1
406
Statistical Circular No. 1.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF EDUCATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
January 1, 1923
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS.
The following tables, compiled by the statistical section of the
Bureau of Education, contain an analysis of current expenses per
student in average daily attendance in 170 city school systems, 1921–
22, arranged in groups according to the population of the cities
I.—Analysis of current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 170 city school
systems, 1921–22.
GROUP I.-CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE (30 CITIES).

General
control.
Instruction
in day
Operation of
schools.
plant.
Total
current
Cities.
ex-
penses.
Cost.
Per cent of total.
2
3
4
Cost.
Per cent of total.
Cost.
Mainte-
nance
of plant.
agencies.
Coordinate
activities
and
auxiliary
Fixed
charges
and
interest on
indebted-
ness.
Per cent of total.
Cost.
Per cent of total.
Cost.
Per cent of total.
Cost.
Per cent of total.
ما
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1242
13
14
Yonkers, N. Y…..
Springfield, Mass..
Buffalo, N. Y.
$121.60 $2.58
2.1
$94.64 77.8 $6.59
Newark, N. J..
Oakland, Calif.
Boston, Mass.
103.89
Grand Rapids, Mich.
103. 76
Detroit, Mich.
Albany, N. Y
118.90 2.85 | 2.4
116.60 1.07 .9
110.89 4.29 3.9
104. 15 3.02 2.9
4. 13 4.0
3.72 3.6
102.95 4.58 4.4
98.85 2.02 2.0 78.02
80. 1
Spokane, Wash..
96.50 | 2.40
78.9
2.5 71.89 74.5
San Francisco, Calif.
94.59
2. 24
2.4
74.91 79.2
Milwaukee, Wis...
92.69
1.81
2.0
75.09 81.0
Paterson, N. J.
89.51
2.08
2.3
64.72 72.3
Chicago, Ill..
89.40 4. 26
4.8
61.62 68.9
5.4 $4.42 3.6 $2.24 1.9 $11.13
86.44 72.7 15.26 12.8 5.05 4.3 1.93 1.6
91.85 78.8 13.46 11.6 5.38 4.6 1.54 1.3
84.34 76.0 7.90 7.1 3.18 2.9
87.48 84.0 7.01 6.7 2.51 2.4 3. 13
73.03 70.3 9.87 9.5 7.29 7.0 2.71 2.6
78.03 75.2 11.68 11.3 3.68 3.5 .96 .9
82.44
11.92 11.6 2.29 2.2 1.22 1.2 .50 .5
11.04 11.2 2.25 2.3 4. 16 4.2 1.36 1.4
11.37 11.8 2.73 2.8 1.84 1.9 6.27 6.5
6.15 6.5 4.08 4.3 1.15 1.2 6.05 6.4
8. 19 8.8 6.80 7.3 .80 .9
7.82 8.8 2.78 3.1 1.35 1.5 10.76 12.0
11.57 13.0 6.08 6.8 3.07 3.4 2.80 3.1
9.2
7.37
6.2
3.30 2.8
3.28 3.0
7.90 7.1
3.0
1.00 1.0
6.86 6.6
5.69 5.5
St. Louis, Mo.
Dayton, Ohio.
Camden, N. J.
Minneapolis, Minn
New Bedford, Mass.
Fall River, Mass....
Providence, R. I...
Philadelphia, Pa..
New Haven, Conn..
Scranton, Pa.
Louisville, Ky
87.85
3.22
3.7
66.49 75.7
8.75 10.0
4.33 4.9 3.43 3.9
1.63 1.8
86.75 1.85 2.1
59.16 68.2
8.35 9.6
85.62 1.81 2.1 65.51
76.5
71.31 2.54
69.99 3.69
Reading, Pa..
61.51 3.76 6. 1
San Antonio, Tex.
55.83 1.78 3.2
84.52 3.18 3. S
82.53 2.30 2.8
80.32 2.36 2.9 62.74 78.1
79.95 2.33 2.9 56.38 70.5
75.51 2.08 2.7 57.97 76.8
71.56 1.92 2.7 55.22 77.2
3.5 51.55 72.3
5.3 57.76 82.5
70. 1
77.5
64.34
76. 1
59.21
71.7
6.69 7.7 1.98 2.3
9.80 11.4 2.18 2.6 1.43 1.7 4.89 5.7
10.07 11.9 4.58 5.4 1.70 2.0 .65 .8
8.54 10.4 1.89 2.3 2.74 3.3
9.27 11.5 5.04 6.3 .52
9.24 11.6 4.33 5.4 3.27
8.72 10.1
7.85 9.5
.7
.39 .5
4.40 5.5
5.88 7.8
2.24 3.0 1.79
5.55 7.3
43.10
43.26
Atlanta, Ga.
Birmingham, Ala...
Nashville, Tenn...
Average.
51.74 .85 1.6
45.54 1.39 3.1 37.07 81.4
34.63 1.09 3.1 27.29 78.8
88.36
46.49 89.9
10.90 15.2
6.26 8.8
5.88 8.4 1.45 2.1 .73 1.0
7.23 11.8 3.34 5.4 1.18 1.9
3.93 7.0 1.87 3.4 .29 .5
2.86 5.5
2.90 4.0
.62 .9
3.91 5.5 1.63 2.3
5.42 7.6
.48 .7
2.90 4.7
4.70 8.4
.66 1.3
.88 1.7
3.25 7.1
3.20 9.2
2.42 5.3 .28
2.03 5.9 .33 1.0
.6
1.13 2.5
.69
2.0
3.07 3.5 66.31
75.1 9.03 10.2
4.19
4.7 2.07
2.3 3.69
4.2
25740°-23
2
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS.
II.-Analysis of current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 170 city
school systems, 1921-22-Continued.
GROUP II.-CITIES OF 30,000 TO 100,000 POPULATION (40 CITIES).

Coordinate Fixed
General
control.
Instruction
in day
schools.
Operation of
plant.
Mainte-
nance of
plant.
and
auxiliary
agencies.
activities charges and
interest on
indebted-
ness.
Total
current
Cities.
ex-
penses.
Per cent of total.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
68
10-
11 12
13 14
Muncie, Ind.
$129.67 $7.09
5.5
$94.22
72.6 $12.74
9.8 $4.13
San Diego, Calif..
113.05
3.53
-
3.1
Hamtramck, Mich..
112. 54
3.77
3.4
84.25 74.5 8.33
62.59 55.6 12.42 11.3
7.4
4.57
8. 59
3.2 $0.86
1.96
5.63
0.7 $10.63
Duluth, Minn
108.88
4.41
4.0
77.26 71.0 13.05 12.0
Niagara Falls, N. Y.
106. 18
1. S4
1.7
76.22 71.8
Stockton, Calif.
103.56
2.58
2.5
Topeka, Kans.
102. 04
Terre Haute, Ind...
100. 85
Fort Wayne, Ind.
100.39
Rockford, Ilí..
99.97
San Jose, Calif.
95. 11
Oshkosh, Wis.
94.24
Utica, N. Y..
94.09
67.89 72.1
9.92
Meriden, Conn.
92.44 2.01 2.2
70.72
76. 5
Chester, Pa...
91.51 4.05 4.4
62.89
68.7
Wheeling, W. Va.
91.25 2.44 2.7
66.20
72.6
Auburn, N. Y.
90.88 2.82 3.1
68.22
75. 1
Joliet, Ill...
90.87 2.86 3.1
59.52
65.5
9.84
12.48
9.76
10.68
15.32
2.89
7.40 7.0 2.69 2.5
85.66 82.7 9.64 9.3 4.53 4.4
2.27 2.2 67.34 66.0 10.23 10.0 6.60 6.5
2.33 2.3 70.24 69.6 9.13 9.1 11.28 11.2
2.93 2.9 65.18 64.9 10.73 10.7 3.24 3.2
3.20 3.2 74.45 74.5
14.01 14.0 2.49 2.5 1.82
1.54 1.6 80.43 84.6 8. 18 8.6 2.39 2.5 .43 .5
2. 13 2.3 72.39 76.8 13. 15 14. 0 1.35 1.4 5.22 5.5
1.00 1.1
10.5 10.97 11.7 2.54 2.7
10.6 6.81 7.4 1.48 1.6
13.6 2.81 3.1 1.62 1.8
10.7 5.77 6.3 4.05
11.7 3.53 3.9 1.61
4. 1
7.6
2.6 3.46 3.2
3.34 3.2
.96 .9
1.35 1.3
4.37 | 4.3
8.2
1.7 10.41 9.2
5.0
19.54 17.4
7.81 7.2
14.69 13.8
.19 .2
14.25 14.0
3.50 3.5
8.00 8.0
10.31 10.3
1.8
4.00 4.0
2.14 2.2
1.77
1.9
1.58 1.7
7.66 8.4
4. 4
3.03 3.3
1.8
4.02 4.4
16.9 3.33 3.7 3.56
3.9
6.28 6.9
Waterbury, Conn...
90.76 2.29 2.5
64.00 70.5
13.97 15.4
3.11
3.4 .33
.4
7.03 7.8
Lorain, Ohio.
89.32 3.08 3.5
Tacoma, Wash
Passaic, N. J.
Moline, Ill..
Green Bay, Wis.
Pittsfield, Mass.
Manchester, N. H..
West Hoboken, N.J
Newburgh, N. Y...
Quincy, Mass..
Taunton, Mass.
Perth Amboy, N. J.
87.67 2.54 2.9
84.81 2.20 2.6
80.23 3.38 4.2
79.48 2.08 2.6
79.44 1.77 2.2
79.04 2.45 3.1
76.74 2.06 2.7
73.37 2.03 2.8
72.60 1.33 1.8
71.95 1.44 2.0
67.12 1.46 2.2
58. 07
67.53
63.20 74.5
56.65 70.6
65.0
8.70
9.7
1. 07
1.2 3.77 4.2
14.63 16.4
77.0
8. 17
9.3
4. 16
4.7
1.63
1.9
3.64 4.2
7.96
9.4
3.71
4. 4
1.87 2.2
5.87 6.9
10.91
13.6
2.92
3.7
.73 .9
5.64 7.0
63.25 79.6 9.22 11.6
61.85 77.9
56.59 71.6
59.24 77.2
56.59 77.1
60.85 83.8
52.87 73.5
4.50
5.7 .18 .2
.25 .3
9.25 11.7
9.43 11.9
6.47 8.4
8.10 11.0
7.07 9.7
9.93
1.76 2.2
1.85
2.3
2.96 3.7
2.40 3.0
2. 27
2.9
5.90❘ 7.5
3.09
4.0
1.48
1.9
4.40 5.8
2. 24
3. 1
3.22
4. 4
1.19
1.6
1.12
1.6
2.23 3.1
13.8
1.91 2.7 2.11 2.9
3.69
5. 1
50.78 75.7
6.49
9.7
2.43 3.6 1.23 1.8
4.73 7.0
York, Pa...
63.02
3.23 5. 1
47.04 74.6
6.78
10.8 1.54 2.4 1.31 2.1
3.12 5.0
Hazleton, Pa.
62.47
3. 19
5.1
43.43
69.5
6.33
10.2 2.07 3.3 2.00
3.2
5.45 8.7
Covington, Ky
58.24
2.08
3.6
39.37
67.6
7.26
12.5
3.41 5.9 .38
.6
5.74 9.8
Danville, Ill.
51.06 2.61 5. 1
39. 17
76.7
6.61
13. 0
Austin, Tex.
Wilmington, N. C..
Tampa, Fla.
Columbus, Ga…….
Montgomery, Ala……
Average..
84.37
49.75
49.29 1.90 3.9
42.31 2.85 6.7
35.78 .93 2.6
31.82 1.28 4.0
2.51 3.0
1.57 3.2
40.97
82. 3
4. 18
8.4
39.75
80.6
61.82 73.3
1.11 2.2
1.84 3.7 .64 1.3
3.60 7.3 2.20 4.5 .27 .5
30.20 71.4 3.50 8.3 .66 1.6
30.99 86.6 1.50 4.2 1.20 3.4
27.16 85.4 1.79 5.6 .30 .9
9.03
.11 .2
1.45 2.8
.55 1.1
1.57 3.2
.90 2.1
4.20 9.9
.73 2.0
.63 2.0
.43 1.2
.66
2.1
10.7 3.59 4.2
2.13 2.5
5.29 6.3
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS.
3
Cities.
ex-
penses.
Total
current
III.—Analysis of current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 170 city
school systems, 1921-22-Continued.
GROUP III. CITIES OF 10,000 TO 30,000 POPULATION (50 CITIES).

Cost.
Per cent of total.
Cost.
Per cent of total.
General
control.
Instruction
in day
Operation of
Mainte-
nance of
schools.
plant.
plant.
and
auxiliary
activities charges and
interest on
indebted-
agencies.
ness.
Cost.
Coordinatel Fixed
Per cent of total.
Cost.
Per cent of total.
Cost.
Per cent of total.
Cost.
Per cent of total.
1
2
3 4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11
12 13 14
Bloomfield, N. J....$109. 06 $3.04
2.8
$85.13
78.1 $12.47
Missoula, Mont..
105.55
4.92
4.7
Eureka, Calif.
100.84
2. 25
2.2
79.11❘ 78.5
Santa Cruz, Calif.
97.60
2.66
2.7
79.48 81.5
Plainfield, N. J...
96.62
2.93
3.0
77.62 80.4
11.4
$2.88 2.6
74.57 70.6 14.60 13.8 $0.69 0.7 1.06 1.0
8.46 8.4 1.95 1.9 4.54 4.5
9.98 10.2 2.46 2.5
11.33
$5.54
9.71 9.2
4.53 4.5
5.1
2.47 2.5
.55 .6
11.7 2.70 2.8
1.64 1.7
.40 .4
Concord, N. H…...
96. 17
2. 26
2.3
68.26 71.0
11.18
11.6
3.04 3.2
8.66 9.0
2.77 2.9
Grand Forks, N. Dak
96.16
3.25
3.4
68.11
70.8
13.41
13.9 1.62 1.7
1.59
1.7
8.18 8.5
Huntington, Ind.
92.69
3.22 3.5
63.25
68.2
5. 15
Astoria, Oreg.
90.96
4. 48
4.9
61.45 67.6
9.87
10.9
Beloit, Wis.
•
90.94
2.46 2.7
61.03
67.1
12.57 13.8
Walla Walla, Wash.
Parkersburg, W. Va.
89.58 2.66 3.0
68. 21
76.2
10.40 11.6
5.6 11.07 11.9
5.49
3.90 4.3
1.54 1.7
4. 41
4.8
5.59 6.0
6.0
1.35
1.5
8.32 9.1
1.48
1.6
9.50 10.5
.64
.7
6. 13
6.8
87.86 2.83 3.2
61.25
69.7
8.67 9.9
5. 12
5.8
Janesville, Wis.
87.48 3.15
3.6
64.45
73.7
11.21 12.8
4.64
5.3
Dunkirk, N. Y..
86.89 3.58
4. 1
62.81 72.3
8.42 9.7 2.02 2.3
نه ونه
2.85 3.3
7.14
8.1
3.18
3.6
.85 1.0
2.65 3.1
7.41 8.5
Calumet, Mich.
83.85
3.06
3.6
63.87 76.2
9.60
11.4
3.02 3.6
.55 .7
3.75 4.5
Morgantown, W.Va.
83.85
2. 41
2.9
Galesburg, Ill...
81.06
2.58
3.2
Sanford, Me
80.57
3.68 4.6
59.99 71.5
57.52
56.89 70.6
8.71 10.4
2.60 3.1
5.35 6.4
4.79 5.7
71.0
13.44
16.6
5.88 7.2
1. 13
1.4
.51 .6
10.55
13. 1
4.46
5.5
4.49
5.6
.50 .6
Independence, Kans
80.22
Aberdeen, Wash...
79.96
Keokuk, Iowa.
Danbury, Conn...
Oneonta, N. Y..
Watertown, Mass.
76.48
4. 1
3.50 4. 4
79.80 3.86 4.8
77.56 3.35 4.3
76.60 3.81 5.0
2.18 2.8
3.30
69.5
Greenfield, Mass.
76.34
2. 21
2.9
Nashua, N. H
74.29
1.88
2.5
Clinton, Mass.
73. 11
2.70
3.7
55.73
57.90
72.4
56.05 70.2
58.46 75.4
49.27 64.3
55.64 72.8
58.59 76.8
53.30 71.8 14.69 19.8
53.56 73.3 12.08 16.5
8.36
10.4
Urbana, Ill..
72.99 3.72
5. 1
50.27 68.9
10.79
14.8
Johnstown, N. Y..
71.35 | 3.92
5.5
54.08 75.8
6.07
8.5
Norwich, Conn.
71.06
2. 21
3.1
50.73 71.4
9.93
14.0
1.20 1.5
8.07 10.1 1.91 2.4 2.60 3.2
12.44 15.6 2.43 3.1
10.37 13.4 2.80 3.6 1.93 5.5
6.94 9.1 12.80 16.7 1.16 1.5
11.44 15.0 3.40 4.4 3.82 5.0
12.60 16.5 1.56 2.0 1.38 1.8
1.96 2.6 2.46 3.3
2.39 3.3
2.08 2.8
4. 19 5.7 1.28 1.7
2.10 2.9 2.25 3.2
4.45 6.2 .98 1.4
.03 .0 11.60 14.5
5.98 7.5
1.36 1.7
3.66 4.6
.65 .8
2.62 3.4
.30 4
2.74 3.8
2.93 4.1
2.75 3.9
Leavenworth, Kans.
70.86
3.00 4.2
48.39 68.3
11.47
16.2
Ottumwa, Iowa.
70.62
2.25 3.2
50.95 72.1
8. 21
Freeport, Ill.
Glendale, Calif.
Holland, Mich.
New Albany, Ind.
Fort Smith, Ark…….
Enfield, Conn.
Columbia, Mo..
Lebanon, Pa..
Butler, Pa...
Carthage, Mo.
Enid, Okla.
Jeffersonville, Ind..
Chicago Heights, Ill.
Owensboro, Ky.
Marshall, Tex.
Bessemer, Ala
Rome, Ga...
Gadsden, Ala.
Average.
70.33 2.27 3.2
69.48 2.93 4. 2
67.55 3.29 4.9
64.11 2.39 3.7
62.42 | 1.91 3.1
61.89 5.52 8.9
61.77 3.24 5.2
50.70 72.1
12.35
55.79 80.3
51.34 76.0
3.32 4.7
11.6 1.25 1.8 .54 .8
17.6 3.16 4.5 1.18 1.7
7.18 10.4 1.34 1.9 .36 .5
8.30 12.3 3.39 5.0 1.00 1.5
1.03 1.5
3.65 5.1
7.42 10.5
.67 .9
1.88 2.7
.23 .3
46.05 71.8
7.20 11.2 2.46 3.9
4.48
7.0
1.53 2.4
44.71 71.6
5.10 8.2
39.80
64.3
8.74
42. 44
68.7
6.94
61.03 2.91 4.8
43.58
71.4
5.56 8.9
14. 1 3.45 5.6
11.2 3.13 5. 1
8.39 13.7 2.43 4.0
2. 19
3.5
2.95 4.7
.29
.5 4.09 6.6
1.08
1.8
4.94 8.0
1.44
2.4
2.28 3.7
60.03
3.07
5. 1
7.00 11.7
59.93 2. 15
3.6
56.16 3.02
5.4
53.89 2.14 4.0
52.35
2.82 5.4
48. 24
2.85 5.9
41.94
1.80 4. 3
31.26
1.46
4.7
•
31. 13
1.36
4. 4
30.70
1.78
5.8
2.11 6.9
40.04 66.7
46.59 77.7 3.77 6.3
36.26 64.6 8.15 14.5 2.08 3.7
39.97 74.2 7.07 13.1 2.24
32.79 62.6 8.16 15.6 .71
38. 15 79.1 5.76 11.9 .63 1.3
34.92 83.3 1.95 4.6 1.25 3.0
25.57 81.8 2.26 7.2 .84 2.7 62
22.46 72.1 2.48 8.0 1.45
24.73 80.5
2.77 4.6
. 14
.2
7.01 11.7
1.71 2.9
.49
.8
5.22 8.7
.63
1.1
6.01 10.7
4. 1 .15 .3
2.32 4.3
1.4
.91
1.7
6.95 13.3
.61
1.3
.24 .5
2.02❘ 4.8
•
2.0
.51 1.6
4.7 .09
.3
3.29 10.5
2.08❘ 6.8
73.72
2.79
3.8 53.73 72.9
8.88 12.0 2.81 3.8 1.70 2.3
3.81 5.2
4
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS.
IV.-Analysis of current expenses per student in average daily attendance n 170 city
school systems, 1921-22-Concluded.
GROUP IV.-CITIES OF 5,000 TO 10,000 POPULATION (50 CITIES).

Coordinate Fixed
activities charges and
ex-
penses.
Cost.
Per cent of total.
Cost.
General
control.
Instruction
in day
schools.
Operation of
plant.
Mainte-
nance of
plant.
and
auxiliary
interest on
indebted-
agencies.
ness.
Cities.
Total
current
Per cent of total.
Cost.
Per cent of total.
Cost.
Per cent of total.
Cost.
Per cent of total.
Cost.
Per cent of total.
1
2
CA
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Williamson, W. Va.
$117. 60 86.52
5.5
$76, 26 | 64. 8
$9.70
8.3 $2.45
2.1 $4.66
4.0 $18.01 [15.3
Globe, Ariz..
111.53
5.64 5.0
73.82 66. 2
16.30
14.6 1.20 1.1
14.60 13.1
South Amboy, N. J.
109. 86
109.86
7.81
7.1
75.22 | 68.5
14.27
13.0 1.25 1.1 .88
.8
Marshfield, Wis.....
Bozeman, Mont.
Monrovia, Calif.
Roselle Park, N. J..
Pendleton, Oreg...
Mount Clemens,
Mich.
Sheridan, Wyo.
Santa Rosa, Calif...
Manistique, Mich…….
Bennington, Vt.
109.05
107.39
4.34 4.0
6.98 6.5
107.20 4.66 4.4
10.43 9.5
109.77
5.52
5.0
75.46 68.7
109. 44
6.73 6.1
65. 51 59.9
75.84 | 69.6
64.33 59.9
72.84 67.9
14. 14 12.9 7.47 6.8 .96 .9
16.89 15.4 1.81 1.7
8.98 8.2 8.99 8.2
12.43 11.6 6.06 5.6
12.64 11.8 6.01 5.6
6.22 5.7
2.05 1.9
|
16.45 15.0
2.92 2.7
7.98 7.3
2.43 2.3
15. 16 14. 1
11.05 10.3
93.99
101.43 11.08 10.9
99.35 4.11 4.1
98.06 4.53 4.6
94.50 4.66
6. 12
56.34 55.5
71.07 71.5
79.45 81.0
15.00 14.8 13.45 [13.3
7.22 7.3 3.35 3.4
7.09 7.3 2.46 2.5
1.75
1.7
3.81 3.8
6.34
6.4
7.26 7.3
3. 12
3.2
1.40 1.4
4.9
60.69 64.2
15.74 16.7 5.02 5.3
3.03 3.2
5.36 5.7
6.5
64.70 | 68, 9
Canandaigua, N. Y.
89.42
5.55 6.2
Oskaloosa, Iowa..
88.89
Stoughton, Wis....
85.36 5.48
3.15 3.5
6.4
64.08 71.7
63.27 71.2
56.49 66.2
Montpelier, Vt……………. 85.27 5.65 6.6
62.45
73.2
Lewiston, Idaho.
84.15
4.11
4.9
54. 48
64.7
Dixon, Ill.
83.21
4. 41
5.3
62. 22
74. 8
Sterling, Colo..
83.10
6.35 7.6
57.40
69.1
Alma, Mich.
82.91 4.07 4.9
62.67
75.6
8. 14
Mechanicsville,N.Y.
79.58 3.63 4.6
54. 19
68.1
Latrobe, Pa...
79.29 3.72
4.7
Girard, Ohio..
77.57 5. 51
7.1
13.47 14.3 5.06 5.4 1.34 1.4
7.78 8.7 5.84 6.5 3.08 3.4
8.97 10.1 2.75 3.1
10.67 12.5 4.20 4.9 .47 .6
10.01 11.7 4.31 5.1 2.13 2.5
9.35 11.1 1.39 1.7 .88
8.97 10.8 2.66 3.2 1.01 1.2
12.17 14.6 5.59 6.7
9.8 2.44 3.0
6.12 7.7 1.95 2.4
55.22 69.6 8.36 10.5 3.61 4.6
48.55 62.6 12.19 15.7 2.96 3.8 .39 .5
3.30 3.5
3.09 3.5
10:75 12.1
8.05 9.4
.72 .9
1.0
13.94 16.6
3.94 4.7
1.13 1.4
.46 .6
2.27 2.7
3.32 4.0
2.29
2.29 | 2.9
11.40 14.3
.93 1.2
7.45 9.4
7.97 10.3
North Andover,
Mass..
77.36 2.34
Rockville, Conn.
Norfolk, Nebr.
East Conemaugh, Pa
3.0
76.20 3.30 4.3
71.65 4.05 5.7
67.56 6.82 10.1
56.86 73.5
55.78 73.2
56.54 78.9
13.97
6.17
18. 1
8.1
2.10 2.7 1.49 1.9 .60
7.60 10.0 2.71 3.6
.8
.64 .8
·
8.49
11.8
1.48 2.1 .89 1.2
•
.20 .3
42.43 62.8
5.25
Wabash, Ind…….
66.64
3.31
4.9
Marshall, Mo..
66.31
4. 08
6.2
Houlton, Me..
65.66
2.13
3.3
Shelton, Conn.
Charleston, Ill.
Raton, N. Mex.
St. Charles, Mo……..
Branford, Conn.
Vinita, Okla..
Vineland, N. J.
Maysville, Ky.
Chariton, Iowa.
64.06 2.60 4. 1
63.44 4.35 6.9
63,06 3.07 4.9
Logan, Ohio..
Milton, Pa...
Presque Isle, Me……….
Suffolk, Va..
Frankfort, Ky..
Washington, N. C..
Ada, Okla.
Bicknell, Ind.
62.48 | 6.30 10.1
62.03 3.10 5.0
61.84 5.32 8.6
61.31
1.87 3.1
59.16 4.42 7.5
59.11 4.12 7.0
56,132.33 4.2
55.40 4.55 S. 2 34.67 62.6
55.24 1.71 3.1 40.86 74.0
44.55 2.61 5.9 31.83 71.4
43.94 4. 19 9.5 32.23 73.4
43.46 4.46 10.3 31.82 73.2
33.86 3.44 10.2 18.69 55.2
33.38 1.49 4.5
50.50 75.8
48.7273.3
45.80 69.8
41. 51 64.8
46.40 | 73. 1
49.82 79.0
46.67 74.7
42.98 | 69. 3
43.3870. 2
43.49 70.9
42.17 71.3
41.24 69.8
41.22 73.4
8. 12
6.42
7.8 .34 .5 .36
12.2 2.18 3.3
9.7 2.78 4.2 .03 .1
5
12.36 18.3
.12 .2
2. 41
3.6
4. 28
6.5
10.46 15.9
5.08
4.68 7.3 4. 25 6.6 3.89
7.89 12.4 1.39 2.2 .57 .9
5.08 8.0 2.26 3.6 1.93 3.1
6.96 11.1 1.45 2.3 .53
7.7
2.19
3.3
6. 1
7.13 11. 1
2.84 4.5
.90 1.4
.9
57 .9
7.03 11.3 4.50 7.2 4.20 6.8
5.27 8.5 .82 1.3 .46 .7
4.89 8.0 4.06
6. 16 10.4 2.96
8.38 14.2 3.04
.22 .4
6.59 10.7
6.6 3.57 5.8
5.0 .41
3.43 5.6
.7
3.04 5.1
5. 1 1.55
2.6
.78
1.3
26.50
79.4
Albany, Ala.
31.13 2.55 8.2
25. 24
Gainesville, Ga……….
24.17 1.65 6.8
18.84
6.33 11.3 1.95 3.5 .87
6.83 12.3 .96 1.7 .27
8.87 16:1 1.52 2.7
5.67 12.7 2.80 6.3
4.79 10.9 2.69 6.1
2.80
6.4
6.28 18. 5
3.35 10.0
81.1 2.23 7.2
78.0 2.46 10.2
1.5
3.43 6. 1
.5
8.12 14.7
2.28
4. 1
1. 11
2.5
53 1.2
•
1.96 4.5
.41
1.2
1.22 3.6
.04 .1
2.42 5.6
5.04 14.9
.82
2.5
•
.13 .4 .01 .0
.97 3.1
.37 1.5
.43 1.8
.42 1.7
Average.
64. 13
3.62 5.7
44.79 69.8 7.16 11.2 2.71 4.2 1.43 2.2
4.42 6.9
ADDITIONAL COPIES
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AT
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COPY FOR PROFIT.-PUB. RES. 57, APPROVED MAY 11, 1922
L
A66
mo, 2
Statistical Circular No. 2.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF EDUCATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
May, 1923.
ENROLLMENT IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES, SCIENCES,
AND COMMERCIAL SUBJECTS IN PUBLIC HIGH
SCHOOLS.
By FLORENCE DUBOIS, Statistician.
Popularity of Latin among high-school pupils has not been sur-
passed by the popularity of any other foreign language, ancient or
modern, according to reports received by the Bureau of Education
for 1921-22 from public high schools in cities having a population of
100,000 or more. In public high schools reporting the enrollment of
pupils by subjects of study, 23.3 per cent of the pupils enrolled were
studying Latin. The languages which ranked next in popularity
were French and Spanish, studied by 21.2 per cent and 21.1 per
cent, respectively, of the total enrollment.
German was studied by 1.5 per cent of the total enrollment and
Greek by 0.3 per cent. Swedish was studied by a little less than 0.1
per cent of the pupils enrolled in the high schools, and Norse, Italian,
Bohemian, and Hebrew by less than 0.1 per cent each, with the per
cents decreasing in the order of the languages named. 、
Inquiries received by the bureau evince general interest not only
in the proportion of high-school pupils studying foreign languages
but also in the proportion studying the several sciences and the com-
mercial subjects. The following tables show the enrollment, by
cities, of public high-school pupils in the subjects embraced by those
three groups of studies and have been prepared to meet such inquiries.
at a date earlier than the complete statistics of public high schools.
can be available for publication.
Statistics of enrollment in all subjects reported by public high
schools in cities having a population of less than 100,000, and in
rural communities, as well as in cities having a population of 100,000
or more, will be contained in the bulletin of statistics of public high
schools, 1921-22, now in preparation.
The statistics in the following tables include the pupils in secondary
grades of senior, junior, junior-senior, and regular four-year high
47034°-23-1
2
schools, and do not include pupils enrolled in the seventh and eighth
grades of junior high schools.
In the number of high schools reporting, a junior high school and
a senior high school, housed in the same building, and hence forming
a junior-senior high school, have been counted as one school.
The per cent of pupils enrolled in the several subjects is shown in
the following list:
I. Foreign languages:
Latin..
French..
Per cent of
high-school pupils
enrolled.
4.61
Per cent of
high-school pupils
enrolled.
II. Sciences (Continued);
Hygiene and sanitation..... 11.71
Physiology.
23.33
21.20
German.
1.50
Agriculture....
. 27
Spanish
21.09
Home economics..
12.47
Greek.
.27
Electricity...
. 23
Swedish.
.09
III. Commercial subjects:
Italian.
.06
Bookkeeping..
18.40
Norse.
.06
Shorthand.
13.54
Bohemian.
.02
Typewriting.
18.50
Hebrew..
.01
Commercial arithmetic...... 1.07
II. Sciences:
Commerical law.
1.06
Astronomy.
. 10
Commercial geography.
1.90
Physics....
8.59
Commercial history..
.82
Chemistry.
8.88
Economics.
3.78
General science.
14. 84
Penmanship..
2.53
Physical geography..
2.68
Salesmanship.
·46
Botany.
2.89
Arithmetic.
9.09
Zoology.
1.23
Office practice..
.90
Biology
8.96
Business organization.
.07
Geology..
. 17
Spelling...
.53
The following list shows those subjects which have been included
under the subjects which appear in the tables:
With physics have been included applied science (mainly mechan-
ics), elementary engineering, laboratory mechanics, strength of mate-
rials, mechanics, and optical projection.
With general science have been included related science and indus-
trial science.
With biology, museum work has been included.
With agriculture have been included vocational agriculture, farm
mechanics, floriculture, farm shop, beekeeping, and horticulture.
With home economics have been included sewing, cooking, first
aid, house planning, nursing, home nursing, household physics, milli-
nery, household chemistry, clothing, foods, house appliances, and
costume design.
With electricity have been included electric shop, electrical con-
struction, vocational electricity, advanced laboratory work (mainly
electricity), theory of electricity, and radio.
With bookkeeping have been included accounting, business train-
ing, elements of business, calculating machines, business forms,
3
finance, banking, business proceedings, business methods, arithmet-
ical bookkeeping, and office appliances.
With shorthand have been included secretarial practice and secre-
tarial training.
Commercial arithmetic includes commercial problems and rapid
calculation.
With commercial history have been included commerce, foreign
trade, industrial history, commerce and industry, and economic
history.
Penmanship includes business writing.
With salesmanship have been included advertising and retail
merchandising.
With office practice have been included business practice, clerical
practice, office organization, and office training.
Economics includes current problems.
Business organization includes transportation.
With arithmetic have been included general mathematics, house-
hold mathematics, farm mathematics, industrial mathematics,
printer's mathematics, shop mathematics, and vocational mathe-
matics.
It was evident from inspection of the statistical schedules that
frequently pupils studying commercial arithmetic were reported
under arithmetic. For this reason the enrollment under arithmetic
has been shown in the tables.
The enrollment in home economics has been included in the tables,
for comparison with other subjects, if desired, although it is recog-
nized that part of the work offered under home economics, of the
work offered under agriculture, and possibly of the work offered under
hygiene and sanitation, is not comparable with the work offered
under the other sciences included.
Commercial drawing, when reported, has not been tabulated as
a separate subject, but will be included with art, freehand drawing,
and design in the forthcoming tabulation of statistics of enrollment
in all subjects in high schools. Similarly, business English and com-
mercial correspondence have not been tabulated separately but will
be included under the general heading, English.
The small per cent of pupils reported as studying agriculture is
undoubtedly due to the fact that the statistics presented are ex-
clusively those of high schools in large cities.
The comparatively large per cents of pupils enrolled in general
science and in hygiene and sanitation are probably due to the fact
that those subjects of study are required of pupils in many high
schools.
4

TABLE 1.—Pupils studying foreign languages in public high schools in cities having a population of 100,000 or more, 1921–22.
Pupils enrolled.¹
Cities.
Schools
report-
ing.
Total.
Latin.
French.
German.
Spanish.
Greek.
Boys. Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
80
9
10
11
12
13
14
Total.
425
289, 736
300, 638
69, 700
68, 030
54, 590
70,580
5, 444
3, 411
Birmingham, Ala.
63, 114
61,392
1,050
543
Los Angeles, Calif.
3
ယ
2,000
2,505
707
905
66
305
Oakland, Calif.
20
9,680
10, 279
331
1, 128
1, 193
394
566
1,387
San Francisco, Calif
5
3,505
3,493
2,511
298
406
2,807
1
1
375
654
Denver, Colo
9
4,066
4,829
822
1, 253
1,581
725
636
Bridgeport, Conn.
10
3,695
1,618
4, 054
824
1,994
1,094
2,548
4
10
290
641
Hartford, Conn.
1
1,526
851
1,608
916
583
261
612
594
11
New Haven, Conn.
1
1,935
1,910
197
363
741
443
707
1, 193
102
Wilmington, Del.
2
2,364
2,508
934
445
569
750
175
Washington, D. C.
2
1,088
1, 152
8888
69
130
141
21
13
102
255
413
395
263
282
Atlanta, Ga.
Chicago, Ill.
94
5, 135
133
5,916
1,376
165
1,799
1,275
1,664
56
88
560
2,384
506
1,116
930
1,330
77
606
Indianapolis, Ind..
Des Moines, Iowa
Kansas City, Kans
Louisville, Ky
New Orleans, La
Baltimore, Md.
Boston, Mass
Cambridge, Mass.
24
25, 714
167
23, 124
631
4.266
4,172
60
2, 188
3
~2
331
3,386
551
485
4,325
1, 294
4, 739
1,624
3,789
6
14
269
571
2,069
2,336
686
585
12
317
28
412
68
289
1,089
146
1,348
134
161
283
40
101
2,501
2, 883
44
114
872
990
479
653
22
3
1,243
77
527
2, 126
407
300
324
161
585
10
4, 454
492
4,757
486
1,063
1,938
2,732
.2, 024
27
10, 418
32
11, 033
366
518
2,144
42
2, 105
4,744
•
Fall River, Mass.
2
4,864
896
72
1,851
1,594
462
2,257
346
1,663
195
55
587
526
Lowell, Mass
1,029
68
16
189
995
345
291
163
317
281
31
New Bedford, Mass.
2
5
978
1, 152
312
327
335
439
20
Springfield, Mass
1
672
1
780
889
60
68
37
3
30
49
145
62
261
Worcester, Mass
9
2, 124
2,312
468
516
745
729
102
Detroit, Mich..
4
2,211
2,606
40
825
686
872
1,031
Grand Rapids, Mich.
12
99
9, 209
72
9, 494
2, 464
2,310
1,027
Minneapolis,
Minn.
5
114
2,083
16
2,400
027
84
74
309
477
46
2
964
697
342
29
36
485
154
317
St. Paul, Minn
6
6, 224
132
6, 125
92
1,048
1,382
599
Kansas City, Mo.
St. Louis, Mo.
Omaha, Nebr.
Camden, N. J.
4
2,637
1,447
59
2,994
54
666
785
827
937
3
3
368
582
6
4, 251
406
4, 946
340
891
1, 135
320
693
7
6,797
559
7,285
1,315
814
1, 246
492
3
1,710
1,394
2,005
575
1,588
720
1,860
467
550
920
906
89
228
67
201
432
360
208
359
∞ LO ∞ 2
8
10
4
3
4
1

Jersey City, N. J.
Newark, N. J.
Paterson, N. J.
Trenton, N. J.
Albany, N. Y
Buffalo, N. Y..
New York, N. Y
Rochester, N. Y
Syracuse, N. Y
Yonkers, N. Y..
Akron, Ohio..
27130
3, 023
3,029
6.57
446
569
544
590
696
9
1
4,670
4, 179
2, 112
843
762
930
335
358
1, 497
2,041
1,646
2,259
451
460
352
338
665
533
1,082
1, 142
307
302
167
96
74
71
1
878
944
384
345
225
216
40
30
125
119
5
5, 139
4,598
1,519
1, 857
903
968
329
253
436
226
49
22
46
54, 653
53, 381
12, 242
9,648
14,494
15, 222
1,862
1,100
20, 003
5
2,794
2,846
16,559
77
108
1, 155
1,068
838
810
83
30
234
140
45
6
2,577
40
461
839
797
714
755
33
69
40
32
1
1, 242
1,343
367
275
293
256
189
216
4
2,069
2,298.
620
704
451
453
Cincinnati, Ohio.
175
129
7
3, 585
3,628
1, 154
1, 179
527
880
Cleveland, Ohio
1,384
18
9,492
1,226
9, 146
1,721
1,746
1, 495
1,972
900
Columbus, Ohio
799
15
3,494
4,088
771
916
629
Dayton, Ohio.
$26
791
757
3
1,688
2, 007
620
842
370
419
153
Toledo, Ohio
671
3
2,566
2,521
457
457
386
582
470
Youngstown, Ohio
283
2
1, 572
1,451
604
538
235
245
239
Portland, Oreg
193
8
4, 764
5, 163
1,512
1,852
290
815
Philadelphia,
714
Pa
726
12
12, 767
14, 262
4,413
2,823
3,745
4, 293
108
Pittsburgh, Pa.
11
3,009
7,425
2, 866
229
8, 131
2,272
1,888
1,061
1,213
27
44
Reading, Pa.
615
398
16
Scranton, Pa.
Providence, R. I..
Nashville, Tenn
Dallas, Tex.
Fort Worth, Tex
Houston, Tex
San Antonio, Tex.
Salt Lake City, Utah
Norfolk, Va.
Richmond,
Va.
Seattle, Wash
Spokane, Wash.
Milwaukee, Wis
2252 TSH CD LG C725748
145
4
1,024
1, 188
421
325
301
357
411
44
13
1,400
1,396
321
341
236
386
83
69
373
291
2,668
2,678
614
415
604
772
64
58
261
342
76
39
1,098
1,514
399
618
29
101
114
2,679
106
3, 147
686
833
49
208
1, 704
2, 111
1,040
1, 137
468
784
27
162
365
941
1, 146
1,462
561
648
60
195
697
775
2,091
2,465
229
280
49
50
853
977
1,790
1, 938
173
223
288
423
444
416
1,080
1, 427
298
435
150
372
230
197
1, 747
2,495
509
697
217
647
343
400
5,030
457
578
715
644
1,227
1, 193
823
2, 152
2,635
637
920
412
734
618
622
4,506
4,297
687
651
186
514
272
294
543
568
47034°-23
1 The following enrollment in other languages was reported: Italian, total, boys 280, girls 50: reported from San Francisco, Calif., boys 38, girls 10; New York, N. Y., boys 238,
girls 37; and Rochester, N. Y., boys 4, girls 3; Hebrew, reported from Chicago, Ill., boys 43, girls 30; Bohemian, reported from Chicago, Ill., boys 112, girls 21; Swedish, reported
from Minneapolis, Minn., boys 132, girls 416; Norse, reported from Minneapolis, Minn., boys 123, girls 245.
6

Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
TABLE 2.-Pupils studying sciences in public high schools in cities having a population of 100,000 or more, 1921-22.
Boys.
Girls.
General
Astron-
Physical
Geol-
Cities.
Physics. Chemistry. science.
Botany.
Zoology.
Biology.
Hygiene
Physiology. and
Home
Agri-
culture.
omy.
geography.
ogy.
sanitation.
eco-
nomics.
Boys.
Girls.
Pupils enrolled.¹
Total
1
2
Birmingham, Ala
දය
1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11
12
13 14 15
16
17 18 19 20 21 2
22 23 24 25 26 27
286 29936, 743 13, 961 34,994 17, 461 50, 174 37, 449 7, 233 8,569 7,354 9,741 4,490 2,808 25, 448 27, 433 530 449 13,389 13, 85232, 025 37, 108 1,309 342 767 72, 826
Boys.
Girls.
219
173 239 209 7341 854
103
79
61 42
Los Angeles, Calif.
$65
137 1,270
715 1,318 1,062
147 186
61
85
15
10
512 804 41 4
66 119
3311 620
66 119
462 1,811
79 149 107 248
332 95 249 3,108
Oakland, Calif.
254
73 376
San Francisco, Calif.
Denver, Colo..
56 63
29 602 201 675
376 104
277
341 634 274
696 462 414 574
133] 7741 762
19
591
35
40
73
133
63
140
43
962
258
9
8
663
983
62
194
402
841
1
1,992
37
23
126
195
29
55
87
125 20
14
22
85
19
1,039
Bridgeport, Conn
342
107 111)
113] 276] 164
54
132
374
Hartford, Conn
21 40
122
11]
160
56
194
92
264
278 28 44
65
77
157
New Haven, Conn
312
220
200
68
508
765
105
2
158 685
813
Wilmington, Del.
166
86
561
23
164 136
82
Washington, D. C..
688
66
127 109
54
123
13
676
502
374 701
6.59
Atlanta, Ga.
199
89
Chicago, Ill.
57
44
319 276 352 463 121
70 321
767 451
2,810 1,061 2,112 1,016 7,288 4,764 1,023
75
74
67
153
388
125
218
125
181
1,503
692]
152
122
211
13
425
617 1,492 1,421 1,533
843
293
49
115,652 1,936
316
342
357
5, 171
Indianapolis, Ind
Des Moines, Iowa.
5
10 518 126 285 231
93
15
171
198
97
360 1201
78
66
74 8
10
60
43
16
628
133
57
94
20
339
306
34
16
18
7
108
721
86
61
12
16
531
Kansas City, Kans.
Louisville, Ky
New Orleans, La.
148
71
90
125 215
164
49 147
97
77
34
62
649
387
75
303
218
191
71
177
25 199
23
5
32
360
142
355
81 131
78
8
70
320|
149
93
111
Baltimore, Md
920
462 832
299 1431 110
171
144
133
153
92
815
3,372
Boston, Mass.
2, 185
722 1,163
925 2,438 1,713
244
202
2
31
251
924
408
361 2,519 2,520
39
1,541
Cambridge, Mass.
180
85 181
66 490 233
Fall River, Mass.
Lowell, Mass.
New Bedford, Mass
Springfield, Mass..
Worcester, Mass.
Detroit, Mich.
Grand Rapids, Mich
Minneapolis, Minn
St. Paul, Minn.
Kansas City, Mo
1 201
175
81 94
78 164 309
18
22
10 201
65
72
1 20
201
45
500
24
35 120
84
76
25
11
37
24
35
22
59
44
20
351
54
168 329
3 10
392
276 455
114 294 357
9
15
135
3
16
37
39
260
366
777
298 184 222
759
339 1,492
138 220 564
630 528 536
106 151
25
54
1
11
481
446
239
110
26
2
163
53
101 114
684
895 166 136
27
59
36U
368
2,697
81
13 117 56 354
612 2511 383 224 1,289
220 104 171 132
4341 234 375
398
929
56
99
66
43
30
35
12
10
275
260 318
120
289
540
405
55
85 105
6
22
2
14
151
182
19
13
•
2611 619) 695
132 175
169
3341 278
299
851
107
2441
261
90
1,564
857
2❘ 2,497
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.

7
រ

St. Louis, Mo.
·
•
•
1,539
Omaha, Nebr.
Camden, N. J.
Jersey City, N. J.
28
112
97
995
5231 9051 3631
55 60
5851 7601 4021
3981 3441
7331
3891
6371
·
•
-
1,348
93
98
63
69
60
76
138
183
22
19
22
19
14
519
113
85
88
17
195
151
7
8
56
275
30
Newark, N. J.
Paterson, N. J
364 294 251 246 963
804 283
138 11
778
349
285
124
114
9
16
288
454
74 368
455
18
18]
91
48
801
490
428
88
58
894
144
40 229
452
25
16
87
141
252
Trenton, N. J
2601 71
341 38
467
460
469
534
240
Albany, N. Y
130 158
45 105] 97
112
322
192
Buffalo, N. Y
New York, N. Y
Rochester, N. Y
Syracuse, N._Y.
Yonkers, N. Y
Akron, Ohio..
Cincinnati, Ohio.
14
9
158 307
697 381 165 90 311
5,661 1,351 9,754 1,478 5, 442
5,442| 2,826|
392 171 208 297 134
479 91 105
33 14] 97
3041 2531 270
479
153 190
5
7
583 683
2. 135
287 1,200
154
353
12,977 11,716|
2,241 3,255 22,018 24,762
50
9.537
144
801 27
2
19
611 734
1,300 1,200
S
203
46
53
140
98
64
44
759
694
192
278 1,159
21 108
57
168
39
272
199
268
326 383)
142|
164
49 100
554
2911 9961
509
102
222
63
18
341 39
5681 540
901 106
28
31
1,191
Cleveland, Ohio.
1,743
796 1,885
939 4,410 1,952
439
218
92
650
160! 334
129
538
724
648
167
44
51
1,982
Columbus, Ohio.
306
174 501
417
6
52
31
29
200
244
97
98
945 1,001
82
951
171
194
5 1,096
Dayton, Ohio.
106
87 154
135
130
20
91 121
32
38
200 150
305
Toledo, Ohio.
193
118 214
121 197
189
71
78
206
174
12
91
179
175
98
28
6
206
Youngstown, Ohio.
1511 23 142
Portland, Oreg..
1,469
Philadelphia,
Pa
641
2,793
511 225
220 560 299 1,647 911
662 1,706 1,384 4,779 4, 858
2301
551 45
152
126
392
20
68
94
163
320 313
152
237
142
15
7 1,392
704 619 732 132
860 1,377
49
164 1,383
45
477
3, 161
Pittsburgh, Pa.
403
821 801
350 2,465 1,395
297
313 344
289 305 226
1,229 1,233
3,549
Reading, Pa
2321
32] 150
32 772 575
59
481
553
47
25
132
Scranton, Pa..
181
138 126
19 500 474
18
201
·
-
54
Providence, R. I
538
305
365 106
850
723
38
42
282
45
75
275
Nashville, Tenn.
28
7
72
26
1261
173
231
268
658
Dallas, Tex.
416
222
263
309
61
26
5
9
S
6
14]
1
54
167
8
31
858
Fort Worth, Tex.
89
57 182 162
22
166
32
27
51
701
2
5
537
Houston, Tex,
135
36 100
56
149
141
96
133
144
1611 871
150
332
San Antonio, Tex.
107 120
80
92 162 208
101
121
85
97
125
204 120
93
44
27 23
864
Salt Lake City, Utah.
138
71 105
39
461 506
18
20]
27
401
95
81
81
108 1,595 1,530
468
Norfolk, Va.
121
191
66
98
73 146 148
106
14
30
134
166
561
Richmond,
Va.
851
Seattle, Wash.
Spokane, Wash.
13
Milwaukee, Wis
801 217 232 14
801 207 586 609 782
327 239 433 525 389
421 164 535 230 1,580
85 444
310
886
553
147 158
64
101
24
66
24
66
83
426 848 132
134
12
13
2
2,590
158 206 209
751
811
597 326 3441
192
261 17
231 15
139
1, 104
810
1 The following enrollment in electricity was reported: Total, boys, 1,335; reported from Los Angeles, Calif., 236; San Francisco, Calif., 273; Chicago, Ill., 94; Boston, Mass., 52;
Fall River, Mass., 93; St. Paul, Minn., 12; Philadelphia, Pa., 625; Pittsburgh, Pa., 123; Salt Lake City, Utah, 39; and Richmond, Va., 24.
8

Boys.
Girls
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
TABLE 3.-Pupils studying commercial subjects in public high schools in cities having a population of 100,000 or more, 1921–22.
Pupils enrolled.¹
Book-
Short-
Cities.
Туре-
keeping.
hand.
writing. arithmetic.
Commercial Commerical Commercial Commercial Econom-
law. geography. history.
Penman-Salesman-
Arithmetic.
ics.
ship.
ship.
Office
practice.
Spelling.
Los Angeles, Calif.
43 233
232 1,556
461 232
9
48
505 2,074
97
274 237 195
Oakland, Calif.
180 518
297 625
San Francisco, Calif.
687 1,229
654 1,671 1,006 2, 159
Total
1
2
3
4
***
Birmingham, Ala
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 13 1 14 15
10
16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
32, 843 75, 75815, 951 63, 964 28, 18081, 016 2, 685 3, 648 3, 386 2, 901 5, 233 6, 007 2, 476 2, 384 12, 5999, 726 6, 241 8, 688 1, 1721, 515 21, 022 32, 685 3824, 932 1, 125 2,011
41 193
916 1,543
2281 535
2:23
7 14
7 14
46
66
64
69
283 355 285 479 131 267
249 263
49 1061
817 1,304
253 643
16
6
214 227
384 2381 8
52
Denver, Colo.
249 413
78 434
477 975
9
16
37
18
13
21
19
61
77 72
35
82
21
31
25
69
35 82
Bridgeport, Conn.
111
372
66 3511 108
369
19
72
81
48
13
77
16
25 66 150
18
12
66
128
Hartford, Conn
3951 969
5
316
D
316
2
32|
New Haven, Conn.
251
804
158
$22
220
681
46
244
210 534|
241
628
451 219
-
Wilmington, Del.
29
78
29
101
33
90
31
61
3
35
87
Washington, D. C…….
476
664
514 1,156
759 1,460
50
16
167
81
79
130
10
18
148
154
140
185
332
751
Atlanta, Ga.
175 436
100 242
125 515
517
2941
Chicago, Ill.
1,856 2,722
89 8,588 1,525 9, 232
4
ས
2
28
3
530
730 186
320
311
263 45
164
79
72 1,876 4,818
5 26
Indianapolis, Ind.
133 392
74 620
230 1,006
58
108
26
49 192
165
100
77
6
30
16
10
9
33
5
28
Des Moines, Iowa.
Kansas City, Kans..
Louisville, Ky
New Orleans, La.
279 493
67 568
101 516
73
52
70
58
85
113
128
112]
57
78
271 58
180 717
253 509
2
8.8 268
186 842
67
461 183
23
2
73 61
61
28!
105 329!
50
52
61
150
35'
144]
361
146
528
144
223
914
161
27 50
298
Baltimore, Md.
Boston, Mass
Cambridge, Mass.
Fall River, Mass
338 1,669
186 1,982
280 2,118
137
24
54
105
34
116 246
40
33
33
881
3, 410 4, 882
638 2,576
987 3,015
417
36
862 597
649
402 190
223
134
1,056
573
42 121.
·
392 842
36 348
144 347
38'
83
195
39 121
15
84
36 167
11
51
198
193
Lowell, Mass.
168 520
56
268
501 248
179
147
169
121
8
72
New Bedford, Mass.
158) 305
59
120
65 130
141
24
29
47
51
88
15 40
167
257
Springfield, Mass.
Worcester, Mass.
Detroit, Mich
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Minneapolis, Minn..
St. Paul, Minn.
Kansas City, Mo.
St. Louis, Mo.
684 1,966
273
244 474
235 1,074
309 555
1, 227 2,916]
2081 748
32
382
58 671
33
34
175
47
57 100
236 213
167 338
150 804
260 410
144 153
102
2391
30
94
271 2,149
588 3,515
34
31
40
160
185 126 20
70
25
116
906 1,319
664
111 346
181 450
319 3301
26 16
647
766
237 1,115
176 491
145
789 2,493
356 1,404
321
133
279
214
90
247
297
694
219 238 282 277
29
2
260
511
1
21
328 786
143
106
213
319
187 177
4361 780 27
2
655
280
980
1.4|
6
33
38
87 98
9
12
128 149
19
949 2,696
170
149 330 506 410
665
395 739
168
141
564 842 6
6
77 147
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.
Boys.
Girls.




9

Omaha, Nebr
Camden, N. J
Jersey City, N. J.
Newark, N. J
Paterson, N. J.
Trenton, N. J
208
1251 165 16/ 109 213 3321
82 361 16 93
205 323 376 200
3871 963 110 968
197 410 85
389
181
21
721
641
38 200
51
36
81
341
62
383
661
791
113
2241
226
42
143
392 1,181
25
41
38
57
17
46
12 121
1, 090
538
95 896
72
268
135
218
390
955
230
831 224
21
23
34
851
56
86 60 257
20
34
119
307
60
257
97 249
225 499
142 261
65]
153
45
13
23
79
153
Albany, N. Y
71 153
25 147
91 239
Buffalo, N. Y
173 218
New York, N. Y
7,975 23, 275|
204 535 113 331
3,616|13, 490 9,317 19, 281
194
292
72
66
174
254
249 68 491 346
410
260
806
653 269
714
170
12
23 5,749 3, 031|1, 031
452
50
115
3,712 2, 871 154 3, 145|
Rochester, N. Y.
Syracuse, N. Y
253 728
722 611 278 817
85
233
74
82
135
272
90 94 54
196
27
16
31
169
132 521
Yonkers, N. Y.
182
33 532
474 127 448 194 462
26 327
80
63
50
69
175
275
169 172 238 392
573
60
Akron, Ohio.
168 353
160 243 165 193
21
96
7
16
48
68
65
60
Cincinnati, Ohio.
501 1,033]
327 661
349 739
111
355
68 15
101
218
Cleveland, Ohio.
728 2,280
313 1,384
476 1,589
59
150| 159
292
26
124
2451 2661 113
420
14
611
847
792]
Columbus, Ohio.
294 638
167 1,022
163 1,032
115
35
103
135
131
394
Dayton, Ohio.
284
414
70 345
260 545
26
24
72
70
-
Toledo, Ohio.
187 246
117
325
124 328
63]
155
76
51
89
113
Youngstown, Ohio..
109 209
86
310
92 340
20
39
33
37
85
78
20
30
75
52
Portland, Oreg.
309 767
Philadelphia, Pa..
Pittsburgh, Pa
Reading, Pa.
Scranton, Pa.
Providence, R. I.
Nashville, Tenn..
Dallas, Tex.
195
121 622
1,768 3,931 1, 032 2, 496
1,036 2, 104 593 2,007 1,089 2,529
184 241 138 238 233] 240
116 356 102 278 99 279
405 931 41 385
147 142] 82 252 1411
157 111 252❘ 99
351 1,035
44
102
201
31
98 163) 167 374
5
9
297 975 53
123
12
44
985 2,613
142
32
41
3051 149
79
1,042
687 562 465
62
285 1,967
874
264
98
130 278
2771
232
60
72
98 220 362 976
19
18
761 1,548
121
400
98
29
27
87
44
65
33]
30
107 148
331
30
90 573
47
153
317
356
336
40
32
27
91
14
13 276
311
60
102
245
199
353
27
9
110
115
23
17
Fort Worth, Tex.
85
841 34
146
78
170
77
61
86 68
35
13
52 48
57
51
Houston, Tex
49
184
56
133 183
343
19
29
San Antonio, Tex.
116
133
119
147 221 287
22
28
53
59
Salt Lake City, Utah
189
3531
31 170 308
572
17
18
17
18]
65
119
76
92
270
287
76
92
Norfolk, Va
53 195
32 187
Richmond,
Va.
170 1,203
561 290
Seattle, Wash
4041 683
158 905
53 2391
153 383
576 1,481
8
7
92
241
-
69 92
574
875
61
82
888
50
Spokane, Wash.
Milwaukee, Wis.
338 507
880 1,433
158 4331 174) 445
154 9551 280 970 125
31
175
35
:522
46
100
214 251 280 534
155 155
4041
676 6 41 280
534
190
296
29 248
417
83 35 318 483
49
50
462
691 22 101 280
411
1 The following enrollment in business organization was reported: Total, boys 254, girls 131; reported from Washington, D. C., boys 55, girls 78; Des Moines, Iowa, boys 50, girls
40; Jersey City, N. J., boys 6, girls 13; and Philadelphia, Pa., boys 143.
ADDITIONAL COPIES
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AT
5 CENTS PER COPY
PURCHASER agreeS NOT TO RESELL OR DISTRIBUTE THIS
COPY FOR PROFIT.-PUB. RES. 57, APPROVED MAY 11, 1922
隔
​ahi.
די
2
L
А66
A 66 Statistical Circular No. 3.
no,3
OCT 1 1923
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF EDUCATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
June, 1923.
SCHOOL SUPPORT AND SCHOOL INDEBTEDNESS
IN CITIES.
(Prepared by the Statistical Division of the Bureau of Education under the super-
vision of Florence DuBois, Statistician.)
Statistics of school support and school indebtedness in 105 cities
reporting to the Bureau of Education for 1921-22 are shown in the
following tables. The cities selected are those which replied promptly
to a questionnaire regarding support and indebtedness which was
issued supplementary to the blank for fiscal statistics of city schools
used for reports to the Bureau of Education. Due heed was given,
also, to the distribution throughout the United States of the cities
chosen, so far as possible. The cities have been divided into three
groups, according to population, in order that each city may be
compared with other cities and with the average of the population
group in which it is found.
The school tax rates reported include State, county, and local
taxes for schools, for both maintenance and debt purposes. In
those cities in which the assessed valuation of property was reported.
as less than the estimated true property value the tax rate upon the
estimated true property value has been computed in order that the
tax rates of the several cities may be comparable.
The total school indebtedness reported, consisting of the sum of
school bunds outstanding and other forms of debt, has been compared
with the estimated true property value in each city in order that com-
parison may be made between cities regarding the burden of school
indebtedness in proportion to the value of taxable property. The
column giving the estimated true property value per capita of total
population indicates the differences in average wealth among the
several cities. This information, when considered in connection
with the relation of school indebtedness to true property value, aids
in judging the ability of a given city, compared with other cities, to
undertake further school indebtedness.
The per cent which the value of school property is of the estimated
true property value of the city and the average per cent for the cities
in each group show the extent to which a given city exceeds or falls
short of the average of the group in the proportionate value of public
school property.
51995°-23

Cities.
Taxation, bonds, property values, and valuations in 105 city public school systems, 1921–22.
GROUP I.-TWENTY-FIVE CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE.
Popula-
tion,
census
of 1920.
Taxation.
Bonds and sinking funds
(thousands of dollars).
School property.
School
Esti-
indebt- mated
edness true
Ratio
assessed
Esti-
mated
School
tax rate
(mills
Assessed
valuation
valua-
tion to
of property
esti-
true
property
School
tax rate
on esti-
mated
School
Total
for each property
$1,000 of
Other
esti-
bonds
amount
forms of
mated
true
out-
in
value
school
true
per
(thousands
mated
(thou-
dollar).
of dollars).
true
property
value
stand-
debts.
sands of
ing.
sinking
fund.
property
value.
dollars).
(mills per
dollar).
property
value.
value
per
capita
total
popula-
Value
(thou-
sands of
dollars).
tion.
Per cent
of esti-
mated
true
property
value
of city.
1
પ
2
3
4
J
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Denver, Colo.
256, 491
9.57
374,222
Chicago, Ill.
2,701,705
26.50
1,707,818
영웅
​100
374,222
9.57
2,350
$6.28
$1,459
8,147
2.2
50
Indianapolis, Ind.
3,415, 636
13.25
9,025
2.64
314, 194
1,264
86, 447
2.5
9.89
585,901
100
585, 901
9.89
Louisville, Ky.
8,421
COO
15.40
242,068
6. e0
269, 560
1,865
12, 191
2.1
100
269,560
6.00
Springfield, Mass.
1,966
127
7.29
129, 614
1,114
4,472
1.7
8.72
240,876
100
240, 876
8.72
Grand Rapids, Mich.
3, 730
C07
15.49
137,634
1,858
7.188
3.0
11.37
210,557
100
210,557
11.37
Minneapolis, Minn.
2,384
11.32
1,530
4,617
2.2
380,582
15.95
261,598
33
784.794
5.73
Kansas City, Mo.
13,500
1,161
17.21
324,410
9.
2,062
13.469
1.7
573,000
GO
St. Louis, Mo.
955,000
5.70
10,798
2,757
11.31
772,897
8.80
1,116,561
2,944
13,886
1.5
100
Omaha, Nebr.
1,116,561
8.80
3,000
575
2.69
1,445
22, 137
2.0
191,601
12.00
314,309
100
314,309
12.00
Camden, N. J
6,149
1,500
283
24.34
116,309
1,640
12,453
4.0
11.50
125,003
100
125,003
11.50
Newark, N. J.
2,630
40
300
21.04
1,075
414.524
12.28
3,132
2.5
546,655
100
546, 655
12.28
Yonkers, N. Y.
12,301
100, 176
1,958
22.50
1,319
14,097
2.6
10.63
180, 282
100
Akron, Ohio.
180,282
10.63
3,711
20.58
1,800
208, 435
9.15
353,000
4,946
2.7
100
353,000
9.15
Cincinnati, Ohio.
6, 641
183
18.81
1,693
10, 642
3.0
401,247
6.68
770,000
100
770,000
6.68
Columbus, Ohio
8,954
1,270
11.63
1,919
237,031
16,545
2.1
9.64
385,000
100
385,000
9.64
Dayton, Ohio.
2,568
687
6. 67
1,624
152,559
4,500
1.2
9.96
239, 886
75
319,848
7.47
Toledo, Ohio..
3,985
72
12.46
243, 164
8.98
474, 822
2,097
4,612
1.4
100
474, 822
Philadelphia, Pa.
8.98
10,588
.1,823, 779
1,069
22.30
1,953
8.00
10, 439
2.2
2,206, 083
75
Pittsburgh, Pa.
2,941, 444
6.00
15,500
3,378
5.27
1,613
41,615
1.4
588, 343
8.50
825,022
100
825,022
Reading, Pa..
8.50
9,826
3,053
107,784
2,013
15.61
10.00
1,402
22,728
2.8
95,925
85
112,853
8.49
Scranton, Pa.
1,391
268
12.33
1,047
137,783
10.00
4,222
3.7
103,677
75
138, 236
12.00
Nashville, Tenn
1,335
275
9.66
118,342
4.23
1,003
3,725
2.7
117,000
100
117,000
4.23
Salt Lake City, Utah
945
1
8.08
989
2,251
1.9
118, 110
13.00
195,000
100
Spokane, Wash.
195,000
13.00
3,616
72
18.54
1,651
104, 437
6,343
23.89
3.3
86, 229
50
172, 458
11.95
2,092
465
12.13
1,651
5,986
3.5
Average.
9.13
9.58
1,543
2.1



GROUP II.-FORTY CITIES OF 30,000 TO 100,000 POPULATION.
Berkeley, Calif.
56,036
25.11
59,837
San Diego, Calif.
74, 683
23.00
57,890
Waterbury, Conn.
91,715
10.40
130,000
Augusta, Ga.
52,548
10.00
47,262
Danville, Ill.
33, 776
27.00
16,693
Rock Island, Ill
35, 177
27.50
13,000
Springfield,
Ill.
59, 183
27.50
31,448
Gary, Ind
55,378
8.40
133,909
Kokomo, Ind.
30,067
6.95
49,065
Muncie, Ind.
36,524
10.70
55,000
South Bend, Ind
70,983
9.80
133,012
Davenport, Iowa
56, 727
52.28
19,016
Topeka, Kans.
50,022
11.45
76, 468
Wichita, Kans.
72,217
13.50
109,093
Covington, Ky
57.121
8.00
34, 961
Lewiston, Me..
31,791
7.21
30, 262
Chelsea, Mass..
43, 184
13.32
41, 106
}
Taunton, Mass.
37, 137
8.50
37,372
Battle Creek, Mich.
36, 164
13.28
49, 181
Highland Park, Mich.
46,499
8.50
136,656
Jackson, Mich.
48,374
7.00
82,380
Kalamazoo, Mich.
48,487
12.94
Lansing, Mich.
57,327
6.93
68, 229
125,032
Duluth, Minn
98,917
22.60
73,957
Manchester, N. H
78,384
5.00
107,454
East Orange, N. J.
50,710
11.05
76,425
Passaic, N. J
63,841
13.03
66,969
Auburn, N. Y.
36, 192
15.43
26,688
Elmira, N. Y.
45,393
9.62
42.823
Mount Vernon, N. Y
42,726
11.28
76,861
Newburgh, N. Y
30,366
10.10
27,000
85
Niagara Falls, N. Y
50,760
6.12
102, 321
90
Muskogee, Okla.
30,277
18.02
30,911
50
Oklahoma, Okla..
•
91, 295
15.60
123,638
Harrisburg, Pa..
75,917
13.50
65,947
60
Hazleton, Pa
32,277
17.75
21,941
McKeesport, Pa.
46,781
18.00
>
33,882
60
Tacoma, Wash.
96,965
23.62
63,488
50
Charleston, W. Va.
39, 608
11.20
53,286
Wheeling, W. Va.
56, 208
8. 10
73,536
20880282888888828*888*882288888888
70
85, 481
17.58
2,984
50
115,780
11.50
1,781
85
35
55
$34.91
$1,525
4,005
4.7
15.38
1,550
3,765
3.3
130,000
10.40
2,077
15.98
60
1,417
5,512
4.2
78,770
6.00
50
.63
50
1,499
33,386
13.50
1,060
1.4
107
3.20
988
938
2.8
25
52,000
6.88
400
7.69
1,478
329
.6
50
62,896
13.75
715
11.37
1,063
5,588
8.9
133,909
8.40
843
37
6.30
2,418
49,065
1,872
1.4
6.95
311
4
6.42
1,632
55,000
10.70
1,174
2.4
970
95
15
17.64
1,506
133, 012
1,472
2.7
9.80
1,925
275
16.54
1,874
25
4,740
3.6
76,065
13.07
1,023
22
13.45
76, 468
1,341
11.45
3,004
3.9
322
16
4. 21
109,093
1,528
1,431
1.9
13.50
2,462
134
101
23. SO
67
52, 442
1,511
5.33
2,900
2.7
424
104
33
10.07
916
67
45,393
4.81
1,105
2.1
1,428
486
1.1
41, 106
13.32
1,204
25
425
29.90
952
1,774
4.3
37,372
8.50
310
55
8.29
1,006
75
65,575
9.96
460
1,058
2.8
7.01
75
182, 208
1,813
720
1.1
6.38
2,762
543
15.16
3,919
82,380
4, 192
2.3
7.00
845
10.26
85,286
10.35
1,703
129
2.6
1,673
19.62
1,759
434
125,032
6.93
4.0
10
29
.08
2,181
391
33
221,871
2.7
7.53
2,422
34
10.92
2,243
184
2.3
107,454
5.00
2,521
40
23.83
1,371
2,288
2.1
76,425
11.05
1,955
242
25.58
1,507
66,969
13.03
1,035
2,421
3.2
951
40.5
29.66
84
31,771
1,049
2,115
3.2
12.96
248
7.81
878
919
90
2.9
47,581
8.67
178
3.74
1,048
1,388
2.9
76,861
11.28
1,620
21.08
1,799
31,765
8.59
2,076
2.7
300
9.44
1,046
854
2.7
113,690
5.51
3,466
30.49
2,239
61,822
3,517
3.1
9.01
1,410
523
22.81
2,042
1,412
2.3
123,638
15.60
3,717
1,216
30.06
109,912
1,354
6, 119
8.10
4.9
2,207
17
145
20.23
1,448
27,426
14.20
2, 862
2.6
800
38
30.55
850
1,147
4.2
56,470
10.80
1,224
139
21.68
1,207
2,962
126,976
5.2
11.81
745
57
90
6.32
1,310
3,818
53, 286
11.20
3.0
1,401
342
26.29
1,345
2,875
89,678
5.4
6.64
90
1.00
1,595
1,368
1.5
Average.
9.64
15.23
1,551
3.0
1-01
yt




4
Cities.
Taxation, bonds, property values, and valuations in 105 city public school systems, 1921-22-Continued.
GROUP III.-FORTY CITIES OF 10,000 TO 30,000 POPULATION.
Popula-
tion,
census
of 1920.
Taxation.
Bonds and sinking funds
(thousands of dollars).
School property.
School
Esti-
indebt- mated
Ratio
assessed
School
tax rate
Assessed
valua-
Esti-
mated
true
valuation
(mills
of property
tion to
esti-
School
tax rate
on esti-
mated
edness
for each
true
School
Total
$1,000 of
Other
esti-
bonds
amount
property
value
forms of
mated
true
out-
in
school
per
(thousands
mated
dollar).
of dollars).
(thou-
true
property
value
stand-
debts.
sands of
ing.
sinking
fund.
property
value
per
capita
true total
property popula-
value.
Value
(thou-
sands of
dollars).
property
value.
dollars).
(mills per
dollar).
tion.
Per cent
of esti-
mated
true
property
value
of city.
1
2
3
1
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Selma, Ala
Boulder, Colo
15,589
9.00
10,391
38
27,345
3.42
63
7
11,006
17.05
12,612
6.8
18,547
11.59
156
25
$2.56
9.76
$1.754
293
1.1
1,685
332
1.8
Belleville, Ill.
24,823
23.20
8, 184
50
16,368
11.60
203
15
12.40
659
510
3.1
Cairo, Ill
15,203
19.70
6,638
50
13,276
9.85
10
.75
873
405
3.1
Galesburg, Il
23,834
26.90
12,022
50
24,044
13.45
1,009
914
3.8
Elkhart, Ind.
24.277
11 81
36,789
100
36,789
11.81
1,515
1.235
3.4
Jeffersonville, Ind.
10,098
10.10
7,562
100
7,562
10.10
59
6
7.80
749
274
3.6
Logansport, Ind.
21,626
12.10
24,404
100
24,404
12.10
204
8.36
1,128
496
2.0
New Albany, Ind
22,992
12.48
16,790
75
22,387
9.36
126
10
6.07
974
690
3.1
Mason City, Iowa
20,065
23.75
18,953
50
37,906
11.88
781
33
21.47
1,889
2.500
6.6
Arkansas City, Kans
11.253
16.50
14,680
100
14,680
16.50
427
29.09
1,305
859
5.8
Hutchinson, Kans.
23,298
12.70
35,798
100
35,798
12.70
641
13
17.91
1,537
1,266
3.5
Independence,
Kans.
11,920
16.50
15,654
100
15,654
16.50
535
34.18
1,313
724
4.6
Owensboro, Ky
17,424
9.00
15,310
୫୦
19,138
7.20
300
15 68
1,098
482
2.5
Paducah, Ky.
24.735
9.00
16,500
60
27,500
5.40
247
20
9.71
1,112
750
2.7
Ann Arbor, Mich.
19,516
10.30
34,705
80
43,381
8.24
893
20.59
2,223
2,200
5.1
Calumet, Mich
22,369
13.00
17,796
70
25,423
9.10
30
1. 18
1,137
350
1.4
Holland, Mich.
12, 183
10.44
13.901
100
13,901
10.44
378
5
27.55
1.141
700
5.0
Carthage, Mo
10,068
14.00
7,800
100
7,800
14.00
280
17
38.08
775
712
9.1
Columbia, Mo
10,392
11.50
11,734
75
15,645
8.63
252
16.11
1,505
725
4.6
Jefferson City, Mo
14,190
8.00
13,500
80
16,875
6.40
139
2
8.24
1,165
470
2.8
Moberly, Mo
12, 808
10.00
9,000
50
18,000
5.00
110
6.11
1,405
549
3.1
Sedalia, Mo.
21.144
10.00
21, 148
100
21,148
10.00
276
44
13.05
1.000
601
2.8
Concord, N. H.
22,167
11.60
21.475
100
21,475
11.60
149
6.94
969
1,040
4.8
Englewood, N. J
11,627
14.30
16,775
100
16,775
14.30
579
13
137
35.29
1.443
1,189
7.1
Lackawanna, N. Y
17,918
10.72
18,009
60
30,015
6.43
39
1 30
1,675
404
1.3
Oneonta, N. Y
11,582
11.82
8,775
50
17,550
5.91
35
2.28
1,515
342
1.9


5
Grand Forks, N. Dak.
14,010
20.13
11,705
78
15,006
15.70
198
38
13.19
1,071
709
4.7
McAlester, Okla
12,095
18.00
8,450
50
16,900
9.00
400
75
Carbondale, l'a.
18,640
18.00
10, 141
100
10, 141
18.00
166
80
ဝါ
23.67
1,397
910
5.4
24.26
544
462
4.6
Carlisle, Pa.
10,916
15.00
4.640
70
6,629
10.50
86
24
16.59
607
401
6.0
Oil City, Pa.
21,274
25.00
10,571
67
15,857
16.67
138
8.70
745
502
3.2
Sunbury, Pa..
15,721
31.00
4,963
40
12,408
12.40
348
37
16
31.03
789
725
5.8
West Chester, Pa.
11,717
13.00
10,266
75
13,688
9.75
194
20
20
15.63
1,168
520
3.8
Corsicana, Tex.
11,356
11.15
8,769
50
17,538
5.58
83
18
4.73
1,544
150
.9
Palestine, Tex.
11,039
11.32
7,853
75
10,471
8.49
189
36
18.05
949
285
2.7
Bellingham, Wash.
-
25,585
26.87
16,390
40
40,975
10.75
382
11
62
9.59
1,602
923
2.3
Morgantown, W. Va.
12, 127
8.50
34,224
100
34,224
8.50
241
7.04
2.822
565
1.7
Moundsville, W. Va.
10,669
11.30
10,570
66
15, 855
7.53
179
11.29
1,486
312
Wausau, Wis.
2.0
18,661
13.00
18, 680
70
26,686
9.10
282
10.57
1,430
1,185
4.4
Average
10.82
12.24
1,255
3.5

ADDITIONAL COPIES
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM
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WASHINGTON, D. C.
AT
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PURCHASER AGREES NOT TO RESELL OR DISTRIBUTE THIS
COPY FOR PROFIT.-PUB. RES. 57, APPROVED MAY 11, 1922.
A

L
AUG 5 1925
111
.A66
no. 4
Statistical Circular No. 4
SEP 4
1929
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
24 BUREAU OF EDUCATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
March, 1925
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1923-24
Prepared in the Statistical Division, Frank M. Phillips, Chief
The following table contains an analysis of current expenses per
student in average daily attendance in 195 city school systems in
1923-24, arranged according to the cost per student in four groups
of cities of different sizes.
These data are similar to those published in Statistical Circular
No. 1, 1923, excepting that interest payments are excluded from
fixed charges in the last column, since interest payments vary
materially among the various city school systems. Moreover, such
payments are usually for bonds issued to meet expenditures for
buildings and other capital outlays. Capital outlays and items of
depreciation are not included in current expenses.
37033-25†
19
Current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 195 city school systems, 1923–24
GROUP I.-CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE (35 CITIES)
General control
schools
Instruction in day Operation of plant
Maintenance of
plant
Coordinate activi-
ties and auxiliary
agencies
Fixed charges
Cities
Total
current
expenses
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
1
2
3
4
5
LA
6
ៗ
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Buffalo, N. Y.
$133. 32
$1.43
1. 1
$96.34
72.3
$15.69
11.8
$8.88
6.6
Springfield, Mass.
$1.98
1.5
$9.00
6.7
123. 70
3.35
2.7
94.84
76.7
18. 10
Yonkers, N. Y.
14. 6
4.81
3.9
2.23
1.8
.37
3
123. 22
2.44
2.0
100.90
81.9
8.81
7.1
3.45
2.8
Newark, N. J.
2.10
1.7
5. 52
4.5
108.42
4. 01
3.7
88.46
81.6
8.49
7.8
4. 01
Los Angeles, Calif.
3.7
3.35
3. 1
.10
1
108. 39
4.70
4.3
88.41
81.6
8.10
7.5
Pittsburgh, Pa.
4. 21
3.9
2.38
2.2
.59
5
106.90
4. 27
4. 0
78.45
73.4
12.68
11.9
6.71
Trenton, N. J.
6.3
1.53
1.4
3.26
3.0
106. 73
4.86
4. 6
83.10
77.9
9.64
9.0
5.72
5.3
Boston, Mass.
2. 18
2.0
1. 23
1.2
105. 10
5. 16
4.9
75.62
71.9
9.96
9.5
9.93
9.4
Albany, N. Y.
2.58
2.5
1. 85
1.8
103.66
1.75
1.7
81.09
78.2
11. 51
11. 1
2. 24
2.2
2.71
Omaha, Nebr.
2.6
4. 36
4.2
102, 89
4. 28
4.2
78.02
75.8
10. 72
10. 4
2.92
2.8
Fall River, Mass.
3.59
3.5
3.36
3. 3
102. 01
2.80
2.8
78.58
77.0
12.28
12.0
3.88
3.8
4. 10
Oakland, Calif.
4.0
.37
4
101, 33
2.65
2.6
85.56
84.4
7.43
7.3
2.90
2.9
Milwaukee, Wis.
1.94
1.9
85
9
100. 23
1.72
1.7
75. 06
74.9
8.48
8.5
Denver, Colo.
11.47
11.4
3.50
3.5
99.69
3.78
3.8
79.12
79.4
6.61
6.6
3.40
3.4
5. 11
Chicago, Ill.
5. 1
1.67
1.7
97.09
3.48
3.6
71.86
74.0
9.88
10. 2
6. 59
Spokane, Wash.
6.8
3.35
3.4
1.93
2.0
95.99
2.34
2. 4
75.26
78.4
10.55
11. 0
5. 01
5.2
1. 62
1.7
1. 21
1.3
Minneapolis, Minn..
95. 54
2.66
2.8
70.95
74.3
13.31
13.9
5. 65
5.9
2.35
Cambridge, Mass.
2.5
.62
.6
94. 15
3.09
3.3
77.36
82, 2
8.42
8.9
2.40
2.5
San Francisco, Calif.
2.88
3. 1
93.55
2. 48
2.7
77. 15
82.5
6. 44
6.9
5.73
Dayton, Ohio.
6. 1
1.36
1.4
.39
.4
89.57
2. 57
2.9
67.30
75.1
7.55
8.4
5.20
5.8
1. 33
1.5
5. 62
6.3
St. Louis, Mo.
89.02
3.42
3.8
68. 10
76.5
9.00
10. 1
6. 29
7.1
2. 21
Philadelphia, Pa.
2.5
88.69
3. 12
3.5
68, 91
77.7
7.56
8.5
2.82
3. 2
Wilmington, Del.
2. 24
2.5
4.04
4. 6
85,56
3. 01
3.5
69.62
81.4
5.79
6.8
5.58
6.5
1.56
1.8
Akron, Ohio.
84.71
1.94
2.3
67.56
79.8
8.48
10.0
1. 52
1.8
2. 04
2.4
New Bedford, Mass.
3. 17
3.7
84.56
3. 04
3.6
65. 01
76.9
9.54
11.3
4.38
5.2
2.59
Providence, R. I..
3.0
82.36
2. 23
2.7
64. 09
77.8
9.71
11.8
4.86
5.9
1.38
1.7
Kansas City, Kans.
.09
.1
80.82
2.68
3.3
58. 51
72.4
10.77
13.3
5.75
7.1
2.33
2.9
.78
1.0
Reading, Pa..
78.87
4. 12
5.2
56. 54
71.7
8.77
11. 1
3.86
4.9
2.03
Salt Lake City, Utah.
2.6
3.55
4.5
75.58
2. 59
3.4
60. 25
79.7
7.03
9.3
3.77
5.0
New Haven, Conn.
.88
1.2
1.06
1.4
72.93
2.00
2.7
59. 11
81. 1
8. 26
11.3
2.82
3.9
Norfolk, Va.
.74
1.0
68.60
1.39
2.0
55.70
81.2
7.20
10. 5
3. 22
Louisville, Ky.
4.7
.33
.5
76
1. 1
68. 02
3. 17
4.7
56. 22
82.6
6. 21
9. 1
1.58
2.3
59
9
25
Fort Worth, Tex.
.4
64. 29
1.57
2.4
56.48
87.9
3. 51
5.5
1.43
2.2
1. 12
1.7
18
3

Birmingham, Ala.
51.58
1. 44
2.8
43. 27
83.9
3.78
7.3
1.83
3.5
.45
.9
.81
81!
Nashville, Tenn.
35.74
1.37
3.8
28. 23
79.0
3.62
10. 1
1.66
4.6
.34
1.0
.52
1.6
1.5
Average.
95.64
3. 27
3.4
73.60
76.9
9.20
9.6
5. 31
5.6
2.32
2.5
1.94
2.0
GROUP II.-CITIES OF 30,000 TO 100,000 POPULATION (55 CITIES)
Fort Wayne, Ind.
$125. 05
$3.17
2.5
$83.46
66.8
$16.92
13.5
$7.89
6.3
$10.29
8.2
Mount Vernon, N. Y.
$3.32
2.7
118. 04
2. 62
2.2
91. 77
77.8
10. 82
9.2
2.37
2.0
9.01
7.6
Bayonne, N. J.
1.45
1.2
116. 79
5. 75
4.9
88.50
75.8
12.79
11.0
4.57
3.9
3.83
Berkeley, Calif.
3.3
1.35
1. 1
116.35
4.59
3.9
94.68
81.4
10. 18
8.8
3.33
2.9
2.36
2.0
Colorado Springs, Colo.
1. 21
115.05
1.0
4.40
3.8
95. 21
82.8
8.04
7.0
4. 02
3.5
2.33
Tulsa, Okla..
2.0
1. 05
.9
113.84
4.57
4.0
87.07
76.5
10.90
9.6
8. 11
7.1
1. 13
Holyoke, Mass.
1.0
2. 06
1.8
113.41
4.08
3.6
83.73
73.8
16. 11
14. 2
7.43
6.6
1.97
Davenport, Iowa.
1.7
.09
110.93
.1
3.38
3. 1
81.77
73.7
14. 57
13. 1
6.64
6.0
2.78
2.5
Sheboygan, Wis
1.79
110.89
1.6
1.68
1.5
85.98
77,6
13.39
12. 1
5.35
4.8
2.57
Dubuque, Iowa
2.3
1.92
1.7
110.78
5.38
4.8
78.94
71.3
20.31
18.3
2. 63
2.4
1. 54
1.4
Waterbury, Conn
1.98
109.75
1.8
2.39
2.2
89.30
81.4
13. 12
11.9
4.05
3.7
.08
East Orange, N. J
.1
.81
109.62
.7
3. 23
2.9
90.62
82.7
10.40
9.5
2.73
2.5
2.62
2.4
San Diego, Calif.
.02
109. 53
.0
4.48
4. 1
85.91
78.4
8.68
7.9
3.55
3.3
2.38
2.2
Newton, Mass.
109.15
4. 53
4.1
3.02
2.8
92. 15
84.4
11. 13
10. 2
1. 13
1.0
1.50
1.4
22
Fresno, Calif.
2
103.07
3.64
3.5
86.03
83.5
8.80
8.5
2.30
2.2
1.40
1.4
Kenosha, Wis
.90
.9
101.81
3.98
3.9
77.52
76.2
12.63
12.4
1.84
1.8
3.48
3.4
2.36
Battle Creek, Mich.
2.3
97.63
3. 11
3.2
70.41
72. 1
14.80
15.2
4. 54
4.7
4. 24
4.3
Lincoln, Nebr
.53
5
96. 24
5.45
5.7
69.25
72.0
10. 73
11. 1
5.41
5.6
1.71
1.8
Rockford, Ill
3.69
3.8
96. 18
2.43
2.5
72.51
75.4
11. 74
12. 2
7. 13
7.4
1.89
2.0
Moline, Ill
.48
.5
95. 44
3.30
3.5
69.77
73.1
13.00
13.6
7.35
7.7
.80
.8
1.22
Jamestown, N. Y.
1.3
94.94
3.39
3.6
64.99
68.5
15.38
16.2
3.98
4.2
2.71
2.8
4.49
Meriden, Conn.
4. 7
94.34
2. 12
2.3
73.87
78.3
9.76
10.3
5.39
5.7
3. 20
3.4
West Hoboken, N. J.
92. 71
2.65
2.9
72.36
78. 1
8.57
9.2
6.44
6.9
2.38
2.6
Duluth, Minn.
.31
.3
92. 64
3.94
4.2
69.54
75.1
11.49
12.4
3.49
3.8
3.03
3.3
1. 15
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
1.2
92. 17
3.42
3.7
70.58
76.6
11.70
12.7
3.99
4.3
1.33
1.4-
1. 15
Harrisburg, Pa
1.3
92.07
3.30
3.6
69.67
75.7
8.39
9.1
5. 10
5.5
3.06
3.3
2.55
Elmira, N. Y.
2.8
91.55
2. 20
2.4
72.62
79.3
7.19
7.9
2.05
2.2
2.65
2.9
4.84
Pittsfield, Mass.
5.3
88.23
1.97
2.2
66.70
75.6
11.89
13.5
3.42
3.9
2.70
3. 1
1.55
Green Bay, Wis
1.7
85.89
2.64
3. 1
71. 13
82.8
9.77
11.4
1.97
2.3
.09
.1
29
Manchester, N. H.
3
85.66
2. 26
2.7
65.37
76.3
12. 33
14. 4
2.92
3.4
2. 16
2.5
62
Jackson, Mich.
7
85.55
3.89
4.5
62. 29
72.8
12.97
15.2
4. 43
5.2
1.57
1.8
.40
Canton, Ohio.
84.54
1.67
2.0
60. 67
· 5
71.8
10. 19
12.0
3.42
4.0
5.99
7.1
2.60
Decatur, Ill.
3. 1
82.41
3. 22
3.9
62.09
75.3
9.97
12. 1
2.35
2.9
4.28
5.2
East Chicago, Ind.
.50
81.64
3. 16
3.9
61. 10
74.8
.6
11.63
14.3
1.58
1.9
1.80
2.2
Newburgh, N. Y
2.37
2.9
78.92
3.70
4.7
61. 22
77.6
4. 25
5.4
3.22
4. 1
2.53
3.2
4.00
Hamtramck, Mich
78.69
5.0
3.78
4.8
59. 17
75.2
10.86
13. 8
2. 22
2.8
2.35
3.0
Chicopee, Mass.
78.42
.31
2. 19
2.8
55.27
70.5
· 4
12.50
15.9
4. 16
5.3
3.20
4. 1
1.10
Peoria, Ill
1.4
77.09
2.70
3.5
58.69
76. 1
9.85
12.8
3.76
4. 9
1.32
1.7
.77
Evansville, Ind.
1.0
76.42
2. 10
2.8
61.39
80.3
9. 16
12.0
2. 16
2.8
.53
Allentown, Pa.
76.34
.7
1.08
1.4
3.53
4.6
55.82
73.1
8.92
11.7
1.95
2.6
3.99
5.2
2. 13
Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
2.8
75. 28
3.25
4.3
55.77
74. 1
7.27
9.7
2.41
3.2
1.76
2.3
Lorain, Ohio.
4.82
72. 07
2.36
3.3
50.98
6.4
70.7
8.07
11.2
4.89
6.8
5.67
7.9
.10
Charleston, W. Va.
70.68
2. 01
.1
2.9
56.35
79.7
6.29
8.9
1.64
2.3
3.53
5.0
87
1.2
1921-
b

4
Current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 195 city school systems, 1923-24-Continued
GROUP II-CITIES OF 30,000 TO 100,000 POPULATION (55 CITIES)-Continued
General control
Instruction in day
schools
Operation of plant
Maintenance of
plant
Cities
Total
current
expenses
Coordinate activi-
ties and auxiliary
agencies
Fixed charges
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Lewiston, Me.
$66.32
$1.71
2.6
Ogden, Utah
$50.98
76.9
$6.13
9.2
$4.05
6. 1
$3.44
5. 2
$0.01
0.0
65.44
2. 15
3.3
55.96
85.5
5. 17
7.9
1.79
Kokomo, Ind.
2.7
. 13
.2
63. 21
1.72
2.7
47.38
75.0
7.09
11.2
3.28
5.2
Beaumont, Tex.
3. 28
5.2
59.44
2.86
4.8
46.85
Winston-Salem, N. C
78.8
4:32
7.3
2.64
4.4
.95
1.8
. 24
.46
1.82
4
.7
3. 1
58.32
1.46
2.5
48.92
83.9
5. 19
8.9
1.78
Little Rock, Ark
3.0
97
1.7
•
51.37
2. 13
4.2
43.06
83.8
4. 28
8.3
1.20
2.3
Springfield, Mo.
70
1.4
50. 27
1.64
3.3
40.70
81.0
6. 29
12.5
Petersburg, Va.
.72
1.4
.30
.6
.62
1.2
48.86
1.04
2.1
40.88
83.7
5. 20
10.6
.28
.6
1.40
Portsmouth, Va.
2.9
.06
46.61
1.35
2.9
39. 44
84.6
3.81
8. 2
Macon, Ga.__
.86
1.9
.62
1.3
.53
39.53
.92
2.3
32.67
82.7
2.05
5.2
1.75
4.4
Montgomery, Ala.
1.70
4.3
.44
39.20
1.85
4.7
33.03
84.2
3. 21
8. 2
.34
Savannah, Ga.
.9
.27
.7
35.52
1.37
3.9
29.88
84. 1
2. 71
7.6
.55
1.5
.31
.9
70
88482
.1
1. 1
1. 1
50
1.3
2.0
Average.
87.12
2.99
3.4
67.09
77.0
9.65
11. 1
3.46
4.0
2.44
2.8
1.49
1.7
GROUP III-CITIES OF 10,000 TO 30,000 POPULATION (55 CITIES)
Santa Cruz, Calif..
$110.85
$3.06
2.8
$87.38
78.8
$11.91
10.8
Parkersburg, W. Va.
$2. 13
1.9
$3.58
3.2
$2.79
2.5
103.49
2. 61
2.5
79.67
77.0
11. 07
10. 7
Bloomfield, N. J.
3.00
3.5
5. 47
5.3
1. 07
1.0
102.82
2. 49
2. 4
81.26
79.0
13.09
12.7
3.25
3.2
Alameda, Calif.
2.00
2.0
.73
7
101. 74
2.86
2.8
88.48
87.0
5.73
5.6
3.46
North Tonawanda, N. Y
3.4
.96
.9
25
.3
101. 19
4.37
4.3
68.08
67.3
12.99
12.8
Gloversville, N. Y.
3. 01
3.0
7.76
7.7
4.98
4.9
99.83
2.94
3.0
71.72
71.8
13.57
13.6
3. 26
3.3
Cheyenne, Wyo
2.52
2.5
5.82
5.8
99.51
4.60
4.6
71.94
72.3
14. 36
14.4
3. 24
3.3
Greeley, Colo..
4.58
4. 6
79
96. 10
4.91
5. 1
.8
74.46
77.5
9.42
9.8
3.92
4. 1
2.57
2.7
Fort Dodge, Iowa.
.82
.8
95.82
2.58
2.7
69.47
72.5
17.91
18.7
1.97
2. 1
Naugatuck, Conn.
2.70
2.8
1. 19
1.2
92. 41
3.78
4. 1
64.80
70.1
16.70
18. 1
3.78
4. 1
Salina, Kans.
1.77
1.9
1.58
1.7
91.34
3. 21
3.5
71.71
78.5
10.86
11.9
3.77
4. 1
Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.
1. 15
1.3
.64
.7
91.08
3.92
4.3
67.74
74.4
12.67
13.9
4. 23
4.7
Boulder, Colo.
.57
.6
1.95
2.1
89.37
2.72
3. 1
73.77
82.5
9.25
10.4
2.63
2.9
.18
2
Emporia, Kans.
87.74
.82
3.73
4.2
70.68
80.6
9.45
10.8
2.38
2.7
1.16
1.3
.34
4
8277IO&




5

Grand Forks, N. Dak
87.67
2. 67
3.1
61.93
70.6
13.69
15.6
1.45
1.7
7.75
8.8
.18
Aberdeen, S. Dak.
86. 13
.2
4.75
5.5
65. 15
75.6
11.65
13.5
3.06
3.6
1. 52
1.8
Bellingham, Wash
85.42!
3.87
4.5
66.62
78.0
7.78
9. 1
3.40
4.0
2.29
2.7
1.46
1.7
Bloomington, Ill.
84.25!
3.30
3.9
67.44
80. 1
8.95
10.6
3. 51
4. 2
.77
9
.28
.3
Elyria, Ohio.
83.46
2.43
2.9
66.67
79.9
9.70
11.6
3.65
4. 4
62
.7
.39
.5
Boise, Idaho.
82.60
3.39
4. 1
64.34
77.9
9.50
11.5
2.37
2.9
1.51
1.8
1. 49
1.8
Tucson, Ariz.
80.90
2. 66
3.3
67.94
84.0
6.03
7.4
1.35
1.7
2. 27
2.8
.65
.8
Morgantown, W. Va.
80.74
2.75
3.4
62.06
76.9
8.56
10.6
4.34
5.4
1.78
2.2
1.25
1.5
Alliance, Ohio.
80.60
2.06
2.6
62.25
77.2
12.10
15.0
88
1.1
.47
6
2.84
3.5
Keokuk, Iowa.
80.48
4.00
5.0
59.82
74.3
12.49
15.5
3.26
4.0
54
.37
5
Burlington, Vt.
80.21
3.44
4.3
60.51
75.4
12.11
15. 1
2.59
3.2
1.33
1.7
23
Greensboro, N. C.
79.85
1.88
2.4
59.27
74.2
7.25
9. 1
6.76
8.5
4.09
5. 1
60
7
Albuquerque,
N. Mex.
77.08
4.49
5.8
61.60
79.9
6.86
8.9
1.76
2.3
60
8
1. 77
2.3
Everett, Wash.
76.70
2.06
2.7
62.99
82. 1
8.03
10.5
1.50
1.9
1.98
2.6
.14
.2
Anderson, Ind.
75.54
1.82
2.4
56.82
75.2
10.32
13. 7
3.98
5.3
1. 07
1.4
1.53
2.0
Champaign, Ill.
75.40
2.76
3.7
54.71
72.5
9.05
12.0
6. 19
8.2
1.36
1.8
1.33
1.8
Elkhart, Ind.
75.05
2.93
3.9
60. 67
80.8
8.60
11.5
1.94
2.6
Billings, Mont.
.39
5
.52
.7
73.52
3.35
4.6
56.71
77.1
10.59
14. 4
.82
1. 1
.16
.2
1.89
2.6
Augusta, Me.
73.50
2.50
3.4
47.55
64.7
12. 48
17.0
6. 64
9.0
2.33
3.2
2.00
2.7
Fond du Lac, Wis
73.45
1.79
2.4
59.55
81.1
7.82
10.7
83
1. 1
.43
.6
3.03
4. 1
Beloit, Wis.
72. 01
2.32
3.2
54.51
75.7
10.57
14.7
3.02
4. 2
.95
1.3
.64
.9
Methuen, Mass.
70.37
2.72
3.9
53.08
75.4
8.71
12. 4
1.71
2. 4
3.40
4.8
.75
1. 1
Butler, Pa.
68.73
3. 25
4.7
47.28
68.8
8.92
13.0
3.96
5.7
.87
1.3
4. 45
6.5
Eugene, Oreg--
68.47
2.84
4. 1
52.55
76.8
7.39
10.8
3.77
5.5
1.92
2.8
Belleville, N. J
67.49
1.74
2.6
52.25
77.4
7.83
11.6
3.93
5.8
1. 37
2.0
.37
.6
Portsmouth, N. H.
66. 56
4.52
6.8
49. 15
73.8
10.81
16. 2
1.91
2.9
.17
.3
Monessen, Pa.
66.36
2.98
4.5
51.64
77.8
8.73
13. 2
.46
.7
74
1.1
1.81
2.7
Cape Girardeau, Mo.
62.59
2.91
4.7
48.53
77.5
5. 10
8. 1
5.53
8.8
49
.8
03
.1
Newport, Ky.
60.49
2.52
4.2
47.89
79.2
5.98
9.9
3.12
5. 1
82
1.3
16
.3
Guthrie, Okla.
59.90
2.12
3.5
47.64
79.5
3.79
6.3
5.91
9.9
22
.4
22
.4
Lake Charles, La.
54.78
1.85
3.4
40.30
73.6
8.00
14. 6
2.88
5.2
1.75
3.2
Fort Smith, Ark.
53.87
2. 11
3.9
46. 24
85.8
3.58
6.7
1. 61
3.0
.04
1
. 29
5
Cumberland, Md.
52. 58
.79
1.5
44. 43
84. 5
5. 18
9.9
.97
1.8
.35
86
1.6
Hannibal, Mo.
51.50
1. 19
2.3
41.64
80.9
4. 71
9.1
3.38
6.6
11
2
47
.9
Owensboro, Ky.
49. 01
2.51
5. 1
38.85
79.3
5.79
11.8
47
1.0
48
1.0
91
1.8
North Platte, Nebr.
48.59
2.88
5.9
36.87
75.9
6.99
14. 4
96
2.0
53
1.1
36
.7
Spartanburg, S. C.
37.74
1.04
2.8
32, 36
85.7
2.52
6. 7
97
2.6
35
.9
50
1.3
Jackson, Miss
36.92
1.38
3.7
32. 21
87.3
1.79
4.8
1.28
3.5
17
.5
09
.2
Marshall, Tex.
34.83
1.27
3.7
30. 71
88.2
1.73
4.8
.79
2.3
33
1.0
Bessemer, Ala.
33.52
1.52
4. 5
28.74
85.7
2. 40
7.2
.46
1.4
40
1.2
Rome, Ga
24.00
1.20
5.0
19. 26
80.2
1.87
7.8
1.29
5.4
38
1.6
Average.
73.90
2.64
3.6
57.55
77.9
8.49
11. 5
2.68
3.6
1.43
1.9
1.11
1.5


6
Current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 195 city school systems, 1923-24—Continued
GROUP IV.-CITIES OF 2,500 TO 10,000 POPULATION (50 CITIES)
General control
schools
Instruction in day Operation of plant
Maintenance of
plant
Cities
Total
current
expenses
Coordinate activi-
ties and auxiliary
agencies
Fixed charges
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Goshen, Ind.
$194. 11
$3.74
1.9
$161. 27
83. 1
$18.46
9.5
$1.85
1.0
$0.40
0.2
Tonopah, Nev.
$8.39
4.3
165. 51
11.30
6.8
117.84
71.2
25.39
15. 4
10.45
6. 3
.53
.3
Chisholm, Minn.
161. 51
9.03
5. 6
79.35
49. 1
40. 54
25. 1
12. 21
7.6
17.00
Piedmont, Calif.
10.5
3.38
2. 1
122. 74
5.94
4.8
103.96
84.7
9.31
7.6
1. 59
1.3
1.70
North Kingston, R. I.
1.4
.24
.2
104.37
4. 54
4. 4
56. 62
54. 2
7.27
7.0
8.37
8.0
25. 27
24. 2
2.30
2.2
Valley City, N. Dak.
102. 56
7.12
6.9
67.19
65. 5
19. 58
19. 1
3. 13
3. 1
2.60
2.5
Mitchell, S. Dak.
2.94
2.9
99.20
5.30
5.3
70.81
71.4
17.66
17.8
2. 14
2.2
2.49
2.5
.80
.8
Grinnell, Iowa.
89.30
4.71
5.3
66.35
74.3
14.38
16. 1
1. 54
1.7
.77
Longmont, Colo.
9
1.55
1.7
88.83
5.20
5.8
68.45
77.1
8.48
9.5
1.98
2.2
4.58
5.2
. 14
Hempstead, N. Y
.2
88.47
3.77
4.3
66.65
75.3
9.91
11. 2
2. 12
2.4
2.54
2.9
3.48
3.9
Roselle, N. J.
84.71
5.37
6.3
59.59
70.4
10.36
12. 2
4.06
4.8
4.41
5. 2
Bozeman, Mont.
.92
1. 1
84.38
6.73
8.0
58.30
69. 1
13. 91
16.5
2. 01
2.4
2.38
2.8
1. 05
1.2
Douglas, Ariz.
Easton, Mass.
Brattleboro, Vt..
Beatrice, Nebr.
83.82
2. 51
3.0
70. 13
83.7
3.74
4.5
4.37
5.2
2.43
2.9
.64
.7
St. Joseph, Mich
83.42
5. 08
6. 1
59. 26
71.0
12.31
14.8
5. 07
6. 1
1. 16
1. 4
54
6
83. 22
4. 47
5. 4
54.76
65.8
10.96
13. 1
3.74
4.5
9.29
11. 2
82.65
3. 02
3.6
62. 26
75.3
8. 15
9.9
2.86
3.5
5.31
6.4
1. 05
1.3
82.36
4.00
4.9
64.66
78.5
8. 01
9.7
2.82
3.4
2. 17
2.6
.70
Dodge City, Kans.
.9
82. 12
4. 32
5.3
61. 19
74.5
11.00
13.4
2. 41
2.9
2. 19
2.7
1. 01
1.2
Cannon City, Colo.
81.33
3.76
4.6
62. 51
76.9
8. 22
10. 1
1.71
2. 1
3.70
4.5
1.43
1.8
Westbrook, Me..
79.83
2.40
3.0
61.63
77.2
9.42
11.8
4. 43
5. 6
98
1. 2
.97
1. 2
Wethersfield, Conn.
77.27
3.96
5. 1
59.22
76.7
9.55
12.4
3.58
4.6
.39
.5
.57
.7
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
76. 13
3.48
4.6
59.98
78.8
8.63
11. 3
1. 42
1.9
1. 18
1.5
1. 44
1.9
Corry, Pa.
74.62
6. 31
8.5
51.71
69.3
10.61
14. 2
1. 69
2.3
2.55
3.4
1.75
2.3
Olympia, Wash.
72. 15
3.79
5.3
56. 21
77.9
7.97
11.0
3.60
5.0
.37
.5
.21
.3
Beaver Dam, Wis.
72.98
3.62
5. 0
50.88
69.7
12. 66
17.4
4. 48
6. 1
1. 34
1.8
Gorham, N. H.
72. 19
2.60
3.6
52.92
73.3
8.57
11.9
3.82
5.3
3.50
4.8
.78
1. 1
Connersville, Ind.
69.71
3.88
5. 6
50.22
72.0
9. 10
13.0
2.42
3.5
1.93
2.8
2. 16
3. 1
Gallipolis, Ohio.
69.55
3.03
4.4
47.68
68. 6
6.70
9.6
6. 28
9.0
2.58
3.7
3. 28
4.7
Alva, Okla.
69. 14
9.47
13.7
51.00
73.7
5.62
8. 1
2.70
3.9
.45
.6
Rock Springs, Wyo..
66.61
4.39
6.6
49.38
74. 1
7.59
11. 4
3.50
5.2
1.34
2.0
.44
.7
Dixon, Ill.
65. 39
3. 14
4.8
51.34
78.5
7.53
11.5
2. 13
3.3
.56
9
.69
1.0

Bridgewater, Mass.
65.09
1.48
2.3
51.92
79.7
6. 12
9.4
1.75
2.7
3.82
5.9

2
rants Pass, Oreg..
64. 55
4.08
6. 3
47.60
73.7
8.88
13.8
1. 36
2. 1
2. 62
4. 1
.01
.0
Dover, Del.
64. 48
2. 13
3.3
51. 08
79.2
8.40
13.0
1.57
2.5
1.30
2.0
Murray, Utah
63.33
5. 21
8.2
47.77
75.4
7. 24
11.5
2. 22
3.5
.37
.6
52
.8
Marshall, Mo.
62.56
3. 17
5. 1
48. 11
76.9
6. 19
9.9
3.09
4.9
1.25
2.0
75
Bellefontaine, Ohio.
57.56
2.88
5.0
40.81
70.9
7.68
13. 3
1. 69
2.9
1.88
3.3
2.62
1. 2
4.6
Elkins, W. Va.
55. 01
3.36
6. 1
43. 19
78.5
5.57
10. 1
1.36
2.5
.35
.6
1. 18
2.2
Grenada, Miss.
54.97
6.37
11.6
42. 05
76. 5
3.89
7.1
.89
1.6
1. 77
3.2
Morristown, Tenn.
54.94
4.71
8.6
44. 13
80.3
4.89
8.9
90
1.6
.31
.6
Clovis, N. Mex.
54.81
3.85
7.0
39. 03
71.2
7.21
13. 2
85
1.6
3. 04
5. 5
San Marcos, Tex.
51.60
3.42
6.6
44. 46
86.2
2,69
5.2
41
8
31
6
Frankfort, Ky.
Suffolk, Va..
49.25
3. 26
6.6
38.73
78.6
3. 27
6.6
3.77
7.7
22
5
48.08
2.47
5. 1
34.51
71.8
8.25
17. 1
2. 15
4.5
38
.8
Sanford, Fla.
44.92
1.81
4. 0
30.42
67.7
4. 40
9.8
1.23
2.7
6.80
15. 2
VO SO LO ∞0 2
.83
1.5
.31
.6
32
.7
26
.6
Rock Hill, S. C.
44.39
2.97
6.7
34.44
77.6
3.44
7.7
1.45
3.3
1. 17
2.6
92
2. 1
Bowling Green, Ky.
44. 03
4.93
11. 2
32.71
74.3
4. 11
9.3
1.83
4. 2
45
1.0
Fayetteville, N. C.
42.98
3. 10
7.2
33.50
78.0
4.38
10. 2
1. 04
2.4
04
.1
92
2. 1
Abbeville, La.
41. 50
30.36
73.2
2. 06
5.0
4. 12
9.9
4. 44
10. 7
52
1.2
Albany, Ala.
34. 25
1.97
5.7
28.53
83.3
2.79
8. 1
.60
1.8
.23
.7
13
.4
Average.
77.39
4. 12
5.3
56. 64
73.2
9.70
12.6
2.95
3.8
2.73
3.5
1.25
1.6


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L
A 66
no. 5
Statistical Circular No. 5.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF EDUCATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
July, 1925
ORGANIZATION, HOUSING, AND STAFFING OF
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION, 1923-24
By HERBERT M. CARLE
Principal Statistical Assistant, Bureau of Education
CONTENTS.-Titles of the chief State educational officers-Principal activities of State departments of
education-Divisional organization for the State of Ohio, as recommended by the Educational Council of
Ohio State Teachers Association-Distribution of office force among the various divisions of State depart-
ments of education-Housing facilities-rooms, floor space-Cost of State departments of education—
total cost, cost in cents per child enrolled in schools of the State.
The purpose of this study is to inquire into the housing of State
departments of education. Requests often come from individual
departments for information regarding the amount of building space
given over to similar departments in other States. An urgent
request was made by the Educational Council of the Ohio State
Teachers Association, and that body, under the direction of Dean
H. C. Minnich, of Teachers College, Miami University, Oxford,
Ohio, cooperated with the United States Bureau of Education in
making the study possible.
Questionnaires were sent to each State department. Forty-four
States responded. The replies were supplemented by correspondence
and from other sources of information, including the biennial and
other State reports, and a study by Ward G. Reeder, of the Ohio
State University.¹
It is difficult to make a housing study without making a study of
the personnel to be housed. Beginning, then, with the chief State
educational officer, it appears that the 48 States of the Union have a
1 The Chief State School Official, Bu. of Educ., Bul. 1924, No. 5.
55064-25†
2
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
variety of titles for the chief educational official. They are as
follows:
1. Commissioner of education.-Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Minne-
sota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Tennessee,
Vermont.
2. Director of education.-Ohio.
3. State superintendent of education.-South Carolina.
4. State superintendent of free schools.-West Virginia.
5. State superintendent of public education.—Louisiana, Mississippi.
6. State superintendent of public instruction.—Arkansas, Delaware, Florida,
Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina,
Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, Wisconsin, Wyoming.
7. State superintendent of public instruction and director of education.--Cali-
fornia.
8. State superintendent of public schools.-Missouri.
9. State superintendent of schools.—Georgia, Maryland.
10. Superintendent of education.—Alabama.
11. Superintendent of public instruction.-Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa,
Kentucky, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, Penn-
sylvania, South Dakota, Virginia, Washington.
These titles have changed from time to time in the various States.
The changes in four States, as shown in the above-mentioned study
of Mr. Reeder, will serve to illustrate:
New York.
Superintendent of common schools. Superintendent of public
instruction. Commissioner of education.
Ohio. Superintendent of common schools. Commissioner of common schools.
Superintendent of public instruction. Director of education.
Pennsylvania.-Superintendent of public schools. Superintendent of common
schools. Superintendent of public instruction.
Utah.—Superintendent of primary schools. Superintendent of common
schools. Superintendent of district schools. Commissioner of schools. Super-
intendent of public instruction.
Table 1 shows the principal activities found in the various State
departments of education. A State is not shown as having a particu-
lar activity unless at least one official gives a major portion of his time
to that activity. The fact that a State is not shown as having a
particular activity does not necessarily mean that the department is
doing no work along that line. It may mean that the work is being
done by the personnel of one or more other divisions. For example,
Americanization work is sometimes found under the vocational educa-
tion division; normal or teacher training is sometimes found under the
division for secondary education; and rural education is sometimes
taken care of by the division for elementary education.
Of the 21 activities listed in Table 2, Minnesota and New York
each have 15, while Connecticut, Ohio, and West Virginia have 14
each. The other States have a less number.
The activity or division occurring in the greatest number of States
is that of home economics, found in 41 of the 44 States reporting. A
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
3
division of secondary education is found in 40 States, an agricultural
education division in 39, while divisions of trades and industrial educa-
tion, and teacher certification are each found in 37 States. It may be
noted here that up to the time of this study no State department has
organized a division for junior high school education. Some States
carry this work under their division for secondary education.
In addition to the activities shown in Table 2 the following are
found in the several States:
Adult education.-Massachusetts, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Carolina.
Buildings and grounds.-Alabama, Maryland, New York, North Carolina,
Pennsylvania, Utah.
Child welfare.-New Hampshire, Colorado.
Film censorship.—Ohio.
Geological survey.—Ohio.
Higher and professional education.-New York, Pennsylvania.
Music supervision.—Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania.
School and community betterment.-Alabama, South Carolina.
School law.-Illinois, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Washington.
Special education (deaf and defective speech, blind, etc.).—Colorado, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, Wisconsin.
State reading circle.-Alabama.
Supervision school subjects.—New York, Pennsylvania.
University extension.-Florida, Massachusetts, North Carolina.
Visual education.-New York.
The Educational Council of the Ohio State Teachers Association
has recommended the following divisional organization for that State
to "enable the department of education to render to the State greatest
usefulness:" 2
Division 1. Higher Education:
1. Rational college entrance requirements to curricula leading to public service.
2. Uniformity in degree requirements.
3. Standards in college instruction.
Division II. Secondary Education—Senior and Junior High Schools.
1. Standards and ranking.
2. Qualifications of teachers.
3. Curricula.
4. Adequate support.
5. Community service.
Division III. Elementary Schools.
1. Qualifications of teachers.
2. Curricula.
3. Adequate support.
4. Community service.
Division IV. Rural Schools.
!
1. Similar usefulness as for secondary and elementary divisions.
2. Consolidated schools.
3. Transportation of pupils.
* Rep. of Educ. Council to Ohio State Teachers Association, Dec. 29-31, 1924.
4
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
Division V. Vocational Education-Agriculture, Industrial, Home Economics,
Commercial.
1. Education under Federal board.
2. Qualifications of teachers.
3. Integration with other activities, functions, and community needs.
4. Control of amounts and subsidies.
Division VI. Uncompleted Citizenship Education.
1. English language for all citizens.
2. Civic duties and relationship.
3. Occupational adjustment and advancement.
Division VII. Education and Training for Handicapped Children.
1. Local schools.
2. State institutions.
Division VIII. Preparation and Certification of Teachers.
Division IX. Child Accounting and Statistics.
Division X. Physical Welfare or Health Education.
1. Physical education.
2. Preventive observance.
3. Safety instructions.
4. Nursing and medical inspection.
Division XI. Survey and Research.
Division XII. Building and Equipment.
Division XIII. School Support and Finance.
1. General supervision of school fund.
2. Equalization of school opportunity.
Division XIV.
1. Music.
2. Drawing.
Supervision of School Subjects.
3. Other subjects as may in the judgment of the department need State
oversight.
Table 2 shows the distribution of personnel among the various.
divisions of the State departments of education. A few of the
divisions that occur in a very small number of States only are not
shown here, but the total column, unless otherwise noted, is intended
to show the total personnel located at department headquarters.
Officials and clerks having their location elsewhere are excluded,
as shown by footnotes.
The number of persons in each division gives a general idea of its
relative importance, when compared with the number in the other
divisions of the same State. By referring to the table it will be seen
that in most of the States many of the divisions have one officer
only, while the greatest number found in any one division is 31.
Thirty-one States having a division of rural education have an
average of 2.48 officials for that division. Thirty States having a
division for vocational education have an average of 2.43 officials in
that work. Industrial rehabilitation, found in 16 States, has an
average of 2.18 officials. General administration, found in all the
48 States, has an average of 2.16 officials. Secondary education,
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
5
ما
found in 38 States, has an average of 1.78 officials.
industrial education in 36 States averages 1.36 officials.
Trades and
From Tables 3, 4, and 5, some idea may be gained of the amount
of floor space and number of rooms available for State departments
of education, in proportion to the total number of persons employed.
In general, those.States ranking high in total personnel also rank high
in floor space and rooms used. There are some exceptions, however.
Illinois, ranking eighth in total personnel, ranks twentieth in floor
space and fourteenth in number of rooms; and Ohio ranking fourth
in total personnel ranks twenty-ninth in floor space, fourteenth in
office rooms, and seventeenth in total number of rooms. On the
other hand, Delaware ranking twenty-fourth in total personnel ranks
sixth in floor space, sixth in office rooms, and sixth in total number of
rooms.
The adequacy of housing facilities for the office force of the State
departments of education may perhaps be best shown by the average
number of persons in each office room, and the average number of
square feet of floor space available for each person employed. The
States vary greatly in this respect. It may be seen from Table 6
that Delaware ranks first in office room facilities, having only an
average of 1.2 persons per office room. West Virginia has an average
of 1.5 persons, and California 1.6. The States standing lowest in
this respect are Alabama, with an average of 10 persons in each of
its office rooms, and Ohio with an average of 12.4 persons. The
range is, therefore, from 1.2 to 12.4, with the average for all the
States reporting of 3.7 persons per office room.
In the matter of floor space, New York is first, with an average
of 1,352 square feet for every person employed. Delaware, the next
in order, drops down to 555 square feet, while Ohio, the lowest State
in this respect, has only 36 square feet per person employed. The
range here is from 1,352 to 36, with the average for all the States
reporting of 393 square feet for each person employed.
Table 7 shows the cost of the departments of education in the
various States. This cost is also expressed in number of cents spent
for the departments per each child enrolled in the public schools of
the State. Nevada ranks highest, with an expenditure of 189.3
cents per child, and Oklahoma lowest with an expenditure of 5 cents
per child. The average for all the States reporting is 33.1 cents per
child.
6
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
States
Colorado
California.
Arkansas.
Arizona...
Alabama.
Florida.
Delaware..
Connecticut.
Georgia.
TABLE 1.—Principal activities in State departments of education
@
1
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X
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X
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xxxx xxx
IXX IX
xx
xxx
XXXXX XI XXI
xxxxx XXXXX XXXXX xxxxx
X XXXXX XXX
xxxx xxxxx xx
xxx
XXXXX XXI X
x
X XXX X
xxx
#
xxx
XX XX XXXXX XXXX
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1
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1
xx
x xxxxx xx¦ xx
XX XI Xxx xxxxx
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1
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X
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·
1
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1
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X
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1
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X
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+
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1
+
1
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1
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1
+
1
I
X
X
1
+
1
•
1
1
1
U
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xxx
1
XXX
X XX
XX
XXXX
XXXX
X
X
+
1
1
1
XX
X
1
1
1
1
I
1
X XXX XXXXX X
I
+
1
1
X
X XXXXX
X
X
X
1
1
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1
XX)
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
t
+
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X
1
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I
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1
1
1
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X
IXX
1
1
1
1
X
1
1
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X
X
X
1
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1
XX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
·
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1
X
XX
•
1
X
X XX XX
2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Elementary edu-
cation
Rural education
Secondary educa-
tion
Vocational educa-
tion
Trades and indus-
trial education
Agricultural edu-
cation
Home economics
Industrial
reha-
bilitation
Normal or teacher
training
Negro education
Americanization
Libraries
Textbooks
Teacher certifica-
tion
Teacher
ment
place-
Teacher retire-
ment
Educational
measurements
Attendance or
child accounting
Physical training
Auditing and ac-
counting
Statistics



J
1
1
1
J
Idaho
Kansas
Iowa..
Kentucky.
Indiana.
Illinois.
Maine.
Maryland.
Massachusetts.
Michigan...
Louisiana.
Minnesota.
Mississippi
1
1
1
·
1
·
1
1
1
1
·
I
1
"
Nebraska.
Montana.
Missouri..
Nevada.
New
1
New York.
New Mexico..
New Jersey.
Hampshire.
1
·
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
•
1
1
+
1
1
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
North Carolina..
North Dakota..
Ohio
Oklahoma.
Oregon..
Pennsylvania 1
Rhode Island.
South Carolina.
South Dakota.
Tennessee.
Texas.
Utah
Vermont
Virginia.
Washington
West Virginia.
Wisconsin..
Wyoming.
X
XXXX
XXXX
X
xxxx
xx
X
ХХХ
X
X
Х
XXX
X X X
X
X
Х
X
X
X
x xx xx
XXXX
XXX
X
X
X
Xxxxx xxxxx x ix
X XXXXX XXXXX
X
XXX
X
X
XXXXX
ར
X
X X
X X
X
Х
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
ХХХ
Х
X
Х
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X X
X
X
X
ХХХ
X
X
¹ Tabulation is for the biennium just preceding the reorganization of the Pennsylvania department in June, 1923.
∞
OF EDUCATION
STATE DEPARTMENTS
Alabama.
States
Arizona
Arkansas..
California.
Colorado..
1
Connecticut.
Delaware.
Florida.
Georgia.
Idaho
Illinois.
Indiana.
Iowa...
Kansas.
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine'
Maryland.
Massachusetts.
Michigan.
Minnesota
Mississippi.
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire.
New Jersey
New Mexico.
New York.
TABLE 2.-Personnel in the principal divisions of State departments of education
General
adminis-
Business
agent or
Elementary Rural
Secondary Vocational
Trades and
industrial
education education
education
education
tration
chief clerk
education
Agricultural Horne
education economics
Industrial
rehabilita-
Normal or
Physical
teacher
training
tion
training
૭
2
3
4
5
6
7
GO
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
fficials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
9
10
11
12 13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1 1/2 1 22/3
1
1
/3
11/3 2
2/3
3
4
1
2
1
1
1
21
121
1/2
1
1/21 1
1/2
1
1/2
2
1
1
21 22
23 24 25
1 1/3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
5
3
8
4
1
1
4
1
12227
21142
1
12
1
1/2
14
2
1
1/2
1
31/2
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
4
2 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1/2
1
1/2
1
1
2
1
3
212
1
J
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
22
17
2
1
2
2
1
1
27
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
13322
12
223
I
2
1
1
1
3
2
NW
3
1
1
128
2
1 1/2
I
21H
1
2
1
1/2
1/3
1
1/3
211
1
(3)
3
1
2
1
1
3/8
1
1
1
1
11/2
1 1/4
2
22
41
2
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1221H
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1 1/2
1
3
1
1
(1)
21
1
1
1/2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2/3
1
1
1
2
4 8
21
9
1
1
1
1
1
28
1
I
1
3
2
3
1
1
11/3
1
11/3
1
11/3
8 2
122
2
1
1
♡♡ 232
2212-
53
2212N
2
2
3
21/2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
6
1
6
121
1
2
1
1
1/2
2
2
121H
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2/3
122TI
1/2
1
1/2
1
42
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(7)
(7)
1
1
1
2/3
2
1
1
2/3
3
4
1
1/4
1
1/4
1
4
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
4
5
1
1
1
1
2
113
3
11/8
1
116
1
1
3
1


1
1
1
1
1
1/2
6
4
32 1 19
24
2
3
31
15
(୬)
(8)
(8) (8)
(8)
(8)



STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
9
North Carolina '
North Dakota.
Ohio
Oklahoma.
Oregon...
3
Pennsylvania 10
4
Rhode Island
South Carolina.
South Dakota 4.
Tennessee.
212 M
1222 O
442
12222
13
2
1
2
1
3
1
1/2
3
1223D
1
2
11/2
1
1
2
1
1
I
211
2-2-
3
9 1
1
5
2
1
1
2
1
1
J
4
3
21
4
2
7
8
4
3
3
3 20
со
2
I
1
1
1
1
1/4
4
2
1
1
1
1/2
112
1
1
23
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
/
1
1
Texas
4
Utah..
3
Vermont.
3
Virginia..
1
4321
9
I
8
1
2
1
1
I
1
1
2-
2/3
3
2/3
2
3/9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
Washington.
3
10
1
23
2
1
2
3
12
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
I
1
1
West Virginia.
Wisconsin.
Wyoming.
242
3
1
1/2
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1/31
1
3/8
(11)
2
1
1
1½
4 12 17
2
4
3
(13)
(13)
1
1
2
1/2
1
J
1 Does not include 31 supervising agents in the field.
2 Does not include 4 rural supervisors and 4 visiting teachers located in the field.
3 5 field men not included.
4 No data obtained as to number of clerks.
• 1 supervisor at Orono not included.
6 Does not include 2 assistants in branch offices.
7 3 officers and 1 clerk in the field not included.
• Under vocational.
• Does not include 3 officials in the field.
10 See footnote 1, Table 1.
11 4 State agents in the field not included.
12 Used by all divisions.
13 Under separate board.
10
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
TABLE 2.-Personnel in the principal divisions of State departments of education-Continued
Educa-
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Teacher
Negro American-
Libraries
Textbooks certifi-
Teacher
place-
Teacher
retire-
Auditing
and
tional Attendance
Statistics
education ization
measure-
officer
cation
ment
ment accounting
ments
States
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Total
personnel
in all
divisions
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
Officials
Clerks
1
26
27
Alabama.
1
2/3
28 29 30 31 32
33 34
35 36 37 38 39 40
41
42 43
44
45 46
47 48 49
Arizona
Arkansas.
1
1
California.
1
100
Colorado..
Connecticut.
Delaware..
21
1
1
2
5
Florida..
1
Georgia..
1
1
1
Idaho.
1
1
1
Illinois.
1
1
1
3
Indiana.
3
4/2
1
Iowa..
1
3
1
1
Kansas.
1
14
Kentucky.
2
1
Louisiana..
2
1
1
1
Maine..
Maryland.
1
1/6
1
1
Massachusetts.
8
3
1
1
3
1
4
Michigan.
1
Minnesota.
4
31/2
214
1
2
Mississippi.
1
Missouri.
1
Montana.
Nebraska.
25
21/2
51/2
Nevada.
New Hampshire.
New Jersey..
New Mexico
New York.
25
15
2
3
9
1
13
2
2
I
11
1
3
I
1
2
1
31
29
67884
1
10
5
3
2
1
1
2
1/2
14 1
2
18 27
35
28
10
1
8
5
16
8
14
18
3 16
31
14
12
12
12
11
6
16
(¹)
7
15
6 12
(4)
€
14
6
1
3
16 50
124
6 27
14
24
25
14
8
7 25
79
9
7
11
14
8
5
1
2
12
8
1
21
1
5
2
1
24
22
7
3
3
5
5 17 138 17 175
10
11
1
1/2
27
1
2
1
1

1
2
1
9
1
1
1


STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
TI
North Carolina
3
North Dakota..
Ohio..
1
1
Oklahoma.
2121
Oregon..
Pennsylvania 10
Rhode Island.
1
South Carolina.
1
1/4
I
Y
2
South Dakota..
1
Tennessee..
1
1/2
1
1
1
1
Texas.
Utah.
Vermont.
Virginia..
Washington.
West Virginia.
1
1
1
1/2
Wisconsin
2
Wyoming.
1
1/2
1
7
3
4
2
21/2
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
1
I
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
• 27
14
(4)
9
3
1
19
1
2
1
1
18 27
10 35
2
1
11
6
7
4
6
6
1
4
1
CO
74
80
8
15
∞ cr88
5
8
12
(4)
14
8
36
22
12
4
7
6
20
19
18
20
11 20
11
1
2
22
17
8
4
2
? Does not include 4 rural supervisors and 4 visiting teachers.
a 5 field men not included.
4 No data obtained as to number of clerks.
1 supervisor at Orono not included.
• Does not include 2 assistants in branch offices.
7 3 officials and 1 clerk in the field not included.
• Does not include 3 officials in the field.
10 See footnote 1, Table 1.
11 4 State agents in the field not included.
14 Does not include 8 field agents.
16 Does not include 39 agents in the field.
16 Does not include 23 instructors under university extension.
17 Does not include State museum, 14 officials and 6 clerks; archives and history division, 4 officials and 2 clerks; State library, 44 officials and 44 clerks.
18 Does not include film censorship division, 5 officials and 5 clerks; State library, 16 officials and 10 clerks; State geologist, 3 officials and 1 clerk.
12
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
TABLE 3.-Housing and quarters of State departments of education
00
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Rooms
Cubic
Cubic feet Linear
Department library
States
Building in which department is
housed
Floor
feet metal
Office Store
rooms rooms
Cloak Toilet
rooms rooms
Miscel-
laneous
rooms
space
filing
safes
office
Total
(sq. ft.)
cabi-
or fire-
book
rooms
nets
proof shelves
vaults
Tele-
feet phones,
includ-
Cubic
ing
branch feet
phones space
Linear
feet
book
shelves
Num-
ber of
vol-
umes
1
2
3
4
5
в
ร
Alabama.
Capitol
4
1
2
7
3,897
571
30
199
8
Arizona.
..do..
Arkansas
..do..
California.
Forum.
Colorado.-
Capitol-
Connecticut.
_do
11
Delaware..
Cook.
E wwww
3
1
4
1, 170
58
665
75
3
700
3
1
4
7,500
1, 100
1,200
120
4
800
500
3,600
5
42
9, 798
900
26
760
26
3
1
4
1, 574
38
600
175
3
3
14
15
3
1
3
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Capitol
.do.
Statehouse.
5
1
4
2
1
10
1
12
42002
14, 138
660
34
726
26
10,000
200
80
250
4
6
2,500
1, 500
1
6 2,600 1,000
25
350
3
75
1 500
2,250
260
10
75
9
Illinois.
Capitol
8
Indiana
.do.
4
13
∞++
9
3
Iowa_
Statehouse
4
Kansas
...do
Louisiana
Maryland.
Massachusetts.
Michigan....
Minnesota..
New Reymond.
57
1
1
1
8
1
1
9
674 ∞ >>
3,833 1,020
2,500
1,287
3,600
498
264
3,589
288
252
477
2,500
1,711
5, 145
73754
114
1,370
3,000
Lexington (Baltimore).
4
Statehouse
24
Capitol...
11
Historical Society
15
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana.
Capitol
6
1
54
2212 -
6
2,300
450
28
75
5
20
3
3
ww
20
24
Statehouse
6
Capitol...
4
Nebraska.
Nevada
.do
4
.do.
5
New Hampshire.
Patriot.
10
3
4121 CO
2
1
15
1
DE VANA
46
13,000 1,200
44
1, 200
36
6,000 2,000
1,220
9
250
8,927 1,400 2,760
550
16
3,500
258
2,040
6, 500
42,000
6,000
4, 560
357
300
356
4
6, 064
498
6
1, 687
310
1,569
430
4
7,200
2,911
1
7
6
1,000
400
300
400
3
1
2
16
3,200
1,200
25
9
60
500
New Jersey
State Office.
12
3
15
4,000
900
2,700
200
14
New Mexico.
Statehouse...
3
1
4
1, 450
290
749
256
2
1,451
New York.
State Education.
112
25
62
22
69
290 423, 317
116
North Dakota.
Capitol-
5
1
2
8 2,872
368
3, 100
40
3
2, 191
386
Ohio
Statehouse
5
1
6
2,249
· 398
30
119
10
4, 100
250




STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
13
Oklahoma..
Oregon.
Capitol..
..do..
5
3
Pennsylvania.
Education
32
Rhode Island..
Statehouse
3
South Carolina
Nat'l Loan and Exchange.
8
2117 p
1
1
9
2,200
434 3,600
1, 725
6
1
5
4,000
930
20
50
2
3
3
39
22, 056
37
8, 640
821
3,200
2
6
5,000
500
100
500
4
1
9
4,500
816
4
200
4
Tennessee.
Capitol..
2
Texas
..do.-
8
3
1
12
Utah.
_do.
5
2
4
12
Vermont
State Library.
4
1
2
Virgínia..
State Office.
20
Washington.
Capitol.
12
West Virginia.
_do.
Wisconsin
-do.
2 220-
2
3
25
1
13
2
1
2
23
1
25
7227 22
1,810
280
109
8, 656
1, 192
1, 140
380
9
4, 100
221
8,833
258
5
12, 844
486
2,000
500
1,250
135
3
17, 556
1, 425
4, 600
22, 312
12,096
624
80
12
13
6, 912
248
103
365
15
3, 072
105
15
5,800
700
1,000
266
10
266
2,000
2,000
Wyoming
do.
4
1
1
6
1,418
160
1,080
50
3
112
75
800
1 7,000 additional volumes filed.
14
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
TABLE 4.-Rank of State departments of education in total personnel, official and
clerical
States
Num-
ber of
Num-
ber of
Rank
States
Rank
per-
per-
sons
sons
1
૭
2
3
1
2
3
New York..
Massachusetts..
Pennsylvania..
3
Connecticut
Ohio
California.
Texas..
Minnesota.
Illinois_-
New Jersey..
123 TH TH LOONBO
1313
North Dakota.
20
23
2
2 174
South Carolina.
20
23
154
Louisiana..
21
22
4
3 62
Mississippi
21
4
• 62
Tennessee
21
5
60
Arkansas.
22
6
58
Maryland.
23
49
New Hampshire.
23
**NZZZ2R;
22
22
21
20
20
8
847
Delaware.
24
• 18
9
46
Kansas
25
17
Michigan..
10
6 41
Oklahoma.
25
17
Alabama
11
40
Arizona..
26
16
Virginia.
12
39
Montana
26
16
Wisconsin
12
39
Utah.
26
16
Washington.
Missouri.
Idaho.
West Virginia.
Indiana.
Nebraska.
13
38
Colorado
27
15
14
7 34
Florida..
28
13
15
32
Nevada...
28
13
16
8 31
Rhode Island.
28
13
17
26
Vermont
28
13
18
25
Wyoming
29
12
Georgia.
Iowa.
1 See footnote 17, Table 2.
2 See footnote 16, Table 2.
19
24
Oregon..
30
11
19
24
New Mexico.
31
10
3 See footnote 15, Table 2.
+ See footnote 18, Table 2.
• See footnote 3, Table 2.
• See footnote 6, Table 2.
7 See footnote 7, Table 2.
8 See footnote 11, Table 2.
See footnote 2, Table 2.
D
ས
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
15
TABLE 5.-Rank of State departments of education as to floor space used, total
number of rooms occupied, and number of office rooms occupied
Floor space
1
Rooms
2
Offices
3
1 New York.
2. Pennsylvania.
3. Connecticut
4. Massachusetts.
5. Virginia.
6. Delaware.
7. California.
8. Minnesota.
9. Texas.
10. Arkansas.
11. West Virginia.
12. Michigan.
12. Mississippi.
13. Wisconsin.
14. Rhode Island.
15. Missouri.
16. South Carolina.
17. Utah.
18. New Jersey.
18. Oregon.
19. Alabama.
20. Illinois.
21. Indiana.
22. Kansas.
23. New Hampshire.
24. North Dakota.
25. Georgia.
26. Florida.
26. Louisiana.
27. Maryland.
28. Idaho.
29. Ohio.
30. Oklahoma.
31. Vermont.
32. Tennessee.
33. Montana.
34. Colorado.
35. New Mexico.
36. Wyoming.
37. Arizona.
38. Nevada.
1. New York.
2. Massachusetts.
3. California.
4. Pennsylvania.
5. Virginia.
6. Minnesota.
6. West Virginia.
7. Delaware.
8. Michigan.
9. New Hampshire.
10. Missouri.
10. New Jersey.
10. Wisconsin.
11. Connecticut.
12. Washington.
13. Idaho.
13. Texas.
13. Utah.
14. Illinois.
14. Louisiana.
14. Oklahoma.
14. South Carolina.
1. New York.
2. California.
3. Pennsylvania.
4. Massachusetts.
5. Virginia..
5. West Virginia.
6. Delaware.
6. Minnesota.
7. New Jersey.
7. Washington.
8. Connecticut.
8. Michigan.
9. Idaho.
9. New Hampshire.
10. Wisconsin.
11. Illinois.
11. South Carolina.
11. Texas.
12. Louisiana.
13. Mississippi.
13. Missouri,
14. Florida.
15. Kansas.
14. Kansas.
15. North Dakota.
14. Nevada.
14. North Dakota.
14. Ohio.
14. Oklahoma.
16. Alabama.
16. Indiana.
16. Mississippi.
16. Nebraska.
16. Tennessee.
16. Vermont.
17. Florida.
17. Georgia.
17. Maryland.
17. Montana.
17. Nevada.
17. Ohio.
17. Rhode Island.
17. Wyoming.
18. Oregon.
19. Arizona.
19. Arkansas.
19. Colorado.
19. Iowa.
19. New Mexico.
14. Tennessee.
14. Utah.
15. Alabama.
15. Georgia.
15. Indiana.
15. Maryland.
15. Montana.
15. Nebraska.
15. Vermont.
15. Wyoming.
16. Arizona.
16. Arkansas.
16. Colorado.
16. New Mexico.
16. Oregon.
16. Rhode Island.
↓
16
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
TABLE 6.-Office accommodation and floor space in State departments of education


States
Number
of per-
sons per
office
room
Square
feet of
floor
space per
Number
of per-
States
sons per
office
person
in depart-
ment
room
Square
feet of
floor
space per
person
in depart-
ment
1
2
3
1
૨
2
3
Alabama
10.0
97
Nevada
2.6
77
Arizona
5.3
73
New Hampshire.
2.0
160
Arkansas
7.0
357
New Jersey…….
3.8
87
California_
1.6
163
New Mexico..
3.3
145
Colorado
5.0
105
New York.
2.8
1, 352
Connecticut
5.6
228
North Dakota.
4. 6
125
Delaware..
1. 2
555
Ohio...
12.4
36
Florida.
2.6
192
Oklahoma.
3. 4
129
Georgia
6.0
108
Oregon
3.6
363
Idaho
3.2
70
Pennsylvania.
4.8
143
Illinois-
5.9
82
Rhode Island.
4. 3
385
Indiana.
6.5
138
South Carolina.
2.8
196
Kansas
3.4
150
Tennessee
4. 4
82
Louisiana.
3. 1
114
Texas.
7.2
149
Maryland.
5.0
115
Utah
3.2
256
Massachusetts..
7.2
75
Vermont-
3. 2
154
Michigan...
3.7
146
Virginia.
1.9
310
Minnesota.
3.2
182
Washington.
3.1
Mississippi
3.6
273
West Virginia.
1.5
223
Missouri
5.6
134
Wisconsin.
4.3
149
Montana.
4.0
105
Wyoming-
3.0
118
Nebraska.
6.2
1
TABLE 7.-Cost of State departments of education ¹

States
Public-
school en-
rollment
Cost of
depart-
ment
itself 2
Cost, in
cents,
per child
enrolled
States
Public-
school en-
rollment
Cost of
depart-
ment
itself 2
Cost, in
cents,
per child
enrolled
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Arizona
75,580
$101, 896
California..
1,019, 835
106, 978
134.8
10. 5
Missouri..
732, 066
$75, 400
10.3
Nevada.
15, 638
Colorado.
29, 600
249, 813
189.3
15, 300
6. 1
New Hampshire..
Delaware.
75, 254
22, 600
38, 573
30.0
50,000
129.6
New Jersey
668, 391
Florida.
163, 033
24. 4
251, 080
27, 920
11. 1
New York.
Georgia
1,874, 302
745, 435
3, 539, 788
188.9
46, 598
6.3
Idaho.
138, 730
27, 322
19.7
Ohio...
Oklahoma.
1, 197, 954
330, 380
27.6
650,000
Illinois
32, 500
5.0
1,299, 575
113, 770
8.8
Oregon..
169, 376
Indiana
57, 280
33.8
623, 566
48, 095
7.7
Pennsylvania.
1, 703, 284
Iowa..
508, 416
29.8
537,886
40, 855
7.6
Rhode Island.
101, 643
Kansas.
427, 310
28, 500
30, 400
29.9
6.7
South Carolina……….
462, 880
Kentucky..
103, 400
22.3
543, 058
82,000
15. 1
South Dakota.
162, 588
Massachusetts
41, 850
25.7
633, 841
104, 335
16.5
Texas
1, 194, 655
Michigan.
72, 221
6.0
792, 252
125, 920
15.9
Virginia
592, 998
111, 027
18.7
Minnesota.
540, 843
170,000
31.4
West Virginia.
406, 994
Mississippi.
93, 800
23.0
780, 000
51, 250
6.6
Wisconsin.
506, 856
110,000
21.7
1 Figures represent cost for a single year, 1922-23 for some States, 1923-24 for others.
2 Represents expenditures for salaries and operation within the department itself, and does not include
disbursements of State funds by the department outside of department.
WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1925
L
AGG
Statistical Circular No. 6
mo.6
APR 27 1927
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF EDUCATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
January, 1927
COMPARISON OF CITY AND SCHOOL FINANCES
IN 95 CITIES
By FRANK M. PHILLIPS, CHIEF, DIVISION OF STATISTICS, AND NORMAN J. BOND,
PRINCIPAL STATISTICAL ASSISTANT
The National Industrial Conference Board has recently completed
a study of "The Cost of Government in the United States." This
study shows a combined income of the American people for 1924 of
$63,500,000,000, total Federal taxes of $3,229,235,000, State taxes
of $1,064,324,000, and all local taxes of $3,747,729,000, making a total
volume of taxes of $8,041,288,000. The total cost of public ele-
mentary and secondary education for 1924, as reported by State
departments of education, is $1,820,743,936. This amount is 37.84
per cent of the volume of State and local taxation, 22.64 per cent of
the whole tax burden, and 2.87 per cent of the total income.
Similar data for cities are presented in the following tables. The
material is taken partly from reports of the Bureau of the Census
and partly from schedules returned to the Bureau of Education by
the 95 cities included in the report. The estimated 1924 population
is stated for each city. From the total receipts, expenditures, and
indebtedness of these cities it is possible to compute the per capita
of population receipts, expenditures, and indebtedness for each city
as a whole and for public schools, and to show what per cent school
receipts, expenditures, and indebtedness are of those for the city in
which the schools are located. Frequently the city boundaries and
the school-district boundaries do not exactly coincide, and in a few
instances data are for calendar years instead of for fiscal years. The
data presented, therefore, occasionally differ slightly from those pre-
sented in the city school bulletin for 1924.
In 45 cities of Group I-100,000 inhabitants or more-the money
received for school purposes is 27.8 per cent of the total revenue
receipts; and in 50 cities of Group II-between 30,000 and 100,000
inhabitants-it is 35.6 per cent. In cities of Group I, 29.1 per cent
of the total expenditures went to public schools, and in Group II,
37.7 per cent were for schools. The school indebtedness in cities of
Group I is 19.6 per cent of the total city indebtedness, and in Group
II it is 40.3 per cent. The total city cost per capita of population
in cities of Group I is $60.19, and the cost for schools is $17.50. In
cities of Group II these amounts are $50.97 and $19.23, respectively.
29410°-27
2
TABLE 1.-City and school receipts in 1924 of 45 cities of Group I-Population
of 100,000 or more

City
Total revenue
receipts
Receipts
for
schools
only
1
2
&
Per
Total School cent
receipts receipts that Esti-
per
per school mated
capita capita receipts popula-
of pop- of pop- are of tion, 1924
ulation ulation total
receipts
3
4
5
6
7
Average.
$13, 443, 887
$3,730, 571
$52.99
$14.70
27.8
253, 715
Birmingham, Ala.
6, 140, 428
1, 528, 242
30.77
7.66
24.8
Oakland, Calif.
199, 559
11, 433, 689
4,391, 976
46.96
18.04
38.4
San Francisco, Calif.
243, 477
32, 754, 341
6, 320, 613
60.25
11.63
19.2
Denver, Colo.
Wilmington, Del...
Des Moines, Iowa-
543, 641
15,069, 522
4, 504, 490
54.51
16.29
29.8
276, 454
4,007, 519
1, 314, 168
33.73
11.06
32.7
118, 812
8, 028, 163
3, 141, 428
56.55
22. 13
39. 1
141, 966
Kansas City, Kans.
6, 359, 587
1, 789, 712
55.00
15. 48
28.1
115, 629
Louisville, Ky.
New Orleans, La.
9, 847, 942
28,868, 260
2, 416, 688
38. 14
9.36
24.5
258, 205
3,774, 527
70.49
9.22
13.0
Baltimore, Md..
Boston, Mass.
Cambridge, Mass.
409, 537
40, 606, 287
12, 323, 343
51.73
15.70
30.3
784, 966
62,056, 565
13, 836, 234
79.84
17.95
22.2
770, 960
6, 102, 288
1, 415, 328
52.11
12.09
23. 1
117, 104
Fall River, Mass-
6, 808, 835
1, 475, 174
53.05
11.49
21.6
Lowell, Mass.
128, 348
5, 293, 312
1, 477, 380
47.75
13.33
27.9
110, 855
New Bedford, Mass.
7,713, 366
2, 119, 668
63.95
17.57
27.4
120, 616
Springfield, Mass.
10, 223, 701
3,056, 947
72.91
21.80
29.9
140, 224
Worcester, Mass.
11, 667, 677
2, 957, 691
61.33
15. 55
25.3
Flint, Mich.
190, 244
5, 339, 562
1,905, 873
44.92
16.03
35.6
118, 868
Grand Rapids, Mich.
7, 891, 058
3, 242, 237
53.85
22. 13
41.0
146, 538
Duluth, Minn..
6, 534, 426
2, 167, 722
60.28
20.CO
33. 1
108, 401
St. Paul, Minn.
13, 279, 684
3, 284, 986
54. 44
13.47
24.7
243, 932
St. Louis, Mo..
Omaha, Nebr
Camden, N. J.
Trenton, N. J.
Albany, N. Y
Syracuse, N. Y
39, 643, 563
12, 913, 262
5, 217, 782
10, 752, 906
49. 18
13.34
27.1
806, 091
3,829, 136
62.08
18.41
29.6
208, 010
1, 836, 927
41.28
14.53
35.2
126, 400
5,756, 724
1, 770, 150
44.38
13.65
30.7
129, 714
5,784, 526
1,573, 192
49.41
13. 44
27.1
117, 072
9, 879, 618
2, 674, 789
54.73
14. $2
27.0
180, 516
Utica, N. Y.
4, 220, 062
1,374, $29
41.86
13.64
32.5
100, 814
Yonkers, N. Y
8,087, 920
2,692, 731
72.62
24.18
33.2
Canton, Ohio.
111,373
4, 649, 977
1,866, 425
45.25
18. 16
40. 1
102, 762
Columbus, Ohio.
12.614, 828
5, 195, 041
47.03
19.37
41.2
268, 229
Dayton, Ohio..
Toledo, Ohio.
Tulsa, Okla..
7, 234, 150
12, 866, 079
7,090, 359
2,536, 590
42.75
14.99
35.0
169, 220
4, 691, 379
45.89
16.73
36.4
280, 368
2, 431, 067
66. 20
22.70
34.2
107, 105
Philadelphia, Pa..
104, 916, 560
27,938, 715
53.77
14.32
26.6
1, 951, 210
Reading, Pa..
3, 353, 052
1, 421, 864
29.99
12.72
42. 4
111, 806
Scranton, Pa.
4, 413, 772
1,875, 819
31.20
13.26 |
42.4
141, 467
Nashville, Tenn.
4,333, 920
866, 835
35. 11
7.02
20.0
123, 438
Dallas, Tex..
7, 136, 734
2, 326, 866
38.76
12.64
32.6
184, 126
Fort Worth, Tex.
4,350, 351
1, 550, 187
29.80
10.62
35.6
145, 985
Houston, Tex
7, 178, 831
2,299, 588
44.85
14.37
32.0
160, 063
San Antonio, Tex..
5, 511, 922
2, 015, 236
29.40
10.75
36.5
187, 480
Salt Lake City, Utah
5, 986, 932
2, 433, 538
46. 57
18.93
40.6
128, 558
Richmond, Va..
8, 960, 122
1,904, 355
48.71
10.35
21.3
183, 948
Tacoma, Wash.
6, 847, 634
1, 572, 973
66. 42
15. 26
22.9
103, 096
3
TABLE 2.-City and school expenditures in 1924 of 45 cities of Group I-Popu-
lation of 100,000 or more

Total
expenditures
of cities for
City
current
purposes,
interest, and
outlays
Similar
expenditures
for schools
only
1
2
Total Expendi-
expenditures for
tures of schools
cities per
capita of
popula-
tion
per
capita of
popula-
tion
Par cent
that
school
expendi-
tures are
of total
expendi-
tures
3
4
5
6
Average
$15, 271, 854
$4, 440, 588
$60. 19
$17.50
29.1
Birmingham, Ala
6,761, 120
1,719, 143
33.88
8.61
25.4
Oakland, Calif...
11, 556, 593
5, 366, 356
47.46
22.04
46.4
San Francisco, Calif.
39, 245, 145
7, 694, 663
72.38
14.15
19.5
Denver, Colo.
24,076, 407
6, 539, 426
87.09
23.65
27.1
Wilmington, Del.
4, 028, 184
1,367, 190
33.90
11.51
33.9
Des Moines, Iowa.
Kansas City, Kans.
Louisville, Ky.
New Orleans, La.
Baltimore, Md.
Boston, Mass.
Cambridge, Mass.
8, 444, 152
3, 538, 419
59.48
24.92
41.9
9, 517, 851
2, 976, 689
82.31
25.74
31.3
10,919,235
2, 452.040
42. 29
9.50
22.4
20, 160, 344
4,019, 340
49.23
9.81
19.9
42, 545, 207
13, 672, 630
54.20
17.42
32. 1
63, 974, 308
16, 673, 522
82.98
21.63
26.0
6, 291, 051
1,827, 320
53.72
15.60
29.0
Fall River, Mass.
7,821.999
2,377, 499
60.94
18.52
30.3
Lowell, Mass.
5, 782, 975
1, 460, 387
52.17
13.17
25.2
New Bedford, Mass.
7, 481, 793
1, 946, 656
62.03
16. 14
26.0
Springfield, Mass.
14, 363, 917
3,823, 880
102. 44
27.27
26.6
Worcester, Mass.
12, 793, 638
3,913, 920
67.25
20.57
30.5
Flint, Mich.
7, 752. 472
2,802, 510
65.22
23.58
36. 1
Grand Rapids, Mich.
9, 623, 310
4, 270, 789
65.67
29.14
44. 3
Duluth, Minn.
6, 586, 536
2, 195, 845
60.76
20.26
33.3
St. Paul, Minn.
St. Louis, Mo..
Omaha, Nebr...
Camden, N. J.
Trenton, N. J.
17, 075, 036
4, 964, 668
70.00
20.35
29.0
36, 859. 098
10, 274, 012
45.73
12.75
27.8
15, 792, 131
5, 191, 527
75.92
24.96
32.8
8, 081, 163
2, 374, 972
63.93
18.79
29.3
7, 493, 776
3,036, 767
57.77
23.41
40.5
Albany, N. Y.
7,882, 740
1, 575, 042
67.33
13.45
19.9
Syracuse, N. Y.
12, 322, 860
2,085, 081
68.26
11.55
16.9
Utica, N. Y.
5, 486, 584
1, 709, 473
54. 42
16.96
31.1
Yonkers, N. Y
10, 317.456
3,690, 996
49.60
33.14
35.7
Canton, Ohio..
4,634,018
1, 915, 113
45.09
18. 64
41.3
Columbus, Ohio..
16, 018, 548
6, 018, 736
59.72
22.44
Dayton, Ohio.
37.6
Toledo, Ohio.
Tulsa, Okla.
Philadelphia, Pa.
8, 479, 395
15, 023, 129
11, 138, 105
122, 445, 730
3,487,056
50. 11
20.61
41.2
5, 489, 720
53.58
19.58
36.5
2,208, 296
33, 137, 164
103.99
20.62
19.8
62.75
16.98
27.0
Reading, Pa.
3,856, 345
2, 155, 955
34.49
19.28
Nashville, Tenn.
Scranton, Pa.
Dallas, Tex..
Fort Worth, Tex..
55.9
5,530, 374
2, 992, 327
39.09
21. 15
54. 1
4, 481, 562
8, 124, 463
712.075
36.31
5.77
15.8
2, 756, 985
44. 12
14.97
33.V
6,984. 183
1, 616, 384
47.84
11.07
23.1
Houston, Tex.
San Antonio, Tex..
Richmond, Va……….
Tacoma, Wash.
8, 542, 031
2,250, 707
53.37
14.06
26.4
6, 513.398
3, 469, 430
34.74
Salt Lake City, Utah.
18.51
53.2
5,632, 269
2, 319, 488
43.81
18.04
41. 1
11,594, 807
1, 949, 805
63.03
10.60
16.8
7,095, 582
1,806, 423
68.82
17.52
25.4
4
TABLE 3.-City and school indebtedness in 1924 of 45 cities of Group I-Popu-
lation of 100,000 or more

Net in-
debted-
Net indebt | Indebtedness
ness of
School
indebt-
edness
City
edness of
cities
for schools
only
cities per
per
capita of
popula-
tion
capita of
popula-
tion
1
2
Per cent
that
school
indebt-
edness
is of total
indebt-
edness
3
4
5
6
Average.
$22, 397, 335
$4,386, 005
1 $89.99
2 $17.62
3 19.6
Birmingham, Ala.
Oakland, Calif..
9, 898, 170
10,952, 329
4,051, 000
5,072, 066
49.60
20.30
40.9
44.98
20.83
46.0
San Francisco, Calif..
76, 301, 690
11, 475,000
140. 35
21. 11
15.0
Denver, Colo..
26, 189, 566
Wilmington, Del..
10, 362, 773
6,656, 462
265, 000
94. 73
24.08
25.4
87.22
2. 23
2.5
Des Moines, Iowa.
Louisville, Ky
New Orleans, La.
Baltimore, Md.
Boston, Mass.
Cambridge, Mass.
Kansas City, Kans.
14, 444, 914
12, 770, 696
12.609, 394
42, 460, 565
$7, 316, 792
87,829, 695
6,336, 576
4,349,042
3, 014, 074
101.76
30.63
30. 1
110.44
26.07
23. 6
1, 838, 960
1,767, 400
52. 71
7. 12
13.5
103. 68
4.32
4. 1
112.87
8,705,000
844, 250
113.00
11. 29
9.9
54. 12
7. 21
13.3
Fall River, Mass.
9, 712, 754
75.67
Lowell, Mass.
5, 799, 653
2, 285, 250
52.32
20. 61
39.4
New Bedford, Mass.
12, 199, 185
2, 933, 000
101. 15
24.32
24. 0
Springfield, Mass.
15, 678, 604
Worcester, Mass.
Flint, Mich..
8, 104, 354
14,075, 305
3,739,000
954,000
6,061, 800
111.81
26.60
23.7
42.60
5. 01.
11.7
118. 41
51.00
43.0
Grand Rapids, Mich.
7,808, 173
4, 041, 100
53.28
27.58
51.7
A
Duluth, Minn..
9, 295, 175
2,525,000
85. 75
23. 29
27. 1
St. Paul, Minn.
St. Louis, Mo.
Omaha, Nebr.
Camden, N. J
Trenton, N. J
Albany, N. Y.
Syracuse, N. Y
Utica, N. Y
12, 173, 377
16, 973, 438
6,271, 185
22, 568, 733
20,892, 391
29, 883,347
8,698, 539
8, 436.066
5,046, 000
92.52
20.69
22.8
1,862, 545
25.92
2.31
8.9
7, 952, 923
143.66
38.23
26. $
2, 950,000
68.82
23.34
33.9
3, 402,000
65. 04
26. 23
40.3
1,876, 151
103.99
16.03
15.4
94. 11
1,908, 058
62.20
18. 93
30.4
Yonkers, N. Y
15,000, 697
5, 288, 550
134. 69
47.49
35.2
Canton, Ohio..
11, 227, 378
5, 559, 616
109.26
54. 10
49.5
Columbus, Ohio...
24, 999, 869
7, 695, 000
93. 21
28.69
30.8
Dayton, Ohio..
11, 773, 815
Toledo, Ohio.
28, 856, 906
4,804, 000
9,910,000
69.57
28.39
40.8
102.93
35. 35
34.4
Tulsa, Okla..
11, 790, 589
2,206, 320
110, 08
20.60
18. 7
Philadelphia, Pa.
218, 183, 893
25, 678, 176
111.83
13. 16
11. 7
Reading, Pa...
5,931, 700
3,371, 230
53. 05
30. 15
56.8
Scranton, Pa..
4, 008, 908
1,903, 916
28. 34
13. 46
47.4
Nashville, Tenn.
Dallas, Tex..
Fort Worth, Tex.
10, 965, 292
1,044, 000
88.84
8.46
9.5
17, 025, 059
92. 46
12, 341, 824
2, 030, 000
84. 55
13. 91
16. 4
Houston, Tex.
San Antonio, Tex.
Salt Lake City, Utah.
Richmond, Va……….
Tacoma, Wash.
18, 583, 606
3, 095, 842
116. 10
19. 34
16.6
9,065, 565
2, 921, 242
48.35
15.58
32.2
9, 524, 804
3, 373, 604
74.09
26. 24
35. 1
23, 696, 631
128.82
10, 598, 107
992, 600
102. 80
9.63
9.3
1 The total population of the 45 cities was used to derive the total per capita.
Excludes the population of the cities failing to report indebtedness for schools only.
Excludes the population and the total indebtedness of the 5 cities failing to report for schools only.
5
TABLE 4.-City and school receipts in 1924 of 50 cities of Group II-Population
between 30,000 and 100,000

City
Total rev-
enue receipts
of cities
Revenue re-
ceipts for
schools only
2
Revenue
Revenue
receipts receipts
of cities for schools
per capita per capita
of popu- of popu-
lation lation
Per cent
that
school re-
ceipts are
of total
receipts
3
4
5
6

Average
Montgomery, Ala
Berkeley, Calif.
Sacramento, Calif.
Quincy, Ill..
$2, 434, 796
$868, 585
$44.64
$15.92
35.6
1,309, 967
283,069
28.69
6.20
21.6
2,991, 965
1,393, 370
46.90
21.84
46.5
5, 101, 879
1,833, 554
71.75
25.79
35.9
1, 425, 523
532, 811
38.06
14.23
37.3
East Chicago, Ind.
2,054, 662
676, 505
46.88
15.44
32.9
Evansville, Ind..
Fort Wayne, Ind
Gary, Ind.
Muncie, Ind.
3,556, 239
1, 273, 094
38.62
13.83
35.7
5, 215, 704
1,784, 294
54.50
18.64
34.2
3, 101, 290
1,263, 558
42.51
17.32
40.7
1, 455, 094
702, 084
35. 14
16.96
48.2
South Bend, Ind.
5, 108, 391
1,742, 988
65.10
22.21
34. 1
Terre Haute, Ind..
2, 802, 175
1,397, 446
39.89
19.89
49.8
Dubuque, Iowa.
1, 745, 912
611, 917
44, 32
15.53
35.0
Covington, Ky
Quincy, Mass.
Hamtramck, Mich
Muskegon, Mich.
Fontiac, Mich….
1,664, 682
426, 115
28.66
7.34
25.5
5, 618, 504
795, 305
106.37
15.06
14. 1
2,502, 853
858, 073
35.41
12.14
34.2
2, 142, 074
867, 812
51.12
20.71
40.5
2,388, 938
959, 303
56, 79
22.80
40.1
Perth Amboy, N. J..
2,065, 519
582,947
44.76
12.63
28.2
West Hoboken, N. J.
1,288, 905
530, 209
30.51
12.55
41.1
Amsterdam, N. Y.
1,394, 506
579, 423
39.88
16.57
41.5
Auburn, N. Y
1,278, 828
438,035
35.71
12.23
34.2
Binghamton, N. Y
3, 431, 070
1,076, 941
48.29
15. 16
31.3
Jamestown, N. Y..
2,345, 458
791, 330
55.90
18. 86
33.7
Mount Vernon, N. Y
3,051, 331
1, 334, 608
63.38
27.72
43.7
New Rochelle, N. Y.
3, 160, 661
948, 363
73.74
22.13
30.0
Niagara Falls, N. Y
-
3, 611, 628
1,054, 691
64.53
18.84
29.2
Poughkeepsie, N. Y
1,591, 087
369,203
44.75
10.38
23.2
Troy, N. Y
3, 419, 026
966, 667
47.36
13.39
28.2
Winston-Salem, N. C..
2, 122, 407
505, 848
35.83
8.54
23.8
Lakewood, Ohio..
3,023, 212
1,532,596
55.95
28.36
50.6
Lorain, Ohio.
Portsmouth, Ohio..
Allentown, Pa...
2,080, 834
1,343, 609
2, 339, 895
827,280
50.27
19.99
39.7
483, 133
35.02
12.59
35.9
1, 218. 967
26.07
13.58
52.0
Altoona, Pa
2,080, 771
1, 008, 848
31.86
15.45
Bethlehem, Pa.
48.4
2, 159, 920
996, 561
35.28
16.28
46. 1
Harrisburg, Pa.
2, 969, 169
1, 474, 318
36.09
17.92
49.6
McKeesport, Pa
1,764, 425
825, 043
36.25
16.95
46.7
Norristown, Pa..
714, 742
418, 600
20.79
12. 18
Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
58.5
2,756, 640
1, 496, 139
35.82
19. 44
Charleston, S. C.
54.2
3, 235, 600
509, 510
44.82
7.06
15.7
Columbia, S. C..
1,341, 394
387, 129
33.28
Chattanooga,
9.60
28.8
Tenn.
1,839, 002
452, 420
27.98
6.88
Austin, Tex.
24. 6
1,783, 133
356, 543
47.93
9.58
Beaumont, Tex.
19.9
1, 524, 225
351, 695
31.90
7.36
Waco, Tex.
23.0
1, 597, 912
451, 589
38.18
10.79
28.2
Ogden, Utah.
1, 640, 581
666, 580
45. 41
18. 45
Charleston, W. Va.
25.2
2, 191, 956
1, 118, 333
47.19
Huntington, W. Va.
24.08
51.0
2, 568, 484
1, 149, 974
42.24
Green Bay, Wis..
18.91
44.7
1, 467, 467
444, 406
43.55
13. 19
Kenosha, Wis.
30.2
2,370, 591
680, 015
48.49
13.91
28.6
6
TABLE 5.-City and school expenditures in 1924 of 50 cities of Group II—Popu-
lation between 30,000 and 100,000
City
Total ex-
penditures
of cities
for current
Similar
expendi-
tures for
purposes,
interest, and
schools
only
outlays
Total
expendi-
tures of
cities per
capita
of popu-
lation
Expendi-
tures for
schools
per capita
of popu-
lation
Per cent
that
school
expendi-
tures are
of total
expendi-
tures
Esti-
mated
popula-
tion, 1924

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Average.
$2,779, 983 $1,048, 674
$50.97
$19.23
37.7
54, 544
Montgomery, Ala.
1,706, 530
585, 489
37.38
Berkeley, Calif..
12.82
34.3
45, 659
2,740, 665
1,547, 779
Sacramento, Calif.
42.96
24.26
56.4
63.795
6, 369, 497
Quincy, Ill..
2,369, 407
89.58
33.32
37. 1
71, 106
1,348, 705
East Chicago, Ind.
507, 328
35.99
13. 55
37.6
37, 455
2, 336, 554
1, 009, 054
53. 31
23.02
43. 1
43, 828
Evansville, Ind.
3,893, 978
1,653, 591
42. 29
Fort Wayne, Ind.
17.96
42. 4
92,083
5, 600, 225
Gary, Ind..
2,078, 620
58.52
21. 72
37. 1
95, 701
3, 523, 417
1,664, 523
48. 29
Muncie, Ind.
22.82
47.2
72, 954
1, 330, 676
650, 285
32. 14
South Bend, Ind..
15.70
48.8
41, 408
5,797, 691
2,025, 652
73.88
25.81
34.9
78,470
Terre Haute, Ind..
3,006, 196
1,262, 416
42.79
Dubuque, Iowa..
17.97
41.9
70, 248
2, 383, 247
692, 767
60.50
Covington, Ky.
17.59
29.0
39, 393
1, 471, 958
398, 677
25. 34
Quincy, Mass.
6.86
27.0
58, 084
1,348, 705
507, 328
35.99
13.55
Hamtramck, Mich.
37.6
52, 820
3, 407, 938
1,297, 643
48. 22
18.36
28.0
70,682
Muskegon, Mich..
2, 714, 400
819, 132
64.78
Pontiac, Mich.
19. 55
30. 1
41, 903
2,099, 711
844, 333
49.91
20.07
Perth Amboy, N. J
40.2
42, 066
2,803, 951
788, 524
60.76
West Hoboken, N. J.
17.09
28.1
46, 147
1, 564, 161
617, 198
37.03
14. 61
39.4
Amsterdam, N. Y
42, 245
1,607, 750
955, 056
45.98
27.31
59.4
34.968
Portsmouth, Ohio..
Auburn, N. Y
Binghamton, N. Y
Jamestown, N. Y.
Mount Vernon, N. Y
New Rochelle, N. Y
Niagara Falls, N. Y
Poughkeepsie, N. Y
Troy, N. Y.
Winston-Salem, N. C
Lakewood, Ohio..
Lorain, Ohio..
Allentown, Pa..
Altoona, Pa...
1,454, 278
450, 753
40.61
12.59
30.9
35, 811
4, 634, 304
1, 183, 804
65. 23
16. 66
25.5
71, 051
2,823, 288
1, 205, 928
67.29
28. 74
42.7
41, 958
3,821, 637
1, 669, 935
79.38
34. 69
43. 6
48, 143
3,368, 569
1, 141, 154
78.59
26. 62
33.8
42, 862
4,645, 835
1, 844, 050
83.01
32.95
39.6
55,968
1, 964, 120
456, 033
55. 24
12.83
23.2
35, 555
3,937, 610
911. 295
54.55
12. 62
23. 1
72, 192
4,323, 014
1, 407, 500
72.98
23.76
32.5
59, 235
3, 463, 057
1,845, 168
64.09
34. 15
53.2
54, 034
1, 985, 963
759, 416
47.98
18.35
38.3
41, 393
1,932, 412
2, 485, 004
2,716, 318
546, 723
50.37
14. 25
28.2
38, 367
1, 336, 574
27.69
14.89
53.7
89, 754
1,435, 858
41. 59
21.99
52.8
Bethlehem, Pa.
65, 310
2, 751, 644
1,257, 165
44.95
20.53
45.6
61, 222
Harrisburg, Pa...
McKeesport, Pa.
3, 230, 144
1, 465, 151
39.26
17.81
45. 3
82, 271
Norristown, Pa.
2,079, 415
787, 182
873, 609
42.72
17.95
42.0
48, 674
546, 860
22.90
15.91
69.4
Wilkes Barre, Pa.
34, 379
3, 408, 414
1,459, 652
44. 29
18.97
42.8
Charleston, S. C..
76, 958
4, 710, 788
606, 973
65. 25
8. 41
12.8
72, 191
Columbia, S. C.
1,443, 603
484, 815
35.82
12.03
33.5
40, 306
Chattanooga, Tenn.
2,528, 587
792, 298
38.47
12.05
31.3
65, 726
Austin, Tex..
1,896, 764
471, 639
50.98
12.68
24.8
Beaumont, Tex.
37,203
2, 731, 972
521, 300
57. 18
10.91
19.0
Waco, Tex..
47, 781
1, 502, 076
522, 870
35.89
12.49
34.8
41, 852
Ogden, Utah.
1,680, 471
660, 445
46. 51
18.28
39.3
Charleston, W. Va..
Huntington, W. Va...
Green Bay, Wis...
Kenosha, Wis.
36, 128
1, 994, 218
969, 107
42.93
20.86
48. 5
46, 450
2,860, 719
1,819, 527
2,962, 265
1, 391, 974
47.05
22.89
48.6
60, 807
868, 551
54.00
25.78
47.7
33, 696
1,072, 287
60. 59
21.93
36. 1
48,828
}
7
TABLE 6.-City and school indebtedness in 1924 of 50 cities of Group II—Popu-
lation between 30,000 and 100,000
City
Net indebted-
ness of cities
Indebtedness!
for schools
only
Net in-
debted-
ness of
cities per
capita of
Indebted-
popula-
tion
ness for
schools
Per cent
that
school
indebted-
per capita ness is of
of popu-
lation
total in-
debted-
ness

1
2
3
4
5
6
Average..
Montgomery, Ala.
Berkeley, Calif.
$3,849, 602
$1,552, 391
$70.58
$28. 46
40.3
3, 750, 749
500,000
82.15
10.95
13.3
3, 325, 801
2, 313, 031
Sacramento, Calif.
Quincy, Ill..
11, 155, 777
4, 623, 709
52. 13
156.89
36. 26
69.5
65.03
41. 4
Perth Amboy, N. Y.
Winston-Salem, N. C..
Lakewood, Ohio..
East Chicago, Ind.
Evansville, Ind.
Fort Wayne, Ind.
Gary, Ind.
Muncie, Ind
South Bend, Ind.
Terre Haute, Ind.
Dubuque, Iowa.
Covington, Ky
Quincy, Mass.
Hamtramck, Mich
Muskegon, Mich.
Pontiac, Mich..
West Hoboken, N. J.
Amsterdam, N. Y.
Auburn, N. J..
Binghamton, N. Y
Jamestown, N. Y.
Mount Vernon, N. Y
New Rochelle, N. Y
Niagara Falls, N. Y.
Poughkeepsie, N. Y
Troy, N. Y...
2, 466, 664
1, 249, 502
4,892, 672
2, 489, 872
2, 603, 538
2,823, 217
4, 137, 251
9,296,399
2,617, 488
5, 595, 837
6, 087, 844
7, 223, 300
3,929,000
197, 000
1,978, 475
155, 000
5. 26
4. 14
78.6
1, 385, 000
45. 14
31.60
70.0
3,755, 770
1, 714, 100
40.79
18. 61
45.6
3,789, 184
2, 986, 000
39.60
31, 20
78.8
1,672, 000
33.81
22.92
67.7
920, 256
30. 18
22.22
73.6
2, 884,000
62.35
36. 75
58.9
792, 672
1,322, 088
35. 44
11. 28
31.8
66.10
33.56
50.7
352, 034
48.60
6.06
12.4
3, 141, 050
1, 207, 000
59.47
22.85
38. 4
3, 986, 918
2,751, 486
56.40
38.93
69.0
2,882, 761
847, 060
68.80
20. 21
29.3
4, 512, 107
1,930, 232
107.26
45.89
42.7
4,897, 526
833,900
106. 12
18. 07
17.0
1,088, 580
520,000
25.77
12.31
47.8
2,241, 684
1,571, 382
64. 11
44.94
70.0
939, 345
142,000
26.23
3.97
15. 1
5, 089, 690
2, 190, 000
71.64
30.82
43.0
3,532, 704
1, 497, 500
84.19
35.69
42.3
7, 983, 605
2, 344, 050
165.83
48.69
29.3
1,704, 000
96.52
39.76
41. 1
166. 09
70.20
42.3
532,000
73.62
14.96
20.3
944, 250
77.52
13.08
16.8
2,056, 000
102. 76
34.71
33. 7
4, 604, 892
133.67
85.22
63. 7
Lorain, Ohio.
Portsmouth, Ohio.
4,306, 540
3, 176, 694
1,823, 156
104. 04
44. 05
42.3
1,368, 161
82.80
35.66
43.0
Allentown, Pa.
3, 515, 741
2, 407, 830
39. 18
26.83
68. 4
Altoona, Pa.
3,010, 574
1,598, 560
46. 10
24.48
Bethlehem, Pa.
53.0
6, 755, 137
3, 419, 436
110.33
55. $5
50.6
Harrisburg, Pa.
5, 242, 098
2,002,867
63.71
24. 34
McKeesport, Pa..
38.2
1,930, 390
969, 374
39.66
19.92
Norristown, Pa..
50.2
1,030, 601
791, 400
29.98
Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
23.02
76.7
3,020, 723
Charleston, S. C.
625,000
39. 26
8. 12
20. 6
8,871, 842
488, 094
122.90
6.76
5.5
Columbia, S. C...
2,374, 527
Chattanooga, Tenn.
6, 719, 604
383,643
1,650,000
58.91
9.52
16. 1
102. 25
Austin, Tex.
25. 10
24. 5
3, 121, 630
Beaumont, Tex..
Waco, Tex..
3,801, 998
2,657, 028
955, 000
807,000
1,043,000
83.91
25. 67
30.5
79.57
16.89
21.2
63.49
24.92
39.2
Ogden, Utah.
3, 284, 762
923, 730
90.92
Charleston, W. Va.
25.57
28. 1
2, 457, 462
1, 230, 500
52.90
Huntington, W. Va.
26.49
50.0
2, 228, 760
Green Bay, Wis.
1,618, 140
36.65
26.61
72.6
2, 768, 700
950,000
$2.17
Kenosha, Wis..
28. 19
34.3
2, 473, 000
1,340, 000
50.59
27.41
54. 1
ADDITIONAL COPIES
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AT
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L
111
A66
Statistical Circular No. 7
no.7
MAY 12 1927
AUG 25 S
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
US. BUREAU OF EDUCATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
March, 1927
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1925-26
PREPARED IN THE STATISTICAL DIVISION
FRANK M. PHILLIPS, CHIEF
The tables in this report contain an analysis of current expenses
per student in average daily attendance in 247 city school systems
for the school year 1925-26, arranged according to the cost per
student, in groups of cities of the sizes indicated.
Under general control are included all expenditures that go toward
the administration of the schools as a whole. It includes salaries.
and expenses of school-board members, superintendents of schools
and their offices, superintendents of buildings, business managers,
attendance officers, and those in charge of school census who are not
field workers; rentals and cost of operation and maintenance of
administration buildings.
Cost of instruction includes salaries and expenses of teachers, super-
visors of instruction, supervising principals devoting at least half
time to supervision of instruction, educational supplies, free text-
books, such library books as are used to supplement directly the
work of the classroom teacher, and those expenditures that go
toward improving the quality of teaching.
Under operation of plant are included all expenditures used in
keeping the school buildings open and ready for use. This includes
cost of fuel, light, and water; salaries, expenses, and supplies of
janitors, engineers, watchmen, and other building employees.
Maintenance costs include all expenditures for keeping the school
plant (grounds, buildings, and equipment) in good repair, but do not
include improvements and additions.
Under coordinate activities are included salaries and expenses of
all field workers in compulsory attendance; and medical, dental, and
nurse service. Auxiliary agencies include transportation of pupils,
school gardens, operation of playgrounds, savings banks, etc.
Fixed charges include payments for pensions, rent, insurance, and
taxes, but do not include interest charges.
Capital outlays (expenditures for grounds, buildings, and con-
tents) are not included in current expenses, nor are allowances for
depreciation of property values.
38801-27--1
2
1925-1926
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS,
Current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 247 city school systems, 1925-26
GROUP I-CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE (35 CITIES)
General control
Instruction in day
schools
Operation of plant
Maintenance of
plant
Coordinate activi-
ties and auxil-
iary agencies
Fixed charges
Cities
Total
current
expenses
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
1
2
K
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Yonkers, N. Y
$145. 55
$2.62
1.8
$117. 15
80.5
$11.96
8.2
$5.05
3.5
$2.32
1.6
Buffalo, N. Y
139.48
2.07
1.5
100.04
71.7
15.97
11.5
11. 62
8.3
2.76
2.0
$6.45
7.02
4. 4
5.0
Los Angeles, Calif.
129.96
6.37
4.9
104. 05
80. 1
10.68
8.2
3.93
3.0
4. 12
3.2
.81
.6
Springfield, Mass.
126.97
4.08
3.2
96.75
76.2
16.68
13. 1
6. 23
4.9
3. 11
2.5
.12
1
Grand Rapids, Mich
124.98
3. 47
2.8
96.63
77.3
15.62
12.5
6. 31
5. 1
1.93
1.5
1.02
.8
Pittsburgh, Pa.
122. 49
4. 71
3.9
85.30
69.6
14.60
11.9
13.09
10.7
1.50
1.2
3.29
2.7
Washington, D. C.
120.87
2.47
2.0
95.96
79.4
11.87
9.8
8. 16
6.8
1.22
1.0
1. 19
1.0
Newark, N. J.
117.29
4. 51
3.9
94.80
80.8
9.86
8.4
4.04
3.4
3.93
3.4
.15
.1
Paterson, N. J..
114. 91
2. 42
2. 1
93.73
81.6
12.01
10.4
3. 12
2.7
2. 47
2.2
1. 16
1.0
Des Moines, Iowa
114.66
4. 16
3.6
87.68
76.5
14.52
12.7
4. 13
3.6
.76
.7
3. 41
2.9
Albany, N. Y.
112. 13
1.75
1.6
87.32
77.9
13.49
12.0
2. 13
1.9
3.08
2.7
4.36
3.9
Trenton, N. J.
111.33
5. 12
4. 6
85.07
76.4
10.35
9.3
6.46
5.8
3.08
2.8
1.25
1. 1
Oakland, Calif.
106. 79
2.85
2.7
89.98
84.3
7.98
7.5
3. 24
3.0
1.55
1. 4
1. 19
1. 1
Denver, Colo.
105. 40
4. 19
4.0
86. 18
81.8
7.84
7.4
2.39
2.3
2.60
2.4
2. 20
2. 1
Boston, Mass.
105.35
5.81
5.5
76.90
73.0
8.85
8.4
9. 34
8.9
2.81
2.7
1.64
1.5
Dayton, Ohio.
104.89
4. 10
3.9
75.44
71.9
9. 19
8.8
9.56
9. 1
3. 71
3.5
2.89
2.8
St. Louis, Mo.
102.63
5.59
5. 4
75.96
74.0
10.96
10.7
7.27
7.1
2.85
2.8
Omaha, Nebr.
102. 54
4.03
3.9
77.97
76.0
10. 41
10. 2
2.32
2.3
2.06
2.0
5. 75
5.6
Chicago, Ill.
102. 07
4.00
3.9
76.90
75.4
10. 15
9.9
5. 16
5. 1
3.79
3.7
2. 07
2.0
Camden, N. J.
101.64
1. 97
1.9
82.97
81.7
10.29
10. 1
4. 19
4. 1
1.73
1.7
.49
5
Portland, Oreg
95. 96
4. 20
4.4
75.11
78.3
8.66
9.0
3.82
4.0
2. 12
2.2
2.05
2. 1
Minneapolis, Minn.
95.76
2.75
2.9
72.33
75.5
13. 28
13.9
4.58
4.8
2.35
2. 4
.47
.5
Spokane, Wash.
95.74
2.13
2. 2
76. 11
79.5
10.50
11.0
4.93
5.2
1.58
1.6
.49
5
155
Seattle, Wash.
94.52
2.74
2.9
75.35
79.7
9.87
10.5
4. 38
4.6
2. 18
2.3
Philadelphia, Pa.
94.38
3.95
4.2
72.09
76.4
7.19
7.6
4.03
4. 3
2. 68
2.8
4. 44
4.7
New Bedford, Mass.
93.67
2.93
3. 1
75.02
80. 1
10.44
11.2
3.31
3.5
1.97
2. 1
St. Paul, Minn.
92.31
3.82
4. 1
71.01
76.9
12. 60
13. 7
2.98
3.2
1.84
2.0
.06
.1
Cambridge, Mass.
87.75
3.92
4. 5
68.80
78.4
8.98
10.2
3.05
3.5
3.00
3.4
Reading, Pa.
85.53
4. 29
5.0
63.47
74.2
9.78
11.4
3.04
3.6
2.47
2.9
2.48
2.9
Wilmington, Del.
83.53
2.89
3.5
67.35
80.6
6. 43
7.7
5. 62
6.7
.87
1.0
.37
.5
U.S. Yout.
gist
18-10-1937
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1925-1926
Bridgeport, Conn.
82.71
2.38
2.9
68. 12
82.4
8.36
10. 1
3.65
4. 4
.20
.2
Fort Worth, Tex
72.93
2. 10
2.9
61.62
84.5
3.91
5.3
3.33
4. 6
1.32
1.8
.65
.9
New Orleans, La.
71.60
.83
1.2
58.97
82.4
3. 81
5.3
6.91
9.6
1.08
1.5
Norfolk, Va..
64.02
1. 22
1. 9
53.40
83.4
6. 73
10. 5
1.78
2.8
.89
1.4
Birmingham, Ala.
57.83
1.59
2.7
48. 04
83. 1
4. 33
7.5
2.67
4.6
50
.9
.70
1. 2
Average
104.82
3.94
3.7
80.57
76.9
10.09
9.6
5.51
5.3
2.72
2.6
1.99
1.9
GROUP II.-CITIES OF 30,000 TO 100,000 POPULATION (60 CITIES)
Long Beach, Calif.
$138. 54
$3.55
2.6
$108. 47
78.3
$16.62
12.0
$3.90
2.8
$4.50
3.2
$1.50
1.1
Mount Vernon, N. Y
135. 15
3.83
2.8
101. 73
75.3
11.61
8.6
4.39
3.2
11.47
8.5
2.12
1.6
Sacramento, Calif.
126. 26
3.90
3. 1
106.82
84.6
10. 53
8.4
2.30
1.8
2. 44
1.9
.27
.2
East Orange, N. J.
125.29
3. 41
2.7
104. 17
83. 2
11.17
8.9
2.96
2.4
2.78
2.2
Colorado Springs, Colo.
.80
.6
125.10
4.89
3.9
102. 21
81.7
9.73
7.8
4. 91
3.9
1.95
1.6
1.41
1.1
Berkeley, Calif.
121.09
5.05
4.2
99.02
81.8
10.09
8.3
3. 65
3.0
2. 26
1.9
1.02
Waterbury, Conn.
120.35
2.47
2.1
93.48
77.7
19.29
16.0
4. 28
3.6
Holyoke, Mass.
.06
.0
.77
113.79
3. 44
3.0
81.43
71.6
17.95
15.8
7.74
6.8
3.00
2.6
.23
.2
Davenport, Iowa.
112.89
4. 27
3.8
81.62
72.3
14.87
13. 1
5. 05
4.5
Meriden, Conn.
3. 14
2.8
3.94
3.5
112. 63
2.62
2.3
87.81
78.0
11.76
10. 4
4.92
4.4
4. 29
3.8
1.23
1.1
96251
8
Fresno, Calif.
111. 12
7.06
6.3
92.55
83.3
7.42
6.7
2. 05
1.8
1. 41
1.3
.63
6
Terre Haute, Ind.
110. 61
4. 15
3.7
79.22
71.6
14.33
13.0
2.80
2.5
9.45
8.6
Jamestown, N. Y.
. 66
.6
105.84
3. 45
3.2
77.13
72.9
12.26
11.6
5. 21
4.9
2.97
2.8
4.82
4.6
Harrisburg, Pa.
105. 08
3.88
3.7
76.73
73.0
10.06
9.6
8.11
7.7
4. 33
4.1
1.97
1.9
Lincoln, Nebr
104.49
6.30
6.0
74.49
71.3
11.76
11.3
6. 64
6.4
2.95
2.8
2.35
2.2
Sioux City, Iowa.
103.79
2.73
2.6
81.08
78. 1
11.68
11.3
5.39
5.2
2. 84
2.7
.07
.1
Schenectady, N. Y
102, 94
2.02
2.0
76. 27
74. 1
12.12
11.8
5. 21
5.0
3. 42
3.3
3.90
3.8
Fort Wayne, Ind.
102.31
3.26
3.2
75.54
73.8
15. 11
14.8
5. 46
5.3
1.75
1.7
1.19
1.2
Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
101.89
4. 32
4. 2
76.77
75.3
13. 14
12.9
3.53
3.5
1.10
1.1
3.03
3.0
South Bend, Ind.
101.69
3. 62
3.5
69.12
68.0
12.29
12.1
5.79
5.7
10.47
10.3
.40
4
Passaic, N. J.
101, 56
2.73
2.7
82.31
81.0
9.74
9.6
3.79
3.7
2.70
2.7
.29
.3
Battle Creek, Mich.
97. 18
4. 54
4. 7
68.29
70.3
12.81
13.2
5.96
6.1
4. 63
4.7
.95
Green Bay, Wis.
1.0
97. 15
2.36
2.4
72.70
74.8
12. 29
12.7
1.95
2.0
3.36
3.5
4.49
Sheboygan, Wis.
4.6
96.96
3.85
4.0
72.65
74.9
12.31
12.7
5.72
5.9
2.08
2. 1
Bay City, Mich.
.35
.4
96.90
2.84
2.9
74.91
77.3
14. 05
14.5
3.07
3.2
1.88
1.9
· 15
30642
Topeka, Kans
95.94
2.37
2.5
65. 10
67.9
11.50
12.0
4. 62
4.8
2.33
2.4
10.02
10.4
Elmira, N. Y.
95. 56
2.63
2.8
73.31
76.7
8. 44
8.8
3.03
3.2
3.49
3.6
4.66
4.9
Duluth, Minn.
95.31
3.69
3.9
69.66
73. 1
12.15
12.7
4.37
4.6
2.83
3.0
2.61
2.7
Rockford, Ill
94. 54
2.84
3.0
70, 74
74.8
12.33
13.0
6.48
6.9
1.95
2.1
20
.2
Manchester, N. H.
93. 27
2.45
2.6
70, 25
75.3
12.77
13.7
2.83
3.0
2.30
2.5
2.67
2.9
3


4
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1925-1926

Current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 247 city school systems, 1925-26—Continued
GROUP II.-CITIES OF 30,000 TO 100,000 POPULATION (60 CITIES)-Continued
Cities
Total
current
expenses
General control
schools
Instruction in day Operation of plant
Maintenance of
plant
Coordinate activi-
ties and auxil-
iary agencies
Fixed charges
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Per cent
Cost
of total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Quincy, Ill.
$93.24
$2.81
3.0
$71.79
77.0
$10.51
11.3
$6.62
7.1
Decatur, Ill
$1.51
1.6
91, 93
3.39
3.7
67.28
73.2
10.77
11.7
2. 20
2.4
Muncie, Ind.
$4.64
5.0
3.65
4.0
91. 21
3.11
3.4
71.02
77.9
9.30
10. 2
5. 31
5.8
1.91
2. 1
.56
.6
Peoria, Ill.
91. 17
3. 10
3.4
68.84
75.5
11. 24
12.3
Rock Island, Ill.
4.39
4.8
1.80
2.0
1.80
2.0
90.99
2.83
3. 1
68.20
75.0
9.96
10.9
3.10
3.4
1.37
1.5
5.53
6. 1
Springfield, Ill.
90.67
2.89
3.2
70.10
77.3
9.91
10.9
4. 29
4.7
1. 02
1.8
1.86
2.1
Wichita, Kans.
89.53
3.16
3.5
67.88
75.8
7.70
8.6
8.93
10.0
.96
1. 1
Utica, N. Y
.90
1.0
89.41
1.31
1.4
69.51
77.7
10.69
12.0
2.93
3.3
1. 24
1.4
3. 73
Allentown, Pa.
4. 2
87.31
3.74
4.3
63. 21
72.4
8.98
10.3
3.33
3.8
3.72
4.3
4. 33
4.9
Newburgh, N. Y
86, 52
2.51
2.9
67.59
78. 1
7.38
8.5
2.77
3.2
2.50
2.9
3.77
4.4
East Chicago, Ind
85.06
3. 18
3.7
64.97
76.4
13.05
15. 4
2.06
2.4
1.53
1.8
.27
3
Brockton, Mass.
82, 92
1.41
1.7
64.76
78, 1
10. 01
12. 1
3.37
4. 1
3.27
4.0
Lewiston, Me
.10
0
81.66
1.66
2.0
61.93
75.8
6. 10
7.5
9.77
12.0
2.20
2.7
Evansville, Ind.
81.50
2.60
3.2
65. 19
80.0
8.39
10.3
3.76
4.6
.76
.9
У
Charleston, W. Va
.80
1.0
•77.28
2. 24
2.9
60, 41
78.2
7.63
9.9
1.83
2.4
3.75
4.8
1. 12
1.8
Chicopee, Mass.
76.45
2.31
3.0
56.33
73.7
9.79
12.8
4.40
5.8
2.93
3.8
Lorain, Ohio
.69
.9
74.24
2.55
3.4
49.09
66. 1
8.44
11.4
7.95
10.7
4. 27
5.8
1.94
2.6
Moline, Ill.
70.50
3.52
5.0
47.79
67.8
11.77
16.7
5. 19
7.4
.75
1.0
1.48
2. 1
Kokomo, Ind..
70.49
1.85
2.6
51.48
73.0
7.52
10.7
3.81
5.4
3.17
4.5
2.66
3.8
Winston-Salem, N. C.
68.00
2.57
3.8
49.91
73.4
6.72
9.9
1.98
2.9
6. 15
9.0
.67
1.0
Ogden, Utah.
67.41
2.59
3.9
57.91
85.9
5.05
7.5
1.31
1.9
.49
7
Danville, Ill..
.06
62.71
1.95
3.1
47.02
75.0
9.34
14.9
2.08
3.3
.86
1.4
1.46
Springfield, Mo.
56, 39
1.71
3.0
44. 26
78.5
7.12
12.6
1.77
3.2
.62
1. 1
.91
1.6
1♡♡
Petersburg,
Va.
55.42
2. 24
4.0
46. 11
83.2
4. 76
8.6
82
1.5
1.49
2.7
Augusta, Ga
54.89
1.62
3.0
44.64
81.3
3.72
6.8
1.71
3. 1
2.66
4.8
.54
1.0



PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1925-1926
5

Portsmouth, Va.
50.82
1.43
2.8
42.89
84.4
4.09
8.1
1. 13
2.2
Mobile, Ala..
.80
1.6
.48
.9
50.24
1.77
3.5
40.28
80.2
3.02
6.0
2.39
4.8
.70
1. 4
2. 08
4. 1
Savannah, Ga.
42.95
1.43
3.3
36.03
83.9
2.77
6.5
1. 47
3.4
.42
1.0
83
1.9
Macon, Ga
41. 15
.86
2. 1
34. 17
83.0
2. 21
5.4
1.82
4. 4
1.48
3.6
61
1.5
Montgomery, Ala.
40.37
1. 81
4. 5
34.45
85.3
3.07
7.6
.21
.5
.17
.4
.66
1.7
Average
92.85
3.03
3.3
70.93
76.4
10.36
11. 2
4.02
4.3
2.82
3.0
1.69
1.8
GROUP III-CITIES OF 10,000 TO 30,000 POPULATION (70 CITIES)
Virginia, Minn.
Montclair, N. J.
West Orange, N. J.
Englewood, N. J.
$175.36
$10. 20
5.8
$105.60
60.2
$30.97
17.7
$13.34
7.6
$12. 06
6.9
$3.19
1.8
152.84
7.80
5. 1
118. 19
77.3
17.41
11.4
5.03
3.3
3.87
2.5
.54
133. 65
6. 15
4.6
98.35
73.6
14.91
11. 1
8.52
6. 4
4.92
3.7
.80
.6
130. 72
5.07
3.9
95.49
73.0
18.59
14. 2
6.41
4.9
3.40
2.6
1.76
1.4
Alhambra, Calif.
120. 16
5. 73
4.8
92.68
77.1
13. 20
11.0
2.83
2.4
2.90
2.4
2.82
2.3
Riverside, Calif.
119.94
3.26
2.7
98.00
81.7
9.98
8.3
1. 07
.9
4. 24
3.5
3.39
2.9
Hornell, N. Y
119.93
5.38
4.5
83.09
69.3
14.73
12.3
9.28
7.7
2.85
2.4
4.60
3.8
Oswego, N. Y.
117.72
3.40
2.9
80.75
68. 6
14.29
12. 1
9.09
7.7
4. 29
3.7
5.90
5.0
Helena, Mont.
115. 78
6. 20
5.4
86.42
74.6
15. 52
13.4
3.86
3.3
1. 18
1.0
2.60
2.3
Concord, N. H
108.85
4.62
4.2
79.01
72.6
12.02
11.0
2.02
1.9
8. 21
7.6
2.97
2.7
Parkersburg, W. Va.
108.06
3.09
2.9
79.01
73.1
8.49
7.9
11. 11
10.3
5. 11
4.7
1.25
1.1
Cheyenne, Wyo.
106. 21
4. 47
4.2
75.81
71.4
13.76
13.0
3.54
3.3
6. 27
5.9
2.36
2.2
Mankato, Minn.
105.49
6.60
6.2
75. 13
71.2
15.36
14.6
2.64
2.5
3.81
3.6
1.95
1.9
Huntington, Ind.
105. 24
4.32
4. 1
70.88
67.3
11. 13
10.6
7.33
7.0
5.97
5.7
5.61
5.3
Boulder, Colo
105. 03
2.52
2.4
74. 10
70.6
21.04
20.0
6. 25
5.9
1. 12
1. 1
Keokuk, Iowa.
104. 71
7.92
7.6
71.70
68. 5
12.80
12. 2
11. 26
10.8
56
.5
.47
.4
Long Branch, N. J.
104.57
4.30
4.1
80.10
76.6
10.96
10. 5
5. 54
5.3
2.23
2. 1
1.44
1. 4
Aberdeen, S. Dak
102.92
3.66
3.5
81. 17
78.9
10. 14
9.9
4.74
4.6
3.07
3.0
· 14
.1
Elgin, Ill.
100. 61
4.51
4.5
77.43
77.0
11.46
11.4
4.32
4.2
1.39
1.4
1.50
1.5
Vallejo, Calif.
97.69
5.06
5. 2
76.20
78.0
10. 12
10.4
2. 24
2.3
2.28
2.3
1.79
1.8
Clinton, Iowa.
96.45
4. 26
4. 4
68. 16
70.6
15.70
16.3
5.57
5.8
74
.8
2.02
2.1
Burlington, Iowa.
95.98
2.37
2.5
68.38
71.2
15. 46
16. 1
7.22
7.5
1. 22
1.3
1.33
1.4
Emporia, Kans.
94.93
3.87
4. 1
74.06
78.0
11.81
12.4
2.85
3.0
1. 40
1.5
.94
1.0
Elyria, Ohio.
93.76
4.45
4.7
70.92
75.6
11.79
12.6
3.45
3.7
.61
.7
2.54
2.7
Danbury, Conn
93.38
4. 07
4.4
67.98
72.8
10.22
10.9
7.86
8.4
3.25
3.5
Fairmont, W. Va.
92.20
5. 21
5.7
68. 15
73.9
11.79
12.8
2.29
2.5
3.34
3.6
1.42
1.5
Boise, Idaho.
91. 82
5. 24
5.7
70.42
76.7
10.74
11.7
3.03
3.3
1.28
1.4
1. 11
1.2
Salina, Kans.
90. 17
3. 16
3.5
71. 29
79. 1
10.84
12.0
2. 54
2.8
1.00
1.1
1.34
1.5
Elkhart, Ind.
89.03
2.97
3.3
62.55
70.3
10.38
11.7
4. 16
4.7
20
.2
8.77
9.8
Fort Dodge, Iowa.
88.52
2.59
2.9
66.89
75.6
14.29
16. 1
2.20
2.5
2. 55
2.9
Ironwood, Mich.
87.83
4.40
5.0
60.98
69.4
16.73
19. 1
1.55
1.8
2.85
3.2
1.32
1.5
North Adams, Mass.
87.20
2.77
3.2
67.31
77.2
9.57
11.0
3.88
4.4
2.10
2.4
1.57
1.8
Logansport, Ind.
86.95
3.63
4.2
64. 19
73.8
9.60
11.0
1.85
2.1
7.29
8.4
.39
.5
Freeport, Ill.
86.59
4. 12
4.8
59.76
69.0
9.01
10.4
8.42
9.7
4.07
4.7
1. 21
1.4
Gloucester, Mass.
86.36
2.98
3.5
66.81
77.4
10.81
12.5
2. 69
3.1
2. 61
3.0
.46
.5
38801-27——2
6
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1925-1926
Current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 247 city school systems, 1925-26—Continued
GROUP III-CITIES OF 10,000 TO 30,000 POPULATION (70 CITIES)-Continued
General control
schools
Instruction in day Operation of plant
Maintenance of
plant
Cities
Total
current
expenses
Coordinate activi-
ties and auxil-
iary agencies
Fixed charges
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
1
2
3
4
5
LO
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Braintree, Mass.
$85.65
$2.85
3.3
$63.68
74.4
$7.64
8.9
$6.44
7.5
$5.04
5.9
Fulton, N. Y.
83.65
4. 16
5.0
59.83
71.5
9.92
11.8
4. 51
5.4
2. 16
2.6
$3.07
3.7
Mason City, Iowa.
83.00
2.51
3.0
59.78
72.0
12.98
15.6
5.96
7.2
1.47
1.8
.30
.4
Grand Forks, N. Dak.
82.22
3.39
4. 1
61.47
74.8
14.89
18. 1
1.45
1.8
1. 02
1.2
Yakima, Wash.
81. 10
3.34
4. 1
66.36
81.8
8.52
10.5
1.54
1.9
1.34
1.7
Findlay, Ohio
80.83
2.43
3.0
57.66
71.4
14.56
18.0
2. 26
2.8
.26
.3
3.66
4.5
Central Falls, R. I.
79.52
2.90
3.6
58.73
73.9
10. 57
13.3
6.04
7.6
1.28
1.6
Sapulpa, Okla.
77.66
3. 18
4. 1
61.33
79.0
8.62
11. 1
2.06
2.6
2.47
3.2
Great Falls, Mont.
77.35
3.04
3.9
61.96
80. 1
9.44
12.2
2.09
2.7
.51
.7
.31
.4
Escanaba, Mich.
76.94
4. 57
5.9
57. 19
74.3
9.66
12.6
2.38
· 3.1
3. 14
4. 1
Clifton, N. J
75.47
2.87
3.8
59.62
79.0
9.05
12.0
1.35
1.8
.90
1.2
1.68
2.2
Rutland, Vt.
74.55
3. 44
4.6
54.94
73.7
8.36
11. 2
4. 56
6. 1
2. 15
2.9
1. 10
1.5
Owosso, Mich
72.61
3.36
4.6
54. 70
75.4
9.03
12. 4
2.30
3.2
1.67
2.3
1.55
2. 1
Rome, N. Y
71.90
2.08
2.9
55. 14
76.7
6. 47
9.0
3.41
4.7
1.29
1.8
3.51
4.9
Arkansas City, Kans.
71.89
4.02
5.6
56.28
78.3
6.70
9.3
1.05
1.5
2.33
3.2
1.51
2. 1
Mahanoy City, Pa
71.73
5. 53
7.7
50.79
70.8
7.50
10.5
4.37
6. 1
1.44
2.0
2.10
2.9
Stratford, Conn.
69.83
2.62
3.8
54. 69
78.3
6. 77
9.7
4. 25
6. 1
1.50
2. 1
Coffeyville, Kans.
68. 55
2.49
3.6
55.78
81.4
7.86
11.5
1.61
2.3
.68
1.0
. 13
.2
Cape Girardeau, Mo.
*66.89*
3. 13
4.7
51. 27
76.7
4.99
7.5
3.63
5.4
2. 11
3. 1
1.76
2.6
Chillicothe, Ohio
63.97
2.45
3.8
45.90
71.8
7. 15
11.2
3.42
5.3
2.53
4.0
2.52
3.9
Sedalia, Mo
63.87
2.73
4.3
47.70
74.7
8.31
13.0
2.85
4.4
1.20
1.9
1.08
1.7
Cambridge, Ohio.
60.40
1. 56
2.6
40.83
67.6
7.62
12. 6
.61
1.0
1.79
3.0
7.99
13. 2
Galesburg, Ill
59.58
2.09
3.5
44. 55
74.8
7.83
13. 1
3. 10
5.2
.28
.5
1. 73
2.9
Sherman, Tex.
56.44
2. 56
4. 5
43.30
76.7
8. 12
14. 4
.90
1.6
51
9
1. 05
1.9
Barberton, Ohio.
55. 41
2.39
4.3
43. 16
77.9
7.06
12.8
.36
.6
92
1.7
1.52
2.7
Cairo, Ill.
54.69
2.98
5.5
39.27
71.8
6.68
12.2
3.66
6.7
73
1.3
1.37
2.5
Owensboro, Ky.
54. 23
2. 53
4.7
42.77
78.9
6. 46
11.9
.60
1. 1
78
1.4
1.09
2.0
Lake Charles, La..
53.24
2.39
4.5
43. 24
81.2
4. 01
7.5
1.40
2.6
.97
1.9
1.23
2.3
Charlottesville, Va
49.56
1.66
3.4
34.30
69.2
4. 47
9.0
7. 14
14. 4
1. 11
2.2
.88
1.8
Joplin, Mo
48.88
1.98
4. 1
38.91
79.6
5.88
12.0
1. 10
2.3
.11
2
90
1.8


PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1925–1926
7

Pine Bluff, Ark
46. 74
1. 46
3. 1
38.32
82.0!
4.52
9.7
1.23
2.7
.35
Spartanburg, S. C.
42.42
.84
2.0
36.36
85.7
3.30
7.8
1.26
3.0
24
Rome, Ga..
29.64
1.80
6.1
24. 51
82.7
2.09
7.0
.48
1.6
23
8
8888883
.86 i
1.8
42
1.0
53
1.8
Waycross, Ga.
29.49
1.58
5.3
26.44
89.7
1.02
3.5
.45
1.5
Phenix City, Ala
24. 76
1.88
7.6
20.68
83.5
1.25
5.0
.53
2.2
.42
1.7
Average
85.38
3.58
4.2
63.84
74.8
10.37
12. 1
3.74
4.4
2. 17
2.5
1.68
2.0
GROUP IV.-CITIES OF 2,500 TO 10,000 POPULATION (82 CITIES)
Tonopah, Nev.
$166.93
$9.58
5.7 $117.95
70.7
$19.36
11.6
$15.74
9.4
$1.70
1.0
Piedmont, Calif.
128.67
6.79
5.3
97.54
75.8
18.09
14. 1
3.33
2.6
1.62
1.2
$2.60
1.30
San Luis Obispo, Calif.
119.77
4.76
4.0
97.03
81.0
7.46
6.2
.90
.8
9. 14
7.6
48
1.6
1.0
.4
Hempstead, N. Y
118. 41
4.33
3.7
73.50
62. 1
11. 26
9.5
21. 11
17.8
2.25
1.9
5.96
5.0
Sheridan, Wyo.
114. 19
5.79
5. 1
83.29
73.0
9.25
8. 1
3. 25
2.8
7.93
6.9
4.68
4. 1
Globe, Ariz.
107.33
5.75
5.4
81.62
76.0
12.87
12.0
1.49
1.4
4. 51
4.2
1.09
1.0
Bisbee, Ariz.
105.30
6.50
6.2
72.97
69.3
9.68
9.2
8. 16
7.7
4.84
4.6
3.15
3.0
Mitchell, S. Dak
102.97
5. 53
5.4
75. 56
73.4
17.45
16.9
2. 33
2.3
1. 13
1. 1
97
.9
Collingswood, N. J
102. 07
1.82
1.8
80.05
78.4
11.09
10.9
6.85
6.7
1.80
1.8
· 46
.4
Durango, Colo.
97.69
5. 25
5.4
75.62
77.4
10.37
10.6
2. 07
2. 1
3.05
3. 1
1.33
1.4
Goshen, Ind..
96.76
3.92
4. 1
66. 97
69.2
15. 14
15.6
5. 84
6.0
1.33
1.4
3.56
3.7
Grinnell, Iowa.
96.09
4.91
5. 1
70.06
72.9
14. 42
15.0
5. 44
5.7
1. 11
1. 1
.15
.2
Santa Fe, N. Mex.
92.21
7.62
8.3
68.75
74.6
9.45
10. 2
2.69
2.9
2.61
2.8
1.09
1.2
Chippewa Falls, Wis.
91. 82
4.09
4.5
69. 72
75.9
12.99
14. 1
1. 45
1.6
.79
9
2.78
3.0
Columbus, Nebr
91.37
4. 51
4.9
63.67
69.7
15.64
17. 1
3.63
4.0
.51
6
3. 41
3.7
Beatrice, Nebr.
90.75
4.60
5. 1
69.39
76.5
10. 57
11.6
2.00
2.2
3.04
3.3
1. 15
1.3
Bound Brook, N. J.
89.97
1.56
1.7
73.32
81.5
11. 26
12.5
1.91
2. 1
1.92
2.2
Homer, La.
88.86
3. 18
3.6
67. 17
75.6
2.35
2.6
3. 64
4. 1
11. 17
12.6
1.35
1.5
Gallup, N. Mex.
88.71
7.57
8.5
65. 49
73.8
10. 52
11.9
3.85
4.3
1.28
1.5
Easton, Mass.
88.68
4. 23
4.8
57.94
65. 4
9.71
10.9
4. 28
4.8
12.52
14. 1
Wethersfield, Conn.
87.62
4.32
4.9
62.94
71.8
10.46
11.9
6.02
6.9
3.88
4.5
Kittanning, Pa.
86.96
5.73
6.6
66. 19
76. 1
8.40
9.7
3.50
4.0
.35
.4
2.79
3.2
Belvidere, Ill.
86.30
4. 18
4.8
63.03
73.0
14.03
16.3
4.35
5.0
.71
.9
St. Joseph, Mich.
85.70
5. 17
6.0
64. 21
74.9
10. 55
12.3
3.30
3.9
1. 47
1.7
1.00
1.2
Oskaloosa, Iowa.
85.69
3.65
4.3
65.75
76.7
8.98
10.5
1.93
2.2
2.20
2.6
3. 18
3.7
Claremont, N. H.
85.45
2.91
3. 4
61. 12
71.5
7.99
9.4
1.74
2.0
8.66
10. 1
3.03
3.6
Mechanicsville, N. Y
84.65
3.80
4.5
63.30
74.8
8.65
10. 2
2.57
3.0
2. 42
2.9
3.91
4.6
Brattleboro, Vt.
83.37
1.91
2.3
65. 14
78. 1
8.96
10.8
4.84
5.8
1.08
1.3
1. 44
1.7
Bismarck, N. Dak.
82.04
5.62
6.8
62.86
76.6
9.83
12.0
1.47
1.8
2.26
2.8
Coraopolis, Pa
81.94
6. 15
7.5
57.20
69.8
10.89
13.3
4. 01
4.9
1.32
1.6
2.37
2.9

8
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1925-1926

1
Current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 247 city school systems, 1925-26—Continued
GROUP IV.-CITIES OF 2,500 TO 10,000 POPULATION (82 CITIES)-Continued
General control
schools
Instruction in day Operation of plant
Maintenance of
plant
Cities
Total
current
Coordinate activi-
ties and auxil-
iary agencies
Fixed charges
expenses
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Per cent
Cost
of total
ન
4
5
6
7
8
y
10
11
12
13
14
Albion, Mich.
$81.17
$3.75
4.6
$58.40
71.9
$10.85
13.4
$3.91
4.8
$2.90
3.6
$1.36
1.7
Connersville, Ind.
80.58
4.35
5.4
55.97
69.5
12. 94
16. 1
1.54
1.9
2.44
3.0
3.34
4. 1
Bend, Oreg.
79.72
4.95
6.2
59.99
75.3
11. 14
14.0
1.75
2.2
1.89
2.3
Medford, Oreg.
78.82
3.37
4.3
61. 47
78.0
8.29
10.5
2.44
3. 1
1. 14
1.4
2. 11
2.7
Fergus Falls, Minn.
78.37
4. 11
5.2
59.87
76.4
9.55
12. 2
2. 56
3.3
. 27
.3
2.01
2.6
Dixon, Ill.
78.09
5.00
6.4
62.30
79.8
8.07
10.3
1.02
1.3
1.70
2.2
Dodge City, Kans..
77.10
4.06
5.3
57.73
74.9
10. 93
14. 2
1.55
2.0
2.82
3.6
.01
Merrill, Wis.
75.61
3.93
5. 2
56.50
74.7
11.57
15.3
1.05
1. 4
.05
.1
2.51
3.3
McPherson, Kans.
74.81
4. 10
5.5
56.76
75.9
8.08
10.8
2. 22
3.0
2.26
3.0
1.39
1.8
Grand Junction, Colo.
73.77
4. 01
5. 4
59.68
80.9
5.98
8. 1
1.34
1.8
89
1.2
1.87
2.6
Bowling Green, Ohio.
73. 10
4.90
6.7
55.22
75.6
6.86
9.4
1. 11
1.5
4.91
6.7
.10
. 1
Marshall, Mo..
72.96
4. 18
5.7
55.99
76.7
8.98
12.3
1.48
2.0
1.50
2. 1
.85
1.2
Lebanon, Ind.
72.28
4. 16
5.7
57.03
78.9
7.75
10.7
2.36
3.3
.65
.9
33
.5
Lewiston, Idaho..
72.03
4.36
6. 1
55. 73
77.4
7.02
9.7
1.83
2.5
2.33
3.2
.76
1. 1
Ipswich, Mass.
71.20
3.46
4.8
52.99
74.4
6. 12
8.6
2.70
3.8
4. 31
6. 1
1. 62
2.3
Tama, Iowa
70.97
8.04
11.3
52.98
74.7
6. 59
9.3
1.86
2.6
1.02
1.4
.48
Chehalis, Wash
69.89
4.49
6.4
55.85
79.9
6. 28
9.0
1.56
2.3
1. 15
1.6
56
.8
78
Brunswick, Me.
69. 31
2.59
3.7
49.59
71.6
6.78
9.8
7.91
11.4
2. 44
3.5
Shelton, Conn.
68.28
2.81
4. 1
51.03
74.7
6.53
9.6
1.96
2.9
5. 15
7.5
80
1.2
Harvey, Ill
67.52
4.09
6.0
44. 71
66.2
9.63
14.3
6.40
9.5
1.83
2.7
86
1.3
Laurinburg, N. C..
66. 29
5. 53
8.3
55.85
84.3
4.03
6.1
.68
1.0
20
3
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.
64.18
3. 20
5.0
50. 10
78. 1
7.68
12.0
.76
1.2
1.90
2.9
.54
.8
Fort Fairfield, Me.
63.96
2.06
3.2
44.51
69.6
8.05
12.6
2.72
4.3
6. 62
10.3
Kalispell, Mont.
63.32
4.99
7.9
43.42
68. 6
7.38
11.6
6. 26
9.9
1.27
2.0
Fostoria, Ohio.
62.73
3.61
5.8
43.94
70.0
12. 23
19.5
1.60
2.5
.48
.8
.87
1.4
Burrillville, R. I.
62.50
3.21
5. 1
45. 22
72.4
5.92
9.4
2.54
4.1
4.86
7.8
Murray, Utah..
62. 04
4.89
7.9
46.37
74.7
6. 63
10.7
3.48
5.6
.50
.8
San Marcos, Tex.
62.02
4.56
7.4
52.52
84.7
2.78
4.5
.51
.8
.51
.8
Dover, Del.
61. 10
2.28
3.7
48.97
80.2
6.83
11.2
2. 28
3.7
.06
.1
Elkins, W. Va.
59.38
1.35
2.3
48.71
82.0
6.93
11.7
1.43
2.4
.84
1.4
∞ ∞ ∞ +
.75
1.2
.17
.3
1. 14
1.8
.68
1.1
. 12
.2


PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1925–1926
6
Maynard, Mass.
59.25
2. 79
4.7
45.75
77.21
7.29
12.3
1. 44
2.4 !
1.98
3.4
Greenville, N. C.
57.84
3.68
6.4
45.94
79.4
4.89
8.4
2.20
3.8
1. 13
2.0
Bowling Green, Ky.
54. 10
3.81
7.0
37.54
69.4
4.71
8.7
7. 18
13.3
.86
1.6
Nevada, Mo.
52.58
3.97
7.5
39.78
75.7
6.78
12.9
.95
1.8
.51
1.0
56
1. 1
Frankfort, Ky.
52.56
4.32
8.2
42.96
81.7
2.47
4.7
2.16
4.1
65
1.3
Norman, Okla.
51.51
3. 24
6.3
39.83
77.3
4.62
9.0
1.07
2.1
.34
.7
2.41
4.6
Rock Hill, S. C.
50. 61
.79
1.6
42.42
83.8
3.25
6.4
1.81
3.6
1.26
2.5
1.08
2.1
Tallahassee, Fla.
49.75
1.00
2.0
42. 63
85. 7
4.97
10.0
.99
2.0
. 16
.3
Harrisonburg, Va..
47.88
3.39
7.1
38.80
81.0
4.57
9. 5
.61
1.3
.51
1. 1
Richmond, Ky
46.37
3.96
8.5
34.84
75. 1
4.21
9.1
1. 32
2.9
1.06
2.3
.98
2.1
Suffolk, Va
44.99
2.40
5.3
33.78
75. 1
6. 51
14. 5
1.25
2.8
34
.71
1.6
Buford, Ga-
44. 67
5. 58
12.5
34.67
77.6
2.79
6. 2
.93
2. 1
37
.33
.8
Yazoo, Miss.
44. 16
3.75
8.5
35.83
81.1
2.71
6. 1
.83
1.9
1.04
2.4
Union City, Tenn
43.29
4.07
9.4
33. 27
76.9
3.07
7.1
2.40
5.5
.48
1. 1
Texarkana, Ark.
42.33
3.31
7.8
32. 01
75.6
5. 22
12.3
62
1.5
.18
.4
.99
2.4
Hugo, Okla.
41. 12
3.46
8.4
30.63
74.5
5. 18
12.6
1.69
4. 1
.16
.4
Albany, Ala
38.35
3.47
9.1
31.42
81.9
2.93
7.6
.52
1.4
.01
.0
Fairfield, Ala.
37.92
3.92
10.3
29. 20
77.0
3.01
7.9
1. 07
2.8
.44
1.2
28
.8
Moss Point, Miss
37.87
4.73
12.5
30.39
80.3
1.38
3.6
.39
1.0
. 43
1. 1
.55
1.5
Cartersville,
Ga.
36.81
4.07
11. 1
28.58
77.6
2.39
6.5
1.47
4.0
.30
00 40 00
Americus, Ga.
36. 10
2.63
7.3
30.94
85.7
1.72
4.8
.72
2.0
09
.2
Dublin, Ga...
30.37
2.89
9.5
25.06
82.5
2. 12
7.0
04
1
26
.9
23
A verage.
74.80
4.00
5.4
56. 13
75.0
8. 11
10.9
3.02
4.0
2. 12
2.8
1.42
1.9

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:
A
}
L
AUG 2 5 1927
111
AGG
Statistical Circular No. 8
no.8
May, 1927
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
US BUREAU OF EDUCATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AN AGE-GRADE STUDY IN 900 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS
By FRANK M. PHILLIPS
Chief, Division of Statistics, Bureau of Education
This article is a presentation of age-grade distributions in schools
having 12 years of elementary and high school work, the same for
those with 11 years of work, and some comparisons of the percentage
under age, of normal age, and over age, in city school systems con-
ducted on the 11-year plan, on the 12-year plan, and on the 13-year
plan. There is no attempt to show retardation and acceleration.
The figures show age, without respect to progress.
Reports from about 900 cities show 3,320,462 pupils on the 12-year
plan, 216,856 white pupils on the 11-year plan, and 51,648 pupils on
the 13-year plan. Table 1 gives an age-grade distribution of those
on the 12-year plan and of those on the 11-year plan, both reduced
to the basis of 1,000,000 pupils for each plan. Other data are fur-
nished for reference in Tables 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
The division by length of course is also a geographical division, the
13-year schools being in Maine and in Massachusetts, while the 11-
year schools are chiefly in the South. The school year is generally
shorter in the 11-year schools, and there are fewer kindergartens.
The 13-year schools have a longer school year and more kinder-
gartens.
The highest enrollment by age in each case in Table 1 is in the
8-year-old group. The schools under the 11-year plan have higher
percentages of enrollments than those of the 12-year plan for ages
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, and lower for all other ages. The figures in
this table can be read in percentages by pointing off four figures from
the right.
Table 2 shows the percentage of pupils under age, of normal age,
and over age, by sex, size of city, and length of course. Ages 6 and 7
are taken as normal for the first grade in each group, 11-year, 12-year,
and 13-year schools. Ages 7 and 8 are taken as normal for the second
grade, 8 and 9 for the third, and so on through the several years of
the elementary and of the high-school course. Age is not defined
in the questionnaire, but it is generally taken as of the last birthday.
Semester divisions of grades are taken together, as 6A and 6B both
as sixth grade.
46977-27-1
2

TABLE 1.-Age-grade distribution of pupils in cities graded on the 12-year and on the 11-year plan, reduced to the basis of 1,000,000 pupils
for each plan
Grade
4
5
6
CO
7
Ages
Total
Average
age
00
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21 and
over
173
14, 167
75, 366
41, 887
13, 194
4,018
1, 432
534
306
154
76
37
10
2.
3
3
1
250
10, 087
48,025 | 35,088
13,898
5, 062
1,909
844
345
160
60
16
5
3.
1
5
375
9,868
41, 131
32, 109
15,948
6, 623
2,941
1, 251
509
176
53
11
6
17
563
10, 289
37,000
30, 199
16, 407
8, 583
3, 897
1,648
592
126
19
7
24
722
10, 418
33, 298
| 28, 974
17, 448
9, 161
4, 215
1,529
278
40
18
41
934
10, 152
30,834
27,473
16, 741
8, 291
3, 101
610
81
22
7
+233 LE
4
1
58
151, 423
7.02
1
11
115, 765
8. 22
2
14
111, 025
9.37
0
4
109, 354
10.47
3
106, 134
11.50
6
98,296
12. 41
3
41
1,018
9, 952
27, 458
24,555
14, 025
5, 761
1, 372
213
8.
36
9
3
4
84, 450
3
13. 27
60
1, 150
9, 395
24, 002
20, 727
10, 411
3, 131
587
9.
98
25
6
28
69, 623
14. 11
2
82
10.
11
1, 467
9, 513
22, 313
18, 089
7,996
2, 365
605
158
61
57
62, 708
15.02
5
93
1, 205
6, 740
14, 853
11, 297
11
4,806
1,400
375
117
60
40, 951
15.94
i
99
12.
1,031
4,835
10, 185
7,710
2,986
923
261
130
28, 166
16.89
5
71
824
4,017
7,967
5, 956
2,296
706
263
22, 105
17.85
Total
174
14, 422 85, 845 100, 367 100, 468
98, 421
97, 171
96, 470
96, 014
90,928 | 79, 806
60, 268
39, 091
23, 807
11, 138
3,810 | 1, 162
638 1,000,000
1234
64
4, 483
23
69, 304
64, 148
31, 233
15, 499
8, 715
4, 782
3, 685
1, 720
734
212
46
18
3, 528
37, 265
40, 233
20, 894
204, 643
7.82
12, 483
7,092
5, 275
3,246
1, 452
342
97
28
9
3.
4.
5.
6.
143
4, 238
32, 953
37, 186
131, 967
22, 545
9.05
13, 346
9, 062
5, 285
2, 937
1,037
350
51
18
125
3, 971
28,406
129, 151
32, 824
10. 12
21,820
13, 660
8, 715
4, 957
2,001
655
102
32
18
5
176
3, 971
25, 136
30, 565
21, 678
13, 728
7,628
3, 261
926
254
56
y
5
LO LO
117, 291
· 11. 13
18
254
107, 393
12.04
4,049
20,414
27, 640
19,000
11, 611
5,022
1,628
406
74
32
90, 148
12. 91
5
18
272
2, 997
15, 563
23,351
15, 664 |
8, 563
3, 214
900
152
42
14
5
70, 760
13.85
5
148
2,780
13,378
21,023
13, 119
6, 300
2,232
572
161
88
9.
10.
11.
Total
64
4, 506
5
59, 811
14. 79
5
18
281
2, 472
10, 403
14, 986
8, 526
3, 574
945
231
64
5
41, 510
15. 58
32
55
1, 139
6, 506
10, 799
5, 465
1, 739
604
143
14
26, 496
16.59
14
148
1, 282
5, 312
8, 107
3, 952
1, 480
461
74
20,830
17.51
72, 975 105, 776 108, 589 106, 228 106, 034 101, 182
99, 656
90, 964
77, 696
56, 331
37, 853 21, 137
7, 549
2,577
780
103 1,000,000




7-20-1930
3
In every instance there is a higher percentage of girls than of
boys in the under-age group, and a higher percentage of boys than
of girls in the over-age group. The 11-year schools have fewer
children in the under-age groups, and more in the over-age groups,
than have those schools with a longer course. These figures are
reversed for the 13-year schools.
Table 1 shows the average age of the first-grade pupils in the 11-
year schools to be 7.82 years, and for the 12-year schools to be 7.02
years. For the 13-year schools it is 6.58 years. For the second
grade these average ages are 9.05, 8.22, and 7.84 years, respectively.
The averages for the third grade are, 10.12, 9.37, and 8.92; for the
fourth grade, 11.13, 10.47, and 10.06; for the fifth grade, 12.04,
11.50, and 11.01; for the sixth grade, 12.91, 12.41, and 11.95; for the
seventh grade, 13.85, 13.27, and 12.69 years. For the eighth grade
in the 12 and the 13 year schools the average ages are 14.11 and 13.51;
for the ninth grade of the 13-year schools, 14.32 years.
For the first year of the high schools the average ages are 14.79,
15.02, and 15.17; for the second year, 15.58, 15.94, and 16.16; for
the third year, 16.59, 16.89, and 16.97; for the fourth, or senior
year of the high school, the average ages are 17.51, 17.85, and 18.01
years. These figures would indicate that the average age of a gradu-
ate of the 11-year schools at the time of graduation would be about
18 years, for the 12-year schools, 18.4 years, and for the 13-year
schools, 18.5 years.
The average difference in age for a grade in the 11-year schools is
0.96 years, for the 12-year schools it is 0.93 years, and for the 13-year
schools, 0.92 years. This does not mean that pupils make a grade.
in these schools in less than a year. There are more pupils over age
in the lower grades than in the upper grades, and as these drop out.
faster than do those of normal age or of the under-age group, the
average age does not increase as rapidly from grade to grade as it
would if the over-age pupils were to remain in school.
4
TABLE 2.-Percentage of pupils under age, of normal age, and over age, by sex,
size of city, and length of course, in 900 cities

Under age
Normal age
Over age
Years
in
course
Size of city
Boys
Girls
Boys
Girls
Boys
Girls
(2,500–4,999.
2.54
2.95
60. 18
64. 08
37,28
32.97
5,000-9,999__
1.63
2.40
49. 13
52.96
49.25
44.64
11
10,000-29,999.
3.29
4. 19
57.62
60.96
39.09
34.85
30,000-99,999.
2.50
3.28
56.28
59.58
41.22
37. 14
(100,000+
4.02
4.76
54.31
58.44
41.67
36.80
All...
3.30
4.03
55. 54
59.37
41.16
36.60
(2,500–4,999.
12.75
15. 13
64.80
67.10
22.45
17.77
5,000-9,999.
10.98
13.12
64.35
67.08
24. 67
19.80
12
10,000-29,999.
11.54
13.74
62.74
65. 54
25. 72
20.72
30,000–99,999.
10.96
12.84
63.66
66.71
25.38
20.45
(100,000+.
10.69
12.37
64.98
67.45
24.33
20. 18
All..
11.02
12.91
64.33
66.97
24.65
20. 12
(2,500-4,999.
34.61
38.24
53.62
50.87
11. 77
10.89
13
5,000-9,999.
23.96
25. 17
63.44
63.77
12.60
11.06
10,000-29,999.
30.23
34.25
55.90
54.47
13.87
11. 28
[30,000-99,999.
25. 14
28.00
59.74
58.78
15. 12
13.22
All...
27.26
30.30
58.78
57.76
13.96
11.94
In the 11-year schools the number in the senior year of the high
school is 10.18 per cent of the number in the first grade. In the
12-year schools this percentage is 14.60 per cent, and in the 13-year
schools it is 16.84 per cent. As there are more repeaters in the
first grade than in later grades, these rates do not indicate the per-
centage of first entrants who reach the senior year. The better
method of determining survival rates is to take the largest age group
as a base, since the number of first entrants year after year can not
exceed the number of, say, 7-year-olds, or the number of 8-year-olds,
although this method does not take care of death rates, nor does it
eliminate the factor of growth of population. Taking the maximum
age group as a basis, the number in the senior year of the high school
in the 11-year schools is 19.18 per cent of this maximum age group.
In the 12-year schools the rate is 22 per cent, and in the 13-year
schools, 24.12 per cent.
5


TABLE 3.-Age-grade distribution of pupils in cities graded on the 13-year plan
ACTUAL ENROLLMENTS
Ages
Grades
Total
Average
21 and
age
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
over
N
32
2, 064
3, 348
1,313
339
94
47
21
11
2
2
33
1, 176
2,418
1, 139
451
147
67
26
27
23
3.
1
98
1, 148
2, 158
1,095
468
232
116
50
24
4.
91
1, 040
2, 042
1, 114
504
341
183
56
8
∞OWN
2
3
7,275
6.58
5, 490
7.84
5, 396
8.92
5.
67
1,049
1,915
1,086
562
336
109
26
25
5, 381
10.06
1
6.
146
1, 016
1,714
1, 042
5, 156
11.01
657
278
69
9
1
7
4
176
1,062
1, 580
4, 932
11.95
967
427
118
14
8.
4,348
8
12.69
230
957
1, 400
745
269
61
1
9.
3, 671
13. 51
1
31
214
811
1, 049
456
150
29
3
10.
2, 744
14.32
3
40
319
884
979
443
100
20
3
1
11.
2,792
15. 17
27
222
620
644
267
71
25
4
2
12.
2
13.
2
NN
34
214
483
419
176
49
4
6
32
181
348
435
148
42
215
1,882
16. 16
1,382
16.97
1, 199
18. 01
Total
32
2,098
4, 622
4,970
4,743 4,881
4,892 | 4,950 4,889
4, 783 3,839
2, 802
1, 992
1, 165
706
225
51
8
51, 648
46977-27-
-2
REDUCED TO THE BASIS OF 1,000,000
619 | 39, 963
64, 823
25, 422
6, 564
1,820
910
407
213
39
39
39
2
639
22,770
46, 817
22, 053
8, 732
2,846
1, 297
503
523
58
58
3_
19
1,897
22, 228
41, 783
21, 201
9, 061
4, 492
2, 246
968
465
116
140, 858
106,296
1,762
20, 136
39, 537
21, 569
9, 759
6, 602
3, 543
1, 084
155
39
104, 476
1,297❘ 20, 311
37,078
21, 027
10, 881
6, 506
2, 110
504
6.
97
104, 186
19
2, 827
19, 672
33, 186
20, 175
12, 721
5, 383
7.
1, 336
174
99, 830
19
77
3, 408
20, 562
30, 592
18, 723
8, 267
8.
2,285
271
95, 493
155
4, 453
18, 529
27, 107
14, 425
9
5, 208
84, 185
1, 181
19
19
600
4, 144
15, 702
20, 311
10.
8,829
2,905
71, 077
561
58
58
775
6, 176
17, 116
18, 955
11
8, 577
53, 129
1, 936
387
58
522
12.
4, 298
20
12, 004
12, 469
5, 170
54, 058
1,375
484
78
39
39
658
13.
4, 143
9, 352
36, 439
8, 113
3, 408
949
77
19
39
116
620
3,504
26, 758
6, 738
8, 423
2,865
813
97
23, 215
Total
619
40, 621
89, 490
96, 229
91, 833
94, 505
94, 718
95, 841
|
94, 660 92, 608 74, 330
54, 252 38, 569
38, 569 | 22, 556 | 13,670
4,356
988
155 1,000,000






9:
Grades
4
5
LO
TABLE 4.-Age-grade enrollment of pupils
IN CITIES REPORTING 8 YEARS IN ELEMENTARY GRADES AND 4 YEARS IN HIGH SCHOOL
Ages
Total
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21 and
over
1.
574
47,036 250, 256 |139, 085
43, 812
13, 344
4,754
1, 774
1, 016
509
253
124
31
10
10
14
2
3
830
33, 492 159, 467
116, 511
46, 14716, 810
6, 338
2, 803
3.
1, 146
530
200
53
16
3
5
1
4.
16
1
1,245
32,766
136, 577
106, 617 52, 955
21,990
9, 761
4, 153
1, 691
584
176
38
19
11
55
1,869
34, 163
122, 858
|100, 277
54, 477
28, 500
12, 940
5, 471
5
1,966
420
63
23
10
4362
191
502, 797
37
384, 394
48
368, 654
13
363, 108
2
78
2,398
34, 592
110, 566
|
96, 211
57, 938
30, 417
13, 998
5,075
922
132
59
17
10
352, 419
6.
5
137
3, 101
33, 708
102, 385 | 91, 219
55, 587
27, 528
10, 296
2, 025
268
74
22
9
20
326, 384
7.
8
136
3,379
33, 042
91, 172
81, 538
46, 571
19, 130
4, 556
708
118
31
11
13
8.
280, 413
2
8
194
3, 820
31, 196
79, 700
68, 824
34, 570
10, 396
1, 948
325
83
19
92
231, 177
9.
1
10.
72
271
4,871
31, 588
74, 090
74, 090
60, 065|
26, 549
7,852
2, 008
523
204
189
208, 218
17
310
4,000
22, 379
49, 319
11.
37, 511
15,958
4, 650
1, 246
388
198
135, 978
1
19
328
12.
3, 422
16,056
33,817 | 25, 602
9, 911
3,066
866
433
93, 521
2
16
235 2,734
13, 339
26, 452
19, 779
7,623
2, 344
875
73, 399
Total.
578
522, 652 320, 326 318,807301, 922
47, 883 285, 050 333, 270 333, 608 326, 804 322, 652 320, 326 318, 807 301, 922
264, 992
264, 992
200, 119
200, 119
129, 795
129, 795 79, 047
36, 979
12, 651
3,860
2, 119 3, 320, 462
IN CITIES REPORTING 7 YEARS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES AND 4 YEARS IN THE HIGH SCHOOL
14
972
2.
5
15, 029
765
31
13, 911
6, 773
3, 361
1,890
1,037
799
373
159
4R
10
4
8, 081
44, 378
8, 725
4, 531
2, 707
1, 538
1, 144
704
315
74
21
6
2
919
7, 146
8, 064
4,889
2, 894
4.
1, 965
1, 146
637
225
76
11
27
861
6, 160
7, 118
4, 732
2,962
5.
1,890
1, 075
434
142
22
247
28, 618
28, 007
4
38
861
5, 451
6.
6, 628
4, 701
2, 977
1,654
707
201
55
12
4
55
878
7.
4, 427
5, 994
4, 120
2, 518
1, 089
353
88
16
1
4
59
650
3,375
5, 064
3,397
1, 857
697
195
33
9
4276
1
25, 435
1
1
23, 289
19, 549
3
1
15,345
8.
1
32
9
603
2, 901
4, 559
2,845
1,366
484
124
35
19
1
12,970
1
4
10
61
536
2, 256
3, 250
1, 849
775
205
50
14
1
9,002
7
12
11
23
247
32
1, 411
2, 342
1, 185
377
131
31
3
5,746
278
1, 152
1,758
857
321
100
16
4, 517
Total.
14
977
15, 825❘ 22, 938
23, 548
23, 036
22, 994
21, 942
21, 611
19, 726
16, 849
12, 216
8, 209
4, 583
1,637
559
169
23
216, 856








7
TABLE 5.-Age-grade enrollment of pupils in all cities reporting 9 years in elementary grades and 4 years in high school, by sex
BOYS
Grades
4
5
10
6
7
∞
Total
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21 and
over
Ages
3, 804
2,745
2,697
2,789
2, 622
2,424
2, 191
1, 783
1, 335
1, 282
813
606
475
1
17
1, 042
1, 759
709
188
48
26
8
3
1
2.
18
562
1, 181
593
236
83
37
16
13
3
3
44
565
1, 069
560
237
119
60
27
13
133
3
4.
39
516
1,049
611
252
178
106
32
4
2
5.
37
503
941
560
300
190
70
18
3
6.
61
449
846
530
341
150
43
4
7.
85
527
788
493
217
71
10
४.
3
113
441
670
381
143
31
1
9
6
91
356
530
239
96
15
10
3
16
149
388
11
12
12
1
98888
443
217
49
13
96
255
290
118
29
16
89
226
157
82
12 283
3
1
11
1
1
31
3
1
13
2
2
15
84
141
155
56
16
4
Hi Jand Jarad }
Total.
17
1,060
2,365
2, 494
2,403
2,457
2, 435
2, 471
2, 423
2, 361
1,900
1, 327
963
481
281
101
21
22
6
GIRLS
25, 566
15
1, 022
1, 589
604
151
46
21
13
2.
15
614
1, 237
546
215
64
30
3.
5
1
54
583
1, 089
535
231
113
5500
1
1
14
3, 471
2, 745
56
23
11
3
2,699
52
524
993
503
252
163
77
24
4
2, 592
30
546
974
526
262
146
39
8
2
1
2, 534
85
567
868
512
316
128
26
5
1
2,508
7
4
91
535
792
474
210
47
4
2, 157
8.
5
117
516
730
364
126
30
1,888
9
1
25
123
455
519
217
54
14
1
1, 409
10
24
170
496
536
226
51
7
1, 510
11
15
126
365
354
149
42
14
3
1
1,069
12.
1
18
125
257
262
1
94
18
1
776
13
4
17
97
207
280
92
26
1
724
Total
15
1, 038
2,257
2,476
2, 340
2, 424
2, 457
2,479
2, 466
2,422
1,939
1, 475 1,029
684
425
124
30
2
26, 082










∞
TABLE 6.-Age-grade enrollment of pupils in all cities reporting 8 years in elementary grades and 4 years in high schools, by sex
BOYS
Grade
4
Ages
Total
10
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21 and
over
1
486
23, 727 127, 341
73,855
24, 294
7,670
2,633
2
1,009
580
281
156
67
17
7
4
0
5
LO
398
15, 943
78,489
61, 272
25, 679
9, 697
3,689
3.
1,659
691
315
112
31
9
2
0
3
4
558
15,050
65, 551
55, 047
4
29,850
12, 482
5, 683
2,527
1,047
369
122
29
16
8
1
23
853
15, 549
58,372
51,040
29,455
16,067
7,460
3,337
1, 173
264
38
18
10
30
1,087
15, 677
52, 511
48,449 | 31,332
17,044
8, 163
3,020
515
72
49
15
2
66
1,453
15, 251
7
8
9.
10.
11.
12.
Total
286
47,947 | 45, 554
29, 272
15, 539
5,932
1,206
153
46
16
3
71
1, 632
15, 242 | 42, 454
40, 181
24, 555
10, 469
2,474
367
64
17
6
1
0
79
1, 796
14,080 | 36, 585
33, 558
17, 594
5, 410
1,011
166
52
314247ON
16
261, 951
1
197,991
15
188, 362
12
183, 674
8
177,976
4
162, 448
7
137,542
11
110, 355
1
2
62
155
2,220
14, 171
33,998
28,649
13, 469
4,243
1,164
343
134
126
98,679
7
139
1,855
9, 673 | 21,090
17,451
8, 100
2,553
774
284
142
62, 070
11
165
1
У
1,549
109
6,782
14,648
11,416
5,078
1, 739
560
323
42, 271
1, 182
5, 455
10,477
8,478
3,779
1,347
535
31,372
143,865 168,279
24, 130 143, 865 168, 279 167, 823 163,970 162,701
162, 701 | 160, 231 159,780 150, 241 131,999 96,439 61,062
35, 922
17,638 6,761
2,364
1,200 1,654,691
GIRLS
288
23, 309 122, 915
65, 230
19, 518
5, 674
2, 121
765
436
228
97
57
14
3
6
3
432
17, 549
80, 978
55, 239
20, 468
7,113
2,649
3.
1, 144
455
215
88
22
7
1
12
687
17,716
71, 026
51, 570
23, 105
9, 508
4,078
1,62€
644
215
54
9
3
122
023
175
240, 846
36
186, 403
33
32
1,016
180, 292
18,614
64,486
49, 237
25,022
12, 433
5, 480
2, 134
793
156
25
5.
5
1
2
48
179, 434
1,311
18, 915
58,055
47,762
26, 606
6.
13, 373
5,835
2, 055
407
60
10
2
2
174, 443
3
71
1, 648
18, 457
54,438
7
45, 665 | 26, 315
11,989
4,364
819
115
28
6
8.
41
5
65
1, 747
17,800
48, 718
41,357
22, 016
8, 661
2,082
341
54
14
1
8
115
2,024
17, 116
43, 115
35,266 |
16, 976
4,986
937
159
31
267
16
163,936
5
6
142,871
81
120, 822
9.
1
116
2,651
17,417
40, 092
10
31,416
13, 080
3, 609
844
180
70
63
109, 539
10
171
11
2, 145
12, 706
28, 229
20,060
7,858
2,097
472
104
56
73,908
1
8
163
12.
1, 873
9, 274
19, 169
14, 186
4,833
1, 327
306
110
51, 250
1
7
126
1, 552
7,884
15,975
11, 301
3,844
997
340
42, 027
Total.
292
162,
160, 159,
132,
23, 753 141, 185 16, 991 165, 785 162, 834 159, 951 160,095 159, 027 151, 681 132, 993 103, 680
68, 733 43, 125
19, 341
5,890
1,496
919
1,665, 771








6


TABLE 7.-Age-grade enrollment of pupils in all cities reporting 7 years in elementary grades and 4 years in high school, by sex
BOYS
Ages
Total
Grade
21 or
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
more
6
472
2.
4
7,387
356
7,328
3, 682
1, 843
1, 041
553
471
228
85
22
5
3, 757
4,368
2, 418
1, 502
844
658
389
185
47
14
3.
16
414
3, 229
3,963
2, 561
1, 528
1,030
631
365
121
35
4.
g
339
2, 726
3, 357
2,375
1, 523
967
584
229
81
5.
17
364
2, 437
3, 147
2, 290
1,552
921
366
98
1
21
402
1, 978
2, 799
1, 984
1, 249
550
187
34
7.
4
22
251
1, 447
2, 294
1, 622
858
337
80
~~~***8
23, 126
14, 544
3
1
100 GO LOI
13, 903
1
12, 202
1
1
1
11, 223
3
9, 209
11
6
2
6, 934
8.
1
1/2
245
1, 247
2,000
1, 268
656
239
67
18
9.
1
2
28
238
959
1, 323
794
351
90
25
11
10.
11
3
5
97
565
926
496
180
71
13
15
109
411
647
355
161
Total.
6
476
7,759 | 11, 508
11, 636
11, 339
11, 324
10, 690 | 10, 494
9, 535
8, 082
5, 458
3, 544
1,890
715
286
97
R=255
13
5,766
3, 822
1-
2,357
57
8
1, 763
10
104, 849
GIRLS
8
500
2.
1
7,642
409
6, 583
3, 091
1, 518
849
484
328
145
74
24
4, 324
4,357
2, 113
1,205
694
486
315
130
27
7
57
21, 252
4
3.
15
505
3, 917
4, 101
2,328
1, 366
935
515
272
104
41
4
4.
18
522
3, 434
3, 761
2,357
1, 439
923
491
205
61
14
5.
21
497
3, 014
3, 481
2, 411
1, 425
733
341
103
32
6.
3
34
476
2, 449
3, 195
2, 136
1, 269
539
166
54
7.
1
37
399
1, 928
2,770
1,775
999
360
115
8.
20
358
1,654
2, 559
1, 577
710
245
9.
2
33
298
1, 297
1, 927
1, 055
424
10-
4
7
150
846
1, 416
689
11
3
17
169
741
1, 111
502
SEEG NGJAN
14, 074
3
1914 CO
14, 104
3
1
13, 233
12, 066
10, 340
1
1
8, 411
160
FR88
17
6
25
3
60
18
43
8
112co
7, 201
5, 180
3, 389
2,754
Total.
8
501
8,066 11, 430
11, 912
11, 697
11, 670 11, 252 | 11, 117
10, 191
8, 767
6, 758
4, 665
2,693
922
273
72
13
112, 007







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мо, я
Statistical Circular No. 9
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF EDUCATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
OCT 2 6 1927
July, 1927
PER CAPITA COSTS IN TEACHERS' COLLEGES
AND STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS, 1925-26
By FRANK M. PHILLIPS
Chief, Division of Statistics
Various attempts have been made to compute per student costs in
teachers' colleges and normal schools. On several occasions data
were gathered concerning the total number of weeks of attendance in
these institutions. Data collected, however, were never comparable
between institutions because some schools kept accurate records of
attendance, while others kept records that were to be used only in
determining tuition costs. Frequently the total number of weeks of
attendance was the product of 36 and the total enrollment.
At the suggestion of the cooperating committee of the American
Association of Teachers' Colleges, data were gathered in 1926 show-
ing the student enrollment at the end of the second week of each
term, semester, or summer session. This figure was taken as the
typical enrollment for the period indicated, the argument being that
practically all the students who intended to enroll for the term or
semester had done so by the end of the second week, while floaters,
and others who did not intend to remain in school, had dropped out,
or had been dropped from the enrollment lists by that time. Whether
or not the method is absolutely correct is of no significance, since the
results ought to be as good in one institution as in another.
The enrollments at the end of the second week were multiplied
by the number of weeks in the term or semester, and all were reduced
to the basis of a 36-week year. For example, 100 students for a 20-
week session and another 100 for a second 20-week session were com-
puted to amount to 111.1 students for a 36-week year, and 100
students for a 9-week summer session were taken as 25 students for a
36-week year. Students in practice and observation schools were
omitted where it was possible to make such omission, and no school is
included in this report unless it is quite clear that such students are
omitted. No data were gathered concerning part-time students, and
therefore no adjustments are made for those not enrolled for full-time
work. Students in extension courses and correspondence courses
58233-27
2
PER CAPITA COSTS IN TEACHERS' COLLEGES
are omitted, but mention is made in the tables of those schools that
have such enrollments.
All
In computing costs only current expenditures are included.
payments for sites, buildings, and contents are omitted. Current
expenses include salaries and expenses of administrators, deans,
teachers, and instructors; payments for textbooks and supplies met
by the institution; cost of operation of the plant, wages of janitors
and other caretakers, fuel, light, water, and janitor's supplies; main-
tenance, cost of upkeep, repairs, and replacements; expenses of
auxiliary agencies, libraries, athletics, printing, health, and lecture
courses; and fixed charges, such as rent, interest, and insurance.
Because of the existence of different accounting systems in the vari-
ous schools, it is not possible at this time to give comparable per
capita costs under the various headings mentioned above.
Some institutions have dormitories and some do not. It is not pos-
sible to give the cost of dormitories separate from other costs. No
estimates are possible for the cost of maintaining model schools, nor
of correspondence and extension courses. Those institutions main-
taining model schools, dormitories, and extension courses are desig-
nated in the tables which follow.
TABLE 1.-Current expenses per capita of student enrollment in teachers' colleges,
upon basis of 36 weeks' enrollment
[In column 2, M means model school; D, dormitory; E, extension courses]
Location
1
Main-
Average
annual
tains-
enroll-
Current
expenses
Per
capita
costs
ment
2
3
4
5
Arizona:
Flagstaff.
Tempe.
M,D,E
354.8
$180, 552
M,D
677.6
245, 359
Arkansas: Conway.
California:
Chico.
Fresno
San Diego.
San Francisco_.
San Jose.
M,D,E
822.3
182, 212
$508.88
362. 10
221.59
M,D,E
594.3
217, 625
366. 19
M
1, 253. 8
165, 586
132.07
M
915. 4
220, 132
2-10. 80
M,E
1,036.9
172, 540
166.40
M
1,686. 0
306, 183
181.60
Colorado:
Greeley.
M,E
2,324.0
451,846
194.43
Gunnison.
D.E
570.6
209, 201
366.63
Georgia: Athens.
M,D,E
649.5
200, 326
308.43
Illinois:
Carbondale.
M,D
1,655. 1
252, 272
152.42
Charleston.
M,D
978.5
262, 039
267.80
De Kalb.
Evanston 1
Macomb.
M,D
878.3
243, 268
276.98
M,D
383.0
223, 512
583.58
M,D,E
1, 136. 2
238, 927
210. 29
Indiana:
Normal
Danville 1, 2
Indianapolis ¹
M,D
1, 898. 8
348, 781
183.68
M,D
710.0
51, 916
73.12
M,D,E
842.2
88, 132
104. 65
Muncie.
Terre Haute..
Iowa: Cedar Falls.
Kansas:
Emporia
D,E
1,288. 1
312, 765
242.81
M,D,E
2, 197.0
457, 911
208.43
M,D,E
3,604.3
1,081, 872
300. 16
M,D,E
1, 795. 2
552, 459
307.74
Hays..
D,E
734.0
255, 246
347.75
Pittsburg.
M,D,E
2, 603. 6
596, 218
229.00
1 Private control
" Profits only, on dormitory reported.
U.S. Yout.
"M"-//-1937PER CAPITA COSTS IN
TEACHERS' COLLEGES
0-11
3
TABLE 1.-Current expenses per capita of student enrollment in teachers' colleges,
upon basis of 36 weeks' enrollment-Continued

Kentucky:
Location
1
Average
Per
Main- annual Current
tains- enroll- expenses
ment
capita
costs
2
3
4
5
Worcester.
Bowling Green.
Murray.
Richmond
Louisiana: Natchitoches.
Massachusetts:
Boston..
Bridgewater.
Salemi..
Michigan:
M,D
1, 650.3
$262, 112
$158.83
M,D
627.1
150, 289
239.66
M,D,E
1,251.8
468, 876
374.56
M,D,E
1,398.0
345, 295
246.99
807.8
129, 295
160.06
M,D
590.8
213, 476
361.33
M
484. 0
114, 670
236.92
M,D
279.7
83, 430
298. 28
Detroit
E
1,035. 5
210, 340
203. 13
Kalamazoo...
M,E
2,505. 5
687,058
274. 22
Marquette.
M,E
785.7
238, 017
302.94
Mount Pleasant.
M,D,E
1,099.7
275,000
250.07
Ypsilanti..
M,D,E
2,670.7
721, 468
270.14
Minnesota:
Moorhead
M,D
603.5
213, 093
353. 10
Winona.
M
619.0
148, 812
240. 41
Missouri:
Cape Girardeau.
M,D,E
831.3
257, 675
309.97
Jefferson City.
Kirksville.
Maryville.
St. Louis..
Springfield.
Warrensburg.
Nebraska:
Chadron.
D,E
397.4
139, 534
351. 12
E
894. 1
287, 005
321.00
M,D
1, 084. 5
292, 601
269.80
E
534.0
148, 356
277.82
M,D,E
1,750.6
444, 148
253.71
M,E
1, 479. 4
265, 819
179.68
M,D,E
492. 2
209, 851
426.35
Kearney
M,D,E
906.8
243, 744
268.80
Peru.
M,E
570.8
181, 391
317.78
New Mexico:
East Las Vegas.
M,D,E
220.0
108, 990
495. 41
Silver City.
M,D,E
155.0
96,000
619.35
New York:
Albany.
M,E
1, 222.5
230,048
188. 18
Buffalo
M,E
1, 356. 0
195, 137
143.91
North Carolina: Greenville.
M,D
935.7
285, 076
304.67
North Dakota:
Mayville..
Minot..
Valley City.
D,E
M,D,E
M,D,E
427.5
156, 179
365.33
719.5
223, 839
311. 10
1, 029.8
339, 535
329.71
Ohio:
Bowling Green..
M,D,E
977.7
270, 671
276.84
Kent..
Oklahoma:
Ada
Alva..
Durant
M,E
1, 124. 2
218, 356
194.23
M
1,686.3
158,900
94.23
M, E
1, 034. 8
129, 487
M, E
1, 606. 4
177,283
Edmond..
M, E
1, 649. 5
157, 100
125. 13
110.36
95. 24
Tahlequah..
Weatherford__
Rhode Island: Providence.
South Carolina: Orangeburg.
South Dakota:
M, E
1, 083. 5
126, 790
117. 02
M, E
767.3
155, 250
202.33
M, E
589.8
147,000
249. 24
M
622. 2
139, 090
223. 55
Aberdeen.
Madison
Spearfish
Springfield
Tennessee:
M, D, E
1, 052.3
283, 315
269.23
M, D, E
429. 5
154, 700
360. 19
M, D
338.8
128, 762
380.05
D
267.8
111, 191
415. 20
Johnson City
M, D
612.5
111, 916
182, 72
Memphis.
Nashville 1
M, D
698. 1
183, 983
263.55
M, D, E
1, 451. 0
373, 249
257. 24
Texas:
Alpine..
M, E
330. 7
108, 718
328.75
Canyon..
M. E
887.3
301, 500
339.79
Commerce.
M
1, 765.0
232, 580
131. 77
Denton
Huntsville.
M, E
2, 174.3
435, 139
200. 13
M
1,067. 0
257, 220
241.07
Nacogdoches..
Prairie View
Virginia:
East Radford.
M
963. 7
162, 107
168.21
M, D
1, 166. 0
521, 664
447. 40
D, E
771.7
208, 336
269.97
Farmville..
D. E
939.3
Fredericksburg.
317, 516
338. 04
M, D
594.0
Harrisonburg.
202, 184
340.38
D, E
872.5
West Virginia:
331, 180
379.58
Athens.
D, E
373.3
Fairmont.
94, 860
254. 11
D, E
798.5
Huntington.
109, 120
136. 66
M, D. E
928.3
Wisconsin: Menomonie.
309, 513
333.42
E
542.0
249, 816
460.92
•
4
PER CAPITA COSTS IN TEACHERS' COLLEGES
In Table 1 data are given showing for 90 teachers' colleges the
average annual enrollment, the total current expense for the school
year, and the cost per student enrolled upon a 36-week year
basis. Annual enrollments range from 155 students in the New
Mexico State Teachers' College to 3,604.3 in the Iowa State
Teachers' College. Per capita costs in institutions under public
control range from $94.23 in the East Central State Teachers' Col-
lege of Oklahoma to $619.35 in the New Mexico State Teachers'
College. Per capita costs are higher in the smaller institutions.
In those schools having 400 students or less, the average per capita
cost is $431.51; 401 to 600 students, $346.48; 601 to 800 students,
$258.22; 801 to 1,000 students, $264.94; 1,001 to 1,200 students,
$235.29; 1,201 to 1,700 students, $182.72; and with 1,701 or more
students, $228.33. The average expenditure per pupil in teachers'
colleges is about $296, the median cost is $269, and the modal cost
is $243.
TABLE 2.-Current expenses per capita of student enrollment in State normal
schools upon a basis of 36 weeks' enrollment
[In column 2, M means model school; D, dormitory or cafeteria; E, extension]
Alabama:
Location
1
Average
Main-
tains-
annual Current
enroll-
expenses
ment
Per
capita
costs
2
3
4
5
Daphne.
E
137. 1
Florence
$22, 062
$160.92
M, D, E
880.0
Jacksonville.
165, 466
188.03
M, D, E
690.8
148.308
Livingstone.
214. 69
M, D, E
298. 3
Montgomery.
Normal.
Troy..
Arkansas: Pine Bluff
California: Arcata.
Connecticut:
Danbury
121, 460
407. 17
M, D, E
732.4
85, 833
117. 19
D
89.1
64, 936
728.80
M, D, E
856. 1
123, 901
144. 73
M
258.0
73, 880
286.36
M, E
269.7
64, 861
240.49
180.0
New Britain
Willimantic
94, 220
523.45
M
308, 3
135,310
438.89
D
195.6
Georgia:
Albany.
101,599
519.42
M
410.5
25,563
62. 27
Bowdon
E
113.7
Statesboro.
Hawaii: Honolulu
Idaho: Albion.
Kentucky:
17,847
156.97
M, E
160.8
50,000
310.95
M, D, E
495.0
134, 150
368.99
Ď, É
436.5
141, 287
323.68
Frankfort.
M, D, E
334, 4
64, 509
192.91
Morehead..
M, D, E
618. 2
142, 335
230. 24
Louisiana: Scotlandville.
M, D
391.6
107, 415
274.30
Maine:
Castine ¹
M, D
134. 6
25, 947
192. 77
Farmington.
Gorham
Machias 1
Presque Isle.
Maryland:
Frostburg.
Salisbury
Towson
Massachusetts:
M
502. 2
42,379
84.39
M
430.8
41, 413
96. 13
M, D
218.0
30,003
137.63
M
217.0
35, 691
164. 48
M, D
224. 7
54, 500
242.55
M, D
102. 0
62,393
611.70
M, D
942.8
345, 347
366.30
Fitchburg..
D
470.8
198, 082
420.73
Hyannis.
D
222.0
96, 676
435.48
Lowell..
327, 2
65, 825
201. 18
North Adams.
D. E
233.7
101, 343
433.65
Westfield.
M, D
211.3
97, 567
461. 75
1 Cost of dormitory not included.
PER CAPITA COSTS IN TEACHERS' COLLEGES
5
LO
TABLE 2.-Current expenses per capita of student enrollment in State normal
schools upon a basis of 36 weeks' enrollment-Continued

Location
1
Average
Per
Main. annual Current
tains- enroll- expenses
ment
capita
costs
2
3
4
5
Minnesota:
Bemidji.
Duluth 2
Mankato.
St. Cloud.
Mississippi: Cleveland.
Montana: Dillon.
New Hampshire:
Keene
Plymouth
New Jersey:
Glassboro
Upper Montclair.
M, D,
E
236.0
$104, 793
$444. 04
M
401. 0
89,361
222.85
M
749.5
157,319
209.90
M
1, 169. 8
192, 175
164, 28
D
97.0
56, 836
585.94
D, E
691. 2
223,493
323.34
M,
M. D
612.8
239, 809
391.33
D
304. 2
139, 777
459.82
M, E
544.2
135, 418
248.84
M, D
627.7
157,703
251, 24
Newark.
Paterson
M
865.0
147, 292
170. 28
270.6
52, 150
192. 72
Trenton..
New Mexico: El Rito.
New York:
Brockport..
D
501. 1
291, 435
581. 59
M, D
65. 2
36, 766
563.90
M
500. 6
103,995
207.74
Fredonia
M, E
492.9
121, 534
246. 57
Winston-Salem
Dickinson.
Bloomsburg..
Geneseo.
New Paltz
Oswego - - -
Plattsburg.
North Carolina:
Cullowhee.
Durham
Elizabeth City.
North Dakota:
Ellendale
Oklahoma: Langston.
Oregon: Monmouth.
Pennsylvania:
M, D, E
M
517.8
189, 278
365.54
M, E
659.0
121,310
184.08
M
613.3
135, 358
220.70
M
338.2
102, 906
304.28
M, D, E
216. 0
M, D
106, 740
494. 17
219.0
57, 019
260. 36
M, D
517.3
88,361
170.81
D, E
204. 4
88.550
433.22
D
347.7
66,660
191.72
D, E
270.5
88, 192
326.03
692. 2
78, 040
112. 74
M
1, 185. 3
183,000
154.39
M, D, E
811.0
329, 254
405,99
California..
M, D, E
907.8
276, 910
305.04
Cheyney..
M, D
102.0
105, 855
1,037.79
Clarion
M, D
496.0
203, 762
410.81
East Stroudsburg.
M, D, E
786.5
399, 717
508. 22
Edinboro..
Ď. É
721.0
250, 916
348.01
Indiana.
M, D, E
1, 420.0
591, 240
416.37
Kutztown..
M, D, E
530.3
184, 835
348.55
Lock Haven
M, D
498.0
254, 287
510.62
Mansfield.
M, D
728.3
337,057
462.80
Millersville.
M, D
633.5
284, 384
448.91
Shippensburg.
Slippery Rock.
West Chester.
Tennessee: Nashville.
Texas: Kingsville.
Virginia: Ettrick.
Washington:
Bellingham.
Cheney
Ellensburg
West Virginia:
Bluefield.
Shepherdstown-
West Liberty.
Wisconsin:
Eau Claire….
La Crosse..
Milwaukee..
Oshkosh
Platteville.
M, D
718.0
286, 244
398.81
M, D, E
710.3
389, 663
548, 59
D
1, 184. 5
335, 745
283.45
M, D
642. 5
130, 111
202. 51
408.3
107, 494
263, 27
M, D, E
933.3
170, 715
182.92
M, D, E
1, 408. 3
385, 541
273.76
M, D, E
1, 111. 5
348, 309
313.37
M, D, E
604.7
229, 957
380. 28
M, D, E
301.0
48, 500
161. 13
D, É
297.3
71, 850
241.68
D, E
217.8
72, 330
332.09
M
565.0
116, 727
206. 60
M
591.3
181, 975
307.76
M, E
1, 216. 2
301, 929
248.26
M
664.3
210, 056
316. 21
M, E
422. 2
137, 217
325.00
River Falls.
Stevens Point.
Superior
Whitewater.
M, E
392.9
163, 277
415. 57
M
544. 2
204, 030
374.92
M, D, E
791.3
196, 341
248. 13
M
559.7
164, 247
293.46
* Includes $5,052 for supplies sold to students.
6
PER CAPITA COSTS IN TEACHERS' COLLEGES
Table 2 gives average annual enrollments, total current expendi-
tures, and per capita costs for 93 State normal schools. The smallest
enrollment is in the Spanish-American Normal School of New Mexico,
65.2 students; and the largest is in the State Normal School at
Indiana, Pa., where the total annual enrollment is 1,420. Per capita
costs range from $62.26 in the Georgia Normal and Agricultural
College to $1,037.79 in the State Normal School at Cheyney, Pa.
In institutions having 100 or less students, the average per capita
cost is $626.21; in those with 101 to 200 students, $439.25; 201 to
300 students, $318.65; 301 to 400 students, $293.31; 401 to 500
students, $295.54; 501 to 600 students, $308.51; 601 to 700 students,
$279.43; 701 to 800 students, $389.21; and those with more than
800 students, $258.36. The average cost per pupil for the 93 insti-
tutions is approximately $328, the median is $303, and the mode is
$249.
Table 3 shows the distribution of 90 teachers' colleges and of
93 State normal schools according to current expenditures per student
enrolled on the basis of a 36-week year.
TABLE 3.-Distribution of teachers' colleges and of State normal schools, according
to per capita costs
Per capita cost
Teachers'
colleges
State
normal
schools
Teachers'
Per capita cost
State
normal
colleges schools
1
2
3
1
2
3
Under $100.
$100-$199__
200-299-
300-399-
400-499.
500-599
3
3
20
19
32
24
27
20
62
5
16
8
$600-$699.
700-999-
1,000 and over.
Total.
1
1
1
1
90
93
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1927
4
*
;
+
L
111
A bio
no, 10
Statistical Circular No. 10
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
511
BUREAU OF EDUCATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
March, 1923
Items of Statistics for Public-School Systems
With Special Reference to Reports to the United States
Bureau of Education
Compiled by
EMERY M. FOSTER
Principal Statistical Assistant, Bureau of Education
[This material is a part of the report of the committee on uniform records
and reports of the department of superintendence of the National Education
Association and the National Association of Public-School Business Officials.]
I. GENERAL DEFINITIONS
A. TYPES OF SCHOOL ORGANIZATIONS
1. Kindergartens.-Report in these columns the statistics of all
definitely organized kindergartens, even if they are housed in the
same building with an elementary school. Count each individual
child but once, whether he be enrolled in the morning session only
or in the afternoon session, or in both sessions.
2. Elementary schools.—After this item include only the statistics
of such elementary grades as have not been definitely organized as a
junior high school, senior high school, or as a high school (grades
9-12, inclusive). In case supervisors, principals, or teachers give
part of their time to the elementary grades and part to the junior
high school, prorate such persons and their salaries between these
schools according to the portion of their time devoted to each.
3. Separately organized junior high schools. In this column re-
port only the statistics of junior high schools in buildings by them-
selves or junior schools that have a separate teaching force, although
housed with an elementary or senior high school. This will include
statistics of grades 7-9, inclusive, when the schools are organized on
the 6-3-3 plan; of grades 7-8, inclusive, when organized on the
6-2-4 plan; and for grades 7-10, inclusive, if organized on the 6-4-2
plan.
97184°-28
2
ITEMS OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
4. Junior-senior high schools under one organization.-These are
schools containing grades 7-12, inclusive, in school systems organized
on the 6-3-3, 6-2-4, 6-4-2, or 6-6 plans, when a common teaching
force is used in both the junior and the senior school.
5. Separately organized senior high schools. These are senior
high schools housed in separate buildings or having a separate teach-
ing force. There can be no senior high school unless there is a
junior high school in the system. These are schools containing
grades 10-12 in systems organized on the 6-3-3 plan, grades 9-12
in systems on the 6-2-4 plan, and grades 11 and 12 in systems on the
6–4–2 plan.
6. Regular high schools of four years or less.-Under this item re-
port the statistics of all high schools not organized on the junior-
senior plan. Report here the last four grades of all schools in sys-
tems organized on the 7-4, 8-4, or 9-4 plan. Junior college grades
should be reported here if offered under the high-school organization.
7. Vocational schools (of secondary grade).-Report here the data
for schools definitely organized for giving vocational, trade, or con-
tinuation courses. Do not include departments of regular high
schools offering such courses.
8. Special schools. Include here the statistics of the following
special schools: (a) Schools for the anemic, (b) schools for the blind,
(c) schools for cardiac cases, (d) schools for the crippled, (e) schools
for the deaf, (f) schools for the correction of defective speech, (g)
schools for the mentally defective, (h) schools for gifted children, (i)
schools for incorrigible (truant) children, and (j) schools for tuber-
cular children.
B. TYPES AND SOURCES OF INCOME
1. Revenue receipts.-Report as revenue receipts all receipts which
do not result in increasing school indebtedness or in the depletion of
school property. All revenue receipts should be net.
2. Nonrevenue receipts.-Nonrevenue receipts should include all
amounts obtained from loans and bond sales and from the sales of
property and supplies. All such receipts either incur indebtedness,
which must be paid at some future date, or result in decreasing the
amount and value of the school property. All nonrevenue receipts
should be net.
3. State moneys.-"State moneys" include all school revenue.
paid into the State treasury and distributed therefrom on a different
basis from that on which it was collected-i. e., the city usually
receives an amount either greater or less than the amount paid by the
city to the State. Include all money used for paying the salaries and
expenses of the State department, whether derived from school funds
or general funds.
ITEMS OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
3
4. County moneys.-Include all school revenue raised by the county
which is turned over to the schools for the support of the local schools.
Include all money used for paying salaries and expenses of the
county-school administration, whether derived from school funds or
general county funds. In States having the county unit of taxation,
all moneys received from county sources should be reported in the
column for county moneys.
5. Township, district, and municipal moneys.-Include all moneys
collected directly for school purposes or accruing to the school sys-
tem from the city, township, district, or town ("town" is used here
in the sense of a school district, not a village or small city) in which
the school is located or of which the school forms a part.
C. EIGHT FUNDAMENTAL EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTS
1. General control or administration.--General control or adminis-
tration shall be defined as that group of activities that deals with (1)
the carrying out of policies that provide physical, financial, and edu-
cational conditions under which pupil, teacher, principal, and super-
visor may work to best advantage; (2) the provision of channels
through which the course of study, general data, and instructions
may be quickly and effectively placed in operation; (3) the pro-
vision of channels through which information and conditions in the
schools may be promptly transmitted to the central offices; (4)
putting into operation standards of achievement; (5) the preparation
of general data and reports; (6) research activities; (7) general
publicity. These are usually the duties of the superintendent and
his assistants.
2. Instruction.-Instruction shall be defined as that group of activi-
ties concerned directly with teaching or aiding in the teaching of
children, or improving the quality of teaching. These are the activi-
ties of the supervisor, principal, and teacher. Superintendents of
small school systems who are called principals should be reported
under general control.
3. Operation of plant.-Operation of plant has to do with keeping
the school plant open and ready for use, cleaning, heating, and light-
ing, and providing water, power, and any other service.
4. Maintenance of plant.-Maintenance of plant has to do with all
repairs and replacements necessary to keep the school plant in its
original condition. All improvements and additions belong under
capital outlays.
5. Auxiliary agencies and coordinate activities.-Auxiliary agen-
cies are activities which, although not a part of regular instruction,
4
ITEMS OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
are closely connected with the school, such as public libraries under
the school board, transportation of pupils, school lunch rooms, etc.
Coordinate activities are those activities which are carried on by the
board of education in addition to instruction in the schools, such as
medical inspection and health work, enforcement of the compulsory
education law, and vocational guidance, placement, and follow-up
work. In large school systems auxiliary agencies and coordinate
activities should be carried as separate accounts.
6. Fixed charges.-Fixed charges are charges which recur with
some regularity, such as rent for buildings or apparatus, premiums
on insurance, payments to retirement or pension funds, annual con-
tributions, memberships, etc.
7. Capital outlays.-Capital outlays are all expenditures which in-
crease the value of the school plant, such as additions of any kind to
grounds, buildings, or equipment which are not replacements of
broken or worn-out material. Alterations which increase the value
of the property should be reported here.
8. Debt Service.-Debt service covers all payments which actually
reduce the debt on the school property or pay the interest charges
thereon or build up a fund from which interest and principal are
paid.
D. FUNCTIONS OF INSTRUCTIONAL PERSONNEL
1. Administration within a building by principal.-Administra-
tion within a building shall be defined as that group of activities that
deals with (1) the carrying out of policies which provide physical
and educational conditions under which pupil and teacher may work
to best advantage; (2) the preparation of reports, collection of data,
and compilation of statistical and attendance records; (3) research
activities; (4) preparation and circulation of publicity material;
(5) the establishing and maintaining of school and home relation-
ships; (6) classification and promotion of pupils; (7) maintenance
of school discipline; (8) the storage and distribution of materials
and supplies; (9) inspection of the physical plant; (10) rating of
teachers.
2. Supervision by principal or supervisor.-Supervision within a
building shall be defined as that group of activities which have to do
with the improvement of classroom instruction.
3. Teaching by teacher, principal, or supervisor.-Teaching is de-
fined as time spent in the direct instruction of children, whether in
groups or as individuals, testing, the correction of papers in school,
and time spent on preparation in school. All persons who teach
more than half time should be classified as teachers.
ITEMS OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
5
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II. EXPLANATION OF ITEMS
A. GENERAL STATISTICS
1. Educational administration, superintendents and their offices.—
Under this head should be included superintendents, assistant or
deputy superintendents, superintendents of small school systems who
are called principals and are the administrative heads of these sys-
tems, office assistants, clerks, and stenographers connected with their
offices.
2. Business administration, school boards, and business offices.-
Under this head should be included all full-time secretaries, treas-
urers, or paid members of school boards, officials in charge of construc-
tion and maintenance of physical properties, such as superintendents
of buildings, school architects, inspectors of buildings, superintend-
ent of repairs and schoolhouse commission, superintendents of sup-
plies, business managers, or other officers whose duties are concerned.
with the purchase and distribution of supplies, and office assistants,
clerks and stenographers connected with their offices.
3. Other administrative officers and employees.-Under this head
should be included persons who are in the central office exercising
direct control of field workers doing health work in the schools, en-
forcing the compulsory attendance laws, taking the school census,
conducting research or in charge of vocational guidance or placement
or issuing working permits, and all other administrative officers in
the central office whose duties are largely administrative and who are
not primarily supervisors of instruction. All office assistants, clerks,
and stenographers connected with these offices should be included
here.
4. Supervisors.-Include under supervisors those persons who
give half or more than half their time to the supervision of instruc-
tion in special subjects and grades, such as supervisors of manual
training, home economics, music, drawing, etc., and supervisors of
kindergartens, elementary grades, etc. Supervisors who give more
than half their time to teaching should be reported as teachers. In
case supervisors divide their time between two types of schools, as
elementary and secondary schools, prorate these supervisors accord-
ing to the portion of their time given to each type of school. If no
adequate prorating is possible, count supervisors under organization
to which major part of time is given and note other organizations
to which time is devoted.
5. Principals.—Include principals of groups and districts and
principals of building or similar units, such as principals of high
schools, elementary schools, vocational schools, etc., who devote half
6
ITEMS OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
or more than half of their time to administration and supervision
of instruction. Principals who devote more than half of their time
to teaching should be included as teachers. In case principals divide
their time between two types of schools, as elementary and secondary,
prorate these principals according to the portion of their time given
to each type of school. Principals who are really superintendents in
charge of the administration of a small school system should be
reported under general control personnel.
6. Teachers.-All persons who teach more than half time.
7. Number of teaching positions.-This is the number of teaching
positions making up the organization of the school or the number of
persons that would be required to fill all teaching positions in the
schools of a school system at one and the same time and is usually
less than the number of different teachers employed during the year.
In case a position has been held part of the year by a man and part
of the year by a woman, count the one by whom the position was
filled the greater part of the year. Positions of supervisors and
principals should be included under teaching positions when the occu-
pants of such positions devote more than half their time to classroom
instruction. In such cases these officers should not be reported as
supervisors and principals. This item is of importance in determining
the average salaries paid to teachers during the year. In case teach-
ers divide their time between two types of schools, as junior high and
senior high, prorate these teachers between the two types of schools
according to the portion of their time devoted to each type.
8. Pupils enrolled. This includes the total number of boys and
girls whose names are on the school registers, counting each name but
once. If pupils move or are transferred during the year from one
school to another, they should be counted as enrolled only by the
school first attended that school year, and not by any school subse-
quently attended that school year.
9. Aggregate attendance. This is the sum of all the days actually
attended by all the pupils in all the schools during the entire school
year. In some schools the attendance of pupils, because of congestion
or for other reasons, may be limited to half-day sessions only. In
such schools count each pupil present as being present for a full day.
(This does not refer to part-time or continuation schools.) This is
an item of great importance, and should be secured accurately for
each type of school indicated. Days on which schools were closed for
any purpose whatever should not be included in ascertaining the
aggregate attendance.
10. Average daily attendance.-The average number of pupils
actually present each day the schools were in session should be com-
puted as follows: For a single school add together the number of
ITEMS OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
7
days each pupil was present during the year (in schools in which
pupils are limited to half-day sessions only, count each half day as a
full day; this does not refer to part-time or continuation schools),
and divide the sum, which is the aggregate attendance in days, by
the number of days the school was actually open for instruction.
To secure average daily attendance for a group or system of schools,
add together the average daily attendance of each school in the group
or system, secured as above. The average daily attendance should
be ascertained for each type of school as indicated in the blank.
11. Number of days schools were actually in session.—This should
include only the number of days the schools were actually open for
instruction, and should not include legal or religious holidays on
which schools were not in session, nor days on which the schools
were closed on account of inclement weather, teachers' institutes, or
any other cause. A school term may be 9 months, or 180 days, but
on account of holidays or other causes the schools may have been
actually in session for the instruction of pupils a number of days
less than the legal school term.
In a school system having different lengths of school year in its
various units, the average number of days in the school year is
found by dividing the combined aggregate attendance in days of all
schools in the system by the combined average daily attendance of
all the schools in the system.
12. Number of schools.-A school, for reporting purposes, is defined
as a one-room school employing only one teacher, or a school of two or
more rooms usually housed in the same building, and having a princi-
pal in charge. In case an elementary school and a high school are
housed in the same building, count them as two separate schools.
The number of kindergarten schools will be the same as the number
of buildings which maintain kindergarten departments. In build-
ings having more than one teacher, each room used should not be
considered a school for the purposes of this report.
13. Value of school property.-There are three plausible bases on
which the value of school property may be estimated: (1) Original
cost of building, (2) replacement value, and (3) present value. To
secure uniformity in reports it is suggested that the original cost of
school property be reported. The replacement value; that is, what
it would cost to replace the present building, does not represent the
true and actual value of such property and does not represent the
original cost to the taxpayer. Furthermore, such values are largely
gross estimates. The present value of school property is likely to be
a mere guess, since, if such property were sold for commercial use, it
might bring considerably more or less than its present value for
school purposes. The original cost is, therefore, the most accurate
8
ITEMS OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
value, is the most easily secured, and represents what a given building
cost the community. The original cost, however, does not take depre-
ciation into account, but in many instances this factor is offset by
appreciation, or increased value in school lots or even in school build-
ings. To secure accurately the values of depreciation and apprecia-
tion is practically impossible and is not contemplated in this section
of the schedule.
B. PAYMENTS
1. General control, administration.-(a) Educational administra-
tion-Superintendents of schools and their offices: Include all pay-
ments for salaries of superintendents, assistant or deputy superin-
tendents, whose duties are largely administrative and who are not
primarily supervisors of instruction; for office assistants, clerks, and
stenographers; for stationery, postage, supplies, traveling expenses,
printing, and other miscellaneous expenses in connection with the
office of superintendent. All expenditures connected with item 1 (a)
should be reported here.
(b) Business administration-Board of education and business
office: Under this head should be included all expenditures for
salaries of members of school boards, of secretaries, and of other
officers or assistants engaged in the business of administration, and
all other expenditures for such officers for supplies, traveling ex-
penses, etc.
When personal bonds are required of school officers and are paid
for by the city school board, such expenditures should be entered
here.
Include the salaries and expenses of those having charge of the
construction and maintenance of physical properties, such as super-
intendents of buildings, school architects, inspector of buildings,
superintendent of repairs and schoolhouse commission. Payments to
special employees engaged exclusively on new work should be charged
to capital outlays.
Include the salaries and expenses of the superintendent of supplies,
business manager, or other officers whose duties are concerned with
the purchase and distribution of supplies.
Include operation and maintenance of administration building or
rents paid for general control offices. All expenditures connected
with item 1 (b) should be reported here.
(c) Other administrative officers and employees: Include pay-
ments for salaries and expenses of persons who are in the central
office exercising direct control of research or of field workers doing
health work in the schools or enforcing the compulsory education
law. Include salaries and expenses of officers in charge of procuring
ITEMS OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
9
vocational information, of giving vocational guidance, and of issuing
working permits, and of census enumerators, including clerical help,
necessary blanks, and other supplies, car fare, etc. All expenditures
connected with item 1 (c) should be reported here.
2. Instruction.—(a) Supervisors: Include salaries and expenses of
all persons who have to do with the actual improvement of instruc-
tion through direct contact with principal or teacher, including such
activities as (1) preparation and development of courses of study
and bulletins on method; (2) examination of textbooks; (3) demon-
stration teaching; (4) institutes and teachers' meetings for the im-
provement of instruction; (5) personal conferences for the inter-
pretation of methods and curricula; (6) classroom visitation and
inspection; (7) setting up standards of achievement.
This activity shall include supervisors in charge of special depart-
ments or subjects as defined above who devote one-half or more of
their time to supervision.
In case a supervisor renders service as supervisor in more than one
kind of school, prorate his salary, clerk hire, and other expenses
among these types of schools according to the portion of his time
given to each type.
Include traveling and other expenses allowed in attending con-
ventions, institutes, etc., street-car fares, report blanks, stationery,
etc., used by supervisors, expenses in connection with holding teach-
ers' institutes, teachers' traveling and other expenses allowed in
attending conventions, institutes, etc. All expenditures connected
with item 2 (a) should be reported here.
(b) Principals: Include salaries and expenses of the principal and
assistant principal and other administrative officers within the build-
ing only in case they devote half or more than half of their time
to administration and supervision. All expenditures connected with
item 2 (6) should be reported here.
(c) Teachers' salaries: This is the amount paid teachers without
deducting amounts that are paid into the pension fund for the teach-
ers' part of the fund. Do not include amounts allowed teachers for
institute expenses, as these should be included under supervision
(item 2 a). Include salaries of all persons who teach more than
half time, whatever their official title. All expenditures connected
with item 2(c) should be included here.
(d) Free textbooks: Include only payments for textbooks fur-
nished free to pupils. Payments for textbooks sold to the pupils
during the school year should not be entered in this report, as the
money so spent is still available for use.
(e) Educational supplies, school libraries, and other expenses of
instruction: Supplies are those things which, when once used, are
10
ITEMS OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
actually or constructively consumed, including writing paper, draw-
ing paper, blank books, chalk, ink, pencils, pens, adhesives, fasteners,
carbon paper, rubber stamps, typewriter supplies, magazines for
classroom use, newspapers, test tubes, litmus paper, filter paper,
polishing and abrading supplies, drugs, chemicals, cleansers, lab-
oratory supplies, food supplies. Freight and cartage on supplies
should be included. Care should be taken to exclude from educa-
tional supplies any article made of durable material which is sup-
posed to last year after year with reasonable use. No permanent
laboratory apparatus or equipment should be included.
Include the cost of supplementary books and also magazines,
library books, etc., supplied to the school library when paid for out
of school district funds. The cost of school library books for a new
library should be reported under "Capital Outlay." The expenses
of maintaining and operating public libraries to which all pupils
or even the public may have access should be reported under "Auxil-
iary Agencies."
Include expenses in connection with commencement exercises or
school entertainments, such as music, decorations, programs, diplo-
mas, etc. Street-car fare of teachers, where allowed, should be
included under this head. Expenses incident to teachers' institutes
should be included under supervision.
3. Operation of school plant.-(a) Wages of janitors and other
employees: Include salaries or pay of janitors, janitors' helpers,
engineers, firemen, switchboard operators, matrons, watchmen, etc.
(b) Fuel, water, light, power, janitors' supplies, and other expenses:
Include all expenditures for coal, wood, and other fuel, including
freight, cartage, and other expenses incurred in securing same;
charges for water used in buildings and on grounds; gas and electric
current.
Janitors' supplies include articles which are consumed in using or
are not expected to last from year to year, such as brooms, mops,
soap, dusters, floor oil, and other cleaning supplies; electric bulbs,
paper cups, and toilet supplies; and other miscellaneous articles
necessary for the operation of the school plant.
4. Maintenance of school plant.-Under this head should be in-
cluded all expenditures made for the restoration of any piece of
property (grounds, buildings, or equipment) to its original condi-
tion of completeness or efficiency. This includes the repair of build-
ings and upkeep of grounds and repairs and replacement of old or
worn-out equipment. Include cost of labor and materials incident
to the repair of buildings, including painting and glazing, and to
repair of plumbing, lighting, heating, and ventilating equipment.
Do not include expenditures for improvement of grounds in the
nature of permanent equipment, alteration of old buildings, such as
ITEMS OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
11
tearing out walls, enlarging rooms, building of additions, putting in
partitions, nor for additions to equipment, all of which should be
included under "Capital Outlay."
5. Auxiliary agencies and coordinate activities.—(a) Public libra-
ries under board of education: Report here salaries, cost of books,
magazines, pamphlets, and operating expenses for maintaining free
public libraries in case such libraries are maintained by the board of
education. Do not include public libraries under the control of other
public boards nor the libraries devoted exclusively to the service of
any individual school.
(b) Promotion of health: In this section report salaries and
expenses of all field workers in medical inspection, dental inspection,
and nurse service. If necessary, prorate such expenditures among
types of schools on the basis of enrollment. The salaries and ex-
penses of the directors of these various activities who supervise the
field workers should be reported under "General Control.”
(c) Transportation of pupils: Include all expenditures out of
school funds for the transportation of pupils to and from school,
including the purchase cr hire, operation, and maintenance of
vehicles, street-car fares, etc.
(d) Enforcement of compulsory attendance: In this section report
salaries and expenses of all field workers in compulsory attendance.
If necessary, prorate such expenditures among types of schools on
the basis of enrollment. The salaries and expenses of the directors
of this activity who supervise the field workers should be reported
under general control.
وو
(e) Other auxiliary agencies: Include under this head all pay-
ments made by the public-school systems for the subsistence, care,
and instruction of children in asylums and other special institutions
and for the care and instruction of pupils in private schools; all
payments made by the public-school systems in connection with pro-
viding free lunches to the undernourished and also any deficits in-
curred in maintaining the usual school lunch rooms. Profits from
such sources are to be reported under "all other revenue receipts.
Include payments for recreation activities, including salaries and
wages of supervisors, teachers, and attendants having to do with
playgrounds and recreation centers, school athletics, track and field
meets, contests, field days, matched games, and all other exercises.
of a recreative nature not included as a part of the regular curricu-
lum. Salaries and expenses of physical-training teachers giving in-
struction required of pupils should be reported under "Instruction."
6. Fixed charges.-Include appropriations from school or general
funds paid into the pension fund or pensions paid to retired em-
ployees from current funds. Do not include deductions for the
12
ITEMS OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
pension fund from the teachers' salaries. These should be included
in the teachers' salaries (item 10 c). Include rent paid for school
buildings and equipment, insurance premiums, contributions to edu-
cational or charitable associations, contingencies, and taxes.
7. Capital outlays.-(a) New grounds and buildings, alteration of
old buildings: Include under this head payments for land, together
with all cost of acquiring title, original grading, and improvements
to the grounds; payments for new buildings, including architects'
fees, advertising for contracts, payments on contracts for construc-
tion, installation of plumbing, lighting, heating, and ventilation
equipment, etc., cost of tearing out walls, enlarging rooms, building
of additions, putting in partitions, being careful not to include mere
repairs.
(b) New equipment: Include purchase of all new equipment, ex-
cept such as is provided to replace worn-out or destroyed similar
equipment such as tables, desks, cupboards, filing cabinets, racks,
stands, typewriting machines, adding machines, duplicating ma-
chines, and other labor-saving devices; electric fans; physical, chemi-
cal, biological, and other scientific laboratory and demonstration
apparatus; machinery, tools, and other equipment for vocational
instruction, domestic science, manual training, etc.
8. Debt service.-Enter under this head all payments for interest.
on short-term loans, bonds, or warrants; all payments for retiring
loans, bonds, and back warrants (except where money is borrowed
and paid back during the same year). Include payments of refunds
of taxes and tuitions from patrons. Payments from current funds,
from sinking funds, and from the issue of new bonds to redeem old
bonds should be kept separate.
C. RECEIPTS
1. Income from permanent funds.-This item includes all income
from permanent invested funds given in item for "Principal of
Permanent School Funds," exclusive of invested moneys designed to
meet future bond obligations. The interest accruing from invested
sinking funds should be reported under "other revenue receipts." It
is important that income from invested permanent county funds be
reported under "county." Guaranteed "interest" on "permanent
funds" which no longer exist should be reported as income from
taxation, which is its true source.
2. Income from leases of school lands.—Include only the income
from school lands which have been set apart for the partial support
of the school system. Do not include temporary rents from lots re-
served for city schools, as such income should be reported under
"other revenue receipts."
ITEMS OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
13
3. General, specific, and emergency appropriations.-This item
includes appropriations distributed annually by the State or county
on some per capita basis for school purposes; moneys appropriated
by State or county for some specific purpose, such as vocational
education, high-school aid, teacher-training, education of the handi-
capped, etc.; and any moneys appropriated from any political unit
to meet emergencies, such as appropriations from the State to supple-
ment teachers' salaries, or from the general city treasury to increase
the money available for municipal school purposes. Include all
appropriations from State or county general funds for the State or
county school administration.
4. From taxation (property, business, poll taxes, etc.) for all
school purposes, including debt obligations.-All moneys raised by
State school and county school taxation which are transferred to the
local school funds should be included here. Include all moneys
raised by local (i. e., township, district, or city) taxation on personal
property or real estate, on public and private utilities, from business
taxes, and from poll taxes, for school maintenance purposes only.
Include here all moneys raised for meeting debt obligations, such
as the accumulation of a sinking fund, payment of interest on bonded
indebtedness, and interest on short-term loans. Specific school taxes
should be carefully distinguished from appropriations which may
be allotted for school purposes but which have not been specifically
collected as school taxes.
5. Federal reimbursement for vocational education in public high
schools. After this item report the amount of reimbursement re-
ceived from the Federal Government for supervision and instruction.
under the Smith-Hughes Act. Federal aid for vocational teacher
training or for civilian vocational rehabilitation should not be
included.
i
6. Subsidies from educational foundations.—After this item enter
all money received from the General Education Board, Rosenwald
Fund, Jeanes Fund, Slater Fund, or other educational foundations.
7. All other revenue receipts.-Include all fines and penalties, all
gifts (except from educational foundations), bequests, and contribu-
tions to the schools, all receipts from the rent of school buildings and
lots reserved for school buildings (not school lands in the sense of a
permanent investment), all interest on bank deposits and invested
sinking funds, and all tuition fees paid by school patrons (not tuition
money transferred from one district or city to another, which should
be reported under the item for "transfers from one district to
another").
This item should include any excess in the selling price of textbooks
and supplies to pupils or other persons over the cost. It should in-
clude also the profit accruing from lunch rooms carried on with school
14
ITEMS OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
funds. Net admission receipts from public entertainments should
also be included.
8. Receipts from loans and bond sales.—Include all receipts from
bond sales negotiated during the fiscal year but do not report new
bonds which were issued to redeem old bonds. Include also all short-
term loans which were not paid during the fiscal year. It may some-
times be necessary to borrow money to maintain the schools until
taxes are collected. These short-term loans, the payment of which
does not carry over into the next fiscal year, should not be reported.
9. Receipts from sales of property and proceeds of insurance ad-
justments.—Include all moneys received from the sale of school
buildings and grounds, sale of library books, furniture, scientific
apparatus, automobiles, trucks, machinery, fuel, or other property
belonging to the school system. Include also the proceeds of insur-
ance adjustments. Receipts from the sale of textbooks purchased
during the school year are duplicates and should not be included.
10. Cash balance on hand.-Include balances from both revenue
and nonrevenue receipts.
11. Transfers of funds from other school district for tuition.-This
item includes all school moneys transferred from one local school
unit to another. It will generally include only tuition money (not
tuition from patrons), but may include also money received from
another school unit for various purposes. It is very important that
transfer money be separated from other receipts.
D. MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS
66
1. School census ages.—In recording age for statistical purposes "8
years old" shall mean "having passed the eighth birthday but not
yet having reached the ninth," and " 8½ years old " shall mean “hav-
ing passed 8½ years but not yet having reached the ninth birthday."
2. Permanent school funds.-Include the principal of all permanent
common-school funds which are invested, the interest only being
available for use for school purposes. (Do not include university
and agricultural college funds.) In case the principal of a fund
granted for common-school purposes has been expended or lost and
the State or other civil division has obligated itself to pay interest
thereon perpetually by public appropriations or otherwise, such prin-
cipal should not be included, as it does not exist as a permanent
fund and the source of the guaranteed income is taxes, not interest.
3. Unsold school lands.-Include all unsold lands granted for com-
mon-school purposes, whether or not such unsold lands are, at the
present time, productive of school revenue.
ADDITIONAL COPIES
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM
THE
SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
U.S.GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AT
5 CENTS PER COPY
▼
L
11
A66
Avo.11
Statistical Circular No. 11.
APR 29 1929
JANUARY, 1929.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF EDUCATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
PER CAPITA COSTS IN TEACHER-TRAINING
INSTITUTIONS, 1927-28
By FRANK M. PHILLIPS
Chief, Division of Statistics
Statistical Circular No. 9, issued in July 1927, on per capita costs
in teachers colleges and State normal schools, was so kindly received,
and so much interest and appreciation were expressed, that it seems
advisable to issue a similar circular containing later data.
Enrollments are taken as of the end of the second week of each
term, quarter, semester, or summer term of the year 1927-28 as the
typical enrollment for that term or semester. All periods are reduced
to a 36-week basis in order to secure uniformity in the basic figure
for computing per capita costs. For example, 100 students enrolled
for a 19-week semester are taken as 52.8 students for a 36-week year.
Pupils in practice and in observation schools and students in extension
and correspondence courses are omitted in computing the average
annual enrollment.
Three per capita figures are computed-one upon the basis of
all current expenditures; one in which cost of dormitories, cost of
model schools, and cost of extension work are deducted where it is
possible to do so; and one upon the appropriations made by the State
for current expenses.
It is not the purpose of this circular to make any careful analysis
of costs in different institutions, nor to make any comparisons except
upon the basis of the size of the average annual enrollment.
Among State normal schools, 5 schools having an average annual
enrollment of fewer than 200 students have an average per capita
cost of $324.43 for the year for all current expenditures; 20 schools
with an enrollment between 200 and 399 have an average per capita
cost of $373.03; 13 schools between 400 and 599 have $265.38; 7
schools between 600 and 799 have $304.21; 5 schools between 800 and
999 have $205.47; and 5 schools with an enrollment of 1,000 or more
have an average per capita cost of $246.74.
Among State teachers' colleges, 16 schools with an average annual
enrollment of fewer than 400 have an average per capita cost of $439.67;
34501-29
2
}
40 schools having an enrollment between 400 and 799 have an average
per capita cost of $355.37; 32 schools between 800 and 1,199 have
$297.74; 12 schools between 1,200 and 1,599 have $233.51; 10 schools
between 1,600 and 1,999 have $194.80; and 7 schools with an enroll-
ment of 2,000 or more have an average annual per capita cost of
$263.46 for all current expenditures.
TABLE 1.—Annual per capita costs of student enrollment in teachers colleges upon a
basis of 36 weeks' enrollment, 1927–28
[In column 2, M means model school; D, dormitory or cafeteria; E, extension]


Location
Per capita cost for-
Expend-
itures
not de-
ducted
from
column
Aver-
age
enroll-
ment
for the
Current
expenses,
less
expendi-
tures for
model
Current Appro-
expenses, pria -
Current
expenses
schools,
Appro-
priations
from
less
expendi-
tures for
tions
from
State
model
for
dormi-
State for
Current
tories, and
current
schools, current
year
5 for-
extension expenses
courses,
except as
noted in
column 2
expenses
dormi-
ex-
tories, and penses
extension per
courses
(see
columns
2 and 5)
student
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
со
8
9
Arizona: Tempe.
635.4
$256, 172
$155, 230
Arkansas: Conway
M, D
909.6
259, 833
232, 833
$181, 050
120,000
$403.17
285.66
$244.30
255.97
$284. 94
California:
131.93
Arcata
M. D
293.0
89, 422
89, 422
96, 545
305. 19
305.19
Chico..
329.51
M, D, E
619.2
181, 662
181, €62
181, 662
293.38
293.38 293.38
Fresno..
M, É
1, 509.0
247, 017
247, 017
261,025
163.70
163.70
172.98
San Diego.---
M
999.8
206, 617
206, 617
206, 617
206.66
206.66 206.66
San Francisco.
M,
M. E
972.2
201, 758
201, 758
214, 551
207.53
207.53 220.69
San Jose.
M
1, 865.0
319,973
319, 973
319, 973
171.57
171.57 171.57
Santa Barbara.
M, E
503.5
128, 879
128, 879
157,000
255.97
255.97 311.82
Colorado:
Alamosa
E
89.0
51, 183
51,033
36, 750
575.09
575.09
412.92
Greeley.
M, D, E
2,495.3
495, 424
495, 424
375, 752
198. 54
198. 54
150.58
Gunnison.
M, D, E
547.3
130, 581
130, 581
113, 500
238.59
238.59
207.38
Georgia:
Athens
M, D, E
584.7
133.876
133,876
117,000
228.97
228.97
200.10
Valdosta
338.5
144, 169
83, 388
85, 168
425.91
246.35 251.60
Olinois:
Carbondale.
De Kalb.
M, D, E
M
1, 743.6
301, 222
301, 222
257, 222
172.76
172.76
147.52
645.0
323,872
261, 954
327, 777
502. 13
406. 13
508.18
Evanston 1
291.0
291, 620
157,094
1,002. 13
539.84
Macomb
M, D, E
1, 168. 0
282, 351
282,351
232,700
241.74
241.74
199.23
Normal
1, 954. 8
496, 606
402, 867
351, 651
254.04
206.09
179.89
Indiana:
Danville 1
E
586.3
56,209
54, 896
95.87
- 93.63
Indianapolis ¹
655.8
151, 548
117, 046
231.09
178.48
Muncie..
1, 336. 3
362, 318
330, 287
290,000
271. 14
247. 17
217.02
Terre Haute.
Iowa: Cedar Falls..
2, 174.3
570, 777
450, 381
356, 035
262.51
207.14
163.75
3, 456.3 1,002, 180
880, 370
608, 500
289.96
254.71
176.05
Kansas:
Emporia
M, D, E
1,740.9
511, 056
511,056
349,406
293.56
293.56
200.70
Hays.
D, E
796.8
284, 016
284, 016
169, 000
356.45
356.45
212. 10
Pittsburg
M, D, E
2, 339.5
545, 765
545, 765
313, 124
233.28
233.28
133.84
Kentucky:
Bowling Green..
D
1,766. 7
422, 012
412, 010
394, 916
238.87
233. 21
223.53
Morehead...
722.0
203, 533
136, 925
187,000
281.90
189.65
259.00
Murray..
D
1, 004. 7
293, 129
152, 525
236, 918
291.76
151.81
235.81
Richmond
1, 154. 1
298, 271
228, 346
279, 125
258. 44
197.86
241.86
Louisiana: Natchitoches.
Maine: Farmington
Massachusetts:
Bridgewater.
E
1, 230. 3
545, 654
426, 486
263, 147
443.51
346.65
213.89
M, D
508. 2
91, 725
91, 725
42, 280
180.49
180.49
83.20
585.6
230, 225
137, 426
230, 225
393. 15
234.68
393. 15
Framingham.
563. 7
371, 800
266, 284
248, 236
659.57
472.39
440.37
Salem..
500. 5
126, 134
94, 552
129, 833
252.02
188.92
259.41
Worcester.__
M, D
292.9
105, 400
105, 400
85, 400
359.85
359.85
291.56
1 Private control.
3
A!
TABLE 1.-Annual per capita costs of student enrollment in teachers colleges upon a
basis of 36 weeks' enrollment, 1927-28-Continued

Per capita cost for-
Location
Expend-
itures
not de-
ducted
Aver-
from
column
age
enroll-
ment
for the
Current
expenses
tories, and
year
5 for-
Current
expenses,
Jess
expendi-
tures for
model
schools,
dormi-
extension expenses
courses,
except as
noted in
column 2
Current Appro-
expenses,
pria-
less
tions
Appro-
priations
from
State for
expendi-
from
tures for
State
model
for
Current
current
schools, current
expenses
dormi-
ex-
tories, and penses
extension per
courses student
(see
columns
2 and 5)
1
2
3
Co
4
5
6
7
8
9
Michigan:
Detroit..
Kalamazoo.
E
M, E
1, 253. 5
$257, 960
$257,960
$257, 960 | $257, 960
$205.79
2, 564. 5
798, 940
798, 940
798,940
311. 54
$205.79
311.54
$205.79
311.54
Marquette.__.
M. E
802.0
281, 667
291, 667
282, 667
351. 21
351. 21
352.45
Mount Pleasant.-.-
M, D, E
1,087.5
636.800
636, 800
310,000
585.56
585. 56
285.06
Ypsilanti..
M, E
2, 559. 3
939, 088
939, 088
837, 728
366.93
366.93
327.33
Minnesota:
Bemidji.
D
254.7
96, 103
75, 491
89, 400
377.32
296.39
351.00
Duluth
M, D
468.7
110, 360
110, 360
103, 165
235.46
235.46
220.11
Moorhead...
459.3
207, 231
134, 481
131, 811
451. 19
292.80
286.98
St. Cloud.
D
930. 7
225, 022
167, 790
192, 650
241.78
180.28
206.99
Winona.
D, E
550.7
153,991
126, 491
141,000
279.63
229.69
256.04
Missouri:
Mississippi: Hattiesburg-
Cape Girardeau..
Jefferson City.
Kirksville..
St. Louis.
D
720.5
171, 523
162, 203
114, 875
238.06
225. 13
159.44
M, D, E
784.7
251, 433
246, 433
196, 405
320.42
314.05
250. 29
E
369.9
179, 285
153, 292
132, 413
484.69
414. 41
357.97
1, 122. 3
190,508
190, 508
271, 192
169.75
169.75
241.64
377.3
147,035
140, 255
149, 739
389.70
371.73
396.87
Springfield.
1, 335. 0
292, 240
192, 240
200, 182
218.91
144. 00
149.95
Warrensburg.
M, E
1, 492. 3
236, 239
236, 239
189.983
158.30
158.30
127.31
Nebraska:
•
Chadron.
M, D, E
492.3
224, 224
224, 224
160,000
455.46
455.46
325.01
Kearney
909. 2
443,006
404, 936
199,000
487.23
445. 38
218. 87
Peru.
M
695.3
211, 452
188, 170
165,000
304.12
270.63
237.31
Wayne....
E
1, 247.3
255,000
183,000
185,000
204.44
146.72
148.31
New Hampshire: Keene.
New Jersey: Trenton--- M, D, E
626. 0
248, 976
234, 036
90,000
397.72
373.86 143.77
808.9
253, 004
253, 004
250, 749
312. 78
312.78
309.99
New Mexico:
East Las Vegas-
316.8
132,571
101, 145
88,983
418. 47
319.27
Silver City.
280.88
D, E
195.8
146, 006
105, 006
96, 750
745.69
536.29
494. 13
New York:
Albany.
M, E
1, 188. 5
266, 772
266, 772
268, 672
224.46
224. 46
226. 06
Buffalo.
M, E
1, 419. 5
234, 763
234, 763
North Carolina: Green-
ville..
North Dakota:
169, 861
165.38
165.38
119.66
948. 0
300, 052
190, 583
165,000
316. 51
201.04
174. 05
Ellendale.
365.3
76, 722
75, 209
40, 054
210. 02
205.88
Mayville.
Minot....
Valley City.
Ohio:
Cleveland..
Kent..
Oklahoma:
Ada..
109.65
380. 2
168,278
130, 343
89, 425
442.60
342.83
235.21
D
786.3
207, 716
192, 716
264. 17
245.09
1, 484. 0
340, 048
267, 666
144, 430
229.14
180.37
97.32
EM
277. 1
206, 644
206, 644
163, 844
745. 74
745. 74
591.28
Μ
1,001. 9
392, 457
307, 934
308, 125
391. 71
307.35
307.54
Alva..
M
M, E
1, 810.3
232,000
173, 150
188,000
128. 16
95.65
103.85
963. 7
116, 039
116, 039
100, 250
120.41
120.41
104.03
Durant
M, E
1, 552. 9
189, 150
189, 150
182, 000
121.80
121.80
117.20
Edmond.
M, E
1,793.6
218, 734
218, 734
192,000
121.95
121.95
Langston-
107.05
M
583.2
167, 678
131, 881
107, 500
287.51
226. 13
Tahlequah.
184. 33
M
874.9
118, 010
118,010
144,000
134.88
134. 88
Weatherford.
164, 59
829.5
165, 018
155, 596
146, 500
198. 94
187.58
Pennsylvania:
176. 61
Bloomsburg-
E
763.5
351, 179
190, 429
181, 197
459.96
East Stroudsburg
249.40
237.32
M, D, E
895.3
434, 388
434, 388
182, 367
485. 19
485. 19
Edinboro__
203.69
D
627.3
291, 549
291, 549
157, 933
464.77
464. 77
Indiana
251.77
1, 469. 5
675, 345
373, 197
257, 104
459, 57
253.96
Kutztown.
174.96
531.5
286, 786
168, 816
122, 958
539.58
317.62
Lock Haven-
231.36
E
498.3
248, 238
158, 349
119, 446
498. 17
317.78
Mansfield..
239.71
906. 3
381, 418
229, 273
172,519
420.85
Millersville.
252.98
190.35
M, D
553.8
283,669
283,669
124, 950
512. 22
512.22
Shippensburg.
225.62
E
679.8
315, 867
204, 395
156, 230
464, 65
Slippery Rock..
300.67
229.82
834.0 414, 398
272, 869
226, 448
496. SS
327. 18
271.52
4
TABLE 1.—Annual per capita costs of student enrollment in teachers colleges upon a
basis of 36 weeks' enrollment, 1927-28-Continued


Per capita cost for-
Current

expenses,
less
Current Appro-
Location
Expend-
itures
not de-
ducted
Aver-
from
column
5 for-
age
enroll-
ment
for the
expendi-
tures for
model
expenses,
pria-
less
tions
Current
expenses
schools,
dormi-
Appro-
priations
from
State for
expendi-
from
tures for
State
model
for
Current
tories, and
current
schools, current
year
extension expenses
courses,
except as
noted in
column 2
expenses
dormi-
ex-
tories, and penses
extension
per
courses student
(see
columns
2 and 5)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Rhode Island: Provi-
dence..
M, E
South Carolina: Orange-
627.8 $160, 641
$160, 641
$160, 641
$255.88
$255.88
$255.88
burg..
M, D, E
679.8
153, 103
153, 103
112, 836
225. 22
South Dakota:
225. 22
165.98
Aberdeen.
903. 0
259, 755
228, 963
171, 780
287.66
Madison
253.56
190. 23
E
391. 1
140, 642
84, 642
Spearfish
101, 200
359.61
216. 42
258.76
M, D
333.8
140, 303
140, 303
96, 000
420.32
420.32
Springfield.
287.60
267.5
96, 532
87,932
62, 400
Tennessee:
360.87
328.72
233. 27
Johnson City.
D, E
688.5
140, 504
135, 924
125,000
204. 07
Memphis
197. 42
181.55
M, D
899.0
237, 136
237, 136
Murfreesboro
125,000
263.78
263. 78
139.04
M, D
997.7
239, 088
239, 088
125,000
239.64
Nashville
239.64
125, 29
879.5
174, 951
98,621
105,000
198.92
112. 13
Nashville 1
119. 39
M, D, E 1, 615. 3
516, 000
516, 000
319. 45
319.45
Texas:
Commerce.
M
1, 739.6
342, 300
335,487
247, 544
196. 77
192.85
Denton
142.30
E
2, 231. 4
404, 850
380, 350
387, 473
181.43
170.45
Huntsville.
173. 65
M, E
1, 235. 8
198, 300
198, 300
252, 320
160. 46
Nacogdoches.
160.46
204.18
1, 076. 5
236, 509
213, 829
149, 835
219.70
198.63
San Marcos__
139. 19
E
1, 741. 1
288, 250
285, 152
280, 519
165. 56
163.78
Virginia:
161. 11
Ettricks..
Farmville.
M, D, E
M
917.5
158, 963
158, 963
107, 270
173.26
173.26
116. 92
1, 116. 7
354, 953
354, 953
97, 814
317.86
317.86
Fredericksburg.
Hampton 1
Harrisonburg
87.59
501. 3
200, 626
117, 317
60, 712
400. 21
234.03
121. 11
M, D, E
1, 115. 3
624, 985
624, 985
560.37
560.37
M, D
922. 1
302, 736
302, 736
West Virginia:
76,300
328. 31
328.31
82.75
Athens..
D, E
519.0
141, 002
141, 002
85,000
271.68
271.68
163.78
Fairmont.
D, E
774. 1
>
121, 500
112, 500
117, 000
156.96
145. 33
151. 14
Huntington.
Wisconsin:
1, 711. 9
350, 503
285, 014
240, 000
204.75
166. 49
140, 20
Eau Claire.
Menomonie.
Milwaukee.
ZZA
M
405.7
147, 909
147,909
147, 909
364.58
364.58
364.58
M
451. 3
294, 836
230, 253
230, 178
653.30
510.20
510.03
E
1, 197.5
314, 101
284, 101
316, 507
262.30
237. 24
264. 31
Oshkosh
M, D, E
695.8
259, 692
259, 692
224, 360
373. 23
373. 23
322.45
Platteville.
377.0
155, 973
117, 973
148, 811
413. 72
312.93
394. 72
River Falls.
M
491.8
162, 500
162, 500
153,000
330.42
330. 42
311. 10
Stevens Point.
452.0
176, 308
150, 027
172,816
390. 06
331.92
382.34
Superior__
M, D, E
828.5
203, 830
203, 830
193, 890
246. 02
246. 02
234. 03
Whitewater..
E
456.3
168, 911
168, 911
179, 237
370. 17
370. 17
392.81
Private control.
5
TABLE 2.-Annual per capita costs of student enrollment in State normal schools
upon a basis of 36 weeks' enrollment, 1927-28
[In column 2, M means model school; D, dormitory or cafeteria; E, extension]


Per capita cost for-
Location
Expend-
itures
not de-
ducted
from
column
Aver-
age
enroll-
ment
for the
Current
expenses,
less
expendi-
tures for
model

f
Current Appro-
expenses, pria-
less
tions
Appro-
expendi-
from
Current
expenses
5 for-
year
schools,
dormi-
tories, and
extension
priations
from
State for
tures for
State
model
for
Current
current
expenses
schools, current
expenses
dormi-
ex-
tories, and penses
courses,
except as
noted in
column 2
extension per
courses student
(see
columns
2 and 5)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Alabama:
Daphne-
73.3
$29, 236
$29, 116
$17,815
$398.86
$397. 22
$243. 04
Florence
858.3
200, 401
118, 117
85,000
233.49
137.62
99.03
Jacksonville.
M
672.7
179,992
174, 572
75,000
267.57
259. 51
111.49
Montgomery.
1, 345. 8
163, 263
101, 173
51,975
121.31
75.18
38.62
Normal.
200.5
56, 503
47, 282
22, 500
281.81
235.82
112. 22
Troy..
535.0
145, 148
68, 707
100,000
271.31
128. 42
186.92
Connecticut:
Danbury
M, D
211. 1
102, 247
102, 247
102, 247
484. 35
484. 35
484. 35
New Britain.
339.9
151, 602
151, 602
151, 602
446. 02
446. 02
446.02
New Haven.
367.2
138, 547
138, 547
138, 547
377.31
377.31
377.31
Willimantic..
D
202. 1
107, 675
107, 675
107, 675
532.78
Georgia:
532.78
532.78
Albany.
M, E
461. 3
41, 484
34, 781
25, 071
89.93
75.40
54.35
Statesboro-
321.8
38, 800
29,800
50,000
120. 57
92.60
155.38
Hawaii: Honolulu.
464. 4
170, 312
161, 868
148, 302
366.74
348.55
319.34
Idaho:
Albion.
426. 3
150, 935
87,635
218, 544
354.06
205.57
512. 65
Lewiston
M
505.0
201, 606
190, 762
122,500
399. 22
377.75
242.57
Kentucky: Frankfort.
D, E
351.9
48, 692
48, 692
40,000
138.37
138.37
113. 67
Louisiana: Scotlandville.
219. 6
86, 366
54, 366
65, 000
393.29
247.57
295.99
Maine:
Castine.
M, D
204. 1
58,443
58, 443
25, 741
286.35
286.35
126. 12
Fort Kent.
M
127.3
40, 155
40, 155
Gorham
29, 988
315.44
315.44
235.57
M, D
498.5
105, 828
105, 828
56, 383
212. 29
212. 29
113. 11
Machias.
M, D
178.8
56, 538
56, 538
32, 419
316. 21
316. 21
Presque Isle.
181. 32
M, D
161.2
58, 136
Maryland: Frostburg..
,
58, 136
36, 702
360. 65
360.65
227.68
215.8
73, 200
62, 600
Massachusetts:
53, 000
339. 20
290. 08
268.77
Fitchburg..
398.3
210, 515
116, 466
157, 189
528.53
Lowell
292.41
394.65
266.3
72, 161
76, 161
71, 207
North Adams.
270.98
285.99
267.39
218.9
115, 119
76, 266
115, 619
525.90
Westfield.
348.40
528.18
225. 1
101, 305
57,753
Minnesota: Mankato.
101, 305
450. 04
256.57
450. 04
E
530.3
192, 658
159, 230
Montana:
143, 350
363.30
300. 26
270.32
Dillon...
outh
Billings.
New Hampshire: Plym-
New Jersey:
Montclair.
Newark..
Paterson
New York:
156.0
36, 036
35, 936
50,000
231.00
230.36
320.51
533.0
233, 090
131, 090
119,000
437.32
245.95
223.26
327.5
133, 284
54, 852
80,000
406.97
167.49
244. 27
M
791. 1
199, 077
161, 708
202, 775
251.65
204. 41
256.32
1, 140.0
207,000
207,000
213, 255
181.58
181. 58
187.07
463.9
72,500
72, 500
72,500
156. 28
156. 28
156.28
Brockport.
509.8
104, 500
78,000
104, 717
204.98
Cortland..
153.00
205.41
950. 2
168, 087
158, 087
169, 450
Fredonia..
176.90
166.37 178.33
M, E
688.2
134, 544
134, 544
Geneseo..
133, 414
195.50
195.50 193.86
E
658. 1
197, 563
143, 303
206, 530
300.20
New Paltz.
M, E
217.75
313.83
854, 4
139,900
139,900
139, 900
163.74
Oneonta
163. 74
163. 74
817.6
169, 613
102, 613
169, 613
Oswego.
207.45
125. 51
M
207.45
681.7
158, 177
158, 177
Plattsburg.
Potsdam.
158, 177
232.03
232.03
232.03
M
454. 7
112, 830
112, 830
112,830
248. 14
248. 14
248. 14
M
856.9
211, 472
North Carolina:
211, 472
217, 580
246.79
246. 79
253.92
Cullowhee -
306.0
124, 173
87,538
Elizabeth City.
50,000
197.93
286.07
E
166.60
398.7
82, 187
53, 034
Fayetteville...
38, 980
343. 22
M, E
206.02
95.31
372.7
76, 044
50, 771
36, 500
204.04
136.75 91.40
6
TABLE 2.-Annual per capita costs of student enrollment in State normal schools
upon a basis of 36 weeks' enrollment, 1927-28—Continued
Per capita cost for-
Current
expenses,
Location
Expend-
itures
not de-
ducted
from
column
5 for-
Aver-
age
enroll-
ment
for the
less
expendi-
tures for
model
Current Appro-
expenses, pria-
less
tions
Current
expenses
schools,
dormi-
Appro-
priations
from
State for
expendi-
from
tures for
State
model
for
Current
tories, and
current
schools, curren
year
courses,
extension expenses
except as
noted in
column 2
expenses
dormi-
ex-

tories, and penses

extension
per
courses studen
(see
columns
2 and 5)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
со
8
9
North Dakota: Dickin-
son..
Oregon:
424.7
$87,919
$76, 434
$139, 300
$207.01
$179.97 $328.00
Ashland..
Monmouth
431.3
1,079.7
60, 971
53, 471
61, 582
238, 291
Pennsylvania:
141, 965
170, 140
141. 37
220.70
123.98
142. 78
131.49
157.58
California.
M, D, E
681.5
265, 528
265, 528
Clarion.
21, 751
389.61
389.61
31.92
M
272.5
175, 918
Washington:
132, 620
84, 268
645.57
486. 68
309. 24
Bellingham
1, 135. 5
423, 263
312, 842
313, 550
372.75
275. 51
276. 13
Cheney.
1,019. 8
344, 045
251, 143
218, 455
337.37
246. 27
214. 21
Ellensburg-
M
636.4
313, 671
West Virginia: Shep-
214, 247
395, 421
492.88
336.65
621.34
herdstown.
D, E
287.5
93, 890
93, 890
12,500
326. 57
326.57
43.48
ADDITIONAL COPIES
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Mo.13
Statistical Circular No. 12
* 1 @ 1929
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF EDUCATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
"
January, 1929
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1927-28
By FRANK M. PHILLIPS,
Chief, Division of Statistics
!
In presenting per capita costs in city school systems for alternate
years an effort is made to select cities that will best represent the
country geographically, as well as those that fill other requirements
for a sample. When practicable, the same cities are included from
time to time in order to make the averages as nearly comparable as
possible. Cities are grouped according to size as determined by the
Federal census of 1920.
Previous to 1924 interest upon indebtedness was included with fixed
charges. In many city systems, however, bonds, and therefore
interest charges, are taken care of by city authorities, and school
officials do not have so much as a record of these transactions. It
seems better, therefore, to omit interest charges from all computa-
tions and compute per capita costs upon all current expenditures
exclusive of interest payments. Expenditures for capital outlays
are not included. The number of pupils in average daily attendance.
is the basic figure in making the computations. This report contains
data for 250 city school systems for the year 1927-28.
In 1924 the per capita cost for all current expenditures as described
above for cities with a population of 100,000 or more was $95.64; in
1926, $104.82; and in 1928, $113.69. For cities with a population
between 30,000 and 100,000 the corresponding figures are: $78.12,
$92.85, and $96.78. For cities with a population between 10,000
and 30,000 they are: $73.90, $85.38, and $93.12; and for those
between 2,500 and 10,000: $74.91, $74.80, and $81.32. With one
exception these costs are higher for larger cities than for smaller ones
and higher for later years than for earlier years. Fluctuations in
sampling may influence these differences slightly. In cities with a
population above 10,000 the increase in cost was greater between 1924
and 1926 than it was between 1926 and 1928. Taking all cities.
together, the increase in cost was about 11 per cent between 1924
and 1926, and less than 8 per cent between 1926 and 1928.
45869--29
2
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1927-28
Total per capita costs vary considerably among the larger cities.
The highest in cities with a population of 100,000 and more is in
Yonkers, with a cost of $157.37 per pupil, and the lowest is in Bir-
mingham, $59.02, a ratio of nearly 3 to 1. General control, or over-
head costs, vary from less than $1 per pupil, or 1.2 per cent of the
total, in New Orleans, to nearly $7, or 5.1 per cent of the total, in
Los Angeles. Pittsburgh pays $5.28 per pupil for administration;
Chicago, $4.74; Cambridge, $4.73; Springfield, $4.60; and Boston,
$4.17. The cities spending less than $2 for administration are;
Dayton, Camden, Birmingham, Norfolk, and New Orleans.
These 35 large cities spend an average of $86.38, or 76 per cent of
the total current expense, for instruction. The highest instruction
cost for this group is $127.18, or 80.8 per cent of the total, for Yonkers;
and the lowest is $49.15, or 83.3 per cent of the total, for Birmingham.
Space does not permit an analysis of all figures given in the tables
which follow, but Yonkers has higher instruction costs than Birming-
ham for at least two reasons. The number of pupils in average daily
attendance per teacher in Yonkers is 25.4, while it is 32.6 in Birming-
ham. Cost of instruction in Yonkers is $3,000 for each teacher,
supervisor, and principal employed, while in Birmingham it is $1,534.
Cost of general control and instruction, the larger part of which is for
salaries, constitutes nearly 80 per cent of the total current expendi-
tures in these large cities. Considerably more variation exists in the
per cent going for general control in this group than in that going
for instruction.
In this group cost of operating the plant, which includes salaries of
building employees and payments for fuel, light, power, water, and
building supplies, varies from $3.99 per pupil in Birmingham to
$18.49 in Springfield, Mass. The average for this group is $11.55
per pupil.
Cost of maintaining the school plant in this group varies from $1.89
per pupil in New Bedford to $11.27 in Buffalo. The average is
$6.16. Maintenance costs include repairs and upkeep of grounds,
buildings, and contents. Maintenance and operation costs are gen-
erally higher in the North, where more fuel is needed and where
buildings must be made warm, than in the South, where the climate
is mild.
Auxiliary agencies include such items as libraries, lunch rooms, and
transportation of pupils. Coordinate activities include such items as
medical inspection, compulsory attendance, and vocational guidance.
The cost of these services combined varies in this group per pupil
from $0.21 in Bridgeport, Conn., to $7.70 in Newark, N. J.
Fixed charges refer to those amounts paid for rent, taxes, insurance,
to retirement funds, and for similar items. Among the large cities
these costs vary from an amount too small to report to $8.28 in Buffalo,
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1927-28
3
with an average of $1.97. Many cities have no school property upon
which taxes are paid, pay no rent, do not contribute to pensions, and
either carry no insurance or pay premiums from three to five years in
advance. Less than 2 per cent of the expenditures in this group of
cities goes for fixed charges.
In 60 cities having a population between 30,000 and 100,000 per
capita costs vary about as they do in the larger cities, although such
costs are slightly lower with the exception of the amounts spent for
auxiliary agencies and coordinate activities in three cities. Kala-
mazoo, Mich., spends $10.66 per pupil; Mount Vernon, N. Y., $10.29;
and Hamtramck, Mich., $8.32 for these items.
Hibbing, Minn., which is included among the 75 cities having a
population between 10,000 and 30,000, has a higher total per capita
cost than any other city included in this study-$216.77. In this
group Montclair, N. J., follows with $182.21, and Santa Monica,
Calif., comes next with $169. In cities having a population between
2,500 and 10,000 Chisholm, Minn., leads with a total per capita cost
of $181.02, and Modesto, Calif., follows with $162.21. The highest
per capita cost for instruction in all cities is $139.05 for Montclair,
N. J.; the next is $132.13 for Modesto, Calif.; then Yonkers, N. Y.,
follows, with $127.18; and then Hibbing, Minn., with $126.18.
The lowest total per capita cost for all cities is $25.57 for Phenix
City, Ala., then follows Rome, Ga., with $28.65, and Troy, Ala., with
$38.24. The lowest per capita cost for instruction is $21.88 for
Phenix City, Ala., and this is followed by $24.09 for Rome, Ga., and
$31.60 for Troy, Ala.
Dublin, Ga., pays the highest portion of current expenses for
general control-11.6 per cent; while New Orleans pays the lowest-
1.2 per cent. The lowest average portion for general control for the
groups of cities is 3.2 per cent for cities having a population between
30,000 and 100,000, while the highest is 5.5 per cent for cities between
2,500 and 10,000.
The portion of total cost going for operation increases from 10.2
per cent for the larger cities to 12.2 per cent for the smaller cities.
The average amount spent per pupil by these groups varies from $9.91
for the smaller cities to $11.55 for the larger cities. Among the indi-
vidual cities Chisholm, Minn., heads the list with an expenditure for
the year of $48.55 per pupil, and Hibbing, Minn., comes next with a
cost of $35.24. Montclair, N. J., Santa Monica, Calif., and Pied-
mont, Calif., all spend more than $20 per year per pupil for operation
of the school plant. The lowest amount spent per pupil for operation
is $1.43 for Moss Point, Miss., followed by Phenix City, Ala., with
$1.47, Troy, Ala., with $1.80, and Rome, Ga., with $1.87 per pupil.
Macon, Ga., spends $2.30, and Savannah, Ga., spends $2.50 per
pupil for expenses of operation.
4
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1927-28
The portion of the total cost spent for maintenance varies from 3.5
per cent in the smaller cities to 5.4 per cent in the larger cities, and
the average amount varies from $2.83 in the smaller cities to $6.16 in
the larger cities. Hibbing, Minn., heads the list of all cities with a
cost of $17.38 per pupil, and Hackensack, N. J., follows with $12.31.
The lowest cost per pupil, where reported, is 14 cents for Richmond
and for Greenville, N. C., and these are followed by Moss Point,
Miss., with 15 cents.
The portion of total expenditures going for coordinate activities
and auxiliary agencies varies from 3.3 per cent in the larger cities to
3.5 per cent in the smaller cities, and the average amounts spent vary
from $2.89 per pupil in the smaller cities to $3.73 in the larger cities.
Some cities report no expenditures for these items, while Hibbing,
Minn., heads the list with a cost of $26.64 per pupil.
The portion spent for fixed charges varies in these groups of cities
from 1.6 per cent to 2.2 per cent. Many cities report no expenditure
for fixed charges, while Buffalo and Chisholm, Minn., each report an
expenditure of $8.28 per pupil. Hibbing, while heading the list with
high expenditures for several other items, reports only 16 cents per
pupil for fixed charges.
Doubtless many may wish to use the data in the following tables
as a basis for making a comparison of their own school expenditures
with those of certain cities included in this report. Of the 250 cities
for which data are given it is possible to select several that will com-
pare favorably in size, location, wealth, average income, ratio of
adults to children, and scheme of administration with many of the
2,600 cities not included.
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS,
5
1927-28
er
Current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 250 city school systems, 1927-28
GROUP I.—CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE (35 CITIES)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
General control
schools
Instruction in day Operation of plant
Maintenance of
plant
City
Total
current
expenses
Coordinate activi-
ties and auxiliary
agencies
Fixed charges
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Per cent
Cost
of total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Yonkers, N. Y
$157.37
$3.09
2.0
$127. 18
80.8
$11. 24
7.1
$6.92
4. 4
$2.01
1.3
$6.93
4. 4
Buffalo, N. Y.
148. 29
3.60
2.4
105.95
71.5
16.33
11.0
11. 27
7.6
2.86
1.9
8.28
5.6
Springfield, Mass..
137. 13
4.60
3.4
105. 10
76.6
18. 49
13. 5
6.58
4.8
2.36
1.7
Newark, N. J.
135. 18
3.98
2.9
106. 06
78.5
9.91
7.3
6. 45
4.8
7.70
5.7
1.08
.8
Los Angeles, Calif.
134.92
6.92
5. 1
104.60
77.5
12.02
8.9
4.58
3.4!
5.52
4. 1
1.28
1.0
Washington, D. C.
130.60
2.69
2.0
101.02
77.4
13.00
10.0
9.90
7.6
2.00
1.5
1.99
1.5
Boston, Mass.
127.07
4. 17
3.3
95.87
75.5
10. 21
8.0
11. 18
8.8
4. 48
3.5
1.16
.9
Oakland, Calif
126.92
3.05
2. 4
106. 48
83.9
9.54
7.5
4.82
3.8
2.25
1.8
78
Grand Rapids, Mich
125. 48
3. 67
2.9
97. 18
77.5
15. 56
12. 4
6.33
5.0
2.34
1.9
.40
Paterson, N. J.
124. 59
2.74
2.2
101.29
81.3
13.70
11.0
3.23
2.6
2.70
2.2
.93
5a657
Pittsburgh, Pa..
123. 33
5.28
4. 3
92.97
75.4
13.73
11. 1
7.25
5.9
1.70
1. 4
2.40
1.9
Cleveland, Ohio.
122. 24
3.72
3.0
88.96
72.8
12. 14
9.9
10. 21
8.4
4.49
3.7
2.72
2.2
Cambridge, Mass.
117. 18
4.73
4.0
91. 83
78.4
11.51
9.8
5.09
4.3
3.71
3.2
.31
.3
Chicago, Ill.
113. 23
4.74
4. 2
81.74
72.2
15.06
13.3
6.38
5.6
3.50
3. 1
1.81
1.6
St. Louis, Mo..
112.55
3.90
3.5
81.92
72.8
11. 14
9.9
8. 19
7.3
6.60
5.8
.80
.7
Denver, Colo.
108.87
3.97
3.7
88.64
81.4
8.29
7.6
3. 27
3.0
2.62
2. 4
2. 08
1.9
Camden, N. J
107.02
1.98
1.8
86. 13
80.5
10.54
9.8
4. 24
4.0
2.43
2.3
1.70
1.6
Dayton, Ohio.
106.57
1,99
1.9
80.31
75.4
9.65
9.0
5.97
5.6
5.47
5. 1
3.18
3.0
Albany, N. Y.
106. 17
1.40
1.3
79.88
75.2
11.37
10.7
5.25
5.0
3.90
3.7
4.37
4. 1
Des Moines, Iowa.
105.00
3.03
2.9
82.30
78.4
13. 38
12.7
3.30
3.2
1.09
1.0
1.90
1.8
Philadelphia, Pa.
104. 59
3. 14
3.0
79.90
76.4
7.73
7.4
4. 11
3.9
5. 51
5.3
4. 20
4.0
Minneapolis, Minn.
100.59
2.29
2.3
75.91
75.5
12.94
12.9
5.89
5.8
2. 41
2.4
1. 15
1.1
Reading, Pa.
99.76
3.94
3.9
71. 10
71.3
13. 59
13. 6
4.95
5.0
3.07
3. 1
3.11
3. 1
Seattle, Wash.
98.81
3.29
3.3
76. 49
77.4
10. 28
10. 4
5.84
5.9
2.91
3.0
Omaha, Nebr.
98.43
3.68
3.7
78.53
79.8
10. 96
11. 1
2.34
2. 4
.94
1.0
1.98
2.0
Portland, Oreg.
97.27
3.60
3.7
79.08
81.3
8.91
9.2
4. 11
4. 2
1.11
1. 1
.46
.5
New Bedford, Mass.
96. 54
2.43
2.5
79.56
82.4
10. 18
10.5
1.89
2.0
2.32
2. 4
16
2
ωσ
St. Paul, Minn.
90.69
2.47
2.7
67.31
74.2
13.42
14.8
2.33
2.6
5. 16
5.7
Wilmington, Del..
90.32
2.50
2.8
72. 20
79.9
7.44
8.2
4.25
4.7
3. 21
3.6
.72
.8
Bridgeport, Conn.
87.69
3.32
3.8
70.76
80.7
10.00
11. 4
3.40
3.9
.21
2

6
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1927-28

Current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 250 city school systems, 1927-28—Continued
GROUP I.-CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE (35 CITIES)-continued
City
Total
current
expenses
General control
Instruction in day
schools
Operation of plant
Maintenance of
plant
Coordinate activi-
ties and auxiliary
agencies
Fixed charges
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Per cent
Cost
of total
1
2
3
4
5
LO
6
ร
8
ab
9
10
11
12
13
14
Kansas City, Kans.
$82.62
$3.16
3.8
$61.92
74.9
$8.39
10.2
$5.03
6. 1
$3.68
4. 5
Dallas, Tex…….
79.23
3. 19
4. 1
63.96
80.7
5.80
7.3
2.86
3.6
2.70
3.4
$0.44
.72
.5
9
New Orleans, La.
78.09
.95
1.2
65.87
84.4
4.93
6.3
4.95
6.3
1.39
1.8
Norfolk, Va.
69.48
1.24
1.8
57.83
83.2
6. 66
9.6
2.36
3.4
1. 11
1.6
28
.4
Birmingham, Ala.
59.02
1. 73
2.9
49.15
83.3
3.99
6.8
3.08
5.2
.43
.7
.64
1.1
Average.
113.69
3.90
3.4
86.38
76.0
11.55
10. 2
6. 16
5.4
3.73
3.3
1.97
1.7
GROUP II.-CITIES OF 30,000 TO 100,000 POPULATION (60 CITIES)
Mount Vernon, N. Y..
$149. 51
$4.39
2.9
$115. 32
77.1
$13.70
9.2
$3.37
2.3
$10.29
6.9
$2.44
1.6
Bayonne, N. J.
143. 27
5.41
3.8
105.36
73.5
17.59
12.3
6. 61
4. 6
6. 31
4. 4
1.99
1. 4
Long Beach, Calif.
142. 20
4. 13
2.9
110.67
77.8
15.82
11. 1
2.56
1.8
7.70
5.4
1. 32
1.0
Berkeley, Calif.
139.88
3.75
2.7
112.56
80.5
11.74
8.4
7.06
5.0
3.25
2.3
1.52
1.1
East Orange, N. J.
137.69
4.53
3.3
110.98
80.6
11.63
8.4
6.06
4. 4
4. 05
3.0
.44
.3
Colorado Springs, Colo.
133.09
6.32
4.7
105.81
79.5
9.68
7.3
8.31
6.2
1.27
1.0
1.70
1.3
Union City, N. J.
130.22
4. 64
3.6
99.00
76.0
14. 16
10.9
5.97
4.6
5.20
4.0
1. 25
9
Kalamazoo, Mich..
127.08
4. 47
3.5
89.31
70.3
18. 13
14. 2
3.51
2.7
10.66
8.4
1.00
9
Sacramento, Calif.
125. 16
3.82
3.0
102.98
82.3
10.53
8.4
1.32
1. 1
5.47
4. 4
1.04
8
Holyoke, Mass.
117. 18
3.40
2.9
86. 57
73.9
16.09
13.7
6.96
5.9
3.57
3. 1
59
5
64013 00 LO
Davenport, Iowa..
115.43
4.02
3.5
84.49
73.2
14.79
12.8
7.99
6.9
3.19
2.8
.95
.8
Harrisburg, Pa..
113.98
4.64
4. 1
84.92
74.5
12.42
10.9
5.31
4. 6
4.30
3.8
2.39
2.1
Jamestown, N. Y.
112.43
3.67
3. 3
80.26
71.4
12. 81
11.4
6.76
6.0
4.06
3.6
4. 87
4.3
Waterbury, Conn.
111.86
2.50
2.2
88.41
79.0
12. 15
10.9
3.56
3.2
3.80
3.4
1.44
1.3
Fort Wayne, Ind.
110. 21
3.96
3.6
80.79
73.3
18.31
16. 6
4. 14
3.8
1.23
1.1
1.78
1.6
Erie, Pa..
109.79
3.46
3.2
76.21
69.4
12.54
11. 4
7.60
6.9
7.28
6.6
2.70
2.5
Elmira, N. Y.
109. 11
3.00
2.7
85.94
78.8
7.92
7.3
2.98
2.7
4.07
3.7
5. 20
4.8
Battle Creek, Mich.
107. 25
3. 40
3.2
74.53
69.5
14.84
13.8
4.92
4.6
6.39
5.9
3. 17
3.0
Meriden, Conn...
106.83
2. 14
2.0
83.10
77.8
11.49
10.8
5.36
5.0
4.74
4.4
Duluth, Minn.
106. 39
2.75
2.6
76.93
72.3
16.96
15.9
4. 45
4. 2
4.76
4.5
.54
.5


PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1927–28
7

Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
106.06
3. 23
3.0
77.44
73.0
13.78
13.0
8.44
8.0
2.65
2.5
.52
5
Sioux City, Iowa..
105. 73
2.69
2.5
83.82
79.3
11.62
11.0
4. 17
3.9
2.60
2.5
.83
8
Newburgh, N. Y.
105.46
2.79
2.6
79.37
75.3
10. 73
10. 2
3. 51
3.3
3.77
3.6
5. 29
5.0
Green Bay, Wis.
102.59
2.60
2.5
77.46
75.5
12. 81
12.5
4.67
4.6
1. 13
1. 1
3.92
3.8
Fresno, Calif.
101.49
2.78
2.7
83.80
82.6
9.40
9.3
2. 16
2.1
2.09
2. 1
1.26
1.2
Lincoln, Nebr.
100.37
5.54
5.5
69.81
69.6
13. 66
13.6
6.05
6.0
3.59
3.6
1.72
1.7
Hamtramck, Mich.
98.48
6.91
7.0
66.45
67.5
10.73
10.9
3.73
3.8
8.32
8.4
2.34
2.4
Utica, N. Y
95.15
1.69
1.8
75.29
79. 1
10.62
11.2
2.55
2.7
.77
.8
4. 23
4.4
Topeka, Kans.
94.51
2.60
2.8
70.72
74.8
10.93
11.6
6.65
7.0
1.69
1.8
1.92
2.0
Allentown, Pa..
94.09
3.89
4. 1
68. 22
72.5
10.46
11. 1
1.91
2.0
4. 37
4.7
5. 24
5. 6
Wichita, Kans.
92.73
3.91
4. 2
68.47
73.9
13.32
14. 4
4.29
4.6
1.70
1.8
1.04
1. 1
Muncie, Ind.
91.64
3. 22
3.5
72.84
79.5
9.38
10.2
3.70
4.0
1.98
2.2
.52
. 6
Moline, Ill.
91.36
3.46
3.8
71.38
78. 1
9.22
10.1
4.76
5.2
1.30
1.4
1.24
1.4
Sheboygan, Wis.
90.85
2.77
3.0
66. 11
72.8
13.62
15.0
6. 37
7.0
1.82
2.0
.16
.2
Rockford, Ill
90.83
3.74
4.1
67.69
74.5
13.89
15.3
2.98
3.3
2.53
2.8
Decatur, Ill.
90.20
2.70
3.0
71.33
79.1
10.01
11.1
2.45
2.7
2. 44
2.7
1.27
1.4
Everett, Mass.
88.98
2.08
2.3
71.39
80.2
10.38
11.7
3.91
4.4
1.22
1.4
Rock Island, Ill.
88.58
2. 82
3. 2
65. 44
73.9
9.40
10.6
3.66
4. 1
1. 44
1.6
5.82
6.6
East Chicago, Ind.
88.46
3.61
4. 1
68.63
77.6
12.01
13.6
1.77
2.0
1.83
2.0
.61
.7
Springfield, Ill.
88.33
3.09
3.5
68.88
78.0
9.83
11.1
3.71
4.2
1.23
1.4
1.59
1.8
Manchester, N. H.
87.05
3.05
3.5
66.09
75.9
10.76
12.4
.30
.3
3.01
3.5
3.84
4.4
Quincy, Ill.
86.60
2. 48
2.9
68.75
79.4
9.45
10.9
4.91
5.7
.64
7
37
· 4
Lewiston, Me.
84.50
1.94
2.3
63.19
74.8
9.01
10.6
4.87
5.8
3.62
4.3
1.87
2.2
Evansville, Ind.
83.25
2.27
2.7
66. 12
79.4
8.48
10. 2
3.41
4. 1
2. 12
2.6
.85
1.0
Brockton, Mass.
81.55
1.81
2.2
65.31
80. 1
9.55
11. 7
3.39
4.2
1.49
1.8
Charleston, W. Va.
79.42
2.07
2.6
59.78
75.3
8.87
11.2
1. 77
2.2
4. 55
5.7
2.38
3.0
Springfield, Ohio.
77.70
2.00
2.6
60. 18
77.5
8.84
11.4
2.51
3.2
.96
1.2
3. 21
4. 1
Chicopee, Mass.
75.95
2.32
3. 1
58.95
77.6
7.98
10.5
1.98
2.6
4. 16
5.5
.56
.7
Lorain, Ohio.
70.33
2. 15
3.0
55.55
79.0
1.43
2.0
6.52
9.3
2.72
3.9
1.96
2.8
Kokomo, Ind.
68.97
1.98
2.9
52.61
76.3
7.88
11.4
1.81
2.6
2.95
4.3
1.74
2.5
Danville, Ill.
64.96
2. 01
3.1
49.75
76.6
9.40
14.5
1.23
1.9
1.03
1.6
1.54
2.3
Winston-Salem, N. C.
64.36
2. 15
3.3
52.07
80.9
6.74
10.5
2. 48
3.9
.78
1.2
.14
.2
Charlotte, N. C.
59.62
2.71
4.5
49.49
83.0
5.40
9. 1
1.90
3.2
.12
Springfield, Mo-
57.09
1.51
2.7
45.75
80.1
6.65
11.6
2. 28
4.0
.52
.9
.38
Petersburg, Va.
56.06
1.91
3.4
45.90
81.9
5.97
10.6
1.45
2.6
.78
1.4
.05
1
3227pol
Portsmouth, Va.
50.99
1.44
2.8
43.65
85.6
3.46
6.8
1.27
2.5
.80
1.6
.37
7
Mobile, Ala-
48.70
1.53
3.1
39.76
81.6
3. 64
7.5
2.88
5.9
.66
1.4
23
.5
Savannah, Ga..
45.38
1.39
3.1
38.64
85. 1
2.50
5.5
1. 11
2.4
.31
.7
1.43
3.2
Macon, Ga-
42.05
.91
2.2
35. 13
83.5
2.30
5.5
1.36
3.2
1.74
4. 1
.61
1.5
Montgomery, Ala.
39.73
1.33
3.3
33.67
84.8
3.25
8.2
.45
1.1
.60
1.5
.43
1.1
Average.
96.78
3. 13
3.2
74.08
76.5
10.92
11.3
3.83
4.0
3. 24
3.4
1.58
1.6



8
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1927–28
Current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 250 city school systems, 1927–28—Continued
GROUP III.—CITIES OF 10,000 TO 30,000 POPULATION (75 CITIES)
General control
schools
Instruction in day Operation of plant
Maintenance of
plant
Coordinate activi-
ties and auxiliary
agencies
Fixed charges
City
Total
current
expenses
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
1
2
3
4
5
LO
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Hibbing, Minn.
$216.77
$11.17
5.2
$126. 18
58. 2
$35.24
16. 2
$17.38
8.0
$26.64
12.3
$0.16
0.1
Montclair, N. J.
182. 21
7.83
4.4
139.05
76.3
21.55
11.8
4.97
2.7
7.31
4.0
1.50
.8
Santa Monica, Calif.
169.00
8.53
5.0
123.49
73. 1
21.08
12.5
5.93
3.5
7.25
4.3
2.72
1.6
Hackensack, N. J.
145.89
2.56
1.8
110. 17
75.5
15. 32
10.5
12.31
8.4
3.81
2.6
1.72
1.2
West Orange, N. J.
136. 55
4.93
3.6
101.67
74.5
14. 55
10.7
6. 72
4.9
7.00
5. 1
1.68
1.2
Englewood, N. J.
135.66
4.72
3.5
98. 44
72.6
16.79
12.4
9.67
7.1
4.48
3.3
1. 56
1. 1
Santa Ana, Calif.
130.98
3.91
3.0
102. 09
77.9
10.04
7.7
2.37
1.8
11.60
8.9
97
.7
Bloomfield, N. J.
126. 03
3. 57
2.8
98.06
77.8
14. 11
11. 2
6.60
5.2
3.20
2.6
49
.4
Long Branch, N. J
120. 13
4. 23
3.5
93.99
78.3
12.42
10.3
5. 19
4.3
2.93
2.4
1.37
1.2
Riverside, Calif.
111.67
3.78
3.4
92.63
82.9
8.89
8.0
1. 26
1. 1
4. 16
3.7
.95
.9
17429
Boulder, Colo.
111. 14
3.33
3.0
88.51
79.6
12.55
11.3
1.84
1.7
3.05
2.7
1.86
1.7
Helena, Mont.
108.60
6.43
5.9
84.31
77.6
14.61
13.5
1.20
1. 1
2.05
1.9
Hornell, N. Y.
106.66
4.51
4. 2
78.37
73.5
12.72
11.9
4. 03
3.8
2. 16
2.0
4.87
4.6
Concord, N. H
106. 01
2.74
2.6
74.42
70.2
12.92
12. 2
2.38
2.3
10.00
9.4
3.55
3.3
Eureka, Calif.
105.69
3.78
3.6
86.38
81.7
9.82
9.3
.49
.5
3.51
3.3
1.71
1.6
Danbury, Conn.
102.59
3.61
3.5
73.65
71.8
13. 57
13.2
5. 22
5. 1
6. 54
6.4
Cheyenne, Wyo.
101.42
4.72
4.7
74.58
73.5
12. 43
12.3
2.56
2.5
5. 21
5. 1
1.92
1.9
Anaconda, Mont.
100. 60
4.20
4. 2
73.53
73. 1
14.66
14.6
2.58
2.5
3.81
3.8
1.82
1.8
Elyria, Ohio..
98.90
2.69
2.7
70.90
71.7
11.38
11. 5
8.39
8.5
.98
1.0
4.56
4.6
Aberdeen, S. Dak
98.62
3.45
3.5
76.64
77.7
12. 20
12.4
2. 12
2. 1
1. 70
1.7
2. 51
2.6
Oswego, N. Y
97. 18
3.66
3.8
70.44
72,5
12. 10
12.4
1.59
1.6
4. 55
4.7
4.84
5.0
Parkersburg, W. Va.
97. 12
2.88
3.0
75.49
77.7
8.46
8.7
5.00
5.2
4.66
4.8
63
6
Salina, Kans.
96. 67
2.84
2.9
75. 16
77.8
11. 12
11.5
3.32
3.4
1.40
1.5
2.83
2.9
Champaign, Ill.
95. 10
4.91
5.2
65. 12
68.5
15. 11
15.9
5. 67
5.9
1.80
1.9
2.49
2.6
Boise, Idaho.
93.87
4. 22
4. 5
72.01
76.7
11. 12
11.9
4.04
4.3
1. 25
1.3
1.23
1.3
Braintree, Mass.
93.82
2.66
2.8
72. 11
76.9
8.07
8.6
3. 54
3.8
7.44
7.9
Emporia, Kans..
93.75
3.32
3.5
73.86
78.8
11.52
12.3
3.02
3.2
1.37
1.5
.66
.7
Gloucester, Mass.
92.75
2.50
2.7
66. 70
71.9
11.20
12. 1
7.77
8.4
4.58
4.9
Central Falls, R. I...
92.03
3. 12
3.4
65.46
71. 1
14. 40
15.7
5.80
6.3
2.84
3. 1
.41
.4
Grand Forks, N. Dak
91. 86
3.62
3.9
67. 17
73. 1
13.38
14.6
2.01
2.2
4.31
4.7
1.37
1.5


PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1927-28
9
North Adams, Mass.
91.38
2.97
3.3
72.49
79.3
9. 44
10.3
2.39
2.6
2. 21
2.4
1.88
2.1
Fulton, N. Y.
90. 24
3.79
4. 2
66. 25
73.4
9.71
10.8
1.85
2.1
2.35
2.6
6. 29
6.9
Leavenworth, Kans.
89.67
3. 54
3.9
66.67
74.4
13.63
15.2
2.89
3.2
1.94
2.2
1.00
1. 1
Mason City, Iowa.
88.32
3.00
3.4
62.40
70.7
12.82
14.5
8.47
9.6
1.63
1.8
Rome, N. Y.
88.31
2. 15
2.4
69.02
78.2
7.70
8.7
3. 15
3.6
1.92
2.2
4.37
4.9
Clinton, Iowa.
88. 19
3.83
4.3
63.92
72.5
14.81
16.8
3.89
4. 4
.73
.8
1. 01
1.2
Fairmont, W. Va.
87.34
3.80
4.4
65.94
75.5
11.32
13.0
1. 42
1.6
3.27
3.7
1.59
1.8
Huntington, Ind.
87. 28
3.40
3.9
65. 18
74.7
9.55
10.9
4. 18
4.8
4.97
5.7
Keokuk, Iowa..
86.87
5.37
6. 2
66.57
76.6
9.89
11.4
4.09
4.7
.73
.8
. 22
Phoenix, Ariz..
86.53
2.34
2.7
70.59
81.6
7.78
9.0
2.39
2.8
1.35
1.5
Burlington, Iowa.
86.28
2.34
2.7
64. 11
74.3
11.84
13.7
5. 25
6. 1
1.96
2.3
2.08
.78
.3
2. 4
♡ H
.9
Ironwood, Mich.
85.55
4. 31
5.0
59.62
69.7
16.36
19. 1
1.46
1.7
2.94
3.5
.86
1.0
Logansport, Ind..
85.30
3.56
4. 2
65.38
76.6
10.01
11.7
1.89
2.2
1. 34
1.6
3. 12
3.7
Ashtabula, Ohio.
83.95
2.79
3.3
59. 22
70.5
11. 63
13.9
3.44
4. 1
1. 23
1.5
5. 64
6.7
Fort Dodge, Iowa.
83.70
2.64
3.2
58.23
69.6
14. 27
17.0
6.45
7.7
1.43
1.7
.68
.8
Great Falls, Mont.
82.83
2.85
3.4
63. 17
76.3
88.8
10.7
5. 26
6. 4
1. 24
1.5
1.43
1.7
Lake Charles, La..
82.46
4.07
4.9
67.26
81.6
5.72
6.9
3.49
4. 2
1.46
1.8
.46
.6
Freeport, Ill.
82.30
2.31
2.8
61.82
75. 1
12. 10
14. 7
3.90
4.8
.91
1. 1
1.26
1.5
Yakima, Wash.
81.12
2.99
3.7
65.50
80.8
8.94
11.0
1.71
2. 1
1.98
2.4
Escanaba, Mich.
80.85
4. 19
5.2
60. 41
74.7
9.93
12.3
3.89
4.8
2. 27
2.8
. 16
.2
Findlay, Ohio.
80.57
2. 15
2.7
60. 20
74.7
11.64
14. 4
2. 81
3.5
.44
.6
3.33
4..1
Clifton, N. J
79.65
2.29
2.9
64.51
81.0
9.00
11.3
3.36
4. 2
.49
.6
Alliance, Ohio.
79. 16
2.63
3.3
60. 74
76. 7
10.22
12.9
2.25
2.9
1.45
1.8
1.87
2. 4
Elkhart, Ind.
77.73
3.05
3.9
60. 05
77.3
9.24
11.9
3. 27
4.2
.27
.3
1.85
2.4
Stratford, Conn.
75. 28
2.08
2.8
59.39
78.9
6. 85
9. 1
4. 17
5. 6
2.69
3.6
.10
.0
Mahanoy City, Pa.
74.98
5.83
7.8
53.65
71.6
7.45
9.9
3. 54
4.7
2.04
2.7
2.47
3.3
Owosso, Mich
73.70
3.56
4.8
57. 12
77.5
8.62
11.7
1.79
2.4
57
8
2. 04
2.8
Arkansas City, Kans.
72. 15
5.49
7.6
57.10
79. 1
6.61
9.2
60
.8
2.35
3. 3
Coffeyville, Kans.
71.91
4.81
6.7
56.84
79. 1
7. 14
9.9
1.96
2.7
.87
1.2
.29
4
Rutland, V
Vt.
71.59
3.30
4.6
52.15
72.9
8.44
11.8
4.48
6.3
2.35
4. 3
.87
1
Sedalia, Mo.
71.08
2.52
3.6
49.64
69.8
8.70
12.2
7.22
10.2
.87
1. 2
2. 13
3.0
Moberly, Mo.
68.83
2. 11
3. 1
50.60
73.5
8. 16
11.9
5.32
7.7
1. 11
1.6
1. 53
2.2
New Albany, Ind.
67.09
2.56
3.8
48.84
72.8
8.37
12.5
1. 16
1.7
3.09
4.6
3.07
4.6
Cape Girardeau, Mo
65.61
2.61
4.0
51.96
79.2
5.76
8.8
1. 17
1.8
1.90
2.9
2. 21
3.3
Chillicothe, Ohio
64.56
2.48
3.8
49.74
77.0
7.46
11.6
1. 46
2.3
.32
.5
3. 10
4.8
Cambridge, Ohio.
61.29
1.86
3.0
42.78
69.8
7.11
11.6
6. 23
10. 2
1. 24
2.0
2.07
3.4
Galesburg, Ill.
61. 21
2. 14
3.5
43.46
71.0
8. 21
13. 4
5. 79
9.5
.33
.5
1.28
2. 1
Barberton, Ohio.
59.66
1.95
3.3
43. 06
72.2
7.77
13.0
.61
1.0
3.04
5. 1
3. 23
5.4
Owensboro, Ky
57.39
2. 18
3.8
45.29
78.9
6.69
11.7
1.56
2.7
1.09
1.9
58
1.0
Charlottesville,
Va.
49.70
1. 77
3. 6
38.34
77.1
4. 05
8. 1
4. 81
9.7
.23
.5
.50
1.0
Spartanburg, S. C.
47.81
.95
2.0
39. 11
81.8
3. 68
7.7
3.47
7.3
60
1.2
Pine Bluff, Ark.
46.65
1. 33
2.9
39.02
83.6
4. 47
9.6
1. 14
2.4
69
1.5
Selma, Ala.
44.82
2. 19
4.9
35.08
78.2
3. 44
7.7
2.37
5.3
99
2.2
.75
1.7
Rome, Ga..
28. 65
1.58
5.5
24. 09
84. 1
1.87
6.5
.59
2. 1
.03
.1
.49
1.7
Phenix City, Ala.
25. 57
1. 64
6. 4
21.88
85.6
1.47
5.7
.46
1.8
.12
.5
Average.
93. 12
3.48
3.7
69.85
75.0
11.00
11.8
4.08
4.4
3. 13
3.4
1.58
1.7



10
PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1927-28
Current expenses per student in average daily attendance in 250 city school systems, 1927-28-Continued
GROUP IV. CITIES OF 2,500 TO 10,000 POPULATION (80 CITIES)
General control
City
Total
current
expenses
schools
Instruction in day Operation of plant
Maintenance of
plant
Coordinate activi-
ties and auxiliary
agencies
Fixed charges
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
Cost
Per cent
of total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Chisholm, Minn.
$181.02
$11.61
6. 4
$87. 13
48. 1
$48.55
26.8
Modesto, Calif.
$8.97
5.0
$16. 48
9. 1
$8.28
4. 6
162. 21
7.22
4. 4
132. 13
81.5
8.85
5.5
2. 32
1.4
Sheridan, Wyo
8.98
5. 5
2.71
1. 7
143. 12
6. 12
4.3
104. 77
72.2
13. 53
9.5
1.76
1.2
11. 89
8.3
Piedmont, Calif.
5. 05
3.5
136.30
7.46
5.5
102.68
75.3
20.81
15.3
2.76
2.0
1.39
1.0
1.20
Hempstead, N. Y
.9
115.67
4. 38
3.8
86.35
74.7
15.05
13. 0
2. 64
2.3
2.80
2. 4
4.45
3.8
Beatrice, Nebr.
107.70
5. 01
4.7
84.30
78.3
10.76
Mechanicville, N. Y.
10.0
1.87
1.7
3.77
3.5
1.99
1.8
102. 08
4.94
4.9
72. 20
70.7
9.80
9.6
6. 15
6.0
2.97
2.9
Bisbee, Ariz
6.02
5.9
101. 25
4.47
4. 4
73. 63
72.7
10.71
10.6
4. 65
4. 6
5. 15
5. 1
2.64
2.6
Amherst, Mass.
100. 75
5.82
5.8
72.38
71.8
9.84
9.8
3.48
3.4
9.23
9.2
Santa Fe, N. Mex.
99. 03
6. 57
6.6
72.23
72.9
10. 70
10.8
6. 31
6.4
2. 32
2. 4
.90
.9
Kirkwood, Mo.
96. 16
5. 66
5.9
69.06
71.8
11. 24
11. 7
7. 14
7.4
3.06
3.2
Augusta, Kans
95.40
5.93
6. 2
67.04
70.3
13.08
13.7
3. 21
3.4
4.66
4.9
1. 48
Howell, Mich.
1.5
92.40
8.53
9.2
71.51
77.4
9. 12
9.9
Goshen, Ind.
· 42
.5
1.88
2.0
.94
1.0
91. 19
3.93
4.3
62.63
68.7
14. 45
15.8
5. 05
5.5
1. 69
1.9
3. 44
Elkins, W. Va..
3.8
88.00
3.09
3.5
72.16
82.0
7.79
8.9
.31
.4
4. 18
4.7
.47
.5
Gorham, N. H
87.86
5. 78
6.6
57.57
65. 5
12. 12
13.8
5.38
6. 1
Weathersfield, Conn.
3.69
4.2
3. 32
3.8
87.66
2.03
2. 3
65. 31
74.5
9.49
10.8
Durango, Colo
.81
.9
3.48
4.0
6. 54
7.5
87.56
4.94
5.6
67. 18
76.7
10.05
11.5
1.40
1.6
2.00
2.3
1.99
Oskaloosa, Iowa.
2.3
86.80
3.74
4.3
66. 31
76. 4
9.36
10.8
2.81
3. 2
2.66
3. 1
1. 92
Connersville, Ind..
2.2
85.73
4. 04
4.7
60.27
70.3
12.87
15.0
3.36
3.9
2. 43
2.9
2.76
3.2
Chippewa Falls, Wis
85.47
3.88
4.5
65.04
76. 1
12.67
14.8
2.73
3.2
.90
1. 1
.25
.3
Albion, Mich.
85.29
3.48
4. 1
60.40
70.8
11. 29
13.2
5.58
6.6
3. 14
3.7
1.40
St. Joseph, Mich.
1.6
85.03
3.50
4. 1
65.49
77.0
7.74
9. 1
4.01
4.7
1.69
2.0
Coraopolis, Pa..
2.60
3. 1
84.30
6.40
7.6
61.92
73. 4
10. 17
12. 1
1.99
2.4
1.93
2.3
1.89
2.2
Columbus, Nebr
84.08
4.36
5. 2
59.77
71.1
15. 27
18. 1
2.83
3.4
1.68
2.0
.17
.2
Blackfoot, Idaho.
83.41
5.60
6.7
59.61
71.5
8. 15
9.8
2.23
2.7
7.36
8.8
.46
Chehalis, Wash.
.5
82. 74
4.81
5.8
62. 16
75.1
8.05
9.7
4.72
5.7
1.88
2.3
1. 12
Greenville, Mich.
1.4
81.81
4. 21
5. 1
62.32
76. 2
8.03
9.8
3.99
4.9
1.77
2.2
Grinnell, Iowa.
1.49
1.8
81. 21
4.68
5.8
56.00
69.0
14. 87
18.3
3.52
4.3
.34
Douglas, Ariz..
.4
1.80
2.2
81.03
2.73
3.4
66.33
81.8
4.36
5.4
5.05
6. 2
1.93
2.4
.63
.8
Bemidji, Minn.
80.99
5.92
7.3
57.78
71.4
10.89
13. 4
2.84
3.5
1.34
1. 7
2. 22
2.7
Gallup, N. Mex.
80.38
5.37
6.7
61.34
76.3
9.73
12. 1
2.81
3.5
1. 13
1.4
Kittanning, Pa.
80. 26
5.39
6.7
60.54
75.4
8. 12
10. 1
3. 28
4. 1
.63
.8
2.30
2.9
Bend, Oreg.
79.68
5. 16
6.5
59. 14
74.2
11.46
14. 4
1.72
2.2
.09
.1
2. 11
2.6
Fort Morgan, Colo
79.63
3.84
4.8
59.61
74.9
8.87
11. 1
1. 24
1.6
5. 43
6.8
.64
.8




PER CAPITA COSTS IN CITY SCHOOLS, 1927-28
11
Plainville, Conn.
79.04
4.87
6.2
50.14
63.4
13.76
17.4
2.91
3.7
6. 10
7.7
1.26
1.6
McPherson, Kans..
78.65
4. 58
5.8
60.86
77.4
8.52
10.9
2.07
2.6
2.36
3.0
.26
.3
Grand Junction, Colo
78.52
3.62
4.6
63.75
81.2
6.49
8.2
1.39
1.8
1.07
1.4
2.20
2.8
Bridgewater, Mass.
78.49
3.01
3.8
56.91
72.5
6.36
8.1
.86
1. 1
10.00
12.8
1.35
1.7
Bismarck, N. Dak.
78.42
4.93
6.3
60.73
77.4
4.03
5. 1
2.02
2.6
1. 13
1.5
5. 58
7.1
Lewiston, Idaho.
77.55
3.92
5.1
57.46
74. 1
9.72
12.5
1.78
2.3
3.16
4. 1
1. 51
1.9
Iron Mountain, Mich.
77.42
3.54
4.6
52.77
68. 2
12.59
16. 2
4. 19
5.4
3.10
4.0
1. 23
1.6
Bowling Green, Ohio.
77.34
7.31
9.4
45.68
59. 1
15. 22
19.7
3.04
3.9
4.57
5.9
1.52
2.0
Bozeman, Mont.
77.23
5.02
6.5
55.75
72.2
11.93
15.5
1.73
2.2
1.61
2. 1
1. 19
1.5
Chico, Calif.
76.83
4. 10
5.3
59.08
76.9
8.33
10.8
1. 34
1.8
2.50
3.3
1.48
1.9
Belvidere, Ill.
75.52
1.39
1.9
53. 18
70.4
13. 24
17.5
3.90
5.2
2.59
3.4
1. 22
1.6
Dodge City, Kans..
74.59
3.63
4.9
57.76
77.4
8.88
11.9
1.29
1.7
1.34
1.8
1.69
2.3
Dixon, Ill.
74.51
3.65
4.9
56.97
76. 4
7.74
10.4
3.62
4.9
.95
1.3
1.58
2.1
Fergus Falls, Minn.
73.69
4. 13
5.6
56.49
76.7
9. 19
12.5
2.01
2.7
1.87
2.5
Brunswick, Me..
73.00
2.35
3.2
55.09
75.5
7.23
9.9
4.09
5.6
2.59
3.5
1.65
2.3
Cherryvale, Kans.
72.65
5. 19
7.1
56. 03
77.1
7.29
10.0
1. 22
1.7
.91
1.3
2.01
2.8
Lebanon, Ind..
72.00
4.08
5.7
58. 23
80.9
6. 43
8.9
1.77
2. 4
.33
.5
1. 16
1.6
Tama, Iowa.
72.00
7.05
9.8
50.59
70.3
7.50
10.4
2.30
3.2
3. 14
4.3
1.42
2.0
Fostoria, Ohio.
70.22
3.08
4.4
51.98
74.0
10. 81
15.4
1.89
2.7
1.05
1.5
1.41
2.0
Marshall, Mo
70.19
3.99
5.7
52.09
74.2
8. 64
12.3
2.80
4.0
1.33
1.9
1.34
1.9
Fort Fairfield, Me.
67.78
1.71
2.5
47.09
69.5
7.65
11.3
3.97
5.9
7.36
10.8
Ipswich, Mass.
66.37
3.11
4.7
50.11
75.5
5.75
8.7
2.09
3. 1
5.31
8.0
Murray, Utah..
65. 41
4.33
6.6
52.02
79.5
6. 21
9.5
2. 47
3.8
.27
.4
.11
.2
Burrillville, R. I..
64.90
3.02
4.7
45. 16
69.6
9.54
14.7
1.91
2.9
5. 27
8.1
Farmington, Me..
64.48
3.07
4.8
41.62
64.5
6. 64
10.3
4.08
6.3
7.61
11.8
1.46
2.3
Maynard, Mass-
64.05
3.38
5.3
47.66
74.4
7.74
12. 1
2.44
3.8
2.70
4.2
Texarkana, Ark.
59.83
5.60
9.4
41. 77
69.8
3.64
6. 1
6. 13
10.3
.05
.0
Harvey, Ill.
59.02
4. 46
7.6
40. 27
68. 2
9.76
16.5
3. 21
5.5
.48
.8
Frankfort, Ky.
57.96
4. 22
7.3
42. 17
72.8
7.83
13.5
2.02
3.4
.67
1.2
San Marcos, Tex.
56.94
4. 48
7.9
46.32
81.3
2.76
4.9
2.53
4. 4
.34
.6
2002 O
. 13
.2
2.64
4.4
.84
1.4
1.05
1.8
.51
.9
Nevada, Mo.
55.85
3.73
6.7
41.48
74.3
6.73
12.0
2. 27
4. 1
.91
1.6
73
1.3
Rock Hill, S. C.
54.36
2. 46
4.5
44. 63
82. 1
4.09
7.5
1.31
2. 4
1.48
2.8
.39
.7
Greenville, N. C.
51. 14
3.06
6.0
43.09
84.2
3.91
7.6
.14
· 3
.81
1.6
.13
.3
Suffolk, Va.
49.88
3.06
6. 1
38.91
78.0
6.39
12.8
.69
1.4
.34
.7
.49
1.0
Moss Point, Miss.
49.00
5.49
11. 2
39.67
81.0
1.43
2.9
. 15
.3
2. 26
4.6
Richmond,
Ky
48.99
4.29
8.7
37.22
76.0
5.49
11. 2
.14
.3
.33
.7
Dublin, Ga.
48.98
5.69
11.6
38.92
79.5
3.06
6.2
1.00
2.0
29
Harrisonburg,
Va..
48.68
2.96
6. 1
38.93
80.0
4.97
10.2
1. 12
2.3
.39
.8
Bowling Green, Ky.
46.96
2.91
6. 2
36.89
78.6
3.81
8. 1
1. 64
3.5
.56
1.2
7682
1.52
3.1
.02
.1
.31
.6
1.15
2.4
Hugo, Okla..
46. 68
4.82
10.3
33.36
71.5
5. 56
11.9
.43
.9
2.51
5.4
Andalusia, Ala.
44.32
3. 61
8.1
36. 61
82.6
2.36
5.3
.96
2.2
.22
.5
Union City, Tenn.
42.82
3.68
8.6
32.43
75.8
3.31
7.7
2.84
6. 6
56
1.3
LO SO
.56
1.3
Fairfield, Ala..
42. 69
3.91
9.2
31.87
74.7
2.90
6.8
3. 10
7.2
.48
1. 1
43
1.0
Cartersville, Ga-
39.49
3.75
9.5
31.97
81.0
2.34
5.9
1. 23
3. 1
20
.5
Troy, Ala
Average.
38. 24
3. 23
8.4
31.60
82.6
1.80
4.7
.96
2.5
.40
1.1
. 25
.7
81.32
4.49
5.5
59.43
73. 1
9.91
12.2
2.83
3.5
2.89
3.5
1.77
2.2

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