandstone,
Bone,
COAL,
Fire-clay,
COAL,
Fire-clay floor.
•
2" to 3"
3′ 8″
3" to
3"
4' 0"
6"
6"
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H³ 383
The rise of the coal is east of south, and pitches 3" to the
yard.
Gangway is in 500 or 600 yards. Shipments about 300 tons.
The drift was opened in 1884.
Mr. R. J. Hughes of Altoona says, speaking of mines on
Trout run: "I am about to open out a slope on the Sonman
property, on Trout run, above Portage, just below the Clear-
field Consolidated Coal Company's opening (that mentioned
above). We expect to reach the vein at a vertical depth of
35 feet.
MARTIN'S DRIFT.-About 1000 feet above the Clearfield Con-
solidated Company's drift, on the north side Trout run, in
Portage township, the furthermost opening from Portage sta-
tion, J. C. Martin has just opened a drift on Bed B.
Mr. Campbell, of the above mine, says the bed has a slate
roof. Bony coal, 0" to 2"; coal, 3' 10"; dirty coal and slate, 2",
and has a fire-clay floor.
Summer Hill.
SUMMER HILL STONE QUARRY.-A few hundred feet west of
Summer Hill, in Croyle township, on the north side the Penn-
sylvania railroad, John Brown leases a large quarry, in the
Mahoning sandstone, from the Cambria Iron Company. The
stone is used for building purposes.
NEAR EHRENFELD STATION.-One mile west from Summer
Hill, in Croyle township, on the line of the P. R. R. and 100
yards east of Ehrenfeld station, on the south side and 8 feet
higher than the railroad, J. W. Haywood has drifted on Bed D?
Mr. F. W. Hill reports this section of the bed:
Sandstone roof.
Slate,
COAL,
•
1' 6''
3' 8'1
Fire-clay floor.
One foot six inches from the floor occurs 14″ of slate. The
rise of the coal is S. E. and pitches 3" to the yard.
Capacity, 125 tons a day.
About 50 feet above this drift a little S. E. there is an old
opening on Bed E? which is said to be 18" thick, with three
or four partings of slate in it. The drift went in about 50
far enough only to see the character of the bed.
384 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
At Ehrenfeld Station, 100 yards west of the preceding open-
ings, on the lower side the railroad, close to water level, there
is an old drift on Bed B? No section of the bed was obtainable.
WEBSTER COLLIERY No. 3.-Half way between Summer Hill
and South Fork, on the Old Portage railroad, in Croyle town-
ship, about 30 feet above the road bed, on the north side the
Conemaugh river, J. C. Scott & Sons have two drifts on the
Miller seam (B), one of the drifts being used as a travelling
way for men and mules.
Mr. Philip Hartman, the superintendent, reports this section
of the bed:
Hard sandstone roof.
Raw slate,
COAL,
Slate, black, hard,
2" to 6'
4' 0"
1" to 1' 0"
Fire-clay floor.
The rise of the coal is N. 55° W. and pitches 12' to the 100'.
Capacity of mine, 1000 tons a day.
The coal is too dry to coke. At Bennington this same coal
makes a good coke.
This opening was made in the fall of 1883.
What is known as the "Tail Rope System" is in use at this
mine. The length of rope at present used is 2600 feet and it is
designed to extend it 1600 feet. From 35 to 40 cars are brought
out at a trip. The return rope runs along pulleys on the top
and side of the gangway.
A double engine is used with two drums elevated above the
bed plate, the inside flanges of each drum containing a friction
clutch. It is so designed that the engine runs always in the
same direction and needs no reversing, either drum and clutch
being used as desired to bring out the loaded or take the empty
cars in the mine.
South Fork.
AURORA MINE.-At South Fork, on the north side the Cone-
maugh river, in Croyle township, on the Old Portage railroad,
Luke & Heist operate a drift on Bed B, under lease from the
Cambria Iron Company.
Mr. F. Croyle, the mine superintendent, reports the follow-
ing section of the bed:
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1838.
H' 385
Sandstone and slate roof.
COAL, averages,
Hard fire-clay floor, sometimes sandstone.
No parting in the bed.
The rise of the measures is N. 55° W. and the pitch 12 to
the 100'. There is 1600 feet of main entry driven and the rooms
are driven to the north-west of the main entry.
About 120 tons per day are mined for steam purposes.
A self-acting plane 630 feet long brings the cars to the tipple
at the railroad level.
These workings and those of the Argyll mine, 1400 west, are
connected.
The mine was opened in the fall of 1880.
Slate roof.
Cannel COAL,
Good COAL,
ARGYLL MINE.-Fourteen hundred feet west of the Aurora
mine, opposite South Fork Tower, and on the same hill, Coul-
ter & Huff operate a driſt under lease from the Cambria Iron
Company.
Bed B, which is worked here, is of the same thickness and
character as at the Aurora mine. There is about 3300 feet of
main entry. The coal is taken out to the N. W. of the main
entry. 375 tons a day are mined, mainly to supply the engines
of the Pennsylvania railroad at their coaling station here.
A self-acting plane 1150 long takes the coal to the railroad.
In these workings there is a fault which runs in the direction
of the main heading N. 33° E. and 2100 feet west of it, and the
character of the coal changes to this section:
·
·
Sandstone,
Fire-clay floor.
·
..3' 6'
Sandstone roof.
Coal,..
2' 01.
2' 21'
2'6 "1
The fault is 350 feet wide, and the coal comes in regular
again after the fault is passed.
At 3600 feet west of the main entry, the Viaduct axis is en-
countered.
EUCLID MINE.-Opposite South Fork Tower, on the south
side of the Conemaugh river, Dr. J. C. Luke operates a drift
on Bed B.
This section is given by Dr. Luke:
4' 0"
386 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
Sometimes there is a slate parting in it or slaty coal 18 inches
from the floor, which is fire clay.
There is a self-acting plane to bring the coal to the tipple at
the cars.
This mine was opened fifteen years ago, but the
present lease dates from 1880.
About three quarters of a mile of gangway have been
driven. One hundred and fifty tons per day are shipped.
SOUTH FORK FIRE-CLAY.-On the west side of the South
Fork, about 2000 feet from where it enters the Conemaugh
river, up on the mountain, A. J. Haws & Son, of Johnstown,
are working a seam of fire-clay. It is the lower bed, and is
said to be 130 feet below the Miller seam, and close on the
Conglomerate No. XII.
There are three openings, the uppermost one being the old-
est and now closed in. The course of the main entry (the
middle one) at the face is S. 22° W., and there is about 400.
feet of gangway. On the edge of the hill, however, further
east, they are in 700 feet from the mouth of the drift.
The third or lowest opening is 130 feet south-east of the main
entry, it having been made to carry off the water, as in the
main entry the bed went beneath water level and could not
all be taken out.
Mr. J. Wicks, the mine superintendent, reports this section
of the bed:
Slate roof.
Fire-clay,
Sandstone floor.
3' 6" to 4' 0"
The bed rises 6 feet to the hundred.
The clay is hauled by mules to the tipple on a tram-road
1600 feet long; and 10 cars per week are shipped.
The product is taken to Johnstown, where it is made into
fire-brick, tuyeres, etc.
An analysis of clay from what is most likely this same bed
opened on the north side the Conemaugh, is given by Mr.
Platt, in Report HH, page 147, in describing an old mine
three-fourths of a mile S. W. of the Big Viaduct, as he says,
"it clearly underlies all the coals, and must rest near the top
of the Seral Conglomerate."
J. C. STINEMAN'S DRIFTS.-Half a mile from South Fork sta-
4
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
387
H³ 3
C
tion, on the P. R. R., on the S. W. side the South Fork in
Croyle township, J. C. Stineman is working Bed B. The
line of strike is S. 36° W.
Mr. Stineman reports this section :
Slate and sandstone roof.
COAL,
Fire-clay floor.
→
•
The main gangway is in about 3100 feet.
Four hundred feet south of the main drift (Bed B) Bed C"
has been opened. There is 400 feet of gangway in this bed.
It has a
Hard slate roof,
COAL,
3' 8"
with from 0' to 2" of slate about the middle of the bed, and a
Water,
Volatile matter,
Fixed carbon,
Sulphur,
Ash,.
Hard fire clay floor.
One thousand feet east of the main drift, Bed E, has been
opened. There is 400 feet of gangway in this bed.
From 500 to 600 tons a day are shipped here.
The present opening was made in 1880.
A sample of the Miller bed (B) was analysed by Mr. Andrew
S. McCreath in May, 1888, whose report reads:
•
·
. . 2' 6" to 5' 0"
Phosphorus,
Coke, per cent., 81.65.
Character of coke, good.
Color of ash, light gray.
.003
1
1.090
16.485
76.791
.774
4.860
100.000
"The analysis shows this to be an excellent coal, both for
steam and blast furnace purposes. The sulphur and ash are
very low, and the phosphorus hardly worth taking into ac-
count. It is, in fact, equal to any coal in Pennsylvania for the
purposes above mentioned."
It is not stated how this sample was selected.
G. B. STINEMAN'S SLOPE.-One thousand six hundred feet
east of South Fork station in Croyle township on the south
side the Conemaugh river, 40 feet above the railroad, Mr.
George B. Stineman has a slope on the Miller seam.
388 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
Mr. Stineman gives this section of the bed:
Sandstone roof,
Coal,
Fire-clay,
Coal, too sulphury to mine,
•
3' 6" to 4'
3" to 2'
0'
0''
10"
The entry is in level 100 yards to the slope on the dip of the
coal, which is 1800 feet long and pitches 6' 3" to the 100'; the
greatest dip of the coal is from 7' to 8' to the 100'.
Two hundred and fifty tons are shipped daily, which is used
for steam purposes.
The mine was opened in 1869.
Mr. R. J. Hughes, of Altoona, says: "I made the first open-
ing on the Miller or B vein at South Fork in 1867, at what was
called the South Fork Coal Works."
Slate roof.
COAL,
Sandstone,
COAL,
Fire-clay floor.
MINERAL POINT.-On the hill north-east of the railroad, Bed
A is found to outcrop. There is a rise of 12 feet to the 100
east to the Viaduct axis, which crosses the railroad one mile
east of the village.
George Shafer is opening Bed B for household use at the
above place, at the outcrop it is 3' thick; 26 feet above this
another seam, Bed C? appears.
Mr. Prosser gives this section of it:
1' 0'
1' 0"
1' 6"
Here there is an area of Pocono sandstone which extends
of a mile north, up Salt Lick run and 14 miles east of the
village along the Conemaugh, outcropping in the bed of the
river.
The Mauch Chunk red shale also outcrops here circumscrib-
ing a somewhat larger area.
CAMBRIA COLLIERY.-About three quarters of a mile west of
Mineral Point, in Conemaugh township, on the P. R. R., on the
south side of the Conemaugh river, 300 feet up on the hill from
the railroad, a drift on Bed B? is worked by Reighard & Page.
Another bed has been drifted on from 40 to 50 feet higher.
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H³ 389
Mr. E. Reighard gives the following section of Bed B?:
Slate and sandstone roof.
COAL (clean),
COAL slate,
COAL,
Fire-clay floor.
Commencing at the mouth of the drift there is 800 feet of in-
side plane, and south of this there is 150 feet of gangway.
A self-acting plane drops the cars down to the tipple 100±
feet vertically below.
4 0"
8" to
10"
1' 6" to 1' 8'1
The mine was opened in 1882.
The upper bed spoken of is about 4 feet thick and rises
rapidly. The Viaduct anticlinal passes about half a mile west
of this opening.
Johnstown.
A. J. HAWS & SON'S SHAFT.-At this shaft which is 50 feet
north of the Pennsylvania railroad, at the west end of their
kilns, A. J. Haws & Son are working the fire-clay bed imme-
diately under the Miller coal bed. The shaft was sunk for the
purpose of working the B bed, but the coal is not now mined,
because of the introduction of natural gas, which they use to
burn the fire-brick. The shaft is 110 feet deep to the fire-clay
bed, which is 3 feet thick.
CUSHON MINE.-This drift, which is leased from the Cambria
Iron Co. by Messrs. Fulton & Caddy, is across the Conemaugh
river, from Woodvale half a mile north-east of Johnstown.
The old mine was opened in January, 1880. A large area of
coal in the E bed has been taken out to the extent of the Cam-
bria Iron Co.'s property.
A new opening on the same bed was made 3000 feet east of
the old one, about 300 feet above water level, owing to the
long inside haul, and the expense of keeping up gangways.
Mr. Thomas Fulton reports about 300 feet of new gangway.
He gives this section of the bed:
Slate roof,
COAL,
Slate,.
Fire-clay and SS. floor.
6" to
3' 6'!
10"
In the 3' 6" of coal there is a piece of bony 2"-3" in the bot-
tom of it.
390 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
The rise of the coal is S. 65° 30° E. with a dip of 4' to the
100'. Two hundred tons per day are produced, which is used
entirely for locomotive and steam purposes.
A self acting plane is used to bring the coal 300 feet down
to the shipping point.
A large body of Bed E coal exists south-east of the old open-
ing belonging to individual owners, which could be worked
from the old drift.
The new drift was opened in 1887.
CONEMAUGH MINE.-The Conemaugh mine of the Cambria
Iron Company is designed to supply the Conemaugh spiegel
furnace of the company with coke. The coke is of a soft
quality, but answers very well for this special furnace work as
designed to drive the furnace very fast or at a high tempera-
ture so as to avoid reducing silica.
Amsbry.
CAMBRIA COAL AND COKE COMPANY.-At Amsbry, in Gallitzin
township, two miles S. W. of Ashville P. O., on the Cresson,
Clearfield County and New York Short Route railroad, the
works of the Cambria Coal and Coke Company are situated.
The slope is about 200 feet east of the railroad and is 35 or 40
feet long to the E bed. It has a pitch of 9° S. 50° E.
Mr. R. H. Spendley, general manager, says the bed averages
4′ 2″ to 4′ 6″ thick and has a thin slate parting in it about 15″
from the bottom. It has a roof of sandstone and a fire-clay
floor.
There are twelve bee-hive ovens going and 50 more are pro
jected for completion in the spring.
The capacity of the mine is 200 tons per day.
A new tipple is now being built with a capacity of 1000 tons.
The mine was opened in September, 1885.
Dean's Station.
DEAN'S STATION FIRE-CLAY.-At Deans Station, in Dean town-
ship, on the Cresson, Clearfield County and New York Short
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H$ 391
}
多
​Route railroad, about a mile and a half up the run to the south-
east, Messrs. Harbison & Walker are mining a fire-clay bed
which crops out at an opening 20 feet above water level.
Mr. Hepburn Walker says, there are two beds, the lower of
which at the thickest place is 4 feet, the average being 24 to
3 feet. The lower bed only is worked, and it is said to be about
20 feet above the top of the Conglomerate No. XII, it is no
doubt the same bed worked by A. J. Haws & Son, at South Fork,
along the P. R. R. The upper bed is not good enough for the
market. There is another opening on the hill further up the
creek.
The upper bed is found to outcrop on the hill near the station.
No analysis of this clay has been made.
The measures dip north-west about 5' to the 100'.
They ship about two cars of clay per day, and have been in
operation about six months.
COALS AT DEAN'S STATION.-Mr. R. J. Hughes, of Altoona,
furnishes the following information about the coals here. He
says: "During the past summer I opened out a full section of
the coal veins at Dean's Station. I found the vein called by
Mr. Platt as B to be A', 2 feet thick and no good. The face of
the hill here is so disturbed that all the veins are in bad con-
dition and of little value. The Big Dougherty vein which is D
(old style) we found but the lower half of 24 feet was slate
mixed with coal, the upper part 2 feet shows coal, but the
roof was not in place, being badly disturbed."
Frugality.
CRESSON AND CLEARFIELD COAL AND COKE COMPANY.-At Fru-
gality, in Reade township, on the line of the Cresson, Clearfield
County and New York Short Route railroad, about half a mile.
above and south-west of the station, the works of the Cresson
and Clearfield Coal and Coke Company are situated.
There are two drift openings, the Lower mine on Bed C',
the Upper mine on Bed E.
392 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORt of 1877.
Mr. Prosser reports a section of Bed C' as follows:
Slate roof.
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
Fire-clay floor.
•
•
•
Mr. R. Bowen, the mine superintendent, reports Bed E to
average 3' thick, with a slate binder about 6" from the floor,
and a seam of cannel coal about 4" under that. It has a slate
roof and hard fire-clay floor.
Bed B has beer shafted on about 50 feet vertically below
bed C.
Between Beds C' and E there is a vertical distance of 98
feet, with Bed D between them and 55' feet above C'. See
Section 13 on the plate of columnar sections in Atlas to Reports
H² and H³. The rise of the coal is S. 35° E., the pitch averaging
4' to the 100'.
2
Coke is being made principally from E bed, only the slack
from Bed C' being used, by 88 eleven-foot bee hive ovens.
The coal is delivered to the screens by a self-acting plane,
25° pitch, a vertical distance of 130 feet. From water level to
the lower mine, Bed C', is a vertical distance of 200 feet. Lump
coal is shipped to market for steam purposes.
The mines were opened in September, 1887.
Judge Dean furnishes the following analyses. One of Bed E
coal, was made July, 1885, by Mr. John Fulton, of the Cambria
Iron Company, taken from "old Mr. Dougherty's country bank
near Dean's Station and a short distance from the lands of the
Cambria Iron Company," which reads:
"The coke is firm, bright and fully up to the Gallitzin coke
for all uses. The elements of this coke show a general average
of 48 to 72 hour coke.
Carbon by difference,
Silicon,
"With care in mining and under heavier covering this coal
will make excellent marketable coke."
Phosphorus,
Sulphur,
Manganese,
Ash,
•
1' 4"
•
11"
11"
thin band.
4' 3"
•
•
89.97
0.00
.011
.649
Connellsville coke
for comparison.
87.46
00.00
.029
.69
0.00
11.32
0.00
9.37
T. T. MORELL,
Chemist.
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H³ 393
:
Į
!
Another analysis of a sample from the same seam (E) made
by the Pennsylvania Steel Co., May 29, 1888, reads:
Moisture,
Carbon,
Volatile matter,
Ash,
Phosphorus,
•
•
•
Volatile matter,
Fixed carbon,
Ash,
Phosphorus,
Sulphur,
•
100.018
And analyses of the E and C' bed coals, made September,
1888, by Dr. Chas. B. Dudley, which read:
Ebed.
3.02
•
86.38
10.60
0.02
1.32
0.10
88.10
.25
11.55
.018
C bed.
2.86
85.86
11.28
0.02
1.80
"The volatile matter in the two cokes shows how well the
coking is done and includes also the water. The determina-
tion of moisture in coke samples is subject to a good deal of
variation and we do not extremely separate the water from the
other volatile matter. We should say, however, these samples
would bear a little better coking since the volatile matter, in-
cluding the water, is somewhat higher than we are accustomed
to find in first-class coke. The ash in the two cokes is not at
all high. Connellsville runs from 12 to 14 per cent. ash, and
as you know both of these are below that limit, the ash in the
coal is very high indeed, and would indicate that it was taken
from near the out-crop or possibly from the edge of the seam
near the slate. Otherwise than the high ash, the coal is pretty
fair, the sulphur being not high for this high ash and rather
higher phosphorous probably being due to the large amount of
ash. If this vein of coal should go down in ash by further
working we have no question, both the phosphorus and sulphur
would diminish. The sulphur in both of the cokes is somewhat
higher than is characteristic of Connellsville coke. With good
blast furnace work, however, we would not expect this sulphur
to cause serious difficulty. The phosphorus in both these cokes
is lower than we would expect for the region, as many of the
mountain coals make a coke from 0.03 per cent. to 0.05 per
cent. phosphorus. You are aware that all the phosphorus in
the fuel as well as in the flux goes into the pig iron, so that
394 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
where the coke is to be used in making pig iron, which is sub-
sequently to be make into steel, it is desirable to have a coke
as free from phosphorus as possible. In ordinary blast furnace
work, where the iron is used for foundry purposes, neither the
phosphorus nor ash in these cokes would prove objectionable
we think. A little objection might be made on the ground of
high sulphur, although as said above, with good furnace prac-
tice we think the sulphur in this coke would be easily man-
aged."
About a mile below Fallen Timber on the C. C. C. & N. Y.
S. R. R. R., in Reade township, coal is being mined from a
drift on the E bed, by H. A. Shoemaker, who mines about 60
tons a day, which is hauled to and shipped at Frugality.
Hastings.
LAUREL HILL COAL AND COKE Co.-Just below (north of)
Hastings, in Elder township, about 300 feet east of the Cam-
bria and Clearfield railroad, say 75 to 100 feet above the rail.
road level, the Laurel Hill Coal and Coke Company are just
starting drifts on the C' and D beds, but they are not in suffi-
ciently far to prove the coals. (January, 1889.)
This rich field in the north of Cambria county, is just now
being opened up at a rapid rate along the head-waters of Bru-
baker creek, by organizations of large capitalists for the work-
ing of the coals, which have been proved of workable thick-
ness and good quality, and it is worthy of note that where the
town of Hastings now stands, one year ago there was but one
habitation.
4
OAK RIDGE COLLIERY.-Half a mile a little west of south of
Hastings, on the line of the Cambria and Clearfield railroad,
west of Brubaker creek, Dunwidie & Campbell have opened
a drift on Bed D, about 700 feet east of the county road.
Mr. P. F. Campbell, the mine superintendent, says the drift
is in about 300 feet, but no rooms have as yet been turned off.
The course of the gangway is S. 14° W.
!
7
CAMBRIA COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
395
H³ 3
(
The bed is 4 feet thick, with a thin slate parting 8 inches from
the bottom. It has a sandstone roof and a hard fire-clay floor.
There is probably 70 or 80 feet of cover to the bed, which
increases to the south, the hill rising in this direction. Coal
was first shipped in December, 1888.
CHEST CREEK COAL AND COKE Co.-At the terminus of the
Cambria and Clearfield railroad, a mile and a-half south of
Hastings, in Elder township, on the headwaters of Brubaker
creek, the Chest Creek Coal and Coke company have opened
drifts on the D and E beds.
Mr. Shiffer, the superintendent, reports a vertical distance of
42 feet between the beds.
Bed E has a sandstone roof and fire-clay floor, and is 3′ 6″
thick, with a mining slate 1" thick, 6 inches from the bottom.
Bed D has a slate roof, cannel coal 0' 34"; coal, 4′ 2″ and
a mining slate " to 1" 8 inches from the floor.
The 31" cannel coal is not a true cannel and makes a good
coke. It is duller in color than the regular coal.
Both coals are used for coking at 152 ovens.
day are taken from Bed E, and 475 from Bed D.
of coke are shipped daily and 2 cars of coal.
The coal from the upper bed is taken to the level of the lower
drift by a self-acting plane, and to the tipple at the coke ovens
and railroad cars by gravity, a distance of 2000 feet, the empty
cars being hauled back by mules.
The gangway in Bed D is in 900 feet, and in Bed E 600 feet.
Shipments were first made from this mine about the 1st of
September, 1888.
Water,
Volatile matter,
Fixed carbon,
Sulphur,
Ash,
The following is a copy of the analysis of these coals, which
has been furnished the Survey by Mr. J. L. Mitchell, the presi-
dent of the company, made by Mr. Andrew S. McCreath of
Harrisburg:
Color of ash,
•
.614
4.385
Fifty tons a
Sixteen cars
Coal "C" Coal." D.” "Coal E."
.824
23.461
70.716
.482
25.218
71.289
1.121
1.800
100.000
.408
27.557
67.016
1.574
3.415
100.000
100.000
Cream. Reddish gray. Reddish gray.
396 H'
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
A
"The samples of coals D and E were taken indiscriminately
from the cars, and that from the C bed about 100 feet in the
mine from the crop."
Ebensburg.
Mr. R. J. Hughes, of Altoona, makes this note of an opening
near Ebensburg:
"One mile north of Ebensburg, on the farm of John Hughes,
near the Carrolltown plank road, I sunk a shaft, two years ago,
to the E or Lemon seam, and at 30 feet found it in good con-
dition."
}
:
NOTES ON THE NEW MINES
OF
SOMERSET COUNTY.
By A. G. PROSSER.
WILLIAMS STATION FIRE-CLAY.-In Allegheny township,
about 1 miles from the Somerset-Bedford county line, on the
Baltimore and Ohio railroad, at Williams Station, J. J. Hob-
litzell has opened the seam of fire-clay just above the Seral
conglomerate, and 400 feet (?) in elevation above Wills run,
on the hillside, north of the railroad. It is known as the Mount
Savage bed. The seam is very irregular, running from 1' 6"
thick to 25 feet, and has a sandstone roof and floor. The sand-
stone frequently comes down and cuts the clay almost out.
The clay is lowered to the railroad by a self-acting plane
about 600 feet long.
The fire-clays in this basin (Wellersburg) will be found de-
scribed by Mr. E. B. Harden, in the annual report for 1885, pp.
239-249.
Salisbury Basin.
CUMBERLAND AND ELK LICK COMPANY'S MINE.-In Summit
township, two miles south-west of Myersdale, up a ravine about
a quarter of a mile west of the Salisbury branch of the B. & 0.
R. R., the Pittsburgh bed is opened by the Cumberland and
Elk Lick Coal Company.
A section of the bed reads:
•
Roof slate.
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
Bony,
COAL,
Limestone floor,
A self-acting plane 200 feet long, with a pitch of 30 degrees,
brings the coal to the tipple.
4 H³
(397)
•
3' 0" to 4' 0''
1"
2' 0"
1/1/"
3' 0"
6"
2' 0'
6' 0'
1' 0"
398 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
There are 80 bee-hive ovens here, but they are not now in
operation on account of an over-stocked coke market (January,
1889).
Average output, 400 tons a day.
THOMAS MINE.-In Summit township, two and a quarter miles
south-west from Myersdale, on the Salisbury branch of the B.
& O. R. R., Benjamin Thomas has opened the Pittsburgh bed,
about 100 feet in elevation above the railroad, on its western
side.
The following is a section of the bed:
Roof slate.
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
Bony,
COAL,
1/1/
3' 0"
6"
2' 0"
Limestone floor,
6' 0"
The coal is carried to the tipple by a self-acting plane 200
feet long.
·
•
•
•
•
•
•
3' 0" to 4' 0:
•
The average output is 40 to 50 tons per day.
The mine is leased from the Cumberland and Elk Lick Coal
Company, and was opened in 1885.
KEYSTONE COAL COMPANY'S MINE.-In Elk Lick township,
two and a half miles south west of Myersdale, on the west side
of the Salisbury Branch railroad, on the hillside, 170 feet in
elevation above the track, the Keystone Coal Company are
working the Pittsburgh bed. Mr. E. J. Welds, the superintend-
ent, gives this section of the bed:
Sandstone roof.
Slate,
COAL,
Slate and bony,
1/
2' 0"
1' 0"
COAL,.
Fire-clay,
COAL,.
Limestone,
A self-acting plane 600 feet long brings the coal to the level
of a narrow guage railroad, on which the coal is taken to Key-
stone Junction, on the B. & O. R. R., a distance of five miles,
where it is loaded for the market.
Fifty to 60 tons per day are mined.
•
•
6" to
•
1' 6'
4"
1' 0"
3' 0"
1' 4"
6' 0"
811
2' 0"
6"
1'2'
5' 0"
༼ལན་
SOMERSET COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H³ 399
MORGAN MINE.-In Elk Lick township, three miles south-
west of Myersdale, on the Salisbury branch railroad, Grassy
run enters Casselman's river, and about half a mile north-west,
on the railroad, up this run, B. D. Morgan has opened the
Pittsburgh bed, but has as yet mined no coal for shipment.
A section of the bed reads thus:
Slate roof.
COAL,.
Slate,
COAL,
Limestone floor.
This opening was made in the latter part of 1888.
•
FLOG HILL MINE.-In Elk Lick township, about one and one-
fourth miles west from the junction of the Grassy Run branch.
with the Salisbury Branch railroad, on the south side of the
ravine, 200 feet on the hillside and 75 feet above the railroad,
the Pittsburgh bed has been opened by the Fairview Coal
Company.
About 250 feet further west of the above opening, the same
company has another opening about 80 feet above and 300 feet
south of the railroad.
Mr. Frank Ehland gives a section of the bed at these open-
ings:
Sandstone roof.
Slate,
Bony,
COAL,
Limestone floor.
A self-acting plane carries the coal to the tipple here.
About 60 to 70 tons per day are mined at each of these open-
ings.
:
•
•
.7'0' to 7' 6"
21
3"
1' 6" 2' 0"
•
Roof, sandstone and slate.
Bony and slaty COAL,
COAL,.
Limestone floor.
•
6" to
6"
8'.
8.1
HOCKING MINE.-In Elk Lick township, balf a mile west of
the Flog Hill mine and on a branch of the Grassy Run railroad,
a drift has been opened on the Pittsburgh bed, with a trestle
200 feet long and 25 feet above the railroad level.
Mr. J. T. Hocking, the superintendent, gives this section of
the bed:
8' 0'
6" to 8!!
7'6" 8' 0"
400 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
This mine was opened by J. T. Hockings in 1882, and is
leased by him from the Keystone Coal Company.
The gangway is about 1800 feet long, and runs very nearly
south. The measures rise very rapidly to the west towards the
Negro Mountain anticlinal.
Present output from 150 to 175 tons a day.
STATLER MINE.-In Elk Lick township, 200 feet west of the
above opening, on the north side of the ravine, about 250 or
300 feet north of the railroad and 25 feet above the creek level,
E. Statler has opened the Pittsburgh bed.
A section of the coal here will read the same as at the Hock-
ing mine.
Coal rises from 4 to 5 feet in 100' west.
Output from 50 to 60 tons a day.
The mine was opened in 1886, and is leased from the Key-
stone Coal Co.
Co-operative COAL Co.-In Elk Lick township, one-quarter
of a mile west of the Statler mine, on the south side of the
creek, the Coöperative Coal Co. has opened and are working
the Pittsburgh bed, by a drift about 20 feet above the railroad
track.
The coal is the same as at the Hocking mine.
Little information was obtainable about this mine, there be-
ing no one about at the time of my visit.
CUMBERLAND AND ELK LICK COAL Co.'s MINE.-In Elk Lick
township, about 600 feet north-west of the Fairview Coal Co.'s
opening, and on the north side of the ravine, 150 feet north of
the railroad and 75 feet above the track, the Cumberland and
Elk Lick Coal Co., is opening the Pittsburgh bed.
A section of the bed will probably read the same as at the
Fairview Coal Co.'s opening, before noted.
Measures rise 2 to 3 feet per 100' west.
MEAGER & THOMAS MINE.-In Elk Lick township, about half
a mile north-westward from the Cumberland and Elk Lick
Coal Co.'s new opening, on the south side of the ravine, 18 feet
above the railroad, Meager & Thomas are working the Pitts-
burgh bed.
?
+
/
SOMERSET COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H³ 401
}
The following is a section of the bed:
Slate roof.
Bony COAL,
COAL, clean,
Slate,
COAL,
Limestone floor.
•
•
61
to
811
7 011 to 7' 6'1
124
to 11"
811 to 1' 0'
Main gangway is 6 to 700 feet in, going south-east.
The measures rise 3' to 4' per hundred west.
The opening was made in 1887, and is leased from the Key-
stone Coal Co. Output of mine at present 100 tons per day.
CUMBERLAND MINING Co.-In Elk Lick township, 800 feet
north-west of the Meager and Thomas mine on the north side
the ravine, 150 feet north of the railroad and 25 feet above it,
the Cumberland Mining Co. is working the Pittsburgh bed.
A section of the bed will read the same as at the preceding
mine.
Roof, sandstone and slate.
Slate and bony COAL,
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
Floor, limestone and fire-clay.
The rise or the coal is N. 65° west.
There is from 500 to 600 yards of main gangway. The mine
was opened in 1886.
From 100 to 150 tons per day are mined.
HAMILTON MINE.-In Elk Lick township, from 300 to 400 feet
north-west of the mine of the Cumberland Mining Co., 100 feet
north of the railroad and 25 feet in elevation above it the Pitts-
burgh bed is worked by James Cochran, at a drift known as the
Hamilton mine, which he leases from John Barkas.
A section of the bed here is as follows:
S' to
10"
6' 0 to 7' 6"
to
11"
. 1' 0' to 1', 3"
יין
The measures rise from 4 to 5 feet per 100 to the west, to-
ward the Negro Mountain anticlinal.
Course of main gangway N. 63° E., and it is in about 900
feet.
The mine was opened in 1887, and they mine from 125 to 150
tons per day.
The Grassy Run Branch of the Salisbury Branch of the Balti-
402 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
more and Ohio railroad which is extended up to the Hamilton
mine has a very steep grade. The rise for the first mile up the
run being from 2 to 24 feet to the hundred, and from thence to
the mine from 2 to 3 feet.
CASSELMAN COAL Co.'s MINE-In Summit township, one-
quarter of a mile east of Garrett station, at the mouth of Buf-
falo creek, on the north side of the Baltimore and Ohio rail-
road, the Casselman Coal Co. has opened a mine on Bed “ C''
by a slope 400 feet long, with a pitch of 27 feet to the hundred
feet. The top of the plane is two feet above the railroad, and
the course of it south-east. The coal dips 7 to 9 feet per hun-
dred south-east.
The following section of the bed is reported by Mr. W. G.
Hocking, general manager:
Roof, slate and sandstone.
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
Bony COAL,
Slate,
Limestone floor.
·
•
•
•
2' 0''
2/
2' 0'
6
to
1' 6''
611 to 1' 0"
1'
-
to
This slope was opened in 1880, and the length of the main
gangway is 3400 feet.
Two hundred tons per day are mined.
The mine is leased from J. C. Walker.
FARMERS LIME Co.'s MINE.-On the west side of the Berlin
branch, 100 yards south of the Buffalo Coal Co.'s shaft, and
from 30 to 40 feet above the railroad, the Farmers Lime Co.
has opened the limestone under Coal bed "C'." The coal is
also mined for the purpose of burning the limestone.
There are two large kilns, and the average yearly product is
2500 tons, which is used principally for fertilizing.
BUFFALO COAL AND COKE Co.'s MINES.-In Brothers Valley
township, on the east side of the Berlin branch of the Balti-
more and Ohio railroad, one and one-eighth miles north of Gar-
rett station, the Buffalo Coal and Coke Co., has opened Bed
"C" by a shaft 18 feet deep, and also by a drift 200 feet.
further south.
i
SOMERSET COUNTY NOTES, 1888.
H³ 403
ļ
•
A section of this bed is as follows:
Sandstone roof,.
Slate,
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,.
Slaty coal,
Limestone, floor, .
Bed "D" has been opened about 50 feet above, showing
thus:
•
•
Slate roof.
COAL,
Slate floor, with sandy fire-clay.
•
2'
Roof, slate and sandstone.
Bony coal,
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
Sandy fire-clay floor.
•
I'
18' 0''
6'' to 1' 0''
2' 6'
1''
9/1 2' 0"
ㅎㅎ ​ㅇ
​1' 6"
8' 0" 10' 0"
It is a good clean coal, and is free from slate partings.
The measures rise N. W. at an angle of 7°.
Twenty-eight bee-hive ovens coke the coal, of which there
is shipped 200 tons per day.
.. 2'6'' to 3' 2''
CONNELLSVILLE AND URSINA COAL AND COKE Co.'s MINE.—In
Upper Turkey Foot township, three and one-fourth miles up
Laurel Hill run, northward from Ursina station, on the Pitts-
burgh Division of the B. & O. R. R., a branch railroad runs to
a drift of the Connellsville and Ursina Coal and Coke Com-
pany, opened on Bed E, about 150 feet above the creek, on the
north-east side.
A section of the bed reads:
3" to 4"
4' 0" 4' 6"
1"
1 1/2
1' 0"
The coal is used chiefly for coking and runs down to bins in
a chute about 100 feet long.
There are 30 bee-hive ovens in operation and 100 more are
to be built in the spring.
One hundred tons per day are shipped from this mine.
This drift was opened in the spring of 1888.
J. J. MILLER'S COUNTRY BANK.-In Somerset township, about
two miles south-west of Somerset, John J. Miller is working
a drift on Coal bed "E".
404 H³
APPENDIX TO REPORT OF 1877.
He gives this section of the bed :
Sandstone and slate,
Bony coal,
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
•
·
•
4' 0" to 6 0"
6/1
Fire-clay floor.
The drift was opened in 1882, and the main gangway is driven
in about 500 feet northward, slightly to the dip. The coal is
used for domestic purposes only.
Output 5 to 6 tons a day.
•
2' 6"
1"
4"
1"
511
KEISNER'S FIRE-CLAY MINE.-In Somerset township, one
mile north of Somerset station, on the Somerset and Cambria
railroad, on the east side, and on a level with the track, Henry
Keisner has opened a seam of soft fire-clay, supposed to be the
second bed above the Seral conglomerate.
•
Above the bed is a hard sandstone; the fire-clay runs from 5
to 16 feet thick, and there is a sandstone floor.
The gangway is in about 150 yards, and the course south-
east. From two to four cars are shipped weekly, and the clay
is used mostly for lining converters in making steel.
BETHEL COAL AND COKE Co.--In Conemaugh township, on
the west side of the Somerset and Cambria railroad, 150 feet
west of, and 18 feet above the level of the track, the Bethel
Coal and Coke Co., has opened Bed C' by a drift.
Mr. Matthew Morris gives this section of the bed:
Slate roof.
COAL,
Slate,
COAL,
Fire-clay floor.
2' 0" to 3' 0''
1"
4"
2' 0/
3' 0"
The coal dips about 1 foot to the 100 feet south-east.
The main gangway is driven about 330 feet. The coal is
sometimes found faulty, clay veins partly cutting out the bed
for 275 to 300 feet, good coal however, is now gotten at the face.
The mine was opened in April, 1888.
The output, at present 40 to 50 tons per day, is used for coal-
ing the locomotives and for domestic purposes.
They expect to open Bed "E" this year (1889).
¿

XIV
XIII
XII
XI
X
IX
EXPLANATION OF COLORS.
443.
f
e
d
C
h
a
WESTMORELAND
S
d
Barren Measures or
Pittsburgh Series
Lower Productive Coal Measures or
Allegheny Series.
f
Pottsville Conglomerate.
NOTE:
The letters a,b,c,d, &c. are not
intended to indicate the formations.
but merely to assist the reader
to recognize the respective colors.
Mauch Chunk Red Shale.
Pocono Sandstone.
Catskill Sandstones and Shales.
CO..
O
UPPER
Conemaugh
T
e
b
Mill Ran
d
LOWER
e
f
River
MORRELLVILLE
OBER
N
Σ
D
Mill
e
CAMBRIA CITY
Cambria Iron and Steel Works
Creek
e
A
South
f
Breuker & Kossler, Lith.Phil
N
WEST TAYLOR
DER
1000
9000
000
A
100
GRUBTOWN
E R
North Branch
Branch
COOPERSDALE
EAST CONEMAUGH PO
MILLVILLE
e
PROSPECT
Laurel
Creek
Bla
f
C
ME
S
0
f
Hinston's
Moxhom
JS Rail Co
CAMBRIA
125.1.
CONE MAUGH
EAST
U
my
E
لیا
WOOD VALE
N
Blacklick
JOHNSTOWN
WALNUT GROVE
STONY
CREEK
Dutch
Little
FRANKLIN
BELSANO P.0.
TA
Blacklick
Ι
Conemau
Run
f
Y
VINCO P Q
B
LACKLICK
Solomons
T
Creek
River
Paint Creek
SU
O
GEISTOWN
ON
North
Lick R
OR
f
PENNSYLVANIA
Creek
A
e
7 9½
CONE MAUGH
ST MICHOLAS
R
J
Branch
AURE
Little
RICHLAND
N
Creck
Little Paint
SCALP LEVEL
CHERRY TREE
Susquehanna
ட
MINERAY POINT
arman Mills
Tv
f
Sandy
Run
WESTOVER
JOH
Salt Lick Ru
R
C
f
Walnut
Backli
HILL
f
4
3
ANTI CLINAL
Ef
E HANNA
Susquehanna
CROYL
Run
Creek
e
ELTON P.0.
STOWN
SUMMERHILL
RAILROAD
SQUTH FORK
CAM BRI
L E A R
BASIN
ZAPLATTVILLE
A
River
ANTICETNA
Conemaugh Lake
BAS
South
1/2 0
27178
0
f
EBENSBURG
D
te Bi
VIADUCT
SUMMER
Paint
Fork
ELLE
POCE
ker Creek
HASTINGS
из
ELDER
RYC
RO
CARROLLTOWN
BENSBURG
f
WILMORE
مال
R H
f
of
f
Creek
COUNT
TIH
SBONIFACE
WILMOR
Little
Chest
e
M
BRANCH
f
BASIN
Conemaugh
L
Y
Little
Trout
LL
River
Creek
S
126.720 of Nature.
MUNSTER
Scale 2 miles to 1 inch.
2
4
Chest
Creek
KAYLORS
NOEL
ALLEGHANY
Marks Min
MUNSTERCRESSON
Conemaugh
Run
f
A S
PORTAGE
Cch
d
Chest
f
Spring
Run
LILY STA
SONMAN
f
ST LAWRENCE
6
ANTICLINAL
LEAREFEED
Beaver Dam Ruh
f
LORETTO P.O
10
لنا
ORTA
Ꭲ
Bens Creek
e
BED F
T
CHEST SPRINGS
e
d
L D
f
Mud
ORD
EST AUGUSTINE
GT-O
Lick
DAWSON STA,
DYSERTOWN
H
GALLITZIN
SUMMIT
E
GE
Bearrock Run
CO
8 Miles.
13 Kilometers.
f
GALLITZIN
f
***
MOUNTA
Beaver
ASHVILLE P.0.
B
S931
Dam
Run
COU
FLYNN CITY
e
E
tearfie
D
f
DYSARE STA.
d
NEWTOWN
AP
7
CONDRON STA
C
FALLEN TIMBER
Sandy Run
f
DEAN STA.
Fallen
R
FRUGALITY
f
EA
A
GLASGOW
Timber Run
Figart
A
KITTANNING POINT
R
NT
Run
f
Muddy
D
BEAR LOOP
OF
e d
Run
E
RAILRO
Atlas to Reports H? and H3
e
MOUNTAINDALE
Y
ALTOONA
GEOLOGICAL MAP
Scale 2 miles to 1 Inch.
e
LLOYDSVILLE
00000
00000
00000
C
30000
00000
00000
0000
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
J. P. LESLEY, State Geologist.
E.K.Meyers, State Printer.
d
SHAW'S RUN
COLLIER
PENNS
O U
SYLVAN
N
ROOTS
CAMBRIA COUNTY,
BY JOHN FULTON, ASSIST. GEOLOGIST,
ASSISTED BY ISAAC A. HARVEY, GEOLOGIST,
AND ALFRED G. PROSSER, M.E.
BELLWOOD
AILROAD
WITH ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS FROM MS. MAPS
OF VARIOUS DATES IN THE OFFICES OF THE
PENNSYLVANIA, AND BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROADS.
BY EDWARD B. HARDEN, TOP. & ASSIST. GEOLOGIST.
Printed Dec. 1888, to be inserted in Report HH, 1877.
T
イ
​8H 3 SH 2180
OT 2AJTA
CYMBBIY CONMLA
SAM JA
1030

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PENNSYLVANIA. J. P. LESLEY, State Geologist.
GEOLOGICAL MAP
XV
WITH ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS FROM MS. MAPS OF VARIOUS DATES IN THE
OFFICES OF THE SOUTH PENNSYLVANIA, AND BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD.
BY EDWARD B. HARDEN, TOP. & ASSIST. GEOLOGIST.
Printed Dec. 1888, to be inserted in Report H H H, 1877.
XIV
XIII
XII
XI
X
IX
VIII g.
L
465.
River
EXPLANATION OF COLORS.
h
e
g
f
است
A
e
CD
C
b
a
d Mauch Chunk Red Shale.
Y
NOTE:
The letters a,b,c.d &c. are not
intended to indicate the formations.
but merely to assist the reader
to recognize the respective colors.
Cranberr
Youghtogheny
Kes
Upper Productive Coal Measures or
Monongahela Series.
Barren Measures or
Pittsburgh Series.
f
Lower Productive Coal Measures or
Allegheny Series.
Pottsville Conglomerate.
SOMERSET COUNTY,
BY JOHN FULTON, ASSIST. GEOLOGIST,
ASSISTED BY ISAAC A. HARVEY, GEOLOGIST,
AND ALFRED G. PROSSER, M.E.
Pocono Sandstone.
Catskill Sandstones and Shales.
Chemung Shales.
لنا
E
WE
Run
T
Glade
TURKEY FO
SOMERFIED
g
Braddocks
T
Run
E
DRAKETOWN
g
LL
R
O
20
MIDDLE
CONFLUENCE
Grays
Run
CONFLUENCE
со
ADDISON PO
e
Run
g
Hill
Blue
URSINA
HARNEDSWILLE
Breuker & Kessler. Lith. Phil
Hole
f
(U
HN
g
WE
Ra
Si
The
Fishing Ru
LISTONVILLE
OF
S
River
d
LAURE
AD D
Jones
g
JE F
T
Run
Scale 2 miles to 1 Inch.
IADUCT
P PER
RKEY F 00
BA
Glade
ANTICLINAL
REEK
g
Run
NEW LEXINGTON
xpan
www
PINKERTON
Whites Creek
Hoozer Run
C
Lohrs
d
BAKERVILLE
Run
RET
C
CASSELMAN
S O N
HILL
g
INDIANTOWN
TOM
C
Clear
RS O
g
Line
d
LE
WEIMERSGROVE
Ain
e
NEW CENTREVILLE
L
Run
BLACK
MOUNT
e
MORELAN
N
f
f
Run
ALAVANSVILLE
ANTICLINA L
e
Cassman
d
STATE
ELK
со
9
0
0 Rr
AXIS
3
AT
****) *****
ROCKWOOD
EL K
f
ANTICLINA
West
J
-2
Mill
2 1/2 1
g
Coxes
Lick
h
Branch
TSBURGH
7-
Run
g
D
M/DE
g
1
1/2
JENNERSTOWN
North
E
Beaver Dam un
River
LI
Pighings
0
SIPESVILLE PO
SE
0
F
OF
ER S F
DIVISION
e
N
Run
Creek
Fork
h
1355
1005
BE MILFORD STA.
lcd e
Meadow Run
JENNERSX
S
Tof
L
GEIGER STA
e
CARRETT
SOMERSET
SUMMIT PO. A
K 9
520
REG
SALISBURY
CAMBRIA
CONNER P.0.
f
LISBUR
Roaring
Kimberles
f
FORWARDTOW
g
h
honing
ROADS
TH
Run
SNYDERSVILLE
W
ic NE MAU
SOUTH
LMQRE
OR
e
g
SU UM
RANCH
R
FAIRVIEW
Run
Little
0
Laurel
FRIEDENS
E&
BROTHERS
3
126,720 of Nature.
Pin
QUEMAHONING
MEYERSDALE
Scale 2 miles to 1 inch.
2
4
Beaver
g
S
BERLIN
M
f
Creek
Run
R.R.
BASIN
PINE HILERO.
g
If
PENNSYLVANIA
g
BENSCREEK
q
STOYESTOWN PO
BASIN
f
Hays Mills
6
KEYSTONE
JUNC
10
RSET
DAVIDSVILLE
SAND PATCH
laugh
BERLIN
Stony
g
e
a
b
GREENVILLE
RAILROAD
BETHEL
TON
g
O
POCAHONTAS
Fertil
Creek
ARIMER
MARYLAND
HOOVERSVILLE PO
0
f
VALLEY
WITTENBERG P. 0.
8 Miles.
13 Kilometers.
g
SHANKSVILLE P.0.
STONY CREEK PO.
b
SCALPLEVEL
Shade
Timber
Fa
Run
b
a
g
YCREEK
Wills
d
COUNTY
Rhodes
Laurel
BUCKSTOWN
YAY
ender
e
f
SAVAGE
g
Run
g
Run
f
Break
GLENCOE
H
Creek
7 MOUNTA
S
f
Paint
f
ALLEGH.
h
RTHA/M
MPTON
Kennell's
Dark Shade
Roaring
A I
SHADE FURNACE P.0.
e
Deeters
a
Creek
6
Creek
WELLE
WELLERSBURG
D E
-0
C
ANTICL
Fork
Beaver
b
ERS BU
Run
Lick
SOUTHAMPTON
MILLS P.0.
Clear
NEW BALTIMORE PO
SOUTHAMPTON
BURG
Dam
a
MOUNT HEALTHY PO
T
Shaffers Run
WILLIAMS
f
Run
Breast Work Run
NY
Kennells Mills
Shade
BASIN
ASHTOLA
Run
Atlas to Reports H? and H3
STA..
e
Creek
EK.Meyers, State Printer.
Y
COUNT
BEDFORD
9
d
C
is
CEOFOGICVE WYL OF 20WEH2E1 COOMLA VITV2 10 BELOBIC HSH3
"
·
CAS
27.
AMESE
*....
Papa..
1.
CAMBRIA COUNTY.
457
JOHNSTOWN SECTION
20'
17'
18'
10'
8.
3'
68'
10'
12'
10'
26'
13'
20'
0'3"
4.
7'
ÑÑ
13'
Q'
0'10
2'
8'
t
15'
3'
I'
5'
10'
5'
15'
15'
3'
2'6"
0'6"
3'
17'
4*
3' 6'
0'9"
5'0"
7'0"
8'
8'
Li'
0'3"
1' 0"
0'3"
13'
0.9"
4
13'
4'
6'
3'6
3'
21'
15'
in in it ∞ co is
5'
I'
6'
3'
28'
No.l.
15'
10'
SS
Damägivin
Shates
Shates
Red Shales
21′ Micaceous SS.
Shates
State &SS
White S.S.
Shules
SS
nates
Drabss
Shates
Shates
Shutes
Shates
Shates
SS
Slates
MikStates
5' BitStates
W
States
S.S
MIHLOH7ZIAS(070)
Shates
States
But States
EQUI
GAY+$
Prosers' Knob
SILICIOUS IRON ORE
COAL
JOHNSTOWN IRON ORE
CALC. IRON ORE
Fireclay & Shales
COKE YARD SEAM (LEMON)
Fireclay
KIDNEY IRON ORE
LIMESTONE SEAM
Fireclay
CEMENT SEAM
Fireclay
Ferriferous Limestone
Black Slates
COAL
COAL
PEACOCK SEAM (MILLER)
White Mass.S.S.
Drab & Black Slate
COAL
Black Slate
Bluish drab Fireclay
Olive colored States
CARB.IRON ORE
Gray S.S.& Shales
Seral Conglomerate,XII
Brouker & Kessler, Lith. Phila
No.2.
BORE HOLE SECTION
NEAR VINCO P.O.
Jackson Township.
16'
35'
40'
30'
16'
12'
18'
52'
5'
143'
in i is
39'
7'
7'
5'
10'
3'
2'
7!
18'
30'
10'
3'
NO DOAWNAW
6'
0'2"
34
15'
15'
8'
7'
4
24'
8'
3'
7'
0'2"
20'
31'
24′
37
T* ***
S.S.
Slate
S.S.
Slate
Black Slate
S.S.
Black Slate
White S.S.
Slate
White S.S.
Slate
Slate & S.S.
Slate
S.S.
Slate
State
Black Slate
Red Slate
Black Slate
COAL
Black Slate
White Slate
S.S.
Black Slate
Fireclay
Slates
Black Slate
S.S.
S.S.
Black Slate
Blue S.S.
Black Slate
Slate
Gray S.S.
White S.S.
Black S.S.
Shale red rock
S.S.
MEASURES, OR PITTSBURGH SERIES.
LOWER BARREN
LOWER PRODUCTIVE COAL MEASURES, OR ALLEGHENY SERIES.
!
Mahoning S.S.
COAL BED
K p
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PENNSYLVANIA. J.PLESLEY, STATE GEOLOGIST.
CARROLLTOWN SECTION
LEE LUTHER FARM
1½ Miles S.W.of Carrolltown
on Susquehanna River
FREEPORT U. C. E
A za KUI KA
OF THE
LOWER PRODUCTIVE BITUMINOUS COAL MEASURES.
ALLEGHENY RIVER SERIES,)
CAMBRIA COUNTY,
CLARION
FREEPORT L.C. D
KITTANNING U. C. C
KITTANNING M.C.
KITTANNING L.C.C
BROOKVILLE
B
10
A
No.3.
***
States 45'0"
ARE
NOW
*
Sands
and
Shates
Shtes
Shates
Sands
and
Shales
States
and
Shawls
Shutes
1' 6"
137'6"
4'0"
37'6"
3'0"
CARROLLTOWN SECTION
R.MC COMBRIE'S FARM
1 Mile Wof Carrolltown
35'0"
3'0"
II' 0"
5"
22'6"
2'0"
Susquehanna River
45'0"
7'5"
15'0"
1'10"
20'0"
D
с
B
Mahoning S.S.
No.4.
Sams
Shales
Lunestone
Shates
and
Suns
States
Sunds
CHA
Shates
Concealed 40'0"
ale
CARROLLTOWN SECTION
ANNA POWELL
22 Miles W. of Carrolltown
States
20′0″
30'0"
4' 6"
Susquehanna River.
25'0"
25' 0"
1′8″
28'0"
5'
5'0"
20'0"
D
C'
C
B
No.5.
A
A van a
Sanas
ana
Sands
utd
Slates
Shales
Sunts
Shates
Sands
and
Shutes
FEET 40
200' 0"
3'6"
40'
4′′6″
46'
3' 0"
37'
2'0"
36'
£0"
50′ 0″
3"
30
10
20
5
COLUMNAR SECTIONS
PENNSYLVANIA.
By JOHN FULTON,
On a Scale of 40 feet to the inch.
Mahoning S.S.
10
No.6.
WALNUT RUN SECTION
CHAS. MILLER FARM
5 Miles N.W. of Carrolltown
Mahoning S.S.
FREEPORT U. C. E
FREEPORT L.C. D
KITTANNING U. C. C'
N
a ka që mendoza
169 — M
1888.
A "
States
and
Shates
Shales
HEC
10
ante
Shutes
Walnut Run
40
200'0"
3'10"
40'0"
I'′ 5″
10' 0"
5'0"
15'0"
FREEPORT U. C. E
FREE PORT L.C. D
KITTANNING L.C.C
G
JOHNSTOWN L.S.
GORMAN COAL
CLARION
No.7.
ST. BONIFACE
SECTION No.3.
HELFRICH FARM
1 Mile S. of St Boniface
NearBrubaker Creek.
!
30
20
480 of Nature.
Scale of Sections,40 Feet to I Inch.
80
B
ན
Sands
and
States
120
S.S.
Shates
Shates
Sintes
and
Lat
40'
T
40
3 S
C
45'
4'0"
35'
I'4"
4' 0"
Concealed 50'
"
5'0°
3' 0"
2' 0"
25'
0'8"
2' 0"
25'
No.8.
ST.BONIFACE
SECTION No.2.
1½ Miles S.Wof St Boniface
12 Miles West of
Laurel Hill Axis.
E
160
D
C'
50
Sands
and
Slates
Shates
Sands
and
Shales
Concealed
Brubaker Creek
30'
4'0"
2′0″
£2'
4′6″
3' 0"
40'
5'6"
13'0"
90'
200
No.9.
ST. BONIFACE
SECTION No.I.
½ MileWof St Boniface
1 Mile West of
Laurel Hill Axis
E
דן
D
C'
B
A
60 METERS.
Mahoning S.S.
Sands
and
States
Sands
Shates
Shates.
and
Sands
ana
Shales
Sands
and
Shates
75!
Shales
and
States
40'
£0"
30*
35'
4'2"
4.
45'
Concealed 55'
5'6"
25'
2'6"
3'
20'
No.10.
ST. BONIFACE
SECTION No.5.
THEO.BAKER FARM
Head of
Brubaker Creek.
I' 0"
COAL
COAL
COAL
E
لیا
SS
Slates
Shales
Sands
Shates £0'0'
States
Shates
Stutes
and
75'0"
Brubaker Creek
0'6"
0'6"
Shates 25'0"
CLARION
75'0"
0'4"
3'10"
F3″ OF
COAL
30'0"
4' 1"
22'6"
GORMAN COAL
Noll.
ST. BONIFACE
SECTION No.7.
CALEB GRAY FARM
NearBrubaker Cr.
½ Mile SW.of Sect.7.
LU
E
D
C'
KITTANNING U. C. C'
B
Shates
Shates
and
States
sands
and
Shales
and
States
Shales
and
sands
SS
9.5
Sands
Shales
and
Sunds
HRERENT FETCH
S
܀܀܀܀
125
2′0″
60'
35'
4'0"
25'
3′0″
35'
4'10"
20'
10"
20'
0'6"
10'
10"
20'
COAL
FREEPORT U. C. E
FREEPORT L.C. D
KITTANNING U. C. C
COAL
KITTANNING L.C.C
WESTMORELAND
S
X
O
No.12.
LOWER
Y ODER
SS
co.
UPPER YODER)
J. LANTZY SECTION
½ Mile from forks of
Brubaker Creek.
Shales
and
States
Slates
S.S
$3
SS
Com'èmi
States
M
NI
6
D
Brubaker Greek
95'0"
25'0'
8
TENDED
35'0"
10'0"
3′4″
3
WEST TAYLOR
35'0"
"
30'0"
3'8"
2'
18′0″
Y
ER S
4"
States 22'0"
2'2"
N
A
CAMBRIA COUNTY,
SHOWING THE POSITION OF THE COLUMNAR SECTIONS.
North
South
A
Branch
4.
Young
Creek
no o
EAST
"CONEMAUGH
JOHNSTUWY.
STONY
AVINCO 2.0
E
N
Black
K
T
BELSANO P.
J
2
Creek
T
CKNICK
TAYLOR
S
Blacklick
CREEK RICHLAND
Stony
ST NICHOLAS
CLARION
NEMAUGH.
Susquehanna
A R R
Creek
{{{CHERRY TREE)
River
Conemaugh
SQUEHANNA ELDER C
SCALP LEVEL
FREEPORT U.C. E
SKELETON MAP
FREEPORT L.C. D
PLATTVIKLE)
CRAOK
с
KITTANNING U. C. C'
.C с L E AR F 1
KITTANNING U. C. C'
6
B
15
KC
LE
River
COU
AMBRIA
ÉBENSBURG,
RAILROAD
Conemaugh Lake
South Fork
Paint
SUM
No.13.
Sands
HE
States
Sh
OF
Shutes
N T
Sands
and
ERH
A
Shitt
Slates
WILMPRE
ROLL
97
11
CARROLLTOWN
Branch
FRUGALITY SECTION
CLEARFIELD CREEK.
M
J
Branch or Little Conemaugh
Y
BONIFACE
MUNSTER
13' 0"
Concealed 50
Creek
S
3′0″
40'0"
CHE
55'0"
1'4"
Concealed 37'6"
سار
3' 1" COAL
10' 0"
ALLE G HANY
LORRETTO P0.
STLAWRENCE
SONMAN
EL D
S T
ASHIN GT 0 N
A-K FIELD
CHEST SPRINÚS P.0.
RTAGE
———————— —
BED FOR D
P M
Stre
H
GALLITZIN
Со
No.14.
FALLEN TIMBERS SECTION
D.E.NOTLEY'S
Clearfield Creek
Shates
States
INY
Seral Conglomerate,XII
90'
Atlas to Reports H? and H3
0
60'
LASHVILLE RO,
6"
1'02
n
30'0"
2'6"
N
B
55'0"
TE
NI
EK.Meyers. State Printer.
C OUNTY
Clearfield
V.
I
K
DE AN
14
FALJENIMI
BE A
E A DE
13
R
BELLS
FRU GAŁĘTY
Scale 6 miles to one inch .
TOAD
n
N
人
​2
|
Y
1
}
PAGE 1. *.






CAMBRIA COUNTY,
511
1
SANG HOLLOW BORE-HOLE
4 MILES N.W. OF JOHNSTOWN
ON THE NORTH SHORE OF THE
CONEMAUGH RIVER.
CATSKILL SANDSTONES & SLATES No.IX.
SHALES No.VIII.
CHEMUNG
FEET 100
L
A.J.Haws.
Scale linch=100 feet.
100
200'
300'-
366'
400'-
500
600'
700'
800-
900'
1000'-
1100-
12004
1300-
1400-
1500-
1600'
1700'
1800'-
1900
2000
2100
2200'-
2300
2400
50
JL.
DX00
No.1.
HEADI
Y
THO
TIX
MODU
AMBALVEARTIK
UANDO
MANYAGYT
JA.
Studio
10
UZU
JING
0
1147A.T
18' 0" Yellow Loam
4' 0"Boulders
10′ 0″ Quicksand
19′ 0″White Sandstone
20' 0"Red rock
€0' 0"Gray Sandstone
20′0″ SlatedShales
70' 0" Gray Sandstone
10' 0"Slate & Shales
30 0'Dark Sandstone
15' 0 Black Slate & Shales
55' 0"Dark fine Sandstone
30′ ("WhiteSlate
5' 0"Shales
SALT WATER
65' 0" Slate & Shales
30' 0"Slate
20' 0"Hard Sandstone
20' 0"Redrock
18′ 0″Slate
22' 0"Hard white Sarulstone
40′0'Slate & Shales
15' 0"Hard Sandstone
105′ 0″Slate
60' 0"Hard fine Sandstone
30° 0'Slate & Shales
20' 0"Hard fine Sandstone
25' 0"Redrock
10′0″Slate
45′0'Red rock with GAS
15' 0"Slate
30′0'Hard gray Sandstone
70'0"Hardred Sandstone
25′ O'Hard white Sandstone
30' 0"Red rock
30′ 0″Hard white Sandstone
10' 0"Slate
OCEAN LEVEL
160′0″Hard gray Sandstone
85′0″Slate & Shales
60′0″Dark gray Sandstone
25' 0"Slate
10' 0"Hard Sandstone
5'0) Red Shale
40′0″Hardwhite Sandstone
20′0″ Slate
25′0″Gray Sandstone
150′0″Slate & Shales
25'0'Gray Sandstone
40'0"Slate
35′ 0″Gray Sandstone
55′0″Slate
50'0"Hard Sandstone
40′0'Slate
60′0″Hard Sandstone
25′0″Slate &Shales
30'0' Hard Sandstone
15′ 0″White Slate
50'0"Hard dark Sandstone
10
30'0"Slate & hardShales
220'0"Hard Sandstone
6.5' 0"Slate & Shales
Depth of hole 2421 feet.
10
1274 below Tide
20
100
30
40
Scale 1 Inch
50
200
100 Feet.
.
60
Ton of Nature.
70
80
COAL MEASURES
No. XIII.
No.XII.
MAUCH CHUNK POTTSVILLE CONGL.
POCONO SANDSTONE No.X.
CATSKILL SANDSTONES & SLATES No.IX.
300
No.XI.
90
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PENNSYLVANIA. J.PLESLEY, STATE GEOLOGIST.
100'
200
300'-
400'
500-
600'
700'
8004
900'-
1000'
1100
1200'-
1300'-
1400
S 7600
1500'-
1700'-
1800-
1900'-
2000
2100
21304
2200
2300
2400
2500-
2600
2700
2800
100
110
400
120
1189'A.T
48′0″Wash
30'0"Slate
12'0"Hard Sandstone
19'0"Slate & Sandstone
1' 0" COAL
30'0"State
50'0'Hard fine Sandstone
15' 0"Sandstone
5′0″Slate & Sandstone
3'0' COAL
15'0' Hard Sandstone
5′0'Slate & Sandstone
2'0"COAL
15'0'Hard Sundstone
7'0"Slate
46'0"Hard blue Sandstone
20′0″Gray Sundstone
20′0'Red Slate
27'0"Slate
15'0'Red Sandstone
12'0'Slate
10'0"Hard Sandstone
25′0″Red rock
15' 0"Slate
18'0'Red Sandstone
35'0'White Sandstone
(50') The place for Stevenson's
SiliciousLimestone. See Rt.KKKp.172.
15'0"White Slate
25'0'Hard blue Sandstone
75'0'White Sandstone
TEST BORE-HOLE
NEAR PASSENGER STATION
JOHNSTOWN
+549 GAS
100'0"Sand rock
3' 0"Red rock
+509 SALT WATER
65' 0"Hard Sandstone
2'0"White pebbly Clay
+389 GAS
40′0″Shaly Sandstone
85' 0"Hard Sandstone
60′0'Slate & Shales
15'0"Black Sandstone
30′0'Black Slate
75'0"Sandstone
90'0"Slate
OCEAN LEVEL
60'0"Shales & Sandstone
45'0"Black Slate
15'0″White Sandstone
18'0"Slate
20'0' Gray Sandstone
50'0"Shaly Slate
Cambria Iron Co.
Scale linch = 100 feet.
20′0″Sandstone
30'0"Slate
15'0"Red Shale
20'0'White Sandstone
60'0'Slate & Shale
30'0'Red Shale
75'0"Gray Sandstone
340′0″Red rock & Shales
200′0″Slate & Shales
25'0'Red Slate
SALT WATER
80′0″Slate & Shales
200′0″$locte & Shales
35'0"Red rock
15'0"Sandrock
55'0"Slate
130
30'0"Red rock
Depth of hole 2824 fect
125′0'Slate & Shales
81′0″Red Rock
SALT WATER
1635 feet below Tide
140
No.2.
500
150 METERS.
PRATAU BELLA
EK.Moyers. State Printer.
SERIES.
LOWER BARREN MEASURES OR PITTSBURGH
1
LOWER PRODUCTIVE COAL MEASURES OR ALLEGHENY RIVER SERIES.
I
I
JOHNSTOWN SECTION
John Fulton.
E
D
C
C
B
A
Camp
GEOLOGICAL COLUMNAR SECTIONS IN CAMBRIA COUNTY.
FULTON'S REPORT OF
OF 1888-9.
dog,
{
No.3.
TAKUTIMI MET
DD PAPEL D
S
– Ma
MA
JHQ
C
Pe
MY S
2. Market b
K
The bar ta
Prosser's Knob
20' 0"Sandstone
17' O'Shales
18′0'Shales
10' 0"Sandstone
8′0″Shales
3'0" SILICIOUS IRON ORE
68'0'Shales
10'0"Red Shales
12′0″Shales
10′("Slate & Sandstone
26'0"White Sandstone
13′ O'Shales
20'0 Sandstone
3" COAL
4′0'Shales
7'0'Drab Sandstone
2′0″Shales
2''JOHNSTOWN IRON ORE
13′0″Shales
9′0″Shales
10" CALC. IRON ORE
2′()'Fire Clay
8' 0"Shales
4'0Fire Clay & Shales
15′0'Shales
3' ('COKE YARD SEAM (LEMON) E
A kdy
my m
10 Fire Clay
5′0″Shales
10'0'Sandstone
5'0"Shales
KIDNEY IRON ORE
15'0'Shales
15′0'Sandstone
SONMAN BORE-HOLE
1500 FEET WEST OF SONMAN STATION ON
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD
Cambria Mining & Manufacturing Co.
2′0″Looserock
80°Clay
3′ 0″Shales
2′ 6 LIMESTONE SEAM
6 Fire Clay
3'0'Limestone
17'0'Shales
21′0″Micaceous Sandstone
4′0″Slates
3'6" CEMENT SEAM
9"Fire Clay
5'0 Fermiferous Limestone
7° 0° Fire Clay
8' 0"Slates
3′0″Slates
11′0″Black Slates
3" COAL
19 Black Slates
3 COAL
13′ O'Black Slates
"COAL
40"Fire Clay
13'0'Sandstone
4′0″Sandstone
6'0'States
3′6″ PEACOCK SEAM (MILLER)
3'0'Fire Clay
21′0″Slates & Shales
15'0"Slates
5'0'Black Slates
5'0"Black Slates
7.0"COAL
4'D'Sandstone
6'0"Slates
6'0" COAL
3'0'Fire Clay
28' 0"Gray Sandstone
15'0'White mass.Sandstone
10'0Drab & black Slate
2" COAL
1'2"Black State
40'Blush drabFire Clay
3'0"Olive colored States
1'0"CARB.IRON ORE
50'Gray Sandstone & Shales
Seral ConglomerateXII
D
D
B
"
TO ILLUSTRATE MR. FULTON'S
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ —
S
No.4.
, m
Add a
__
Scale 1inch-40 Feet.
24'6 Sand & Gravel
22'6"Sandstone
65′ 6"Slates of different
colors & hardness
p
4'2½" LEMON SEAM
manda dapa
36'6"Slates of different kinds
B'10'Sandstone
A
3'2' LIMESTONE SEAM
26' 9'Slate
Big flow of Water
7'6"Gray Sandstone
5'9"Black Slate
5'4" CEMENT SEAM
3′10″Black Slate
10'11"Fire Clay
11′0″Limestone
4'11"Sandstone
2" COAL
6'3½"Black Slate
11' 5½"Gray Slate
8′2″ Gray Sandstone
6′ 6″White Sandstone
11' 6"Gray Sandstone
1½"COAL
12'3½"Black Slate
1'6" Gray Sandstone
2'6"Black Slate
3'3% MILLER SEAM
64" Slate
9'5"Sandstone
3* Slate
6'0"White Sandstone
3'3" Sandstone
10'3" Sandstone
4′0″Black Slate
2" COAL
1′ 6″Black Slate
10′10″ Gray Slate
6'0'Gray Sandstone
18′0″White Sandst me
12'0"White Sandstone
2'2"White Sandstone
6' 3"Gray Slate
6'3″Black Slate
8'1"Black Slate
2"Fire Clay
NOTE'S.
SECTION No.1. The Sang Hollow Bore-hole was put down for natural gas by Mr.AIHears, the
record being fumished by Mr.Feelor of Joinstoun.
SECTION No.2. The Test Bore-hole at Johnstown was also drilled for natural gas by the Cambria
Iron Co., the record being finished by Mr. John Fulton, General Manager:
SECTION No.3 at Johnstoun and Section No.8 at Bennington, Blair l'o., are also by Mr.
Fulton and are printed here for comparison.
SECTION No.4.The Sonman Bore-hole was put down by the Cambria Mining & Manufacturing
Co, to test the conls, Mr. John Baird and Mr. L.MacDonald Mining Engineer, furnishing the
record.
SECTIONS Nos. 5&6 on North and South Bens Creek were taken by Mi: L. Mac Donald,
Mining Engineer:
SECTION No.7 of Cresson Shaft is finished by Mr.JKPowell.
SECTIONS 1 & 2 can be adjusted to each other with a considerable approximation to the truth by
means of the Salt Water flow at 366 in Well No.1, and at 2130 'in Well No. 2.
The interval between coal beds D&E is reported 65 by Mr.Platt in Report HHp.3 Mr. Fulton
corrects this interval to 41′ 6″ in Section 8.
Bed E is considered to be the Freeport Upper coal bed of the Allegheny River region.
Oliver B.Harden,
„Assistent tirologist.
BENS CREEK
AT SONMAN MINE
L.Mac Donald.
-0
D
C
B
A
No.5.
SOUTH
— — —
--
GP
→ a depan de p
A man g
K DAN SER-BA-
SMA N
B — — — —
——— J
Vagy v
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D G
prada de momentele d
LA JA, A P
A de M M M A M my bedden age
A gjate van
TO ME D D D D
A A
Ma ma ma pa v mr me made me mo
Z za dodat de
K A
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I made me m
a s
mga magam —
LAN AND
Parade
—
a
Mega, an a
Met de M
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Appl
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——
---TTg sa am — —
S
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬prej sa a
— — — —
T
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
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A g
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DANA NA — —
————
K
A B C
a da
J
- gedir ve ——
Du ka
- — — —
— de
S play
S na po
da a spa, a m
1' 0"COAL,RIDER SEAM
73′ 0″Interval, unexplored
40 Black Slate
4'7" COAL,LEMON SEAM
40"Fire Clay
6'0"Limestone
19′ 0″Dark Slates &Shales
16′0″DrabSlates & Shales
14'0"Sandstone
No.6.
NORTH
BENS CREEK
134 MILES E.OF BENS CREEK STATION
L.MacDonald.
14'0'Drab Shales
5' O'Brown Slate.
3′0'Black Slate
2'0"COAL,LIMESTONE SEAM
2'0 Fire Clay
18' 0"Broun Slates &Shales
39′0'Sandstone
3′ 0″Drab Slates
2′ 0″Black Slates
7' 8°COAL
-
4' 0"Black Shale& COALmixed
2'0"Fire Clay
17' 0"Slates & Shales
Sp
2 O'Fire Clay
3' 0"Sandstone
9′0″Slates & Shales
4′0″Black Slate
ƒ′0″ COAL,MILLER SEAM
4'0'Fire Clay
9′0″Gray Slate & Shales
2′ 0"Black Slates
5'0"COAL & Slate mixed
2' 0"Fire Clay
21' 0"Slates &Shales
3'0"Sandstone
2' 0"Black Slate
1'8"COAL
Breuker & Kessler, Lith.Phil
S
!
اليا
D
-O
C
C
B
S
▬▬▬▬▬▬
Sg a
LA S
SAMA
Para MDM
WESTMORELAND
**·
O
mga a
CO.
———
A a va a se m
St
-
A at
Nga
THE S S
FEET 40
- WY THE STANDA
Y
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ a ma
se vader van de mem
▬▬▬▬
N
Conen
DE LA SUA
DAN ZEIT Y
----
1
PI
LOWER
YODER
N D
30
7′ 2″ COAL RIDER SEAM
54′0″Interval, not exposed
Ly
10
3'0'Black Slute
·
4'0'COAL LEMON SEAM
7'0'Fire Clay
15' 0"Drab Slates & Shales
6'0"Limestone
15'0"Brown Slates & Shales
10'0"Sandstone
2′0″BlackSlate
3'1"COAL
2'0"Fire Clay
8′0″Drab Sandstone
11′0″Dark Shales
4'0"Black Slate
2'6"COAL
20"Fire Clay
5'0"Limestone
UPPER XO DER)
Y
35′ 0″ Gray Sandstone
2′0″Black Slate
2'6 COAL
16" Fire Clay
27′0″Suites & Shales
3′0″Black Slates
3' 0"COAL
1'0'Fire Clay
3′0'Sandstone
10′0'Drab Shales
5'0'Black Slate
4′0″COAL,MILLER SEAM
4′0″Fire Clay
4′0'DrabSlates
10'0"Sandstone
2′6″Blue Slate
2'0 COAL
1'0"Fire Clay
19′ ("Slates & Shales
3′ 6″ Sandstone
}
4'′9″ COAL & Slate mixed
5'0"Fire Clay
10'6"Sandstone
10'0'Slates & Shales
14'6" Sandstone
4'6'DarkSlates
6"COAL
4'0*Fire Clay, yellow
5'0'Fire Clay, white
3′0'Fire Clay, blue
Y
J
¡SANG HOLLOW
ANG HO
BOBE HQLE
MER
N
South
North
WE ST(TAYLOR
CLO
20
A
Stony
5
Braruh
Branch
Creek
S
C
10
[COFEMAUGHN
43- C
JOHNSTOWY.
STONY
K
NCO P.0
EAST
No.7.
CRESSON SHAFT
1 MILE EAST OF CRESSON ON THE
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD
Gresson Coal & Coke Co.
OUN
Y
BLACKNICK
*BELSANO P.Q.
Black Lick Creek
TAYLOR
T
CREEK RICHLAND
Sow
CAMBRIA COUNTY,
SHOWING THE LOCATION OF THE SECTIONS.
SF NICHOLAS
A
Blucklick
Creek
ONEMAUGH;
SUSQUEHANNA ELDER
River
R R
Conemaugh
FERRY TREP)
PLATTVILLE
(SCALP LEVEL
Gde da k
S
CRO KLE
fiver
RAILROAD
ELPONI
CA/M/BRI X
AM
CO
SKELETON MAP
Conemaugh Luke
Paint
10
OF
HASTINGSA
SUMMER H L
EBENSBURG,
South Fork
CLE AR FI E L D
40
Branch
↓
BURO
ROAD
Branch
Je
OUNTY
10"Surface Clay
16"Gray Sandstone
10' 0"Soft broun Slate
KAWAL
25′ 0″Hard blue Sinte
3′0″Soft white Slate
Lule
22' 0"Hood blue Slate
D AM S
:
9′0″Hard gray Sandstone
8' 0"Fire Clay
13′0″Harlgray Sandstone
6"Soft blue Slate
34′ 0″Hard gray Sandstone
1′0″Soft white Sandstone
48′0″Hard gray Sandstone
4'0"Hard black Sandstone
9' 0"Hurd blue Sarulstone
1'0" COAL GALLITZIN SEAM
9'0"Fire Clay
17' 0"Fard Sandstone & Slate
8'0"Fire Clay
5'0"Hard gray Sandstone
9′0″Soft blue Slate
5'0"Fire Clay
2'6"Hard gray Sandstone
4' 6" Fire day
CARROLLTOWN
RÓ LL
21' 0"Hurd gray Sandstone
3′ 6″Hard brown Sandstone
9′0″Hard gray Sandstone
7'0"Soft blue Slate
6'0"Hurd black Sandstone
10Black State
6′0″ COAL BED E
Blue Slate
Creek
C H
BONIFACE
MUNSTER
LORRETTO PO.
Conemang
ST LAWRENCE
ALLE GHANY
B
B
T WI
ARFIELD
CHEST SPRINOS PO.
Bens
CRESSON SHA
SHII N GTO
SONMAN
BORE HOLE
ORTA GE
reely
EDFORD
GALLITZIN
0
с
20
480 of Nature.
Scale 1 Inch = 40 Feet.
80
ON
30
BENNINGTON SECTION
BLAIR CO.
John Fulton.
CRESSON
M
B
ๆ
D
E
D
C
CLEARFIELD
A
120
B
A
TE
ASHVILLE PO.
SERY
COUNTY
·A
P
A
HEH
C O
Jay
No.8.
CITY
ROUTE
18
&
TAIN BENNINGTON
40
ic
3 NEW YḍRK SHORT
Atlas to Reports H? and H3





EAN
THE TANË MANY S MA
FRUGALITY
BELLS
SAP
K
20′0″Drab Shales
C
2"Mahoning Sandstone
2′8″RIDER COAL
5'0"Olive Shales
10'0"Massive Slates
20′ 0″ Olive Slates &Shales
5'4"LEMON SEAM
2'0"Fire Clay
4′0″ Gray Sündstone
7′0″Black Slates
"COAL
7'0'Shales
5′3″Limestone
3' ('Black Slates
9"NodularLimestone
35 Fire Clay
1′3″FerriferousIzmestone
4'6"Drab Shales
3'0'LIMESTONE SEAM
1′0″Fire Clay
21'0"Drab Sandstone
20'0"Black Slates
11′0″Drab Slates holding
Iron Balls
7" Sandstone
13′0″BlueSlates
2'10" CEMENT SEAM
15′0″Massive KrahSandstone
12' 6"Slates
ALLEN TIMBERS
BE A DE
2'8"CAMBRIA COAL BED
6'0"ImpureFire Clay
12′0″Sandstone
1'3' Slate
4"COAL
7′0'Sandstone
810"Black Slates with
Calamutes
3′6″ MILLER COAL BED
3'0"Fire Clay, good
OUNTY
29′0″Shales
21′0″Slates
2′0″Black Slates
7'8" CLARION COAL BED
4'0" Gray Sandstone
5'0" BROOKVILLE COAL BED
5′0'Fire Clay
20′0″Massive gray Sandstone
10'0"Gray & brown Shales
Scale 6 miles to one inch.
"
16′0″Massive Sandstone
1′8″Black Slates
7'8" COAL BED
5'6" Fire Clay
6"Shales and Sandstone.
15'0"Massive drab
Conglomerate
10′OʻRed Shales &Bogl
100'0"Conglomerate NoXII
U
160
t
50
N
T
1
Ore
Y
200
60 METERS.
↑
NA

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PENNSYLVANIA. J. P. Lesley, State Geologist.
WEST
2,400 above tide.
2,300'
2,200'
2,100'
2,000
1,900
1,800'
1,700 above tide
100' 200'
458
300 400
BED E
BED D
BED C
BED B
BED A
500
600'
Scale 350 feet to 1 inch.
700' 800'
900' 7,000′
E.KMeyers. State Printer.
1,500
2,000'
2,500
3,000'
GRADE
LINE
3,500
OF
PORTAGE
GRADE
4,000'
RAIL
LINE
OF
ROAD
- PENNA
4,500'
RAIL
ROAD
5.000:
COAL, G.
LEMON SEAM OR BED, E.
LIMESTONE SEAM OR BED, D.
CEMENT SEAM OR BED, C.
MILLER SEAM OR BED, B.
SIX FEET SEAM OR BED, A.
5.500
6,000'
¦
6,500
7,000
PENNSYLVANIA R. R. TUNNEL,
through the Allegheny Mountain 3,675 feet long.
JSPSSGENO
7,500'
8,000′
PORTAGE R.R.TUNNEL,
1,638 feet long.
EN
CAMBRIA CO.
BARREN MEASURES
Mahoning Sandstone
CA
8,500'
BLAIR CO.
S
T
9,000'
9,500'
BENNINGTON SHAFT SECTION
through the
LOWER PRODUCTIVE COAL MEASURES
(or Allegheny Series.)
E
Atlas to Reports H? and H3

10,000'
EAST
Breuker & Kessler, Lith.Philų
BENNINGTON
B-
A
Ele. above Tide 1700 ft.
10,500'
11,000'

Medusaklingskik xüs
ARTES
LIBRARY
1837
VERITAS
E PLURIBUS UNUM
CTULOOR
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
ALAVATÁJAVAJAG
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
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OF THE
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