FOSSI:S tº *RIAN s Jº - C A O E I. FEREDEERICEx McCOY, SYNOPSIS OF THE .** ** $ liteLAND ;” “costributioss to BRITISH PALEoNTology :" ose of THE AUTHoss of “Bºrish -**** * * ~ * > . * * * * * * * * * * * - iozoic Rocks AND Fossils,” ETC. £ t & PAL, C/D 2. Q }→{ §-ſ ß- ► |× CD Č/) |- Ķr) }ſì © Ź, ** PLATE II., F.I.G. 1. GRAPTOLITES (DIDYMOGRAPSUS) QUADRIBRA- CHIATUS (HALL SP.). [Genus GRAPTOLITES (LIN.). (Class Zoophyta. Order Hydrozoa. Fam. Graptolitida.) Gen. Char.—Polypidom horny, clongate, compressed, with a slender solid axis along one edge, followed by a parallel common longitudinal canal, from which one close row of cells extends, each inclined upwards and outwards, and all terminating in separate apertures on the serrated edge opposite the solid axis.] [Sub-genera—1. Graptolites (proper). Stem single and simple ; Upper and Lower Silurian,—2. Didymograpsus (McCoy). Stems simple, but united in groups of two or more by the pointed uncelled lower end. Some of these have a round horny disc, connecting the non-celluliferous bases of the grouped stems; Lower Silurian. Some writers divide the species into sub-genera Tetragraptus, Loganograptus, &c., according to the number of stems conjoined, a character certainly Ilot of generic value.] DEscRIPTION.—Central stipe straight, rather less than 2 lines long and about 4 of a line wide, bifurcating at each end into 2 equal linear branches (4 in all), diverging at about 95°, branches usually upwards of 13 inches long (broken at ends), and after # inch from the base, about 1 line wide to tip of denticles, for the remainder of their length; denticles varying in the same branch from 5 to 6 in 3. lines, indented rather more than , the width of the branch near the base, and slightly less at a distance from it; points moderately acute, and very slightly recurved at the apex (the lower edge filiformly produced in a few instances), the lower boundary line of each cell reaching the inner edge of the tubular canal of the back at a point coinciding with a line at right angles to the back, passing through the point of the second lower cell; the upper edge of the cell denticles is sometimes convex, and sometimes concave in the same branch, and is about 3 the length of the lower edge. REFERENCE.-(Hall), Can. Org. Rem., dec. 2, t. 5, figs. 1–5, p. 91. One specimen from (B" 29) Newham shows clearly one of the 4 connected branches bent back, exhibiting a length (imperfect at the end) of 3% inches ; the denticles 5 in 3 lines, and the width very slightly exceeding 1 line (1}); the character of this part of the branch so exactly resembles some straight fragments in the same flags, broken at each end, but 8 inches long, that I feel inclined to refer the latter to the present species. The branches in all the specimens are nearly straight, but slightly curved with the con- cavity usually on the denticulate side ; and this character is seen in the large fragments mentioned, and separates them from all the varieties of G. Ludensis and G. sagittarius, as well as the greater width of the branches and the more simple form of the denticles, which are never thickened and abruptly hooked as in these latter species. [ 15 J Lower Silurian.] PAI, AEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. ſ Graptolites. ------ - - - - -------- - - - - The specimen figured seems perfectly identical in all respects with the Canadian ones determined by Professor Hall. I have not seen any trace of the central disc in the Victorian specimens. Finely developed in the greenish soft slates of Bird Roof, Bendigo ; well developed and very distinctly defined in the black flags of section 20, Newham (IS' 29); in Llandeilo flags of B' 39; black flags N. of Lancefield (B" 27); and shales of section 20, Spring Plains (B" 46). ExPIANATION OF FIGURE.8. Plate II.-Fig. 1, specimen, natural size, from Llandeilo flags, Bird Reef, Bendigo. Fig. 1a, portion magnified, showing form of cells. PLATE II., FIGS. 2, 3, AND 5. GRAPTOLITES (DIDYMOGRAPSUS) BRYONOIDES (HALL SP.). DESCRIPTION.—Polypidom of four equal simple stems arising from a very slender cylindrical transverse funicle with a short conical radicle in its middle; each stem is slightly curved at base, and rapidly enlarges in the space of 3 or 4 cells to a broad, flat, parallel-sided, nearly straight stem, upwards of 3 inches long and varying from 1% to 2 lines wide from back to tip of denticles. Cells extending from a narrow common canal upwards and outwards at an angle of about 45° with a slight curve, about 4 to 5 times longer than wide; 10 to 12 in a space of 6 lines; about of the lower edge free, leaving the denticles nearly equilateral and acutely pointed usually without conspicuous mucronation or extension; the end concave. REFERENCEs.-G. bryonoides (Hall), Can. Org. IRem., dec. 2, t. 4, figs, 1 to 11 ; ? G. latus (McCoy), Brit. Pal. Fos., p. 4, 1 B., fig. 7. Although it is quite possible Brongniart may have had this Graptolite before him when figuring and describing his Fucoides serra, still no good could follow from adopting his name, as the figure and description are not sufficiently accurate to give any certainty to the reference, which is chiefly supported by the fact that the rock and locality he cites are not known to contain Ruci, but abound in Graptolites, with several species of which his ſ 16 | Lower Silurian.] PALAEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Graptolites. Fucoides serra might be said to approximately agree. I have little doubt that the Graptolites latus (McCoy) which I described in 1852, from the Lower Silurian or Cambrian slates of Builth and the Skiddaw slates of Scawgill, is one of the stems, imperfect at each end, of the same species as was subsequently described by Prof. Hall from nearly perfect specimens from the similar slates of Quebec under the name G. bryonoides. The great size of the stems, both in length and width, and the comparatively small, nearly equilateral denticles, render the species easy of recognition. Common in the black flags of B" 1, branch of Barwon Creek, 4 miles N. of Griffith and Green's station ; and B" 2 ; B' 39, Bº 44; B" 45 ; Watchbox Range, Glenhope, and Piper's Creek, B* 43; B” 27; B' 46, section 29, Spring Plains ; B' 80, Kangaroo Creek, S. of township ; in chiastolite slate of Sº 5; black slate of W.L.S. 5; W.L.S. 1, section 16, parish of Darrivill, Sutherland's Creek ; W.L. S. 2, section 84, parish of Coole Barghurk ; black glossy slates of creek W. side of Lerderberg, 2% miles N.W. of Lancefield Camp. ExPLANATION OF FIGUREs. Plate II.-Fig. 2, base of young specimen, natural size, showing the origin of the four short abruptly recurved branches from the short funicle. Fig. 2d, portion of specimen fig. 2 magnified, showing the form of the denticles and shape of cells. Fig. 3, another specimen with longer branches, natural size. Fig. 5, specimen with the usual width of the adult branches broken short at the ends. Fig. 5a, portion of ditto magnified. PLATE II., FIG. 4. GRAPTOLITES (DIDYMOGRAPSUS) OCTOBRACHIATUS (HALL SP.). DESCRIPTION.—Central stipe or vinculum straight, about 1% lines long, bifurcating equally at each end at an angle of 80°, with two branches, each about 3 of a line long, and these bifurcating each into 2 equal simple branches (8 in all), several inches in length ; the stipe and branches as far as a little beyond the last furcation are about , of a line wide, seem formed of a definite capillary tube, which extends along the plain edge of the branches; the branches at about 1 inch from the base are commonly ; of a line wide, but in some specimens from B" 43 they are l; lines wide, the denticles (5 to nearly 6 in 3 lines), very coarse, triangular, [ 17 * C Lower Silurian.] PALAFONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Graptolites. indenting the branch 3 of (or rarely only ¥) its width, the lower boundary line of each cell reaching the back at a point opposite the next lower cell point in the deeply indented examples, but reaches nearly to the next further one in others; lower margin straight, upper margin slightly convex, points in most specimens only slightly acute and not mucronate, and not recurved in any examples seen. REFERENCE:-(Hall), Can. Org. Rem., dec. 2, p. 96, t. 7–8. None of our specimens are so broad as many of the Canadian ones, but the number of denticles in a given space is usually the same at an inch or more from the base, and some of the Canadian specimens of this species are as narrow as the Australian ones, and the greater proportionate indentation and less obliquity of the cells agrees with the narrower American specimens, though seeming to differ from the broader ones; it is probable that the diversity is due only to a difference in the direction of the pressure the individuals were subjected to. Some of the specimens have 8 denticles in 3 lines close to the base, though only 6 or the normal American number of 5 on more distal parts of the branch. Some specimens seem to have only 7 branches, from 1 of the 4 primaries apparently not dividing. Common in the whitish slates, B* 78, Barker street, Castle- maine; common in the black Llandeilo flags of B" 43, Watchbox Range, Glenhope, and Piper's Creek, sheet 51 S.W. ; in the olive slates of B" 71, on the east bank of the Saltwater River, 1 mile from the Bacchus Marsh road ; B' 39; B' 27; B' 28; B' 2. ExPLANATION OF FIGURES. Plato II.-Fig. 4, specimen, natural size. Fig. 4a, portion of polypidom magnified to show form of cells. PLATE II., F. G. 6. * GRAPTOLITES (DIDYMOGRAPSUS) LOGANI (IIALL). VAR. AUSTRALIS (McCoy). Description.—Vinculum rather more than 1 line long with a short radicle or mucro in the middle. At each end of the vinculum 2 branches extend diverging at about 100° from each other, and rather shorter than the Vinculum, each [ 18 Lower Silurian.] P A LAEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Graptolites. branching into 2 nearly straight branches, a little more or less than 1 line long, each of these dividing into 2 (or occasionally 3 by a 4th furcation, about a line distant from the preceding one) nearly straight branches; the vinculum branches as far as a little beyond the 3rd or 4th bifurcation, about 3 of a line wide; beyond this the simple branches are several inches in length [and when compressed are slightly more than a line wide, including the point of the cell denticles which are about 18 in the space of an inch]; other specimens have as many as 28 in an inch, and are only 3 of a line wide: the cell denticles are sometimes on one side, sometimes on the other, only indenting the edge after the 3rd bifurcation from the centre; they project rather less than half the width of the branch, are acute, the upper edge moderately concave and the lower margin moderately oblique, arched and reaching the back margin opposite the point of the next but one lower denticle; the width of the branch from back to point of denticle about equal to 1% of the spaces between the denticles. The middle portion, before the 3rd or 4th or final branching, marked with an impressed central line representing the back tube of the branches. REFERENCE.—(Hall), Can. Org. Rem., dec. 2, p. 100, t. 9 and 11. I have enclosed in brackets [ ] the only characters in which the var. Australis differs from the ordinary Canadian types as made known by Hall, namely, a greater width (in one compressed specimen, B* 78) of the branches, and a smaller number of denticles in an inch by 10, according to Hall's description, but only of one according to his figures. The large specimen figured Bº 78 has 8 branches on one side of the vinculum and 10 on the other, as in many of the Canadian specimens. As Professor Hall considers the disposition of the branches the chief diagnostic character of his species, G. Logani, I refer the Australian form which is perfectly identical in this respect to it, indicating the two differences in measurement of some of the specimens, and affixing a geographical name to the variety for separate reference; in the same slates, however, at Castlemaine, are other specimens in which the branches are only ; of a line wide, and the denticles reach 27 or 2S in an inch, agreeing thus in all respects with the Canadian ones. Many specimens show only what Hall terms the outer side or non-celluli- ferous edge, so that the vinculum and branches, to an inch or more, show only as equal filiform rugged lines of the width of the tubular marginal canal which then occupies the middle, but which appears on the entire edge of denticulate specimens. Both the car. Australis and the typical forms finely developed in the black and whitish slate, B" 78, Barker street, Castlemaine ; in the black flags of B' 29, Newham, section 20 ; B' 27 : B 80, gully running from E. into Kangaroo Creek, S. of township ; [ 19 Lower Silurian.] PALAELONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Graptolites. W.L.S. 1, section 16, Darrivill, Sutherland's Creek; slates of Fº 17, Leigh River, three-quarters of a mile below junction of Cargarie Creek. ExPIANATION OF FIGUREs. Plate II.-Fig. 6, specimen, natural size, from Llandeilo flags of Barker street, Castlemaine. Fig. 6a, portion of polypidom magnified to show form of cells. FREDERICK McCoy. | 20 Plº /w/w/ ºne,…ſe/…///- "rol wº. wº PALA-0 nºru Lu Gºt of v10. To RIA ſºnal, a Hamel */ ---- |- ， |- -- ---- > S ~ |- s - - >-- ~~ … - - - |- … |- |- • • |- · |- -+ ） |---- ºlºnel - º - Pººlſ tº*/ dº- /. ºdwº ha-herº dº ſº. PALAE O N To Lo G Y of VI C T OR A. //ammaz, a y - Fººl º A ºn - ºw. º Mºy º ºw ºwn. -- *- - - - - - - - * - wº. Tertiary.] PALEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Mammalia. PLATEs III., IV., AND V. PHASCOLOMYS PLIOCENUS (McCoy). [Genus PHASCOLOMYS. (Sub-kingd. Vertebrata. Class Mammalia. Order Marsu- piata. Fam. Phascolomidae.) Gen. Char.—All the teeth with long curved hollow bases, destitute of solid fangs; incisors 3, canines 3, premolars 3, molars 3. The incisors are scalpriform ; the molars, except the first, are divided each into two nearly equal parts by a very deep inflection of the enamel on the outer side, and a shallow inflection on the inner side in the lower jaw, and the deeper inflection on the inner side in the upper series. Body short, thick ; tail rudimentary ; head large, depressed ; eyes and ears small ; legs short, nearly equal ; anterior feet, with five short stout toes, each with broad solid little-curved claws; hind feet with five toes, of which the inner one is very small, without claw, and placed at right angles to the others, which have curved claws, hollow below ; the three middle toes joined. Confined to Australia in the recent and fossil state.] DEscRIPTION.—Mandible. Symphysis terminating on a line with the middle of the anterior lobe of the 4th molar (M*); from anterior edge of incisors to hind edge of alveolus of last molar, 4 inches; length of molar series, 2 inches 2% lines; from anterior edge of alveolus of first molar (Dº) to edge of incisor, l inch 84 lines; width of diastema between hinder lobe of second molars, 9% lines, deeply concave ; anterior molar (Dº) obliquely ellipsoid in section. Width of anterior transverse diameter of the two incisors together, 7 lines; thickness in opposite direction, 3 lines; so that the width of each does not exceed the length. Ectacrotaphyte cavity deep. The coronoid is large, wide, and high, its anterior root arising from the alveolar wall of the last molar (M3), and not of the penultimate (M*), as in P. Mitchelli. In size, in the backward extension of the symphysis, and in the whole length of the dental series from edge of incisor to hind alveolus of last molar, this species agrees with the living naked- nosed Wombat, Phascolomys platyrhinus (Ow.), of the same localities; but it is easily distinguished by the great size of the molar series, these teeth being not only larger transversely, occupying a longer fore and aft space, but extending so very much nearer to the edge of the incisors as to afford an easy mode of discriminating the species. The figures on our Plate V. illustrate this clearly. If a horizontal line be taken across the upper part of the plate touching the edge of the incisors of the shaded figures 1 and 2, which belong to the P. pliocenus, and those of the outline figure 3, which is taken from the living P. platyrhinus, and if another line parallel to the first be taken so far down as will touch the anterior edge of the first molars of the shaded figures of our fossil species, it will be seen how far behind this line the first molars of the living species represented in outline are. If the whole length of the dental series from hind edge of last molar alveolus to front edge of incisor be taken as unity, the ratio to it of the molar series in the P. pliocenus is º, but only ++, in the most nearly allied recent species, the [ 21 Tertiary.] PAL/EONTOLOGY () F V1(YTORIA. [Mammalia. P. platyrhinus. The diastema is narrower between the molars in this fossil than in the recent species; and the portion in front of the anterior molar (Dº) is so much shorter in the fossil that it seems thicker or deeper, and the lower outline of the mandible rounded with a more uniform curve, than in the recent species, although the depth below the molar series is nearly alike in both. The anterior outlet of the dental canal is closer to the anterior molar than in P. platyrhinus, and the incisors are more compressed, or not nearly so wide in proportion to the thickness as in the living species, their vertical and transverse diameters being almost equal. Of fossil species it is only closely related to the P. Mitchelli (OW.), from the Wellington caves in New South Wales, but it differs in its much larger molars, and in the symphysis extending behind the third molar instead of only behind the second, as in P. Mitchel/i. This is the first fossil ever found, as far as I know, in our Victorian gold drifts, the specimen figured on Plates III. and IV. having been cut out of the hard ferruginous gold cement of Dunolly. It is one of the important specimens we owe to my friend, Mr. J. A. Panton, Warden of Bendigo at the time of its discovery, and is of great interest as thus showing that our gold drifts are not “alluvial,” but of the more ancient Pliocene Tertiary period, at least as old as the Mammaliferous Crag ; thus correspond- ing in age with the gold drifts of the Ural. The species occurs also commonly in various superficial localities in clays, with the Macropus Tifan, and M. Atlas and other extinct forms. Fºx PLANATION OF FIG UIREs. Plate III.-Figure of mandible embedded in the hard gold cement of Dunolly viewed from above, natural size. Plate IV.-Fig. 1, same specimon viewed from the side. Fig. la, view of condyle. Plate V.-Fig. 1, portion of lower jaw vic wed from above, natural size, showing symphysis complete at the back, but imperfect in front, and the whole of the molar series complete. From the shorcs of Lake Bullen-inerri, near Camperdown. Fig. 1 a, transverse section of incisors showing the compression. Fig. 2, same view of another specimen, showing the symphysis complete from the post crior to the anterior margin, but wanting the last molar and condyle, natural size. Fig. 2d, transverse section of incisors showing the compression or great vertical diameter of each. I’ig. 2b, side view of same specimen, showing the form of the under contour of the jaw, and the position of the ectacrotaphite cavity. Tig. 3, outline of corresponding part of the living Phascolomys platyrhinus, showing the more backward place of the anterior molars, natural size. Fig. 3a, transverse section of incisors, showing their greater comparative lateral extension. Fig. 36, outline lateral view of same specimen to contrast with fig. 20 in the more backward position of the anterior commence- ment of the molar series, and the more slender form of the jaw between them and the incisors. FREDERICK McCoy. [ 22 A-Z ſº --------- -------- PALAB O N TO LOGY C. F V CTO R A ^^e-º-º/º *------ --- - Tertiary.] PALEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Mollusca. PLATE VI. Fic. 1. VOLUTA HANNAFORDI (McCoy.) [Genus VOLUTA (LAM.). (Sub-kingd. Mollusca. Class Gasteropoda. Order Pectini- branchiata. Fam. Volutidae.) Gen. Char.—Shell ovate or fusiform ; apex of spire obtuse, mammillated, and oblique ; aperture large, with a wide notch in front, not produced into a canal; columella or inner lip with several large oblique prolminent plaits, of which the anterior ones are largest.] Description.—Broad fusiform; pullus at apex of spire, very large smooth spheroidal, of little more than 1% turns; spire conical, apical angle 70°, of 4 whorls (besides the pullus), each obtusely angulated in the middle, and having on the angle from 14 to 17 large nodose tubercles, obtuse and conoidal on the body whorl, on which the smaller number is found, more elongate on those of the spire, on the upper of which the greater number occur; the oblique space between the tubercles and the suture marked with narrow slightly undulating thread-like spiral ridges, irregularly alternating in thickness; below the tubercles the body whorl is smooth or marked with obtuse lines of growth until the anterior extremity, which is marked by thick obtuse spiral striae crossing the lines of growth; but the young whorls, or vertical portion of the smaller turns of the spire, are marked with spiral striae slightly larger and less distinct than those of the posterior portion; and, finally, in very large, old specimens, the spiral striae on the space above the tubercles are reduced to a few near the suture. Outer lip in adults greatly dilated into an oblong wing, with a broadly rounded, auriculate posterior margin rising nearly up to the suture of the penultimate whorl for attachment ; outer margin nearly straight, thin and slightly inflected, ending at the narrowed anterior end in a moderately deep sigmoid respiratory notch, which does not form a crest; inner lip excessively thin, spreading as a slight glaze over a part of the body whorl; columella slightly sigmoid and flattened towards the anterior end, with 3 large, equal, very prominent, compressed, widely separated oblique plaits, behind which, in some examples, are 1 or 2 closer and smaller ones, usually absent; aperture moderately large, oblong. Length of small perfect specimen, 6 inches; proportional length of body whorl, ſº, ; of penultimate whorl, i; ; antepenultmiate, 135; preceding whorl, Tän length of pullus, ràn diameter of pullus, 3% ; diameter of succeeding whorl at suture, rºw ; length of wing, ſº : greatest width of body whorl and wing, Hº ; of penultimate whorl, Hº ; ordinary length of pullus, 6 lines; diameter, 7 lines, So disproportionably large and smooth does the pullus or young nucleus on the top of the spire appear, that it looks like a compara- tively large Natica or Helia artificially stuck on the comparatively slender, rugosely modulated and striated spire ; its disproportion far exceeding the greatest living instance of such an incongruity, the recent ſoluta mammilla. The first very large specimen seen was presented to the National Museum by Mr. Hannaford, of Warrnambool, an enthusiastic naturalist, after whom I have great [ 23 Tertiary.] PAL/EONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA [Mollusca. pleasure in naming the species. This specimen having the apex absent, and the outer lip and the anterior end of the columella broken off, as well as possessing two unusual small extra plaits behind the others, looked so much more like a Fasciolaria than a Voluta, that in my manuscript I used the former generic name until I saw other specimens showing the true character of the notched anterior end, mammillary spire, &c. There is no known recent or fossil species at all approaching it in general characters. Rare in Oligocene Tertiary clays of Muddy Creek, near junction with Grange Burn, 5 miles from Hamilton. One very large imper- fect specimen, presented by Mr. Hannaford, from the clays of Port Fairy, Warrnambool, where it occurs with several other species of the Mount Eliza beds. Rather rare in the clays near the foot of Mount Eliza, in Hobson's Bay, from whence the perfect figured specimen was obtained, as well as a few fragments of the spire, with the large nucleus attached. Rare in the clays of Orphan Asylum reserve, Fyans Ford, A" 28. Rare in the Oligocene Ter- tiary clays near Mount Martha. ExI LAN ATION OF FIGURE. Plate VI.-Fig. 1, back viow of specimen, natural size. PLATE VI., FIG.S. 2–4. VOLUTA ANTI-CINGULATA (McCoy). DESCRIPTION.—Ovate; spire moderately acute (apical º varying from 55° to 65°, usually 60°), of 5 slightly convex sculptured gradually increasing whorls, and a rounded smooth small swollen nucleus of 1% turns ; sutures turreted or sub- canaliculate by a narrow, flattened, or hollow space, separating the sutural line of conoidal tubercles, which are on the other side separated from the obtuse tubercular ends of a nearly straight longitudinal rib, by a deep spiral constriction or channel, seeming to cut the ribs to the depth of the spaces between them ; body whorl obtusely rounded at the shoulder, rounding abruptly to the sub-sutural channel, and conoidally attenuated, tapering to a narrow slightly emarginate front; ribs thick, obtusely rounded (usually 19, to 15 rarely, and in one case 24, in last whorl), usually [ 24 Tertiary.] PALEONTC) LOGY OF VICTORIA. [Mollusca. PLATE V1., FI (;. 1. VOLUTA HANNAFORDI (McCoy.) [Genus VOLUTA (LAM.). (Sub-kingd. Mollusca. Class Gasteropoda. Order Peetini- branchiata. Fam. Volutidae.) Gen. Char.—Shell ovate or fusiform ; apex of spire obtuse, mammillated, and oblique ; aperture large, with a wide notch in front, not produced into a canal; columella or inner lip with several large oblique prominent plaits, of which the anterior ones are largest.] Description.—Broad fusiform; pullus at apex of spire, very large smooth spheroidal, of little more than 13 turns; spire conical, apical angle 70°, of 4 whorls (besides the pullus), each obtusely angulated in the middle, and having on the angle from 14 to 17 large nodose tubercles, obtuse and conoidal on the body whorl, on which the smaller number is found, more elongate on those of the spire, on the upper of which the greater number occur; the oblique space between the tubercles and the suture marked with narrow slightly undulating thread-like spiral ridges, irregularly alternating in thickness; below the tubercles the body j is smooth or marked with obtuse lines of growth until the anterior extremity, which is marked by thick obtuse spiral striae crossing the lines of growth; but the young whorls, or vertical portion of the smaller turns of the spire, are marked with spiral striae slightly larger and, less distinct than those of the posterior portion; and, finally, in very large, old specimens, the spiral striae on the space above the tubercles are reduced to a few near i. suture. Outer lip in adults greatly dilated into an oblong wing, with a broadly rounded, auriculate posterior margin rising nearly up to the suture of the penultimate whorl for attachment ; outer margin nearly straight, thin and slightly inflected, ending at the narrowed anterior end in a moderately deep sigmoid respiratory notch, which does not form a crest; inner lip excessively thin, spreading as a slight glaze over a part of the body whorl; columella slightly sigmoid and flattened towards the anterior end, with 3 large, equal, very prominent, compressed, widely separated oblique plaits, behind which, in some examples, are 1 or 2 closer and smaller ones, usually absent; aperture moderately, large, oblong. Length of small perfect specimen, 6 inches; proportional length of body whorl, ſº ; of penultimate whorl, jº, ; antepenultmiate, Tºn; preceding whorl, Tân length of pullus, ràn diameter of pullus, 3% ; diameter of succeeding whorl at suture, rºw ; length of wing, ſº : greatest width of body whorl and wing, Hº ; of penultimate whorl, Hº ; ordinary * * p length of pullus, 6 lines; diameter, 7 lines. So disproportionably large and smooth does the pullus or young nucleus on the top of the spire appear, that it looks like a compara- tively large Natica or Helia artificially stuck on the comparatively slender, rugosely nodulated and striated spire ; its disproportion far exceeding the greatest living instance of such an incongruity, the recent ſoluta mammilla. The first very large specimen seen was presented to the National Museum by Mr. Hannaford, of Warrnambool, an enthusiastic maturalist, after whom I have great [ 23 Tertiary.] PALAFONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Mollusca. pleasure in naming the species. This specimen having the apex absent, and the outer lip and the anterior end of the columella broken off, as well as possessing two unusual small extra plaits behind the others, looked so much more like a Fasciolaria than a Voluta, that in my manuscript I used the former generic name until I saw other specimens showing the true character of the notched anterior end, mammillary spire, &c. There is no known recent or fossil species at all approaching it in general characters. Rare in Oligocene Tertiary clays of Muddy Creek, near junction with Grange Burn, 5 miles from Hamilton. One very large imper- fect specimen, presented by Mr. Hannaford, from the clays of Port Fairy Warrnambool, where it occurs with several other species of the Mount Eliza beds. Rather rare in the clays near the foot of Mount Eliza, in Hobson's Bay, from whence the perfect figured specimen was obtained, as well as a few fragments of the spire, with the large nucleus attached. Rare in the clays of Orphan Asylum reserve, Fyans Ford, A" 28. Rare in the Oligocene Ter- tiary clays near Mount Martha. Ex1' LAN ATION OF FIGURE. Plate VI.-Fig. 1, back view of specimen, natural size. PLATE VI., FIG.S. 2–4. VOLUTA ANTI-CINGULATA (McCoy). DESCRIPTION.—Ovate; spire moderately acute (apical º varying from 55° to 65°, usually 60°), of 5 slightly convex sculptured gradually increasing whorls, and a ſº smooth small swollen nucleus of 1% turns; sutures turreted or sub- canaliculate by a narrow, flattened, or hollow space, separating the sutural line of conoidal tubercles, which are on the other side separated from the obtuse tubercular ends of a nearly straight longitudinal rib, by a deep spiral constriction or channel, seeming to cut the ribs to the depth of the spaces between them ; body whorl obtusely rounded at the shoulder, rounding abruptly to the sub-sutural channel, and conoidally attenuated, tapering to a narrow slightly emarginate front; ribs thick, obtusely rounded (usually 19, to 15 rarely, and in one case 24, in last whorl), usually [ 24 Tertiary.] PALAEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Mollusca. § becoming obsolete at about half the length of the body whorl (sometimes shorter and often somewhat longer), but becoming very prominent, and separated by rather wider deep concave spaces on the shoulder, where each terminates in an obtusely rounded end at the constriction or sub-sutural groove, above which each rib seems continued as a blunt conoidal tubercle, above which moniliform rows of tubercles, a narrow step-like undulated flattened or slightly concave space extends to the suture, perpendicular to the axis. Lower or anterior half of body whorl strongly marked with transverse or obliquely spiral deep narrow sulci, having broader flattened spaces between them, occasionally extending, more faintly marked, a further variable distance towards the suture. Mouth, with a slight posterior channel, oblong, narrowed in front; outer lip smooth within (edge sometimes very faintly crenulated in old individuals); inner lip slightly curved, with 4 slender oblique nearly equal plaits about the middle, the anterior slightly larger than the posterior; occasionally traces of a very small 5th plait occur. Usual length, 1 inch 9 lines; proportional length of body whorl, ſº, to #: ; penultimate whorl, Hº, to Tºo; width, ſº to ſº. Young, 5 lines long; body whorl, ſº, ; penultimate whorl, Tº ; width, Hº ; at this size only 3 sculptured whorls and the pullus; 22 ribs on body whorl. Some specimens show that the mouth was dark-violet within. From the examination of a great number of specimens from the Lower Miocene or “Tongrien" beds of Lattorf, near Bernberg, I long ago satisfied myself that the V. suturalis and P. cingulata of Nyst were only extreme varieties of one species, and Beyrich seems somewhat inclined to the same opinion, from examination of a larger number of specimens from other localities, of one of the varieties at least, than Nyst seems to have had of either, as he marks them both as rare in his “Coquilles et Polypiers Fossiles de Belgique ; ” and the latter name would be the best to retain, as it indicates the remarkable girding of the whorls by the deep sulcus or constriction which seems to cut off a sub-sutural row of tubercles from the ends of the longitudinal ribs in the most common variety; still, as in the V. bulbula (Lam.), to which Nyst likens his V. suturalis, specimens may be found showing all the passages between the most strongly marked sub-sutural sulcus and its entire absence ; the latter variety I mark 3 indivisa, and in it the ribs are often fewer and more sigmoid, and the shell narrower, than in the ordinary forms, though none of these characters are constant ; in this variety the spiral striae are often confined to the anterior base of the shell, leaving the body whorl and ribs smooth and polished. War, a persuſcata has the ribs rather more numerous and straighter than the ordinary type, and the spiral striae very strongly marked over the whole body whorl and spire, so as to be in this respect intermediate between the Hampshire Barton clay P. ambigua and [ 25 TY Tertiary.] PA I, AEONTOLOGY ()F VICTORIA. [Mollusca. V. digitalina; in this variety the teeth sometimes reach 6 or 7. A similar range of variety is to be found in the present Australian species, which, in this respect, as in almost all others, is such an exact representative of the European V. cingulata of the same age that I have named it V. anti-cingulata as a representative of it. The obtuse swollen papillary “pullus” to the top of the spire readily separates it generically on comparison of specimens, and the sutural space of the Australian species is never so deep or concave as in its European prototype, in which also the plaits on the columella are very much less conspicuous and more oblique, the anterior one alone approaching the size of the four on the V. anti-cingulata. The spire has one sculptured whorl fewer than in V. cingulata of Germany. There is no living species like it. Very abundant, with occasionally the B var., and more rarely the a var. persulcata, in the Tertiary sands of the Bird Rock, beds A* 22 and 21, less so in A* 23 ; both varieties common in the sandy beds A" 24. ExPLANATION OF FIGUREs. Plate VI.-Fig. 2, front view of average specimon, natural size. Fig. 2a, do., back view. Fig. 3, young specimen, natural size. Fig. 4, outline of spire magnific d 2 diameters. Not E.—In the larger specimon figured, the ribs arc straighter or less sigmoid than usual, and the striae rather more distinct than in many specimens on the posterior or sutural half of the body whorl. PLATE VI., FIG. 5. VOLUTA ANTI-SCALARIS (McCoy). DEscRIPTION.—Ovate, moderately ventricose, rather abruptly attenuated towards the front; spire moderately acute, apical º 65° to 70°, of 4 to 5 whorls and a rounded, swollen, smooth, oblique nucleus at the tip of 1% turns; body whorl with about 16 to 24 angular slightly sigmoid longitudinal ribs extending rather less than half way to the front, narrow and sharp in the young, wider and more obtusely angular in adults, becoming gradually obsolete in front, each ending in a sharp conical tubercle crowning the obtusely angulated shoulder; a second row of smaller conical pointed tubercles surmounts the larger on each whorl; the space between the two rows is deeply concave and rather wider than the interval between the correspond- ing larger tubercles; the space between the upper row and the suture is flattened, [ 26 J Tertiary.] PAI, AEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Mollusca. nearly horizontal, and about half as wide as the space between the two rows; both spaces marked only by the coarse lines of growth. Whorls anterior to the tubercles crossed by deep narrow spiral sulci, having flat spaces between them about equal to half the distance of the longitudinal ribs from each other, usually about 3 of these spiral striae visible on each of the whorls of the spire, crossing the longitudinal ridges. Pillar folds slender, widely separated oblique, 3 or 4; the 3rd or 4th when it exists, posterior, abruptly smaller than the 2 anterior plaits. Outer lip thin, smooth. Length of large specimen, 2 inches; proportional length of body whorl, #6%; penultimate whorl, º, ; greatest width, 4% to ſº. Specimen 8 lines long gives ill the same proportional measurements. A careful comparison of specimens of the true Volutilites scalaris (Sow. sp.), from the middle Eocene beds of the Isle of Wight and Barton, will show (what none of the existing figures or descriptions would) that our species, which I have named Voluta anti-scalaris, is not identical, but a most remarkable instance of a representative form, distinguished with apparent doubt perhaps by a slightly longer spire, less ventricose body, and the ribs less twisted at their anterior end, but with perfect certainty, by the spire, which in the European species is sharply pointed (in accordance with the genus Volutilites, Swain.), and of 8 or 9 gradually and regularly tapering whorls, the apical 2 or 3 smooth, while in the Victorian species it terminates in an obtusely rounded smooth swollen nucleus or “pullus” of 1% turns, below which are only 5 sculptured whorls in adult individuals. In accordance with the slightly more slender form, the pillar is less curved than in the English species, and the plaits slightly thinner and more oblique; the number of ribs in a whorl is greater, being about 14 or 15 in the English species, but in all other characters the coincidence or representation of characters is so complete that, if the tip of the spire were in each case absent, the nicest eye could scarce separate them : yet the distinguishing character is one of such importance, and so invariable, that there can be no doubt of its marking a perfectly distinct species. This species is also closely allied to the P. nodosa (Sow.) of the Hampshire Eocene Tertiary, Barton clay, and Bracklesham beds, but may be distinguished by the upper row of tubercles of the spiral whorls being distinctly separated from the suture by a space equalling about half the width of the space between the upper and lower rows of tubercles on each whorl as V. scalaris is. [ 27 ) Tertiary.] PALAEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Mollusca. One or two very old thick specimens show a spreading inner lip, and a very faint indication in some lights of a crenulation on the edge of the outer lip; and the plaits are thicker, and in one case an intermediate 5th plait appears. Common in the Tertiary clays of A" 14, parish of Moolap; a variety not uncommon in Oligocene Tertiary clays of Orphan Asylum reserve, Fyans Ford, A* 28. Not uncommon in blue Tertiary clays and limestone, near Mount Martha. War. a levior has the apical angle 65° to 70°, often a 4th small columellar plait, and the spiral, transverse sulci become nearly or quite obsolete near the spinous shoulder, and sometimes on more than half of the body whorl, as well as on the whorls of the spire ; it is also a little stronger, but is certainly only a variety. In clays and limestone, Mount Martha. ExPLANATION OF FIGUREs. Plate VI.—Fig. 5, front view of average specimen, natural size. Fig. 5a, do., back view. Fig. 5b, outline of spire magnified. Fig. 6, outline of spire of V. cingulata (Sow.) from the Barton clay of Hampshire, showing the regular acute spire for comparison with the Australian species. The two un-numbered figures are front and back views of younger specimcus of the V. anti-scalaris. FREDERICK McCoy. [ 28 | AZ ſº PAL AF O N TO LOGY OF V CTO R A. Zerº Mºcº ----- º-ºº-º-º-º-º-º: *º-º-º-º: º-º-º-º-º-º: Tertiary.] PALAEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Mollusca. PLATE VII., FIGs. 1–4. º VOLUTA MACROPTERA (McCoy). DESCRIPTION.—Shell fusiform, until nearly adult, when the outer lip becomes dilated into a very large thin-edged, triangular flattened wing, the outer margin of which is slightly convex, the posterior margin slightly concave, running up halfway to the suture of the penultimate whorl in a slight channel; the approximately rectan- gular junction of the outer and posterior margins broadly rounded. Apical angle about 55° in middle-aged specimens, and 35° in young ones 1% inches long. Spire with a concave outline of 4 rapidly enlarging whorls and a mammillary cap-shaped pullus of 13 half-turns, the basal half-turn of the pullus less than half the width of the next succeeding turn of the spire, the remaining turn nipple-shaped with a small excentric projecting apex; the length of the pullus equalling once and a half the width of the next following turn of the spire; turns of the spire embracing the preceding one at the suture, near which they are concave, then forming a convex shoulder and Inearly parallel with the axis of the shell below; body whorl fusiformly narrowed in front and marked with a broad sigmoid siphonal notch, without anterior crest or ridge. Inner lip excessively thin, moderately spreading; plaits of the columella, 4, widely separated, very prominent, narrow, moderately oblique, the 3 anterior nearly equal, the posterior one smaller. Aperture moderately wide, oblong, narrowed above and below, becoming effuse with age. Pullus smooth ; the next two turns of the i. with excessively fine spiral striae, only visible with the lens (about 10 or 11 in the space of 1 line); rest of the spire and body whorl smooth or marked with fine lines of growth. Length of pullus, 4 lines; width of ditto, 3 lines; length of adult (including the pullus, which is 3 lines), 6 inches; proportional length of body whorl, *; length of wing, 3% ; width of body and wing, #5%; width of body on inside of base of aperture, Hºy. There is no living or fossil species at all like the present, in the large thin angular wing-shaped outer lip and fusiform body. Young specimens 1% inches long are irregularly fusiform, of two whorls in addition to the pullus of nearly two. The layer of shell bearing the microscopic spiral striae seems very liable to fall off, leaving the whorls only marked by the lines of growth. • Not uncommon in the passage beds of the Tertiary sands (A* 22) at Bird Rock, near Geelong. Explax ATION OF FIGURES. Plate VII.-Fig. 1, back view of specimen, natural size, the tip broken. Fig. 2, front view of portion of specimen, natural size, showing mammillated apex of spire and adult form of outer lip. Fig 3, front view, natural size, of specimen, showing the apex of spire and form of plaits on the columella. Fig. 4, front view of very young specimen, natural size, showing undilated outer lip, the folds on the pillar, and the mammillated apex of the spire as large as in the adult. FREDERICK McCoy. [ 29 | º ºr 'º Prº Wºº- PAL/EON TO LOGY OF VI C T OR 1 A. f //esozozo (ow///w/º) Mesozoic Coal Strata.] PALAFONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Plants. PLATE VIII. Note.—The Gymnospermous plants represented on this plate present some special points of interest in connection with the well- known popular impression amongst geologists that the recent Fauna and Flora of Australia have a far closer relation to the Fauna and Flora of the Oolitic period than is to be found between the fossils of that epoch and the living denizens of any other part of the earth, and also in a botanical point of view as tending to diminish still farther the assumed differences between the two sections of Gymno- sperma, the Cycadea, and the Pines. The difficulty for the palaeon- tologist who has not the more perishable parts of the fructification to guide him, and can only deal with the foliage and the cones, is now greater than ever. I quite agree with Mr. Carruthers in his reference of many of the species of so-called Zamites found in the Oolitic and more recent formations to the Pinites; and a special difficulty which has not hitherto occurred is presented by the plants on the present plate. Until recently the simple pinnation of the foliage of the Cycadeous plants, such as Zamia, was without exception ; but the discovery in Queensland of the bipinnate Zamiae, constituting the genus Bowenia (named after Sir G. Bowen, the present Governor of Victoria), gives us a compound foliage other- wise unknown amongst the Cycadeae, but which I think it possible may ultimately be found in the Zamiſes Barklyi here figured, in which I suspect the two parallel portions on the piece of stone represented in our plate are really lateral divisions of a great bipinnate growth. If this fossil should ultimately prove to be bipinnate, and truly distichous, I would propose the subgeneric name Bowenites for such compound fossil Cycadea as in this respect resemble the recent Bowenia, the only known species of which, like our fossils, has the leaflets also narrowed at the base, approaching in shape, ridging, and striation, &c., to our Z. ellipticus. On the other hand, I have lately found in these same Bellarine rocks a [ 31 ) Mesozoic Coal Strata.] PALAEONT()L()(; Y () F VICTORIA. [Plants. plant so closely related to the Z. ellipticus that I cannot help suspecting an affinity, in which the rachis or stalk is bipinnate, and the leaflets resemble those of Podozamia or Bowenia among the Cycads, but are apparently here and there in four rows, just as com- pletely resembling the bipinnate branches and leaves of the Austra- lian form of Araucaria, the A. Bidwilli, or bunya-bunya, in which the leaves differ from those of the American Araucariae in being contracted at base to a narrow petiole, and, in greater part of the branches, being in two rows, and having the shape, texture, ridging, and striation of the Bowenia and other Cycads, but here and there (like the fossils I allude to) showing by occasional four rows of leaflets (or at least one leaflet appearing in some irregular intervals between the ordinary two rows lying in one plane, as in the foliage of the Cycads) that the distichous appearance is due to a spiral arrangement, the successive leaves of which appear just on opposite sides of a branch at intervals generally of 180°, but occasionally separated by only 90° ; and as in the fossil which I shall shortly figure the rachis is so thick and clumsy as to more resemble a branch, I propose the subgeneric term Bunyalites (from the native name of the recent type) for these forms, which could not be placed under the genus Araucarites, used by geologists for fossils (allied to, if not identical with, the Lycopodites) having, like the American living Araucariae, the leaves thick, short, fleshy, widest at base of attachment, carniated, and in several rows. It is quite possible the Z. ellipticus may prove, on more perfect specimens occurring, to have a similar structure as the thickness of the rachis, or branch in that case, would lead us to suspect. The fruit found with these remains are not sufficiently perfectly preserved to determine their affinity with certainty, but they are much more like in appearance the fruit of the fossil Zamiae of the Yorkshire Oolites than the Araucarian type. Under any circum- stance of the ultimate affinity of these Australian fossil plants proving to be with one section or the other of the Gymnosperma, they are equally unlike any Palaeozoic types, and in one case as in the other are entirely indicative rather of the more recent geolo- gical periods, although impressed with so strong a local peculiarity as to have no great resemblance to any species known elsewhere. [ 32 Mesozoic Coal Strata.] PALAEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Plants. PLATE VIII., FIGS. 1, 2, AND 5. ZAMITES (PODOZAMITES) BARKLYI (McCoy). [Genus ZAMITES (BRONG.). (Class Exogena; sub-class Monochlamydea ; $ 2 Gymno- spermas. Order Cycadacea.) g * Gen. Char.—Leaves pinnate ; pinnae or leaflets distichous, entire, or denticulate, approxi- - mate subimbricate pointed ; base sub-constricted and attached by its whole width, or dilated, or auriculate, or cordate, and adhering only by the midrib, occasionally thickened. Weins fine, equal, all parallel, or rarely slightly divergent, and doubtfully dichotomous in some. The species, with very approximate imbricating leaflets, with cordate base attached by the middle, form Morris' genus Ptilophyllum and Otozamites of Braun. The remaining species, with only slightly contracted base, attached by its whole width, are Podozamites of Braun. The slight longitudinal thickening, like a midrib or plication, seen in some species is quite distinct from the true veining or neuration which overlies it. The fruit is strobiliform, oval, pendun- culated, with large, spirally-arranged, imbricating scales. Stem cylindrical, sometimes as broad as long ; no distinct axis ; cicatrices rhomboidal. * Sub-gen–Podozamites.—Base of pinnae constricted; nerves sub-parallel, converging at apex; not conspicuously branched.] Description.—Fronds from 13 to 2% inches wide; rachis thick (about 1% lines wide); pinnules close set, narrow linear, elliptically pointed at the distal end (about 1 inch 5 lines long, and 1 line wide in var. gracilis, and 1 inch 3 lines long, and 13 lines wide in var. lation), abruptly contracted to the base, the narrowed lowest portion of which is obliquely inserted in two very slightly alternate, or nearly opposite rows; basal portion, with about 10 or 12 narrow, equal, rounded, longitudinal ridges, which usually become obsolete towards the distal half, on which often only 3 large ridges or undulations can be seen; the surface has about 50 to 70 longitudinal striae in the width of a pinnule. The bases of the pinnules are nearly opposite, and, from their narrowness, seem rather widely separated, though only far enough apart to allow the edges of the broader portion to nearly touch the adjoining edges of the next ones. Dedicated to Sir Henry Barkly, formerly Governor of Victoria, in commemoration of the lively interest he has taken for some years in one of the nicest and most difficult questions of critical Palaeontology with which Australian geologists have had to deal, and which continues to excite the doubts and frequent discussions of European, Indian, and American geologists—namely, whether the fossil flora associated with the coal of Newcastle, N. S. Wales, Tasmania, and the neighborhood of Melbourne, be Mesozoic or Palaeozoic—a question. which I believe to be now set at rest by the continued discovery of Mesozoic forms, and the continued absence of the characteristic Palaeozoic genera. The three species of Zamia- like plants now made known were among the specimens sent to me by Mr. Daintree (formerly of the Geological Survey of Victoria, now Agent-General for Queensland), from one of the shafts sunk by his party at Bellarine, between Queenscliff and | 33 1. 4– Mesozoic Coal Strata.] PALAEONTOLOGY () F VICTORIA. [Plants. Geelong, in search of coal, which he found in small quantity. As far as the specimens go, they present the characters of Podo- 2dmites; but I think in them we have an additional link between the Cycads and Firs. Lindley points out that the cones of Dion amongst the Cycads, and Araucaria amongst the Firs, can scarcely be distinguished ; and I would point out that the peculiar foliage of an Australian Araucaria, the A. Bidwilli, if fossilised, could not be distinguished in fragments as large as our fossils from Zamites. As our present specimens are unbranched, and with two rows of pinnae, I am bound to refer them to Zamites ; but I have another plant from the same beds, with nearly identical pinnae in four rows, and branched, which I shall shortly figure under the generic name Bunyalites, showing an insensible blending between the two great sections of Gymnosperms as far as foliage is concerned. In these, Bellarine beds the Pecopteris Australis also occurs, a species which is to be seen with the Glossopteris Browniana of the Newcastle coal beds, on one bit of stone in the survey collections from Tasmania, thus carrying our Gymnospermous plants of Bellarine to the Palaeontological account of both the Tasmanian and N. S. Wales coal seams. There is some slight variation in the amount of alternation or oppositness of the pinnules in different specimens; but I attach no specific importance to this, as I observe in the recent Zamia Preissi the pinnules occasionally opposite near the tip of the frond, but perfectly alternate towards the base. Also, as in the recent examples, the upper surface is more nearly smooth, and the lower surface of the pinnules more distinctly ridged. At first sight, in size and shape, this nearly resembles the common Zamia hastula of the Yorkshire Oolitic coal beds, but is easily distinguished by its smoother surface and the contracted base of the pinnae or leaflets. I.x I LAN ATION OF FIGURES. Plate VIII.—Fig. 1, specimen, natural size of the var. gracilis. Fig. 2, portion of rather larger frond, natural size, with somewhat broader pinnules. Fig. 2d, magnific d section, showing the thickness of the pinnules. Jºig. 2b, portion of surface, with many ridges magnified, showing the superficial striae. Fig. 20, one of the pinnules less magnifica, showing only two or three ridges. Fig. 5, portion, natural size of the var. latior. Fig. 5a, portion of pinnule beyond the middle, showing the superficial striae and only three ridges. Fig. 5b, base of same pinnule, showing twelve ridges. [ 34 J Mesozoic Coal Strata.] PA I, AEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Plants. PLATE VIII., F.I.G. 4. ZAMITES (PODOZAMITES) ELLIPTICUS (McCoy). DESCRIPTION.—Fronds about 24 inches wide; rachis very thick, about 2 lines wide ; pinnules elliptical, scarcely touching ; varying in width, from 13 inches long and 3% lines wide, to 1 inch 1 line long and 2 lines wide; substance thick, usually showing only 3 obtuse ridges, but sometimes 11 smaller, the whole covered with a very fine longitudinal striation; base of pinnules contracted and inserted obliquely on the rachis, in a slightly alternate order, or nearly opposite. This is easily distinguished from the Z. Barklyi by the much thicker rachis, the broader oval form of the pinnules, and their thicker substance. I have just received some specimens nearly like this plant in foliage, but having indications of the leaflets or leaves being in four instead of in two rows, and having a branching stem, recalling the Lycopodites Williamsoni of the Scarborough Oolites, but with the leaves flat and elliptical, instead of thick, carinate, and falcated. I should propose the name Bunyaliſes for these fossil forms which approach Araucarites in many respects and have branching stems, but with the leaves contracted at the base, as in the Podozamites and Araucaria Bidwilli, or bunya-bunya. Along with these plants are also fruit cones, resembling the Oolitic Zamiostrobus, as far as their character can be seen. Expl.AN ATION OF FIGUREs. l’late VIII.-Fig. 4, specimen of part of frond, natural size. PLAT E VIII., F.I.G. 3, ZAMITES LONGIFOLIUS (McCoy). DESCRIPTION.—Fronds about 10 lines wide; rachis about 3 a line thick; pinnae slightly contracted and obliquely inserted at base, closely arranged in two rows, standing nearly at right angles to the rachis, except at the curved base; pinnae [ 35 ) Mesozoic Coal Strata.] PALAFONTOLOGY OF WICTORIA. [Plants. linear, narrow, elliptically pointed at apex, about 5 lines long, and # a line wide; midrib distinct, with fine parallel longitudinal striae. At first sight this resembles the Zamites tarinea of the Yorkshire Oolites, but is still smaller and even more like a yew from the distinctness of the midrib ; it differs more essentially in the contracted base and oblique insertion of the leaflets. The strong midrib approximates the species to Cycadites, but it varies in some pinnae, and the contracted oblique base of the pinnae prevents a reference to that genus. This plant is not so common as the other Gymnosperms in the coal shale at Bellarine, where I have seen about half a dozen specimens. ExPLANATION OF FIGURE.8. Plate VIII.—Fig. 3, specimen, natural size. Fig. 3a, portion highly magnified to show the striation. Fig. 3b, one of the pinnules magnified four diameters. FREDERICK McCoy. | 36 AZ. Lº PALA-ON TO LOC Y OF v CTO RIA º º º/ ºzzº ºw ºº ea º º -- ºn Carboniferous Series.] PALAEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Palaeozoic Coal Plants. PLATE IX. LEPIDODENDRON (BERGERIA) AUSTRALE (McCoy). [Genus LEPIDODENDRON (STERNBERG). (Class Acotyledones. Sub-class Acrogenae. Order Lycopodiaceae). Gen. Char.—Large trees with dichotomous branches; surface closely covered with alternately arranged, rhombic scars, having a vascular cicatrix near the middle or upper angle. Leaves linear or peltate ; fruit, a cone at the extremity of certain branches.] [Sub-genus.-Bergeria (Presl.). Scars nearly flat, obovate, rhombic, or quadrate, with a very Small oval vascular cicatrix near upper angle.] Description.—Stem at 2 inches in diameter having rhombic scars with straight thick boundaries, about 4 lines long and 3% lines wide, with a very small, oval, rounded, vascular cicatrix rarely near the middle or more usually excentric towards the upper angle, and often connected with the appearance of a vertical shallow rounded sulcus; branches 1 inch in diameter, having similar scars 3 lines long and 23 lines wide ; upper and lower angles of the scars usually slightly more acute than the lateral ones, very rarely the lateral ones more acute. These most characteristic plants, the Lepidodendra, occurring in the utmost profusion everywhere in the Palaeozoic coal measures of every part of Europe, and equally abundant in the coal measures of the same geological age in America, have roots which constitute the genus Stigmaria; cone-like fruit constituting the genus Lepi- dostrobus : casts of variously preserved internal parts constituting the genera Knorria, Sternbergia, &c.; and great fluted trunks in some kinds constituting the genus Sigillaria ; and foliage consti- tuting the genus Cyperites, &c.; all which various appearances of different parts or conditions of these plants abound in, and form the most characteristic palaeontological marks of the Palaeozoic coal measures, and not one of which has ever yet been found, up to the present date, in the coal strata of New South Wales or Victoria, as far as my enquiries, under most favourable circumstances, have gone. I have, many years ago, however, published the occurrence of the genus both in the northern part of New South Wales and in Victoria, but in both cases entirely unconnected with the beds yielding the coal, which I have long maintained to be of the Mesozoic age, from the absence of Calamites and the above- named Palaeozoic coal plants, and from the presence of Taeniopteris. [ 57 ) Carboniferous Series.] PALAEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Palaeozoic Coal Plants. Phyllotheca, and various Gymnosperms and Ferns of forms inti- mately related to those of the Mesozoic coal beds of the Oolitic formations of Yorkshire and many places on the continent of Europe, and the thick coal deposits of Richmond in Virginia, India, &c., equally distinguished palaeontologically from the Palaeozoic coal measures. The species here figured is scarcely distinguishable from the Le- pidodendron tetragonum (Sternberg) [= Aspidaria quadrangulata (Presl.)] of the European Palaeozoic carboniferous deposits by any definable character, so that my inclination was to indicate it as a var. Australe of that species, and I do not see any reason for sup- posing it referrible to the little Devonian Lepidodendron nothum (Unger), nor the probably identical Lepidodendron Gaspianum (Dawson), nor the Lepidodendron Chemungense of Hall, from the Devonian sandstones of New York. Hall's figure of the latter plant is not much less than the narrow part of the right hand branch of our figure, but it shows the scars nearly five times more numerous and scarcely , of the size; and all the figures of the Devonian species mentioned, indicate the much smaller, more numerous, and much more acute, longitudinally elongate, leaf-scars as constant characters; together with a central vascular cicatrix. The sandstone containing the present species in Victoria has been found by Mr. Howitt, over a large extent of Gippsland, to lie always unconformably on the upturned edges of the true Devo- nian rocks. These latter containing Spiriſera laevicosta, Placoder- matous fish, and various other Devonian fossils. Mr. Carruthers refers a plant from Queensland, which probably is identical with ours, to the Devonian L. moth um ; but I know of no reason for considering the Gimpie beds Devonian ; the great balance of the palaeontological evidence, in my opinion, indicating rather the Lower Carboniferous age, and as I have said of our Victorian plant I think of the Gimpie one, that the scars are so much larger and fewer on approximately the same sized branches, that it is not desirable to make such a reference. The small vascular scar is sometimes indistinct, and is usually about half way between the upper angle and the middle ; the occasional longitudinal furrow from it is no doubt due, as Mr. Carruthers suggests, to the greater [ 38 Carboniferous Series.] PALAEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Palaeozoic Coal Plants. resistance of the bundle of vascular tissue originally extending upwards and outwards from the interior of the plant, as compared with the softer cellular tissue through which it passed, giving the occasional furrowed appearance from the accidents of pressure of the rocky bed in which it was petrified. Any one comparing Mr. Carruthers' or my figures with that of Sternberg's Lepidodendron tetragonum (L. quadrangulare, Unger) in t. 59, fig. 2, of his “Versuch einer Geognostisch-Botanischen Darstellung der Flora der Vorwelt,” will find that the identity is so close, that for what I have figured as a variety or species under the special name L. Australe, I can only suggest the general slightly longer form of the scars as possibly distinctive ; the elongation never approaches that of the American true Devonian species with the smaller elongate scars and central vascular cicatrix. I do not see, by the way, why Geinitz's figure of the L. tetragonum in t 3, f. 1, of his “Darstellung der Flora des Hainichen-Ebersdorfer und des Floehaer Kohlenbas- sins” should be supposed to be different from Sternberg's species; it shows the vascular cicatrix at the upper end. Common in the red and yellow micaceous carboniferous sand- stone of the Avon River, Gippsland, 5 miles above Bushy Park. Presented by the late Mr. Angus McMillan. ExPLANATION OF FIGUREs. Plate IX. — Fig. 1, branched specimen, natural size ; the left hand branch showing on the sides the thickness of the outer cylinder, and its inner markings. Fig. 1 a, inner markings of outer cylinder magnified. Fig. lb, outer surface showing scars, vascular bundle, thick boundaries, and longitudinal sulcus magnified. FREDERICK McCoy. -º- / - - - - PALAEON TO LOC Y OF v CTO RIA P7 ºr ） ---- （ ））：）-- . . . . . . . . . . . - . | （） - …….……….|× - |- - - ºf ººººoºººº-º-º: Silurian.] PALAFONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Asteria. PLATE X., FIG. l. PETRASTER SMYTHI (McCoy). [Genus PETRASTER (BILLINGs). (Class Echinodermata. Order Asteriae. Fam. Uras- teridae.) Gen. Char.—Stellate of 5 rays, moderately tapering, having on each side of the ambulacral groove 1 row of adambulacral plates, 1 row of marginal plates, and a few smaller disc plates, extending a variable distance along the rays.] DEscRIPTION.—Five broad semi-elliptical lobes meeting at slightly rounded re-entering angles, leaving the length and the width at base of the rays nearly equal and less than the width of the disc. The upper surface is covered with crowded irregularly polygonal tumid plates. Madreporiform tubercle very large (13 lines in diameter), irregularly porous, and rugged with branching vermicular ridges, excentric towards base of the two posterior rays. Ambulacral groove very narrow, bordered with a row of large transversely obſong adambulacral plates, wider than long, about 6 in 2 lines at middle of ray; margin of the rays bordered with a rather smaller row of similar marginal plates; between the row of adambulacral and marginal plates an intercallary row of small irregular plates. Width of disc between the rays, 7 lines; from tip to tip of rays, about 1 inch 2 lines; length of ray, about 5% lines. This very remarkable starfish has clearly the intercallary row of plates between the marginal and adambulacral rows of plates distinguishing Petraster from Palaeaster. I dedicate the species to Mr. R. Brough Smyth, who discovered it, and kindly gave me the specimen figured several years ago for the Public Museum collection. From some accident of decomposition, one part of the specimen figured shows the skin of the dorsal surface with its irregular plates and madreporiform tubercle, while two of the rays show the plates of the lower surface. Very rare in the fine sandy Upper Silurian rocks of Moonee Ponds, Flemington, a little north of Melbourne. A smaller specimen found since the above figures and description were made, having the rays scarcely 3 lines long from the re- entering angle at base to the apex, has nearly 9 adambulacral plates in the space of 2 lines. This specimen shows the elliptically pointed end of the rays, with the rows of adambulacral, marginal, and intercallary, plates distinctly. Expl.AN ATION OF FIGUREs. Plate X-Fig. 1, partly dorsal and partly ventral view, natural size. Fig, la, do., mag- nified. Fig. lb, one of the plates magnified to show the granular surface. t [ 41 || • * *...* as : * Silurian.] PALAEONTOLOGY OF VICTORIA. [Asteria. PLATE X., FIGs, 2, 3. URASTERELLA SELWYNI (McCoy). [Genus URASTERELLA (McCoy) = STENASTER (BILLINGs). (Class Echinodermata. Order Asterias. Fam. Urasteridae.) Gen. Char.—Small starfishes, with five moderate rays, narrowed at the base, and without disc. Ambulacral grooves narrow, bordered on the under side, with only one row of large (adambulacral) plates; no marginal plates. Upper surface with numerous rows of small tubercular plates. Confined to Silurian rocks.] DESCRIPTION.—Rays 5 elongate gradually tapering from a little beyond the base, which is slightly contracted, angulated on the upper side by a prominent ridge along the middle of each ray, having a row of conical tubercular plates (about 8 in 2 lines), each side sloping on the dorsal aspect from the middle with about 3 rows of conical tubercular plates rather smaller than the middle row. The 5 axil plates small, ovate, triangular, very tumid. Adambulacral plates large, extending to the tubercular margin, transversely oblong, about twice as wide as long (about 9 in 2 lines). Ambulacral plates small, in a deep ambulacral groove. Length of ray from mouth to tip, 6 lines; greatest width near base, l; lines. Surface of plates granular. The late Mr. Salter and Mr. Billings refer the starfishes of this type to the subsequently published genus Palaeaster of Hall; but, as Professor Hall objects that his genus Palaeaster has ambulacral, adambulacral, and marginal plates, and the types of my genus U. Ruthveni and U. hirudo of the English Ludlow rock, like our Australian species and the American Palaeaster or Stenaster pulchella, have only one row of plates on each side of the ambu- lacral groove, I return to the use of my old generic name, of which Stenaster of Billings seems a synonym. This beautiful species is easily known by its strongly angulated rays on the dorsal side. The traces of oral plates are so very minute and indistinct that I cannot give their character. This is the first fossil starfish seen in Australia, and I dedicated it to my old friend Mr. Selwyn, formerly Director of the Geological Survey of Victoria, and now Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, who collected it. Common in the fine sandy Silurian beds of range on E. side of #mºmenáge reserve, Kilmore. o O © * © ... O e o e [ 42 J Silurian.] PALAEONTOLOGY OF VICTORLA. [Asteria. This species is most nearly related to the Uraster Ruthveni of Forbes from the Upper Silurian grits of Kendal in Westmoreland. ExplasATION OF FIGUREs. Plate X.—Fig. 2, dorsal view magnified (the tubercles should have appeared more acute). Fig. 2d, do., Inatural size. Fig. 3, another specimen showing the lower side magnified. (In litho- graphing, the two rows of adambulacral plates have been too much reduced in size, leaving too much marginal space, and leaving the 5 axil plates apparently too large in proportion and too narrow at the outer end.) Fig. 3a, do., natural size. FREDERICK McCoy. By Authority : John FERREs, Government Printer. [ 43 || I.I.I. . . . . . . - º . . . ... ." CONTENTS OF DECADE I. 4 • - » - . * & & * * * * - “. 4 ‘N.B.-Ten originals of all the Figures are in the National Museum, Melbourne: '' & - - - PLATE I. PHYLLoGRAPTUs Folium (His. sp.). War. TYPUs (Hall).--DIPLoGRAPsus MUcRoNATUS (Hall sp.). -. * —DIPLogRAPsus PRISTIs (His. sp.).-DIPLoGRAPsus RECTANGULARIs (McCoy).—DIPLO- GRAPsus (CLIMACoGRAPTUs) BIcoBNIs (Hall).-GRAPTOLITEs (DIDYMOGRAPsus) FRUTI- - cosus (Hall sp.). PLATE II. GRAProLITEs (DIDYMOGRAPsus) QUADRIBRACHIATUs (Hall sp.).-GRAProLITEs (DIDYMo- GRAPsus) BRyonoides (Hall sp.).-GRAPTOLITEs (DIDYMoGRAPsus) octobrachiatus (Hall sp.).-GRAProLITEs (DIDYMOGRAPsus) LoGANI (Hall. sp.). * - - - PLATES III., IV., AND V. - Phascoloxys Pliocesus. (McCoy). - PLATE VI. # VoluTA HANNAFond1 (McCoy).-VoluTA ANTI-cINGULATA (McCoy).-Voluta ANTI-scALARIs . (McCoy). § © --- PLATE VII. VoluTA MacRopTERA (McCoy). * PLATE VIII. PopozAMITEs BARKLYI (McCoy)-PodozAMITEs Ellipticus (McCoy).--PodozAMItEs ... * LoNGIFoll Us (McCoy). PLATE IX. * * LEPIDoDENDRON AUSTRALE (McCoy). PLATE X. PETRASTER SMYTHI (McCoy).-URASTERELLA SELw YN1 (McCoy). ** →∞ ***:）. ¿ §§ §;&# •;* :） i ſº ！** · * *（, ）; · ș 、 &;% ¿ ק§} }}¿ ¿ **,ș， **ł§§ ¿ §} } Ķ:$ |× ***** * …“ **） * ¿.*¿¿.