YSIS OF AMERICA'S MODERN MELTING POT
HEARINGS
THE COMMITTEE ON
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
SIXTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS
THIRD SESSION
NOVEMBER 21, 1922
Serial 7- O
STATEMENT OF HARRY H. LAUGHLIN
WASHINGTON
GOVºivº ENT PRINTING OFFICE
1923
i.JI’s - --
§ { {..., …; l 3. s . 9." - ~~~~ -**--- ~. *
GENERAL LIBRARY



COMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION.
Hous E OF REPRESENTATIVEs.
SIXTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS.
ALBERT JOHNSON, Washington, Chairman.
ISAAC SIEGEL, New York. ADOLPH. J. SABATH, Illinois
J. WILL TAYLOR, Tennessee. JOHN E. RAKER, California.
JOHN C. KLECZKA, Wisconsin. RILEY J. WILSON, Louisiana.
WILLIAM N. VAILE, Colorado. JOHN C. BOX, Texas.
HAYS B. WHITE, Kansas. L. B. RAINEY, Alabama.
GUY L. SHAW, Illinois. * &
ROBERT S. MALONEY, Massachusetts.
ARTHUR. M. FREE, California.
JOHN L. CABLE, Ohio.
P. F. SNYDER, Clerk.
II
C E FC § { i ED EY THE
4) NITED STATES C F AMERICA
} * :
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º
ANALYSIS OF THE METAL AND DROSS IN AMERICA's
- MODERN MELTING POT.
THE DETERMINATION OF THE RATE OF OCCURRENCE OF
THE SEVERAL DEFINITE TYPES OF SOCIAL INADEQUACY
IN EACH OF THE SEVERAL PRESENT IMMIGRANT AND
NATIVE POPULATION GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES.
TYPES AND GROUPS COVERED BY THIS INVESTIGATION.
Types of social inadequacy: - -
(1) Feeblemindedness; (2) insanity; (3) crime and delinquency; (4) epilepsy;
(5) tuberculosis and leprosy; (6) blindness; (7) deafness; (8) deformity; and
- (9) dependency. - - - .
Population groups: -
Analysis A.—Nativity groups: (1) Native white, both parents native born; (2)
native white, one parent native born, one foreign born; (3) native white, both
parents foreign born; (4) total native born white; (5) foreign born white; (6)
total foreign white stock; (7). Negroes; and (8) Indians, Mongolians, and others.
Analysis B.-Sixty-seven immigrant and native groups in the United States, by
nationality or country of birth, as follows: (1) All countries; (2) United States;
(3) white; (4) negro; (5) all other; (6) all foreign countries; (7) Europe; (8)
Northwestern Europe; (9) Great Britain; (10), England; (11) Scotland; (12)
Wales; (13) Ireland; (14) Germany; (15) Scandinavia; (16) Norway; (17) Swe-
den; (18) Denmark; (19) Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, and Luxemburg;
(20) Netherlands; (21) Belgium; (22) Luxemburg; (23) France; (24) Switzer-
land; (25) Southern and Eastern Europe; (26) Portugal; (27) Spain; (28) Italy;
(29) Russia and Finland; (30) Russia; (31) Finland; (32) Poland; (33) Austria-
Hungary; (34) Austria; (35) Hungary; (36) Balkan Peninsula; (37) Rumania;
(38) Bulgaria; (39) Serbia; (40) Montenegro; (41) Greece; (42) Turkey in Europe;
(43) Europe, not specified; (44) Asia; (45) Turkey in Asia; (46) China; (47)
Japan; (48) India; (49) all other countries; (50) America; (51).Canada and New-
foundland; (52) Canada, French; (53) Canada, other; (54) Newfoundland;
(55) West Indies; (56) Cuba; (57) other West Indies; (58), Mexico; (59) Central
America; (60) South America; (61) all other; (62) Africa; (63) Australia; (64)
Atlantic Islands; (65) Pacific Islands; (66) country not specified; and (67)
born at Sea. The Jews are not treated as a separate nation, but are accredited
to their respective countries of birth.
725
CONTENTS.
Page,
The socially inadequate classes debarred as immigrants. . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 729
Definitions and lists of types and classes used in this survey.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730
The quota fulfillment plan of analysis. ------------------------------------- 731
List of nativity and racial groups...... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----------------- 732
The population census of 1910 and the institution Survey of 1921. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
Statistical validity of the Survey...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734
The feeble-minded-------------------------------------------------------- 735
The literacy test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - e s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 736
Intelligence levels and exclusion------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737
Hereditary feeble-mindedness in immigrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738
The insane. -------------------------------------------------------------- 739
The potentially insane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739
The criminalistic------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1
The epileptic.------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742
Mixed parentage-----------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
The diseased... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ------------------ 744
The inebriate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------------- 744
The leprous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 744
The tuberculous. . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 744
The blind... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ----------- 745
The deaf. . . . . . . * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 746
The deformed and the crippled. . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - *...* as as sº & as * 746
The dependent. . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 746
Poor relief in Massachusetts.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747
The dependent Negro........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748
Dependency by nativity groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 748
All types of the Socially inadequate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748
The number of Social inadequates.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749
Factors in analysis of results........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750
(a) Difference in racial susceptibility. :
(b) Geographical difference in social treatment.
(c) Difference in environment, opportunity, and occupation.
(d) Statistical effect of the age factor.
Average age of immigrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 750
Average age of institutional charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------------ 75]
Cost of native and alien institutional inmates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751.
Federal authority and State responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -------------- 752
Responsibility of prevention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752
Final values.----------------------------------------------------- & º ºs º º ºs º º 752
Time or generation and quality of immigrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752
Comparative quota fulfillments in inadequacies of the older and newer immi-
grant stocks.----------------------------------------------------------- 754
Summary and conclusions.-----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755
The “Dumping” of social inadequates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -, * - tº $ tº º 755
Personal and family history standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756
Race mixture-------------------------------------------------------------- 756
The asylum idea in immigration policy........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
List of higher immigration standards............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
Immigration attachés and passports..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
Registration of aliens ----------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758
Current Scientific researches of the House Committee on Immigration and Nat-
uralization--------------------------------------------------------------- 759
The exhibit of immigration studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.59
The “Melting pot”. . . . . . . . ------ .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 760
727
728 - CONTENTS.
GRAPHIC CHARTS SHOWING COMPARATIVE QUOTA FULFILLMENTS IN
EACH OF THE SEVERAL TYPES OF SOCIAL INADEQUACY FOR EACH
NATIVITY AND RACIAL GROUP. -
Opposite
page.
CHART 1. Feeble-mindedness. . . . . . . . ., - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -------------------- 734
2. Insanity------------------------------------------------------- • 738
3. Crime. -----------......... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 740
4. Ppilepsy. ------------------------------------------------------ 742
5. Tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --------------------------------- 744
6. Blindness, deafness, deformity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746
7. Dependency---------------------------------------------------- 748
8. All types of social inadequacy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750
Table showing comparison of quota fulfillments among the several types of
the Socially inadequate, by nativity groups and principal countries of
birth. . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 753
, APPENDIX.
CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS, AND STATISTICAL TABLES ON DIAG-
- NOSTIC AND RACIAL DATA, AND THEIR ANALYSIS.
- Page.
Explanation of tables and charts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
Notes on Sources of data.--------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
Classification standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
Statistical tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . .* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 771
Explanatory notes and formulae for the statistical tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 772
Note on probable errors.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 773
STATISTICAL TABLES SHOWING NATIVITY GROUP AND NATIONALITY
QUOTAS, FINDINGS, AND QUOTA FULFILLMENTS AMONG THE IN-
MATES OF STATE, DISTRICT, AND FEDERAL CUSTODIAL INSTITU-
TIONS IN THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES.
Page.
TABLE 1. The feeble-minded: All types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774
1a. The feeble-minded: The moron group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777
2. The insane: All types...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780
2a. The insane: Dementia praecox group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
2b. The insane: Manic depressive group . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 786
2C. The insane: Senile psychosis group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788
3. The criminalistic: All types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790
3a. The criminalistic: Juvenile group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
3b. The criminalistic: Adult group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 796
4. The epileptic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 799
5. The inebriate-------------------------------------------------- 802
6. The tuberculous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * - - - - - - - - - - - - - 802
7. The blind (including the ‘‘Blind and deaf”). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805
8. The deaf- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------__- - - - - * ~ * * * ~ * 808
9. The deformed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811
10. The dependent: All types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
10a. The dependent: Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817
10b. The dependent: Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820
11. All classes of the Socially inadequate as a unit. . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - 823
12. The feeble-minded (census of 1920, Survey of 1921). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 826
13. The insane: All types (census of 1920, survey of 1921).... . . . . . . . . . 829
EXPERT ANALYSIS OF THE METAL AND THE DROSS IN
AMERICA’s MODERNMEITING POT.
CoMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION,
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
Tuesday, November 21, 1922.
º . committee met at 10.30 o'clock a. m., Hon. Albert Johnson (chairman) pre-
SIC|IIł9. - * - - -
# CHAIRMAN. The committee will please come to order. I would like to say to
the members of the committee that Dr. Harry H. Laughlin, of the Eugenics Record
Office of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, who, on April 16 and 17, 1920, pre-
sented before this committee the results of his studies on the biological aspects of
immigration, and who on the latter date, April 17, 1920, was appointed expert eugenics
agent of this committee, with the request to conduct, under the auspices of this com-
mittee, further scientific studies into several specific features of this general field, has
now completed an investigation of the relative degeneracies of the several typesin each of
the nativity groupsin the population of the United States, and has brought this particular
investigation to a point where it may be fully presented to the committee. Unless
there is objection, I will ask Doctor Laughlin to proceed at length for the purpose of
explaining to the committee his methods of collecting and analyzing the data and
giving us all possible information concerning the facts which he has secured. Are you
ready to proceed, Doctor Laughlin?
STATEMENT OF DIR. HARRY H. LAUGHILIN.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, the present 3
per cent limitation immigration law (acts of May 19, 1921, and May 11, 1922) without
further legislation ceases automatically at the termination of the fiscal year which ends
June 30, 1924. This law does two things: First, it limits to a total of 357,803 the
number of immigrants who may be admitted into the United States in a single year.
Second, it distributes this total number of admissible immigrants among the several
nations, according to their respective numbers found in the United States by the
census of 1910. It is thus a statute controlling immigration on the basis of total
numbers and nationality. The third great factor in immigration control concerns not
number or nationality but individual physical, mental, and moral quality, and
more particularly the potentiality of the immigrant as a parent of desirable Americans
of the future. The analysis of this third factor is the subject of the present investi-
gation.
THE SOCIALLY INADEQUATE CLASSES DEBARRED AS IMMIGRANTS.
Our immigration laws of 1875 excluded prostitutes and certain classes of criminals.
Beginning with the law of 1882, idiots, lunatics, persons likely to become public
charges, and certain convicts were excluded. With succeeding laws, these excluded
classes have been defined and enumerated in greater detail. The immigration act of
February 5, 1917, lists the types of individuals who, because of inferior personal
quality, may not now be admitted into the United States as immigrants. According
to Section 3 of this act, these classes are: “* * * (1) Idiots, imbeciles, feeble-
minded persons; (2) epileptics; (3) insane persons, persons who have had one or more
attacks of insanity at any time previously, persons of constitutional psychopathic
inferiority; (4) persons with chronic alcoholism; (5) paupers, professional beggars,
vagrants; (6) persons, afflicted with tuberculosis in any form or with a loathsome or
dangerous contagious disease; (7) persons not comprehended within any of the fore-
going excluded classes who are found to be and are certified by the examining surgeon
as being mentally or physically defective, such physical defect being of a nature which
NOTE.-The charts and statistical tables of this publication, which summarize the findings of the
present investigations, were formally presented to the committee at the beginning of this hearing and
were used in the demonstrations and discussions herein reported.
- 729
780 . . ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
may affect the ability of such alien to earn a living; (8) persons who have been con-
victed of or admit having committed a felony or other crime or misdemeanor involving
moral turpitude; * * * (9) persons likely to become a public charge; and (10)
persons who have been deported under any of the provisions of this act and who may
again seek admission within one year from the date of such deportation unless
prior to their reembarkation at a foreign port or their attempt to be admitted from
foreign contiguous territory the Secretary of Labor shall have consented to their
reapplying for admission ..." . *.”
Besides these specifically listed types of socially inadequate individuals, this
Same Section prohibits the admission of (I) polygamists; (2) anarchists; (3) prostitutes;
(4) persons engaged in the so-called “white-slave trade”; (5) contract laborers;
(6) persons whose tickets or passage are paid for by corporations or governments con-
trary to law; (7) stowaways; (8) children under I6 years of age unaccompanied by
parents; (9) natives of certain Asiatic islands definitely delimited by latitude and
longitude; and (10) aliens over 16 years of age, physically capable of reading, who
can not read Some language or dialect. These latter 10 classes do not come under the
purview of this particular investigation unless members of them are included also
Within one or more of the 10 classes first listed. . . . . -
... I shall now proceed with the explanation of this particular research in relation to
the effectiveness of the immigration laws and regulations in keeping out the legally
excludable classes, and the effect of the present situation and policy in reference to
race Conservation in the United States. These excludable classes, which I have
just listed from the immigration laws, correspond very closely with the several types
of Socially inadequate persons which are institutionalized in the United States. For
this reason the study of the occurrence of the degree of specific degeneracy within
the several nativity and racial groups of the United States is made most accurately
and profitably by a statistical survey of the race or nationality and the specific
pathological diagnoses of the inmates of the custodial institutions of the several States
and of the Federal Government. Under the direction of this committee I have just
completed a survey of this sort, the data, summaries, and analyses of which I shall
now present for the committee's consideration.
DEFINITIONS AND LISTS OF TYPES AND CLASSES USED IN THIS SURVEY.
In this study the following definitions were laid down and adhered to as closely
as possible:
(a) A Socially inadequate person is one who by his or her own effort, chronically,
and regardless of etiology or prognosis, fails in comparison with normal persons to
maintain himself or herself as a useful member of the organized social life of the
State; provided that the term Socially inadequate shall not be applied to any person
whose individual or Social ineffectiveness is due to normally expected exigencies
of youth, old age, curable injuries, or temporary physical or mental illness, in case
such ineffectiveness is adequately taken care of by the particular family in which
it occurs. •.
(b) The Socially inadequate classes, regardless of etiology or prognosis, are the
following: (1) Feeble-minded; (2) insane (including the psychopathic); (3) criminal-
istic (including the delinquent and wayward); (4) epileptic; (5) inebriate (including
drug habitués); (6) diseased (including the tuberculous, the Syphilitic, the leprous,
and others with chronic infectious and legally segregable diseases); (7) blind (includ-
ing those with seriously impaired vision); (8) deaf (including those with Seriously
impaired hearing); (9) deformed (including the crippled and the ruptured); and (10)
dependent (including orphans, ne'er-do-wells, the homeless, tramps, and paupers).
(For subclassification, see p. 762.) X. g
(c) A custodial institution is a habitation which, regardless of whether its authority
or support be public or private, provides (1) food and lodging, and (2) restraint,
treatment, training, care, or residence for one or more Socially inadequate inmates;
provided that the term custodial institution shall not apply to a private household
in which the Socially inadequate member or members are close blood kin or marriage
relations to, or legally adopted by, an immediate member of the caretaking family.
In this particular survey, institutions were further limited to those maintained by
the Several State and Federal Governments, thus excluding the municipal and the
private institutions. . *
(d) An inmate is a Socially inadequate person who is a prisoner, patient, pupil, or
member of, or who is otherwise held, treated, trained, cared for, or resident within
a custodial institution, regardless of whether the relation of Such person to such insti-
tution be voluntary or involuntary, or that of pay or charity.

ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 731
The CHAIRMAN. I have examined Doctor Laughlin's data and charts and find
that they are both biologically and statistically thorough, and apparently sound,
but, before going further, the committee would like a little more detailed descrip-
tion of the various types of Social inadequacy which you have named. Does the
word “inadequacy” apply only to mental inadequacy?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. No, sir. The general term is social inadequacy, which may
manifest itself in any one of the Several subclasses I have just named. Of these, for
example, mental inadequacy, uncomplicated by other defects, would come under
class 1—Feeble-mindedness. Generally, a Socially inadequate person is one who
can not adjust himself as an asset to the Social Organization; consequently he has to
be taken care of by society, either by commitment, voluntarily or involuntarily in
an institution, or by outside charity, or at home as a burden, by his own family.
Mr. RAKER. That is, such a person is a liability of the State.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Yes, sir. - *
Mr. VAILE. Such individuals are people who, through some infirmity—mental,
physical, or moral—can not support themselves and can not be left at large.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. These are the classes which the immigration law and its admin-
istration have attempted to keep out of the United States. Social inadequacy is a
double debit; not only do the inadequates, not pull their own weight in the boat,
but they require, for their care, the Services of normal and socially valuable persons
who could well be employed in more constructive work. Our former studies have
shown that in the United States as a whole, 6.1 institutional inmates require the
services of one normal custodian. The drag on the use of land and the profitless
consumption of wealth in the form of Supplies has not been so accurately calculated,
but the drag measured in the terms of the percentage of State taxes consumed was
very carefully worked out and will be presented later in this hearing. (See p. 751).
Social inadequacy as an effect and racial degeneracy as a primary cause go hand in
hand; therefore our modern States must strive earnestly to reduce them, especially
and more directly the latter, to the minimum, if our best and most talented family
strains, races, and cultures, are to prosper. -
Mr. Box. Do I understand that your investigations have for their purpose the deter-
mination of the occurrence of these types of degeneracy in our immigrant groups?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Yes, sir. In these studies I have sought to find out both the
absolute and the relative measure of each of the several types of social inadequacy
in each of the several alien and other nativity groups in the population of the United
States. It is thus a study in comparative degeneracy. It is one of the several inves-
tigations into the biological or eugenical aspects of immigration which I am conducting
under the immediate auspices of this committee. There are, of course, many other
elements in the relation between immigration and biology, which are capable of scien-
tific analysis, but this particular one was undertaken first because, in the hearing of
April 16 and 17, 1920, as the gentleman will recall, he himself and Representative
Waile and the chairman asked that the next studies be made along this line. The
idea of course is to use such data to gauge the relative soundness and stability of the
different racial and nativity groups in the United States, which gauge, in turn, would
constitute a measure of their relative long-time value to the Nation, especially when
viewed in the light of the inborn quality of future generations. More specifically,
it is a measure of the relative soundness of recent and older immigrant stocks.
At the beginning of this investigation there were in existence no careful or ex-
tended studies on this particular subject; the figures that were generally given
were either guesswork or based upon very small samples of the population, so that it
was necessary to undertake the task of making a fresh and first-hand survey of the
whole situation. This research involved, first, the working out of a plan for meas-
uring relative degeneracy on the basis of quota fulfillments, and, Second, the exe-
cution of a cooperative work with the several custodial institutions of the different
States and the Federal Government in Securing first-hand data about each inmate
in reference to his racial and nativity group membership on the one hand, and, on
the other, to the specific diagnosis of his social inadequacy. -
THE QUOTA FULFILLMIENT PLAN OF ANALYSIS.
Permit me to explain first the quota fulfillment scheme. For the purpose of the
present research, the measure of degeneracy or inadequacy of a particular type within
a particular population group is taken to be the actual number of inmates of the specific
type and population group found, at a given date, in the several State and Federal
custodial institutions of the United States. But if we are to compare different
nativity groups and races which are represented by vastly different total numbers in
the whole population of the United States, we must reduce this plan of absolute meas-
urement to a relative one–one based on per cent or quota fulfillment. In order to do
732 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
this, it was necessary next to establish a quota or normal number expected for the
special nationality type and specific degeneracy type. This was done by crediting—
or rather charging, tentatively, to the particular group, say the Italian born, in the
whole institutional population for the type under consideration, sayinsanity, a number
measured by the percentage of Italian born in the whole population of the United
States, the latter as found by the Federal census of 1910. This means that if, for ex-
ample, in relation to insanity, the Italian born are exactly assusceptible as the whole
population of the United States, the calculated or expected number would be found
in the custodial institutions for the insane, maintained by the several States and the
Federal Government. - .
... We then made a first-handinstitutional survey, as of January 1, 1921, to secure the facts
in relation to racial stocks, or nativity groups, and to particular types of Social degener-
acy or inadequacy. The data were drawn from the records of prisons, State hospitals for
the insane, institutions for the feeble-minded and for all other types of socialinadequacy,
maintained by State and Federal Governments. Having secured the facts in relation
to the number of persons of each race or nativity group found in custodial institutions
and listed under a specific diagnosis, and having previously worked out an expected
or quota number for each such diagnostic and racial group, the next step is to compare
the number expected with the number found. In making such comparisons, the
divisor is always the number expected, or the quota, and the dividend is always the
number actually found by the survey. The quotient is the quota fulfillment which,
throughout these studies, is expressed in terms of per cent.
Thus if the quota fulfillment of a particular racial and diagnostic group is 100 per
cent, it means that for this particular race, in reference to this particular type of
degeneracy, the number found is exactly the same as the quota or the number
expected. If, however, twice as many were found as were expected, then the quota
fulfillment would be 200 per cent. If, again, only one-half as many were found as
were expected, the quota fulfillment would be 50 per cent. Thus, regardless of the
absolute numbers in the different racial and nativity groups in the whole popula-
tion of the United States, it is possible to standardize and to compare the relative
extreme degeneracy of a specific type among the several racial and nativity groups.
Mr. WAILE. To be specific, just how, for instance, did the quota fulfillment scheme
work out in reference to insanity among the Italians in this country? +.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. According to the census of 1910 there were 1,343,125 persons
of Italian birth in the United States. This group constituted 1.46 per cent of the
whole population of the United States at that time. Consequently, according to
the tentative allotment or the quota, if the Italians in the United States were equally
as susceptible as all other nativity groups to insanity, of the type which we institu-
tionalize in this country, we should expect 1.46 per cent of the inmates in all hos-
pitals for the insane in the United States to be of Italian birth. In the 93 hospitals
for the insane which were covered by this survey there were 84,106 inmates at the
time of the survey. The Italian quota is 1.46 per cent of 84,106, or 1,228. This
is the number calculated or expected. The actual survey found 1,938 persons of
Italian birth in the hospitals for the insane. Thus instead of finding 1:46 per cent
of the inmates to be of Italian birth, we found 2.30 per cent, or in numbers instead
of per cent, we found 1,938 instead of the allotted quota of 1,228. Dividing the
number found by the number expected, we find a quota fulfillment of 157.53 per cent.
Mr. Box. This means that relative to the whole population of the United States,
the Italians fulfilled their quota a little more than one and one-half times in con-
tributing inmates to the hospitals for the insane.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. That is the way the plan of study works out. This same system
was followed in determining the quota fulfillments for each of the several types of the
socially inadequate—the feeble-minded, the insane, the criminalistic, and the like,
and for each nativity and racial group in the whole population.
LIST OF NATIVITY AND RACIAL GROUPS.
The CHAIRMAN. You have described the different types of the Socially inade-
quate which were made the subject of this scientific study. , Will you please now
list the several nations and nativity groups for which quota fulfillments were worked
out for the different kinds of degeneracy? -
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Each of the accompanying statistical tables, Nos. 1, to 13,
gives two analyses: First, analysis A, by nativity group, which includes, the fol:
lowing nine groups: (1) All groups; (2) native white, both parents native born; (3)
native white, one parent native born, one foreign born; (4) native white, both parents
foreign born; (5) total native born white; (6) foreign born white; (7) total foreign
white stock; (8). Negro; and (9) Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other -
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 733
Second, analysis B takes the same institutional populations and classifies them
according to specific nationality or country of birth. The following 67 nations,
countries, geographical regions and races are included in this analysis: (1) All
countries; (2) Unites States; (3) white; (4) negro; (5), all other; (6) all foreign
countries; (7)* Europe; (8) Northwestern Europe; (9) Great Britain; (10) Eng-
land; (11) Scotland: (12) Wales; (13) Ireland; (i.4), Germany; (15) Scandinavia;
(16) Norway; (17) Sweden; (18) Denmark; (19) Netherlands (Holland), Belgium,
and Luxemburg; (20) Netherlands; (21) Belgium; (22) Luxemburg; (23), France;
(24) Switzerland: (25) Southern and Eastern Europe; . (26) Portugal; (27). Spain;
(28) Italy; (29) Russia and Finland; (30) Russia; (31) Finland; (32). Poland; (33)
Austria-Hungary; (34) Austria; (35), Hungary; (36) Balkan Peninsula; (37) Ru-
mania; (38) Bulgaria; (39) Serbia; (40) Montenegro; (41) Greece; (42), Turkey in
Europe; (43) Europe not specified; (44) Asia; (45) Turkey in Asia; (46) China;
(47) Japan; (48) India; (49) all other countries; (50) America; (51) Canada and
Newfoundland; (52) Canada, French; (53) Canada, other; (54) Newfoundland;
(55) West Indies; (56) Cuba; (57) other West Indies; (58) Mexico; (59). Central
America; (60) South America; (61) all other; (62) Africa; (63) Australia; (64)
Atlantic Islands; (65) Pacific Islands; (66) country not specified; and (67) born at
sea. The Jews are not treated as a separate nation, but are accredited to their respec-
tive countries of birth. º
Mr. WHITE. Then we shall have for the use of the committee the quota fulfillment
for each of these countries or nativity groups in reference to all of the different types
of social inadequacy. - *
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Yes, sir. Attention should be called at this point to the fact
that this investigation finds a measure of degeneracy which characterizes the several
nativity groups of the United States. It is not a direct measure of relative racial values,
but a measure of the degree to which each racial and nativity group must be culled
or sifted by the Federal Government in preventing immigration, and later, if this
fails, in deporting degenerate individuals and families of whatsoever nationality.
Still later, if all these attempts at prevention fail, and the degenerate individuals and
families become established in a given State, the particular State must grapple with
º problem of preventing the reproduction of these degenerate individuals and
amilies. -
A parallel study on the upper levels of Social values, talents, and special abilities,
of the same nativity and racial groups, is under way. This is expected to throw
light upon relative positive or constructive racial and group values, provided each par-
ticular nativity or racial group were culled of its degenerate strains.
Mr. RAKER. I think it would be desirable at this point to clarify and summarize
the meaning and definition of “quota fulfillment.” I understand that in Order to
measure these different types and groups of the inadequate, it was necessary first to
invent a system of measurement because no such measuring rod had yet been devised.
The scheme used you call the “quota fulfillment” system. Will you please summarize
this plan? e
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Yes, sir. First we establish a quota. To do this we get the
census records of the several different nativity and racial groups in the whole popula-
tion of the United States. We then find the percentage of the total that each particular
group represents. This is the basis of the quota apportionment. Then, by special
survey, we count the persons in the State and Federal custodial instutitions for each
type of degeneracy in the whole United States. Next we apportion these theoretically
among all of the different nativity and racial groups, according to their respective or
relative numbers in the population at large. Thus we determine their several ex-
pected numbers or quotas. This is, of course, based upon the theory that all groups
are equally represented in the particular type of degeneracy under consideration.
The next thing is to make comparison between the numbers expected and the numbers
found. For instance, among the Portuguese in the institutions studied, we have a
calculated quota or expectation of 28, but our survey actually found 52 persons. This
means that Portugal fulfilled her quota by 185.71 per cent, or more than one and three-
quarter times. This is the basis upon which the analysis was made, so that the results
show both the absolute numbers and the comparative incidence of particular types
of degeneracy for each nation. Thus, on the quota fulfillment basis, a standard of
degeneracy is found, and the measure is as applicable to Scandinavia as to Ger-
many or Ireland or Mexico. -
THE POPULATION CENSUS OF 1910 AND THE INSTITUTION SURVEY OF 1921.
Mr. VAILE. Having made your analysis and collected your institutional data as
of January 1, 1921, will you please explain why you base the comparative analysis
on the census of 1910 instead of that of 1920? -
734 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. The census results for 1920 were available, and experimentally
We analyzed some of the data on the 1920 basis, which analyses are shown in the
accompanying tables, Nos. 12 and 13 (p. 826). However, it seemed logically sounder
to make the comparison on the basis of the census of aliens in the United States of
1910 and the inmates of institutions a decade later, because the immigrants who pass
through Ellis Island, and who are destined to become inmates of institutions, do not
passimmediately from the immigrant station to the institutions, but mix first in the
free population of the country and are later segregated. All of this takes time. It is
clear therefore that the aliens in the United States in 1910, more nearly than those in
the United States in 1920, were the groups from which the present alien inmates of
custodial institutions were recruited.
STATISTICAL VALIDITY OF THE SURVEY.
The CHAIRMAN. There is another point which should be cleared up. Is it statisti-
cally sound to compare percentages which may be based upon vastly different absolute
numbers—for instance, many thousands of institutional inmates from Russia and
only a few score from, say, Spain? e
Doctor LAUGHLIN. The judgment of the soundness of the results, based upon such
different quantities of data, may be determined statistically by the probable error
method. Due to the kind collaboration of Dr. J. Arthur Harris, of the Carnegie
Institution of Washington, I have secured the statistically correct probable error
formula for quota fulfillment, as here used, and have applied the formula in each case.
In the statistical tables, Nos. 1 to 13.(pp. 774 to 831), we will find after each quota
fulfillment figure, a value preceded by the plus and minus signs. According to the
principles of statistical analysis, and especially in judging relative validity due to
variation in size of random samples, this means that, in any given case, had the
number of individuals, upon which the particular finding is based, been indefinitely
increased, the chances are equal, 50 to 50, that the quota fulfillment value which
would have been found, as the result of this greater number of persons in the sample,
would not vary above or below the given finding, more than the sum which follows
the plus and minus signs. By using the probable error values which accompany each
of the Several quota fulfillments, one may judge, in each case, the stability or in-
stability of the findings, in so far as such findings are based upon the greatness or
Smallness of number of persons who constitute the particular sample.
The CHAIRMAN. In the present study what was the scope of the field spirvey?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. At the time of the survey, 1921, there were 657 State and Federal
custodial institutions in the continental United States coming within the scope of
the definition of a custodial institution which I have used. For this study Isecured
the collaboration of 445 of these institutions. 4.
Mr. VAILE. You Say that there were in the United States 657 institutions of the
class from which your Samples were drawn, and that your returns covered 445 of these.
What effect does this have upon the accuracy of the returns? -
Doctor LAUGHLIN. In making this survey an elaborate schedule calling for an
analysis of the institutional population on the basis of nativity group and race on the
one hand, and diagnosis of particular defect on the other, was prepared and sent to
each of the 703 institutions. The filling out of this schedule requires a great deal of
labor. Indeed, many of the institutions had to make fresh, first-hand studies of their
institutional inmates in order to supply the data. In order to judge further of the
extent and statistical value of the present survey, let me say that as the result of a
complete statistical, but not diagnostic, survey which I made for the Bureau of the
Census, of all of the State and Federal custodial institutions for the Socially inade-
quate, as of January 1, 1916, I found a total of 394,991 inmates. In the present
survey we not only secured the census of the inmates, but we secured a very intricate
and carefully made diagnostic classification of these inmates by race, nativity group,
and particular diagnosis, and this present survey covered a total of 210,835 inmates.
I could easily have secured the census number of inmates of the remaining institu-
tions, but to have secured 100 per cent of their diagnostic and racial records would
have been a task beyond the resources of the institutional authorities without the
expenditure of many thousands of dollars and the employment of many professional
and clerical assistants. - •
The fact that we could and did secure 445 detailed diagnostic and racial returns
showed, on the part of the institutional authorities, a fine sense of collaboration and
an appreciation of the value of the study, which demonstrated themselves practically
in a great amount of volunteer professional and clerical work. From our point of
view, these 445 institutions are fairly representative of the whole group. They are
not isolated geographically, nor by type of institution, but constitute the main body
of institutional inmates maintained by the State and Federal Governments. If, then,
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ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 735
the returns are a representative Sample, their validity, So far as such validity may be
impaired by the Smallness of the Sample, may be gauged by the probable error. If,
in any particular case, the finding is less than two or three times its probable error,
it means that, statistically, because of the Small size of the sample, the quota ful-
fillment is not reliable. If, however, the quota fulfillment finding is more than two
or three times the size of its accompanying probable error, it means that, statistically,
the requirements of an accurate, Survey have been met. This can be judged for
each particular quota fulfillment on each chart.
In each table we have listed the institutions which did supply and those which
did not supply the returns. w
As a general thing, the men in charge of the custodial institutions of the United
States are not unmindful of the problem of alien inadequacy, and consequently
they are anxious to aid in any studies which will provide this committee with data
necessary for the intelligent Solution of the problem in the interests of race
conservation. -
The CHAIRMAN. We appreciate the amount of labor involved in securing these data
and, if there is no objection, Doctor Laughlin is authorized, in future correspondence,
to convey to the authorities in charge of custodial institutions the thanks of this com-
mittee for collaboration in these studies. There is no objection. So ordered.
THE FEEBLE-MINIDED.
The CHAIRMAN. We are now ready to hear the results of the Scientific studies made
upon the several specific types of the Socially inadequate, with particular reference
to their frequency in the different immigrant nationalties in the United States.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Mr. Chairman, the first and; in many ways, the most important
or dangerous group of the Socially inadequate are the feeble-minded or mentally defi-
cient. Mental ability is a relative term, because the native intelligence grades within
the whole population vary, by a finely graduated Scale, from superior intelligence and
high talent at the upper end to abject idiocy at the foot. In these researches, the term
‘‘feeble-minded’’ will be used in a technical sense. Here it means an individual
who is so deficient mentally that he is unable to cope with the complexities of the .
social organization in which he finds himself, without custodial care. , ºr
According to the crime prevention bill which the municipal court of Chicago
is asking the Legislature of Illinois to enact, the term “mental defective,” in relation
to crime, is defined as follows: “(a) A person who has a defect of intelligence, or (b)
a defect of affectivity or emotion, or (c) a defect of will of such a degree that he has
criminal propensities, and while at large is a menace to the person and property of
others.” Of course, there are many other aspects of feeble-mindedness besides the
criminalistic; for instance, the moral, the economic, and the biological. Each of
these aspects has its own specialized definition.
Mr. CABLE. What is the extent of feeble-mindedness in the whole country, both in
the native and immigrant population groups? k
Doctor LAUGHLIN. The determination of the answer to your question is the direct
purpose of these investigations, but before I give you the results of my own Survey, I
may be permitted to present to the committee the findings of other studies which may
throw light upon the present researches. According to different Surveys which have
been made in different States of the Union, and one of them in Great Britain, the
generally accepted ratio for the occurrence of feeble-mindedness in the whole popu-
lation of America and England is about 1:200. This is the general result. According
to a compilation made by the committee on subnormal children in the public Schools
of Iowa, printed in the October, 1922, issue of the Bulletin of Iowa State Institutions,
the best estimates on the frequency of this defect are summarized as follows:
Ratio offeeble-mindedness in the population.
Estimates made by: - One in
Royal Commission of Great Britain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Porter County, Ind., Survey-----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '- - - - - - - - 138
New Castle County, Del., Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Nassau County, N. Y., Survey-----------...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Doctors Goddard, Johnstone, Fernald..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
New York Commission on Mental Defectives... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Report by Charles H. Strong—New York charities..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Massachusetts Society for Mental Hygiene....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
F. Kuhlman, Faribault, Minn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 200
England and Wales, estimate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
736 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
5.
The frequency of mental defect varies greatly with races and communities, but if
we define feeble-mindedness as the inability, on account of deficient native mental
equipment, to cope with the present Social complex without custodial assistance,
we may quite properly think of the feeble-minded as constituting one-half of 1 per
cent of the whole population. Studies of institutional populations and field surveys
have shown that only about 5 per cent of the feeble-minded persons needing cus-
todial care are actually receiving it from their respective states. The rest remain in
the care of their own families, much to the Social and economic detriment of both
family and community.
Mr. Box. These studies concern the very lowest or more degenerate grades of the
feeble-minded. Is there not a wide range of low-grade mentality between the posi-
tively degenerate and the normal population, which really constitute a great menace
to the effectiveness of the Nation? -
Doctor LAUGHLIN. So far as general ineffectiveness is concerned, the great drag to
the population is caused by the border-line group which you have delimited, much
more than by the custodial levels of mental deficiency, because it is the border-line
group which is much more numerous than the custodial cases; it is also the group
which is able to reproduce itself in the community at large, and which recruits a large
portion of the still more degenerate individuals.
THE LITERACY TEST.
Mr. CABLE. To what degree is our present literacy test for immigrants also a test
for mentality or the absence of feeble-mindedness?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. The literacy test is a partial, Occasional, and indirect criterion
of inborn mental capacity of a certain rather low level.
Mr. CABLE. Will you please explain further the difference between literacy tests
and mental tests, as each might be applicable to immigration?
Doctor LAUGHLIN: The literacy test became applicable on May 5, 1917. . It is
applied only to aliens over 16 years of age, with numerous exceptions. This test
requires the would-be immigrant to read, from printed cards, in a language of his own
choosing, 30 or 40 words in common use. Because of the low standard thus required,
the test is more an examination into opportunity, especially educational opportunity,
than it is into native inborn and hereditary mental ability. Given fair or even low
educational opportunities, anyone except a very low grade, feeble-minded person, or
one physically unable to read, should be able to pass this examination. The fact,
however, that an adult can be coached to read a few printed Words is prima facie
evidence that the individual is not an imbecile. It is not, however, complete evi-
dence that such an individual may not be a moron or on the border line between
technical feeble-mindedness and inferior normality. On the other hand, it may be
said that, even in countries where educational facilities are very low, the most ener-
getic and mentally ambitious will learn to read in spite of his environmental han-
dicap. Therefore in such cases and, to such an extent, literacy becomes closely
associated with elementary mental ability. But, at closest, this "correlation shows
many gaps. There are many low-grade adults who can read a little, and there are
also, in parts of Europe, many persons who can not pass the literacy tests, but who,
nevertheless, are of average native mental ability.
The mental tests which have been devised and developed, and increasingly better
standardized during the past few years, could be used to much better advantage
than the literacy test in testing quality and strength of mind, in an effort to admit
persons of Sound mind and to exclude mental weaklings. A Series of mental tests
especially adapted to the immigant testing, in much the same manner as the Alpha
and Beta mental examinations of the Division of Psychology of the United States Army
were adapted to recruits and the draft during the World War, would, without doubt,
constitute a better adapted system for the determination of native mentality in im-
migrants than is found in the present literacy test. The thing we wish to admit into
the United States is not primarily the ability to read; it is the ability to learn to read,
to understand, and to govern conduct and to direct energy in accordance with under-
standing; we wish to exclude the inborn inability to do these things.
For the year ending June 30, 1922, the immigration Service debarred 1,249 persons.
on account of their inability to read. During the same period 112 persons were
debarred as idiots, imbeciles, or feeble-minded. Principally, in deterring illiterates
from sailing thither, but also in turning back a few who reached our shores, the literacy
test doubtless kept out an undesirable contribution to the population; however, the
modern mental tests would do the work more accurately and would act more directly
upon the selection ideal which caused this country to require literacy in the immigrant,
which ideal calls for the ability to take on an education and, if opportunity is presented,
A to develop into a peaceable, law-abiding and energetic citizen. If in the Old World
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 737
in the absence of universal free education, opportunity has been lacking in the case of
some sterling families, then the mental ability tests, not the literacy test, would doubt-
less result more accurately in admitting native ability and in excluding degeneracy.
Well diversified mental tests determine many more types of mental and personal
qualities and activities than are shown by the present medical and literacy examina-
tions, and thus the addition of modern mental tests would secure the more complete
inventory of natural traits in the immigrant.
Still further, the line between admissibility and debarring by mental testing, in
accordance with developing ideals, could be easily shifted by the Congress whose
duty it is to set the standard of admissibility. Logically, this standard should be
kept high enough to admit only persons with such native ability that the addition of
their blood to the present and future generations would raise instead of lower the
average of American intelligence, initiative, and morality.
INTELLIGENCE LEVELS AND EXCLUSION.
Mr. CABLE. I have been much interested in the possibility of applying a mental
fest, something on the order of that used by the United States Army, in sorting out
immigrants on the basis of mental ability for admission and mental defectiveness for
exclusion. If this scheme were applied to the admission of immigrants, how many
of the foreign born now living in the United States would have been excluded?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. That depends upon where we draw the line. The Army in-
telligence grades were seven in number, as follows: (1) Very superior, A.; (2) Superior,
B; (3) high average, C+; (4) average, C; (5) low average, C–; (6) inferior, D; and (7)
very inferior, D–, E. According to the tests made of persons in the foreign born
white draft, the per cent distribution of intelligence grades in this particular draft
was as follows: Very Superior, A, 1.1; Superior, B, 2.9; high average, C+, 7.3; average,
C, 26.6; low average, C–, 16.5; inferior, D, 30.8; very inferior, D–, E, 14.8. If those
tested in this draft were fair samples of the whole foreign-born population, which, in
1920, comprised 13,920,692 persons, then this latter number would be distributed by
intelligence letter grades as follows: Very superior, A, 153,128; superior, B, 403,700;
high average, C+, 1,016,211; average, C, 3,702,904; low average, C-, 2,296,914;
inferior, D, 4,287,573; very inferior, D–, E, 2,060,262. Now, if it had been possible
to have applied a mental test for the native mental abilities of the immigrants who
are now in the United States, and to have drawn the line between low average, C–,
and inferior, D, there would have been refused admission 45.6 per cent of 13,920,692,
or 6,347,835 aliens who are now in the United States. Native intelligence does not
depend upon opportunity or education. It is inborn; consequently it is transmitted
from generation to generation. It is, of course, possible to draw the line between
admissible and inadmissible intelligence for immigrants at any level which may be
desired. Indeed, the recent scientific advances in the measurement of native mental
ability have been So rapid and effective that diagnosis and determination, according
to an arbitrary rule, are becoming more feasible each year.
But the present first-hand survey deals with that extreme or lowest level of mentality,
which is technically called feeble-mindedness, and which is represented in the custodial
institutions maintained by the several States. The accompanying table (p. 774) and
chart (No. 1, p. 734) show the findings of this survey. Theoretically, the immigration ;
laws would have kept out all of the positively feeble-minded who sought admissions
as immigrants, because all of the feeble-minded aliens now here were feeble-minded X
when they landed at our border. As a matter of fact, many hundreds of feeble-minded
aliens have been admitted to the United States, in spite of our legal barrier, and hav
ultimately found their way into the custodial institutions to remain a permanent
expense to the State, a menace to social organization, and, most of all, in case they
have become parents in the United States, to exercise a deteriorating influence upon
the American stock of the future. According to the quota fulfillment plan, we find
the foreign-born, relatively to their total numbers, supplying only 31.56 per cent as
many inmates to custodial institutions for the feeble-minded as are supplied by the
whole population. If we ignore the immigration laws which tried to exclude all
mental defectives, we find that, statistically, the aliens have not made a bad show-
ing in this particular type of degeneracy; although they made very high quota
fulfillments in other types of social inadequacy.
Mr. Box. How do you account for this better showing in feeble-mindedness than
in other types of degeneracy?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Feeble-mindedness appears, for the most part, in childhood
or early youth, and, in cases low enough to be institutionalized, it is relatively easily
diagnosed. Therefore the immigration service of the present generation should
find relatively little difficulty in the application of the law which requires the exclu-
sion of persons characterized by feeble-mindedness.
738 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
^
Mr. Box. At about what age can we usually detect the feeble-minded?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. According to the degree of feeble-mindedness, this defect can
be detected from birth until about 12 years of age. The most abject idiocy is detect-
able soon after birth. In the border line, ºr the backward classes, there is sometimes
only a slowing down of mental developmeft:so that detection is more difficult, but
at * of 12, even the child who is only a little backward can generally be deter-
In Iſle Cl,
Mr. Box. These figures are from institutions for the feeble-minded. At what age
are children usually committed to custodial care?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. The average age of custodial commitment for the feeble-minded
is approximately 17 years. This matter of early and easy diagnosis of the feeble-minded,
together with the early age of institutional commitment—all on the one hand—and
the average age of immigrants, on the other, is a very important factor in keeping down
the quota fulfillment of the foreign born in our institutions for the feeble-minded.
For 1921 the average age of immigrants admitted to the United States was 28.18 years.
Thus with the relative ease of diagnosis and the early manifestation of mental de-
fect, it has been very difficult for the feeble-minded to slip through the sieve main-
tained by the immigration service. It is usually possible, even for the non-expert,
to spot a fool or a mentally deficient person before the age of 10, because, even among
the best of them, at that age, as a result of a slowed-down development, the men-
tality is usually patently inferior. The expert mental tester is rarely deceived.
Mr. WAILE. You say that the foreign born fulfilled their expected quota in the
institutions for the feeble-minded by only 31.56 per cent?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Yes, sir. If we had had three times as many feeble-minded
foreign-born persons in our institutions as we actually found, the alien quota fulfill-
ment in custodial feeble-mindedness would have been approximately equal to that
of the whole population. In ability to keep out this particular type of institution
the foreign born of the first generation make a much better record than the whole
population.
Mr. WAILE. But you are making the point that there should not be any at all if the
exclusion laws worked perfectly?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Yes, sir. That is the idea.
The CHAIRMAN. In other words, the law has shut out only two-thirds as many
(, feeble-minded persons as it should have done?
Mr. RAKER. That is what I am getting at. We are letting the immigrants fulfill
a normal quota of feeble-mindedness up to 31.56 per cent, when we should have kept
it down to zero per cent.
• Doctor LAUGHLIN. Exactly.
HEREDITARY FEEBLE-MINDEDNESS IN IMMIGRANTS.
The CHAIRMAN. What is the biological or racial value of or, rather, the damage
wrought by this type of immigrafit?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Your question, Mr. Chairman, calls attention to a very important
point or principle which the immigration laws and their administration have not
applied up to the present time, but which, in the interests of race conservation, should
constitute a main element in future immigration policy. We in this country have
been so imbued with the idea of democracy, or the equality of all men, that we have
left out of consideration the matter of blood or natural inborn hereditary mental and
moral differences. No man who breeds pedigreed plants and animals can afford to
neglect this thing, as you know. But in adding to our human breeding Stock by
immigration this is what we do: We keep out fairly well the individually feeble-
minded immigrant, but, because we have ignored inborn quality, when the next
generation arrives, children of immigrants make a very poor showing by being rela-
tively very numerous in this particular type of degeneracy. According to our findings
(Table 1, p 774, chart 1, p. 734), while the foreign born themselves only fulfilled their
institutional quota for feeble-mindedness by 31.56 per cent, the native white, one
parent foreign born and one native born, fulfilled their quota by 190.27 per cent—
nearly twice the normal quota, or six times the quota of the present immigrant gen-
eration. The native white, both parents foreign born, fulfilled their quota, 165.39 per
cent, one and two-thirds the normal expectation, or five times that of the immi-
rant.
g This means that the immigration laws and their administration do not take into con-
sideration the A B C of pedigree or family stock. The students of heredity know that
most of the qualities which cause feeble-mindedness behave as hereditary recessives—
that is, individuals who, in person, may appear perfectly normal, may carry in their
blood the hereditary potentialities for producing degenerates. Such persons are indi-
vidually good mongrels in reference to mentality. In this analysis we are compar-
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33555–23. (Face p. 738.) .
































ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 739
ing feeble-minded immigrants of the present generation with the present-day feeble-
minded children of, for the most part, immigrants of a generation ago. Even so, be-
cause of the very wide difference between the immigrants of the first and of the second
generation, in respect to the frequency of feeble-mindedness, and further making
allowances for the continual betterment of immigration law and service in exclud-
ing the positively feeble-minded, we can not escape the conclusion that the average
recent and present immigrant is himself vastly better than the blood or hereditary
º stock which he brings with him to contribute to the American type of the
uture.
TEIE INSANE.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Mr. Chairman, the next type of social inadequacy in our list is
insanity. Shall I explain our findings in this field?
The CHAIRMAN. The committee is ready to hear your findings in mental diseases.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Statistically the results of our investigations show a very differ-
ent picture in insanity, in relation to nativity and racial groups in the United States,
than was found in the case of feeble-mindedness. If we contrast the statistical and
graphical findings as shown on the tables and charts (Tables 1 to 2c; charts 1 and 2),
we are impressed, first of all, by the fact that, so far as the first generation immigrants
are concerned, they, for the most part, were able to keep out of the institutions for the
feeble-minded, but, on the other hand, they flooded the hospitals for mental diseases.
If, in feeble-mindedness, immigrants furnished only a fraction of their quota in the
first generation, the Same generation greatly exceeded its quota in insanity. The
reason is doubtless found in the analysis of a three-fold complex—first, the average age,
of immigrants; Second, the average age of patients at commitment to hospitals for the
insane; and, third, the difficulty of diagnosing those who are potentially insane. The
average age of immigrants, as was stated earlier, was found to be about 28 years. Our
studies have found that the average age at commitment to the American hospitals for
the insane is about 41 years. Insanity, especially potential insanity, is much more
difficult to diagnose than feeble-mindedness. A man may be potentially insane, des-
tined in a few years for institutional commitment, but at present he may be a very
valuable citizen. Those qualities which destine him for mental breakdown may be
very difficult to determine. Consequently, even the most skilled psychiatrist may
be baffled at prediction in such cases. . It is a much easier matter, however, to
diagnose an insane person, but without the aid of a carefully prepared pedigree record
and a life history of the individual prior to his examination, even the skilled physician
can not diagnose a potentially insane person, One who, in the course of ordinary stresses
is probably going to be insane in 5 or 10 years. The result is that while the foreign
born, as a whole, fulfilled their quota for feeble-mindedness by only about one-third,
this same group fulfilled their quota in insanity by 192.85 per cent—that is to say, in
the hospitals for the insane at the present day there are practically twice as many
foreign born per 100,000 alien population as are found in 100,000 population of the
country at large.
The CHAIRMAN. If insanity was only as common or as frequent among the foreign
born as in the whole population, then the foreign-born quota fulfillment would have
been 100 per cent, but as a matter of fact, it is 192.85 per cent.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. It seems clear that while our immigration laws may keep out the
persons who are insarie at the time of their application for admission, they do not keep
out the potentially insane. In order to do this, more careful and extended studies
in reference to family history and individual biographical history would have to be
provided for the use of the immigration officials in determining those who possess
traits and tendencies which, in all probability, will work out in actual insanity of
Such a degree and kind as to require commitment to a custodial institution.
Mr. Box. If our immigration laws had provided for such studies, and if our immigra-
tion service could have anticipated and correctly diagnosed and Spotted the poten-
tially insane, then the quota fulfillment for aliens in the American institutions would
have been zero?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. It would at least have been greatly reduced. The only type of
alien which we would normally admit to our hospitals for the insane would be one
who became insane from causes arising since admission to the United States, and this
type is very rare, as we learn from the institutional reports.
THE POTENTIALLY INSANE
Mr. VAILE. This brings up the question of the causes of insanity. May not a man
become insane from causes other than those which are inborn or fundamental in his
constitution? º
33555—23—SER 7–C—2
740 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. In every human condition and activity, there are, of course,
the two factors of heredity and environment. In the field of insanity, all psychiatrists
agree that heredity is the principal cause, especially in those great functional groups
represented chiefly by the manic depressive and dementia praecox types. In all
other types of mental disease, heredity plays a great part, even in those types known
as alcoholism and general paresis, in the former of which, the immediate cause is
the excessive use of alcohol, and in the latter, the immediate cause is infection by
the germ of syphilis. But even in these types in which external factors are so im-
portant, the constitutional factor can not be ignored. Not all persons who use alcohol
excessively have alcoholic psychosis, nor do all persons infected with the germ of
syphilis develop general paresis. This may be accounted for in the difference in the
extent and intensity of the poisoning, but also the native or hereditary resistance
to these poisons plays a very important part. Thus, in reference to insanity, it is
doubtful whether any considerable portion of the alien insane in our institutions have
become insane primarily from causes arising after their admission into the United
States. . - t. .
Mr. VAILE. But in some types an important contributory, cause of mental break-
down may have been added or may have arisen after admission into this country?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Yes, sir. - . - .
Mr. Box. It seems clear that the great problem in this field is to diagnose potential
insanity at Ellis Island. • - - -
Doctor LAUGHLIN. That is indeed the great problem and, if progress is to be made
in reducing the number of alien insane in our hospitals, provision must be made by
legislation for excluding the potentially insane and in providing the Immigration
'Service with psychiatrists for making much more detailed examinations, and inquiries
into family and personal histories, than are made at present. It would, of course, be
an expensive procedure, but, compared with the present expenditures in maintaining
the alien insane in hospitals, it would be very small, but most important of all, the
country would not be recruiting its parenthood for future generations from deteriorated
human stocks. The task is a practicable one. Psychiatrists are learning a great deal
about the premonitory signs of insanity. There is a high correlation between insanity
and certain diseases, and between insanity and certain types of responses and con-
duct under tests. There is also a relation between potential insanity and the reputa-
tion and history of the family. All these things again point toward the necessity of
taking into consideration the family stock and personal history in addition to more
careful physical and mental tests for immigrants who are seeking admission into this
country. -
There is another feature in our immigration laws which makes for a high quota
fulfillment by aliens in our hospitals for the insane. It is that provision which pre-
vents deportation after five years' residence in the United States. If an immigrant
has been in the United States for six years and then becomes insane, he is given the
same care in our public institutions as is offered our natural born citizens, and will; .
under American practice, receive that care indefinitely, even though it may be shown
that the particular person is insane from causes arising before admission to the United
States. If an immigrant becomes insane after having been in the United States
four years, he may still be deported to the country from whence he came, unless,
indeed, it can be shown that he is insane from causes arising after his admission to the
|United States. This is the theºry, but the great practical difficulty lies in the expense
and skill required to determine the time of origin of the causes which later on work
out in mental breakdown. In most cases the primary causes probably existed from .
birth. If it is difficult to trace them out after the breakdown occurs, we can imagine
the still greater difficulty in predicting the breakdown destined to occur in the future,
and hence the necessity for family and personal history records being required of
would-be immigrants. - - -
Mr. RAKER. I notice a very high quota fulfillment for Ireland in insanity. How
is that explained? - * ... .
Doctor LAUGHLIN. This is more a record of fact than of explanation. We learn
from these investigations that in her quota fulfillment, Ireland, in reference to feeble-
mindedness and crime, runs very low, but she makes up for this low record in these
latter fields, and more than makes up for it, in insanity and dependency. This
means that when an Irishman in the United States loses his social adjustment and
social efficiency, he does not, as a rule, go to the institutions for the feeble-minded or
to the prisons, but his maladjustment is such that he more often goes to a hospital for
the insane or to a charitable institution. The difference in these nationality ratios
means a corresponding constitutional differential, in liability to mental breakdown,
among the several nativity and racial groups now in this country. -

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33555–23. (Face p. 740.)

















































ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 74.1
The CHAIRMAN. If these studies present correct pictures of the actual situation,
they seem to show that we are paying a severe penalty for our loose control over the
immigration sieve. Will you please summarize your findings in insanity? .
Doctor LAUGHLIN. In the United States the foreign born show an incidence of
insanity in the State and Federal hospitals 2.85 times greater than that shown by the
whole population, which latter are descended largely from older American stock.
Making all allowances for any possible shock or strain on personality, due to immigra-
tion and the shifting of homes and social conditions, and to differential occupations
and economic prosperity, this high incidence shows that the immigrants of the present
generation have a higher incidence of mental instability than is possessed by our
foundation families. After the shock of immigration is over, and adjustment more
or less established, the children of immigrants, and the children of parents, one of
whom was an immigrant and one a native of the United States, show a lower incidence
of insanity than that found in the immigrants themselves, but in this first generation
of American-born children, the incidence of insanity is still approximately twice as
high as that now found in the still older immigrant stocks. -
Compared with feeble-mindedness, insanity is a trait which easily slips through
the immigration sieve. As a rule, it does not appear until after the average immigra-
tion age. Thus the immigrant who, himself, may be destined to break down, comes
through without challenge, and similarly the individuals who, themselves, will not
break down, but who carry the traits of insanity in their germ plasm, enter without
detection. More information about the personal history and the families of would-be
immigrants is a logical prerequisite to an intelligent application of immigration
standards.
THE CRIMINALISTIC.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. The next type of inadequacy included in this investigation is
crime. For the purposes of this study we have made the investigation under two
headings: First, juvenile delinquency, and Second, adult crime. The graphical
chart (No. 3, p. 740), shows juvenile delinquency and adult crime united. The
tables (3a and 3b, pp. 793 and 796), show the data for each of these primary criminal-
istic age groups separately. The institutions included in this survey comprise the
penitentiaries, reformatories, and Schools for the delinquent and wayward.
In general, by comparing the statistical tables and the graphical charts for feeble-
mindedness, insanity, and crime, we find crime, in reference to institutional inmates
and nativity and racial groups, occupying a place midway between the other two
types. It is possible, too, that crime has its roots in causes common with the causes
of degeneracy shown primarily by these companion two kinds of inadequacy, low
mentality and disorders of the personality.
The age of incidence of crime is an important factor in the present investigations.
The antisocial individual who is to become a criminal often shows his delinquency
at about the age of puberty. The result is that we have a great group of persons,
both males and females, who are committed to institutions for the criminalistic in
early adolescence. Besides, there is the great group of pre-adolescent delinquents.
Both of these groups are, of course, younger than the average age of admission of
immigrants into the United States, but unless the criminalistic tendency is rooted
primarily in feeble-mindedness, it is difficult to diagnose potential criminalistic
qualities in a youth. Our quota fulfillment figures, however, have shown that in
difficulty of diagnosing feeble-mindedness, potential grime, and potential insanity
at Ellis Island, the easiest and surest diagnosis was made of mental deficiency, the
next surest of criminalistic tendencies, especially if rooted in feeble-mindedness or
in dementia praecox, and the most difficult, and consequently the least sure diag-
nosis, was made of the potentially insane.
It is interesting to note that the American negro, who runs low in institutionaliza-
tion in insanity and feeble-mindedness, runs high in crime. In this type of inade-
quacy, the American negro fulfills his quota by 207.85 per cent. There are twice
as many negroes in prisons in the United States as their total population entitles them to.
Mr. VAILE. How about the criminalistic tendencies of the Greeks and the Italians
in this country? -
, Doctor LAUGHLIN. The Italians show a quota fulfillment of 218.49 per cent, while
the Greeks show 293.62 per cent. All of the Balkan States, as a unit, show a quota
fulfillment of 277.67 per cent. Mexico also runs high.
Mr. VAILE. All of the Asiatic countries run high?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. As a unit, the Asiatic born in the United States fulfill their
quota in our prisons by 251.69 per cent. *. t
Mr. WAILE. Which countries run the lowest?
742 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. The countries which run lowest in crime are those which have
contributed most of the elementary foundation of the population of the United
States—such as Great Britain, Scandinavia, Ireland, Germany, and the Netherlands.
Northwestern Europe, as a whole, fulfilled her quota only 83.85 per cent; Great
Britain only 37.97 per cent; Canada, a kindred country, 65.49 per cent. Those
immigrant groups that run high in crime are from the countries of Southern and
eastern Europe. This part of Europe, as a whole; fulfilled her quota by 141.25 per
cent; Italy shows 218.49 per cent; Spain 660 per cent. In fact, the so-called old
immigration, or foundation stocks, runs relatively low in crime, whereas the new
immigration from Southern and eastern Europe runs relatively high in this type of
Social defect, as we find it in custodial institutions of the United States.
Mr. Box. These studies cover the State institutions, but do not include the jails
and municipal institutions which take care of petty crime. The State and Federal
institutions provide commitments for the more serious forms of crime. Do not these
investigations then show records of the more serious crimes or felonies, rather than
of the lesser delinquencies? -
Doctor LAUGHLIN. That is the correct statement of the situation. These studies
in relation to crime covered the most degenerate and antisocial types of conduct.
Because of the higher incidence of criminalistic conduct in this country, shown by
the “new immigration,” compared to that shown by the present-day immigrants
from the nations which supplied our foundation stocks, it makes one wonder whether
this lack of adjustment is due to difference in social training and ideals—the southern
European having been trained to one set of ideals and finds in America a new basis
of conduct to govern him, while the northern and western European finds here the
same requirements which he has been used to meeting in his own country. Is this
a difference in training or a biological difference in the natural reactions of the stocks?
Is one more law-abiding than the other? If the difference is in training and cus-
tomary conduct, then we must either change our own ideals and legal standards or
require a change on the part of the immigrants who differ radically from our laws
and customs. If, however, the failure to meet our requirements, in reference to
conduct, not involving crime, is, in the cases found and reported here statistically,
based upon fundamental hereditary differences, then the admission of such persons
means the change of the ultimate inborn Social capacities of the Americans of the
future to the degree measured by the relative numbers of Such persons who may
become parents in this country. The values shown by these researches do not neces-
sarily measure the relative values of different national stocks, but they do measure
the relative degeneracy found among the racial groups in our population. Whether
these immigrant groups represent fairly their respective home populations is a matter
which we shall consider later. g
The CHAIRMAN. Let us now have the summary in reference to the criminalistic
classes.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Criminality is an attribute of personality which, as a rule, shows
its degeneracy rather early in life. Consequently, the immigration laws and service
of the present generation have been able to keep out the criminalistic individuals to
a remarkably successful degree. Thus, the foreign born, as a whole, contribute only
98.50 per cent of their quota to the criminalistic institutional population of the several
States and Federal Government. Theoretically their quota fulfillment should have
been zero, which it would have been if we had been able to eliminate all criminals
and potential criminals at the border, but in great contrast to insanity, for example,
the United States has been able to reduce criminality among our foreign born, as
measured by inmates of State institutions, to a degree a little lower than that which
characterizes the American population as a whole. -
However, as in the case of many other qualities which may be carried in the blood
or germ plasm and which at the same time may not show in the personality of the
carrier or potential parent, the children of immigrants do not make So favorable a
record, in reference to crime and delinquency, as do the immigrants themselves.
The native born, both parents foreign born, fulfilled their quota 91.14 per cent in the
field of crime, whereas the most criminalistic nativity group is found in the hative
born, one parent native born, one parent foreign born, which group is measured by
a quota fulfillment of 115.58 per cent. The older American stock (81.84 per cent),
that is, the native white, both parents native born, is considerably less criminalistic
than the foreign born or the first generation offspring of immigrants.
- THE EPILEPTIC.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. The fourth type of inadequacy which was studied in the present
investigation is epilepsy. Many persons with epilepsy are found in the population
at large, but there is a type of this disease which the psychiatrists call idiopathic
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33555–23. (Face p. 742.)


































ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 743
epilepsy, which is closely associated with social and personal inadequacy, So close
indeed that many States, in segregating their socially inadequate classes, have found
it necessary and feasible to maintain separate institutions for the epileptic. Thus,
rather than include those whose primary defect is epilepsy as a subclass in insanity or
feeble-mindedness, they are here treated as one of the major Socially inadequated
TOUITOS. $
g fºrence to the quota fulfillments of the several nativity and racial groups in the
United States, epilepsy in institutions shows a statistical condition about midway
between that shown by insanity and that of feeblemindedness. Among the epileptic
in institutions, the foreign born as a unit showed a quota fulfillment of 85 per cent.
This was not bad, just a little better indeed than that of the whole American popula-
tion. But the next generation, the children of immigrants, native white, both parents
foreign born, showed a quota fulfillment of 179.54 per cent, while the native born, one
parent native and one foreign born, showed a quota fulfillment in epilepsy of exactly
200 per cent. Here again we admitted bad blood and did not know it. . If the epileptic
himself had been under observation for any length of time by the immigration authori-
ties, doubtless his personal condition would have been diagnosed, and he could therefore
have been excluded. Doubtless many of the epileptics of foreign birth who are in
State institutions, developed epilepsy after their arrival in the United States, but
here again the great problem is to determine whether the cause of the epileptic mani-
festations existed prior to admission into the United States. . .
The age factor also is important in interpreting our findings in reference to epilepsy
among immigrants. The average age of first commitment to institutions for the epileptic
in the United States is 24 years. Thus, if the average age of immigrants is 28 years, the
chances are very great that a potential epileptic will manifest his disorder before he
applies for admission as an immigrant. Thus, in excluding epileptics, the task of the
immigration, service is, in difficulty, about midway between that experienced in
excluding the feeble-minded on the one hand, and the insane on the other. Also the
effectiveness of exclusion in these three classes is proportional to the difficulty which
I have described.
: MIXED PARENTAGE.
Mr. Box. So with the epileptics, as with other types of Social disorder, the chil-
dren of mixed parentage—one parent foreign born and one native born—show a
higher parcentage of degeneracy than in cases where both parents are foreign born,
or among immigrants themselves; is that not so?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Yes, sir. That is one of the striking results demonstrated
by the statistical analysis of these data. The children may be of the same race
as the immigrants, but one immigrant may have come a generation ago and his
daughter may have married an immigrant of the present generation, or, instead of a
matter of difference in time of immigration, there may be racial mixture. But
One phenomenon stands out quite clearly in these analyses and that is, after
making due allowance for all possible Social adjustment factors, the offspring of
immigrants of a generation ago show a higher percentage of º do the
immigrants of the present day. Theoretically, beginning in 1882, the United States
has been excluding idiots, the insane, the criminalistic and other types of Social
inadequates just as they are excluded now, so that the difference in immigration
laws of exclusion could not account for the difference in quality of blood which we
see manifested when we compare the children of immigrants in degeneracy with
degeneracy among the immigrants themselves. We have attempted to keep out
individuals who are personally inadequate. We have been fairly successful in
doing this, successful in each type of inadequacy in a manner fairly proportional
to the difficulties of the particular tasks of diagnosis. We have not, however, made
quality of blood or hereditary traits a factor. The result is that the hereditary quali-
ties carried by the immigrants are not as valuable as the qualities shown by the immi-
grants themselves.
To Summarize the matter, we find that epilepsy, in its hereditary aspects, is gen-
erally considered, like feeble-mindedness, to be a trait which may be carried by the
blood or germ-plasm, and which, at the same time, may not necessarily show in the
perSon of the carrier. The fact, however, that the trait is relatively easy to diagnose
has enabled the immigration service to keep down the incidence of epilepsy among
the foreign born to 85 per cent, as measured by the relative numbers of institutional
inmates. Epilepsy may appear in childhood, like feeble-mindedness, or, like insanity,
its incidence may be delayed until adult life. Because of the difficulty of diagnosis
and because of its peculiar method of inheritance, as a recessive trait, idiopathic
epilepsy shows a higher incidence in the children of immigrants than among the
immigrants themselves.
. 3 -
744 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
- THE DISEASED. -
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Before I describe my findings in tuberculosis I shall name
another type of the Socially inadequate which was not studied as an independent
group, not because it is one of the major or primary types, both in extent and depth,
but because it is not now institutionalized as a primary defect. -
THE INEBRIATE.
I refer to inebriacy and drug habituism. No State now maintains a State institu-
tion primarily or exclusively for the inebriate. Inebriety and drug habituism are
considered as symptoms and causes which may contribute to other types of inade-
quacy, such as crime, insanity, poverty, and disease, but for institutionalization the
inebriate are no longer treated as an independent or primary class.
Passing over alcoholism and drug habituism, we come to the class of chronic infec-
tious institutionalized diseases. Excluding some of the infectious diseases which may
lead to insanity, we find only two infectious diseases highly institutionalized, pri-
marily as such, in the United States. These are tuberculosis and leprosy.
THE LEPROUS.
Concerning leprosy, let me say that there are only a few institutions in the continen-
tal United States which are maintained for the leprous. The problem is relatively
so small, and so insidious and involves interstate relations so much, that the Federal
Government has recently established a national leprosarium. This institution is
located at Carville, La., under the official designation of United States Marine Hos-
pital No. 66. The number of lepers in the United States is too small to enable us to
make a survey by specific race and nationality, based upon the quota fulfillment plan,
However, our studies show that the foreign born have an incidence of leprosy nearly
twice as great as that of the older American stock, but leprosy, being an infectious
disease, which is hereditary only in the sense of its being transmitted by personal
contamination between parent and offspring, shows a marked improvement in the
children of immigrants, compared with the affectation in immigrants themselves. In
the outlying islands and possessions of the United States, especially Hawaii, the
Canal Zone, Porto Rico, and the Philippine Islands the problem of leprosy looms
large. Indeed, in the Philippine Islands, there is maintained at Culjon the largest
leprosarium in the world, which contained 5,026 patients on September 1, 1922.
Leprosy, however, is a medical rather than an engenical problem. Recent announce-
ments by the medical authorities seem to indicate optimism in their treatment of
this disease. Leprosy, in relation to its importation into the United States, is more
a task of the quarantine service in keeping out infection than of the Immigration
Service in keeping out hereditary degeneracy. .
THE TUBERCULO US.
But the primary type of infectious disease which is institutionalized by the Sev-
eral States of the Union to a degree sufficient to warrant a study on the quota fulfill-
ment plan is tuberculosis. The institutions for tuberculosis are divided into two
main groups: First, those for tubercular children, in which children enter at the aver-
age age of 10 years; second, institutions for tubercular adults, in which the patient
enters at the average age of 30 years. Tuberculosis is thus primarily a disease of
childhood and of early adult life. A person suffering with active tuberculosis would
not be admitted to the United States as an immigrant. We find, however, that many
persons who were destined to manifest tuberculosis have been admitted as immi-
grants. Taking all foreign-born as a unit, we find a quota fulfillment of 120.68 per
cent. The medical world has found out that tuberculosis can be delayed and pre-
vented and even cured. In the balance of the twin causes—heredity and environ-
ment—it is necessary here to analyze the situation as follows: There is a difference
in hereditary susceptibility to infection with tuberculosis and the subsequent devel-
opment of the disease. On the other hand, the nature and virulence of the infec-
tion and the occupation, nutrition, and other environmental factors contribute largely
to the determination and course of the disease. This complex of causes has worked
out a high incidence of tuberculosis among the foreign born, but is still higher among
the children of the first generation. We find that the native white, both parents
foreign born, have a quota fulfillment of 122.97 per cent, while the native white, one
parent native born and one foreign born, show practically, the same incidence,
namely, 122.98 per cent. The Irish in America show a high incidence of this dis-
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33555–23. (Face p. 744.)






































ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 745
ease, and it is generally conceded that this race, together with the Scandinavian, is
especially susceptible to tuberculosis. The Irish quota fulfillment is 135.79 per cent.
The three Scandinavian countries—Norway, Sweden, and Denmark—show a quota.
fulfillment of 213.64 per cent. The representatives of these nations in the United
States seem to be especially nonresistant to tuberculosis under the conditions in which
they find themselves. -: - -
The American negro shows a very low quota fulfillment in this respect, but it is
generally conceded, however, that he is not especially resistant to tuberculosis.
The difference in institutional figures in this respect is accounted for primarily
by the fact that the Southern States do not institutionalize their socially inadequates
to the extent practiced by the Northern States. Southern society is still organized,
more or less, on the plantation system, each unit of which includes a number of
families for which the plantation is more or less responsible. This fact of differential
geographical treatment does not bear greatly upon our statistical findings, because
the immigrants to the United States have not, to any great degree, gone to the Southern
States, in which latter regions the common labor has been supplied largely by the
negro. In analyzing Social and racial conditions and outlooks, if the South has its
negro problem, the rest of the United States has the immigrant problem.
The United States Indians, as a group, have fulfilled their quota for inmates of
institutions for tuberculosis by several hundred per cent. Under white man’s care
and guidance and habits of life, the Indian has proven very nonresistant to
tuberculosis. w
The CHAIRMAN. The Indian is apparently unable to withstand modern civilization.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. To summarize the matter of tuberculosis, we find nearly twice
the incidence of this disease among the foreign born as among the older American
stock, while the first generation offspring of immigrants show an incidence practically
the same as that of the immigrants of to-day. There may be an environmental factor
which accounts for the advance of this disease among the foreign born of to-day, but
it is hardly sufficient to explain the high incidence among the second generation of
foreign stock in this country. There are certain small sections of the country inhab-
ited largely by stocks of Scandinavian and Irish origin which show a high incidence
of tuberculosis. Because of the infectious nature of tuberculosis, it is not possible
to say, from the figures which we have here analyzed, whether the immigrant stock
of the present generation is more or less constitutionally susceptible to tuberculosis
than the older stocks. -
THE BLIN D.
Blindness is not a primary cause for denying admission into the United States.
Because, however, blindness is closely associated with other types of defect and
inadequacy, not many blind find their way to this country as immigrants. Blindness
is easy to diagnose. If it were an excludable trait in itself, it is probable that it
would be as easily excluded as any other condition which might be named. Blindness
is a condition which, So far as the economic and eugenical aspects are concerned,
should be divided into two groups: First, the blind from disease and accident, who
are an economic burden for their own lifetime only. Such persons may carry the
finest hereditary qualities and produce children which will become assets to the
State. On the other hand, there are several types of hereditary blindness which
not only handicap the possessor of them, but which such possessor is certain to pass
on to his offspring. If the eugenical standard were applied to the immigration of
the blind, we should exclude the first type I have described purely on economic
grounds. The Second type—those whose blindness is of a highly hereditary nature—
should be excluded not only on present economic grounds but primarily because of
the type of defect which they would disperse among American families in future
generations. In American institutions for the blind the average age of admission
is about 12 years. Our institutions for the blind show a very low percentage of foreign
born. Judging by the distribution of institutional inmates amóng the nativity"
groups, as shown by the present investigation, we would conclude that in reference
to strength of vision, the best group which exists in the United States to-day are
the foreign born, who show a quota fulfillment of only 13.10 per cent. The next best
group is the native white, both parents foreign born, whose quota fulfillment is 57.31
per cent, and, worst of all, is the native white, both parents native born, or the old
American stock, which shows a quota fulfillment of 155.64 per cent. Many, if not
most, of the most Serious eye defects are dominant traits; that is, they are not carried
hidden in the blood or germ plasm unless they show also in the person of the carrier.
Thus blindness is not an insidious defect to so great an extent as feeble-mindedness,
insanity, and other types of Social inadequacy. After making due allowance for all
possible differential treatment between native and foreign born in institutionalizing
746 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
the blind in the United States, we have to conclude that we are not importing blind-
neSS into the United States to any great extent. Theoretically we should import
none, but compared to other ailments, the record is most satisfactory."
THE DEAF,
Deafness, like blindness, so far as cause is concerned, falls into two great groups:
Those from disease or accident on the one hand, and, on the other, those who are deaf
from hereditary ear defects. As in the case of the blind, the group which is deaf from
disease or accidentis only a present economic, and not a permanent biological or eugen-
ical menace, while those who are deaf from hereditary causes constitute a defect
which should not be added to the American stock by immigration, under any circum-
stances, and which defect the American States should seek to eliminate from the stocks
already established here, by proper eugenic measures. In institutional treatment and
in quota fulfillments we find a conditionin institutions for the deaf practically parallel-
ing that found in the institutions for the blind. In keenness of hearing, the recent im-
migrant stocks are not bringing into the United States any relatively great quantity.
of hereditary deafness or highly impaired sense of hearing. In this respect, the foreign
born (19.77 per cent) are the best nativity group in the United States at the present
time. The poorest hearing is found among the older American stock (134.20 per cent).
We find another interesting phenomenon here. The native born, one parent native
born (75.83 per cent), and the native born, both parents foreign born (82.24 per cent)
are practically the same in soundness of hearing, with a slight advantage in favor of
the native born, One parent foreign born, One native born. As in the case of vision, the
immigrant stocks have brought to the United States sound ears, and, to this extent,
have been a eugenical contribution of value to the stock.
THE DEFORMED AND THE CRIPPLED.
In this study this class included the deformed, the crippled, and the ruptured. As
a group these conditions are brought about by a number of factors, among which
industrial accident and disease must be ranked high. Deformed, crippled, and rup-
tured persons are not admitted to the United States if the particular defect and the
economic condition of the immigrant are such as to prevent his earning a living, or
would be apt to result in his becoming a public charge. So far as accident is con-
cerned, many foreign born are engaged in hazardous occupations and may become
hysically disabled from causes very clearly arising after their admission to the
nited States. One striking feature in the analysis of the data on the deformed, crip-
pled, and ruptured is as follows: The quota fulfillment of these sorts of physical dis-
ability by the foreign born themselves is only 24.62 per cent, while the children of
immigrants—that is, the native white, both parents foreign born—show a quota ful-
fillment of 364.21 per cent, nearly 15 times às great as that of the immigrants themselves.
In America we institutionalize on the average deformed, crippled, and ruptured per-
sons at the age of approximately 10 years. Moreover, we institutionalize children
suffering from physical defects in specialized institutions for the deformed or crippled,
whereas the adult immigrant who suffers bodily breakdown in later life is more apt to
be sent to an institution for the dependent. Doubtless most of the high incidence of
quota fulfillment by the children of immigrants is caused by their hazardous occupa-
tion and other dangerous and unsuited features of their environment. Whether there
is a weakness of stock, relative to the other nativity groups, these figures would only
suggest rather than prove. - -
In reference to blindness, deafness, and deformity it seems clear that, physically,
the bodies of recent immigrants are sounder than those of the average American stock.
We have let in good bodies, because a laborer must have a strong and sound body as
well as to be sound in his senses, but with this sound body we have recently admitted
inferior mental and social qualities of a constitutional nature which neither education
nor better environment can be expected to raise above, or even to approximate, the
average of the Americans descended from older immigrants. --
THE DEPENDENT.
The last of the major groups of the socially inadequate is the dependent. De-
pendency may be looked upon as a sort of scrap basket which receives every biological
type of social inadequacy not cared for, in the particular State or community, by some
highly specialized custodial institution, such as those for the feeble-minded, the
criminalistic, the blind, or the deaf; indeed, in many institutions for the dependent
we find not only economic dependency, but often a mixture of many, if not all, of
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33555–23. (Face p. 746.)
























ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 747
the specialized types of inadequacy, but in no individual is one of them so highly
accentuated as to make the particular ailment the subject of his primary classification,
which determines the type of institution jo which the inmate should be committed.
Dependency, like crime, falls naturally into two age groups. In dependency we
find, first, orphanage or dependency in children, and, second, dependency in old folks,
the latter finding typical exemplification in the county poor farms.
Of all of the several types of the inadequate, dependency was the most difficult to
study from the standpoint of institutions maintained by the State and Federal Govern-
ments, because such a great portion of dependency is cared for by municipal and other
local institutions. - -
POOR RELIEF IN MASSACHUSETTS.
In order, however, to show the trend in municipal and local care of the dependent,
I wish here to introduce some statistics which I have secured and retabulated by the
quota fulfillment method, from the Annual Report of the Department of Public Wel-
fare of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for the year ending November 30, 1921.
We have here secured the data which enable us to make the following comparisons:
During the year, 96,734 received poor relief by the State, towns, and cities of Massa-
chusetts. Of these persons, 69,646 were native born, 26,565 foreign born, and 523
were of unknown nativity.

s_, Per cent of
Per G
º persons re-
-* --> ulation 5f CeylºšP90ſ Quota ful-
Race or nativity group. Massachu- relief in fillment by
setts in Massachu- per cent.
e 1921.
Total population--------------------------------------------------- 100. 0 100.0 100.00
Native born ---------------------------------. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 71.7 70.6 98.46
Both parents native born....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 20. 5 63. 27
1 parent native born, 1 foreign born. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 12.4 116.98
Both parents foreign born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.7 37.7 131. 36
Foreign born. -------------------------------------------------- 28.3 27. 6 97.53
Unknown ------------------------------------------------------|------------ 1.8 ------------
Among the native born, approximately the same number of males and females
received poor relief. Among the foreign born, however, the ratio was approximately
three females to two males, thus indicating a harder task at social adjustment on the
part of the immigrant woman than that faced by the immigrant man. f
By nationality, among the principal nations, the number of foreign-born persons
receiving poor relief was as follows: Canada, 5,690; England and Wales, 1,455; Ireland,
5,140; Scotland, 365; Germany, 204; Scandinavia, 415; Italy, 3,592: Poland and Russia,
3,020. We must remember that this is in a New England State.
In examining the quota fulfillment column (above), we notice principally the ap-
proximate equality in poor relief given to the foreign and the native born. The next
striking feature is that among the native born, the older settled stock, which is that
with both parents native born, received the out-door poor relief only to the extent of
about two-thirds of that received by the whole population, and about one-half of that
received by the native born with one or both parents foreign born. This type of quota
fulfillment among the Socially inadequate seems quite constant, whether the study be
that of an isolated State and a single type of inadequacy—in this case dependency in
Massachusetts—or whether for the whole United States and all types of inadequacy.
The immigrant stocks of one or more generations ago were better fitted Socially and
economically than were the immigrant parents of present native born children.
Let us revert to our own survey. So far as the State governments and the Federal
Government are concerned the institutions which are maintained for the dependent
classes are largely for Soldiers and sailors who, after service to the Nation, have become
homeless in their old age and are adequately taken care of by a grateful country, Re-
gardless of a splendid past history, we must nevertheless list as an adult dependent
the average Soldier and Sailor in a home. If, in the State and Federal institutions
for both the dependent children and the dependent old folks, we make a composite
table, we find the foreign born as a unit fulfilling their quota by 156.72 per cent.
The older American stock seems to be better provided for, because here we find them
fulfilling their quota by 104.09 per cent. This latter, it must be agreed, is not a cred-
itable showing for the economic and Social Organization of the American people.
748 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
THE DEPENDENT NEGRO.
Mr. Box. For the United States as a whole, I notice that the negro has a very
low quota fulfillment; indeed only 25.27 per cent. Is it not true that the American
negro lives largely in rural communities, in which a man of very low estate and
unable to care for himself would not be noticed, or, if noticed, would receive only
passing attention? Therefore the dependent negro who comes under such class
would not be sent to an institution, but would be left to shift for himself as best he
could. Does this fact not affect your findings? - -
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Yes, sir. That is a very important factor in evaluating the
findings of these studies. In the United States, represented principally by the
South, the American negro, as you say, fulfills his quota in dependency in insti- .
tutions by only 25.27 per cent but here, as in other types of social inadequacy other
than crime, the dependent or inadequate negro is taken care of by the plantation,
as Mr. Box has just stated. - -
The CHAIRMAN. In other words, their conditions of living are so low that depend-
ency does not show itself? - -
Doctor LAUGHT IN. That is it exactly. The negro is not institutionalized as are
the native and immigrant groups of the Northern and Western States. Therefore
the quota fulfillment data for the negro are valid only in comparing one type of inade-
quacy with another within the negro group. To compare, without explanation, the
quota fulfillment by the negroes with other nativity groups would not result in
valid findings. º .
In reference to dependency in institutions, the Irish have shown a quota fulfill-
ment astoundingly high, 633.53 per cent. They are not thrifty, as a racial group in
the United States; drink and dissipation were common, so that in many cases,
especially in old age, their economic status was so low that many of them were thrown
on the resources of the State.
3) EPENDENCY BY NATIVITY GROUPS.
In dependency, the older American stock shows an incidence higher than the
newer. The explanation is probably found in the fact that inmates of institutions
for the dependent are usually very young or very old; if very young, they would
not be admitted as immigrants if they were dependent on the State; that is, if they
had no family to care for them. The same rule applies to old persons. In general,
dependency, besides being a sign of misfortune, is highly correlated with the lack
of thrift and energy. Thus we find that the immigrants themselves are, for the most
part, thrifty, but even So, the foreign born show a quota fulfillment of approximately one
and one-halftimesin normal dependency. Their children arealittle better, their quota
fulfillment dropping to practically the same as that of the older American stocks.
The fact that aliens may be deported within five years after landing if, in the mean-
time, they become public charges, doubtless helps the alien showing a little, but not
a great deal, because the average immigrant coming here at the age of 28, in the prime
of life, is not apt to become a dependent through the normal and natural processes of
senility within five years. -
Another factor which may enter here is a differential due to religion. Some religions
care for many of their dependents, which latter do not therefore come into the general
custodial care of the State. Then, too, in State Supported institutions, admission
may be given by preference to the native American rather than to the newer immi-
grant. But allowing for all of these factors, it seems clear that in the matter of family
thrift, if not of personal industry, the immigrants of former generations were Superior
to those of the present time. -
The logical deduction from these facts is that immigration should not be con-
sidered purely as an economic problem for the present generation. It is more than
that. The matter of the soundness of family stock should be added to the balance
when this Nation evaluates the worth of its immigrants, because many immigrants
become parents and, by transmitting their own hereditary traits to their offspring,
influence, in the direction of their own inborn qualities, the character of the American
of the future. ! - - -
ALL TYPES OF THE SOCIALLY INADEQUATE.
I shall now include all of the 10 major types of the Socially inadequate
in one class or group, and shall treat them, as a unit, in the same manner
as each individual subclass has just been treated. Taking all types of inadequates
together, we find that the native white, both parents native born, fulfilled their normal
expectation by only 84.33 per cent. The native white, one parent native and one
foreign born, show a quota fulfillment of 116.65 per cent. The native white, both
iſelative 5ocial Inadequacy of the 5everal 7aſivity ſiroups and
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33555—23. (Face p. 748.)




































































ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 749
parents foreign born, show a quota fulfillment of 109.40 per cent, while the foreign-
born white fulfilled their quota with 145.75 per cent. The American negro shows
only 93.30 per cent quota fulfillment. The nations individually are rated on the
accompanying chart (No. 8), so I shall not repeat their summary findings here.
However, in respect to all types of inadequacy as a unit, it seems interesting to con-
trast, roughly, northwestern Europe, with a quota fulfillment of 130.42 per cent for
the foreign born now in the United States, and southern and eastern Europe, with a
quota fulfillment of 143.24 per cent. -
THE NUMBER OF SOCIAL INADEQUATES.
The CHAIRMAN. What is the number of social inadequates of all types now in
the United States, regardless of race, and how many of them are found among the
foreign born? ~-
Doctor LAUGHLIN. If we accept the current definitions, about 1,000,000 in the whole
population: 150,000 among the foreign born, and perhaps 400,000 among the foreign
stock, that is, either alien born or with one or both parents foreign born. If we define
an inadequate to be a person in a State institution of one of the 10 types we have
just reviewed, it would be possible to give a very much closer statistical answer to
your question. If, however, we include persons who have been committed to insti-
tutions, but are now in the population at large; and also persons who are held in custody
or are receiving aid by local and private charitable and reformatory institutions, the
estimate, as I have just given it, is based upon a large sample Survey rather than
being the direct statistical findings of a survey itself.
Permit me to explain. In this particular survey we canvassed institutions and
received statistical data on the specific diagnosis of institutional inmates in 445 State
and Federal institutions which, at the date of the return, had 210,835 inmates. There
were, in the United States, 212 institutions which did not enter the cooperative plan
of study undertaken by this committee and did not, therefore, make statistical returns.
However, on the basis of institutional number, the sample here described in “Analysis
A” comprised 67.73 per cent of the institutions. Based on the inmate average of
these 67.73 per cent of the institutions, the whole number—657 State and Federal
custodial institutions in the continental United States—would have held approxi-
mately 311,287 inmates. In round numbers it is fair to estimate the number of persons
in State and Federal custodial institutions at about a third of a million. If we include,
besides these larger institutions, the municipal and private institutions, and con-
sider the heavy turnover of all of them, we find that in the United States about
1,000,000 persons are constantly, or have recently been, in custodial care by the
State or municipality, or in private institutions, other than hospitals for the tem-
porarily sick or injured.
Among the 210,835 inmates found in this survey, based on the quota allotment of
14.70 per cent, there was ān expectation of 25,366 foreign-born inmates. In place
of this number, there was actually found 35,612 foreign-born inmates, or 20.63 per
cent of the total, which gives a quota fulfillment of 140.39 per cent, with a very low
probable error. -.
The eugenical and racial aspect of these approximately 1,000,000 social inadequates
requiring custodial care of one sort or another, must be considered in the light of
the statistics which I have analyzed to-day. It is proper to think of them as unfor-
tunates who are not equipped with physical, physiological, mental, or moral quali-
ties adequate to cope successfully as self-sustaining producers in modern civil-
ization. Thus, besides the present economic and the moral and Social drag which
these inadequates entail upon the more energetic and competent portions of society,
it is necessary to inquire into their origin. It is clear, if the number of inadequates
from generation to generation is to be greatly reduced, that a vigorous attack upon
the Source of supply must be made. This custodial 1 per cent of the American popu-
lation is recruited very largely from those families which are characterized by a high
incidence of individuals falling within one of the 10 major classes of social inadequacy.
The human-pedigree studies, which during the last 12 years have been made by the
Eugenics Record Office (and also by this office in collaboration with custodial institu-
tions of many types in different parts of the United States), have demonstrated the
main truth of the principle that custodial inadequates are for the most part recruited
from a relatively small portion of the families of the whole population. This means
that social inadequacy is not a result of accident or bad environment, but that
primarily most custodial inadequacy is founded upon degenerate inheritance. Of
course the element of environment is a very important one and is not to be
slighted nor underrated. * *
750 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
FACTORS IN ANALYSIS OF RESULTs.
There are four factors which must be taken into consideration in analyzing these
Statistical results. The first and primary factor is the difference in constitutional
Susceptibility, of Specific races and nativity groups in the United States, to certain
definite types of social inadequacy. The determination of these facts is the primary
purpose of this particular investigation. If no other factors of considerable influence
entered the determinations, the analysis would be relatively simple. We have meas-
ured the incidence of certain very low types of social inadequacy among the several
immigrant groups in the United States. Whether this is also a measure of their natural
inadequacy in their home countries is another matter. It is, at least, a measure of
what is happening within the samples of their population which have come to this coun-
try. We shall discuss this point further when we consider the relation between high
quota fulfillments and the Suspicion of dumping undesirable immigrants on our shores.
The second important factor is the difference in institutionalization in different
geographical sections of the United States. We have already reviewed a portion of
this feature when reference was made to the relative development of custodial insti-
tutions in the North and the South. ASSociated with, and perhaps the principal cause
of differential racial treatment, in geographical Sections of the country, is to be found
in the geographical concentration of races. The negro is largely concentrated in the
South and is a plantation worker. The inadequates of his race can more easily be
taken care of by the negro families or communities than by the State in highly organ-
ized institutions. . Climate, too, is an important factor. In the North and West, but
especially in the North, where industrial centers are so highly developed, the alien
enters and, upon becoming inadequate, can not revert to his plantation home.
He is left at large in a highly organized industrial center. It is therefore necessary
to institutionalize him. The result of this differential treatment in different sections
of the country shows itself when we find that the negro does net, to any great
extent, get into institutions for the dependent. He does not get into institutions
for the feebleminded, nor, to any large extent, for the insane, but when he becomes
institutionalized, it is principally in prisons. His quota fulfillment here is rela-
tively high. . Crime is a type of inadequacy which can not well be taken care of by
private charity in substitution for State custody, whereas practically every other
type of inadequacy is subject to being handled by charity as offered by private,
religious, and fraternal organizations. &
Racial and nativity group distribution in relation to differential state treatment,
and also to private and religious charity, must be duly weighed.
The third factor is the element of environment or opportunity, which works out
also in differential occupations. The influence of these factors upon social inade-
quacy on the one hand, and upon Social and economic progress on the other is very
great, but the problem is not so great in the United States as it would be in other
countries where there is a more restricted opportunity. We conclude that in the
United States, on the average, the adequacy of the individual is more directly de-
pendent upon his constitutional make-up than upon his opportunity, because of
the great range of chance for employment and education which everyone receives
in the United States. -
The fourth point which must be considered in this analysis in relation to the
different types of Social inadequacy, is the age element. Here we have a com-
plex of factors influencing our statistical results. These factors are the average
age of the immigrant, the average age of onset of the particular inadequacy,
the average age of commitment to custodial institution, together with the provisions
in the immigration act for excluding certain types of inadequates. I will present
now some of the essential facts and figures in relation to the age element, in order
that these data be available for use in interpreting the results of this survey.
g” . . AVERAGE A.G.E OF IMMIGRANTS.
In 1921 the average age of immigrants was 28.18 years. This seems older than the
average of the earlier immigrants. Thus, according to Bromwell's records, which
give every evidence of authenticity, the greatest number of immigrants arriving in
1820 belonged to the age group between 20 and 25 years. This Same maximum was
shown for every succeeding year until 1829, when, for that year and the succeeding
year, 1830, the maximum number of immigrants belonged to the age group, 25 to
30 years. In 1831 it fell again to the 20 to 25 group, rose to the 25 to 30 in 1832, fell
again to the 20 to 25 group, and remained there until the year 1840, when it was
found in the 25 to 30 age group. In 1841 it dropped again to the 20 to 25 age group,
and remained there until the end of Bromwell’s tables in 1855. Thus, for statis-
tical purposes, the average American immigrant is a person in the early twenties,
We/a/ive CŞocia/ Inadequacy o/ //e 5epera/ Wa/tvićy Groups
and Zamºyan/ Z.acas in Če Z/ri/ed. Cºa/es.
AL INADEQUACY
Ano/adºng. /*e4Zern znaea'ness, 2nson tºy, crime, €22/92&y, ºz. 36°rozz čosis, 4/22 are ess,
a'eaſºness, aºr”:'y and aºzendency. Zasec 2,222 22 arzadysz's oA 42 /222a2-
22&ore of 445 s?ača area. Aeaeraž azas Aoaza/ 22s22A., Azors.
A ºr cené &A &ro/a A%2/3//mez &
0 40 60 80 100
I i g i | . 84 39
&zzzzzº 53. t4.
J///y 57.” + 5.”
//A ////Z, Zozº ZAZA/7.5 //47//zzºo/, 84* + 1"
A%//04/, //za/po 86." + 0.” -
A//57.7/4 -/////y/.4/PP 91. f. i.” <!,
//////7 .5747:3,444 Azziz 40% zºo/2244.35 or Pace awo cozoº $3" + 0.”
i £4//4/4 $9.” + i.”
Žazz, 103.” re.”
&//za/yy 107.” + 0.”
130 140 160 180 200 230–240 *#9–49– 300 –-º-º:
I j | g J 3. J | I-
|
º
ſº
///7/4 ºz. 20% Azews Azzzzz/.222, 109" toº
//zz//a/24//0.5 !!!.” +774 h
&PA47 A/za/a II2" + 1"
//47//Z Mº/7Z, 20A 24/4/r/.47/12: ooz Azzºzºwºozy II6.” + 0.5°
2524/////4!/4 H8.” + 1."
CHINA 25.” +6.”
A/o/7////z.57% Az/Po/-a i30.* + 0.”
A4//ca. 133.” +4.”
Azz A3/A #39.” +3.5°
Azz /?/PA/4/y-Zo/P/y 140.” + 0.”
CŞ0/7/A437//y Az/Poez |43.” + 0°
Azazy j44.* +1+
A227&64z 166" +6”
Azz AAZAA/y 57.47A3 I?5* +3.”
//.57 ///es 180° rº"
//?/55/4, A2ZA/V/ Ano A/yz///? I63.” + 1."
&Pazza (90.” + 4.”
7%azy 199" +6."
AZAZA/ya 208:* + I*
//Ax/øø 209" tº
Æ/444/4 227” t 14* - .
Tº dº/24//y 400° #10.”
£º
§
º
& §
ºº::g
00 ;I
JA///4 600"t22.
º # f ſ "I 1 * 1– i º | # l | f f | f | | | | º | | | | ſ | |
Q 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 130 200 220 240 260 28° 306
43%/ana Azore.
1, Znstitutional quota. is determined 6% proportioning, numéers Co/7– particular group or race. by fhel Żuota. a//ofeq & ſhe Aortica/ar .goujo or
stituting the whoſe institutiona/ population, found by Special/ instºla - TC. C. e. -
tional survey, among the severa/ nativity goups and alien races 5.7%us. A ſhe percent or Quota fu/ſ/ment as greater han 700, ſhe
according, to their re/affve numbers found in the whoſe /29/w/a^n, Aarticular group or race has exceeded its quota in Supplyin Social/
of the 2nited States éy the Census of 1910. trade?aaſes in state ond federa/ ſhstra/ens' in #4e unifed Stafes. If at
2. The ratio or quota fulf://nent for each nativit roup or race as is ſess ſhan 100, the /oarº Caſar 7uota ſacks fu/frſ/ment éy Such
found hy dividing the ocłaał. numéer of instituffonó ſhrmates of the / proportion as he /2aráčaſar Aver cerré (; /ess ſhan 100.
33555–23. (Face p. 750.)






























ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 751
in the prime of physical vigor, just entering or approaching the reproductive period,
and is a potential citizen, settler, and parent. There is an important relation
between the age of immigrants and the age of commitment to institutions for the
socially inadequate in the United States. -
AVERA GE A.G.E OF INSTITUTIONAL CHARGES,
Bearing in mind that the average immigrant is in his twenties, the following table
(made from first-hand institutional returns) for ages of first commitment to custodial
institutions is significant, in that it indicates which classes are more apt to be sorted
out by immigration exclusion, and which enter only to be committed to custodial
care upon later development of inadequacy:
1. For the feeble-minded—average age of first commitment about 17 years.
2. For the insane—about 41 years. &
3. For the criminalistic we must make two groups: First, for the reformatories
for youths—first commitments at about 17 years of age, and second, the prisons for
adults—first commitments at about 32 years of age.
4. The epileptic—first commitments at about 24 years of age.
5. The inebriate: Doubtless the habit of excessive use of alcohol and drugs is in
most cases acquired in youth, but commitment to institutions primarily for this pur-
pose is not now an administrative custom of America. Inebriety is considered a
symptom of other disorders, and inebriates are found among all custodial classes,
varying in age from boys and girls in the reform schools to the oldest institutional
inmates. t; -
6. The diseased: Class A, the tubercular, falls into two groups—the institutions for
tubercular children find admission at about 10 years of age, institutions for tubercular
adults at about 30 years of age. B, for the leprous, the institutions fall into two
groups, first for the children, and second for adults. C, the syphilitic. Venereal dis-
ease, especially syphilis, is the contributing cause for many types of Social inadequacy,
and, like inebriety, this ailment is found among the inmates of many types of insti-
tutions for the inadequate. The commonest ages are, for one group, children con-
genitally affected, and, second, young adults.
7. The blind—average age of admission about 12 years.
8. The deaf-average age of admission about 9 years.
9. The deformed and crippled—average age of admission about 10 years.
10. The dependent. Here again we have two groups: First, the orphans and de-
Serted children, varying in age from birth to 4 or 5 years; second, the senile group,
represented at present principally by old Civil War sailors and soldiers in homes, and,
in the smaller institutions, by the defectives and dependents in the local almshouses.
COST OF NATIVE AND ALIEN INSTITUTIONAL INMATES.
. The CHAIRMAN. Apart from the social and racial expense, what is the expenditure
in dollars and cents, due to aliens or the foreign born in institutions?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. The last complete survey of State expenditures for custodial
institutions was one which I made for the Bureau of the Census, on expenditures for
the year 1916. We find that, on the average, in that year the several States spent
17.3 per cent of all of their State government expenditures in maintaining State cus-
todial institutions for the socially inadequate. This per cent varied from 30.5 in
Massachusetts, 5.4 in Alabama, and 3.5 per cent in the District of Columbia. The
total State expenditures for maintaining the State custodial institutions in 1916 was
$75,203,239. Prices and costs, both of private living and of State government, have
increased greatly since 1916. We do not know what a new survey would show in
actual money—doubtlessnotless than $100,000,000. But, with the best figures we have,
if we maintain the percentage relations of 1916, we find that the States are expending
17.3 per cent of their total expenditures on custodial institutions. At present 20.63 per
cent of these immates are foreign born. If, therefore, it costs, on the average, the same
to maintain an alien as a native in a custodial institution, then we would find the
Several State governments expending, on the average, 3.57 per cent of their expendi-
tures for all purposes in maintaining aliens in State institutions. -
The percentage of alienstock—that is, the persons of foreign birth, and those with One
or both parents of foreign birth—who were found in custodialinstitutions by our present
survey, amounted to 44.09 per cent of the whole institutional population. These persons
are generally designated as foreign stock. On the same plan of reasoning we find
that the foreign stock in State custodial institutions—excluding the municipal and
private institutions of all sorts—is costing the Several State governments 7.63 per
cent of all of their expenditures for all purposes. -- --
Mr. RAKER. I understand that these are State institutions alone.
752 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
The CHAIRMAN. Yes; these figures do not include the city or county institutions.
Mr. RAKER. Nor those maintained by churches and lodges, such as the Knights
of Columbus, the Moose, and the Masonic organizations?
The CHAIRMAN. No; this Survey did not cover anything except those custodial
institutions which the Several State and the Federal Governments maintain directly.
FEDERAL AIUTHORITY AND STATE RESPONSIBILITY.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. The present cash outlay for maintaining, social inadequates
is, from the broader point of view, only one of the relatively minor costs of degen-
eracy. . We found in several types of the inadequates that the children of immigrants
fulfilled their quota to an extent several times greater than that fulfilled by their
immigrant parents. Here the great responsibility of the Federal Government is to
exclude inadequates and potential inadequates. The law, of course, attempts to
do this, but our institutional Survey has shown that the law needs strengthening
and that the immigration service needs greater support and facilities in enforcing the
provisions of the statute. If the Federal Government had to maintain all of these
inadequates at its own expense, there would be more poetic justice in the whole
situation than is found now, but as the matter stands, the Federal Government has
the authority in relation to immigration, whereas the Several State Governments have
the responsibility and expense in caring for inadequate immigrants and the children
of inadequates who have come into the United States through the Federal sieve.
The Federal Government attempts to ease the situation by deporting certain inade-
quates, but the statute of limitations is so short—five years, after which immigrants can
not be deported—that this last line of defense is not, when measured in the light of
national economics and race conservation, an effective remedy.
RESPONSIBILITY OF PREVENTION.
In the matter of the prevention of social inadequacy the several State governments
have the great task. In this field the Federal Government’s activities are limited
largely to controlling immigration so that the inadequate classes shall not be recruited
from the newly arrived persons and families. However, the geographical regions in
which the Federal Government, like a State government, by direct social authority,
can work against race deterioration are the District of Columbia, where the United
States has complete jurisdiction, and in the Territories and outlying islands. Also
in the fields of interstate coordination and research, through the welfare, medical, and
other scientific bureaus or divisions of the Government, the Nation’s activities will
count heavily for or against race conservation.
FINAL VALUES.
Our immigration sieve sorts out the feeble-minded, the criminalistic, the blind, the
deaf, the deformed, and the dependent better than it does the insane and the epileptic.
After making due allowances for the major factors which should be considered in
the interpretation of these statistics, the logical conclusion is that the differences in
institutional ratios, by races and nativity groups, found by these studies represent
real differences in social values, which represent, in turn, real differences in the
inborn values of the family stocks from which the particular inmates have sprung.
These degeneracies and hereditary handicaps are inherent in the blood.
In order to reduce the high incidence of degeneracy in future immigration to the
United States, it will be necessary for the exclusion statutes to take into considera-
tion the stock from which the immigrant springs. Such an examination can be made
in a satisfactory manner only in the country of origin of the particular would-be
emigrants. -
TIME OR GENERATION AND QUALITY OF IMMIGRANTS.
In considering each of the several types of the Socially inadequate in reference to
relative frequency among the several nativity and racial groups in the United States,
we have found great differences among the races in the proneness of their members to
break down into certain definite antisocial or custodial types. If we fuse all of these
types of inadequates into one great group, we find that the stock which has been in the
TInited States two or more generations is, on the average, the soundest and most clearly
adapted to the Social conditions of America.
The CHAIRMAN. By time of arrival, what percentages do the returns show in refer-
ence to the relative commonness of Social inadequacy among the older and the newer
immigration, so called? - -
Doctor LAUGHLIN. In the accompanying analyses, the persons described are
living and are inmates of State custodial or residential institutions at the present
g
Comparison of quota fulfillments among the several types of the socially inadequate, by nativity groups and principal countries of birth.
t
\
º 2. Insane. 3. Criminalistic. 9. Dependent. †:
* s 5. Tu- All
Nativity group or countr * - 8. De- types
of birth. y Pº. Manic Juve- i. * hº 6. Blind. 7. Deaf. f.r.l. * º#.
Morons. All mºlali: senile.|, A. | #. Aft| |, || |" e Qhil | Adult. . All Socially
"| types. prae- º: - types. delin- || crime. types dren. types. inade-
COX. - quency. quate
1. All groups and coun- Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. | Per ct. | Per ct. | Per ct. | Per ct. Per ci. | Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. | Per cł | Perct. Per ct. | Per ct. Per ct. | Per ct
tries----------------- 100.00 100, 00 100.00 100.00 || 100.00 100.00 || 100, 00 100.00 || 100.00 100, 00 100.00 100.00 100.00 || 100.00 || 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 100.00
2. Native white, both par- -
ents native born. ----|- - - - - - - - 107.70 |--------|--------|-------- 73. 27 | 92, 59 || 77. 36 81.84 || 93.05 | 89.40 | 155. 64 134, 20 | 66. 21 || 136, 98 || 97.42 || 104.09 84.33
3. Native white, mixed
parents--------------|-------- 190.27 --------|--------|-------- 103.90 | 139. 17 | 105.76 115.58 200.00 | 122.98 || 81.29 || 75.83 || 145.45 105.56 | 101.00 || 101.77 | 116.65
4. Native white, both par- - - -
ents foreign born. ----|- - - - - - - - 165.89 --------|--------|-------- 108.49 || 116. 29 80. 67 || 91. 14 179. 54 122.97 || 57. 31 82.24 364. 21 | 67. 81 || 108.91 || 101.97 || 109, 40
5. Total native white..... 124, 93 || 125. 82 | 81 97 86. 10 81.96 || 82.60 | 101. 14 80. 47 | 86. 55 | 118, 71 98.68 || 130. 52 119. 25 129. 42 | 121. 16 || 99.90 | 103.48 91.89
6. Foreign born white. . . . 29.80 || 31.91 || 231.76 193.06 229.92 225.76 52.46 100, 60 | 86.44 || 71.65 133. 29 || 10.98 14.88 || 12.24 2. 76 165. 14 | 137. 78 145.75
7. Total foreign white -
Stock------------------------ 114.76 --------|--------|-------- 156. 18 94. 11 || 93.57 | 93.73 138. 58 || 127. 28 || 42. 53 53. 16 || 178. 06 || 47. 83 || 130. 72 | 116. 76 125. 79
8. Negro, all parentage . . . 25.43 16. 32 || 45. 27 | 67.38 || 46. 33 52.49 || 143.01 || 234.86 || 207. 85 12. 16 || 39.85 5. 49 || 83.64 | 16. 67 || 70.41 16. 11 25.27 93. 30
9. Indian, Chinese, Jap- ~ -
anese, etc.------------ 7. 69 15. 71 55. 10 || 130, 29 || 120, 00 || 47.94 || 426. #9 || 104.93 | 198.95 10. 71 || 677. 78 || 163.64 52, 17 | 33.33 || 454. 55 7. 27 | 8.1. 82 | 123. 86
10. º - - - - -, * * * * * * - - - - - 30.41 26.91 242. 26 || 195. 39 224. 41 198. 43 32.84 97. 16 83.85 85. 34 || 119. 89 13. 49 16. 78 21.05 1. 28 175. 08 156.76 138.94
11. Northwestern Europe. 24.06 | 18.98 221. 45 185.65 || 311. 48 198.36 9, 52 45.38 37.97 || 80.36 94.08 8.33 11. 49 |--------|-------- 261. 29 233. 81 130. 42
12. Great Britain... . . . 24. 14 27.27 136.41 160.60 304. 55 156.81 11. 02 52.54 43.96 || 145, 56 72. 09 7. 69 15.62 |--------|-------- 243. 07 || 217. 65 112.96
13. Ireland.----------- 9. 37 8, 16 || 394. 03 289, 79 587. 76 || 305. 44 3.05 || 38.32 31.01 | 108.00 | 135.79 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 708. 55 | 633. 53 | 208.84
14. Germany. -- - - - - - - - 28.57 | 19.56 | 199.88: 170. 11 247. 78 174. 53 7. 44 42.39 || 35. 16 || 73. 51 24. 57 - - - - - - - - 6.15 ---------------- 134, 16 | 120, 06 107.35
15. Scandinavia. . . . . . . 27. 12 20, 00 180. 65 131. 11 | 182. 22 | 193. 33 11. 57 41.59 35. 38 13. 98 213. 64 15. 38 9.37 --------|-------- 85. 71 76.43 118, 58
16. Netherlands. . . . . . . 66.67 || 36. 15 173.81 215. 38 350, 00 | 161. 53 16.67 || 71. 11 60. 71 22.22 | 112.50 || 300.00 | 66.67 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100.00 | 93. 33 112. 83
17. France------------ 16. 67 || 19, 16 || 260. 98 || 166, 66 350, 00 || 158.33 54. 55 140.91 123.64 || 33.33 125.00 |- - - - - - - - 100.00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 276. 92 || 240, 00 133. 33
18. Switzerland. . . . . . . 16.67 8.46 62.79 | 184, 61 80.00 | 69.23 25.00 || 28.26 27. 59 44.44 | 1.1. 11 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 121. 43 || 106. 25 53.84
19. Southern and Eastern • *
Europe-------------- 32.92 33.02 || 261.94 197.81 | 81.87 | 188.50 62.70 | 161.65 141. 25 | 89.04 || 148.02 20.37 22.31 50, 00 2.98 || 55.91 || 50.39 143. 24
20. Italy. ------------- 20.31 || 25.34 220. 21 | 194. 52 | 106. 12 157. 53 62. 31 259. 44 218. 49 83.84 123.97 42.86 8. 57 | 66.67 11. 11, 43.71 40.48 || 144, 52
21. Portugal. - - - - - - - - - 33.33 || 48.33 261.90 | 183.33 || 100.00 181.66 | 150.00 195.45 185. 71 || 150.00 375.00 |: - - - - - - - - - - - - - |--|--------|-------- 114. 29 114, 29 | 166.66
22. Spain. ------------ 100.00 || 55.00 562.50 || 650, 00 |- - - - - - - - 415.00 200.00 || 775. 00 | 660.00 | 100.00 i 300.00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 400.00
23. Russia, Finland, . -
and Poland..... - 50.00 50. 53 || 391.01 || 232.97 73.02 || 265.95 || 62.87 142.68 126.05 || 117. 19 200.00 | 10.53 || 46.67 50.00 - - - - - - - - 80.00 || 71. 89 || 183.51
24. Austria-Hungary. . 26.58 20.99 || 162.35 | 170, 71 | 73.33 134, 26 || 61.49 || 70. 27 | 68.37 || 64. 52 || 70.94 | 11.11 11.63 | 12.50 - - - - - - - - 28.34 25. 24 91.51
25. , All Balkan States. . 20.00 24.58 220. 78 112.50 | 62.50 | 162.50 | 38. 10 || 339.02 || 277.67 75:00 379. 16 50.00 - - - - - - - - 300.00 - - - - - - - - 136, 00 | 121. 43 175. 00
26. Greece------------- 20.00 15.45 || 251.43 || 118, 18 || 75.00 172.72 40.00 || 362. 16 || 293. 62 57.14 || 436. 36 100.00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 172. 73 || 146. 15 190. 90
27. Asia------------------- 22.22 || 14.50 | 163.64 || 100.00 || 28, 57 | 130.00 38.89 || 305.63 || 251.69 || 50.00 | 184. 62 50.00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 80. 95 70.83 139.28
28. China---------------------|-------- 55.00 | 83.33 100, 00 78.33° 80.00 || 414, 29 || 337.04 || - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100.00 * * * - - - - - , s = e º 'º - - - - - us as ºs e - - - 33.33 28.57 125. 23
29. Japan. ------------|--------|-------- 16.67 28.57 |........ 42.85 / 14.29 | 192.00 | 153. 13 | - - - - - - - - 40.00 --------------------------------|--------|-------- 57.81
30. Canada........-------- 15. 79 || 22, 90 | 120. 52 | 129.00 | 134.09 | 124. 42 27, 35 | 75.45 65. 49 || 75, 56 107.06 |- - - - - - - - 29. 03 50.00 - - - - - - - - 208.82 | 186.84 99. 21
31. West Indies - - - - - - - - - - - 50.00 || 34.00 405. 88 || 120.00 | 100.00 | 180.00 || 60.00 || 372.22 || 318. 18 || 50.00 60.00 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 160, 00 | 133. 33 180. 00
32. Mexico. --------------- 36. 36 || 31.66 115. 58 420.83 212. 50 | 137. 50 557. 14 545. 83 || 549. 04 || 25.00 6.25 - - - - - - - - * c = * - * * * I as s as sº * * * * h ºr e º sº dº sº “ - 4.00 - - - - - - - - 209, 62




754 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
time. Thus the foreign born represents the immigrants of the present generation.
The native born, both parents foreign born, represent the stock of the immigrants
of a generation ago. The native born, one parent native born, one parent foreign
born, represent, on the average, the immigrants of more than one and less than two
generations ago; while the native born, both parents native born, are descended
from the immigrant stock which came to this country two or more generations ago.
Thus comparisons among these Several groups are also comparisons among immigrants
of their respective generations. The accompanying table shows this relationship:
Table showing correlation between time, nativity group, generation number, and prevail-
ing nationalities of white European immigrants into the United States.
Approximate iºrit- Average generation number of | Prevailing nationalities
time of arrival. Nativity group. É. StockS. among immigrants.
1900–1921- - - - - - -] Foreign born................ Present generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Italians, Austrians,
- Russians, Jews. .
1880–1900. . . . . . . Native born, both parents | One generation ago... . . . . . . . . . . . . German, Irish.
foreign born. - -
1870–1880. . . . . . . Native born, one parent for- Generation and a half ago........ German, Irish. .
- eign born, one native born. -
1776–1870....... Native born, both parents | Two or more generations ago— English, Dutch, French,
native born. +. * is, the older American fºam, 's cotch,
St OCkS. . rish. .
The column headed “Prevailing nationalities among immigrants” records the
dominant racial types of the generation. But there is, nevertheless, a certain con-
tinuity of immigrant streams from the several European countries. Both the relative
and the absolute widths of these several immigrant streams have fluctuated greatly
from decade to decade. -
The best measure of the racial and eugenical values brought in by the immigrants
of each particular generation is determined by measuring the social qualities found
to-day in the descendants of the particular immigrant group or generation.
In the matter of time, the most logical explanation of the statistical facts here given
is, in general, as follows: So far as absence of degeneracy in stock can be judged by
the absence, in particular nativity groups, from State custodial and residential insti-
tutions, the best—that is, the least degenerate—immigrant stock was that which
came to the United States two or more generations ago (84.33 per cent of quota)
and is now represented by the native born white, both parents native born. The
next best is that which came a generation ago (109.40 per cent of quota) and is now
represented by the native born white, both parents foreign born. The next best is
the stock which came here a generation and a half ago (116.65 per cent of quota)
and married native born mates. As a whole, the foreign born (140.39 per cent of
quota) rank lowest in quality, or highest in rate of incidence of social inadequates.
There is one phenomenon which shows quite persistently in the present analysis—
that the native stock, both parents foreign born, are, as a rule, not so subject to
Socially inadequating disorders as are the native stock, one parent foreign born, one
parent native born. The explanation of this can be determined only by specific
studies in mate selection covering the period of the past two generations. -
The accompanying table (below) shows, by comparison of quota fulfillments, the
relation between the rate of incidence of each major type of Social inadequacy, on
the one hand, and the time of immigration of the immigrant stock on the other.
CoMPARATIVE QUOTA FULFILLMENTS IN INADEQUACIES OF THE OLDER AND MORE
. RECENT IMMIGRANT STOCKS, EXCLUDING LIVING IMMIGRANTS.
... ;-----> | More recent. ;...,...; ; More recent
º: . immigrant º: . immigrant
- §. Stock: Native - - § §. stock; Native
bºarº bºº, 9.9 | bºaº boº, one 9,
nati gº both parents º: born. both parents
native born. foreighborn. * foreign born.
1. Feeble-minded . . . . . 107.70 173.75 || 6. Blind.... . . . . . . . . . .. . 155.64 64.90
2. Insane----------. . . . . . 73.27 - 107.03 || 7. Deaf... . . . . . . . . . . --- * 134.20 | 80.21
3. Criminalistic.- . . . . . 81, 84 98.88 || 8. Deformed - - - - - - - - - - 66.21 2.94.96
4. Epileptic. - - - - - - - - w = 93.05 186.02 || 9. Dependent . . . . . . - - - 104.09 101.91
5. Tuberculous. . . . . . . . 89.40 122.98 || 10. All types. . . . . . .--- 84.33 111.69
p
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 755
…”
The facts provided by this table (foot of p. 754) indicate that:
(a) In so far as (7) blindness and (8) deafness are concerned, recent immigrant
stocks are much sounder than the older.
(b) In (9) dependency on the State the two time-groups are about even,
(c) In reference to (1) feeble-mindedness, (2) insanity, (3) crime, (4) epilepsy,
(5) tuberculosis, and (8) deformity, the older immigrant stocks are vastly sounder
than the recent. +
The number of inmates dealt with in these calculations is large enough to justify
considering the several groups as fairly representative Samples of their particular
types in the whole population. -
STUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.
Mr. Box. I trust that the gentleman plans to give his own conclusions in reference
to º: best immigration policy, which he has formed as a result of these scientific
studies. -
The CHAIRMAN. Having been presented the facts and had their analysis explained,
the committee is ready to hear any conclusions which Doctor Laughlin may have
arrived at in these studies. * *
Doctor LAUGHLIN. The conclusions which one may logically find at the termination
of a research are those which are based upon data and conditions; they should not be
influenced by sentiment or previous attitude.
We find that immigration is one of the three or four most important factors which
are now at work influencing the future American type. The other most powerful
factors are mate selection and differential fecundity. Over the latter two of these
three factors, the customs of the people and the marriage laws of the several States
exercise a controlling influence. This leaves one field, that of immigration, in which
the authority and responsibility of the Federal Government stand out clearly. -
The present studies, made under the auspices of this committee, have for their pur-
pose the measurement of the specific kinds of degeneracy and inadequacy found in
the different racial and nativity groups in the United States. The statistical part of
these studies has just been reviewed in outline and is set forth in detail in the accom-
panying tables and charts. (Summary, p. 753.) Theoretically, our immigration and
deportation laws are aimed at keeping out all social inadequates. These studies in
reference to the foreign born in institutions have found a measure of the degree of
failure of the immigration and deportation laws and Service to function completely as
is their intent. The great cost in dollars has just been reviewed. The still greater
cost in economic and social drag and, most of all, in racial deterioration can not be
measured in dollars, and therefore, until Some better measuring scale is devised,
we shall have to be content with a descriptive analysis of the facts and figures in
hand. The outstanding conclusion is that, making all logical allowances for environ-
mental conditions, which may be “unfavorable to the immigrant, the recent immi-
grants, as a whole, present a higher percentage of inborn Socially inadequate qualities
than do the older stocks. -
THE “DUMPING’’ OF SOCIAL INADEQUATES.
In relation to certain types of Social inadequacy, Some of the European nations
have exceeded their respective quotas by many times. Thus, whenever a given
quota fulfillment among the foreign born in institutions crosses, Say, the 200 per cent
mark, it is an indication of an unusual condition. If the statistics are sound, it
seems that either normally the people of the particular nation are characterized by a
high incidence of degeneracy and feeble-mindedness, or that the particular nation
has been sending its undesirables to the United States, possibly as the easiest and
cheapest way to handle its potential custodial cases. Quota fulfillments above
200 per cent with relatively low probable errors, deserve special investigation. We
should, in such cases, determine the facts and should especially be active to guard our
country against inferior and antisocial human stocks from such particular countries.
Mr. RAKER. Do you recall any specific instances? . . e &
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Some of our finest and most desirable immigrants come from
Norway. Still this incident happened in Norway, as related by an acquaintance
of mine who is a native of Norway and who devotes his life to the study of racial
conditions. A young man had committed Some offense for which he was brought
before a judge. The judge said, “We will send him to prison.” Thereupon the
townsmen made an appeal and said, “No; do not send him to prison, we will make
up a purse and send him to the United States.” . So the townsmen made up a purse,
and thus our immigrant population was increased by one Socially undesirable person,
33555–23–ses 7-c.—3
756 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
perhaps to become a sire of future American citizens. That sort of thing does not
happen often enough in Norway to increase her per cent quota fulfillments in Ameri-
can institutions (which is 113.46 per cent), very far above the level of that found in
our older stocks. As a rule, we get good immigrants from Norway. But if we
analyze the findings in reference to some other nation, one whose quota fulfillment is
very high, several times the normal, we are suspicious, from the figures alone, that
Something of this sort is rather common. Such cases should be followed up by con-
Sular inquiry. - - *
Mr. Box. If it will not cause the gentleman to digress too much, I want to ask
him right here, in view of this large percentage of the feeble-minded and other types
of inadequates, which are coming from other nations, what, in his opinion, would be
the proper remedy for this condition?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Granted that the service is perfected so that practically no
immigrants come to the United States surreptitiously, in order to prevent “dumping”
of the sort described, it will be necessary for the United States to add still higher
standards to its list of personal requisites for the admission of immigrants. .
PERSONAL AND FAMILY HISTORY STANDARDS.
Building on the standards of Soundness for mind and body, at present required
in the examination at Ellis Island, we must add a requirement for sound reputation,
and also one for Soundness of family stock, the evidence for which facts should be
presented to our immigration attachés abroad (if such are provided for); and the
attainment of certain high standards in these fields should be demonstrated, by the
would-be immigrant, to the Satisfaction of an American cousul before the “immigrant
passport” would be viséed by the consul. &
Particularly in the field of insanity, the statistics indicate that America, during the
last few years, has deen a dumping ground for the mentally unstable inhabitants of
other countries. Admission of immigrants on the basis of personal and family his-
tories is essential to keeping down the great percentage of alien insanity in our
institutions.
The CHAIRMAN. The United States can require any amount of information it desires
from immigrants. •
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Heretofore, the United States has taken upon itself the burden
of showing, principally by its own examinations, whether an immigrant may or may
not be admitted into the United States. This was a negative requirement on the
part of the would-be immigrant. If this were changed to a positive requirement which
demanded that the would-be immigrant demonstrate to the satisfaction of the American
immigration attaché, his personal and family soundness, the United States would
still be acting well within its rights as an immigrant-receiving country, and would
have taken, a great step in advance in sorting immigrants on the basis of inborn
quality, which is the measure or prediction of ultimate worthiness in citizenship.
Mr. RAKER. Have you the quota fulfillments for all nationalities? Which countries
show the highest rate in insanity? For instance, Russia—have you the quota fulfill-
ment for Russia? - -
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Yes, sir. For Russia, Finland, and Poland—for the pre-war
Russia—the quota fulfillment in insanity is 265.95 per cent.
Mr. RAKER. What other countries run high in this respect? -
Doctor LAUGHLIN. There is Ireland, with 305.44 per cent; Bulgaria, 300 per cent;
Turkey, 200 per cent; northwestern Europe, 198.36 per cent; Scandinavia, 193.33
per cent, and all foreign born, as a unit, 192.85 per cent. It has been suggested that
the high incidence of insanity among the foreign born is related, in some manner, to
the high nervous organization, easily broken down, which impels a European to come
to the New World. But it is doubtful whether such a correlation could be established,
at any rate there is no reason why such persons may not be kept out of the country by
theimmigration laws and practices of the United States. We need fine nervous organiza-
tion, but we must have it under control; we must have sound minds and sound bodies
in our immigrants, especially in those who are to become parents of future genera-
tions of Americans.
RACE MIXTURE.
Mr. RAKER. The matter of race mixture seems very important.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Race mixture always results whenever two races come into and
long remain in close contact. Time is an important element, but the result of the so-
called “melting pot” is determined by the following factors; first, the nature of the
à foundation human stocks, second, the quantity and quality of immigration, third
mate Selection, and fourth, differential fecundity and survival. The thread of hered-
ity runs through the whole process. This is why, in our future immigration legislation,
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 757
it will be necessary to include the element of family history or biological pedigree, if
we are to improve the American human stock by immigration. There has, thus far, been
no suggestion in our laws of any requirement except personal value in our Sorting of
would-be immigrants. The surest biological power, which the Federal Government
now possesses, to direct the future of America along Safe and Sound racial channels is to
control the hereditary quality of the immigration stream which for four centuries has
been and which is still flowing from Europe into the Western Hemisphere. Early
immigration to a virgin country establishes the type of culture, but later immigration
exercises a powerful pull in the direction of its own native and acquired traits.
THE ASYLUM IDEA. IN IMMIGRATION POLICY.
The asylum idea, too, must give way. . The American people have always considered
their country as being ready to receive the oppressed and unfortunate of other nations.
However, for the last few decades, the nature of Some of our immigrant strains has been
such as to cause America to change her position, in this matter, from one of Sentimen-
tality to one of practical patriotism. We have shown that the generous.asylum idea,
if made dominant in our immigration policy, not only provides a home and a new start
for the would-be immigrant, who is splendidly equipped in mind and body with
qualities which are desirable and which make him a teachable citizen, but we find
coming, also, with Such sound and desirable stock, Europe's unfortunate and degener-
ate strains. The United States must differentiate sharply between a political asylum
for high minded and splendidly equipped but much oppressed patriots, on the one
hand, and a custodial asylum for degenerates, on the other. - .*
LIST OF HIGHER IMMIGRATION STANDARDS.
The CHAIRMAN. Is it not your purpose now, at the conclusion of your statistical
study, to set forth your findings in categorical fashion? How would you remedy the
conditions which you describe?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. These researches were not meant to support any preconceived
idea; they are simply measures of the facts secured at first hand, and interpreted in the
light of modifying factors. To one who looks upon immigration as a long time national
investment in hereditary traits, the findings call for several specific remedies. First,
high quota fulfillments which we find among the alien stocks in our custodial institu-
tions will not rapidly decline until we set and enforce a still higher or rather a more
scientific personal standard for the admission of immigrants. The present medical ex-
amination which is given to all immigrants is meant to preserve the health of the Ameri-
can Nation. Economic and social requirements are meant to provide against Social
weaklings and prospective pauperism. . The individual race quotas are meant to
regulate immigration within bounds which will be represented by persons belonging
to races which generally are assimilable into the citizenry of the American Nation,
and, who when assimilated, will not exercise too great a pull away from the racial and
social ideals which the American people have set for themselves. In addition to the
medical requirements now listed there should be added an examination into the poten-
tial parenthood of the immigrant for the purpose of determining whether, in the
normal course of future years, in the United States, the immigrant is physically
capable of becoming a parent. Second, the standards of mental ability and personality
should be measured by a series of modern psychological tests. Third, the reputation
of the immigrant in relation to his home community should be considered. Fourth,
the family history of the immigrant should be made an important factor in i. of
his future personal worth, and of the hereditary qualities which he would probably
pass on to his children. -
IMMIGRATION ATTACHES AND PASSPORTS.
Fifth, as was earlier suggested, the American people should establish a system of
“immigration attachés” and “immigration passports” in our consular service,
Data on personal and family history and reputation should be required by and should
befurnished to the “immigration attaché” who would visé the “immigration passport”.
only in case the immigration standards of the American Nation were met in every
way. The additional requirements which I have just listed would go a long way
toward establishing standards which the American people desire to see adhered to.
One by-product of the eugenical or family history standard would be the admissi-
bility of the family as a unit. Besides being eugenically and economically desirable,
the establishment of such a unit would prevent many of the harrowing Scenes which
sometimes have been witnessed at our ports, incident to dividing families when One
or more is to be debarred or is condemned to deportation. The family should know
in advance of breaking Old World connections and sailing, whether it would be ad-
758 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
mitted. Racially, on the average, a Sound family is a much Sounder eugenical unit
than is a sound individual without family history.
No doubt it is the right of the American people to control immigration in accordance
with their own ideals. It is only applying a principle well grounded in international
law and practice. It would be well in any future plan for reorganizing the Fed-
eral system of diplomatic and consular offices to make provisions for a special immigra-
tion attaché service. Such a service would remove the necessity of the immigrant to
cross the ocean for the purpose of finding out whether he is admissible. It would en-
able the immigration service to add records of personal and family histories and repu-
tations to their list of requirements, in Securing data and determining the qualifications
of the would-be immigrant.
REGISTRATION OF ALIENS.
Sixth, the immigrant should be registered, and a registry should be maintained of all
foreign born in the United States. The immigration admission paper should be the
first registration card, which should be maintained by the alien, and annually examin-
ed by the United States, until the immigrant becomes a citizen of the United States,
or until he dies or is deported. These cards should be made in duplicate; they should
have ample space and appropriate requirements for evidences of personal identifica-
tion, and should build up the history of the individual in America, including his
progress toward Americanization. This would give opportunity for the students of
the matter to develop a point Scale of Americanization, something on the order of the
Scale in mental testing. There is nothing undemocratic in requiring registration.
The time may come when every American citizen will clamor to be registered. Logi-
cally, such registration will be the outgrowth of the tendencies of our decennial cen-
suses to do much more than merely to count the people.
But, without waiting for this, a system is needed for Our foreign population at the
present time. Alien registration would aid in the deportation of inadequates before
the statute of limitations would apply; it would aid greatly in the work of American-
ization, by Supplying data for gauging the rate of assimilation, and consequently
would furnish the basis for tightening or loosening immigration and for the more
intelligent education of immigrants. It would serve as a measure, more frequent
than the decennial census, in locating the distribution of immigrants, and would
thus lay the foundation for governmental and State aid in the proper distribution of
aliens, with the view to Securing the best economic service and opportunities, and
in providing them, also, with the best positions and opportunities for becoming
Americans. ~ &
Seventh, the deportation system, which is the subject of a survey now being
completed, is the last line of defense in our national battle against undesirable
alien qualities. If an alien remains, either legally or illegally, in the United States
for five years or longer, we can not deport him; but we must keep him and his progeny
indefinitely for better or for worse. We should admit and welcome superior quali-
ties of mind and body in aliens, but, at the same time, we should exclude the undesir-
ables, and if by chance some undesirables get in, inspite of our efforts at exclusion,
we must deport them. The principal reason why so many of our institutional in-
mates of foreign birth are not deportable is not because of naturalization but be-
cause such inmates have been in the United States more than five years. A regis-
tration service would collaborate with the deportation service in early locating
individuals who become inadequate, and also in maintaining historical personal records
so that there would be no doubt as to the right to deport a particular inadequate
individual, nor could his country of origin, because of lack of proof of origin, refuse
to take the degenerate when offered in deportation. *
It should be possible to control immigration in Such a manner that every immi-
grant would constitute a natural asset; first, a present economic asset; Second, a
future social asset; and, third, an asset to the natural hereditary qualities of the race
in case the immigrant becomes the parent of Sound and intelligent offspring. The
present studies have shown wherein the recent and present immigration is fail-
ing to attain these standards. Mr. Chairman, in response to your request, I have
named those measures which seem logically to be demanded by the present situa-
tion, provided high biological or family stock standards are accepted as fundamental
additions to our national immigration policy. ſ
The CHAIRMAN. What I want to make clear is that these scientific researches were
begun at the suggestion of this committee, after hearing the doctor's statement in
1920, when he was called before us as a witness on the biological or eugenical aspects
of immigration. *
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Mr. Chairman, I have taken great interest and pains in this
work; this particular research has required more than two years of constant effort.
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 7.59
As a member of the scientific staff of the Eugenics Record Office of the Carnegie Insti-
tution of Washington I have been permitted to conduct these studies under the
auspices and direction of the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization,
for the purpose of Securing and analyzing facts which may be of use to the committee.
The CHAIRMAN. These are the studies which are now presented for the use of the
House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization.
Doctor LAUGHLIN. That is the sole purpose of the Carnegie Institution of Wash-
ington in making these investigations. It has no ax to grind; it is not interested
in cutting down immigration in order to boost wages; it is not interested in adding to
immigration to lower wages; but it is interested in the farsighted view of immigration;
that is, it believes that, besides being a very important present economic and Social
problem, immigration is essentially and fundamentally a racial and biological problem.
There are many factors to consider, but, from the standpoint of the future, immigra-
tion is primarily a long time national investment in human family stocks. It will
influence greatly the character, the natural abilities and weaknesses, of the Americans
of the future.
CURRENT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES OF THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION AND
NATURALIZATION.
The CHAIRMAN. It is highly important that this committee determine the future
scientific investigations to be made under its direction in collaboration with
Doctor Laughlin. Will the doctor kindly enumerate those special subjects, which,
in his opinion, are the most proper themes for further biological or eugenical researches
of this committee? -
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Mr. Chairman, there are many phases of the immigration prob-
lem which have their fundamental biological bearings, and many of which can
be attacked by the method of scientific investigation for the purpose of throwing
light on the theory and practice of race conservation. The following subjects appear
to offer the most profitable returns, by means of scientific investigation, in aiding
the analysis of the present-day immigration situation in this country: (1) Deporta-
tion; (2) racial and nativity groups in the upper levels of society, a study cor-
responding in talent to the studies we have just made in degeneracy; (3) the
eugenical standards for admission; (4), the eugènical aspects of registration, in-
cluding the Subjects and plan of a registration card and scale; (5) special racial
Studies of the (a) Japanese and Chinese, (b) Indians, (c) Negroes; (6) mate selec-
tion and race mixture in the United States; (7) the biological aspects of interstate mi-
gration; (8) differential fecundity of racial and nativity groups with special reference
to emigration, differential survival, and comparative net increase; (9) special pedigree
studies of oriental and occidental race mixtures on the Pacific coast; (10) the sex of
immigrants in relation to their racial adequacy, their economic values, and the relation
of the Sex ratio among immigrant races to the rate, type, and quality of racial mixture;
(11) emigration from foreign nations, evaluated on the basis of relative interna-
tional worth; (12) a study of the Jew as an immigrant with special reference to numbers
and assimilation; (13) the biological features to be included in registration and
naturalization records; (14) assimilation in relation to length of time in the United
States; conditions making for assimilation and those making against it; difference
between biological and Social assimilation; (15) eugenical or biological aspect of
contract labor; and (16) further investigation of the “dumping” situation, by following
up the clews Set forth by the present studies. There are many other factors involved,
but these seem to be the most promising for scientific research.
THE EXHIBIT OF IMMIGRATION STUDIES,
The CHAIRMAN. The results of some of these investigations were presented in the
form of an exhibit of figures and statistical charts on the walls of this committee room
from December 13, 1921, to March 10, 1922. Investigations in several of these fields
are already under way. The deportation study particularly is practically ready for
presentation to this committee. On what other studies have you made progress?
Doctor LAUGHLIN. Besides the deportation study which the chairman has just
named, data on eugenical standards are rapidly accumulating and will be analyzed
at the first opportunity; also research concerned with the quota fulfillments by
nativity and racial groups in colleges and universities—a study in talent analogous to
the present study in degeneracy—is taking form. In this research we propose work-
ing out quota fulfillments for racial and other groups represented in the technical
Schools, colleges, and universities of the United States. Regardless of the absolute
numbers, this will give a comparative statistical picture, quite as clear in its field as
the studies in custodial institutions presented in social inadequacy. In this new study
760 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
the measure will be one of mental ability, iniative, and leadership. I do not mean to
Say that everyone who goes to college is a leader and that everyone who does not go is
not a leader. There are many exceptions, but as a whole, because the numbers are
large and the conditions representative, and because all modifying factors which in-
fluence the interpretation of the results will be duly considered, such a study will
constitute a fair general measure. Under present-day American opportunities we find
in the colleges and universities of the United States a particularly large and statis:
tically representative group of young persons with brains. Within that group we shall
subdivide, by intellectual level and specific talent, and shall find quota fulfillments
for the higher levels for persons born in Germany, Japan, China, Norway, Italy,
Sweden, Greece, and all other nations and racial and nativity groups represented in
the population of this country. Due allowance will be made for conditions which
hinder the first generation of immigrants.
The CHAIRMAN. In other words, the purpose is to find the distribution of the real
Superior mentality among immigrants by country of origin?
Doctor LAUGHLIN, Yes, sir,
THE “MELTING POT.”
Mr. RAKER. Have you made a table, corresponding to these on immigrant races and
nativity groups, on the subject of mixture of native and foreign blood, for instance,
the Spanish with the Indian, or the white man with the negro or the Malay race with
the white? This seems to be very important.
joctori,Aughn. No, sir. But I have made a pedigree study in California in-
volving Hawaiian, Chinese, and Irish race mixture. In the case of race mixture the
statistical determination of the facts of mental ability and also of natural traits in
relation to crime and degeneracy, presents, as you say, 9ne of the most important
problems in the racial destiny of a country like America which is essentially an immi-
grant-receiving rather than an emigrant-exporting nation. Race mixture always
follows immigration into a common geographical region,
Vir. Rºº. I wish that the chairman would request an early investigation of the
subject of race mixture, with special reference to oriental-occidental mixtures on the
Pacific coast. ... } *
The Cºwan. Unless there is objection, the doctor will be authorized, under the
auspices of this committee, to extend his investigations along that line as SOOn as
opportunity permits. º º
joctor LAughn. Especially in Hawaii, where oriental occidental race mixture
has attained large proportions, and is influencing greatly the basic character of Occi-
dental civilization, several extensive and very valuable studies of “this particular
problem have been made. I would particularly, call your attention to studies by
Prof. Vaughan MacCaughey, by Dr. Louis R. Sullivan, by Dr. Frederick L. Hoff-
man, and by the Bishop Museum of the University of Hawaii,
i should be pleased to undertake, under the auspices and direction of this com-
mittee, a special research into any of the particular biological themes which I enum;
erated a little while ago, in relation to immigration, which may be mutually agreed
upon.
the CHAIRMAN. Under the authority of the committee, the chairman will discuss
this matter with Doctor Laughlin, and will plan with him investigations from time
to time. - p
The deportation subject is very important, and right now is a vital matter. It
seems that our national deportation system, as a remedy, is nºt filling the bill.
Doctor Laughlin's next hearing will be on this subject, in about one month. But
before we adjourn this session, I Want tº ask the committee whether we would not be
Þjustified in giving to this hearing the title. An expert analysis of the metal and the
| ãross in América's modern melting pot”? If there is no objection, and the committee
agrees, this will be the subject of the present hearing when published.
(Thereupon, at 11.50 o'clock a.m., the committee adjourned subject to the call of
the chairman.)
APPENDIX.
CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS, AND STATISTICAL TABLEs on DIAGNOSTIC AND RACIAL
DATA, AND THEIR ANALYSIs.
EXPLANATION OF TABLES AND CHARTS.
The statistical results, of the present investigation which has for its purpose a com-
parative measurement of the Several types of Social inadequacy among each of the
several racial and nativity groups in the population of the United States, are shown
by the accompanying tables and charts. The statistical tables, which record, in
detail, the primary results of the research, appear in this appendix. (Pages 774–829.)
The graphical charts, which show the comparative quota fulfillments of the several
nativity and racial groups in the several specific types of social inadequacy in the
custodial institutions of the United States, are inserted at appropriate places in the
body of the text. -
The analyses reported in this publication have grouped the types of social inade-
quacy as follows: First, including all types of social inadequacy as a unit, that is,
the Summary; Second, according to primary groups, such as the feeble-minded, the
insane, and other coordinate classes as units; third, by specific diagnosis or secondary
Subclasses, in cases in which the numbers of persons reported in a given subtype
were large enough to justify a special analysis, such as, for instance, the dementia
praecox group within the insane, and the juvenile delinquents within the criminal-
istic classes. - -
It may be possible, in the future, if institutions generally will standardize their
records, and will include cross classifications by race and nativity group, on the one
hand, and by Sex and specific diagnosis, on the other, to secure data adequate for
making many more analyses of the third type above described.
NOTES ON THE SOURCES OF DATA.
In the following tables, the classifications and enumeration for 1910 and 1920, of
racial and nativity groups in the population of the United States at large (columns
1 and 2), follow the plan and returns of the Federal censuses. The institutional
findings (column 4a) were recorded from data secured in first-hand returns supplied.
for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institu-
tions reporting. Returns made directly to the expert eugenics agent of the Committee
on Immigration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives. The statistics
given in all other columns (i.e., except columns 2 and 4a) are the results of deductive
calculation. The detailed explanation of the method followed in each case is given
in the accompanying “Explanatory notes and formulae.” (Pages 772–773.)
In Securing the first-hand data (column 4a) essential to these studies, it was neces-
Sary, first, to secure the active cooperation of the authorities in charge of the several
custodial institutions of the different States and the Federal Government. To the .
suggestion for such collaboration the institutional authorities, as a whole, displayed a
fine spirit of cooperation and made prompt and efficient response.
The following classification standards were provided as a guide in the preparation
of data on racial and diagnostic records of the inmates of institutions. This guide or
outline gave uniformity, and consequently comparability to the data which many
diversely managed institutions provided for these analyses.
CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS FOLLOWED IN PREPARING DATA FOR
THE SCHEDULE “RACIAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RECORDS OF INMATES
OF STATE INSTITUTIONs.”
A. THE RACIAL CLASSIFICATION.
The racial classification followed is, in the main, that given in the “Dictionary of
Races or Peoples” (vol. 5 of the Report of the Immigration Commission, Government
Printing Office, 1911). In the present study the races listed are as follows:
1. Canadian. 6. Norwegian.
2. French-Canadian. 7. Swedish.
3. French. 8. Icelandic.
4. Australian (white). 9. German.
5. Danish. 10. Holland (Dutch).
761
762
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
. English. 39. Dalmatian.
. Scotch. 40. Herzegovinian.
. Irish. 41. Bosnian.
... Welsh. 42. Albanian.
. German Jew. 43. Armenian.
. Polish Jew. 44. Rumanian.
. Russian Jew. 45. Hindu.
. Spanish. 46. Gipsy.
. Spanish-American (Indian). 47. Arabian.
. Spanish-American (White). 48. Syrian.
. Mexican Indian. 49. Finnish.
. Mexican Spanish. 50. Magyar (Hungarian).
. Portuguese. 51. Bulgarian.
. Greek. 52. Turkish (Cossack, etc.).
. North Italian. 53. Japanese.
. South Italian. 54. Chinese.
. Flemish. 55. Indo-Chinese.
. Lithuanian. 56. Pacific Islander (Hawaiian).
. Russian. 57. East Indian (Malay).
. Polish (“Polack”). 58. American Negro.
. Bohemian. 59. West Indian Negro.
. Moravian. 60. American Indian.
. Serbian. 61. “Mountain White.”
. Croatian. 62. “American Yankee.”
. Montenegrin. 63. “American Southerner.”
. Slovak. 64. “Middle West American.”
. Slovenian. 65. Other races.
. Ruthenian.
. THE DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF INMATEs of CUSToDIAL or RESIDENTIAL
INSTITUTIONs.

(a) Primary classification: º
:
I
:
. Feeble-minded (including the mentally backward).
. Insane (including the neurotic and the psychopathic).
. Criminalistic (including the delinquent and wayward).
. Epileptic.
. Inebriate (including drug habitués). gº
. Diseased (including the tuberculous, syphilitic, leprous, and others with
chronic infectious Segregated diseases).
. Blind (including those with greatly impaired vision).
. Deaf (including those with greatly impaired hearing).
. Crippled (including the deformed and the ruptured). te tº
. Dependent (including orphans, old folks, soldiers, and Sailors in homes and
institutions).
(b) Secondary classification.
}
:
i
THE FEEBLE-MINDED.—Basis of classification: Clinical type and etiology.
. Moronic (simple functional).
Microcephalic.
. Epileptic.
Amaurotic idiotic.
. Cretinic.
. Mongolic. *
. Other endocrinopathic types (thymic, gonadic, adrenic, parathyroidal, etc.).
. Anaesthetic (resulting from defective sight or hearing). * *
... Toxic (resulting principally from disease, including the hydrocephalic type).
. Traumatic (resulting from injury). g
. Idiot Savant (in memory, mathematics, chess playing, music, etc.).
. Other types.
NOTE.-If, in addition to this classification based on clinical types, the officers
who fill out this schedule care to make a second classification on the basis of mental
level or mental age, the data would be very valuable; but, for the particular purpose
in hand, the classification on the basis of clinical variety or type is the essential one.
ANALYSIs OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 763
i
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
. Dementia praecox:
II. THE INSANE.—Basis of classification: Clinical type and etiology.
. Traumatic psychoses:
(a) Traumatic delirium.
(b) Traumatic constitution. *
(c) Post-traumatic mental enfeeblement (dementia).
(d) Other types.
. Senile psychoses:
(a) Simple deterioration.
(b) Presbyophrenic type.
(c) Delirious and confused types.
(d) Depressed and agitated types.
(e) Paranoid types.
(f) Pre-Senile type.
(g) Other types.
. Psychoses with cerebral arteriosclerosis,
. General paralysis.
. Psychoses with cerebral syphilis,
. Psychoses with Huntington’s chorea.
. Psychoses with brain tumor.
. Psychoses with other brain or nervous diseases:

(a) Cerebral embolism.
(b) Paralysis agitans. *
(c) Meningitis, tubercular or other forms (to be specified).
(d) Multiple sclerosis.
(e) Tabes dorsalis. 6
(f) Acute chorea.
(g) Other diseases (to be specified).
. Alcoholic psychoses.
b) Delirium tremens.
(c) Korsakow's psychosis.
% Acute hallucinosis.
e) Chronic hallucinosis.
(f) Acute paranoid type.
% Chronic paranoid type.
h) Alcoholic deterioration.
(i) Other types, acute or chronic.
Psychoses due to drugs and other exogenous toxins:
(a) Opium (and derivatives), cocaine, bromides, chloral, etc., alone or com-
bined (to be specified).
(b) Metals, as lead, arsenic, etc. (to be specified).
} Gases (to be specified).
d) Other exogenous toxins (to be specified).
Psychoses with pellagra.
Psychoses with other somatic diseases:
(a) Delirium with infectious diseases.
(b) Post-infectious psychosis.
(c) Exhaustion delirium.
(d) Delirium of unknown origin.
(e) Cardio-renal diseases.
(f) Diseases of the ductless glands.
(g) Other diseases or conditions (to be specified).
Manic-depressive psychoses:
(a) Manic type.
(b) Depressive type.
§ Stuporous type.
d) Mixed type.
(e) Circular type.
(f) Other types.
Involution melancholia.
§ Pathological intoxication.

(a) Paranoid type.
(b) Catatonic type.
(c) Hebephrenic type.
(d) Simple type.
(e) Other types.
764 ANALYSIs OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
16. Paranoia or paranoid conditions.
17. Epileptic psychoses.
(a) Epileptic deterioration.
(b) Epileptic clouded states.
(c). Other epileptic types (to be specified).
18. Psychoneuroses and neuroses:
§ Hysterical type.
b) Psychasthenic type.
§ Neurasthenic type.
d) Anxiety neuroses.
(e) Other types.
19. Psychoses with psychopathic personality.
20. Psychoses with mental deficiency.
21. Undiagnosed psychoses.
22. Without psychosis:
(a) Epilepsy without psychosis.
(b) Alcoholism without psychosis.
c) Drug addiction without psychosis.
d) Psychopathic personality without psychosis.
e) Mental deficiency without psychosis.
f) Others (to be specified). §

NoTE:-This is the official classification of mental diseases adopted by the American
Medico-Psychological Association on May 30, 1917. It is published in this form on
§. 16–18 (Second edition) of the “Statistical Manual for the use of Institutions for
ental Diseases, by the National Committee for Mental Hygiene, 1920.” In the same
manual (pp. 19–36) Dr. George H. Kirby supplies a series of “Definitions and explan-
atory notes.” Q
III. THE CRIMINALISTIC.—Basis of classification: Age of offender and type of crime.
I, JUVENILE TYPES.
(Classification to be used by institutions for juvenile delinquents.)
Causes of commitment.
(A) Offenses against chastity:
1. Lewd and lascivious conduct. 3. Other offenses against chastity.
2. Fornication.
(B) Offenses against persons:
1. ASSault.
2. ASSault and battery.
(C) Offenses against property:
. Assault and robbery.
. Other offenses against persons.
;
1. Trespass. 5. Breaking and entering and larceny.
2. Malicious mischief and destruction of 6. Forgery. te
property. 7. Unlawful use of automobiles.
3. Larceny. 8. Setting fires. º
4. Breaking and entering. 9. Other offenses against property.
(D) Offenses against parental authority and public policy:
1. Being a stubborn and disobedient | 7. Begging.
child. 8. Wagrancy.
2. Idle and disorderly habits. 9. Truancy.
3. Incorrigibility and viciousness. 10. Running away.
4. Drug using. 11. False alarm of fire. .
5. Cruelty to children or animals. 12. Other offenses against parental 8,ti-
6. Gambling. thority and public policy.
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
765
II. ADULT TYPES.
(Classification to be used by prisons and reformatories for adults.)
Types of crimes.
(A) Crimes against chastity:
1. Adultery. 6. Seduction.
2. Fornication. 7. Pandering.
3. Bigamy and polygamy. 8. Sodomy.
4. Incest. 9. Bestiality.
5. Prostitution. | 10. Other crimes against chastity.
(B) Crimes against persons:
1. Slander. 7. Cruelty to children.
2. ASSault. 8. NonSupport.
3. Extortion. 9. Homicide.
4. Robbery. 10. Suicide.
5. Rape. 11. Other crimes against persons.
6. Abandoning child.
(C) Crimes against property:
(D) Crimes against public policy:
1. Malicious mischief and trespass. 6. Grand larceny.
2. Petty larceny. 7. Burglary.
3. Fraud. 8. Arson.
4. Embezzlement. 9. Other crimes against property.
5. Forgery.
1. Breach of peace. 16. Selling narcotic.
2. Disorderly conduct. 17. Counterfeiting.
3. Drunkenness. 18. Sedition.
4. Narcomania. 19. Rebellion.
5. Gambling. 20. Treason.
6. Wagrancy. 21. Conducting business under assumed
7. Begging. Ił8,100 €.
8. Cruelty to animals. 22. Receiving stolen property.
9. Perjury. 23. Peddling without license.
10. Coercion. 24. Keeping disorderly house.
11. Rioting. 25. Bringing alien (illegally) into United
12. Carrying concealed weapons. States.
13. Public nuisance. 26. Smuggling.
14. Driving recklessly. 27. Other crimes against public policy.
15. Illegal liquor trade.
NOTE.-The present classification based upon type of crime is recommended for use in
filling out the Schedule “Racial and diagnostic records of inmates of State institutions.”
The great practical difficulty in classifying criminals is to prevent the fusion of two
standards—first, the classification of crime, which has a legal basis, and, Second, the
classification of criminalistic persons, which has a biological basis. Criminologists
have long known that definite types of persons are prone to commit definite types of
crime, and thus there is a relation between the two bases of classification. As the
criminal laws become more scientific, the two Schemes of classification will tend to
become unified on a common basis.
For a scientific classification of criminals and delinquents for institutional purposes
on the basis of mental status and institutional administration, see the “Report of com-
mittee “J” (Horatio Pollock, chairman) of the Institution of Criminal Law and Crimi-
nology,” journal of the institution for November, 1920.
If, in addition to the present classification of the criminalistic on the basis of type of
crime, the collaborators desire to provide an additional classification of their charges on
the basis of mental level and personality complex, the data will be appreciated. How-
ever, for the present studies, the accompanying listed classification on the basis of type
of crime will supply for scientific analysis comparable data from institutions for crim-
inalistic persons.
766 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING Pot.
W. THE EPILEPTIC.—Basis of classification: Prevailung motor, sensory, and mental
manifestations.
Persons showing habitually:
1. Motor convulsions: 3. Frank mental accessions, accompanied
(a) Grand mal attacks. by:
(b) Petit mal attacks: (a) Excitement.
Jacksonian. (b) Stupor.
Myoclonic. (c) Wandering.
Procursive. (d) Mental deterioration.
Other forms. % Epileptic dementia.
(c) Reflex convulsions. (f) Other frank accessions.
Infantile. 4. Masked mental accessions:
Uremic. * (a) Poriomania.
Tetany.
(d) Other motor types.
b) Dream states.
c) Pavor.
2. Sensory seizures: d) Dual personalities.
(a) Wertigo. (e) Somnambulism.
(b) Hemicrania. (f) Other masked accessions.
(c) Narcolepsy. 5. Epileptic mental make-up or character.
(d) Other sensory types.
NoTE.-This outline is based principally upon the data supplied by Dr. E. C.
Fischbein, surgeon, New York (Med. Rec., vol. 90, No. 10). i
V. THE INEBRIATE AND DRUG ADDICTs.-Basis of classification: Kind and amount of
poison used, time and history of use, and psychiatric type of the user.
A. The inebriate or alcoholic:
1. Regular drinkers—
(a) Daily consumers.
(b) Physical defectives, craving stimulants.
(c) Dissipated, morally deficient.
2. Periodic drinkers—
(a) DipSomania—periodic insanity.
(b) Moral cowards.
(c) Unstable character with bad environment.
B. The narcomaniac:
Persons showing greater or less health and character-destructive addiction to any
of the following habit-forming drugs:
1. Opium and its derivatives—
(a) Opium.
(b) Morphine.
(c) Heroin.
(d) Codein.
(e) Laudanum.
(f) Paregoric.
(g) Other opium derivatives.
2. Cocaine and its compounds.
3. Other habit-forming drugs: Sodium, chloral, chloroform, ether, hashish, arsenic,
mercury, trional, antipyrin, ginger, cologne, gelsemium, Sulfonal, paraldehyd, lav-
ender, capsicum, tobacco, coffee, tea, etc.”
NotE.-The data used in this classification were secured primarily from two sources:
Dr. T. D. Crothers, “Morphinism and narcomania from other drugs,” and from a
letter dated September 9, 1921, from Dr. Charles E. Terry, committee on drug addic-
tion, New York, N. Y.
VI. THE DISEASED.—Basis of classification: Contagious pathological ailments at present
institutionalized.
1. The leprous.
2. The tuberculous.
3. The syphilitic.
NoTE.—The above special diseases are the principal contagious pathological ail-
ments which are at present institutionalized in the United States. . Any subordinate
classifications which the directors or superintendents of any of the institutions, pri-
marily for the above types of individuals, may care to supply, will be used in the
final analysis of the data which are turned in.
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING IPOT. 767
VII. THE BLINP-Basis of classification: Causes of blindness (a) Hereditary eye or
nerve defects, (b) Idiopathic eye diseases, (c) Sequelº of diseases primarily of other
organs, (d) Injuries, (e) Semility. *
A. Hereditary forms of blindness or eye defect:
1. Blue Sclerotics.
. Degeneration of the cornea.
. Albinism.
. Aniridia (including coloboma).
. Cataract (lamellar, zonular and polar).
. Ectopia lentis.
. Glaucoma.
. Retinitis pigmentosa (1ncluding hemerolopia).
. Color blindness.
. Atrophia nervi optici. (Leber's disease.)
. Microphthalmus (including anophthalmus).
. Megalophthalmus.
. Ametropia (near and far sightedness and astigmatism).
. Heterotropia (including ptosis and Squint, which latteris also called strabismus
15.
16.
or cross-eye).
Nystagmus.
Other hereditary forms.
B. Acquired blindness or eye defect due to injury, accident, or disease:
(a) From idiopathic diseases of the eye—
17. Ophthalmia neonatorum.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Trachoma and blennorrhea of adults.
Diphtheritic conjunctivitis.
Diseases of the cornea.
Iridochoroiditis, cyclitis, iritis
Choroiditis myopica.
Choroiditis, choroido-retinitis.
Retinitis pigmentOSa, acquired
Retinitis apoplectica.
Neuroretinitis.
Detachment of retina &
Glaucoma.
Idiopathic optic-nerve atrophy
Tumors of the eye and its surroundings.
Unclassifiable.
(b) Injuries—
32.
33.
34.
Direct injury of the eye.
Unsuccessful operations.
Injuries of the head.
35. Traumatic sympathetic ophthalmia.
(c) The eye disease being in consequence of disease of the body—
36.
. Gonorrheal conjunctivitis.
. Scrofulous diseases of the eye.
. Iridochoroiditis with meningitis.
. Atrophy of optic nerve, cerebral.
. Atrophy of optic nerve, spinal.
. Atrophy of optic nerve, or neuritis following hematemesis.
. Atrophy of optic nerve, after vomiting, not blood.
. Atrophy from hemorrhage from piles.
. Atrophy after facial erysipelas.
. Atrophy with insanity.
. Atrophy with epilepsy.
. Atrophy with dysentery.
. Retinitis nephritica.
. Diseases of the eye from typhus.
. Diseases of the eye from measles.
. Diseases of the eye from Scarlatina.
. Diseases of the eye from variola.
. Diseases of the eye from exanthemata (?).
. Diseases of the eye from heart disease.
Diseases of the eye from syphilis,
768 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
B. Acquired blindness or eye defect due to injury, accident, or disease—Continued.
(c) The eye disease being in consequence of disease of the body—Continued.
56. Diseases of the eye from childbirth and pregnancy.
57. Intoxication amaurosis.
58. Blindness from disease of the orbit.
NoTE.—The classification of hereditary blindness (class A 1–16) is supplied by Dr.
Lucien Howe, Buffalo, N. Y. The list of types of acquired blindness (classes B,
a, b, c, above) are taken from James L. Minor's article on blindness in the Refer-
ence Handbook of the Medical Sciences, Volume II, page 106.
VIII. THE DEAF.—Basis of classification: Causes of deafness (a) hereditary ear or nerve
defect, (b) sequela, of diseases primarily of other organs, (c) mechanical injuries, and
impactions, (d) old age.
A. Hereditary causes of deafness:
1. Rudimentary development of tympanic cavity.
2. Absence of tympanic membrane.
3. Absence of Ossicles.
4. Absence of lamina spiralia.
5. Displacement of Reissner's membrane.
6. Mucus vegetation of connective tissue.
7. Absence of organ of corti.
8. Too few ganglionic cells in Spiral canal.
9. Too few nerve fibers in modiolus.
10. Atrophy or failure of auditory nerve.
11. Ankylosis of Ossicles.
12. Obliteration of tympanic cavity by bony exostosis, mucus or connective
tissues.
13. Formation of bone in tympanic cavity.
14. Westibular windows filled with bone or connective tissue.
15. Formation of bone or connective tissue in aqueductus cochlea.
16. Atresia by bone or connective tissue of external canal.
17. Otosclerosis, metaplasia of the bony labyrinth.
18. Other hereditary causes. 3;
B. Deafness resulting from injury or disease:
(a) External ear—
19. Impacted cerumen.
20. Foreign bodies in ear.
(b) Middle ear—
Suppurative—
21. Scarlet fever.
22. Measles.
23. Influenza.
24. Other diseases.
NonSuppurative—
25. Catarrh.
26. Colds.
27. Other ailments.
(c) Internal ear—
28. Malarial fever and quinine.
29. Meningitis.
30. Other ailments.
C. Unclassified—
31. Falls or blows.
32. Old age.
33. Other causes.
NoTE.—The classification of the deaf is based upon two Sources: First, group A,
hereditary causes of deafness, given in Bulletin 10-A of the Eugenics Record Office,
groups B and C, deafness resulting from injury and disease, Edward A. Fay's article
on deaf-mutes in the Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences, Volume III,
page 433.
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING FöT. 769
IX. THE CRIPPLED, INCLUDING THE DEFORMED AND THE RUPTURED.—Basis of clas-
sification: The anatomical type of defect or injury. *
A. The deformed, congenital, or hereditary types (orthopedic defects):
1. Dwarfs: 4. Deformities of the head:
(a) Ateleiotic. (a) Microcephaly.
(b) Rachitic. (b) Cleft palate.
(c) Cretinoid. (c) Absence of teeth.
(d) Other types (specify). (d) Other types (specify).
2. Giants: 5. Deformities of the trunk:
(a) Geants infantiles. (a) Spina bifida.
(b) Acromegalic. (b) Other types (specify).
(c) Other types (specify). 6. Deformities of the arms:
3. Sex deformities: (a) Club hand.
(a) Hermaphroditism. (b) Polydactylism.
(b) Male hypoplasia. (c) Other types (specify).
(c) Female hypoplasia. 7. Deformities of the legs:
(d) Other types (specify). (a) Club foot.
(b) Other types (specify).

B. The crippled, resulting from disease or injury:
1. Back or neck: 3. Legs:
(a) Wry neck. (a) Hip-joint disease.
(b) Pott's disease. (b) Infantile paralysis.
(c) Scoliosis. (c) Other types (specify).
(d) Other types (specify).
2. Arms:
(a) Specify type.
C. The ruptured (hernia):
1. Inguinal: 5. Obturator.
(a) Direct. 6. Ischiatic.
(b) Indirect. 7. Pelvic.
2. Femoral. 8. Diaphragmatic.
3. Umbilical. 9. Other types (specify).
4. Wentral.
NoTE.—This classification is based largely upon that given in Bulletin 10–A of the
Eugenics Record Office and in Joseph A. Blake's article on hernia in the Reference
Handbook of the Medical Sciences, Volume V, pages 213–228.
X. THE DEPENDENT.-Basis of Classification: Age of subject and personal and family
helplessness.
1. Orphans—
(a) Children under 5 years of age.
(b) Children 5 to 10 years of age.
(c) Children over 10 years of age.
2. Aged and infirm.
3. Soldiers and sailors in homes.
NOTE:-This class of Social inadequates is due largely to the economic and family
exigencies of childhood and old age.
In the newer Sections of the country the institutions for the dependent are often
receivers of unclassified Social inadequates of all kinds, but as the general social life
of the State develops its institutions generally specialize, thus leaving the institutions
OT º dependent devoted largely to the otherwise normal victims of economic family
misfortune,
STATISTICAL TABLES SHOWING NATIVITY GROUP AND NATIONALITY
QUOTAS, FINDINGS, AND QUOTA FULFILLMENTS AMONG THE IN-
MATES OF STATE, DISTRICT, AND FEDERAL CUSTODIAL INSTITU-
TIONS IN THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES.
Page
TABLE 1. The feeble-minded: All types........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774
1a. The feeble-minded: The moron group............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777
2. The insane: All types----------------............................ 780
2a. The insane: Dementia praecox group............................. 783
2b. The insane: Manic depressive group................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786
2c. The insane: Senile psychosis group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788
3. The criminalistic: All types... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790
3a. The criminalistic: Juvenile group................................. 793
3b. The criminalistic: Adult group.................................. 796
4. The epileptic.-----------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . 799
5. The inebriate. . . . .---------------------------------.... . . . . . . . . . . 802
6. The tuberculous---------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802
7. The blind (including the “Blind and deaf”). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805
8. The deaf----------------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . 808
9. The deformed. ---------------------------. tº º is ſº tº º sº tº gº tº º sº tº e º e º 'º gº tº a ſº 801
10. The dependent: All types... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 814
10a. The dependent: Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817
10b. The dependent: Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .------------------------- 820
11. All classes of the Socially inadequate as a unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823
12. The feeble-minded (census of 1920, Survey of 1921). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826
13. The insane: All types (census of 1920, Survey of 1921). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829
NoTE.—The calculations of these tables (except for numbers 12 and 13, for which
1920 is indicated) are based upon the census returns for 1910 for the per cent distribu-
tion of the foreign-born in the whole population, and upon institutional findings of
1921 made by this particular survey. Statistically, this is the Soundest basis of com-
parison because the potentially inadequate immigrants do not move directly from
Ellis Island to their custodial institutions, but fuse first in the population at large,
and, after a period of years, the inadequate are Segregated into their destined custodial
institutions.
33555—23—SER 7–C–—4 771
772 ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
EXPLANATORY NOTES AND FORMULAE FOR THE FOLLOWING TABLES ENTITLED
“NATIVITY GROUP AND NATIONALITY QUOTAS, FINDINGS, AND QUOTA FULFILL-
MENTS AMONG THE INMATES OF STATE, DISTRICT, AND FEDERAL CUSTODIAL
INSTITUTIONS IN THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES.”
Column, 1.--Nativity groups and countries of birth of the population of the United
States as listed by the Thirteenth Census (1910). *}
Column 2.—The population of the United States according to the 1910 census
distributed by nativity groups and countries of birth. The 1920 census data were
available, but, statistically, the 1910 data are preferable, because they more nearly
represent the populations which supplied the inmates in institutions in 1921, the
date of the survey upon which these analyses are based.
Formulae: The numbers or enumeration for the particular individual race or
nativity group=m.
Summation of all m’s or the population of the entire country=Xm=M.
Probable error: In the accompany analyses, m (and consequently 2 m or M) will be
considered as having no P. E., because theoretically the enumeration was complete;
it was not a case of random Sampling.
Column 3a.—The per cent allotment is equal to the per cent distribution, by
nativity groups or countries of birth, of the total population of the United States,
and is consequently derived directly from column 2. The per cent allotment is
based upon the theoretical situation which would result if all nativity groups and
nationalities contributed to institutional populations of the particular class under
consideration in proportion to their respective total numbers in the whole popula-
tion of the United States.
Formulae: The institutional quota, in terms of per cent allotment=#| • 100.
Probable error: None, for the reason that the several per cent values are determined
directly from and are directly proportional to their accompanying values (m) in the
population distribution (column 2) which values have no propable errors. (See
notes on column 2, above.)
Colwmºn. 3b.—The distribution of the total number of institutional inmates com-
prising the population under analysis in accordance with the per cent allotments
of column 3a.
Formulae The institutional quota in terms of total number of persons ex-
•r
pected—mº-n' º &
The total institutional population for the classes under consideration=2n’=N.
Probable error: None, because the several values are directly derived from and
are directly proportional to their accompanying values in columns 2 and 3a, neither
of which has a probable error. (See notes on columns 2 and 3a, above.)
Column 4a.--The total number of institutional inmates under analysis distributed
according to nativity groups and countries of birth. These numbers are the findings
of the actual institutional survey made for this particular analysis.
Formulae: The actual number of institutional inmates found for the particular
race or nativity group=n.
The total institutional population included within the Survey for all of the classes
under consideration=2n=N.

N N m—l
Probable error=En= + *Vº ſº (1–5) & (1-#)=4x
Within this formula ſº ſº (l -:)] is constant for each table or sheet, and is
designated as K.
Column 4b.-The per cent distribution, by nativity groups or countries of birth, of
the total number of institutional inmates under analysis; that is, column 4a listed by
per cent distribution instead of by actual numbers.
Formulae: The institutional findings for the particular race or nativity group in
terms of per cent=| . 100.
ANALYSIs OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT. 773
100X.
N
-E
Probable error=E/n F
(* 100)
(For the value of X see formulae under notes for column 4a, above.)
, Column 5a.—The difference, in numbers, between the number of institutional
inmates expected (column 3b) and the number actually found (column 4a) in the
population under analysis; + means more found than expected; – means less found
than expected.
Formulae: The quota, fulfillment, by number of persons, plus indicating excess
and minus a deficiency in relation to expectation (column 3b). =n–n/.
Probable error=Eon-no--EX.
(For the value of X see formulae under notes for column 4a, above.)
Column 5b.—The institutional findings divided by the institutional quota
(4ax100+-3b, or 4b)K100+-3a). If the quota fulfillment, by per cent, is greater than
100, the particular nativity group or country has exceeded its quota in supplying the
particular class of inadequates by such excess proportion; if it is less than 100, the
particular quota lacks fulfillment by such proportion as the particular per cent is
less than 100. Thus if the quota fulfillment is 75 per cent, three-fourths of the ex-
pected number of inmates, belonging to the particular race or nativity group, were
found by the survey in institutions for the particular class of social inadequates;
if the quota fulfillment is 250 per cent, two and one-half times the expected number
were found, and so on. For purposes of interpretation of findings this (5b) is the
most significant column of these tables.
Formulae: Quota fulfillment, by per cent, for the particular race or nativity group,
in reference to the type of defect under consideration=} • 100.
Probable error= E, a __10%
(#. 100) I?
(For the value of X see formulae under notes for column 4a, above.)
Note on probable errors.--The probable error for the particular value is the value
following the + sign. In accordance with the mathematical principles of prob-
ability, it is the even chance that, in the particular case, an indefinitely larger Sample
of the special class of the population here analyzed would or would not give a value
lying within the range measured by the addition and subtraction of the probable
error to the value found. This is based upon the assumption that the Sample of the
population here used is a representative or unselected one within the class being
analyzed.
The probable error is a measure of the unreliability of the value found, because of
the smallness of the Sample.
Theoretically the probable error is statistically significant only in cases in which
the particular absolute number—in this case column 4a–found, in a particular group,
is more than 3. For numbers from 4 to 15 the probable error is of doubtful value. For
numbers above 15 the statistical significance of the probable error increases rapidly
with the increasing numbers. Jº-
A per cent distribution of less than five indicated in column 4b invalidates the
significance of its accompanying probable error calculated for its Subsequent value,
recorded in column 5b.
Ordinarily, if a finding is two or three times larger than its probable error, the find-
ing is statistically reliable, so far as such reliability bears upon the numbers included
in the, Samples.
The probable error formulae used in these columns were provided by Dr. J.
Arthur Harris, expert biometrician of the department of genetics of the Carnegie
Institution of Washington, and were based upon work developed by Pearson, Tocher,
and Harris.
i
TABLE 1.-Quota fulfillments by the feeble-minded.
Character of institutional population: The feeble-minded.
a. Clinical types: All.
b. Sex and numbers: Analysis A. Analysis B.
*s--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6, 734 7, 802
Females------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7,285 6,994
Total ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 15,656 * 16,918
Source of data: 4
a. Institutions making returns:
1. Number: 32.
2. Where located: California (2), Colorado (2), Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana (2), Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississi
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York (2), North Čarolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania (2), Rhode Island, Washington,
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922. *
b. Number and location of institutions of the same class not making returns: 17; Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey (2), New York (2),
Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, Virginia.
Yi, Montana, Nebraska,
isconsin (2), Wyoming.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. - United States (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
Nativity group or country of birth. population
in 1910. Per cent Number Number Per cent By numbers
allotment. expected. found. diº tl- plus or minus. By per cent.
ANALYSIS A.
* [By nativity group.]
1 | All groups:---------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 15,656 2 15,656 100.00 -------------------- 100.00
2 | Native White, both parents native born. ------------------.......... 49,488, 575 53. 808 8,422 9,073 57.95 –– 649 + 42.0761 107.70 + 0.4996
3 | Native white, one parent native born, one foreign born. ------------- 5,981, 526 6. 504 1,017 1,937 12.38 |+ 919 + 20.8114 190.27 –– 2.0464
4 | Native White, both parents foreign born........ -------...----------. 12,916,311 14. 044 2, 191 3,637 23. 23 |+ 1,438 + 29.3229 165. 39 + 1.3383
5 || Total native born White (2, 3, and 4). ...... ---------------.......... 68,386,412 74. 355 11,632 14,647 93. 55 |+ 3,006 + 36.8541 125.82 + 3. 1683
6 Foreign born White-------------------------------------------------- 13,345, 545 14. 510 2,270 725 4.63 — 1,543 + 29.7253 31.91 + 1. 3095
7 || Total foreign White Stock (3, 4, and 6). ... ----------------........ --- 32,243,382 35. 058 5,479 6,299 40. 23 |-|- 810 + 40. 2701 || 114. 76 + . 7350
8 | Negro (all parentage)------------------------------------------------ 9,827,763 10. 686 1,675 273 1.74 – 1,400 + 26.0728 16.32 + 1. 5566
9 || Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parentage).---- - - - - - - - - - - 412, 546 0.449 62 11 . (37 – 59 + 5. 6426 15. 71 + 9. 1010

º
s:
ANALYSIs B.
[By nationalities or countries of birth.]
1 All countries-------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 16,918 * 16,918 100.00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100.00
2 United States------------------------------------------------------- 78,456,380 85.304 14,432 16, 133 95.35 |+ 1,701 + 31.0589 111. 78 + . 0215
3 te--------------------------------------------------------------- 68,386,412 74. 355 12,579 15,849 93.68 -- 3,270 + 38.3053 125.98 + 3.0452
4 Negro--------------------------------------------------------------- 9,787,424 10. 642 1,800 273 1.61 – 1,527 -- 27.0503 15. 14 + 1. 5020
5 All other-------------------------------------------- tº º º e º is a sº gº º is us tº sº tº s 282, 544 . 307 52 11 .06 – 41 + 4.8545 20.00 + 9. 3355
6 || All foreign countries------------------------------------------------- 13,515,886 14.696 2,486 785 4.64 — 1,701 + 31.0584 31. 56 + 1. 2493
7 Europe-------------------------------------------------------------- 11,791,841 12. 821 2,169 585 3.45 – 1,584 + 29.3271 26.91 + 1. 2531
8 | Northwestern Europe----------------------------------------------- 6,740,400 7.329 - - 1,240 236 1.39 – 1,004 + 22.8606 18.98 + 1.8436
9 || Great Britain------------------------------------------------------- 1,221,283 1. 32 225 62 . 36 — 163 + 10. 0410 27.27 -- 4.4627
10 England-------------------------------------------------------- 877,719 . 954 161 49 . 28 |— 112 + 8.5284 29.47 -- 5. 2972
11 Scotland-------------------------------------------------------- 261,076 . 284 48 9 . 05 ||— 39 + 4. 6770 17. 85 + 9. 7438
12 Wales----------------------------------------------------------- 82,488 . 090 15 4 . 02 |— 11 + 2.6258 27.71 + 17. 5053
13 Ireland-------------------------------------------------------------- 1,352,251 1. 470 249 20 . 12 — 229 + 10.5581 8, 16 + 4, 2402
14 Germany--------------------------------------------- --------------- 2,501,333 2. 720 460 90 . 53 |— 370 + 14. 2682 19.56 =E 3. 1017
15 Scandinavia--------------------------------------------------- * * * * * * 1,250,733 1. 360 230 47 . 27 ||— 183 + 10. 1597 20.00 + 4. 4172
16 Norway--------------------------------------------------------- 403,877 . 439 74 21 . 12 |— 43 + 5. 8002 30.00 + 7.8381
17 Sweden.--------------------------------------------------------- 665,207 . 723 122 19 . 11 |— 103 + 7. 4332 15. 28 + 6. 09.28
18 Penmark------------------------------------------------------- 181,649 . 198 33 7 . 04 – 26 + 3.8976 21.57 -i- 11. 8109
19 || Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, and Luxemburg.................. 172,534 . 188 32 11 . 06 |— 21 + 3. 7957 33.33 + 11. 8616
20 Netherlands----------------------------------------------------- 120,063 . 131 22 8 . 05 ||— 14 + 3. 1673 36. 15 + 14.3968
21 Belgium-------------------------------------------------------- 49,400 . 054 9 3 . 02 ||— 6 + 2.0325 34.00 + 22. 5833
22 Luxemburg----------------------------------------------------- 3,071 . 003 l 0 .00 — 1 + .0507 --------------------
23 France-------------------------------------------------------------- 117,418 . 128 22 4 . 02 ||— 18 + 3. 1323 19. 16 + 14, 2377
24 | Switzerland-----------------------------------------------------!---- 124,848 . 136 23 2 .01 |— 21 + 3. 2298 8.46 + 14. 0426
25 | Southern and Eastern Europe.-------....................... tº sº as it s sº se us 5,048,583 5. 489 929 307 1.81 – 622 + 19.9802 33.02 + 2. 1507
26 | Portugal.------------------------------------------------------------ 59,360 . 065 11 5 . 03 ||— 6 + 2. 2278 48.33 + 20. 2527
27 | Spain. --------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22, 108 . 024 4 2 . 01 ||— 2 + 1. 3598 55.00 + 33.9950
28 Italy---------------------------------------------------------------. 1,343,125 1. 460 247 64 . 37 – 183 + 10. 5229 25. 34 + 4, 2603
29 Russia and Finland------------------------------------------------- 1,732,462 1.884 319 161 : 95 |— 158 + 11.9256 50. 53 + 3.7380
30 Russia---------------------------------------------------------- 1,602,782 1. 743 295 117 . 69 |— 178 + 11.4788 39.65 + 3, 8910
31 Finland--------------------------------------------------------- 129,680 .#41 24 5 . 03 ||-- 19 + 3. 2916 20. 71 + 13. 7150
32 Poland----------------------------------------------------------|--------------|------------|------------ 39 • 23 ||----------------------------------------
33 Austria-Hungary---------------------------------------------------- 1,670, 582 1. 816 307 65 . 38 – 242 + 11. 7146 20.99 + 3.81.58
34 Austria--------------------------------------------------------- 1,174,973 1. 278 216 34 . 20 — 182 + 9.8513 15. 74 + 4. 5608
35 Hungary-------------------------------------------------------- ,609 . 539 91 31 . 18 ||— 60 + 6.4.220 33.96 + 7.0571
36 | Balkan Peninsula--------------------------------------------------- 220,946 . 240 41 10 . 06 |— 31 + 4.2943 24. 58 + 10. 4739
37 umania------------------------------------------------------- 65,923 . 072 12 3 . 03 ||— 9 + 2. 3477 24. 28 + 19.5642
38 Bulgaria-------------------------------------------------------- 11,498 . 013 2 i * 01 ||— 1 + 9807 60.00 + 49.0350
39 Serbia----------------------------------------------------------- 4,639 . 005 1. 2 . 01 + 1 + . 6229 220.00 + 62. 2900
40 Montenegro----------------------------------------------------- 5,374 . 006 1 l . 01 * + . 6705 120.00 -- 67. 0500
41 T880°- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 101,282 . 110 19 3 . 02 — 16 + 2.9094 15.45 + 15. 3126
42 Turkey in Europe----------------------------------------------- 32,230 . 035 6 0 . 00 ||— 6 --------------------
1 The difference between the total numbers reported in Analysis A and Analysis B is due to the fact that some institutions reported data on One analysis but not on the other.
* This total includes 2,826 inmates whose parentage or nativity is unknown.
* This total includes 2,122 inmates of one institution, not separating the figures for each sex. tº f * g f a *
* The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institutions reporting.
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives.
5.
*
TABLE 1.-Quota fulfillments by the feeble-minded—Continued.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. TJnited States
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910. Per cent Number Number i. By numbers, B r t
allotment. expected. found. tion plus or minus. y per cent.
ANALYSIS B–Continued.
43 Europe not specified.------------------------------------------------ 2,858 0.003 1 5 42 0.24 |+ 41 + .4889 --------------------
44 Asia----------------------------------------------------------------- 191,484 . 208 35 5 .03 — 30 + 3.9984 14.50 + 11.4240
45 Turkey in Asia------------------------------------------------------ 59,729 - 065 11 5 . 03 — 6 + 2.2348 42.02 + 20.3164
46 ina--------------------------------------------------------------- 56,756 . 062 10 0 .00 — 10 --------------------
47 Japan--------------------------------------------------------------- 67,744 . 074 13 0 .00 – 13 --------------------
48 India--------------------------------------------------------------- 4,664 . 005 1 0 .00 — ! --------------------
49 All other countries-------------------------------------------------- 2,591 . 003 1. º 0 .00 – 1 --------------------
50 America.------------------------------------------------------------- 1,489,231 1.619 274 68 . 40 – 216 -– 11.0716 24.84 + 4.0407
51 | Canada and Newfoundland------------------------------------------ 1,209, 717 1. 315 222 52 . 31 — 170 + 9.9940 22.90 + 4.5018
52 Canada, French------------------------------------------------- 385,083 . 419 71 5 .03 — 66 + 5.6642 7.07 -- 7.9777
53 Canada, other--------------------------------------------------- 819,554 . 891 151 47 . 27 |- 104 + 8. 2436 30.33 == 5.4593
54 Newfoundland-------------------------------------------------- 5,080 . 006 1. 0 .00 – 1 --------------------
55 West Indies--------------------------------------------------------- 47,635 . 052 9 3 . 02 — 6 + 1.9958 34.00 + 22. 1756
56 Cuba------------------------------------------------------------ 15, 133 . 016 3 0 .00 |— 3 --------------------
57 Other West Indies---------------------------------------------- 32,502 . 035 6 3 .02 — 3 56.61
58 Mexico.---------------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 221,915 . 241 41 13 .08 ||— 28 + 4.3037 31.66 + 10.4968
59 Central America----------------------------------------------------- 1,736 .002 0 0 •00 --------------------|--------------------
60 | South America-----------------------------------------------------. 8,228 . 009 2 0 .00 – * !--------------------
61 | All other------------------------------------------------------------ 43,330 . 047 8 6 127 .75 |+ 119 + 1.9036 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
62 Africa--------------------------------------------------------------- 3,992 . 004 1. 0 .00 – 1 --------------------
63 Australia------------------------------------------------------------ 9,035 . O10 2 3 .02 + 1 188.88
64 Atlantic Islands----------------------------------------------------- 18,274 . 020 3 0 . 00 — 3 |--------------------
65 Pacific Islands----------------------------------------------- * * * * * * * 2,415 . 003 1. 0 .00 – l -- • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
66 | Country not specified.----------------------------------------------- 2,687 . 003 1 6 124 .73 |+ 123 + .4741 ----------------...-
67 | Born at Sea---------------------------------------------------------- 6,927 . 008 l 0 .00 — ! -----------|-----------------"---
5 In this class allinmates of European mixed E.; and Jews, are included.
& These figures include all inmates whose birt
place is unknown, constituting a comparatively large percentage among the mentally defective classes.
#
TABLE 1A.—Quota fulfillments by the morons.
Character of institutional º; The feeble-minded.
a. Clinical type: The
b. Number: 4,364.
Oron group.
Source of data: 1
a. Institutions making returns:
1. Number: 14
2. Where focated: California, Colorado, Idaho, #nois, Iowa, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Ohio, Wisconsin, Wyoming.
3. Date of returns: January 1, 1921–March 31, 1922.
b. Number of institutions of the same class not making returns: 35.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
NO. United States
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910. Per Cent Number Number Per cent By numbers
allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: plus or minus. By per cent.
ANALYSIS B.
(By nationalities or countries of birth.)
1 | All countries-------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100, 000 4,364 4,364 100.00 -------------------- 100.00
2 | United States------------------------------------------------------- 78,456,380 85.304 3,723 4, 173 95.62 |+ 450 + 15. 7766 112.09 + 4238
3 | White--------------------------------------------------------------- 68,386,412 74. 355 3,245 4,054 92.89 –– 809 -- 19. 4574 124.93 + .. 5996
* | Negro--------------------------------------------------------------- 9,787,424 10. 642 464 118 2.70 – 346 + 13. 7404 25. 43 + 2.9613
5 All other------------------------------------------------------------ 282, 544 . 307 13 1. .02 |— 12 + 2.4659 7. 69 + 18.9685
6 || All foreign countries------------------------------------------------ 13,515,886 14.696 641 191 4.37 – 450 + 15. 7764 29.80 + 2.4612
7 | Europe------------------------------------------------------------- 11,791, 841 12. 821 559 170 3.89 – 389 + 14.8969 30.41 + 2.6649
8 | NorthWestern Europe----------------------------------------------- 6, 740, 400 7. 329 320 77 1.76 – 243 + 11. 6122 24.06 -– 3.6288
9 || Great Britain------------------------------------------------------- 1,221, 283 1. 328 58 14 . 32 |— 44 + 5. 1004 24. 14 + 8. 7938
10 England-------------------------------------------------------- 877,719 . 954 42 13 . 29 |— 29 + 4.3321 30.95 + 10.3145
11 Scotland-------------------------------------------------------- 261,076 . 284 12 l . 02 ||— 11 + 2. 3707 8.33 + 19. 7558
12 Wales----------------------------------------------------------- 82, 488 . 090 4 0 .00 – 4 --------------------
13 Ireland------------------------------------------------------------- 1,352,251 i. 470 64 6 . 13 |— 58 + 5. 3631 9.37 -- 8.3798
14 Germany----------------------------------------------------------- 2,501,333 2. 720 119 34 . 77 |— 85 + 7. 2476 28.57 -- 6. 0904
15 Scandinavia---------------------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * 1,250, 733 1. 360 59 16 . 36 — 43 + 5. 1607 27. 12 + 8. 7469
16 OTWay--------------------------------------------------------- 403,877 . 439 19 8 . 18 |— 11 + 2.9463 42.11 + 15. 5068
17 SWeden.--------------------------------------------------------- 665,207 . 723 32 6 . 13 |— 26 -- 3. 7757 18. 75 -- 11. 7991
18 Penmark------------------------------------------------------- 181,649 . 198 9 2 .04 — 7 –– 1.9782 22.22 + 21. 9800
1 The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the Several institutions reporting.
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Natura'ization of the House of Representatives.

778
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
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ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
779
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TABLE 2.—Quota fulfillments by the insane.
Character of institutional population: The insane. . .
a. Clinical types: All. - --> -
b. Sex and numbers: * Analysis A. Analysis B.
127 46.407
'Males----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * * , sº gº tº * * * * * s = • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 51, 3.
Pemales----------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 40,827 37,699
Total *---------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 91,954 84, 106
Source of data:3
a. Institutions making returns:
1. Number: 94. ,
2. Where located: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois (3), Indiana (3), Iowa (4), Louisiana, Maine, Maryland (3), Massachusetts (9), Michi-
#. (4), Minnesota (4), Missouri (3), Mississippi (2), Montana, Nebraska (3), New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York (8), North Carolina, North
akota, Ohio (4), Oklahoma (2), Oregon, Pennsylvania (6), Tennessee (2), Texas (3), Utah, Vermont, Virginia (3), West Virginia (2), South Dakota, Wisconsin,
United States (Federal) (6), Washington (2).
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921, Mar. 31, 1922.
b. Number and location of institutions of the same class not making returns: 66; Alabama, Arizona, California (5), Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho (2), Illinois (5),
Indiana (2), Kansas (3), Kentucky (3), Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts (2), Michigan (2), Minnesota (2), Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York (7), Nort
§: 9. Ohio (4), Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, United
al,0S (4),
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. United States - *
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A). (B)
in 1910. Per cent, Number Number Per cent By numbers
allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: plus or minuš. By per cent.
ANALYSIS A.
[By nativity group.]
1 | All groups---------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100. 000 91,954 891,954 100.00 -------------------- 100. 00
2 | Native white, both parents native born - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49,488, 575 53. 808 49,479 36,251 39.42 |–13,228 +101.9704 73. 27 =E . 2061
3 | Native white, One parent native born, one foreign born. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,981, 526 6. 504 5,981 6,214 6.76 |-|- 233 + 50. 4361 103.90 + . 8433
4 || Native white, both º foreign born----------------------------- 12,916,311 14.044 12,914 14,010 15. 23 |+ 1,096 + 71.0634 108.49 + .. 5503
5 || Total nativeborn white (2, 3, and 4) --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ‘e’ - e s = * * * * * * * * 68,386,412 74. 355 68,372 56,475 61. 42 |–11,897 -- 89.3151 82.60 + . 1307
6 | Foreignborn White-------------------------------------------------- 13,345, 545 14. 510 13,343 30, 123 32.76 +16,780 + 72.0384 225.76 + . 5399
7 || Total foreign White Stock (3, 4, and 6)------- “....................... 32,243,382 35. 058 32,237 50,347 54.75 |+18, 110 + 97.5937 156. 18 + .3027
8 | Negro (all parentage).------------------------------------------------ 9,827,763 10. 686 9,826 5, 158 5.61 — 4,668 + 63. 1867 52.49 + .6431
9 + 13. 6746 47.94 + 3.3110

Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parentage) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 412, 546 . 449 413 198 . 21 – 215
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA 'S MODERN MELTING POT.
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TABLE 2.—Quota fulfillments by the insane—Continued.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
.# Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. United States
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) . (A) § (B)
in 1910. Per cent, Number Number Per cent HBy numbers
tº 2
allotment. expected. found. diº Ul plus or minus. By per cent.
ANALYSIS B–Continued.
43 | Europe not specified.------------------------------------------------ 2,858 0.003 3 5 499 0. 59 |+ 496
44 S18-- - - - - - - - -.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 191,484 . 208 175 222 . 26 |+ 47 -i- 8.9121 130.00 =E 5.0900
43 | Turkey in Asia------------------------------------------------------ 59,729 .065 55 6 126 || . 14 |-|- 71 + 4.9810 233. 33 9. 0564
46 China--------------------------------------------------------------- 56,756 . 062 52 40 . 05 ||— 12 == 4.8555 78.33 + 9. 3375
47 | Japan.--------------------------------------------------------------- 67,744 .074 62 23, .03 ||— 39 + 5. 3010 42.85 + 8.5500
48 India---------------------------------------------------------------- 4,664 . 005 4 21 .02 |-|- 17 -- 1.3923 400.00 =E 34.8000
#9 || All other countries-------------------------------------------------- 2,59 . 003 3 12 . 01 |-|- 9 + 1.0377 700.00 + 34. 5900
50 eriC8-------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,489,231 1.619 1,362 1,738 2.06 |-|- 376 + 24.6777 127.95 + 1. 8119
51 | Canada and Newfoundland--------------------------------- * > * * * * * * * * 1,209, 717 1. 315 1, 106 1,375. 1.63 |-|- 269 -- 22.2758 124. 42 + 2. 0141
52 Canada, French------------------------------------------------- 385,083 . 419 352 260 . 31 — 92 + 12. 6250 75.36 + 3. 5866
53 Canada, other--------------------------------------------------- 819,554 . 891 749 1,115 1. 32 |+ 366 + 18.3744 148. 31 + 2. 4532
54 Newfoundland-----, --------------------------- gº ºf º ºs º e º e ºs e º sº sº e s sº º ,08 . 006 5 0 . 00 ||— 5 - -
55 | West Indies--------------------------------------------------------- 47,635 . 052 44 77 .09 |+ 33 + 4. 4485 180.00 + 10. 1102
56 Cuba------------------------------------------------------------ 15, 133 . 016 13 6 . 01 – 7 + 2. 5078 70. 00 -- 19. 2908
57 Other West Indies............... sº e = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 32, 502 . 035 29 71 .08 |-|- 42 -- 3. 6749 280. 00 -- 12. 6700
58 Mexico.----------------... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tº we se is sº ºr e º sº s º ºr e º sº ºr e º ºs e s is e º sº ºr s we e s tº 221,915 241 203 282 .33 |+ 79 + 9. 5926 137.50 + 4. 7254
59 Central America.------------------------------ ---------------------- ,73 .002 2 1. . 00 ||— 1. 100.00 -
60 | South America------------------------------------------------------ 8,228 . 009 8 3 . 00 – 5 + 1. 8492 37. 50 + 23. ].150
61 | All other------------------------------------------------------------ 43,330 . 047 40 7 485 . 57 |+ 445 + 4, 2429 -
62 rica--------------------------------------------------------------- 3,992 . 004 3 2 - 00 — 1. 200, 00 -
63 Australia--------------------------- * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9,035 . 010 8 98 , 11 ||-- 90 + 1. 9378 || 1222.22 + 24.2200
64 Atlantic Islands----------------------------------------------------- 18,274 . 020 19 6 .01 — 13 + 2. 7557 70. 00 + 14. 5037
65 Pacific Islands------------------------------------------------------ 2,415 , 003 3 53 . 06 |+ 50 + 1, 0018 3133, 33 + 33.3700
66 | Country not Specified. ---------------------------------------------- 2,687 . 003 3 7 325 . 38 + 322 - -
67 | Born at Sea---------------------------------------------------------- 6,927 008 7 i .00 – 6 14, 28
* Includes all inmates of mixed European parentage and Jews (not specified).
6 Includes #. and Armenians.
7 Includes all those of unknown birthplace;
34 Negroes, 1 mulatto, 19 Americans, and 12 Spanish-Americans, all born abroad.

g
TABLE 2A.—Quota fulfillments by the dementia praecoz group.
Character of institutional population: The insane.
a. Clinical type: The dementia praecox group.
b. Sex and numbers:
Aales------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17,392
Females. . . . . . . . . . .* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - a_s = * * = • = * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * * = ... • 14,487
Total.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. * & sº sº, º mº 31,879
Source of data: 1
a. Institutions making returns: -
1. Number: 58. -- - - -
2. Where located: Alabama, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Indiana (3), Illinois (2), Louisiana, Massachusetts (8), Maine, ºld º: Michigan (4), Mississippi,
Missouri (2), Nebraska (2), New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York (6), Ohio (3), Oregon, Pennsylvania (4), North Dakota, South Dákota, Texas,
, Washington, Wisconsin, Féderal (6). # - -
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921-Mar. 31, 1922.
0. Number of institutions of the same class not making returns: 102.
(1) - (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. United States *
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
---. in 1910. Per Cent; Number Number Per gént By numbers
allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: piùs or minuš. By per cent.
ANALYSIS B.
[By nationalities or countries of birth.]
1 | All countries-------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100, 000 31,879 31,879 100.00 |.. ------------...--- 100, 00
2 | United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 78,456,380 85.304 27, 194 21,021 65.93 – 6, 173 + 42.6405 77.30 -- 0. 1568
3 | White-------------------------------------------------------------- 68,386,412 74, 355 23,704 19,431 60. 96 ||— 4,273 + 52.5890 81, 97 -- . 22.19
4 Negro--------------------------------------------------------------- 9,787,424 10. 642 3,393 1,536 4.81 – 1,857 -- 37. 1372 45. 27 -- 1. 0945
5 All other------------------------------------------------------------ 282, 544 . 307 98 54 . 16 ||— 44 + 6.6647 55. 10 + 6.8007
6 || All foreign countries------------------------------------------------ 13, 515,886 14.696 - 4,685 10,858 34.06 |-|- 6, 173 + 42.6399 231. 76 -- . 9101
7 | Purope------------------------------------------------------------- 11,791, 841 12. 82] 4,087 9,901 31.05 |-|- 5,814 + 40.2629 242, 26 -- .9851
8 | Northwestern Europe----------------------------------------------- 6,740,400 7. 329 2,336 5, 173 16. 22 |+ 2,837 -- 31.3851 221. 45 + 1. 3435
9 Great Britain ----------------------------------------- ** = • * * * * * * = e = * * 1,221, 283 1. 328 423 577 1.80 + 154 + 13.7852 136.41 + 3.2589
10 England-------------------------------------------------------- 877,719 . 954 304 452 1. 41 |+ 148 + 11. 7086 148. 68 + 3.8515
11 Scotland----------------------------- * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 261,076 . 284 91 112 . 35 |+ 21 + 6. 4073 123.08 + 7. 0410
12 Wales---------------------------------------------------------- 82,488 . 090 29 13 . 04 ||— 16 -- 3. 6050 44.83 + 12.4310
1 The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for thi É
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on
& 4 - *
is particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institutions reporting.
gration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives.

;
TABLE 2A.—Quota fulfillments by the dementia praecox group—Continued.
(1) 2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. United States
- Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) .(B) (A) - (B)
in 1910 Percent Number Number #: By numbers, By per cent
allotment. expected. found. tion. plus or minus. º
ANALYSIS B–Continued.
13 Ireland------------------------------------------------------------- 1,352,251 1. 470 469 1,848 5. 79 |+ 1,379 + 14.4951 394.03 + 3.0906
14 | Germany----------------------------------------------------------- 2,501,333 2. 720 867 1,733 5.43 |-|- 866 -- 19.5888 199.88 -- 2. 2594
#| Seahºº:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: *; tº #| “... *; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
OTWay - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 877 e e + + 7. - + 5.
17 Sweden.--------------------------------------------------------- 665, 207 . 723 230 443 1. 38 + 213 + 10. 2050 }% 61 + 4.4370
i8 Denmark- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 181,649 . 198 63 81 . 25 |-|- 18 + 5. 3468 128.57 -- 8.4870
19 Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, and Luxemburg. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 172,534 . 188 60 97 . 30 + 37 -- 5. 2112 161.67 + .8. §853
20 Netherlands---------------------------------------------------- 120,063 . 131 42 73 .22 |+ 31 + 4.3484 173. 81 + 10.3533
21 łºść........................: * * * * * * - - - - - - - * * * * * * * - - - - - - - º :}; H * º + { + 2. 7903 141, 18 + 16.4135
22 tly enlburg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 º e T -- I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * *
23 France-------------------------------------------------------------- 117, Žig 128 41 107 . 33 |-|- 66 + 4.3003 || 260.98 + 10.4885
24 | Switzerland--------------------------------------------------------- 124,848 136 43 27 . 08 ||— 16 + 4.4341 62. 79 + 10.3119
25 | Southern and Eastern Europe-------------------------------------- 5,048, 583 5. 489 1, 750 4, 584 14.37 |+ 2,834 + 27.4306 261.94 + 1. 5675
#|ºga...::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: § {#| | | #| || || ## *; ; ; ;
# F#.............................................................. 1,343,135 1. 366 465 1,024 3.21 |+ 559 ± 14.3463 || 3:0.3i + 3.ió63
29 || Russia and Finland.------------------------------------------------ 1,732,462 1. S84 601 2,350 7.37 |+ 1,749 + 16.3723 391.01 + 2. 7242
30 USS13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,602,782 1. 743 556 1,440 4.51 |+ 884 –– 15. 7589 258.99 + 2.8343
31 Fº - sº s ºs e ºs - - - - - - - - as sº e s we ºn - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * - - - - - - - * * * * * * - - - - - - - - 129,680 . 141 45 § 2. ; + 62 + 4. 5189 237. 78 + 10. 0420
32 Oland----------------------------------------------------------|--------------|------------|------------ • *-** I • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * i. e. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
33 || Austria-Hungary--------------------------------------------------- 1,670, 582 1. $16 579 940 2.94 |-|- 361 + 16.0828 162.35 + . 2. 7777
#| #..….. *##| "...; #. ; ### , ; ; ; ; ; ;
35 §ary- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - º º * + 8. 816 / e sº
;|Palºula:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: *; : % lſº ; : * + š, #3; # ºft
umania.------------------------------------------------------- 6 . 07 - -- + 3. . 35 + g
38 Bulgaria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ii. 493 . 013 4 13 . 04 |+ 9 == 1, 3464 || 325.00 -- 33. 6600
39 Serbia---------------------------------------------------------- 4,639 - 005 2 8 º -- ; + {º}}
# ºf lºg º : s: ºf ; a 3.9% #% 11.41%
42 Turkey in Europe---------------------------------------------- 32,230 . 035 11 34 ... 10 |+ 23 + 2, 2540 309. 09 -- 20. 4909
#|ºpenºpºd:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1&# .# & *#: .## * , 5.4ss ºiââºãi
sia-------- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - w º + 5. º º
45 | Turkey in Asia- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - 59.7% . 065 21 72 , 22 |+ 51 + 3.0680 342.86 -– 14- 6095
*
t


ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
785
*Á qȚAȚņęu ULAoux[un go ºsoqº Iſe pſe ‘pºgoJqe uſoq sureoțJouTV ], søpnțou I ;
*(pºgĮoºds ļou) SAAøp puſe 938) tiêuºd u Bēdouriºſ pºxȚUI. Jo suosiøā søÞnțouŤ și
*UOȚļēOgſoºds IoqȚInŲ qnoqȚAA … Su eļABUȚpūgos,, ºſ pºļsſ 0.10A ºseqq $uoùIſ é
::::::::::::::::::::Z --| 00 *I8800 °126 ‘9* √≠ ≤ ≥ ≡ ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ≡ æ æ ， æ ææ æ æ ， æ，• • • • • • • • • • • • # ſe • 63 e • • • • • • • • • •- - - - - - - - - - - - - - eºs qe u Iog
::::::::::::........OțI +| +$ ºTýI ;Ț800 º1893 || IIIIIIIII± • • • • • • • • • • • •--------------• • • ）， ** * = € œ =pºgț09đs ļoUI ÁIQūnoo
::::::::::::::::::::| ， + º il ſº.și}#:##3, ĽJIŻIIIIIIIIII.]]}}&########
•=*** - * * * * *） ≤ • • • → ← → ← → • • ► ► ► • • • • • • • • • ！=* * *>- → • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •STOUIGIST OTTUI
1,9 °991,OZ +| 20 °8%8OTO ºg£0 fő• ę， ą， ę, ą） – s• • • • • • • • •ſae ae → • • •• • ******-º-º-º-º-º-º-*： «» «， ， * ± • • • •::::::::::Oe
00°009g +| ZO *9Ț†00 ºZ66 ºg* * * * * * * * * • • • • •«; • • • • • • & & æ æ æ*-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º• • • • • • • • • • • •�■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ æ ææ æ ææ ææ-- -*-eőpıyºr
«• • • • • • • • ± • •~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ | 6369 ºg FF OLI +| 39 °g8TȘI};0 °Ogg $ſ;------------------------------------------------------------jogao ſię
• № • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • •8 - || 00 *08600 °8ZZ ‘8*） ≤ ∞ → ← → ← → • • æ æ ， æ æ* * * * * * æ æ ， ** * * * * * * * * = <= * * * * = <-» ， • •* • • • • • • • • • ► ► ► • æ æ æſeo! IºuTW uſqnoS
•* • • • • • • • • • • •§ → • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • → «» «» ， • •*| 00 *IIŹ00 ºggj, “I |--------• • • § • • • • & • • • • • • • • •± = =， s • • • • •± &-& & & & æ æ • • • • • • • • • • •€0ȚIQULIŲ Į8 IQū9O
†929 °), FF 8g ºgȚI | g306 ºg FF ZI +| №, º68//IŤZ ºgigºtzz |----------------------------------------------± √∞ √≠ ≤ • • • • • • æ •~ ~ ~ ~00pxøJN
988g “OZ FF 19°999 || Ziff9Z "Z FF gg +| 0Z *99II980 ºzog ºgg |- - - - - - - - - -* * * • • •* • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ** • • • • • • • • • • • ssºſpūI qsºAA Jøqąó
Oý68 ’08 -F 00 ‘09/#ffg ‘I FF Z — ţ Ț0 °899T0 ºgęI ºg I |------• • • • § € ← → • • ** * ± • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • → → • •'80{n(O
9!!! '9Į.5 88:ggſ | 007!, z + zg +| Ig:69M.IZg0 ºg£9“、± • • • • • • • • • • • æ • • • • •* * * * * * • • • * * * * * * * * = w * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •SºļpūI ĮS0AA
• • • • • • • • • • • •* • • • • • =Z —| 00 *0Z900 °080 ºg-------------------------------------------------- puetpunojamost
Tg86 ºg FF TO “†† I || 91. Ig （II FF gzI +| 9% * I60ý#8ZT68 º#gg ºg Ig |-------------§ æ Œ Œ œ • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • æ ， æ ææ æ æ • • • æ æ*Jøų įo ‘epºuſeO
Z808 ºg FF £9 *ȚI,89 LJ, * 1. FF 88 – 08 º96#8Ț6Iſ; º| 880 ºg88* • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • •= æ æ ， æ æ • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •UȚ0ū9āJI ‘epetīgo
9Þ1， ºg FF ºg ”OZI | 1041, ºgȚ FF 93 +| 8g “I9096.Tf7gȚ8 °T1ī), ºgūzºſ |----------------！» «） s = * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • + → • • • • •pūleſ pūnOJAA0Nſ puſe ep'eUBO
89$6 ‘Z FF 89 "8.ŽI I I007, ºgȚ -Fși†#*Zçº9Ț96Ț9 *IĮgz38ř“I |j• • • • • • • • • •� � � ~ * * • * ± • → ← → • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •* * • • • • • • • • • • œ œeoțIÐULIŲ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • × ± • •§ →ZO *Ț800 °I69 "Z• § €， ºs º * e «» ） » • • • • • • • • • •∞ √≠ ≤ ∞ √≠ ≤ ≥ ± − → → → → → • • • → → → •！ ， ， ） = æ Œ œ • •* SÐÞIQUIn00 19ų40
00 ^039II +į †0 °8IZ900 °† 99%± & æ æ ， æ ø ± ø œ • → ← → • •::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Oe
1819 *£I FF 1,9 °9Ț9/92, ºg FF 0% —| IO º#†Z† 20 °††), º 19* * ， ， ， ， ） • • • § § → • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ¶ • • • •--------------------------------treder
g896 “†T AF 00 ºgg1086 °Z （F 6 ~] 80 *0II0%Z90 °09.gſ.ºgg* → ∞, ∞; ∞, ∞， ∞; ∞, ∞; ∞, ∞， ∞; ∞, ∞; ∞ → • § © ® • • • • • • •------------------------------------guțgo
g
i
TABLE 2.B.-Quota fulfillments by the manic depressive group.
Character of institutional population: The insane.
g. Clinical type: The manic depressive group.
b. Sex and numbers:
ales * * * * me tº e º gº º E. as tº gº gº gº gº se º te tº e º º 'º º gº tº º sº º tº dº & ºn tº ſº º tº it tº gº tº sº º w = e º e º e º sº m e º is * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * gº ºs º ºr ºf º ºs º ºr gº tº is º º is is * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sº a s a sº º ºs e e gº is º is as tº ºn tº º ºs e º sº sº º * * * * * * * g e º sº tº sº tº e º 'º ºr 3,334
Females * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * tº gº tº ºn tº e º 'º e º & & Cº º tº gº º ºs e º ſº tº tº gº ºn e º e º sº e tº º ºs º is a gº ºn g º ºr gº tº dº º is sº tº gº & tº sº, º se de & ge ºp sº e º sº as sº sº gº º is sº is º ºs e º ºs º ºn as as º ºs sº as º ºs º is is sº º ºs º ºs & tº ºs e e º is tº e º ºs º e º is sº sº º m & & tº $ & & 4. & tº gº º sº tº a ſº tº gº © & E & sº gº º sº º ºs 4,289
Total.-------------- • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = • e e = e s = • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = & sº tº º º sº e s as tº e ag n s sº e e s is sº sº e º a s is a s is a tº e s s a us e as a tº a gº is a tº s = as ºn a s sº a s e s is a s m is tº e s is a s m is a e s is a & a s sº s 2 s a s = e s e a s a s = * * * * 7,623
Source of data: 1
a. Institutions making returns:
1. Number: 58. •
2. Where located: Same as “IDementia praecox.”
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922.
b. Number of institutions of the same class not making returns: 102.
,--——
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. w United States *
g Nativity group or Country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910. Per cent Number Number £º By numbers
allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: plus or minuš. By per Cent.
• ?
ANALysis B.
[By nationalities or countries of birth.]
1 | All countries-----------------------…-------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 7,623 7,623 100.00 -------------------- 100.00
2 | United States------------------------------------------------------- 78,456,380 85.304 6,502 5,459 71.61 — 1,043 + 20.8507 83.95 + 3. 2068
3 ite--------------------------------------------------------------- 68,386,412 74. 355 5,667 4,881 64,02 |— 786 -– 25. 7154 86. 10 + .4538
4 | Negro--------------------------------------------------------------- 9,787,424 10. 642 811 547. 7. 17 |– 264 + 18. 1596 67.38 + 2. 2392
5 All other----------- ... • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 282, 544 . 307 23 31 . 40 |+ 8 + 3. 2590 130. 29 + 14. 1696
6 || All foreign countries------------------------- * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13,515,886 14.696 1, 120 2, 164 28.38 |+ 1,044 + 20.8503 193.06 -- 1. 8616
7 | Europe-------------------------------------------------------------- 11,791, 841 12. 821 977 1,910 25.05 |+ 933 + 19.6881 195. 39 -- 2.0152
8 | NorthWestern Europe----------------------------------------------- 6,740,400 7. 329 558 1,036 13. 59 |-|- 478 -- 15. 3470 185. 65 + 2. 7504
9 || Great Britain------------------------------------------------------- 1,221,283 1. 328 100 162 2. 12 |+ 62 + 6. 7408 || 160.60 + 6.7408
10 England-------------------------------------------------------- 877,719 . 954 72 130 1.70 |-|- 58 + 5. 8043 178.94 + 8.0615
11 Scotland-------------------------------------------------------- 261,076 . 284 21 29 . 38 |+ 8 + 3. 1331 135.71 + 14.919.5
12 Wales----------------------------------------------------------- 82,488 . 090 6 3 . 03 ||— 3 + 1. 7628 37.50 –– 29.3800
13 Ireland-------------------------------------------------------------- 1,352,251 1.470 112 325 4, 26 |-|- 213 + 7. 0879 289. 79 + 6. 3285
14 Germany--------------------------------------, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * 2,501,333 2. 720 206 352 4. 61 + 146 -– 9. 5786 170.11 + 4, 6498
15 Scandinavia--------------------------------------------------------- 1,250,733 1. 360 102 2 135 1. 77 |-|- 33 + 6.8205, 131.11 + 6. 686
16 NorWay--------------------------------------------------------- 403,877 439 30 22 . 28 ||— 8 + 3. 8938 70.00 = - 12.9793
17 Sweden.---------------------------------------------------------- 665,207 723 54 75 .98 |+ 21 + 4.990} 136.11 + 9. 2409
18 Denmark------------------------------------------------------- 181,649 . 198 14 10 , 13 — 4 + 2. 6145 68. 42 + 18. 6750
19 Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, and Luxemburg. ................. 172,534 .188 13 27 35 |+ 14 + 2. 5482 194.44 + 19.6015.
20 Netherlands-------------------------- , * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 120,063 131 9 22 28 |+ 13 + 2. 1263 215. 38 + 23. 6256


3.
21 Pelgium-------------------------------------------------------- 49,400 . 054 3 5 .06 i-H 2 120.00
22 Luxemburg----------------------------------------------------- 3,071 . 003 O 0 •00 ----------------------------------- * * * * *
* | France-------------------------------------------------------------- 117,418 . 128 9 16 . 20 |-|- 7 -- 2. 1028 166.66 -- 23. 3644
24 Switzerland.-------------------------------------------------------- 124,848 . 136 9 19 . 24 |-|- 10 + 2. 1682 184. 61 + 24.0911
25 | Southern and Eastern Europe--------------------------------------- 5,048,583 5. 489 417 827 10. 84 |-|- 410 + 19. 8862 197.81 + 4.7689
26 | Portugal. -------------------- * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 59,360 065 4 9 .11 + 5 + 1. 4956 183.33 =E 37. 3900
27 | Spain--------------------------------------------------------------- 22, 108 . 024 1. 10 . 13 -H 9 650, 00
* | Italy---------------------------------------------------------------- 1,343,125 1. 460 111 217. 2.84 |-|- 106 + 7.0643 194. 52 + 6. 3642
29 Russia and Finland------------------------------------------------- 1,732,462 1.884 143 334 4.38 |+ 191 + 8.0058 232.97 -- 5.5985
30 ussia---------------------------------------------------------- 1,602,782 1. 743 132 234 3.06 |+ 102 + 7.7060 175.86 + 5. 8379
31 *inland--------------------------------------------------------- 129,680 . 141 10 -- . 06 — 5 + 2.2097 42.85 + 22.0972
32 Poland.------------------------------ '• - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I - - - - - - - - - - - - = • * * * * - - - - - - 95 1, 24 |--------------------|--------------------
33 Austria-Hungary---------------------------------------------------- 1,670,582 1. 816 137 236 3.09 ||-- 99 + 7. 8643 170.71 + 5. 7404
34 Austria-------------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1,174,973 1. 278 96 163 2. 13 + 67 + 6. 6135 167.71 + 6.8891
35 Tiungary-------------------------------------------------------- 495,609 . 539 40 73 .95 |+ 33. -- 4.3113 179. 24 + 10. 7782
36 | Balkan Peninsula--------------------------------------------------. 220,946 . 240 18 21 . 27 |-|- 3 + 2.8829 112.50 + 16.0161
37 umania------------------------------------------------------- 65,923 . 072 5 4 . 05 — 1 + 1. 5760 71. 42 + 31.5200
38 Pulgaria-------------------------------------------------------- 11,498 . 013 0 0 •00 --------------------|--------------------
39 Serbia---------------------------------------------------------- 4,639 . 005 0 . 1 .01 –H 1 200. 00
40 Montenegro----------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,374 . 006 0 * 0 .00 --------------------|--------------------
41 Greece---------------------------------------------------------- 101,282 . 110 8 10 . 13 -H 2 + 1.9531 118. 18 + 24.4137
42 Turkey in Europe---------------------------------------------- 32,230 . 035 2 6 .07 |-|- 4 233. 33
43 | Europe not Specified. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "----------------- 2,858 . 003 0 $ 47 . 61 |-|- 47 --------------------
44 sia---------------------------------------------------------------- 191,484 . 208 15 16 . 20 |-|- 1 + 2.6842 100.00 -- 17.8947
45 | Turkey in Asia----------------------------------------------------- 59,729 . 065 4 6 . 07 ||-- 2 + 1. 5002 116. 66 + 37. 5050
40 China--------------------------------------------------------------- 56,756 . 062 4 4 . 05 + 1.4624 83.33 + 36. 5600
47 Japan--------------------------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * 67,744 . 074 5 2 . 02 ||— 3 + 1. 5976 28.57 -- 31. 9521
48 India--------------------------------------------------------------- 4,664 . 005 0 1 .01 |+ 1 200. 00
49 All other countries---------------------........... ------------...... 2,591 . 003 0 3 .03 ||-- 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
80 America------------------------------------------------------------ 1,489,231 1. 619 122 212 2.78 |-|- 96 + 7.4327 172.67 + 6. 0924
51 | Canada and Newfoundland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,209, 717 1. 315 99 129 1.69 |+ 30 + 6. 7093 129.00 + 6. 777-1
52 Canada, French------------------------------------------------. 385,083 . 419 31 39 . 51 |+ 8 + 3. 8026 124.39 + 12. 2665
53 Canada, other--------------------------------------------------- 819,554 . 891 67 , 90 1. 18 |+ 23 + 5. 5341 132.58 + 8. 2598
54 Newfoundland-------------------------------------------------. 5,080 . 006 0 () •00 --------------------|--------------------
55 | West Indies-------------.................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 47,635 . 052 3 5 - 06 ||-- 2 120.00
56 U198 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15, 133 . 016 0 2 .02 |+ 2 --------------------
57 Other West Indies---------------------------------------------- 32, 502 . 035 2 3 * . 03 ||-- 1. 100.00
58 Mexico.------------------------------------------------------------- 221,915 . 241 18 77 1.01 |-|- 59 + 2.8892 420.83 + 16.0511
59 Central America.---------------------------------------------------- 1,736 . 002 0 1. .01 |-|- 1 --------------------
60 | South America------------------------------------------------------ 8,228 . 009 0 0 :00 --------------------|--------------------
61 | All other------------------------------------------------------------ 43,330 . 047 3 26 . 34 |+ 23 l--------------------
° Africa--------------------------------------------------------------- 3,992 . 004 () 2 . 02 |-|- 2 --------------------
63 Australia----------------------------------------------------------- 9,035 . 010 0 0 •00 --------------------|--------------------
64 Atlantic Islands---------------------------------------------------- 18,274 . 020 0 0 •00 --------------------|--------------------
65 Pacific Islands------------------------------------------------------ 2,415 . 003 0 , 2 .02 |-|- 2 --------------------
66 | Country not Specified.----------------------------------------------- 2,687 . 003 0 22 • 28 --------------------|--------------------
07 | Born at Sea--------------------------------------------------------- 6,927 . 008 0 0 •00 ----------------------------------------
* The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institutions reporting.
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives.
* Includes 28 persons listed as “Scandinavians.”
*Includes those of mixed European parentage and Jews (not specified).
ź.
{ . TABLE 2C.—Quota fulfillments by the senile psychosis group.
Character of institutional population: The insane. -- *
a. Clinical type: The senile psychosis group.
b. Sex and numbers: * - -
Males-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,486
*males-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 1,838.
Total.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3,324
Source of data: 1 ſº
a. Institutions making returns:
1. Number: 58.
2. Where located: Same as “Démentia praecox.”
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922.
b. Number of institutions of the same class not making returns: 102.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
Nativity group or country of birth. population ) ) *
in 1910. Per Cent: Number Number Per cent, By numbers J;
isfiri in 11- * : * ~ * * -
allotment. expected. found. dºu plus or minus. By per cent.
- ----------- ----------- - - - ------ --- ------------ ---------------------- - - ----------
ANALYSIS B. - : i
|
[By nationalities or countries of birth.]
1 | All countries---------------------------------------------, - - - - - - - - - - - 91,972,266 100.000 3,324 3,324 100.00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100.00
2 United States------------------------------------------------------- 78,456,380 85.304 2,835 2,202 66, 26 – 633 + 13. 7686 77.67 + . 4857
3 | White--------------------------------------------------------------- 68,386,412 74. 355 2,472 2,026 60.95 – 446 + 16.9809 81.96 -- . 6869
* | Negro--------------------------------------------------------------- 9,787,424 10. 642 354 164 4.93 — 190 + 11.9916 46. 33 + 3.3875
5 All other. ... ----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 282, 544 . 307 10 ~ 12 . 36 |+ 2 + 2. 1521 120.00 + 21. 5210
6 || All foreign countries------------------------------------------------- 13, 515,886 14.696 488 1,122 33.75 |+ 634 + 13. 7684 229. 12 + 2.8214
7 | Purope-------------------------------------------------------------- 11,791,841 12. 821 426 956 28. 76 |-|- 530 + 13.0009 224. 41 + 3.0519
8 NorthWestern Europe----------------------------------------------- 6, 740,400 7. 329 244 760 22.86 |-|- 516 -- 10. 1342 311. 48 + 4. 1534
9 Great Britain------------------------------------------------------- 1,221,283 1. 328 44. 134 4.03 -i- 90 + 4.4512. 304. 55 -- 10. 1164
10 England-------------------------------------------------------- 877,719 . 954 32 99 2.97 –– 67 + 3. 7807 309.37 -- 11. 8147
11 Scotland-------------------------------------------------------- 261,076 . 284 9 29 . 87 -- 20 + 2.0689 322.22 + 22.9878
12 Wales------------------------------------------------------------ 82,488 . 090 3 6 . 18 + 3 200. 00 -
13 Ireland-------------------------------------------------------------- 1, 352,251 1. 470 49 288 8.66 |+ 239 + 4, 6805 587. 76 + . 9552
14 Germany------------------------'• - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,501,333 2. 720 90 223 6.70 |-|- 133 + 6. 3252 247. 78 + 7. 0280
15 Scandinavia------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,250,733 1. 360 45 2 82 - 2.46 |-|- 37 -- 4. 5038 182. 22 + 11. 1196
16 OFWay - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 403,877 . 439 15 26 . 78 + 11 + 2. 5713 173.33 + 17. 1420
17 SWeden :-------------------------------------------------------- 665,207 . 723 24 37 1.11 + 13 + 3. 2952 154.17 -- 13.7300
18 enmark--------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 181,649 . 198 7 7 . 21 + 1. 7264 100.00 -- 24.6629
19 Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, and Luxemburg. ...... -- - - - - - - - - - 172,534 . 188 6 15 - 45 |-|- 9 + 1.6827 250.00 -- 28.0450
20 Netherlands----------------------------------------------------- 120,063 . 131 4. 14 . 42 + 10 + 1. 4041 350.00 =E 35. 1025

ANALysis of AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
789
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00 °00`ſ… - = • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •90 °Z
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--------------------|----------- - - - - - - - - -| 00 ·0
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9993 ºff FF 18 *Ț881.g3 “8 FF £8—| 3ý.“†6ýI
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- → → → → → → → → • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •- - - - - - - - -• • • • • • • • • • • •pºgȚ00ds ſou ÁIQUITTOO
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •# - - - - - - - - - - - -SpUIGISI O JĮ08&I
= - - - - - -> → → →• • • • • • = = - ------------------------- - - - - - - - -spueſsȚ oņueņy
• - - - - -， -: •---------------------------------------------------- «¡ſºrgsny
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -• • • • • • • • • •«…» «… • • • • • •• • • • • •~ ~ ~80țJĮV .
::::::::::::- - - -> • •• • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •J0UĻO [IV
- - - - - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • - - - - --------------------------'80ĮJØULIV UȚQņOS
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • •- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •ſeoț19ūIV (8）IQUIQO
• • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •* •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • •°00ĮX0JN
• • • • • • • • • • • •- - … • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ** * * * ** SºļpūI QS9AA IQUIQO
• • - - ------------------------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - gqno
• • • • • • • • • •- - - - • ^= ± •• • • • • • • • • • • • • •- - - - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •S0ļpūI QS9AA
• - - - - - -，------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pūleſ punoğAAøN . '
• • • • - - ----------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - roqqo ºpºuſeO
-----------;---------- - - -> • • • •• • • • • • • • - • • • • • • • • • • •ųOLIĢIJI ‘ept3.TIBO
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---------------------puſeſ punoJAA0N pūtę 8p 8U8O
• • • • • • • •------------------------------------------- - - - - - - ---- goy ſouTV,
- - - - - - - - - -！• • • • • • • • • • •- → • • • • • •- - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •søȚIQūnoo Jºuņ0 [[W
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •------------------------------------------- eļpūI
- - - - - - • • • • • • - - - • * * * *• - - - - - • • • • • • - • ** = * - - -- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Uſedeſ
«= - - - - - - • • •• - - - - - € ← → • • •- - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •'BLIȚųO
• • • •- - - -> • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •- - - - - - - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •ſeĮSV uĮ Á0x{InJ,
s ≡ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •--eţsy
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •- - - • • • •- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -• • • • • • pagț09đs ļoUI 9đoànGI
- - - - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • •ødo In@I LIŲ Kºx{InȚ,
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •0000.Iſ)
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •|-----• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •OIéuºqūOJN
- - - - - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •- - - - = • • • • • • • • • • • •- - - - - - - - --- eſques
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •---------------------------------- - eļreșing
„ … - - - - - - - - - - - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ** * * * * * * *º eţuſeuIm?：[
_ _ - - - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • * * * ** - eļnsuļū9ā ūBx|[[Bºſ
- - - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •----------------------- * · · · ŘreŘūmȚI
- - - - - - • • • • • - - - - • • • • • • •----------------------------- - - - - - - - epiņsny
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - ee • • • • • •* --KI£8ūnųEȚ-eļļļSnW
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •«… • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • -*ºpuſeſſoaſ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • •- • • • • • • • • • •pūBȚUI!JI
…, … … - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •'eļSSn?H-
• = - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• - - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •- • • • • • • •~ ~ ~ pueĮuĮJĮ puſē eļSSn? I
• • • • • • • • • • • • •::::::• • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • •-------------------------- KįgyI
• • • • • • • • • • • • •^ • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • •-• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •UȚ8đŞ
--------------------------• • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • ► - • • • •[33r1qJOGI
• T - - - - - - -> • • • - ------- » - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9đo Inq u 104sººſ pūle UJøūſųnos
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• - - - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • * *pUſeQIQZQļAAS
- - - - - - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • * * * * *• • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • •00UIGIJI
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •- • • • • • • • • • • •· · · 3 Inquľºxnr I
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • •- - - • • • • •- → • • • • • -- • • • • •- - - - ūInţâţøg
�
3

TABLE 3.−Quota fulfillments by the criminalistic.
Character of institutional population: The criminalistic.
a. Clinical types: All.
b. Sex and numbers: Anal- Anal-
ysis A. ysis B.
Males--------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56,009 39, 539
Females.------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,914 3,442
Total *--------------------" - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 63,923 42,981
Source of data:3
a. Institutions making returns:
1. Number: 155. º , *
2. Where located: Alabama (4), Arizona (2), Arkansas (3), California (5), Colorado (2), Connecticut (3), Delaware, District of Columbia (5), Florida (2), Georgia (3), Idaho
(2), Illinois (5), Indiana (5), Iowa (5), Kansas (4), Kentucky (2), Louisiana (2), Maine (3), Massachusetts (7), Michigan (5), Minnesota (4), Mississippi, Missouri (4), Montana
(2), Nebraskā (3), Nevada (2), New Hampshire, New Jersey (5), New Mexico (2), New York (7), North Carolina (3), North Dakota (2), Ohio (3), Qklahoma (5), Oregon
(2), Pennsylvania (5), Rhode fsland (4), South Čarolina (4), South Dakota, Tennessee (3), Texas (2), Utah (2), Vermont, Virginia (2), Washington (3), West Virginia (2),
Wisconsin (5), Wyoming (2), Federal (4}.
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922. • T. • m
... Number and location of institutions of the same class not making returns: 38, Arkansas (2), Colorado (2), Connecticut (2), Florida, Illinois (2), Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Ken-
tucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska (2), New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York (4), Ohio (2), Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota,
Tennessee (2), Texas, Vermout, Virginia, West Virginia, Washington. -
(1) - (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. Nativity group or country of birth. - º (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910. Per cent Number Number Per cent By numbers -
allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: plus or minus. By per cent.
ANALYSIS A.
[By nativity group.] *
1 | All groups---------------------------------------------------------- ..] 91,972,266 100,000 63,923 63,923 100.00 -------------------- 100.00
2 | Native White, both parents native born. ---------------------------- 49,488,575 53.808 34,396 28, 149 44. 03 - 6,247 -- 85. 0191 81.84 + 24.72
3 | Native white, one parent native born, one foreign born. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,981, 526 6. 504 4, 158 4,806 7. 51 |+ 648 = 42.0516 115. 58 + 1.0113
4 || Native White, both parents foreign born........ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12,916,311 14.044 8,977 8, 182 12.79 – 795 -- 59. 2500 91. 14 + . 6600
5 || Total native born White (2, 3, and 4) -------------------------------- 68,386,412 74. 355 47,530 41, 137 64.35 – 6,393 + 74.4675 86. 55 + 1567
6 || Foreign-born White-------------------------------------------------- 13,345,545 14. 510 9,275 8,017 12.54 — 1,258 + 60.0629. 86. 44 + .. 6476
7 || Total foreign White stock (3, 4, and 6) . . . . . . . ._* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 32,243,382 35.058 22,410 21,005 32.85 – 1,405 + 25. 7314 || 93.73 + . 1148
8 | Negro (all parentage)............. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9,827,763 10. 686 6,831 * 14,198 22.21 |+ 7,367 + 52.6826 207. 85 + . 7712
9 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parefitage).............. 412, 546 . 449 287 3 571 . 89 |+ 284 + 11. 4014 198.95 + 3.9726

&
3.
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives.
ANALYSIS B.
[By nationalities or countries of birth.]
§. * * * s tº s gº s gº is sº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = • * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Northwestern Europe-----------------------------------------------
Great Britain-------------------------------------------------------
England.--------------------------------------------------------
Scotland.----------------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Germany-----------------------------------------------------------
Scandinavia--------------------------------------------------------
is ºs & sº tº e º sº tº e s as g º ºs s º e º e º gº ºs e º se e º ºs e g º gº sº e º 'º gº e º ºs º º ºs ºr sº sº sº tº e º º ºs s gº
Switzerland--------------------------- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Southern and Eastern Europe--------------------------------------
gºal is tº e º as sº sº e e º is sº e s is sº º sº be tº sº º sº e º sº sº e º e º & º ºs e e º gº º ºs º º sº e º g º e º 'º º ºs e s sº gº sº º ºs e
p
Ital
as as s sº as s º º ºs s º ºs ºs º ºs e º ºs s sº º is sº ºn e º 'º & e º sº tº º is º is º 'º e º 'º is e º sº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
gº tº gº gº gº tº º s e ºs e s ∈ tº gº tº e º gº ºs º gº ºs º ºs e g º ºs s e s p * g e º 'º gº tº gº sº tº ºr sº sº tº sº º sº sº º º sº gº tº ºr
Austria-Hungary......... * * * * * * * s • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Austria---------------------------------------------------------
is s e e s sº º sº, sº e º 'º º º sº tº e e º e º ºs e º ºs º ºs e º sº tº se e º 's gº º ºs e º sº * * * g g g º e º 'º s sº e º sº tº
91,972,266
78,456,380
68,386,412
9,787,424
282, 544
13,515,886
* gº tº ſº ºr ºr e s is s as e
-
*
*
*
*
*
«-»
*
«-»
*
g
tº
º
*
º
*-*
gº
tº.
º
*
sº gº as tº sº gº sº gº ºs º ºr º ºs º is tº its sº tº º
#
49, 5117
4, 6379
2. 6173
9. 0163
14. 0869
* * * * * * * * * * * * sº gº º sº sº tº as tº
i
+
+
12. 0716
26. 0567
9. 86.79
17. 4487
1 The difference between the total numbers reported in Analysis A and Analysis B is due to the fact that some institutions reported data on one analysis, but not on the other.
2 The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the Several institutions reporting.
3 These figures are not based on actual reports (Negroes and non-whites not being specified in reports of Analysis A), but calculated proportionately to the findings of Analysis B.
*
§
^s .
TABLE 3.—Quota fulfillments by the criminalistic—Continued.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. Nativity group or country of birth. ";" (A) (B) (A) P (B) t; (A) (B)
- in 1910. €I CôIl
Per cent, Number Number * - - T}y numbers, - -
- allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: plus or minus. By per cent.
- ANALYSIS B–Continued. tº
43 | Europe not Specified.------------------------------------------------ 2,858 0.003 l 94 0.21 |+ 98 |--------------------
44 Asia-------------------------------------------------------------- * * * 191,484 . 208 89 224 . 52 + 135 + 6.3739 251.69 + 7. 1617
45 Turkey in Asia------------------------------------------------------ 59,729 . 065 28 52 . 12 |-|- 24 + 3.5624 185.71 + 12. 7228
46 China--------------------------------------------------------------- 56,756 . 062 27 91 , 21 |-|- 64 + 3.4727 337.04 + 12. 8619
47 Japan--------------------------------------------------------------- ,744 . 074 32 49 . 11 |+ 17 -- 3. 7937 153. 13 + 11. 8553
48 India---------------------------------------------------------------- 4,664 . 005 2 21 . 04 |+ 19 800. 00
49 All other countries-------------------------------------------------- 2,59 . OO3 1. 11 . 02 |-|- 10 1,100.00 -
50 America.----------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,489,231 1.619 696 1,025 2.38 + 329 + 17. 6494 147.27 + 2. 5358
51 | Canada and Newfoundland.--- - - - - - --------------------------------- 1,209, 717 1. 315 565 370 - 86 — 195 + 15.9317 65. 49 + 2.8198
52 Canada, French------------------------------------------------- 85, . 419 180 66 . 15 – 114 + 9.0294 36.67 + 5.0163
53 Canada, other--------------------------------------------------- 819,554 . 891 383 304 . 70 — 79 + 13. 1413 79.37 -- 3. 4311
54 Newfoundland-------------------------------------------------- 5,080 . 006 3 0 . 00 – 3 |--------------------
55 | West Indies--------------------------------------------------------- 47,635 . 052 22 70 . 16 |+ 48 + 3. 1816 318. 18 + 14. 4618
56 Cuba---------------------------------------- -------------------- 15, 133 . 016 7 9 . 02 |-|- 2 + 2. 6591 128.57 -- 37.9871
57 Other West Indies---------------------------------------------- 32, 502 . 035 15 61 . 14 |+ 46 + 2.6283 406.67 + 17. 5220
38 Mexico-------------------------------------------------------------- 221,915 . 241 104 571 1. 32 + 467 + 6. 8606 549.04 + 6. 5967
59 Central America.---------------------------------------------------- 1,736 . 002 l 1. .00 -------------------- 100.00
60 | South America------------------------------------------------------ 8,228 . 009 4 13 .04 |-|- 9 + 1. 3226 325.00 + 33.0650
61 | All other------------------------------------------------------------ 43,330 . 047 . 20 350 .81 + 330 + 3.0345 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
* Africa--------------------------------------------------------------- 3,992 . 004 I 8 .01 |-|- 7 250.00
63 Australia------------------------------------------------------------ 9,035 . 010 4 53 . 12 |+ 49 + 1. 3859 i--------------------
64 || Atlantic Islands----------------------------------------------------- 18,274 . 020 9 0 .00 ||— 9 + 1.9709 --------------------
65 | Pacific Islands- - - - - - - - - - - -V - - es e s as es e e s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2,415 . (303 1. 23 . 05 |-|- 22 --------------------
66 | Country not Specified. -------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,687 . 003 1. 263 .61 -- 262 |--------------------
07 | Born at Sea---------------------------------------------------------- 6,927 - 008 3 3 .01 -------------------- 85.01

§
TABLE 3A.—Quota fulfillments by the juvenile criminalistic group.
Character of institutional population: The criminalistic.
a. Special type: The juvenile group.
b. Sex and numbers: Analysis A. Analysis B.
3,023 639
Source of data: 2
a. Institutions making returns:
1. Number: 87. -
2. Where located: Alabama (3), Arizona, Arkansas, California (3), Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida (2), Georgia (2), Idaho, Illinois (3),
Indiana (2), Iowa (2), Kansas (3), ićentucky, flouisiana, Maine (2), Massachusetts (4), Michigan (3), Minnesota (3), Missouri (3), Montana, Nebraska (3), Nevada,
New Jersey (3), New Mexico, New York % North Carolina (2), North Dakota, Ohio (2), Oklahoma (4), Oregon, Pennsylvania (3), Rhode island (2), South Carolina
(3), South Dakota, Tennessee (2), Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington (2), West Virginia, Wisconsin (3), Wyoming, Federal. -
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922. w tº &
b. Number and location of institutions of the same class not making returns: 13; Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York (3), Oregon,
Tennessee, West Virginia, Washington.
Males----------------------------------------------------------------- as sº as sº a º ºs e = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2 3.
Females.------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -f---------------------------------------- 5, 2,245
Total *-------------------- ..............................---------------------------------------------------------------------------. * * * is as as sº tº me as sº º is tº 18,799 8,884
(i) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota ſulfillments.
No. |United States + -
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910. Per cent . . Number Number Per cent By numbers
allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: plus or minus. By per cent.
ANALYSIS A.
[By nativity group.] -
! | All group----------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 18, 799 3 18,799 100.00 | . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100. 00
2 Native white, both parents native born. -----------............ ----- 49,488,575 53. 808 10, 115 9,365 49.81 – 750 + 14. 5800 92.59 + . 1441
3 | Native white, one parent native born, one foreign born.............. 5,981, 526 6. 504 1,223 1,702 9.05 |-|- 479 + 7. 2115 139. 17 -- . 5897
4 | Native White, both parents foreign born. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,916,311 14.044 2,640 3,070 16. 33 |-|- 430 + 10. 1609 116. 29 + .3849
5 || Total native-born. White (2, 3, and 4) -------.......................... 68,386,412 74. 355 13,978 14, 137 75. 20 |-|- 159 + 12. 7705 101. 14 + . 9136
6 || Foreign-born White. :-------------------------------- --------------- 13,345, 545 14. 510 2,728 1,431 7.61 – 1,297 + 10.3003 52.46 + .3776
7 || Total foreign. White Stock (3, 4, and 6) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32,243,382 35. 058 6,591 6,203 32.99 ||— 388 + 13. 9542 94.11 + 2. 1172
§ | Negro (all parentage).------------------------- as tº as º ºs º as gº tº º is gº º me is gº ºs e s ºr e º 9,827,763 10. 686 2,009 42,873 15. 28 + 864 + 9.0346 143.01 + .4497
9 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parentage). . . . . . . . . . . . . 412, 546 . 449 6358 1.90 |-|- 274 + 1. 9552 426. 19 + 2. 3276
* The difference between the total numbers reported in Analysis A and Analysis B is due to the fact that some institutions reported data on one analysis but not on the other.
* The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institutions reporting.
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives.
* Plus 534 inmates of unknown birthplace and parentage. *
* This figure is not based on actual reports (négroes not being specified in the institutional returns of Analysis A), but on the assumption that the negro and other non-white
É; of the United States contributed the same percentage of criminalistic (that is, 16.2 per cent negroes and 2.02 per cent all other colored races) as found in the group of
nstitutions furnishing data for Analysis B. -
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TABLE 3B.-Quota fulfillments by the adult criminalistic group.
Character of institutional population: The Criminalistic.
a. Special type: The adult group.
b. Sex and numbers: l - Analysis A. Analysis B.
Males------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42,986 32,900
Females------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2, 138 1, 197
Total *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 45, 124 34,097
Source of data: 3
a. Institutions making returns:
1. Number: 68.
2. Where located: Alabama, Arizona (2), Arkansas (2), California (2), Colorado; Connecticut (2), District of Columbia (4), Georgia, Idaho, Illinois (2), Indiana (3), Iowa (3),
Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mairie, Massachusetts (3), Michigan (2), Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montaña,
Nevada,
New Hampshiré, New Jersey @º..
' jà,
México, New York (5), North. Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregori, Pennsylvania (2), Rhode Island (2), Söuth Carolina, Tefinessee, Texas,
Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin (2), Wyoming, Federal (3).
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922.
b. Number and location of institutions of the same class not making returns: 25: Arkansas, Colorado (2), Connecticut (2), Florida,
Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nebraska (2), New York, Ohio (2), Pennsylvania, §
Illinois (2), Kansas, Kentucky, Maine,
outh Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia.
(1) (2) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. United States
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910. Per cent Number Number Per cent By numbers
allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: piùs or minus. By per cent.
* ANALYSIS A.
- [By nativity group.] | -
1 | All groups---------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 45, 124 45,124 100.00 -------------------- 100.00
2 | Native white, both parents native born - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49,488, 575 53. 808 24, 280 18,784 41.62 – 5,493 + 71.4323 77.36 + 0.2942
3 Native white, one parent native born, One ſoreign born. -- - - - - - - - - - - - 5,981, 526 6. 504 2,935 3, 104 6. 87 |-|- 169 -- 35. 3315 105.76 + i. 2038
4 | Native white, both parents foreign born. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12,916,311 14. 044 6,337 5, 112 11.32 – 1, 225 + 49.7813 80.67 + 7856
5 || Total nativeborn White (2, 3, and 4) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 68,386,412 74. 355 33, 552 27,000 59.83 – 6,552 + 19.7854 80. 47 == 0590
6 || Foreign-born White- - - - - - - - - - - : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13,345, 545 14. 510 6, 547 6, 586 14.59 | + 39 + 50.4643 100. 60 + 7708
7 || Total foreign-white Stock (3, 4, and 6) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32,243,382 35. 0.58 15,820 14,802 32.80 – 1,018 + 68.3663 93.57. -- . 4322
8 || Negro (all jº- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * - - - - - - - - - 9,827,763 10. 686 4,822 3 11,325 25.09 |+ 6, 503 + 44, 2635 234.86 -- . 91.79
9 || Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parentage) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 412, 546 . 449 2 3 213 . 47 |-|- 10 + 9. 5793 104.93 + 4. 7189
- {* -


:
ANALYSIS B.
[By nationalities or countries of birth.]
1 | All countries-------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100. 000 34,097 34,097 100.00 -------------------- 100.00
2 | United States------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 78,456,380 85. 304 29,086 28,478 83. 52 – 608 + 44.0985 97.91 + . 1516
3 | White------------------------- * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 68,386,412 74. 355 25,353 20,156 59. 11 – 5,197 -- 54.3872 79.50 + 2. 1452
* | Negro--------------------------------------------------------------- 9,787,424 10. 642 3,629 8, 167 23.95 |+ 4,538 + 38.4071 225.05 + 1.0583
* | All other------------------------------------------------------------ 282,544 . 307 105 155 . 45 |-|- 50 + 6.8926 147. 62 + 6. 5644
6 All foreign countries-------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - 13,515,886 14.696 5,011 5,619 16.47 |+ 608 -- 44. 0979 112. 13 + . 8300
7 | Purope------------------------------------------------------------- 11,791,841 12. 821 4,372 4,248 12.45 – 124 + 41.6397 97. 16 + . 9524
8 | NorthWestern Europe----------------------------------------------- 6,740,400 7. 329 2,499 1,134 3.32 – 1,365 + 32.4583 45. 38 + 1. 2989
9 Great Britain------------------------------------------------------- 1,221,283 1. 328 453 238 . 69 |— 215 + 14. 2566 52.54 + 3. 1472
10 England-------------------------------------------------------- 877,719 954 325 163 47 – 162 + 12. 1090 50. 15 + 3. 7258
11 Scotland-------------------------------------------------------- 261,076 284 97 6]. 17 – 36 -– 6. 6264 62.89 + 6. 8313
12 Wales----------------------------------------------------------- 82,488 | 090 31 14 04 – 17 -i- 3. 7283 45. 16 + 12. 0268
13 Ireland------------------------------------------------------------- 1,352,251 1. 470 501 192 57 – 309 + 14.9908 38. 32 + 2.9922
14 Germany----------------------------------------------------------- 2,501,333 2. 720 927 393 1. 15 |— 534 -i- 20. 2585 42. 39 + 2. 1854
15 Scandinavia-------------------------------------------------------- 1,250,733 1. 360 464 193 56 – 271 + 14.4251 41. 59 -- 3. 1089
16 WorWay--------------------------------------------------------- 403,877 439 150 62 18 ||— 88 + 8. 2353 41.33 + 5. 4902
17 Sweden.--------------------------------------------------------- 665,207 723 247 87 25 ||— 160 + 10. 5539 35. 22 + 4. 2728
18 Penmark------------------------------------------------------- 181,649 198 68 44 12 – 24 + 5. 5296 64. 71 + 8. 1318
19 || Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, and Luxemburg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172,534 188 64 43 12 – 21 + 5. 3894 67. 19 + 8.4209
20 Netherlands---------------------------------------------------- 120,063 131 45 32 09 |— 13 + 4. 4971 71.11 + 9.9936
21 elgium-------------------------------------------------------- 49,400 . 054 18 11 03 |— 7 =E 2.8857 61.11 + 16. 0317
22 Luxemburg----------------------------------------------------- 3,071 003 0 00 – 1 ------ .* = * * * * * * ~ * * ~ * =
23 | France- - - - -^ -------------------------------------------------------- 117,418 128 44 62 18 |-|- 18 + 4.4473 140.91 + 10. 1075
* | Switzerland--------------------------------------------------------- 124,848 . 136 46 13 .03 – 33 + 4.5857 28.26 + 9.9689
25 | Southern and Eastern Europe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ‘5,048,583 5. 489 1,872 3,026 8.87 |+ 1,154 + 28.3685 161. 65 + 1. 5154
26 | Portugal.-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 59,360 . 065 22 43 . 12 |-|- 21 + 3. 1631 195.45 + 14.3777
27 | Spain--------------------------------------------------------------- 22, 108 . 024 62 18 |+ 54 -- 1.9308 775. 00 + 24. 1350
* Italy---------------------------------------------------------------- 1,343, 125 I. 460 498 1,292 3. 78 |+ 794 -- 14. 9408 259.44 –– 3.0002
29 Russia and Finland------------------------------------------------- 1,732,462 1.884 642 916 2.68 |-|- 274 + 16.9322 142.68 + 2. 6374
30 ussia---------------------------------------------------------- 1,602,782 1. 743 594 496 1.45 |— 98 + 16. 2978 83. 50 + 2. 7437
31 Finland--------------------------------------------------------- 129,680 . 141 48 59 17 |-|- 11 + 4.6735 122.92 + 9.7365
32 Poland----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 361 1.05 --------------------|--------------------
33 Austria-Hungary---------------------------------------------------- 1,670,582 1. 816 619 435 1.27 – 184 + 16. 6328 70. 27 -i- 2.6870
34 Austria--------------------------------------------------------- 1,174,973 1. 278 436 225 . 65 — 211 + 13.9872 5i. 61 + 3. 2081
35 Hungary-------------------------------------------------------- 495,609 . 539 184 210 . 61 |-|- 26 + 9. 1182 114. 13 + 4. 9555
36 | Balkan Peninsula--------------------------------------------------- 220,946 . 240 82 . 278 ... 81 |-|- 196 + 6. 0972 339.02 + 7.4356
37 Foumania------------------------------------------------------ 65,923 072 25 43 12 ||-- 18 + 3.3333 172.00 =E 13. 3332
38 Pulgaria-------------------------------------------------------- 11,498 013 4 22 07 |+ 18 + 1. 3925 550.00 + 34.8125
39 Serbia---------------------------------------------------------- 4,639 .005 2 31 .09 |-|- 29 1,550.00
40 Montenegro----------------------------------------------------- 5,374 . 006 2 13 .03 |+ 11 650. 00
41 Greece---------------------------------------------------------- 101,282 .iió 37 134 . 39 + 97 -- 4.1308 362. 16 + 11. 1643
42 Turkey in Europe---------------------------------------------- 32,230 . 035 12 35 - 10 + 23 + 2.3311 291.67 + 19.4258
* The difference between the total numbers reported in analysis A and analysis B is due to the fact that some institutions reported data on one analysis but not on the other.
* The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institutions reporting.
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives.
3 . #. i inot lºsed on actual reports (nonwhite races and negroes not being specified in analysis A), but has been based on the percentage of negroes and other nonwhite
races found in analysis B. -
g
§
TABLE 3B.-Quota fulfillments by the adult criminalistic group—Continued.
*
(1) 2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
United States -
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910. Per cent Number Number #. By numbers, By per cent
allotment. expected. found. tion plus or minus. y p * *
ANALYSIS B–Continued.
Europe not Specified.------------------------------------------------ 1 #. 858 0. § # º; 0. § + 1% 5. 6771 8, § § 7. 9959
sia---------------------------------------------------------------- 91.484 º .63 + 46 + 5. 677 t + 7.
Turkey in Asia----------------------------------------------------- 59. #. e § 3. § • # + 28 + ; § #. % + #. #;
ina--------------------------------------------------------------- 56. 756 - - + 66 + 3.09 - + 14.
Japan.--------------------------------------------------------------- 67,744 .074 25 48 . 14 |-|- 23 + 3.3790 | 192.00 + 1.3516
Wiśās::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: • #; : ; # : ; ; #%
All Other COuntſleS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 º . U3 |-|- O ©
America.---------------- .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * *e e s º º - - - e º ºs e as sº º 'º 1,489,331 1.619 552 873 2.56 |+ 32i + 15.7198 || '15&iš + 2.8478
Canada and Newfoundland----------------------------------------- 1,209, 717 1.315 448 338 .99 — 110 + 14. 1899 75.45 + 3. 1674
anada, French------------------------------------------------- 385,083 . 419 143 52 . 16 |- 91 + 8. 0422 36.36 -– 5.6239
§. ; * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 819,554 o ; 30; * - ; *-- 1; + 11. 7046 94.08 + 3.8502
©WIOUID.Ciland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 080 te º “TT & I • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
West Indies--------------------------------------------------------- 47,635 . 052 18 67 . 19 |+ 49 + 2.8337 || 372.22 + 15.7428
uba'----------------------------------------------------------- 15, 133 - 016 5 8 .02 |+ 3 + 1. 5975 160.00 -- 31.9500
Other West Indies---------------------------------------------- 32, 502 . 035 12 59 . 17 |+ 47 == 2.3409 491.67 + 19. 5075
Mexico-------------------------------------------------------------- 221,915 . 241 82 454 1. 31 + 372 + 6. 1106 545. 83 + 7. 4520
gº America.---------------------------------------------------- 1, § * § # 1. - % tº º ºr * - - is----------- #. §
outh America------------------------------------------------------ 8, 228 º - - + &
All other------------------------------------------------------------ 43,330 . 047 16 281 .82 + 265 + 2. 7027 1,756.25 + 16.8919
Africa--------------------------------------------------------------- 3,992 . 004 1 8 .02 |-|- 7 00. 00
| Australia------------------------------- e tº e s sº sº. • • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9,035 . 010 3 51 . 14 |+ 48 1,700.00
Atlantig Islands---------------------------------------------------- 18,274 .020 7 0 . 00 ||— 7 + 1. 7555 |. -------------------
Pacific Islands------------------------------------------------------ 2,415 . 003 l 22. - 07 |+ 21 2,200.00
Country not Specified.---------------------.... * * * * * * * * is e º - - - tº gº as tº sº * * * 2,687 . 003 1 5 197 • 57 -- 196 ||--------------------
Born at Sea- - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e s e º e s - e = e º s e s a tº e = < * * * * * * * * 6,927 . 008 3 3 .01 -------------------- 100.00
4 Includes inmates of mixed European parentage and unspecified Jews. $ . º e
* This figure includes all foreign-born inmates of unknown birthplace: 2 negroes, 10 mulattoes, 3 American Indians, 3 Americans born abroad, and 9 Spanish Americans.

|
#
Xharacter of institutional population: The epileptic.
a. Clinical types: All.
b. Sex and numbers:
Males---------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Females----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- s “s sº e º sº, e. e. e. e. e s is sº a sº as e º ºs º ºs º ºs • a sº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Source of data: 2.
a. Institutions making returns:
4- Number: 9.
TABLE 4.—Quota fulfillments by the epileptic.
&
2. Where located: Connecticut, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Texas.
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922.
b. Number and location of institutions of the same class
not making returns: 3; Indiana, Kansas, Virginia.
Analysis A. Analysis B.
3,296
2,937
3,916
2,891
*
6,807
(1) (2) (3)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. United States
* Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910. Per cent Number Number | #º By numbers
* i stribti- :-->> ***... . ºf e
allotment. expected. found. diſſºu plus or minus. By per cent
ANALYSIS A.
[By nativity group.]
1 | All groups----------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 6,233 86,233 100.00 ------------------ 100.00
2 | Native white, both parents native born - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49,488, 575 53. 808 3,354 3, 121 50.07 – 233 + 93.05 + .. 7911
3 | Native white, one parent native born, one foreign born.............. 5,981, 526 6.504 405 810 12.99 —- 405 + 200.00 + 3. 2406
4 Native white, both parents foreign born. ---------------------------- 12,916,311 14.044 875 1,571 25. 20 |-|- 696 -– 179. 54 + 2. 1134
5 || Total native born White (2, 3, and 4) . . . . . . . . . . ---------------------- 68,386,412 74.355 - 4,635 5, 502 88. 21 |+ 867 + 118. 71 + . 5014
6 | Foreign born White------------------------------------ -------------- 13,345, 545 14. 510 903 647 10:38 |— 256 + 71.65 + 2.0759
7 || Total foreign white Stock (3, 4, and 6). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32,243,382 35. 058 2, 185 3,028 48.58 |-|- 843 + 138. 58 + 1. 1623
| 8 || Negro (all parentage).------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9,827,763 10. 686 666 4 81 1. 29 |— 585 + 12. 16 + 2.4688
9 || Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parentage)...... • - - - - - - - 412, 546 . 449 28 43 0.04 ||— 25 + 10. 71 + 12. 7086
1 The difference between the total numbers reported in Analysis A and Analysis B is due to the fact that some institutions reported data on one analysis but not on the other.
2 The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the Several institutions reporting.
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives.
3 Plus 801 of unknown birthplace and parentage.
4 The number of Negro and other nonwhite inmates of Analysis A (the reports not specifying races) has been figured approximately from the percentage found in Analysis B,

groups 4 and 5. -
£
TABLE 4.—Quota fulfillments by the epileptic—Continued.
(1)
Nativity group or country of birth.
-
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings.
Quota fulfillments.
(A)
By numbers,
plus or minus.
By per cent.
ANALYSIS B.
[By nationalities or countries of birth.]
All countries--------------------------------------------------------
United States-------------------------------------------------------
White----------------------------------* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
All ſoreign countries-------------------------------------------------
Europe--------------------------------------------------------------
NorthWestern Europe- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -----------------
Great Britain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Germany------------------------------------------------------------
Scandinavia------------------------------ -* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
• s s sº as a • - - - - - - - * * * * *e as as as ºn tº a - - - -, - * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - * * * * * *
Belgium.----------------------------------------------------- '- - -
Luxemburg-----------------------------------------------------
France--------------------------------------------------------------
Switzerland---------------------------------------------------------
Southern and Eastern Europe --------------------------------------
y: * >
Russia and Finland.-------------------------------------------------
Russia---------------------------------------------- ------------
and------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
}
3
3
i
;
:
3
1
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e
+ 150 + 19. 7034
+ 813 + 24.3004
— 645 + 17. 1604
- 17 =E 3.0796
— 150 + 19. 7031
— 128 + 18. 6047
- 98 -- 14. 5025
+ 41 + 6. 3699
+ 38 + 5.4103
+ 5 –– 2.9607
* 2 + 1.6658
+ 8 + 6. 6979
* 49 + 9.0516
* 80 + 6. 4452
*- 29 + -3. 6.795
-sº 38 + 4. 7155
-- 12 + 2. 4706
-* 7 -- 2.4080
-- 7 + 2.0093
--- 6 + 1.9871
-*. 5 -- 2.0489
*-*. 41 + 12. 6751
+ 2 + -1.4133
- 16 + 6. 6756
+- 22 + 7.5653
- 3 + 7. 2821
- 7 ± 2.0881
+ 31
3. 3930
4. 8015
2. 3702
14. 6648
1. 9703
2. 1311
2.9063
7.0777
8.3235
15. 5826
27. W633
6. 6979
4. 8928 -
6. 9303
12. 2650
9.6235
J9. 0046
18.5231
22.3256
32. 2350
22. 0789
22. 7656
3. 3891
35. 3325
6. 7430
5.9104
6. 1194
20. 8810 -
- - - - - - - - - tº sº e as as
#
Montenegro-----------------------------------------------------
Greece----------------------------------------------------------
Turkey in Europe-----------------------------------------------
Europe not Specified------------------------------------------------
Asia----------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s º ºs & sº e s sº se is as s a s ºr s sº as s at is sº e º sº sº sº gº tº me as sº sº gº we as º is s
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * = * * * * * is s
Canada, French-------------------------------------------------
Canada, other. . . . . . . . . . -----------------------------------------
Newfoundland--------------------------------------------------
West Indies-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cub
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s as ºr sº e º sº sº gº º º gº º sº º ºs s sº s sº sº,
Atlantic Islands-----------------------------------------------------
Pacific Islands---------------------------. * * = * * s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Country not Specified. ----------------------------------------------
|Born at Sea---------------------------------------------------------
Austria-Hungary-------------.`-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * g
Austria--------------------------------------------------------- t
1,670, 582
1, 174,973
495,609
220,946
65,923
11,498
,639
5,374
1
1.
1
0
;
?
1.
o
1
;
:
65
22
— 44 + 7.4316
* 38 + 6. 2495
* 6 -- 4.0740
--- 4 + 2. 7242
-- 1 + 1. 4894
1. 3 + i. §457
£-ii-----------
* 7 + 2.5365
—H. 3 + 1. 4177
--- 4 + 1. 3820
sºme 5 + 1.75097
I 36 E. 7.6236
----- 22 + 6. 3401
* 1 + 3. 5933
— 21 + 5. 2297
tº 2 + i. 2662'
* & sº sº sº s º sº sº sº * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
s tº sº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
4-, * = º º º º ºr & & º 'º - * * * * *-* * *
s sº * * * * * * * * * * * 9 s tº e º an e
tº gº sº º sº tº s sº me g º gº º ºs ºs ºs e º is as
tº tº * * * * * * * * * * sº º ºs as sº tºs º ºs
64. 52 + 5.9932
56.32 + 7. 1838
83.78 + 11. 0108
75.00 + 17.0262
120.00 + 29.7880
as º at s = e º e º ºs s = * * * * * * * *
as as as as as we sº sº as ºr ºr ºr a * * * * * * *
* * s sº sº e º sº sº sº sº as sº tº dº tº dº º &
175.06 E 35.4425
am s sº º ºs ºs e º is sº e º sº se & ſº tº ſº º ºs
67. 27 –– 6. 3851
75. 56 -- 7.0446
96.55 -- 12. 3907
65. 57 -- 8.5733
50.00 iſ 3i. 6556
ió0.00
25.00 + 17. 0637
sº sº as as ºs º e º e º ºs s = º is as * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * *s is & = s. as a s =
* * * * * * * * * * * * sº e s = * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* This group includes inmates of mixed European parentage and Jews whose birthplace is unspecified.
* This figure includes all foreign-born persons of unknown birthplace—2 Americans and 2 of mixed American parentage. all foreign-born.
é
sº
.***
TABLE 5.—The inebriate (not analyzed as a wnit. See p. 744).
TABLE 6.-Quota fulfillments by the twberculous.
Character of institutional population: The tuberculous.
a. Clinical types: All.
b. Sex and numbers: Analysis A. Analysis B.
Males----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * 6,676 4,202
Females------------------------------------- , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3,425 2,249
Total *-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- 10, 101 36,451
Source of data: 2
a. Institutions making returns:
1. Number: 55. e - - - - - ſº
2. Where located: Connecticut (2), Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine (2), Maryland (2), Massachusetts (4), Michigan, Minnesota,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania (3), £hodé Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Virginia
(3), West Virginia, Wisconsin (2), Federal (17).
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922. - gº º ºs
b. Number and location of institutions of the same class not making returns: 15; Arkansas, Connecticut (2), New Eſampshire, New Jersey, Oklahoma (3), Texas, West Virginia,
Federal (5).
| º
(1) * ; (2) 4. (3) . - (4) . (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
|
}
No. l - |United States
Nativity group or country of birth. Pºion (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
g l
| º P * * w Per cent * -
j er Cent Number Number tº 8 & By numbers -
| allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: pitis or minuš. By per cent.
+ | *
ANALYSIS A.
[By nativity group.] r º -
| | All groups:--------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100. 000 10, 101 3 10,101 100.00 -------------------- 100.00
2 | Native white, both parents native born. ---------------------------- 49,488,575 53. 808 5,435 4,859 48.10 – 576 + 33.7970 89.40 + .6218
3 Native white, one parent native born, One foreign born. -- - - - - - - - - - - - 5,981,526 * 657 808 7.99 —– 151 + 16. 7165 122.98 + 2. 5444
4 | Native white, both parents foreign born. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12,916,311 14.044 1,419 1,745 17.27 |-|- 326 + 23. 5532 122.97 -- 1.6598
5 || Totainative born white (2, 3, and 4)-------------------------------- 68,386,412 74. 355 7, 511. 7,412 73. 37 – 99 + 29. 6025 98.68 -- .3941
6 | Foreign born White------------------------------------------------- 13,345,545 14. 510 1,466 1,954 19.34 |-|- 488 + 23.8764 133.29 + 1.6287
7 || Total foreign white stock (3, 4, and 6)------------------------------- 32,243,382 35. 058 3,541 4,507 44.61 |+ 966 + 32.3464 127.28 + . . 9135
8 . Negro (all parentage).----------------------------------------------- 9,827,763 10. 686 1,079 430 4.25 - 643 + 29. 94.25 39.85 -- i. 9409
9 || Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parentage) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 412,546 . 449 45 305 3.01 -i- 260 + 4. 5323 677. 78 + 10. 0718

!
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
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33555–23—see T-c—6
#
No.
TABLE 6.—Quota fulfillments by the twberculous—Continued.
(1) (2) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
|United States
Nativity group or country of birth. Pºłºn (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910.
Per cent Number | Number §: By numbers, By per cent,
allotment. expected. found. tion plus or minus. y p -
ANALYSIS B–Continued. e
ºpe not specified * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * #. ; 0. º: G 6 : 0. ; +- ; 2 4693 - - işi. 62 - - - iš. 9936
Slä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Jº e ºs • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4 . 208 13 . 37 |+ + 2. . 62 + 18.9946
§ºy in Asia::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: #3.7% . 065 4 21 :: * iſ # ##|...º.º.º.º.
C ina * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 56 756 - 062 4 0 -> 00 - 4 + e 4 • * * * * * * e s = e se as º ºr e º 'º - -
Japan.--------------------------------------------------------------- §7. . 074 5 2 . ()3 — 3 + 1. 4697 40.00 + 29. 3940
India:-------------------------------------------------------------- 4,664 , 0.05 0 {} •00 l--------------------|--------------------
All other countries. ------------------------------------------------- 2,591 . 003 0 1 . 01 |-|- 1 --------------------
America.------------------------------------------------------------ 1,489,231 1.619 104 94 1. 45 — 10 + 6. 8375 30.38 + 6. 3745
Canada and Newfoundland----------------------------------------- 1,209, 717 1. 315 85 91 1. 41 |+ 6 + 6. 1721 107.06 -- 7. 2613
Canada, French------------------------------------------------- 385,083 . 419 27 23 . 35 | – 4 + 3.4981 85. 19 + 12.9559
Canada, other---------------------------------------------- a. * * * * 819,554 . 891 57 68 1.05 –– 11 + 5.09.20 117.97 -- 8.9333
Newfoundland-------------------------------------------------- 5,080 . 006 0 0 •00 --------------------|--------------------
West Indies--------------------------------------------------------- 47,635 . 052 3 2 . 03 ||— 1. 60.00
uba'----------------------------------------------------------- 15, 133 . 016 1 0 .00 --------------------|--------------------
Other West Indies---------------------------------------------- 32, 502 . 035 2 2 •03 |-------------------- 100.00
Mexico. ------------------------------------------------------------- 221,915 24]. 16 l . 01 ||— 15 + 2.6579 6.25 + 16. 6119
Central America.---------------------------------- * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,736 . 002 0. 0 •00 --------------------|--------------------
South America-----------------------------------------------------. 8, 228 . 009 1. 0 •00 --------------------|--------------------
All other------------------------------------------------------------ 43,330 047 3 7 35 . 54 |+ 32 1, 166.67
Africa--------------------------------------------------------------- 3,992 . 004 0 0 :00 --------------------|------------- - - - - - -
Australia----------------------------------------------------------- 9,035 . 010 l 8 . 12 |-|- 7 800. 00
Atlantic Islands---------------------------------------------------- 18,274 . 020 1 0 . 00 |— 1 --------------------
Pacific Islands-------------------------T- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,415 . 003 0 4 . 06 |-|- 4 --------------------
Country not Specified----------------------------------------------- 2,687 . 003 0 7 23 . 35 |-|- 23 1. -------------------
Born at Sea--------------------------------------------------------- 6,927 , 008 0. 0 .00 -------------------|------------------
3 Includes inmates of mixed European parentage and Jews (not specified). &
7 This group includes all foreign-born individuals of unknown hirthplace and those of mixed American parentage born abroad

3.
TABLE 7.-Quota fulfillments by the blind.
*.
Character of institutional population: The blind (including the blind and deaſ).
a. Clinical types: All.
b. Sex and numbers: Analysis A. Analysis B.
Males----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sº e g º gº as as gº º .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,303 550
Females--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,085 435
Total *---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2, 388 985
Source of data:2
a. Institutions making returns:
1. Number: 20. tº • *
2. Where located: Alabama (2), Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, New Mexico, Now York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon,
Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin.
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922.
b. Number and location of institutions of the same class not making returns: 22; , Arkansas, Califolnia (2), Delaware, Fº Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana,
Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
| Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
United States
No. Nativity group or country of birth. Pºiºn (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
JIT s
Per cent,
Per Cent, Number Number * r * By numbers &
º allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: plus or minus. By per cent.
ANALYSIS A. tº
[By nativity group.]
! | All groups:--------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 2,388 8 2,388 100.00 -------------------- 100.00
2 | Native white, both parents native born.................... --- - - - - - - 49, 488, 575 53. 808 1, 285 2,000 83. 75 |+ 715 + 16.4312 155. 64 + 1. 2787
3 | Native white, one parent native born, one foreign born... . . . . . . . . . . . 5,981, 526 6. 504 15.5 126 5. 27 |- 29 + 8. 1271 81.29 + 5. 2433
4 | Native white, both parents foreign born - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12,916,311 14.044 335 192 8.04 ||— 143 + 11.4509 57. 31 + 3.4182
5 || Totainative born white (2, 3, and 4). ------------------------------- 68,386,412 74. 355 1,776 2,318 97.06 |-|- 542 + 14.3919 130. 52 + 8104
6 | Foreign born White-------------------------------------------------- 13,345,545 14. 510 346 38 1.59 – 308 + 11.6081 10. 98 + 3.3549
7 || Total foreign white stock (3, 4, and 6) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32,243,382 35. 058 837 356 14.90 – 481 + 15. 7260 42.53 + i. 8789
8 | Negro (allparentage).----------------------------------------------- 9,827,763 10. 686 255 * 14 . 58 |— 241 + 10. 1817 5. 49 + 3.9928
9 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parentage)... . . . . . . . . . . 412, 546 . 449 11 4 18 . 75 –– 7 -- 2. 2035 163.64 + 20.0318
* The difference between the total numbers reported in Analysis A and Analysis B is due to the fact that some institutions 1eported data on one analysis but not on the other.
2 The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institutions reporting.
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives.
* Includes 31 inmates of unknown birthplace and parentage. e * & &
4 These figures are not based upon actual statements (negroes and nonwhites not being specified in returns of Analysis A), but upon comparison with findings in Analysis B.

806
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
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#
TABLE 8.—Quota fulfillments by the deaf.
Character of institutional population: The deaf.
a. Clinical types: All.
b. Sex and numbers:
Analysis A. Analysis B.
1, 297
Males------------------------------------ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * = * = = = * * * = = = = = a- - - - - 2,758 y
Females------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- 2,335 1,076
Total” ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5,093 2, 373
Source of data: 2
a. Institutions making returns:
1. Number: 21
2. Where located: Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin, Federal.
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922.
b. Number and location of institutions of the same class not making returns: 12; Alabama, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma,
Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
lnstitutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. United States t
Nativity group or country of birth. Pººn (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
1I].
& Per Cent,
Per cent Number Number e R sº By numbers te
allotment. expected. found. diºUi- plus or minuš. By per cent.
ANALYSIS A.
[By nativity group.] ---
1 | All groups. --------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 5,093 5,093 100.00 -------------------- 100.00
2 Native White, both parents native born - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49,488,575 53. 808 2,740 3, 677 72. 19 |+ 937 –– 23.9990 134. 20 + .8759
3 Native white, one parent native born, one foreign born. - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,981, 526 6. 504 331 251 4.92 — 80 + 11.8703 75. 83 + 3. 5862
4 | Native White, both parents foreign born- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12,916,311 14.044 715 588 11. 54 – 127 EE 16. 7250 82.24 + 2. 3392
5 || Total native born White (2, 3, and 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .---------------. 68,386,412 74. 355 3,787 4,516 88. 67 |-|- 729 –– 21.0206 119.25 + . 5551
6 Foreign born White------------------------------------------------- 13,345, 545 14. 510 739 110 2. 15 – 629 -- 16.9545 14.88 + 2. 2942
7 || Total foreign white stock (3, 4, and 6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,243,382 35.058 1,785 949 18.63 – 846 -– 22.9689 53. 16 + i. 2868
8 | Negro (all parentage)------------------------------------------------ 9,827,763 10. 686 544 3455 8, 93 ||— 89 + 14.8712 83.64 + 2. 7337
9 || Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parentage). . . . . . . . . . . . . 412. 546 . 449 23 * 12 . 23 ||— 11 + 3. 2184 52.17 + 13. 9930
ANALYSIS B.
[By nationalities or countries of birth.]
All countries-------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 2,373 2,373 100.00 -------------------- 100.00
2 United States------------------------------------------------------- 78,456,380 85.304 2,024 2,304 97.09 || -- 280 + 11.6334 113.83 + . 5748
3 | White--------------------------------------------------------------- 68,386,412 74. 355 1,764 2,044 86. 13 || -- 280 + 14, 3476 115.87 -- . 8134
#
NorthWestern Europe-----------------------------------------------
Great Britain-------------------------------------------------------
Pngland--------------------------------------------------------
Scotland--------------------------------------------------------
€ill ſlå IK
Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, and Luxemburg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Netherlands-----------------------------------------------------
Pelgium--------------------------------------------------------
Puxemburg-----------------------------------------------------
"rance--------------------------------------------------------------
Austria-Hungary----------------------------------------------------
Austria---------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
*umania -------------------------------------------------------
Pulgaria--------------------------------------------------------
Serbia-----------------------------------------------------------
Montenegro-----------------------------------------------------
Greece - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Turkey in Europe----------------------------------------------
Europe not Specified.------------------------------------------------
Asia----------------------------------------------------------------
All other countries--------------------------------------------------
America------------------------------------------------------------
9,787,424
282, 544
13, 515,886
1,670, 582
1, 174,973
495,609
220,946
65,923
i
7
2
0
1
3
38
2
?
+ 10. 1319
+ 1.8183
– 280 -– 11.6332
— 253 + 10.9847
— 154 + 8. 5626
- 27 -- 3. 7609
- 18 + 3. 1944
- 7
- 2
- 35
- 61 + 5. 3443
- 29 -- 3. 8054
- 10 -- 2. 1725
- # + 2. 7841
+ 1 + 1. 4217
- 1
-- 2
- 3
— 101 -- 7. 6929
- 2
- I
- 32 + 3.9414
- 24 + 4.4667
- 29 + 4. 2994
+ 6
- 38 + 4.3878
- 27 -- 3.6899
- 11 + 2.4054
- 6
- 2
- 3
- 1
+ 2
- 5
- 2
- 1
- 2
• * * * * * * * * * e e s = * * * * * -
- - - - - - as * > * * * * * - - - - - -
— 31 + 4.1470
100.00 + 4.0047
100.00 + 25.9757
19.77 –– 3.3333
16. 78 + 3. 6134
11. 49 + 4.9210
15. 62 + 11. 7528
21. 74 + 13. 8887
6. 15 + 8. 2220
9.37 -- 11. 8919
- - - - - - - = * * * * * * * * - - - -
66.67
300. 00
106.66 ‘’’ ‘’
23.3i 5.6176
- - - - - 8. 57 i. ii.26ii
46.67 + 9. 9260
29.27 -- 10.4863
100.00
ii.63 ± ió.2042
10.00 + 12.2997
15. 38 + 18. 5031
• * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- * * * * * * s e = * * * * * * * * - -
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- - - - - as º ºs º º me & as a º º ºs º- - -
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * *e as e a s sº as s as as a m = * *
* - * * * * * s = * * * * * * * * * * *
- ~ * * * * * s sº e s is sº me • * * * * -
23.68 + 10.9132
* The difference between the total numbers reported in Analysis A and Analysis B is due to the fact that some institutions reported data for one analysis but not for the other.
* The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institutions reporting.
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the EIouse of Representatives.
This figure is not based upon actual count, but has been calculated in accordance with the percentage of negroes and other nonwhites found in Analysis B.
É
TABLE 8.—Quota fulfillments by the deaf-Continued.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
United States gº
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910. Per cent, Number Number §: By numbers, By per cent
allotment. expected. found. tion. plus or minus. y p *
ANALYSIS B–Continued. sº
Canada and Newfoundland. . . . . . ----------------------------------- 1,209, 717 1. 315 31 9 0.37 – 22 + 3. 7433 29.03 + 12. 0752
Canada, French------------------------------------------------- 385,083 . 419 10 0 .00 – 10 + 2. 1216 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Canada, other--------------------------------------------------- 819,554 . 891 21 9 . 37 – 12 + 3. 0877 42.86 -- 14. 7033
Newfoundland-------------------------------------------------- 5,080 . 006 0. () .00 --------------------|--------------------
West Indies--------------------------------------------------------- 47,635 . 052 1. () .00 i- 1 --------------------
21108-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15, 133 . 016 0 0 .00 ----------------------------------------
Other West Indies---------------------------------------------- 32, 502 035 1. 0 .00 – 1 --------------------
Mexico-------------------------------------------------------------- 221,915 241 6 0 . 00 — 6 --------------------
Central America.---------------------------------------------------- 1,736 002 0 0 :00 ----------------------------------------
South America------------------------------------------------------ 8,228 009 () 0 .00 ----------------------------------------
All other------------------------------------------------------------ 43,330 047 }. 9 . 37 –– S 900. 00
Africa--------------------------------------------------------------- 3,992 004 0 0 .00 ----------------------------------------
Australia------------------------------------------------------------ 9,035 010 0 () .00 ----------------------------------------
Atlantic Islands----------------------------------------------------- 18,274 020 () 0 .00 ----------------------------------------
Pacific Islands------------------------------------------------------ 2,415 003 0 0 .00 ----------------------------------------
Country not Specified.----------------------- F - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,687 . 003 t 0 9 37 –– 9 --------------------
Born at Sea--------------------------------------------------------- 6,927 . 008 0 0 .00 ! -------------------|--------------------

:
TABLE 9.—Quota fulfillments by the deformed.
Character of institutional population: The deformed.
a. Clinical types: Deformed, crippled, and ruptured.
b. Sex and numbers: Analysis A. Analysis B.
Males.------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * w e s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 373 234
Females----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 303 211
Total *----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 676 445
Source of data: 2
a. Institutions making returns:
1. Number: 3.
2. Where located: Canton, Mass., St. Paul, Minn., Gastonia, N. C.
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922.
b. Number and location of institutions of the same class not making returns: 4; Lincoln, Nebr., West Haverstraw, N. Y., Richmond, Va., Galveston, Tex.
(1) (2) (3) (4) \ (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. Nativity group or country of birth. United States
in 1910. Per cent Number Number | Fºº! By numbers
allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: pius or minus. By per cent.
ANALYSIS A.
[By nativity group.]
! | *śroups:--------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 676 3 676 100.00 -------------------- 100. 00
2 | Native White, both parents native born. ---------------------------- 49,488,575 53. 808 364 241 35.65 — 123 + 8. 7430 66. 21 + 2.4019
3 Native white, one parent native born, one foreign born. . . . . . . . . . . . e. 5,981,526 6. 504 44 64 9. 46 -- 20 + 4, 3244 145.45 + 9. 8282
4 | Native White, both parents foreign born. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,916,311 14. 044 95 346 51. 18 |-|- 251 + 6. 0930 364. 21 + 6.4137
5 || Total native born white (2, 3, and 4)................................ 68,386,412 74. 355 503 651 96.31 + 148 + 7.6579 129. 42 + 1.5224
6 Foreign born White------------------------------------------------- 13,345,545 14. 510 98 12 1.77 – 86 -– 6.1766 12. 24 + 6. 3027
7 || Total foreign White stock (3, 4, and 6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,243,382 35. 058 237 422 62. 22 |-|- 185 + 8. 3678 178.06 -- 3. 5307
§ | Negro (all parentage).----------------------------------------------- 9,827,763 10. 686 72 4 12 1. 77 – 60 + 5. 4177 16.67 + 7.5246
9 || Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parentage) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 412,546 . 449 3 4 I. . 14 ||— 2 + 1. 1725 33.33 + 39.0833
The difference between the total numbers reported in Analysis A and Analysis B is due to the fact that some institutions reported data for one analysis but not for the other.
* The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institutions reporting.
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives.
* Plus 22 of unknown birthplace and parentage. de
* This figure is not based on actual reports (negroes and nonwhites not being specified in Analysis A), but computed proportionately to the findings of Analysis B.


É
TABLE 9.—Quota fulfillments by the deformed—Continued.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. United States
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
- in 1910. |Per cent Number Number Per gent By numbers
allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: plus or minus. By per cent.
ANALYSIS B.
[By nationalities or countries of birth.]
1 | All countries-------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 445 445 100.00 -------------------. 100.00
* | United States------------------------------------------------------- 78,456,380 85. 304 380 429 96.40 + 49 -- 4.6636 112.89 + 1.2273
3 White--------------------------------------------------------------- 68,386,412 74. 355 331 420 94. 38 + 89 + 6. 2143 126.89 -- 1.8774
* | Negro--------------------------------------------------------------- 9,787,424 10. 642 47 8 1.79 – 39 + 4.3884 17.02 + 9.3379
5 All other------------------------------------------------------------ 82, . 307 1. l . 22 + . 7875 100.00 + 78.7500
6 All foreign countries------------------------------------------------- 13,515,886 14.696 65 16 3.59 — 49 -- 5.0386 24.62 + 7.7517
7 | Purope-------------------------------------------------------------- 11,791, 841 12. 821 57 12 2.69 – 45 + 4. 7577 21.05 -- 8.3468
8 | NorthWestern Europe----------------------------------------------- 6, 740,400 7. 329 33 0 ------------ - 33 --------------------
9 Great Britain------------------------------------------------------- 1,221,283 1.328 6 0 ------------ - 6 --------------------
10 England. . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 877,719 . 954 4 0 ------------ - * --------------------
11 Scotland-------------------------------------------------------- 261,076 .284 1. 0 ------------ - 1 --------------------
12 Wales----------------------------------------------------------- 82,488 . 090 0 0 --------------------------------|--------------------
13 Ireland.------------------------------------------------------------- 1,352,251 1. 470 7 0 ------------ - 7 --------------------
14 Germany------------------------------------------------------------ 2,501,333 2. 720 12 0 ------------ - 12 --------------------
15 Scandinavia--------------------------------------------------------- 1,250,733 1. 360 6 0 ------------ - 6 --------------------
16 Norway--------------------------------------------------------- 403,877 .439 2 0 ------------ - * --------------------
17 Sweden.--------------------------------------------------------- 665,207 . 723 3 0 ------------ - 3 --------------------
18 Denmark------------------------------------------------------- 181,649 . 198 I 0 ------------ - 1 --------------------
19 Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, and Luxemburg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 172,534 . 188 1. 0 ------------ - 1 --------------------
20 Netherlands----------------------------------------------------- 120,063 . 131 l 0 i------------ 1 --------------------
21 Belgium -------------------------------------------------------- 49,400 . 054 0 0 ----------------------------------------------------
22 Luxemburg----------------------------------------------------- 3,071 . 003 0 0 ------------|----------------------------------------
23 France-------------------------------------------------------------- 117,418 . 128 1. 0 ------------ - 1 --------------------
24 Switzerland.-------------------------------------------------------- 124,848 136 1 0 ------------ - 1 --------------------
25 | Southern and Eastern Europe--------------------------------------- 5,048, 583 5. 489 24 12 2. 69 12 + 3.2414 50.00 -- 13. 5058
26 | Portugal.------------------------------------------------------------ 59,360 •005 ------------------------|------------|----------------------------------------
27 | Spain--------------------------------------------------------------- 22, 108 .0% ------------|------------------------|--------------------|--------------------
28 Italy---------------------------------------------------------------- 1,343,125 1.460 6 4 . 89 2 + 1. 7072 66.67 + 28.4533
29 Russia and Finland.------------------------------------------------ 1,732,462 1.884 8 4 . 89 |— 4 + 1.9347 50.00 –L 24. 1837
30 Pussia---------------------------------------------------------- 1,602,782 1. 743 8 3 . 67 ||— 5 + 1.8622 37.50 –L 23.2525
31 Finland.-------------------------------------------------------- 129,680 . 141 l 1 .22 + 1689 100.00 – 16. 8900
32 Poland.------------------- --------------------------------------|--------------|------------|------------------------|----------------------------------------------------

ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’
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23
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*
TABLE 10.-Quota fulfillments by the dependent.
Character of institutional population: The dependent.
a. Clinical types: All.
b. Sex and numbers: Analysis A. Analysis B.
Males------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11,777 9,471
Females---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3,034 2,070
Total *--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14,811 11,541
Source of data:2
a. Institutions making returns:
. Number: 52.
2. Where located: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado (2), District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas (2), Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts,
Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York (2), North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio (2), Oklahoma, Pennsylvania (2),
iºnodéisiand (3), South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas (2), Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin (2), Wyoming (2), Federal (6).
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922.
b. Number and location of institutions of the same class not making returns: 32; California, º Idaho, Illinois (2), Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, º
Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Missouri, Nebraska (2), New Jersey (2), North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, Federal (7).
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. United States
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910. Per cent | Number | Number #. By numbers, tºy per cent,
allotment. expected. found. tion. plus or minus. y p º
ANALYSIS A.
[By nativity group.]
! | All groups:--------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 14,811 14,811 100.00 -------------------. 100.00
2 | Native white, both parents native born. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49,488,575 53. 808 7,969 8,295 56.00 |-|- 326 + 40.9246 104.09 + 0.5135
3 | Native white, one parent native born, one foreign born.............. 5,981, 526 6.504 963 980 6.61 |-|- 17 -- 20. 2419 101.77 =E 2. 1020
4 || Native White, both parents foreign born. ------------...-------------- 12,916,311 14. 044 2,080 2,121 14.32 |+ 49 + 28°5204 101.97 -- 1.3712
5 Total native born White (2, 3, and 4). ------------------------------. 68,386,412 74. 355 11,013 11,396 76.94 |-|- 383 + 11.3354 103.48 + ... 1029
6 | Foreign born White------------------------------------------------- 13,345,545 14. 510 2, 149 2,961 19.99 |+ 812 + 28. 9118 137. 78 + 1.3454
7 || Total foreign White stock (3, 4, and 6). ------------------............ 32,243,382 35.058 5, 192 6,062 40.92 |+ 870 + 39. 1680 116.76 + . 7544
8 Negro (all parentage).------------------------------------------------ 9,827,763 10. 686 1, 583 400 2.70 |— 1, 183 + 25.3592 25.27 ± 1.6020
9 || Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parentage). ---------... 412, 546 . 449 66 54 . 36 — 5 + 5.4881 81.82 + 8.3153

$
É
ANALYSIS B. fº
[By nationalities or countries of birth.] A.
1 | All countries-------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 11, 541 11,541 100.00 -------------------- 100.00
* | United States------------------------------------------------------- 78,456,380 85.304 3. y 76.96 – 962 + 25.6556 90. 23 + .2606
3 hite--------------------------------------------------------------- 68,386,412 74. 355 8,581 8,558 74.15 — 23 + 31. 6414 99.73 + .3687
* | Negro--------------------------------------------------------------- 9,787,424 10. 642 1,228 295 2.55 – 933 + 22. 3445 24.02 + 1.8196
5 All other------------------------------------------------------------ > . 307 35 30 . 25 — 5 + 4. 0100 85.71 + 11.4571
6 || All foreign countries------------------------------------------------ 13, 515,886 14.696 1,696 2,658 23.03 |-|- 962 + 25. 6552 156.72 + 1.5127
7 | Europe------------------------------------------------------------- 11, 791, 841 12. 821 1,480 2,320 20. 10 |-|- 840 + 24. 2251 156. 76 + 16. 3683
8 | Northwestern Europe. ---------------------------------------------- 6, 740,400 7. 329 846 1,978 17. 13 |+ 1, 132 + 18.8836 233.81 + 2. 2321
9 Great Britain------------------------------------------------------- 1, 221, 283 1. 328 153 333 2.88 – 180 + 8. 2942 217.65 + 5. 4210
10 Pngland-------------------------------------------------------- 877,719 . 954 110 236 2.04 + 126 + 7.0447 214. 55 + 6. 4043
11 Scotland-------------------------------------------------------- 261,076 . 284 33 86 . 74 + 53 + 3.8551 260. 61 + 11. 6821
12 Wales---------------------------------------------------------- 82,488 . 090 10 1I 09 |+ 1 + 2. 1691 110.00 + 21.6910
* Ireland-------------------------------------------------------------- 1,352,251 1. 470 170 1,077 9. 33 |-|- 907 -- 8. 7213 633. 53 + 5. 1302
14 Germany----------------------------------------------------------- 2,501, 333 2. Tº O 314 377 3. 26 |-|- 63 + 11.7860 120.06 -– 3.7535
15 Scandinavia-------------------------------------------------------- 1,250, 733 1. 350 157 120 1.03 – 37 -- 8.3923 76. 43 + 5. 3454
16 OTWay- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 403, 877 . 439 51 45 38 — 6 + 4. 7911 88. 24 + 9.3943
17 Sweden.--------------------------------------------------------- 665,207 . 723 83 64 55 — 19 + 6. 1400 77. 11 + 7.3976
18 enmark------------------------------------------------------- 181,649 • 198 23 11 09 – 12 -- 3.2170 47. 83 + 13. 9870
19 Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, and Luxemburg. . . . .......... * - - - 172,534 . 188 22 18 15 — 4 + 3. 1354 81.82 + 14. 25.18
20 etherlands----------------------------------------------------- 120,063 . 131 15 14 12 – 1 + 2. 6163 93.33 + 17.4420
21 Belgium-------------------------------------------------------- 49,400 , 054 6 4 03 ||— 2 + 1. 6789 66.67 + 27.9817
22 Luxemburg----------------------------------------------------- 3,071 . 003 0 0 ------------ | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - || - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
* | France-------------------------------------------------------------- 117,418 . 128 15 36 31 + 21 + 2. 5874 240.00 + 17. 2493
24 Switzerland--------------------------------------------------------- 124,848 . 136 16 17 14 + 1 + 2.6678 106.25 + 16. 6737
25 | Southern and Eastern Europe-- - - - - - - - ----------------------------- 5,048, 583 5. 489 633 319 2.76 – 314 + 16. 5042 50.39 + 2. 6073
26 ortugal.------------------------------------------------------------ 59,360 - 065 7 06 |-|- + 1. 8402 114, 29 + 26.2886
27 | Spain--------------------------------------------------------------- 22, 108 . 024 3 ------------ - 3 --------------------
* Italy---------------------------------------------------------------- 1,343,125 1. 460 168 68 58 – 100 + 8.6858 40.48 + 5. 1701
29 Russia and Finland.------------------------------------------------ 1, 732,462 1.884 217 156 1. 35 |— 61 + 9, 8508 71.89 + 4. 5395
30 Russia---------------------------------------------------------- 1,602, 782 1. 743 200 73 63 – 127 -i- 9.4817 36.50 + 4. 7408
31 Finland--------------------------------------------------------- 129,680 . 141 16 20 17 |-|- 4 + 2. 7189 125.00 + 16.9931
32 Poland------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 63 54 --------------------|--------------------
33 Austria-Hungary--------------------------------------------------- 1,670, 582 1. 816 210 53 .45 – 157 -i- 9. 6766 25. 24 + 4, 6079
34 Austria--------------------------------------------------------- 1, 174,973 1. 278 147 53 . 45 — 94 + 8, 1375 36.05 + 5. 5357
35 Uſºgaſy- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 495, 609 - 539 62 0 --------------------------------|--------------------
36 | Balkan Peninsula--------------------------------------------------- 220,946 240 28 34 29 + 6 + 3. 5473 121. 43 + 12.6689
37 Rumania------------------------------------------------------- 65.923 072 S 0 ------------ * * --------------------
38 Pulgaria-------------------------------------------------------- 11,498 013 I 0 ------------ * 1 --------------------
39 Serbia---------------------------------------------------------- 4,639 . 005 0 0 --------------------------------|--------------------
40 Montenegro----------------------------------------------------- 5,374 . 006 0 0 ----------------------------------------------------
41 Greece---------------------------------------------------------- 101,282 . 110 13 19 . 16 -i- 6 + 2.4032 146, 15 + 18.4861
42 Turkey in Europe----------------------------------------------- 32,230 . 035 4 15 . 12 + 11 + 1.3562 375.00 + 33. 9050
43 Europe not Specified------------------------------------------------ 2,858 . 003 0 23 . 19 + 23 --------------------
* | Asia---------------------------------------------------------------- 191,484 . 208 24 17 . 14 |— 7 + 3. 3028 70. 83 + 13. 7617
1 The difference between the total numbers reported in i. A and analysis B is due to the fact that some institutions reported data on one analysis but not on the other.
* The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institutions reporting.
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives.
f
&
TABLE 10.—Quota fulfillments by the dependent—Continued.
(1) 2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
United States
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910 Per cent Number Number | #º By numbers
--> j
allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: plus or minus. By per cent.
ANALYSIS B.—Continued.
Turkey in Asia------------------------------------------------------ 59,729 0.065 7 12 0.10 |+ 5 1. 8460 171. 43 + 26. 3714
hina--------------------------------------------------------------- 56,756 . 062 7 2 .01 ||— 5 1. 7994 28.57 –– 25. 7057
Japan--------------------------------------------------------------- 67,744 . 074 9 0 ------------ -- 9 --------------------
India--------------------------------------------------------------- 4,664 . 005 0 0 ------------|--------------------|--------------------
All other countries-------------------------------------------------- 2,591 . 003 0 3 * . 02 |-|- 3 i--------------------
America.------------------------------------------------------------ 1,489,231 1. 619 187 294 2.54 |-|- 107 -i- 9. 1455 157. 22 + 4. 8906
Canada and Newfoundland- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,209, 717 1. 315 152 284 2.46 |-|- 132 + 8. 2553 186.84 + 5.4311
Canada, French------------------------------------------------- 385,083 . 419 48 90 . 77 |-|- 42 + 4.6788 187.50 –L 9. 7475
Canada, other--------------------------------------------------- 819, 554 . 891 103 194 1. 68 –– 91 + 9.5634 188.35 –– 9. 2849
Newfoundland-------------------------------------------------- 5,080 . 006 0 0 ----------------------------------------------------
West Indies--------------------------------------------------------- 47,635 . 052 (5 8 . 06 -– 2 + i. 6486 || 133.33 + 27.4767
Cuba.------------------------------------------------------------ 15, 133 - 016 2 0 ------------ — 2 | “…•ºx - - - - - - - - - -
Other West Indies---------------------------------------------- 32, 502 . 035 4 8 . 06 |-|- 4 + 1.3619 200.00 + 34.0475
Mexico.-------------------------------------------------------------- 221,915 . 241 28 ! ------------ – 27 + 3, 5550 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Central America.---------------------------------------------------- ,736 . 002 () 0 ----------------------------------------------------
South America------------------------------------------------------ 8,228 . 009 J 1 |----------------------------------------------------
All other------------------------------------------------------------ 43,330 . 047 5 27 . 23 |-|- 22 + 1. 5724 540.00 + 31.4480
Africa--------------------------------------------------------------- 3,992 . 004 () ! ------------ —H ! --------------------
Australia------------------------------------------------------------ 9,035 . 010 1 2 . 01 |-|- 1 | 200.00
Atlantic Islands----------------------------------------------------- 18,274 . 020 2 10 .08 -- 8 5óñóð .
Pacific Islands------------------------------------------------------ 2,415 . ()03 () 0 ----------------------------------------------------
Country not Specified----------------------------------------------- 2,687 - 003 {} 12 ... 10 |-|- 12 • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Born at Sea--------------------------------------------------------- 6,927 . 008 j 2 .01 -H 1. 200.00
£
º
º
i
:
TABLE 10A.—Quota fulfillments by dependent children.
Character of institutional population: The dependent.
a. Special type: Children.
b. Sex and numbers:
Males
Analysis A. Analysis B.
* * * * * * * * * * * as as gº ºn s sº ºn s = a s sº as sº a sº s º is as as sº e s m s tº sº sº as sº sº e s = e º ºs sº as as s = sº e s sº e º as as as ºn sº as s sº ºn s = s. s. s is s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1,497 763
Females-----------------------------------------------------------------~"- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, C01 453
Total *--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2,498 1, 216
Source of data:2
a. Institutions making returns:
1. Number: 15.
2. Where located: Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia, Wisconsin,
Wyoming.
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922.
b. Number and location of institutions of the same class not making returns: 4; Michigan, Montana, Ohio, Texas.
&
(1) (2) (3) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. ºf United States
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910. Per cent Number | Number #. By numbers, By 10cr Gent
allotment. expected. found. tion. plus or minus. y l. tº
ANALYSIS A. &
[By nativity group.]
1 | All groups----------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 100.000 2,498 32,498 100.00 -------------------- 100.00
2 Native White, both parents native born. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49,488, 575 53. 808 1,344 1,841 73. 69 |-|- 497 -- 16.8067 136.98 -- 1. 2505
3 | Native white, one parent native born, one foreign born. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,981, 526 6. 504 162 171 6.84 |-|- 9 + 8.3128 105 56 + 5. 1313
4 Native White, both parents foreign born. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,916,311 14. 044 351 238 9. 52 – 113 -- 11. 7126 67. 81 + 3.3369
5 || Total native born White (2, 3, and 4) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 68,386,412 74. 355 1,857 2,250 90.07 |+ 393 + 14. 7950 121. 16 -- . 7967
6 Foreign born White-------------------------------------------------- 13,345, 545 14. 510 362 10 . 40 ||— 352 + 11. 8734 2. 76 -– 3.2799
7 || Total foreign white stock (3, 4, and 6). ........ tº º 'º º sº º ºs º ºn as ºs º ºs e as we sº s ºr as as " - 32,243,382 35. 058 876 419 16. 77 – 457 -- 16. 0853 47. 83 -- i. 8362
§ | Negro (all parentage).----------------------------------- sº tº gº • * * * * * * * * * 9,827,763 10. 6.86 267 4 188 7. 52 |— 79 + 10.4144 70. 41 3.9005
9 || Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parentage).------------- 12, 546 0.449 11 4 50 2.00 |-|- 39 -- 2. 2538 454. 55 + 20.4891
1 The difference between the total numbers reported in analysis A and analysis B is due to the fact that some institutions reported data for one analysis but not for the other.
* The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institutions reporting.
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives.
3 Plus 370 of unknown birthplace.
* This figure is not based on actual count (negroes and nonwhites not being specified in reports of analysis A), but calculated in proportion to the findings of analysis B.

818
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
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ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
819
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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •-----------------------------------goiroury qanog
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* • • • • • • • ► & • → = sae ºs «» ， «s---------------------------------uoqqo ºggetreo
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± √æ æ æ ， æ æ • • • • • • • • • • • •--------------------------------------------- eutqo
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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •---------------------------------- ooooaeg
«-» ， «… • • • • • • • • • • • • • • æ-----------------------------------oitºottoſtrofit
• • • • • • •---------------------------------------------------- ețquos
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• • • ± • • • • • • • • • • • • • •---------------------------------- Kreștințț-epiņsny
33555—23—SER 7–C—7
820
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
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§
ANALYSIS B.
[By nationalities or countries of birth.]
All countries--------------------------------------------------------
United States-------------------------------------------------------
White
* - - - * * * * * * - - - - - * * * * * * - - - - * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sº s = - - - - - - - - m sº * *
All foreign countries-----------------------------------------------.
*urope-------------------------------------------------------------
Northwestern Europe-----------------------------------------------
Great Britain-------------------------------------------------------
England--------------------------------------------------------
9emºny-----------------------------------------------------------
Scandinavia--------------------------------------------------------
Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, and Luxemburg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Netherlands----------------------------------------------------
Belgium --------------------------------------------------------
Luxemburg-----------------------------------------------------
France--------------------------------------------------------------
Southern and eastern Europe- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Portugal
- * * * * * * * - - - - - - * * * * - - - - - - * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * - - - - - - sm as m = -
Austria-Hungary---------------------------------------------------
Austria---------------------------------------------------------
* - * - - - - - * * * * * * * - - - * * * * * * - - - - - - - as sº º sº º - - - - sº as sº as - ºr - - - * * * * * * *
Rumania-------------------------------------------------------
|Bulgaria--------------------------------------------------------
Serbia----------------------------------------------------------
Montenegro-----------------------------------------------------
Greece----------------------------------------------------------
3 Plus 542 of unknown birthplace and parentage.
91,972,266
78,456,380
68,386,412
9,787,424
282, 544
13, 515,886
1, 732,462
1,002, 782
129,680
1,670, 582
1, 174,973
495,609
100.
85.
74.
10.
14.
12.
7.
1
000
304
355
642
307
696
821
329
. 328
. 954
. 284
. 090
;
. 470
. 720
. 360
. 439
. 723
. 198
. 188
. 131
.054
. 003
. 128
-5.
. 489
. 035
* The diſference between the total numbers reported in Analysis A and Analysis B is due to the fact that some institutions reported data on one analysis but not on the other.
* The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institutions reportinig.
These returns were made directly to the expert eugenics agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives.
19
15
- - * * * * - - - - - -
- * * * * * - - - - - -
— 1, 139 + 24.2366
— 216 -- 29.9283
— 896 -– 21. 1346
— 27 -- 3.7929
+ 1, 139 + 24.2661
+ 991 + 22. 9135
+ 1, 221 + 17.8612
+ 196 + 7.8451
+ 138 + 6. 6633
+ 57 -- 3. 6463
+ 2 + 2.0516
+ 925 + 8. 2491
+ 96 + 11. 1479
— 20 + 7.9379
— 11 + 5. 8076
— 9 + 3.0429
— 1 + 2. 9657
2 + 1. 5880
+ 23 + 2.4473
+ 3 + 2. 5234
— 250 + 15. 6106
+ 1 + 1.7%
— 85 + 8, 2216
— 39 E 9.3174
— 107 -- 8.9684
+ 5 + 2. 5717
— 134 + 9. 1527
— 79 + 7. 6969
— 56
+ 9 =E 3. 3552
— 7
— 1
+ 8 + 2. 2731
+ 11
100.00
87. 07 -- 0.2755
97. 19 + .3898
18.47 -- 1.9231
15. 62 + 11.8528
175.03 + 1. 5996
175. 08 -- 1.7306
261. 29 + 2.3595
243.07 -- 5. 7253
240. 82 + 6. 7993
296. 55 + 12.5734
122.22 + 22.7956
70S. 55 + 5. 4270
134. 16 + 3. 9672
85.71 + 5. 6699
100, 00
85.33 + 7.7435
55.00 + 15. 2145
94.74 + 15. 6089
100.00
66.67 + 26.4667
276.92 + 18.82 Ł
121.43 + 18.02 #3
55.91 + 2. 7532
114.29 + 24.8657
43. 71 + 5. 4448
S0.00 + 4. 7782
40. 56 + 4.9824
133.33 + 17. 1447
28.34 + 4.8945
40. 15 + 5. 8310
136.00 + 13. 4208
... ... = • - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* = a - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * *
* = = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
172.73 + 20.6645
375. 00
§
TABLE 10B.—Quota fulfillments by the dependent adults—Continued.
(5)
(1) * (2) (3) -
Institutional quotas. | Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
United States
No. Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910. Per cent -
Per cent Number Number distribu- IBy numbers,
allotment. expected. found. tion plus or minus. By per cent.
ANALYSIS B–Continued.
43 | Europe not Specified------------------------------------------------ 2,858 0.003 0 23 0.22 | + 23 ||--------------------
44 Asia---------------------------------------------------------------- 191,484 . 208 21 17 . 16 || – 4 3. 1240 80. 95 -- 14.8762
45 Turkey in Asia----------------------------------------------------- 59,72 . 065 7 12 . 11 || -- 5 1. 7329 171. 43 + 24.7557
46 China--------------------------------------------------------------- 56,756 . 062 “A 6 2 . 01 | — 4 + 1. 7020 33.33 + 28.3665
47 Japan--------------------------------------------------------------- 67,744 . 074 8 0 ------------ -- 8 --------------------
48 India - - - - - - - - - ------------------------------------------------------ 4,664 . 005 0 0 ------------|--------------------|--------------------
49 All other countries-------------------------------------------------- 2,591 . 003 0 3 . 02 | + 3 --------------------
50 America.------------------------------------------------------------ 1,489,231 1. 619 167 294 2.84 || + 127 -- 8. 6503 176. 05 -- 5. 1798
51 | Canada and Newfoundland. ---------------------------------------- 1,209, 717 1. 315 136 284 2. 75 + 148 + 7.8084 208.82 + 5. 74.15
52 Canada, French------------------------------------------------- 385,083 . 419 43 90 . 87 | + 47 -- 4.4255 209. 30 + 10. 2919
53 Canada, other--------------------------------------------------- 819,554 . 891 92 194 1. 87 | + 102 + 6. 4408 210.87 -- 7.0009
54 Newfoundland-------------------------------------------------- 5,080 . 006 () 0 ------------|----------------------------------------
55 | West Indies--------------------------------------------------------- 47,635 . 05 5 8 .07 || -- 3 + 1.5594 160.00 + 31. 1880
56 U108-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15, 133 . 016 2 0 |------------ - 2 --------------------
57 Other West Indies---------------------------------------------- 32, 502 . 035 4 8 . 07 || -- 4 200. 00
58 Mexico.------------------------------------------------------------- 221,915 . 241 25 1. . 01 || – 24 + 3. 3627 4.00 + 13. 4508
59 Central America.--------------------------------------------------- T- 1,736 . 002 0 0 --------------------------------|--------------------
60 | South America------------------------------------------------------ 8,228 . 009 1. 1 .01 -------------------- 100. 00
61 | All other------------------------------------------------------------ 43,330 . 047 5 27 . 26 + 22 + 1. 4873 540.00 + 29, 9460
62 Africa.-------------* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3,992 . 004 O J. . 01 || -- ! --------------------
63 Australia----------------------------------------------------------- 9,035 . 010 () 2 -01 || -- 2 --------------------
64 || Atlantic Islands.------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18, 274 . 020 l 10 . 09 || -- 9 1,000, 00
65 Pacific islands------------------------------------------------------ 2,415 . 003 0 0 ------------|----------------------------------------
66 | Country not specified - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2,687 . 003 O 4 12 • 11 | + 12 ||--------------------
67 | Born at Sea--------------------------------------------------------- 6,927 . 008 1 2 .01 | + 1. 200. 00

* This figure includes 1 negro, 2 Americans, and 4 of mixed American parentage, all foreign born, and 5 of unknown parentage.

§
TABLE 11.—Quota fulfillments by all classes of the socially inadequate as a wnit.
Character of institutional population: Summary—All classes of the socially inadequate as a unit.
a. Sex and numbers:
Analysis A. Analysis B.
*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 140,053 113,418
*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69,145 57,067
Toº--------------------------------------------------------------------------> Tº - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2210,835 2 172,607
Source of data: * Total of 657 institutions in the continental United States (2 institutions for leprous and 2 for venereal disease not included):
a. Institutions making returns: t
1. Number: 445(405 State institutions).
2. Where located: Entire continental United States.
3. Tate of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922.
b. Number and location of institutions of the same class not making returns: 212 entire country.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
NO. United States -
Nativity group or country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
in 1910. Per cent Number Number | #9. Sºº By numbers
allotment. expected. ſound. diſſºu: piùs or minus. By per cent.
ANALYSIS A.
[By nativity group.]
1 | All groups:--------------------------------------------------------- 91,972,266 I00.000 210,835 210,835 100. 00 0 100.00
2 | Native white, both parents native born. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49,488, 575° 53. 808 113,446 - 95,666 45.37 –17, 780 + 154.4049 84.33 + 1.3610 ,
3 || Native white, one parent native born, one foreign born. - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,981, 526 6. 504 13, 713 15,996 7. 58 |+ 2,283 + 76.3709 116. 65 + .. 5569
4 Native White, both parents foreign born. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12,916,311 14. 044 29, 610 32,392 15.36 |+ 2,782 + 107. 6050 109.40 + .3634
5 || Total native-born White (2, 3, and 4) . . . . . . . ------------------ - - - - - - - 68,386,412 74. 355 156,766 144,054 68.32 –12, 712 + 135. 2420 91.89 + . 0863
6 Foreign-born White------------------------------------------------- 13,345, 545 14. 510 30, 592 44, 587 21. 14 |+13,995 +115.2849 || 145.75 + . 3768
7 || Total foreign White stock (3, 4, and 6). ------------------------------ 32,243,382 35.058 73,915 92,975 44.09 |+19,060 +146. 2301 125. 79 -- . 1978
8 | Negro (all parentage)------------------------------------------------ 9,827,763 I0. 686 22,530 421,021 9.97 – 1,509 + 95.6781 93.30 + . 4247
9 || Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parentage). - - - - - - - - - - - - 412, 546 . 449 947 4 1,173 . 55 |-|- 226 + 20.6959 123. 86 + 2.4854
1 The difference between the total numbers reported in analysis A and analysis B is due to the fact that some institutions reported data on one analysis but not on the other.
2 Plus 15,806 of unknown nativity. - --
* The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institutions reporting.
These returns were made directly to the Expert, Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalizātiqn of the House of Representatives. g
4 This figure is not based on actual reports (negroes and other nonwhites not being specified in analysis A), but has been based on the percentage of negroes and nonwhites

found in analysis B.
824
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
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ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
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TABLE 12.—Quota fulfillments by the feeble-minded, 1920 basis.
- [Census of 1920; survey of 1921.]
Character of institutional population: The feeble-minded.
a. Clinical types: All. - -
b. Sex and numbers: Analysis A. Analysis B
Males------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ '• * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * *- 6,734 7,802
Females----------------------* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 7,285 6,994
Total *------------- ------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 15,656 8 16,918
Source of data: 4
a. Institution making returns:
1. Number: 32. -
2. Where located: California (2), Colorado (2), Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana (2), Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, New York (2), North Carolina, North ‘Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania (2), Rhode Island, Washington, Wisconsin (2), Wyoming.
3. Date of returns: Jan. 1, 1921–Mar. 31, 1922.
b. Number and location of institutions of the same class not making returns: 17: Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey (2), New York
(2), Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, Virginia.
(1) - (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
No. CJnited States - - t
Nativity group or Country of birth. population (A) (B) (A) - (B) (A) (B)
in 1920. Per cent Number Number | ##" | By numbers, plus
allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: Or minuls. By per cent.
ANALYSIS A.
| Hºy nativity group.
| | All groups---------------------------------------------------------- 105,710,620 100.000 15,656 * 15,656 100.00 -------------------- T00. ()0
2 | Native white, both parents native born . . . . . . . . . . . . -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 58,421,957 55.266 8,652 9,073 57.95 |+ 421 + 41.9630 104.87 -- 0.4850
3 | Native White, one parent native born, one foreign born. - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6,991,665 6. 614 1,035 1,93 12.38 –– 902 -- 20. 9745 187. 15 + 2.0265
4 | Native White, both parents foreign born. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15,694, 539 14. 847 2, 324 3,637 23.23 |-|- 1,313 + 30,0078 156. 50 + 1. 2912
5 || Total native-born White (2, 3, and 4) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 81, 108, 161 76 727 12,012 14,647 93. 55 |+ 2,635 + 35. 6630 121.94 + 2969
6. | Foreign-born White------------------------------------------------. 13, 712,754 12, 972 2,031 725 4, 63 – 1,306 + 28.3564 35. 70 + 1. 3962
7 || Total foreign White Stock (3, 4, and 6) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36,398,958 34.433 5,391 6,299 40. 23 |+ 908 -- 40. 0991 116.84 + . 7438
8 . Negro (all parentage).----------------------------------------------. 10,463, 131 9. 898 1, 550 273 1.74 – 1,277 + 25. 2033 17. 61 + 1. 6260
9 426,574 .404 63 11 . 07 ||— 52 + 5. 3503 17.46 + 8.4925


Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other (all parentage) - - - - - - - - - - - - -
§
ANALYSIs B.
[By nationalities or countries of birth.]
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *s ºr as a s is se s = a s is an as * * * * * * * * * * * * * =
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = a - e = * ~ * = = = r = * * =
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = = <e
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *s a s as ºs • * * * * * * *
Northwestern Europe
*gland-----------------------------------------------------------.
Scotland
*** * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * * * ~ * * * * = * ~ * ~ * * * * * * * * * = a- - - - - - - - -
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = =
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * =
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - s = < * >
*** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = < * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Pelgium----------------------------------------------..............
Luxemburg
Switzerland
IFrance
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = a, as as a = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * -
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * as a m = - e = * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Central Europe------------------------------------------------------
Germany------------------------------------------------------------
Poland
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *s as
Hungary------------------------------------------------------------
Yugoslavia----------------------------------------------------------
Pastern Europe-----------------------------------------------------
Russia----------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
105,710,620
91,789,928
81,108, 161
10,463, 131
218,636
13,920,692
11,882,053
3,830,094
813,853
254,570
67,066
1,037,234
1,686, 108
1,139,979
362,438
575,627
100.000
86. 831
76, 727
9, 898
. 207
13. 169
11. 240
3. 623
. 770
;
5
9
5
7
0
7
1.
8
0
8
1.
5
2
3
.066
8 16,918
14,690
12,981
1,675
35
2,228
1,902
11
8 16,918
16, 133
15,849
273
11
785
585
146
49
9
4
20
21
19
i
74
3
0
64
2
5
* * * * * * * * * * * *
* - sº - ºr º gº º 'º - º gº
1 The difference between the total numbers reported in analysis A and analysis B is due to the fact that some institutions reported data
2 This total includes 2,826 inmates whose parentage or nativity is unkn
OWII.
3 This total includes 2,122 inmates of one institution, not separating the figures for each sex.
4 The data analyzed in this table were secured from first-hand returns supplied for this particular investigation by the authorities in charge of the several institutions reporting.
These returns were made directly to the Expert Eugenics Agent of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives.
1,443 + 29. 6667
2,868 + 37.0727
1,402 + 26, 1996
24 + 3.9858
1,443 + 29. 6663
1,317 4- 27.7109
467 + 16. 3941
81 + 7. 6681
32 + 4. 3001
7 -E 2, 2091
146 -- 8.6475
37 -i- 5. 1383
81 + 6. 7290
23 + 3, 7078
13 + 3. 0955
7 -i- 2. 1358
2
17 -- 2.9376
21 + 3. 3360
5 + 1. 5806
495 + 17.3900
180 + 10. 9912
142 + 9.0613
49 + 5. 1282
65 -- 6. 4562
35 + 5. 3682
24 + 3. 5094
164 + 11. 3625
109 + 10. 0309
21 + 3. 1340
19 -- 3, 3005
13 + 2. 7348
1
I
232 + 11.6893
* 3. 5765
194 + 10. 7446
6 + 1. 8986
6 + 2. 2565
100. 00
109.82 + . 2019
122.09 + . . 2856
16. 30 + 1.5642
31. 43 + 11. 3880
35.23 + 1.3315
30. 76 + 1. 4569
23.88 + 2.6744
37. 69 + 5. 8985
21.95 + 10. 4880
36. 36 + 20.0827
12.05 + 5. 2093
36.21 + 8.8591
19.00 =E 6.7290
23. 33 + 12. 3593
38.09 + 14. 7405
30, 00 = 21.3580
10. 53 + 15. 4610
16, 00 + 13.3440
28. 57 -- 2.5094
33.33 + 4.0708
21.98 -- 4. 9787
15. 52 + 8.8417
29.35 + 7.0176
45.31 + 8.3878
11.11 + 12.9978
43.25 + 3.9316
51.34 + 4.4781
4. 55 + 14. 2455
20.83 + 13. 7521
18. 75 -- 17. 0925
24. 18 + 3.8200
10. 71 + 12. 7732
24.81 + 4. 1646
25.00 + 23. 7325
45.45 + 20. 5136
on one analysis but not on the other.
828
ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’
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MELTING POT.
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ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s MODERN MELTING POT.
829
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TABLE 13—Quota fulfillment by the insane, 1920 basis—Continued.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Institutional quotas. Institutional findings. Quota fulfillments.
United States º
Nativity group or country of birth. Pºn (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)
IIl iº92U.
Per Cent, -
Per cent, Numbor Number : ~4. --> By numbers,
º allotment. expected. found. diſſºu: plus or minus. By per cent.
-º-, º
ANALYSIS B.
[By nationalities or countries of birth.] w
All countries-------------------------------------------------------- 105,710,620 100.000 84, 106 84, 106 100.00 -------------------- 100.00
United States------------------------------------------------------- 91,789,928 86. 831 73,030 60,257 71.64 |–12,773 + 66. 1468 82. 51 + 0.0906
White--------------------------------------------------------------- 81,108, 161 76. 727 64, 533 54,936 65.31 – 9, 597 -- 62. 1790 85. 13 + .0964
Yegro--------------------------------------------------------------- 10,463, 131 9. 898 8, 325 5, 124 6.09 – 3, 201 + 58.4.162 61.55 + . 7017
All other------------------------------------------------------------ 218,636 . 207 174 197 . 23 23 + 8. 8868 113. 22 + 5. 1074
All foreign countries------------------------------------------------- 13,920, 692 13. 169 11,076 23, 849 28.35 |+12,773 + 66. 1459 215. 32 + . 5972
*urope------------------------------------------------------------- 11,882,053 11. 240 9,454 21,404 25. 44 |-|-11,950 + 61.7859 226.40 -- . 6535
NorthWestern Europe... . . . . . . . . . . . . * * - - sº s = - - - - a - - - as a sº - - s sº - - - sº sº tº - - * * 3,830,094 3. 623 3,047 8, 201 9.75 |+ 5, 154 + 11. 5605 269. 15 + . 3794
*ngland------------------------------------------------------------ 813,853 . 770 647 1,337 1.58 |+ - 690 -- 17. 0974 206.65 + 2.6426
Scotland------------------------------------------------------------ 254, 570 . 241 203 345 . 41 |-|- 142 + 9. 5877 169.95. -- 4. 7230
Wales--------------------------------------------------------------- 67,066 . 063 53 62 .07 |-|- 9 -i- 4.9255 116.98 + 9. 2934
Ireland-------------------------------------------------------------- 1,037,234 .981 825 3,782 4.49 |-|- 2,957 -- . 19. 2811 458. 42 + 2. 3371
WorWay------------------------------------------------------------- 363,863 . 344 289 658 . 78 |-|- 369 + 11.4566 227. 68 + 3.9642
SWeden.------------------------------------------------------------- 625, 585 . 592 498 1, 288 1. 53 |-|- 790 + 15.0034 258.63 + 3. 0127
Penmark----------------------------------------------------------- 189, 154 . 179 151 221 . 26 |-|- 70 -- 8. 2671 146.36 + 5. 4749
Wetherlands----------------------------------------------- - - - - * - - - - * 131,766 . 125 105 183 . 21 |+ 78 + 6. 9018 174. 29 + 6. 5731
Pelgium------------------------------------------------------------ 62,687 . 059 50 77 . 09 |-|- 27 -- 4.7620 154.00 + 9.5240
Puxemburg--------------------------------------------------------- 12, 585 . 012 10 0 ------------ - 10 --------------------
Switzerland--------------------------------------------------------. 118,659 . 112 94 81 . 09 ||— 13 + 6. 5500 86. 17 -- 0.9681
France-------------------------------------------------- * - - - - - - - - - - - 153,072 . 145 122 167 . 19 |+ 45 -i- 7.4.382 136.89 + 6.0969
Alsace-Lorraine------------------------------------------------. 34, 321 . 032 27 | 0 ||------------ - 27 --------------------
Central Purope----------------------------------------------------- 4, 330,874 4. 097 3,446 7,499 8.91 |+ 4,053 + 38.7738 217.61 + 1. 1252
Germany----------------------------------------------------------- 1,686, 108 1. 595 1, 341 3,979 4.73 |+ 2,638 + 24. 5067 296.72 + 1. S275
Poland-------------------------------------------------------------- 1, 139,979 1.078 907 1,453 1. 72 |-|- 546 + 20. 2036 160. 20 + 2. 2275
Czechoslovakia------------------------------------------------------ 362,438 . 343 288 597 . 71 |-|- 309 + 11. 4342 207. 29 + 3.9702
Austria------------------------------------------------------------- 575,627 . 545 458 324 . 38 – 134 –– 14. 3952 70. 74 + 3. 1431
Hungary------------------------------------------------------------ 397,283 . 376 316 557 . 66 |+ 241 + 11.9693 176. 27 -- 3. 7878
Jugo-Slavia--------------------------------------------------------. 169,439 . 160 135 589 . 70 |-|- 454 + 7. 8251 436. 30 + 5. 7964
Pastern Europe----------------------------------------------------- 1,803,971 1. 707 1,436 2,891 3. 43 + 1,455 + 25.3344 201. 32 + 1. 7642
Russia-------------------------------------------------------------- 1,400,495 1. 325 1, 114 2,249 2.67 + 1, 135 + 22.3655 201.88 + 2. 0077
Pithuania----------------------------------------------------------- 135,068 . 128 108 135 . 16 |-|- 27 –L 6.9877 125.00 + 6. 4701

ANALYSIS OF AMERICA’s 2
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• • • • • • • • • • • • &+ & * * * * * * * * *---------------------------------------- goſtotury
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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •-----------------------------------øđoingſ tip Kox{InJ,
→ → → → → → → → → • • • • • • • • • • • • • •------------------------------------- gțigățng
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• • • • • • • • • • •* •------------------------------------------------- pugțuțit

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