Museums
391
.N5
M78
Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
AT HARVARD COLLEGE.
VOL. XXXII. No. 3.
THE GORDIACEA OF CERTAIN AMERICAN
COLLECTIONS.
WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
BY THOMAS H. MONTGOMERY, JR.
WITH FIFTEEN PLATES.
CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. S. A.:
PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM.
APRIL, 1898.
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No. 3. — The Gordiacea of certain American Collections with par-
ticular Reference to the North American Fauna. By THOMAS
H. MONTGOMERY, JR.
It has been the intention of the author to pursue certain anatomical
studies on Gordius and its allies, but this object could not be immedi-
ately carried out owing to lack of material, and also to the difficulty
encountered in determining the American species. Accordingly it seemed
advisable to describe the American species systematically before entering
upon an anatomical study of them. It is very apparent that the North
American Fauna is very rich in species of Gordiacea, and yet the inves-
tigation of these interesting forms has been almost wholly neglected
by American zoologists, Joseph Leidy being thus far almost our only
writer upon them; and more species are known from South than from
North America.
The material for this study was mainly derived from three collections.
The Leidy collection, which is the property of the University of Pennsyl-
vania, is the richest of these, and contains some of Leidy's types; my
thanks are due to Dr. Charles W. Stiles of the Smithsonian Institution
for having kindly forwarded this collection. I would express my obliga-
tions to Dr. Alexander Agassiz for permission to examine the excellent
collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard ; and to
Dr. W. M. Woodworth for his trouble in sending me this collection. My
thanks are further due to Dr. Stiles for specimens from his own and
from the Smithsonian collection; and for other specimens to the following
gentlemen : Prof. E. G. Conklin, University of Pennsylvania ; Prof. Thos.
H. Morgan, Bryn Mawr College ; Mr. E. G. Vanatta, Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia ; and to Mr. Satterthwaite of Westtown, Pa.
Further, I would express my thanks to the curators of the Academy
of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, for the opportunity to examine the
specimens in this collection. In a previous paper, to appear in April,
1898, in Spengel's “ Zool. Jahrbücher," I described two new exotic spe-
cies from American collections.
VOL. XXXII. - NO. 3.
24
BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
Certain of the new species here described were based upon the exam-
ination of a single specimen, but of most of them several individuals
were studied. It is, in my opinion, less adducive to confusion of nomen-
clature to preliminarily separate aberrant forms, even though only single
specimens are known, than to class them all under one name. This
group of worms is difficult of study, the external specific characters are
few, and it appears that it is a group in which many of the species are
in process of transformation, judging from their amount of variability.
Then there are sometimes sexual differences, as well as differences at
various times of life. Bearing these points in view, I have laid par-
ticular stress upon the following systematic characters : the superficial
markings of the cuticle, which have been shown by Villot to present
exceedingly valuable and reliable characters, though even the surface of
the cuticle is in many forms subject to individual variation; the form of
the posterior end in both sexes; and, though this is not as reliable as
the preceding character, the form of the anterior end. The presence of
median dorsal or ventral grooves along the surface of the body is a less
reliable character, and still less so is the coloration. The males are
more easily determined than the females; the form of the tail lobes in
Gordius and the presence or absence of hairs or spines in their neighbor-
hood are of much importance; but in the genius Chordodes the form of
the posterior end of the male is much more uniform than in the males of
the former genus.
A historical review of the previous researches upon the American
species will be followed by the descriptions of the species examined.
A. HISTORICAL REVIEW.
1847. Creplin described Chordodes parasitus, n. sp., from a Brazilian
Acanthoditis, but his brief description is altogether insufficient for pur-
poses of identification.
1849. Gay described from Valparaiso, Chile, a Gordius (G. chilensis)
as follows: “Gordius gracilis, cinereo-fuscus, obscurus; capite nigro ...
es de color pardo morenusco oscuro, con la estremidad anterior del cuerpo
ó la region cefálica negra; en los manchos la porcion posterior se bifurca
mucho." I agree with Camerano ('90) that this diagnosis is wholly
insufficient.
1850. Leidy briefly refers a Gordius seen by him to the European
G. aquaticus.
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
25
1851. Leidy describes G. varius, n. sp., which is distinguished from
G. aquaticus in that “the caudal extremity of the female is trifurcated,
while that of the European species is blunt. The length is from 4 to
12 inches. Of this species there are several varieties from different
localities, which may upon further examination prove to be distinct spe-
cies. . . . A second species of Gordius was obtained by Professor Baird
from a spring in Essex County, New York. It is much more deli-
cate than the former, and from 5 to 7 inches long. The female caudal
extremity is blunt. The male caudal extremity is bifurcate and fringed
with peculiar epidermoid appendages. For this second species the name
Gordius lineatus was proposed.” In the same year Diesing writes of
G. chordodes, n. sp. : "Corpus longissimum teretiusculum crassum rigi-
dum, fusco-brunneum. Caput apice rotundatum. . . . Habitaculum.
Acanthodis glabrata : in cavo abdominis, in Brasilia (Beschke). Spe-
cimen identicum femineum ex aqua in Brasilia hausit (Natterer)."
Diesing's spécies is not sufficiently characterized.
1853. Baird mentions two new species from North America, of which
the first is a good species : G. platyura, n. sp.: "Body of a uniform dull
white color, quite smooth, with a depressed line on one side throughout
its whole length, obscurely ringed at unequal distances, narrower at the
anterior extremity and terminating in a broad, Aattish tail, which is
slightly bifid. Length of animal 32 inches, breadth of middle of body
about } a line; tail 1 line broad. Jamaica ?” G. fasciatus, n. sp. :
“ Epidermis granulated. . . . Body smooth, skin prettily shagreened
with very fine lines crossing each other in opposite directions, of a light
color banded with broad patches of dark brown. Anterior extremity
smaller than posterior, and roughened with raised circular ridges, which
extend for about three lines, and as well as posterior extremity of a very
dark color, almost black. Length 114 inches, breadth about 1 milli-
meter.” This was a female from North America. I regard this descrip-
tion of G. fasciatus as wholly inadequate for purposes of identification,
and on this account judge that Römer ('96) is in error in placing it
as a synonyme of G. aquaticus Linn. Leidy ('53) mentions Gordië of
a milk-white color as very common in grasshoppers in the vicinity of
Philadelphia.
· 1855. Möbius gives a good description of Chordodes pilosus, n. sp.
from Venezuela ; though he confused the head end with the posterior
extremity : length 212 mm., "er ... nahm aber während neun Tagen,
die er noch im Wasser, sich träge bewegend, lebte, um 259 mm. zu, so
dass seine Länge, als er todt war, 471 mm. betrug”; tail end swollen,
26
BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
1
cloacal opening large, circular. Head laterally compressed, somewhat
pointed ; cuticle with irregular prominences, which are figured. Or, in
the words of his own diagnosis : “Corpus nigrum verrucosum, medio
cylindricum, utrinque attenuatum depressumque, linea ventrali et dorsali,
quarum parti caudali fasciculi pilorum insiti. Caput ellipsoideum, con-
cavitate frontali. Extremitas caudalis trigona, apice rotundata.” This
is a good species.
1856. Leidy gives a much fuller description of his G. varius. He
also describes G. robustus, n. sp., and places synonymous with it G. seta
Müll., and G. lineatus Leidy.
1857. The same author mentions a collection of 48 Gordii, 525 miles
west of Fort Riley, Kansas.
1858. Leidy notes the occurrence of an embryo of G. varius in Lum-
briculus limosus.
1861. Diesing regards G. platyurus and fasciatus Baird as good
species ; as also G. varius Leidy, with which he considers synonymous
the “ G. aquaticus” of Leidy, '51. He considers Leidy's lineatus and
robustus as doubtful synonymes of G. seta Müll. (aquaticus Linn.). Die-
sing also describes G. subspiralis, n. sp. : “Corpus maris brunneum,
feminæ antrorsum attenuatum, læte brunneum, nitidum, iridescens.
Caput annulo obscure brunneo cinctum. Extremitas caudalis maris
subspiralis crucibus furcæ terminalis divergentibus, incurvatis, lævibus,
plica membranacea semilunari ad basin junctis, feminæ obtusa, subcom-
pressa. . . . In palude cum Siredonibus, copiose, in territorio Kansas
(Hammond).”
1866. Schneider regards G. varius Leidy as a possible synonyme of
G. gratianopolensis Charvet (G. tricuspidatus Meissn.).
1874. Villot regards the following as good species: G. lineatus,
robustus, and varius of Leidy; G. subspiralis and G.chordodes of Diesing;
and G. chilensis Blanchard. He describes the following new species from
America : — G. aneus, n. sp.: “Extrémité antérieure tronquée, légère-
ment renflée. Ouverture ano-génitale du mâle entourée d'un anneau
brun. Lobes bien développés, séparés par un assez large intervalle.
Brun bronzé. (Les jeunes individus sont d'un blanc jaunâtre uniforme.)
Epiderme divisé en losanges par un réseau de lignes saillantes oblique-
iment croisées"; from Cumana, Venezuela. G. reticulatus, n. sp.: “Ex-
trémité antérieure terminée en pointe aiguë. Diamêtre du corps allant
en grossissant de l'extrémité antérieure à l'extrémité postérieure, qui
se termine en point tronqúee. Ouverture ano-génitale large. Brun
marron. Une bande dorsale et une bande ventrale d'un brun plus
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
27
.
foncé. Epiderme aréolé. Aréoles formant un réseau à mailles irré-
gulières et inégales, ayant en moyenne 10 millièmes de millimètre.
Une bordure simple de petites papilles autour des aréoles. . . . Cali-
fornie.” G. prismaticus, n. sp.: “Grêle et aplati. Extrémité posté-
rieure bilobée. Brun pâle. Epiderme aréolé. Aréoles prismatiques et
hexagonales, ayant environ 10 millièmes de millimètre de haut sur 6
millièmes de millimètre de large. Quelques papilles très-petites et très-
espacées. . . . Nouvelle-Grenade. Prairie du plateau de Bogota, par
2,600 mètres d'altitude.”. He also describes G. deshayesi, n. sp. from
Venezuela.
1879. Weyenbergh gives inadequate descriptions of the following new
species from South America : G. tenuis, dubius, and acridiorum. In the
same year Leidy gives a good description of his G. robustus, based on
specimens from Maryland.
1881. Oerley regards the following American forms as good species :
G. fasciatus and platyurus Baird, G. æneus and trilobus of Villot.
1885. Jeffrey-Bell mentions G. verrucosus Baird, from Vera Paz, Gua-
temala, and from Costa Rica.
1887. Villot considers G. subspiralis Dies. as a synonyme of G. aqua-
ticus Duj. ; and adds: “Il se peut aussi que le Gordius robustus de
Leidy et mon Gordius reticulatus, établis sur des échantillons recueillis
en Amérique, ne soient que des synonymes du Gordius violaceus de
Baird.
1890. Camerano considers as doubtful species G. chilensis Gay, tenuis
and dubius Weyenbergh, and parasitus (Creplin), and considers that
G. acridiorum Weyenbergh is either a Mermis or Filaria. According to
him Villot's three species, G. æneus, deshayesi, and prismaticus, are ten-
able, and he gives a description of a female specimen of G. æneus.
1892. Camerano describes a male of G. paranensis, n. sp. from Pal-
meira (Parana).
Tl,
in North America, as reported by Jeffrey-Bell, “Je crois qu'il serait
nécessaire de faire une révision des spécimens américains rapportées a
cette espèce.” He also mentions a specimen of G. varius Leidy, from
Monterey, Mexico, and states “mais on peut douter ... que ces
caractères soient suffisants pour distinguer le G. varius du G. tricusp:-
datus L. Dufour (G. gratianopolensis Diesing, Villot).” Janda describes
a male of Chordodes brasiliensis, n. sp. from Brazil.
1894. Goeldi mentions the occurrence of the preceding species in
Brazil. Camerano describes the following new species from Paraguay
28
BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOÖLOGY.
and the Argentine Republic: G. alfredi, danielis, and peracce; and also
describes female specimens of prismaticus Villot and paranensis Camer.
1895. Camerano describes males of G. latastei, n. sp. from Santiago,
Chile. Römer describes Chordodes variopapillatus, n. sp. from Brazil ; a
female of G. violaceus Baird from Arizona, a male of G. aquaticus Linn.
from Brazil, and a female of the same species from Chili.
1896. Römer, in his excellent revision of the Gordiacea, regards the
following American species as tenable: G. platyurus Baird, æneus Villot,
paranensis Camer., Chordodes brasiliensis Janda, Chordodes pilosus
Möbius, and C. variopapillatus Römer; the following as synonymes
of G. aquaticus Linn. : robustus and lineatus Leidy, fasciatus Baird, sub-
spiralis Diesing; G. reticulatus Villot as a synonyme of G. violaceus
Baird ; and the following species as untenable : G. chilensis Blanchard,
prismaticus Villot, Chordodes parasitus Creplin, G. parasitus Diesing,
G. deshayesi Villot, and G. verrucosus Baird. According to Römer,
Gordius varius Leidy becomes Chordodes varius Leidy. In this year
Camerano describes Chordodes balzani, n. sp. from Bolivia.
1897. Camerano ('97a) mentions specimens of G. obesus Camer. from
Santiago and Gualaquiza, and of Chordodes bouvieri Villot from Guala-
quiza ; and also describes males of C. feste, n. sp. from Cuenca. In a
second paper ('976) he describes C.talensis, n. sp. from Bolivia ; he notes
G. alfredi Camer. from Tala, G. varius Leidy from Bolivia, and C. peraccæ
from Tucuman; and he further describes male and female specimens of
C. brasiliensis Janda from S. Lorenzo and Tala.
CRITIQUE.
There is considerable confusion in regard to the tenability of certain
of the preceding American species, mainly due to insufficient diagnoses,
so that it is necessary to relinquish some of them. Those species which
are insufficiently described, and hence untenable, are in my opinion the
following: Chordodes parasitus Creplin ('47), Gordius chilensis Gay
(Blanchard) ('49), G. aquaticus Leidy ('50), G. chordodes Diesing ('51),
G. tenuis, dubius, and acridiorum of Weyenbergh (979). G. fasciatus
Baird ('53) seems also inadequately described. The description of G. sub-
spiralis Diesing is sufficient for identification, though in the descriptive
part of this paper we shall find it to be possibly synonymous with G.
aquaticus robustus (Leidy). Leidy's description ('51) of his G. lineatus
is really insufficient; but this species is nevertheless tenable, since I
had opportunity to examine the type specimens, and have found them
to differ from any other species of Gordius. G. reticulatus Villot (74)
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
29
(D
seems to be also untenable, though it may correspond to G. violaceus
Baird, as is supposed by Villot ('87) and by Römer ('96); Villot's
G. deshayesi, æneus, and prismaticus seem to me to be also doubtful,
though the last two may be preliminarily retained, since Camerano
has found further specimens which appear to agree with them. Römer
has given good reasons to show that G. verrucosus Baird is too poorly
described to be tenable; and there is the greater reason for relinquishing
this species, since Camerano ('93) has described under the same name
a form which appears to be a Chordodes; hence this name must be
dropped from the American fauna, if not altogether from the nomen-
clature of the Gordiacea. Leidy's (56, '79) descriptions of his G.
robustus are sufficient for purposes of identification, though in the
descriptive part of our paper I shall rank this form as a subspecies of the
European G. aquaticus Linn.
There remain then the following species from the American continents
which appear tenable : Gordius varius Leidy, G. robustus Leidy, G. line-
atus Leidy, G. platyurus Baird, G. æneus Villot, G. paranensis Camer.,
G. alfredi Camer., G. danielis Camer., G. latastei Camer., G. obesus
Camer. ; Chordodes pilosus Möbius, C. brasiliensis Janda, C. peraccæ
Camer., C. variopapillatus Römer, C. balzani Camer., C. bouvieri Villot,
C. festa Camer., and C. talensis Camer. Thus all of the species described
by Camerano appear tenable, but since most of his descriptions are unac-
companied by figures the reidentification of them is rendered very diffi-
cult. The following species are to be regarded as doubtful, if not
even needing elimination : G. fasciatus Baird, G. prismaticus Villot,
G. deshayesi Villot, and G. verrucosus Baird.
It seems to be questionable whether the specimens of G. violaceus
Baird and G. aquaticus Linn., described by Römer from Arizona and
South America respectively, really belong to these species ; but this
point will be more fully criticised in our description of G. aquaticus
robustus (Leidy), and of the two new species, G. platycephalus and G.
densareolatus.
In the following descriptions, unless otherwise specified, it will be
understood that the cuticle has been examined on surface preparations
and sections in Canada balsam.
ST
BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
B. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES EXAMINED.
1. Gordius aquaticus robustus (Leidy).
Plates 1, 2, and Figs. 13, 16-19 of Plate 3.
G. robustus Leidy, '56, '79.
G. subspiralis Diesing, '61.
G. robustus Leidy, Villot, "74.
? G. violaceus Baird, Villot, '87.
? G. aquaticus Linn., Römer, '95, '96.
(Leidy's '79, types ; Leidy coll. no. 5056, Coningo, Maryland.)
Form. The male more slender than the female, in both sexes the body of
approximately the same diameter in its whole extent. Head end (Figs. 2, 6, 9,
10, 11, 17) usually obtuse, especially in the male (Figs. 2, 6, 10), sometimes
somewhat conical in the female (Fig. 17). Occasionally a slight neck constric-
tion is present. Usually no median longitudinal grooves are to be seen. In
some of the larger specimens, especially the females, the whole body is very
much flattened, and these are apparently individuals which have discharged
their ova. The posterior end of the female is obtusely truncated (Figs. 7, 8),
with a faint vertical groove on the termiual aspect; the cloacal aperture is
terminal, and lies in this groove. Figures 9, 10, show depression on the
terminal face of the head.
The posterior end of the male is spirally inrolled (a character of the males
of all the Gordiacea examined), and is furcate. The tail lobes (Figs. 1, 3-5, 19)
are short, nearly cylindrical on cross section except that they are somewhat
concave on their medio-ventral surface, and divergent. The cloacal open-
ing is round and situated anterior to the point of bifurcation of the lobes.
On the ventral side of the anterior ends of the tail lobes is situated a more or
less crescent-shaped transverse cuticular ridge, with posteriorly directed con-
cave edge. This sharp cuticular ridge is postcloacal. Short branching hairs
occur on the surface of the tail lobes as elsewhere on the surface of the body,
but no spicules; and there is no particular arrangement of the hairs in the
vicinity of the cloacal aperture.
Cuticle (Figs. 12, 13, 16). True areoles are absent. In most of the speci-
mens, and especially well marked in the males, the surface of the cuticle is
marked by very fine intersecting lines, and, at greater distances apart, by
broader intersecting raised ridges, which are strictly parallel to the finer lines
which lie in the rhombic spaces demarcated by them, and which themselves
are formed of bundles of fine lines. These larger ridges are seen with low
powers of magnification, but higher powers are necessary in order to detect the
system of finer lines which lie between them. On the cuticle, especially abun-
dant at the ends of the body, are also seen short, thick, and branching hairs.
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
Color. Variable according to age, and apparently also according to locality.
The body varies from a yellowish white to a yellowish brown, or a light
chocolate-brown ; the males are usually darker than the females. The tip of
the head is white, and behind it a broad reddish brown ring is to be seen in
most specimens (not present in some females from Kansas). In all the females
a more or less intense reddish brown ring immediately encircles the cloacal
aperture; and in some specimens there is a narrower, lighter ring outside of
and separated from the former. In the male a similar dark ring encircles the
cloacal opening, at a little distance from it ; and a spot of deep brown may lie
at the posterior edge of this ring : the postcloacal cuticular ridge is brown, its
posterior edge a much darker reddish brown.
Dimensions. Largest male, 655 mm. ; greatest diameter, 1.3 mm. Largest
female, length 705 mm. ; greatest diameter, 1.9 mm. The males are more
slender and usually somewbat shorter than the females. The individuals from
the western United States (Montana, Kansas) averaged considerably longer
than any eastern specimens examined.
Comparison. This species has been placed by me as a subspecies of G. aqua-
ticus Linn., since the differences do not warrant ranking it as a separate species.
It differs from the true European aquaticus in these points : the presence of a
dark ring around the female cloacal aperture, the absence of a row of hairs
around the male cloacal aperture, and the absence of white spots ( helle
Flecken") on the cuticle.
Especial Diagnostic Characters. The approximately equal diameter of the
whole body, with the obtuse truncation of the two ends; the absence of true
areoles, and the presence of short hairs on the cuticle ; the presence of a trans-
verse postcloacal cuticular ridge in the male, the posterior edge of which is
darkest in color, and the absence of a line of hairs around the cloacal aperture.
Geographical Distribution. I have seen specimens from Maryland, Massachu-
setts, District of Columbia, New York, Maine, Pennsylvania, Montana, and
Kansas ; and Leidy mentions its occurrence at the Bay of Fundy. The speci-
mens of “G. aquaticus” mentioned by Römer (95), from South America, are
probably specimens of our subspecies.
2. G. aquaticus difficilis, n. subsp.
Figs. 14, 15, Plate 3.
(Type : 1 male, Leidy coll. 5100, Roan Mt., N. Carolina.)
Form. General form as in the preceding subspecies, cylindrical with the
greatest diameter posteriorly, head (Fig. 14) rounded. Posterior end (Fig. 15)
as in the preceding, but a parabolic line of hairs curves around the cloacal
aperture, the posterior ends of this line of hairs situated upon the latero-ventral
surfaces of the tail lobes, at about the plane of anterior bifurcation of the
latter.
Criticle. At the tip of the head there are small, round or polygonal promi-
nences or areolæ, of slight elevation, and of a deeper brown color than the sur-
32
BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
rounding portions of the cuticle. These are densely massed together at the
tip of the head, and a few isolated areolæ occur along the sides of the body
near the head. Similar areolæ, but of larger size, are found also on the dorso-
lateral surfaces of the tail lobes. The cuticle is elsewhere marked by minute
intersecting lines, much as in the preceding species ; when studied in alcohol
the cuticle appears to be areolated in its whole extent, but sections show that
the apparent areolæ are nothing but slight elevations between the bundles of
intersecting lines, the supposed areolæ themselves being striated by fine lines.
Color. Remarkably iridescent. Whole body a light chocolate-brown color,
the tip of the head the same. There is a dark ring immediately around the
cloacal aperture. The whole surface of the postcloacal cuticular ridge is of a
uniform brown color, without darker posterior edge.
Dimensions. Length, 70 mm.; greatest diameter, .5 mm.
Comparison. This form resembles, but seems to be distinct from G. aquati-
cus robustus. It differs from the latter as follows : in the presence of areolæ
on the head and tail lobes; in the circumcloacal line of hairs; in the uniform
dark brown color of the postcloacal cuticular ridge ; in the absence of a
dark ring around the neck, and of a white tip to the head. These characters
seem to warrant placing it, preliminarily at least, as a new subspecies.
3. G. lineatus Leidy.
Figs. 20-31, Plate 4.
G. lineatus Leidy, '51.
G. robustus Leidy, '56.
? G. seta Müll., Diesing, '61.
G. lineatus Leidy, Villot, '74.
G. aquaticus Linn., Römer, '96.
(Types : Leidy coll. 5008, Essex County, New York, 1851.)
Form. Head end (Figs. 20, 21) rounded, not constricted from the body;
body cylindrical, somewhat narrowed anteriorly. Median grooves absent.
Posterior end (Figs. 22, 23, 28) not swollen, obtusely truncated in the female.
Males somewhat more slender than the female, and somewhat flattened.
Tail lobes (Figs. 24–26) rather long and divergent, their distal ends curved
inwards (ventrad). Cloacal opening elongate, above the lobes. Cuticular
spicules of an elongate conical form on the median surfaces of the tail lobes,
though not on the distal ends of the lobes. Two rows of rather long branch-
ing hairs on the ventral surface of the body; one row on each side of the
median line, each row extending from a little in front of the cloacal opening to
a little behind the point of bifurcation of the tail lobes; the hairs are longest
in the middle of each line. Tail lobes concave on their medio-ventral surfaces.
Cuticle (Figs. 29–31). Areolated, areolæ closely opposed without inter-
vening spaces ; rectangular or polygonal in outline, frequently elongated in
the direction of the body axis, and with a tendency to group themselves into
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
33
longitudinal rows which form ridges on the body surface. The areolæ vary
considerably in forn and size.
Color. A pale transparent yellowish white, the female of a deeper buff
color. In the female the cloacal opening is immediately surrounded by a
narrow, reddish brown ring.
Dimensions. Length of largest male, 278 mm.; greatest diameter, .6 mm.
Length of largest female, 283 mm. ; greatest diameter, .8 mm. The females
are a little longer and broader than the males, but both sexes are very slender.
Comparison. This species stands closest to G. violaceus Baird, but differs
from it in the form of the tail lobes, and in the arrangement of the spicules on
them, as well as by its very slender form.
Particular Diagnostic Characters. Very slender and short, of a pale yellowish
or buff color. Areolæ small, close together, with a tendency to form longitu-
dinal ridges. A line of long hairs to each side of the cloacal aperture in the
male, and spicules on the tail lobes.
Geographical Distribution. New York, Maryland, and one specimen secured
by me in a spring in Chester County, Pennsylvania. Leidy's type specimens
were also found in a spring.
4. G. densareolatus, n. sp.
Figs. 32-33, Plate 4; Plate 5.
(Types : Leidy coll. 5063, Fort Bridger, Wyoming.)
Form of Female. Head end (Figs. 34, 35) conical, terminally rounded,
the terminal portion slightly constricted off ; mouth opening terminal. An-
terior portion of the body narrower than the middle and posterior portions.
With more or less pronounced dorsal and ventral median lines. Posterior end
(Figs. 38, 39) slightly widened horizontally, obtusely truncated, with a shal-
low vertical groove on its posterior aspect, in the middle of which the cloacal
opening lies.
Form of Male. Generally similar to but more slender than the female.
The tail lobes (Figs. 36, 37) are short, thick, asymmetrical, and divergent.
The cloacal aperture is small, circular, and immediately enveloped by a dark
ring ; it is situated anterior to the tail lobes, on the ventral surface of the body.
On the antero-ventral surface of the tail lobes is an integumentary (not purely
cuticular) ridge of slight elevation, the two arms of this ridge converging and
joining just behind the cloacal aperture. The ventro-median surfaces of the
tail lobes are concave. From the cloacal aperture, and embracing it, there
extends cephalad, for a distance about equal to the length of the shorter tail
lobe, a comparatively wide groove on the ventral surface of the body; at each
antero-lateral edge of this groove lies a rounded prominence or ridge. The
ventro-median surfaces of the tail lobes and the postcloacal integumentary
ridge are covered with short conical cuticular spicules, which extend cephalad
to each side of the cloacal aperture.
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BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
Cuticle (Figs. 32, 33). Areolated; the areolæ variable in size and form,
usually elongate-oval or irregularly pentagonal in outline. Their longitudinal
axis is usually nearly perpendicular to that of the body, and they tend to pro-
duce transverse rows or chains, in each of which rows some of the areolæ are
confluent. Narrow, shallow grooves separate neighboring parallel rows of
areolæ ; and beneath the areolæ a system of fine intersecting lines is seen.
No interareolar bristles or hairs are present.
Color. In the female (three specimens examined) the extreme tip of the
head is white, this is followed by a light buff ring, and immediately behind
the latter a broad transverse reddish brown ring. The cloacal aperture is
immediately surrounded by a thin black ring, and around the latter is a much
broader circular area of a reddish brown color. The rest of the body is a deep
yellowish brown in one specimen; a light chocolate color in the other speci-
men. Color of the male (a single specimen) similar to that of the female,
but darker, a deep chocolate color; a nearly black ring surrounds the cloacal
opening, while the postcloacal integumentary ridge is slightly lighter than the
surrounding parts.
Dimensions. Male, length, 290 mm. ; greatest diameter, 1.1 mm. Female,
length of largest specimen, 395 mm.; greatest diameter, 1.7 mm.
Comparison. This species is quite similar to the European G. tatrensis
Janda, but differs from it in that all the areolæ are of a dark color and
there are no groups of areoles forming white spots; and in the male the tail
lobes are shorter and thicker, and there is no “knorriges, glattes, dreiwandiges
Höfchen” around the cloacal aperture, such as is described by Janda ('93).
It also differs from G. violaceus Baird in the manner of distribution of the
spicules on the tail lobes, and in the confluence of the areolæ. It is however
most closely allied to G. platycephalus, n. sp. ; these resemblances will be dis-
cussed under the heading of that species.
Especial Diagnostic Characters. The dense arrangement of the irregular
areolæ, which have a tendency to produce transverse rows, and the tendency
to confluence of the areoles ; the comparatively robust form of the body; the
short, thick tail lobes in the male, with the conical spines on their ventral sur-
face, the obscure postcloacal integumentary ridge, and the ventral depression
within which the cloacal aperture lies.
Geographical Distribution. The type specimens (2 males, 1 female) are
from Fort Bridger, Wyoming; and another female from South Montana (coll.,
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia).
5. G. platycephalus, n. sp.
Plate 6; Figs. 46-49, Plate 7.
(Type of female : coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Guatemala. Type of male:
coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., South Montana.)
Form of Female. Anterior portion of the body attenuated and flattened in
all specimens, and the head constricted from the body. The head (Figs. 42, b,
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
35
c, 45) is of slightly greater diameter than the part of the body immediately
preceding, tip of the head rounded or truncated; in one specimen a groove on
the ventral surface of the head. Body either flattened or cylindrical, with
deep dorsal and ventral median grooves. In all females except one the pos-
terior end (Figs. 42 a, 43, 44) of the body is somewhat constricted for a dis-
tance of about 6 mm., but the extreme posterior end is usually swollen, some-
what knob-shaped ; on lateral view this end appears obliquely truncated, the.
posterior end of the body has a vertical groove on its terminal aspect, and the
cloacal aperture is not exactly terminal, but somewhat ventral.
In the male the anterior portion (Fig. 40) of the body is not attenuated,
though it is slightly flattened horizontally; the head is elongate-oval in out-
line, of greater diameter than the part immediately preceding, and is terminally-
rounded. The body like that of the female, but more slender. Tail lobes
(Fig. 41) rather slender and long, asymmetrical, their distal ends curved
ventro-mediad ; they are nearly cylindrical, flattened only on the median sur-
face. The large, elongate cloacal aperture is situated on the ventral surface of
the body, and separated from the anterior point of bifurcation of the tail lobes
by a distance equal to half the length of the tail lobes. This aperture does not
lie in a groove ; nor do spicules nor long hairs occur near it or on the tail lobes,
but only minute, short hairs.
Cuticle (Figs. 46–49). Areolated; the areolæ slightly smaller than those
of G. densareolatus, more or less of the same size, and either irregularly
polygonal or somewhat elongate in outline, and then usually elongated in the
direction of the transverse axis of the body. The areolæ are usually well
separated from one another, except in the median line, and show no tendency
to produce confluent rows. Small interareolar groups of small bristles occur
in most of the individuals, these bristles varying in number and form.
Color. Brown, varying in shade, but never very intense ; tip of head lighter,
and a more or less pronounced dark ring around the neck. In the male an
obscure brown ring immediately surrounds the cloacal aperture.
Dimensions. Length of male, 216 mm.; greatest diameter, 1 mm. Length
of largest female, 335 mm.; greatest diameter, 1.4 mm.
Comparison. In the configuration of the cuticle this species is most closely
allied to G. violaceus Baird, and to G. densareolatus mihi. The males of these
three species are very different, however, in regard to the arrangement of the
spicules on the posterior end, such spicules being absent in platycephalus.
This character does not serve to distinguish the females of these species how-
ever, though the flattening of the anterior portion of the body is diagnostic of
platycephalus. But I am wholly at a loss to classify one female from Montana
in the collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci.: it has the flattened head of platyceph-
alus, with the confluent areolæ of densareolatus ; its color is a deep buff, with a
narrow black ring immediately around the mouth, but with no dark ring
around the neck; the shape of the posterior end and the deep median grooves
of the body resemble platycephalus, so that on the whole I should be inclined
to consider it as platycephalus. But might not this specimen be a hybrid be-
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BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
tween these two species ? Though the females of violaceus, densareolatus, and
platycephalus are so similar, the males are nevertheless very different in regard
to the form of their posterior ends, so that these species may be regarded as
genetically related, and we must consider that the course of modification which
they have undergone has influenced the males more than the females. This
view of the question cannot be regarded as bizarre, since in other groups of
animals also the males are in some cases far more dissimilar than the females.
Especial Diagnostic Characters. The flattening of the anterior end, and the
constriction of the head from the body; the slight enlargement of the posterior
end in the female; the absence of spicules on the tail lobes in the male; the
presence of small, rounded-polygonal cuticular areoles, which are as a rule well
separated from one another.
Geographical Distribution. Guatemala, South Montana, Pennsylvania,
Bridger Basin, Fort Laramie. 1 male and 7 females examined.
6. G. platyurus Baird.
Figs. 50-52, Plate 7.
G.platyura Baird, '53.
G. platyurus Baird, Diesing, '61.
G. platyurus Baird, Villot, '74.
G. platyurus Baird, Oerley, '81.
G. platyurus Baird, Römer, '96.
(1 female examined : Leidy coll. 5096.)
Form. Very massive, flattened dorso-ventrally, with broad dorsal and ven.
tral grooves, which do not extend quite to the posterior end. Head end (Fig.
52) conical. Largest diameter posteriorly. The posterior end (Fig. 51) is
dorso-ventrally flattened, expanded, wider than the preceding portion of the
body, spatulate in form, with shallow dorsal and ventral depressions. The
cloacal aperture is terminal.
Cuticle (Fig. 50). With fine intersecting lines, much as in G. aquaticus
Linn. Here and there bundles of elevated lines are demarcated from the finer
lines, and these bundles, which are parallel to the finer lines, deliminate
rhomboid-shaped spaces.
Color. A light yellowish buff, somewhat iridescent. Extreme tip of head
white, behind which is a faint brownish ring. Posterior tip of the body a light
yellowish white.
Dimensions. Length, 540 mm.; greatest diameter of body, 2.4 mm.; great-
est transverse diameter of tail, 2.3 mm.
No locality is marked for this specimen ; the only other specimen known,
the type in the British Museum, is labelled “ Jamaica ?" so that it is not yet
proved that this species is American. It seems to me probable that it does not
come from the North American continent, since otherwise there would proba-
bly be numerous examples of this large species extant. Its massive form and
the spatulate shape of the posterior end are good diagnostic characters.
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
37
.
7. G. leidyi, n. sp.
Figs. 53-55, Plate 7; Figs. 56-59, Plate 8.
(1 female, type: Leidy coll. 5089, no data.)
Form. Head (Fig. 53) conically pointed, obtusely rounded at the tip, where
the mouth opening is terminal and forms a slight projection. Body cylindri-
cal, with deep dorsal and ventral grooves, the ventral one not quite in the
median plane. Posterior portions of the body for a distance of about 12 mm.
slightly flattened horizontally, and of slightly less diameter than the middle of
posterior end of the body; the ventral groove ends about 5 mm. in front of
the posterior end. Posterior end (Figs. 56-58) truncated, almost vertically.
Cloacal aperture (Fig. 57) terminal, nearly in the centre of the disk which
forms the distal face of the posterior end. This aperture is placed upon a
round, elevated papilla, the latter sunk in a depression of the distal face of the
body. To each side of the cloacal papilla is a short vertical, elevated integu-
transverse ridge. On the dorsal side of the posterior end (Fig. 56) is a nearly
U-shaped integumentary fold, to each side of which is an elongated pit or
depression. The latter pits lie respectively on the dorso-lateral sides of the
posterior end of the body, and extend posteriorly as far as the vertical tegu-
mentary ridges which form the lateral boundaries of the depression in which
the cloacal papilla is situated. The distal end of the dorsal U-shaped fold
forms a transverse ridge bounding dorsally the depression in which the cloacal
papilla lies. The dorso-median groove of the body extends on the surface of
this fold to the posterior end of the latter, the groove being broadest at this
point. Thus the posterior end of the body is vertically truncated, with a con-
cave distal face ; in the centre of this depression, situated on the summit of a
slightly elevated papilla, lies the cloacal aperture; the outlines of this terminal
concavity of the body form nearly a square, its boundary being two short
vertical ridges, a transverse ventral ridge, and a transverse dorsal ridge which
is the distal end of a U-shaped fold of the integument situated on the dorsal
side of the end of the body. These relations are somewhat complicated, and
may be best understood by reference to the Figures 56-58.
Cuticle. Areolated ; areolæ (Figs. 54, 55) only slightly elevated, on cross
section they show no hyaline summit, irregularly polygonal in outline ; they
are usually elongated in the line of the transverse axis of the body, and show
a tendency to form short and interrupted rows or chains, contiguous areoles in
such rows being confluent. The areolæ are separated only by narrow spaces.
The cuticle is also marked by intersecting elevated lines (Fig. 59) placed at
considerable but varying distances apart, these lines being easily visible on the
alcoholic specimen. Interareolar bristles are absent.
Color. Head end light yellowish brown, the rest of the body a deep yellow-
ish brown color, with an obscure dusky brown ring on the head. In the
VOL. XXXII. — NO. 3.
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BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
median line of the dorsal groove of the body are two narrow, parallel stripes
of an intense reddish brown color, which are in contact with one another in
the median line. In the ventral median groove of the body are two parallel
stripes of about the same color as those in the dorsal groove, but with this
difference, that they are separated from one another by a distance about equal
to the diameter of either of the lines, and that the two ventral stripes are of
not quite the same diameter. Both the dorsal and ventral stripes of color
disappear near the two ends of the body.
Dimensions. Length, 295 mm.; greatest diameter, 1.5 mm.
This species is sharply distinguished from all other species of the genus
known to me by the peculiar form of the posterior end, and by the colored
stripes lying within the median grooves of the body. Unfortunately the
locality is not given for the specimen. I have named it in honor of the pioneer
student of the American Gordiacea, Joseph Leidy.
3. G. agassizi, n. sp.
Figs. 63-66, Plate 9.
(Type, 1 male : Harvard collection no. 296, Sandwich Isl.)
Form. Body much flattened dorso-ventrally, without well marked median
grooves; the body is flattened in such a way that the dorsal side is rounded,
the ventral side concave, so that a cross section would show the body to be
somewhat sickle-shaped. Head end likewise dorso-ventrally flattened. The
particular characteristic of this species, however, is that the broad plane of the
neck does not coincide with the broad plane of the head, but is nearly vertical
to it (Fig. 63). Thus the flattening of the head and of the body lies in approx-
imately the same plane, while the neck region (for a distance of about .9 mm.)
is twisted around through an angle of nearly 180 degrees, and hence the broad
plane of the neck is nearly vertical to that of the head and to that of the body.
Hence in viewing the head end either from the dorsal (Fig. 63) or the ventral
aspect, the neck appears like a short slender thread. This relation has prob-
ably been produced by a torsion of the neck region through an angle of nearly
180 degrees. The outline of the head; viewed from the flattened surface, has
somewhat the shape of an unbarbed arrow-head, broadest posteriorly and with
rounded tip; the mouth opening is large, transversely elongated, and situated
at the termino-ventral margin of the head. The neck inserts itself along an
elevated ridge which circumscribes the posterior portion of the head. On the
dorsal surface of the head (Fig. 63), to each side of the median line, are found
just behind this elevated ridge a number of small ridges which are parallel to
one another (i. e. those on the same side of the ridge are parallel), and these
are obliquely disposed to the large ridge. These relations are difficult to
describe, but may be understood by comparing the figure.
The tail lobes (Figs. 65, 66) are bent ventrad, nearly at right angles to the
posterior end of the body region proper. Each tail lobe is much flattened
laterally, and is very short; it is somewhat rounded on the lateral, and corre-
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
39
spondingly concave on the median side. Viewed from the side (Fig. 65)
each shows a more or less conical outline, broadest at the proximal end,
rounded at the distal end. The dorso-median margin is slightly thickened.
The flattened planes of the two lobes are not parallel, their dorso-median
margins being much closer together than the ventro-median; the proximal ends
of their dorso-median margins are in contact, while the ventro-median margins
are farthest apart proximately (Fig. 66). The median plane between the
two lobes is vertical to the flattened plane of the posterior end of the body
proper. The tail lobes may well be termed leaf-shaped.
Cuticle (examined in alcohol only, since it seemed inadvisable to section the
single specimen at hand). The surface (Fig. 64) viewed with low powers
of the microscope, shows very plainly a system of deep intersecting lines, be-
tween which lie slightly elevated areolæ of rhombic or rhomboid outline.
There are necessarily two systems of parallel lines; and in one of these two
systems the lines tend to occur in pairs.
Color. The body is a uniform rufous-brown color, the tail lobes somewhat
lighter. The mouth region of the head is yellowish, behind which follows a
zone of a nearly black color; the posterior portion of the head is but little
darker in color than the body.
Dimensions. Length, 158 mm. ; greatest diameter of head, 1 mm.; greatest
diameter of body, 1.5 mm.
Comparison. This species may be very sharply distinguished from any
other Gordiacean yet described, by the torsion of the neck through an angle of
nearly half a circle, and by the extreme flattening of the tail lobes. It is the
only species known from the Sandwich Islands.
9. G. capitosulcatus, n. sp.
Figs. 67-69, Plate 9; Fig. 70, Plate 10.
(Type, 1 male: Harvard coll. 1466 a, Cuba.)
Form. The body is dorso-ventrally slightly flattened, with slight dorsal
and ventral median grooves. The head (Figs. 67, 69) is flattened laterally,
higher than broad, and is separated from the body by a slight constriction
(neck). The head has the greatest diameter at the anterior end, where it is
obliquely truncated, the dorsal margin projecting slightly farther forwards
than the ventral. The terminal aspect (Fig. 67) of the head is concave, the
large mouth opening situated in the median line, nearer the ventral than the
dorsal margin of the head. At each anterior dorso-lateral margin of the head
is a ring-shaped prominence (Fig. 69), which surrounds a pit-like depression.
It would be impossible to determine the structural significance of these pits
without sectioning the head, but this was not permitted on the single speci-
men examined.
The tail lobes (Fig. 70) are slightly divergent; each is terminally rounded,
nearly cylindrical on cross section, but concave on the median surface. The
lobes are long and slender, and apparently bear no hairs or spicules. The
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BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
cloacal aperture is situated on the ventral surface of the body, a short distance
in front of the point of union of the two lobes.
Cuticle (Fig. 68). With small elevated areoles, situated close together.
The areoles are somewhat variable in size and form, but are mostly rounded-
polygonal in outline. Their surface is not smooth, as in the other species of
the genus examined by me, but with irregular short tubercles. Interareolar
bristles are apparently absent.
Color. Pitch-black to the naked eye, but with a brownish tinge when
viewed with the microscope. The margins of the ring-shaped prominences of
the head are of a whitish color.
Dimensions. Length, 165 mm.; greatest diameter, 9 mm.
Especial Diagnostic Characters. The presence of depressions on the anterior
dorso-lateral margins of the head ; the roughened surface of the areoles; the
intense black color.
Comparison. This form differs from G. violaceus, densareolatus, and platy-
cephalus by the roughened surface of the areoles, the coloration, and the
presence of the pits on the head. It has no close resemblance to any of the
species described by Camerano from South America, and on the whole appears
to be a well defined species.
10. G. paranensis Camer.
Figs. 71-74, Plate 10.
G. paranensis Camerano, '92, '94.
G. paranensis Camer., Römer, '96.
(1 female, 5 males : Harvard coll. no. 1478, Casabianca, Chile.)
Form of Female. Body somewhat flattened dorso-ventrally, without well
marked median grooves. Head conical, concave on the terminal aspect,
mouth terminal ; head not constricted from the body. Posterior end (Fig. 71)
truncated, with a circular depression on its terminal aspect, in which the
cloacal opening lies ; this posterior end of the body is round on cross section,
while the immediately preceding portion of the body is much flattened dorso-
ventrally.
Form of Male. Body more slender than in the female, and with more or
less well marked median grooves. In one male (Fig. 74) the head end is
conical with rounded tip; in the others it is separated from the body by a
slight constriction, and is terminally truncated, the terminal face concave
(Fig. 73) ; on this terminal aspect of the head in one specimen is a vertical,
median ridge, to each side of which is a depression. A conical and a truncate
form of head being found in different specimens of this species would lead to
the conclusion that the truncate form, in which the anterior aspect of the head
is concave, is probably due to a muscular contraction of the tip of the head.
The tail lobes (Fig. 72, a, b) are comparatively short and thick, flattened on
their proximo-median surfaces as well as on their dorso-lateral surfaces.
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
41
Apparently neither hairs nor spicules occur in the vicinity of the lobes. At
the anterior point of union of the tail lobes, on the ventral surface of the body,
is situated a V-shaped ridge, each arm of which is placed on the ventro-median
margin of the corresponding tail lobe, the two arms of the V converging, and
joining at an angle cephalad at the anterior point of union of the tail lobes.
Anterior to this ridge is situated a broad and deep'depression. At the deepest
part of this depression, i. e. in the medio-ventral line just anterior to the ridge
described, is situated the cloacal aperture; this aperture lies on the summit of
a slightly elevated papilla. The anterior margin of the depression which sur.
rounds the cloacal papilla forms a sharp ledge, irregularly semicircular in out-
line (the opening of the semicircle directed caudad); this sharp ledge, forming
the anterior and lateral margin of the cloacal depression, is not elevated above
the level of that portion of the ventral surface of the body which lies anterior
to the depression. Along this ledge are arranged a row of short, thick hairs.
Accordingly, we find on the ventral surface of the posterior end of the male a
narrow V-shaped ridge at the base of the tail lobes; anterior to this a large and
deep depression, in the centre of the posterior part of which the cloacal papilla
is situated; and the anterior and lateral boundary of this depression, formed by
a nearly semicircular sharp ledge.
Cuticle. There are no areoles, but a system of broad intersecting, oblique
lines, between which are much finer intersecting lines. Short hairs also occur
here and there, but sparsely. The cuticle is thus very similar to that of G.
aquaticus robustus (Leidy).
Color. Body of a dull olive-brown color. Tip of the head yellowish white,
the remainder of the head reddish brown, varying in shade. The posterior end
of the female is yellowish ; the pit in which the cloacal aperture lies is of a
deep reddish brown color, there being thus a disk of this color immediately
around the aperture. In the male the postcloacal cuticular ridge is reddish
brown, its posterior edge black.
Dimensions. Length of female, 470 mm.; greatest diameter, 1.8 mm.
Length of largest male, 340 mm. ; greatest diameter, 1.3 mm.
Especial Diagnostic Characters. The presence of a postcloacal ridge in the
male, and the presence of a sharp precloacal ledge which bounds the cloacal
depression; the intersecting lines of the cuticle.
Comparison. These specimens seem to agree wholly with Camerano's
description of the species. This form is most closely allied to G. aquaticus
robustus (Leidy).
Geographical Distribution. Asuncion, Paraguay; Palmeira (Parana); Casa-
bianca, Chile.
BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
11. G. violaceus Baird.
Figs. 60-62, Plate 8; Figs. 75-gy, Plate 11.
G. violaceus Baird, '53. (For the synonymy of descriptions of specimens from
other localities than America, cf. Römer, '96.)
? G. reticulatus Villot, '74 (from California).
? G. violaceus Baird, Villot, '87.
? G. violaceus Baird, Römer, '95 (from Arizona).
? G. violaceus Baird, Römer, '96.
(1 female, Harvard coll. no. 1465, California ; 1 female, Harvard coll. no.
1666 c, Cuba.)
Description of the Californian Specimen. Body cylindrical without median
lines. Posterior and especially the anterior portions of the body somewhat
narrower than the middle; head (Fig. 61) of a rounded conical form, not con-
stricted from the body, mouth terminal. Posterior end (Fig. 60) of the same
diameter as the immediately preceding portion of the body, obtusely rounded
terminally; the small, round cloacal aperture is terminal. Cuticle (Fig. 62)
areolated: the brownish areolæ vary somewhat in size, are irregularly polyg-
onal, and do not form rows but are well separated from one another; a few
small interareolar bristles are present. Color: a clear chocolate-brown, head
paler, a deep reddish brown ring around the mouth. Length, 130 mm. ; great-
est diameter, 9 min.
Description of the Cuban Specimen. Body nearly cyclindrical, with dorsal
and ventral median grooves. Head cyclindrical, narrower than the portion of
the body immediately preceding, terminally truncated (Fig. 76); this plane of
truncation is slightly convex, the mouth situated in its centre. The anterior
portion of the body is gradually attenuated, of less diameter than the middle
portion. Posterior end of the body (Fig. 75) obliquely truncated, in that the
dorsal margin projects farther caudad than does the ventral margin; the pos-
terior end of the body is flattened on its ventral surface. In the medio-ventral
line is a shallow narrow groove, which passes dorsad on the terminal aspect of
the body, this groove being deepest at the dorso-terminal margin of the body.
Within this groove lies the terminal cloacal aperture. Cuticle (Fig. 77)
areolated : areolæ low, irregularly rounded in outline, smooth superficially,
close together; the areolæ are very little darker than the inter-areolar spaces;
between them lie thick, conical hairs, which are higher than the areolæ.
Color a uniform grayish brown, head lighter; the mouth is surrounded by a
narrow reddish brown ring, and the vertical groove at the posterior end of the
body is also of this color. Length, 112 mm.; greatest diameter, 1 mm.
Comparison. There is some doubt in my mind whether these specimens
should be attributed to G. violaceus Baird, but they certainly come closer to this
species than to any other, and until further specimens are examined from these
localities may best be placed under this species. But we know that platy-
cephalus and densareolatus come very close to violaceus in the structure of the
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
43
cuticle, but differ markedly in the form and armature of the posterior end of
the male; and so it may be that the males of these two specimens, when dis-
covered, may also be found to differ from the males of violaceus. But it would
be inadvisable to classify these two females as a new species until the males
are known.
The Californian form agrees very closely with the G. reticulatus of Villot
(°74), also from California, but the male of the latter is likewise unknown, so
that reticulatus must still be regarded as a doubtful species. Villot ('87) and
Römer (95, '96) hold the view that reticulatus may be synonymous with viola-
ceus. The males of specimens from all these localities must first be examined
before we can decide whether the true violaceus really occurs in America, or
whether a subspecies or different species, distinct also from platycephalus and
densareolatus does not take its place. Hence these two doubtful female
specimens from Cuba and California, may only preliminarily be placed under
violaceus.
PARAGORDIUS, n. gen. (cf. the Appendix).
(Type of the genus: Gordius varius Leidy, '51, '56.)
Generic Characters. The cloaca in the adult female is remarkably long
(Fig. 86), nearly half an inch in length, and the caudal ganglion (Fig.
79, N. Gl.) is in direct connection with the cloacal epithelium, and at no
point with the epidermis. The male is characterized by the absence of a
cloacal musculature (Fig. 78). The trilobation of the posterior end of the
female (Figs. 88–90) possibly also furnishes a true generic character.
Thus Paragordius differs anatomically more widely from Gordius and Chor-
dodes, than the last two do from each other; for in both of the last two the
female cloaca is very short, usually a fraction of a millimeter, and the caudal
ganglion is never in contact with the cloacal epithelium, and in these also
the male always possesses a cloacal musculature (Fig. 18). I am inclined to
suppose that the European Gordius tricuspidatus (Dufour) (G. gratianopolensis
Dies.) should be placed in this new genus, since its female has also a triloba-
tion of the posterior end. But unless the latter species be found to show also
the anatomical generic characters given above, it must be kept separate from
Paragordius, since it is doubtful whether the mere trilobation of the posterior
end constitutes a good generic character, for we find in the female of G. tolo-
sanus Duj. a tendency to bilobation of the posterior end of the body. I have
had no opportunity to examine G. tricuspidatus, and find no description of the
anatomical structures at issue, so that the generic position of this European
species must still remain doubtful, though it certainly should not be placed
under Chordodes, as Römer ('96) has done, since the male has the typical bilo-
bation of the posterior end shown by all true Gordii. I quite agree with
Janda ('93) that the shallow ventral groove on the posterior end of the males
of Chordodes is one of the important characters of the genus, since I have found
this typical form of the posterior end in all male Chordodes examined by me,
44
BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
and it has been found characteristic for all the males of Chordodes which have
been heretofore described. The characters of these three genera of Gordiacea
may be compared as follows.
Gordius. Posterior end of the male bilobed, a cloacal musculature present;
posterior end of the female rarely much swollen, never cleft (except in G. tolo-
sanus, where it is deeply grooved rather than cleft); the caudal ganglion in the
female not in contact with the cloacal epithelium, the cloaca very short; cu-
ticula marked with intersecting lines or with low areolæ, never with high tuber-
cles or papillæ, though frequently with short hairs or conical processes (spicules).
Chordodes. Posterior end of the male not bilobed, but only with a compara-
tively shallow groove on the ventral surface; posterior end of the female usu-
ally swollen, never cleft ; the caudal ganglion in the female not in contact with
the cloacal epithelium, the cloaca very short; the male with a special cloacal
musculature; cuticle usually marked with high tubercles or papillæ, and
apparently always with hyaline club-shaped processes, which are very differ-
ent from the interareolar hairs of Gordius.
Paragordius. Posterior end of the male bilobed, no cloacal musculature;
posterior end of the female trilobed ; the caudal ganglion in the female is in
contact with the cloacal epithelium, and the cloaca is long; cuticle as in Gor-
dius, except that the papillæ are enveloped in a hyaline layer, which forms the
external layer of the cuticle (Fig. 91, a).
These three genera appear to be very natural groups, and each is to be dis-
tinguished by the union of certain characters, rather than by the presence of
any single character. Of the three, Gordius occupies an intermediate position,
with relations on the one hand to Chordodes, on the other to Paragordius,
though it shows the greater affinity to Chordodes; while there are no good
characters in common between Chordodes and Paragordius. Thus Gordius
might be regarded as the more primitive parent form, from which the others
have differentiated; but I reserve a discussion of this point for a subsequent
contribution.
The following preliminary note on the caudal ganglion of Paragordius (in
the female) may be of anatomical interest. This ganglion lies in contact with
the cloacal epithelium at the anterior point of bifurcation of the two lateral
tail lobes (Fig. 79). The posterior margin of this ganglion forms a thin verti-
cal lamina, which may be in contact with that portion of the epidermis lying
between the two lateral lobes, but it certainly does not terminate in contact
with the epidermis of the ventral surface of the body. The ventral nerve
chord anterior to the caudal ganglion lies in the ventro-median line between the
intestine and the longitudinal musculature of the body wall, as in both Gordius
and Chordodes, as far as the latter genera have been examined. But there are
certain small nerves which take their origin from the antero-dorsal margin of the
caudal ganglion, and these nerves lie directly beneath the cloacal epithelium.
These relations were studied on sections of two females; and anterior and pos-
terior nerves may be distinguished with reference to the course which they pur-
sue. The anterior nerves, which are of greater diameter than the posterior
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
ones, varied in number in the two specimens sectioned. In the one, two
nerves arise from the dorso-lateral margin of the ganglion, and may be traced
cephalad for a number of sections; they diverge only slightly; in the other
specimen there is, in addition to the two lateral anterior nerves, also an un-
paired median nerve of greater diameter than the other two, which bifurcates
at its anterior end. The posterior nerves arise a couple of sections behind the
anterior ones, and are two in number (one on each side of the median line),
though in one of the specimens there appeared to be two on one side and one
on the other; these posterior nerves pass caudad, diverging in their course, and
may be traced into the lateral tail lobes, where they divide into still smaller
nerves.
In one male sectioned an elongated cuticular penis was present in the cloaca,
this being only the second case of a penis being observed in a Gordiid, the other
case having been observed by Vejdovsky. But the description of these inter-
esting anatomical details must be postponed to a later paper.
12. Paragordius varius (Leidy).
Figs. 78-85, Plate 11; Figs. 86-93, Plate 12.
Gordius varius Leidy, '51, '56, 58.
G. varius Leidy, Diesing, 1861.
G. gratianopolensis Charvet, Schneider, '66.
G. varius Leidy, Villot, '74.
G. trilobus Villot, Oerley, '81.
G. varius Leidy, Camerano, '93.
Chordodes varius Leidy, Römer, '96.
(Leidy's original type specimens have apparently not been preserved.)
Form of the Female. The anterior and posterior portions of the body are
narrower than the middle, the decrease in diameter being very gradual; the
anterior is narrower than the posterior end. The head end (Figs. 83-85) is
obliquely truncated in such a way that the antero-ventral margin projects
farther forward than does the antero-dorsal; this truncated plane, which
forms the terminal aspect of the head, is very nearly flat. The mouth lies
near the ventral edge of the truncated plane. The posterior end (Figs. 88-90)
is trilobed, there being one dorso-median and two latero-ventral lobes; these
lobes have no cuticular spines on their surface, and in the great majority of the
numerous specimens examined are of equal length. Two specimens in the
Harvard collection were exceptions to this equality in length: in one the dorsal
lobe was slightly longer than the others, in the other slightly shorter. But the
dorsal lobe is narrower than the others, and further differs from the latter in
having an elevated median ridge on its ventral surface, so that on cross section
it appears triradiate (Figs. 80, 81). The lateral lobes are crescent-shaped on
cross section. The cloacal aperture, wholly hidden by these lobes, lies at their
base and between them, so that the cuticle and epidermis of the inner surface
of the lobes are directly continuous with the cuticle and epithelium of the
46
BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOÖLOGY.
cloaca (Fig. 86). The lobes may be either parallel or divergent, and hence
are probably movable.
Form of the Male. The anterior end (Fig. 82) as in the female, but the
body more slender. The tail lobes (Fig. 87) are comparatively long and
slender, cylindrical in shape, and obtusely rounded terminally. Small conical
spicules occur on the medio-ventral surfaces of the anterior half of the lobes,
and short hairs on their anterior surfaces. The elongate cloacal aperture lies in
the medio-ventral line of the body, anterior to the tail lobes. .
Cuticle. On cross section (Fig. 91, a) an outer thin hyaline layer is seen, and
an inner, much thicker fibrous layer. Embedded in the hyaline layer are small
lozenge-shaped bodies, which stain more deeply than any other portion of the
cuticle, and which correspond to the areolæ seen on surface views. The exter-
nal surface of the hyaline layer of the cuticle is marked by short conoidal
processes of the same structure as the hyaline matrix; these are not seen on
surface views. On surface view (Figs. 91,6–93) the cuticle appears areolated:
the areolæ are small, variable in size and form, and irregularly arranged.
Sometimes they occur in groups, sometimes in interrupted longitudinal rows;
their arrangement varies both in different individuals as well as on different
portions of the same individual. The areoles are irregularly polygonal in
outline. In one female larger brown-colored areoles were present in addition
to the smaller, lightly colored ones; the former were mainly arranged in the
form of longitudinal ridges, and were irregularly star-shaped in outline.
Color. Color usually lighter in the females than in the males, varying from
a light brown or yellowish to a dark brown (the larger individuals usually
darker). The tip of the head is white or a pale brownish ; just behind there
is a dark ring of color, usually rusty brown or even black, rarely pale ; this
ring is darkest at its anterior edge, and darker on the dorsal than on the ven-
tral side of the body. At least a trace of this ring is to be seen on all speci-
mens when mature, though the intensity of its coloration is very variable.
Dimensions. Length of largest male seen, 350 mm.; greatest diameter,.9 mm.
Length of largest female, 290 mm.; greatest diameter (of a flattened individual),
2 mm. The males are more slender and average considerably shorter than
the females.
Especial Diagnostic Characters. The trilobation of the posterior end of the
female, the long and cylindrical tail lobes of the male, the oblique truncation
of the head end, and the usually very dark colored ring around the head,
render this species very easy of identification.
Comparisons. This species has the greatest affinity to Gordius (Para-
gordius ?) tricuspidatus (Dufour); but it differs from it. in that there are no
spicules or spines upon the tail lobes of the female, and in that the dorsal is
narrower than the lateral lobes; further, in varius the areoles of the cuticle
are frequently arranged into rows or groups.
Geographical Distribution. I have examined specimens from the following
localities: New York, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Vir-
ginia, Kansas, California, and Guatemala; and it has been observed by others
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
47
in Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia. It appears to have a very extensive range, and
it and G. aquaticus robustus are the most abundant forms in the northeastern
portion of the United States.
Genus CHORDODES (Creplin) Möbius.
13, C. morgani, n. sp.
Fig. 94, Plate 12 ; Figs. 95-100, Plate 13.
(1 female, type, in my possession, from Maryland; a second female from
Iowa in the Harvard coll. no. 1470.)
Description of the Type Specimen. Form: Perfectly cylindrical without
median lines. Anterior end gradually attenuated, head (Fig. 98) Inuch nar-
rower than the posterior end, rounded. Tail end (Fig. 97) swollen, obtuse
posteriorly, the swelling most pronounced on the ventral aspect. Cuticle :
With three kinds of prominences (Figs. 99, 100): (1) Larger tubercles which
are about twice as high as broad, nearly circular on cross section, and rounded
apically; these bear no hairs, and are distributed at nearly equal distances on
the surface of the cuticle, with only a slight tendency to arrange themselves
into disjointed groups. (2) Smaller tubercles, which are pointed at the apex
and more or less conical in form; these vary considerably in height, but are
never more than a quarter the height of the preceding kind. Each bears on its
sunmit a single delicate hair. These tubercles are arranged quite densely on
the surface of the cuticle, and the larger ones among them are grouped closely
around the tubercles of the 1st order; in the median line of the body they are
more numerous, especially the larger ones of them, which form groups be-
tween as well as around the tubercles of the 1st order. (3) Delicate slender
hyaline processes, frequently club-shaped, which occur only sparsely, and are a
little higher than the first kind of tubercles. Color: A uniform yellowish
brown. Dimensions: length, 222 mm. ; greatest diameter of body, 1.1 mm.
Description of the Second Specimen. Form: Anterior end pointed, and head
tip (Fig. 94) rounded as in the preceding, but on the ventral surface of the
head, to each side of the median line, is a short longitudinal groove. Body
nearly cylindrical, with narrow but deep median grooves; on a portion of
the surface there are likewise irregular longitudinal grooves. Posterior end
(Figs. 95, 96) swollen, though of less diameter than the body at its middle
point; this distal swelling is of greater diameter than the dorso-ventrally
flattened portion of the body which immediately precedes it. The posterior
end is truncated terminally, and near the centre of this terminal aspect
(Fig. 96) is situated the cloacal aperture at the middle point of a vertical
ridge, to each side of which is a groove. On the dorso-lateral sides of the
posterior end larger and deeper grooves are situated. Color: A uniform dull
chocolate-brown, the terminal aspect of the head somewhat lighter in color,
48
BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
Cuticle: as in the preceding specimen. Dimensions: length, 158 mm.;
greatest diameter of body, 9 mm.
Especial Diagnostic Characters. The peculiarities of the cuticular tubercles,
and the uniform coloration.
Comparisons. The papillæ of the cuticle have some resemblance to those of
C. hamatus Römer, from West Africa. But the arrangement and form of the
papillæ of the latter form is not quite the same, judging from Römer's (196)
description of them : “ Die Haut ist mit Papillen bedeckt von der Form
kleiner Hügel und spitzer Zacken. Sie sind ganz niedrig ; ihre Form ist
nicht gleichmässig, auch ihre Entfernung von einander nicht die gleiche, aber
sie haben im allgemeinen denselben Habitus. . . . Kopfende des Weibchens
stark zugespitzt.”
Thus far only two specimens observed, from Iowa and Maryland, respectively.
I have the pleasure of naming this species in honor of my friend Dr. Thos.
H. Morgan, of Bryn Mawr College, who kindly gave me the first specimen
seen,
14. C. puerilis, n. sp.
Figs. 101-105, 6, Plate 13.
(Type, 1 male: Leidy coll. no. 5071, from a cockroach. A second male se-
cured by me in Chester County, Pennsylvania.)
Form. Anterior portion of the body more slender than the posterior.
Head end (Figs. 101, 102) dorso-ventrally flattened, obliquely truncated ter-
minally, mouth opening terminal. Middle and posterior portions of the
body horizontally flattened in the larger specimen, cylindrical in the smaller.
Posterior end of the body (Fig. 103) narrower than the preceding part, almost
cylindrical, terminally rounded; a median groove is present on its ventro-
terminal end, and to each side of this groove the integument forms a slightly
elevated ridge.
Cuticle. With four kinds of prominences (Fig. 105,6): (1) the largest tuber-
cles, usually of a rounded-conical shape, but vary somewhat in length (the
length is usually one third greater than the largest diameter, which is at the
base). On the rounded apex occur short, rather thick hairs, terminally
pointed, from 5 to 10 hairs to each tubercle. (2) Long hyaline, slender pro-
cesses, which vary considerably in form, but are usually either finger-shaped or
club-shaped; these are the highest and least abundant of all cuticular promi-
nences, and are devoid of hairs. (3) These most abundant tubercles are usu-
ally conical in shape, and from one fourth to one half the length of the first
kind; each bears on its summit a single strong hair, which is slightly longer
than the hairs of the 1st kind of tubercles. (4) The smallest tubercles are not
quite as high as the preceding kind, are hemispherical, and without hairs. On
surface views of the cuticle (Figs. 104, 105, a) the various kind of tubercles are
seen to be closely arranged together, without any regular distribution into
groups. All these tubercles are very small, and may be distinguished clearly
only on thin sections studied with the immersion lens of Zeiss.
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
49
Color. A more or less deep chocolate-brown, somewhat lighter on the
anterior end; head (not merely its terminal tip) almost white.
Dimensions. Length of the larger individual, 212 mm.; greatest diameter of
body, 1 mm.
Especial Diagnostic Characters. The three kinds of minute papillæ, which
are not arranged into particular groups, furnish the chief diagnostic character.
Comparisons. This species differs in the characters of its cuticle from all
foreign species of the genus. These characters appear to resemble those de-
scribed by Camerano ('97, b) for C. talensis ; but the description of this author
is difficult to understand, and is without figures, so that it seems justifiable to
class our species as new, at least until further descriptions and figures of
talensis are published.
15. C. gordioides, n. sp.
Figs. 106, 107, Plate 13; Figs. 108-110, Plate 14.
(Types, males and 1 female: coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Hayden's Survey,
S. Montana.)
Form of Male. Anterior end slender, cylindrical, attenuated, head (Fig. 108)
somewhat conical with obtusely truncated tip; mouth terminal. Body for
the most part cylindrical, without well marked median grooves; thickest in
the posterior fourth. Posterior end, for the distance of 10 mm., consider-
ably narrower than the immediately preceding portion, and slightly flat-
tened dorso-ventrally. Cloacal aperture on the ventral surface (Fig. 110),
anterior to the posterior tip of the body; just anterior to this aperture is a
slightly elevated semilunar ridge. In the medio-ventral line of the body,
behind the cloacal aperture, is a shallow groove, to each side of which is a
longitudinal prominence. The posterior end of the body is rounded termi-
nally.
Form of Female. General form as in the male, the body thickest in the mid-
dle, narrowed anteriorly, more or less flattened posteriorly. Posterior end
(Fig. 109, a, b) enlarged, somewhat spherical, constricted off froin the imme-
diately preceding portion of the body; cloacal aperture terminal, nearer the
dorsal than the ventral side.
Cuticle. With low flattened tubercles, but little higher than the areole of
Gordius densareolatus. On surface views (Fig. 107) these appear sınall, ovoid
.
what in size, and are often much elongated. They have a tendency to arrange
themselves into parallel rows, contiguous rows being well separated from one
another; the direction of these rows is slightly oblique to the transverse axis of
the body, and their component tubercles are more or less confluent. Light
colored lines also are seen on the surface of the cuticle, the distances which sepa-
rate these lines being variable; these lines, the optical representations of shallow
grooves, demarcate rhomb-shaped portions of the cuticle. On cross sections
(Fig. 106) the tubercles are seen to be low, and usually flattened apically, with
50
BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
rounded margins ; occurring at intervals, but sparsely, are club-shaped slender
hyaline processes such as are characteristic of the genus, and these are about
double the height of the tubercles; and also small inter-tubercular groups of
short, spiniform hairs.
Color. In the males the head is yellowish white, with a narrow black ring (ap-
pearing like a spot) immediately around the mouth; the rest of the body a deep
chocolate-color, or rufous-brown, with evidences of lighter brown bands and
spots on the posterior end, though these spots were absent in one individual;
in the sinallest male the body color was a clear yellowish brown. In the
single female specimen a black ring immediately surrounded the mouth open-
ing; but the rest of the body is a clear yellow, the head and posterior tip of
the body somewhat lighter.
Dimensions. Length of largest male, 215 mm.; greatest diameter, 1.3 mm.
Length of female, 150 mm.; greatest diameter, .8 mm.
Diagnostic Characters. The presence of flattened tubercles, resembling the
cuticular areoles of the genus Gordius, none of which have a light spot on the
surface, and which tend to arrange themselves into irregular oblique rows, and
the presence of inter-tubercular groups of small hairs, serve to distinguish this
species.
Comparisons. This species resembles most closely C. occidentalis, n. sp.
(q. v.). It also bears some resemblance to C. moluccanus Römer ('96), but
differs from the latter in the form and more especially the arrangement of
the tubercles of the cuticle, and in the swelling of the posterior' end of the
female.
The cuticle of this species resembles that of a Gordius rather than that of a
Chordodes, except that it shows the typical hyaline processes of the latter
genus ; and since its cuticle thus unites characters of these two genera, the
specific name gordioides is suggested.
16. C. occidentalis, n. sp.
Figs. 111-114, Plate 14; Figs. 115-119, Plate 15.
, (Type 1 male : Harvard coll. no. 1469, San Francisco, Cal. A second male :
Harvard coll. no. 1481, Rio Gila, Arizona.)
Form. Whole body much flattened dorso-ventrally, with the exception of
the posterior end, in the type without, in the second specimen with, shallow
median grooves; anterior and posterior ends narrower than the middle portion
of the body, though the anterior end is attenuated only for a distance of about
1 cm. Head (Figs. 111, a, b) flattened, conical, the tip rounded or else obtusely
truncated, and then the dorsal margin projects farther forward than does the
ventral. Mouth terminal. In the second specimen (Figs. 114, a, b) a Y-shaped
ridge is situated on the terminal aspect of the head, the mouth placed at the
point of union of the three arms of the Y; the unpaired arm of this Y-shaped
ridge runs from the mouth mediad and dorsal, the paired arms latero-ventrad.
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
51
Posterior end of the body is nearly cylindrical, somewhat flattened ventrally,
and terminally either rounded or obliquely truncated. On the medio-ventral
surface of the posterior end (Figs. 112, 113, 0, b) is a shallow groove, which
extends from the cloacal aperture caudad to the distal end of the body, and to
each side of this groove is a longitudinal ridge of slight elevation.
Cuticle. On surface view (in Canada balsam) two kinds of low, flattened
tubercles or areoles are to be seen (Figs. 115, 117): (1) The larger (those of
greater diameter) are darker in color, and either elongate (in one specimen) or
rounded-polygonal in outline. In the median line of the body they are smaller
and more densely arranged than elsewhere. In one specimen (the type, Fig.
115) these areoles were non-confluent; but in the other they show a tendency
to group themselves in interrupted, transverse rows, and consequently are
more elongate in form than in the former (type) specimen. On the surface of
some of the larger areoles is seen a small, circular clear spot, in the centre of
which appears a small granule ; sections show that this spot is a pit on the
surface of the tubercle, which is nearly filled with a small rounded-conical
process; those tubercles on the lateral surfaces of the body which contain such
clear spots, and they are few in number, are usually dumbbell-shaped in outline,
and their clear spots are smaller than those of the median tubercles, in which
they occur more frequently. (2) Smaller, lighter colored tubercles, much
more variable in form and size than the preceding, and which are irregularly
arranged between the former kind. In one of the specimens a system of oblique
lines is seen on the surface of the cuticle, and these lines are peculiar in that
they do not lie between rows of areoles, but appear to run right across their
surface (Fig. 117).
On transverse section of the cuticle two kinds of tubercles are seen, corre-
sponding to the two kinds seen on surface views (Fig. 116): (1) Low tuber-
cles of greater diameter, which are flattened apically, and have no projections.
(2) Tubercles of smaller diameter, very irregular in form, and usually of
slightly less elevation than the preceding; these correspond to the smaller,
lighter tubercles seen on surface views. The apex of these is not flattened, but
more or less irregularly rounded ; from the summit project upwards short
conical or spiniform processes, which are exceedingly variable in form, some-
times cleft or pectinate terminally, though most of them are largest at the base
and pointed at the apex. Rarely is there only a single process to a tubercle :
as a rule there are a number, and on the tubercles of the dorso-median line of
the body they are more numerous than elsewhere. In addition to these two
kinds of tubercles are seen on sections, though only sparsely, hyaline club-
shaped processes.
Color of type specimen : black, at the anterior end of the body with a
reddish tinge; the tip of the head yellowish white. The second specimen was
of a deep rufous-brown color, lighter at the anterior tip of the body, and
blackish at the posterior end.
Dimensions. Length of larger individual (type), 255 mm.; greatest diameter,
-1.5 mm.
BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOÖLOGY.
Especial Diagnostic Characters. The presence of two kinds of slightly elevated
tubercles on the cuticle : tubercles of greater diameter with smooth summit, a
few of which have an apical clear spot; and tubercles of smaller diameter and
usually less elevation, the surface of which is not smooth, but with more or less
numerous conical or spiniform short processes.
Comparisons. This species is more closely allied to C. gordioides than to
any other, but differs from it in the following points : the presence of tubercles
whose surface bears short processes, the presence of clear spots on the surface of
some of the smooth tubercles, and the absence of groups of inter-tubercular
hairs; there are also differences in coloration, such as the absence of a black
ring around the mouth aperture, and the much darker color of the body.
17. C. cubanensis, n. sp.
Figs. 118-123, Plate 15.
(Type of Female : Harvard coll. 1466, Cuba. Type of Male: Harvard coll.
1466 d, Cuba.)
Form of Male. Body nearly cylindrical, without well marked median
grooves; anterior end slightly attenuated. Head (Fig. 123) very narrow,
truncated apically, slightly concave on the terminal aspect; on the ventral
surface alone is there a constriction separating the head from the body. Pos-
terior end (Fig. 122) flattened on the ventral surface, with a median groove
behind the cloacal aperture; this groove is broadest and deepest at the ventro-
terminal point of the body ; just behind the cloacal aperture is a transverse
semilunar ridge.
Form of Female. Larger and more robust than the male, the shape of the
anterior portion of the body otherwise similar. Head (Fig. 120) rounded at
the apex, mouth nearer the ventral than the dorsal margin of the head. Pos-
terior portion of the body (Fig. 121) narrower than the middle, but the
extreme distal end is swollen, and of greater diameter than the part immedi.
ately preceding. This posterior end is obliquely truncated, the dorso-terminal
margin projecting farther caudad than the ventro-terminal; the swelling is
most pronounced on the ventral side.
Cuticle (Fig. 119). With papillæ of three kinds, besides hyaline processes ;
though it is difficult to distinguish sharply between these kinds since they
seem to intergrade. The hyaline processes have the same form as in most
other species of the genus, and are slender club-shaped processes, slightly
swollen and rounded at the apex ; they are about the height of the highest
papillæ. Ist Kind of Papillo: The smallest, least elevated, and most numer:
ous of all occur close together between the groups of larger papillæ, and also
in the latter groups. They are pyramidal or somewhat elongate-conical on
lateral view, pointed at the apex which bears a single (rarely two) long, deli-
cate, usually curved spine; this spine is thickest at the base and sometimes
recurved at the tip. A modification of these tubercles attains nearly the height
of the largest papillæ. 2d Kind of Papillæ : These, the second in point of
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
i
53
numerical abundance, occur usually in groups close together. They are much
larger than the preceding, round on cross section, usually considerably longer
than broad, slightly thickened at the base but with nearly parallel sides, and
with rounded summit. In a few cases the sides of these papillæ may be some-
what denticulate. On the margin of the rounded or flattened apex occur from
three to six short thick spines, which are broadest at the base and pointed
at the tip; these spines curve upwards and outwards, and are shorter and
thicker than those of the preceding category of papillæ. These papillæ vary
considerably in form, and sometimes are nearly square in lateral outline.
3d Kind of Papillæ : These are of the same form and size as the preceding,
but are less numerous (the groups which they compose are smaller), and differ
from them in the absence of spines on their summits; the apex of most of them
is elliptically rounded, rarely flattened, and then somewhat denticulate with
short conical processes; some of these papillæ are expanded at the summit.
On surface views (Fig. 118) of the cuticle, seen with a low power of magnifi-
cation, only the second and third kinds of papillæ are seen, and they appear as
sinall brown disks with a clearer central point. The cuticle of the male differs
from" that of the female only in that the larger kinds of papillæ are less
abundant, and the groups formed by them smaller.
Color. The males are uniform pitch-black, the head somewhat lighter; in
the female the whole body is deep black.
Dimensions. Length of largest male, 165 mm.; greatest diameter, 1 mm.
Length of female, 280 mm.; greatest diameter of body, 1.6 mm.; greatest
diameter of tail swelling, 1 mm.
Especial Diagnostic Characters. The dense arrangement of the usually
pencil-shaped papillæ, and the union of the larger of them into large and
irregular groups, together with the black color of the body, serve to distinguish
this form.
Comparisons. In color this species resembles C. brasiliensis Janda, and
C. feste Camer. ; but it differs from the former as well as from C. morgani, n. sp.,
in the form and arrangement of the papillæ. In the structure of the cuticular
papillæ it also differs from festa, judging from Camerano's description: but
unfortunately most of the South American Gordiacea described by this author
have not been figured, and for a clear understanding of the form and arrange-
ment of areoles and papillæ figures are absolutely necessary.
POSTSCRIPT. — The preceding descriptions of body form, color, and dimen-
sions have been based entirely upon a study of alcoholic specimens, with the
consequence that the particulars in regard to coloration and dimensions could
be only approximately ascertained, since the action of the alcohol would prob-
ably produce shrinkage, and certainly obscures the brightness of the coloration.
Formaline would probably be a superior fluid for the preservation of museum
specimens. For purposes of histological fixation rapidly penetrating fluids are
necessary, such as picro-formaline or picro-nitric acid.
VOL. XXXII. — NO. 3.
BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
APPENDIX.
Since the preceding was sent to press (on the 16th August, 1897) I have re-
ceived from Professor Camerano the following important contribution by him:
“ Monografia dei Gordii” (Accademia Reale delle Scienze di Torino, 1897).
This paper furnishes descriptions and revisions of all known species of Gordi-
acea, with illustrations of all those described by Camerano, and is especially
valuable on this account from the systematic standpoint. To the already
known genera Gordius and Chordodes, this author adds two others, namely,
Paragordius and Parachordodes. Paragordius embraces, according to Camerano,
G. tricuspidatus (Dufour), G. emeryi Cam., G. stylosus Linstow, and G. varius
Leidy. He characterizes it as follows: “L'estremità posteriore del è bifor-
cata al di là dell'apertura postcloacale con lobi profondamente separati fra
loro: non vi è lamina cutanea postcloacale. L'estremità posteriore della gė
divisa in tre lobi postcloacali profondamente separati fra loro i quali circondano
l'apertura cloacale. Lo strato cuticolare esterno presenta delle formazioni
areolari di una sola seria e pochissimo sporgenti, irregolarmente disposte; non
vi sono granuli o tubercoli rifrangenti interareolari.” By an unusual coinci-
dence, I had in the preceding pages proposed the same name, Paragordius, to
include Leidy's species Gordius varius, so that independently of one another
Camerano and I have founded a new genus, and given it the same name for
the same species. By the rules of priority in nomenclature, however, Camerano's
publication having appeared first, the genus must stand Paragordius Camerano,
not Montgomery. But the diagnostic given by Camerano for this new species
is not very well chosen, for in it the only character of possible genetic value
mentioned is the trilobation of the posterior end in the female; this character
is of doubtful generic value, since in Gordius tolosanus Duj. the posterior end
of the female is somewhat lobed, though in this case the lobation is genér-
ally regarded as only a specific character! I think the characters described
above by me as diagnostic of the new genus, — namely, the structure of the
cloaca in the female and the absence of a cloacal musculature in the male, - are
of higher value, and accordingly should constitute the diagnostic of the genus.
The second new genus of Camerano is characterized thus (Parachordodes):
“Estremità posteriore del 3 biforcata al di là apertura cloacale, con lobi pro-
tremità posteriore della è intiera coll'apertura cloacale mediana collocata in
un solco dorso ventrale più o meno profondo. Strato cuticolare esterno meno
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
55
complicato che nel genere Chordodes : ora con una sola sorta di formazioni
areolari, ora con formazioni areolari di due sorta: le une più basse e chiare: e
le altre un po' più elevate e scure che stanno intorno allo sbocco dei canaletti
che attraversano gli strati cuticolari: fra le areole spesso vi sono granuli o
tubercoli rifrangenti.” Parachordodes thus differs from Gordius merely in re-
gard to cuticular structures, and I cannot consider that such differences warrant
the separation of a new genus. For in the Gordiacea the cuticular differences
have little more than specific value, as is well shown by the fact that the
cuticle may show marked differences in different individuals of the same
species. If more important differences than these be subsequently determined,
then, and not until then, does it seem justifiable to me to recognize Parachor-
dodes as a well defined genus; and hence it should for the present be retracted
into Gordius. (A preliminary to this monograph was published by Camerano
in the Zool. Anzeiger for August, 1897, with the title “Nuova classificazione
dei Gordii.”) In this paper are given figures of the cuticle of Chordodes
talensis Cam., which represent its structure as quite different from that of my
new species, C. puerilis.
Here may also be mentioned certain papers on American Gordiacea which
had been omitted in the preceding pages.
Girard (1851, “Historical Sketch of Gordiacea," Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 5) mentions a specimen caught at Richmond, Virginia, and
several collected in Oregon by the U. S. Exploring Expedition.
Sanford (1853, “On some points in the History of Gordius,” Proc. Amer.
Assoc. Sci.) collected some specimens from crickets (Gryllidæ).
Thompson (1853, “ History of Vermont,” Burlington) states that Gordii are
very common in still waters and mud in that State.
White (1859, “ Gordius trifurcatus, n. sp.," Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 7)
gives the following description of this species, which may possibly be referable
to the of Paragordius varius (Leidy): “ Male. Length, 5 inches; diameter,
line; shape uniformly cylindrical; head obtusely conical; posterior end
divided into two long and narrow lobes, and one shorter and broader lobe, in-
curved and fringed with short thick hairs. At base of larger lobe is the genital
opening, from which the spermatozoa are seen escaping with extremely long
tails. Color uniformly light brown. . . . It does not answer to either of the
two described by Dr. Leidy."
Clementi (1869, “ Hair Snakes," Canadian Entomologist) found Gordii (1)
in a large spider.
Leidy (1870,- The Gordius, or Hair-worm,” Amer. Entomol. and Botanist, 2)
gives a good description and some figures (the only figures published by him
of members of this group) of his G. varius. He considers the males of this
form, as previously described by him, to be really of two different species: in
the one (varius) the forks of the tail are thick, with a crescentic fold above the
genital pore. In the other males (G. longilobatus, n. sp.)“ the forks of the tail
are two or three times the length of the thickness of the body, and the forks do
56
: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
TS
BULLETINtermed " varius” is really G. aquaticus robustus, while" longilobatus” is the true
Paragordius varius.)
· Leidy (1871, “ Notice of some Worms,” Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia)
describes as “Gordius lacustris" several specimens from Kansas; but“lacus.
tris” is certainly a misprint for “robustus,” since the papers to which he refers
for the preceding name make no mention of it.
Garman (1886, “ Amblystoma and Gordius,” Science Observer, Boston Sci.
Soc., cited by Camerano) mentions a Gordius found in Amblystoma.
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
57
LITERATURE LIST.
Baird, W.
53. Descriptions of some new Species of Entozoa, from the Collection of
the British Museum. Proc. Zoöl. Soc. London, 21.
Camerano, L.
'90. Intorno ad una specie di Gordius (G. æneus Villot) raccolta dal Sig.
G. B. Anselmo in Venezuela e intorno alle specie di quaesto genere fino
ad ora descritte dell'America meridionale. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
(2) 10.
Camerano, L.
'92. Descrizione di una nuova specie del genere Gordius di Palmeira (Paranà)
raccolta dal Dott. Franco Grillo. Ibid.
Camerano, L.
'93. Sur quelques Gordiens nouveaux ou peu connus. Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, 18.
Camerano, L.
'94. Viaggio del dottor Alfredo Borelli nella Republica Argentina e nel
Paraguay. Boll. Mus. zool. Anat. comp. Torino, 9.
Camerano, L.
'95. Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Gordius du Chili. Actes de la
Soc. Sci. du Chili, 5.
Camerano, L.
'96. Descrizione di una nuova specie di Gordio del Basso Beni (Bolivia)
raccolta dal Prof. L. Balzan. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 16 (36).
Camerano, L.
'974. Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nella Repubblica dell' Ecuador e regioni
vicine. Boll. Mus. Zool. ed. Anat. comp. Univ. Torino, 12.
Camerano, L.
'976. Viaggio del Dott. Alfredo Borelli nel Chaco boliviano e nella Repub-
blica Argentina, Gordii. Ibid.
Creplin, C. H.
'47. In Froriep's Notizen a. d. Gebiete d. Natur- und Heilkunde, Weimar,
55.
58
BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
Diesing, K. M.
'51. Systema helminthum. Vol. 2. Vindob.
Diesing, K. M.
'61. Revision der Nomatoden. Sitzb. k. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 42.
Gay, C.
'48. Historia fisica y politica de Chile, etc. Zoologia, Tom. 3. Paris.
Goeldi, E. A.
'94. Breva noticia acerca de alguns Vermes interessantes do Brazil. Bol.
. Mus. Paraense, 1.
Janda, J.
93. Beiträge zur Systematik der Gordíiden. Spengel's Zool. Jahrb., Abth.
f. System., 7.
Jeffrey-Bell.
'85. Note on a Nematode Worm obtained by M. H. H. Johnston on Kili-
manjaro. Proc. Zool. Soc. London.
Leidy, J.
.:.:. '50. Note on the Development of Gordius aquaticus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 5.
Leidy, J.
'51. Gordiaceæ. Ibid.
Leidy, J.
'53, A Flora and Fauna within Living Animals. Smithsonian Contribu-
tions, 5.
Leidy, J.
'56. A Synopsis of Entozoa and some of their Ecto-congeners observed by
the Author. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8.
Leidy, J.
57. (No title.) Ibid.
Leidy, J.
'58. Contributions to Helminthology. Ibid.
Leidy, J.
"79. On Gordius and some Parasites of the Rat. Ibid., and Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. 3.
Möbius, K.
'55. Chordodes pilosus, ein Wurm aus der Familie der Gordiaceen. Zeit.
wiss. Zool., 6.
Montgomery, T. H., Jr.
'98. Descriptions of two new Exotic Species of Chordodes. Spengel's Zool.
Jahrb.
Oerley, L. .
'81. On Hair-worms in the Collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag
Nat. Hist., (5) 8.
TY
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA.
.
59
Römer, F.
'95. Die Gordiiden des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. Spengel's
Zool. Jahrb., Abth. f. System., 8.
Römer, F.
'96. Beitrag zur Systematik der Gordiiden. Abh. Senckenberg. naturforsch.
Ges., 23.
Schneider, A.
'66. Monographie der Nematoden. Berlin.
Villot, A.
"74. Monographie des Dragonneaux (Genre Gordius, Dujardin). Arch.
Zool. gen. et expér., 3.
Villot, A.
'87. Révision des Gordiens. Ann. Sci. Nat, (7), 1.
Weyenbergh, D. H.
"79. Descripciones de nuevos Gusanos. Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Argentina, 3..
MONTGOMERY. — Gordiacea.'
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
All the figures have been drawn with the aid of the camera lucida, unless other-
wise specified. The microscope and lenses of Zeiss were used; almost all the
contour figures of the body have been drawn with oc. 2, obj. A; and the majority
of the surface figures of the cuticle with oc. 4, obj. C.
PLATE 1.
Gordius aquaticus robustus.
Fig. 1. Male, ventral view of posterior end (A, 4).
Fig. 2. Idem, head end (A, 2).
Fig. 3. Male, oblique ventral view of posterior end (Harvard coll. 290, A, 2).
Fig. 4. Lateral view of the preceding, from the left side.
Fig. 5. Male, ventral view of posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 6. Male, ventral view of head end; the transverse curved line shows the
posterior extension of the white area (A, 2).
MONTGOMERY-GORDIACEA
PLATE 1.




THM Ir dei
B Meiseith Bowen
MONTGOMERY. — Gordiacea.
PLATE 2
G. aquaticus robustus.
Fig. 7. Female, ventral view of posterior end; a portion of the brown ring around
. . the anus is to be seen (A, 2).
Fig. 8. Female, posterior end, showing the ring of brown color around the cloacal
aperture (A, 2).
Fig. 9. Male, antero-ventral view of the head end, showing the grooves on the
surface (A, 2).
Fig. 10. Idem, lateral view.
Fig. 11. Female, head end (A, 2).
Fig. 12. Surface view of the cuticle, Canada balsam, the finest lines drawn only in
one portion (C, 4).
MONTGOMERY-GORDIACEA.
PLATE 2






THM Jr del
Meisel leth Boston
MONTGOMERY. - Gordiacea.
PLATE 3.
Fig. 13. G. aquaticus robustus. Surface view of the cuticle of a male, the intra-
rhombic intersecting lines not reproduced (C, 4).
Fig. 14. G. aquaticus difficilis, n. subsp. Male, head end, from the type (A, 2).
Fig. 15. Idem, oblique lateral view of the posterior end (A, 2).
Figs. 16–19, G. aquaticus robustus.
Fig. 16. Male, surface view of the cuticle, Canada balsam (C, 4).
Fig. 17. Female, head end (A, 2).
Fig. 18.. Male, cross section through the body in the plane of the cloacal aperture.
Cut., cuticula; Epi., epidermis ; Musc., longitudinal musculature of the
body wall; Cl. Musc., cloacal musculature; Cn. t., connective tissue ;
N., branches of the ventral nerve chord; Cl. Ap., cloacal aperture
(C, 2).
Fig. 19. Male, ventral view of posterior end (A, 2).
MONTCOME PY GORDIACEA
PLATE 3.



Wis

MONTGOMERY. - Gordiacea.
PLATE 4.
Figs. 20-31, Gordius lineatus Leidy.
Fig. 20. Female, antero-ventral view of head end (A, 2).
Fig. 21. Male (type), head end (A, 2).
Fig. 22. Female (type), lateral view of posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 23. Female, posterior end, the cloacal epithelium apparently extruded (A, 2).
Fig. 24. Male (type), lateral view of the posterior end (A, 4).
Fig. 25. Idem, ventral view (A, 2).
Fig. 26. Male, oblique lateral view of posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 27. Male, ventral view of posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 28. Female (type), termino-ventral view of posterior end, showing the colored
ring around the cloacal aperture (A, 2).
Fig. 29a. Male (type), transverse section of the cuticle (immers. 12, 2).
Fig. 296. Idem, surface view (C, 4).
Fig. 30. Male, surface view of cuticle (C, 4).
Fig. 31. Female, transverse section of cuticle (immers. 1, 2).
Figs.. 32, 33, G. densareolatus, n. sp.
Fig. 32. Female, surface view of cuticle (C, 4).
Fig. 33. Transverse section of the cuticle of the same specimen (immers. 11, 2).
MONTGOMERY-GORDIACEA
Pr.ATE 4.



200

THM Irod
MONTGOMERY. - Gordiacea.
PLATE 5.
G. densureolatus, n. sp.
Fig. 34. Female, head end (A, 2).
Fig. 35. Female (type), head end (A, 2).
Fig. 36. Male (type), oblique lateral view of posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 37. Idem, ventral view.
Fig. 38. Female (type), posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 39. Female, posterior end rendered transparent by cedar oil, the intestine and
a portion of the atrium and oviducts are seen. The transverse line
represents the edge of the extruded cloacal epithelium (A, 2).
MONTGOMERY-GORDIACEA.
PLATE 5

THM Jr del
B. Metellith Boston
MONTGOMERY. — Gordiacea.
PLATE 6.
G. platycephalus, n. sp.
Fig. 40. Male (type), head end (A, 2).
Fig. 41. Idem, ventral view of posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 42. Female: a, oblique ventral view of posterior end; b, dorsal view of head
end; C, lateral view of head end (A, 2).
Fig. 43. Female (type), ventral view of posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 44. Idem, lateral view.
Fig. 45. Female (type), head end seen in its broadest plane of expansion (A, 2).
MONTGOMERY-GORDIACEA
PLATE 6.


426

4.20
THM Jr del
B. Mesel lith Buston
MONTGOMERY. Gordiacea.
PLATE 7.
Figs. 46–49, G. platycephalus, n. sp.
Fig. 46a. Female, surface view of cuticle (C, 4).
Fig. 466. Transverse section of the cuticle of the same individual (immers. 1, 2).
Fig. 47. Female (type), surface view of cuticle (C, 4).
Fig. 48. Female, transverse section of cuticle (immers. 12, 2).
Fig. 49. Male (type), transverse section of cuticle (immers. 12, 2).
Figs. 50-52, G. platyurus Baird. Female.
Fig. 50. Surface view of cuticle, the finest intersecting lines reproduced at only
one place (C, 4).
Fig. 51. Posterior end, free hand drawing. * about 4.
Fig. 52. Head end (A, 2).
Figs. 53–55, G. leidyi, n. sp. Female.
Fig. 53. Dorsal view of the head (A, 2).
Fig. 54. Transverse section of the cuticle (immers. 1., 2).
Fig. 55. Surface view of cuticle (C, 4).
MONTGOMERY-GORDIACEA
PLATE 7.
166
ΑΜΑΛΙ. σε

50.
54:
THM Jr del
B Meisel lith Boston
MONTGOMERY. — Gordiacea.
PLATE 8.
Figs. 56–59, G. leidyi, n. sp. Female (type).
Fig. 56. Dorsal view of posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 57. Idem, termino-ventral view.
Fig. 58. Idem, oblique lateral view.
Fig. 59. Surface view of cuticle (C. 4).
Figs. 60-62, G. violaceus Baird (?). Female (Harvard coll. no. 1465).
Fig. 60. Posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 61. Head end (A, 2).
Fig. 62. Surface view of cuticle (C, 4).
MONTGOMERY:GORDIACEA,
PLATE 8.

56.
57
THM ir del
B Meisel lith Boston
MONTGOMERY. —Gordiacea.
PLATE 9.
Figs. 63–66, G. agassizi, n. sp. Male (type).
Fig. 63. Dorsal view of anterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 64. Surface view of cuticle (seen in alcohol, A, 4).
Fig. 65. Posterior end of the body, the tail lobes seen from the right side, the pre-
ceding portion of the body from the latero-ventral aspect (A, 2).
Fig. 66. Posterior end, tail lobes seen from the termino-dorsal aspect, the preced-
ing portion of the body from the ventral (A, 2)..
Figs. 67-69, G. capitosulcatus, n. sp. Male (type).
Fig. 67. Terminal aspect of head end, its ventral edge towards the bottom of the
page (A, 2).
Fig. 68. Surface view of cuticle (C, 4).
Fig. 69. Dorsal view of head end (A, 2).
MONTGOMERY: GORDÍACEA.
PLATE 9.

64
THM JT del
B Mercellith Busten
MONTGOMERY. - Gordiacea.
PLATE 10.
Fig. 70. G. capitosulcatus, n. sp. Male (type), oblique ventral view of the posterior
end (A, 2).
Figs. 71-74, G. paranensis Camer.
Fig. 71. Female, termino-ventral view of the posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 72. Male, posterior end: a, oblique ventral view ; ), oblique lateral view
(A, 2).
Fig. 73. Male, head end (A, 2).
Fig. 74. Male, head end (A, 4).
MONTGOMERY-GORDIACEA
PLATE 10.

73
THM Jr del
B. Meisel lith, Boston
MONTGOMERY. – Gordiacea.
PLATE 11.
Figs. 75–77, G. violaceus Baird (?). Female, Harvard coll. no. 1466 c.
Fig. 75. Latero-ventral view of posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 76. Head end (A, 2).
Fig. 77. Transverse section of cuticle (immers. 1, 2).
Figs. 78–85, Paragordius varius (Leidy).
Fig. 78. Male, transverse section through the plane of the cloacal aperture. Cut.,
cuticle; Epi., epidermis ; Musc., longitudinal musculature of the body
wall; Par., parenchym; N., branches of the ventral nerve chord; Cl.
Ap., cloacal aperture (C, 2).
Fig. 79. Female, transverse section through the body in the plane of the caudal
ganglion. Cl. Epi., cloacal epithelium ; N. Gl., ganglion of the ventral
nerve chord; the other lettering as in the preceding figure (C, 2).
Fig. 80. Female, cross section through the tail lobes near their proximal ends; the
median lobe is on the dorsal side (A, 2).
Fig. 81. Female, cross section of tail lobes near their distal ends (A, 2).
Fig. 82. Male, oblique dorsal view of head (A, 2).
Fig. 83. Female, head end: a, ventral view; b, dorsal view, showing two colored
stripes. The colored ring around the neck is shown in these figures
(A, 2),
Fig. 84. Female, ventral view of head end; the transverse line shows the posterior
limit of the white area (A, 2).
Fig. 85. Female, lateral view of lead end; the transverse line shows the posterior
limit of the white area (A, 2).
MONTGOMERY-GORDIACEA.
PLATE 11.


Cut
Ept. Muse
OLAN YN

Εμι
Muse
00000
Par:
0000000
0368300
C7 Ep.
Cl. Gut
080000
90
N GZ
82
838
THM Jr del
B. Mersel Nth Busion
MONTGOMERY. - Gordiacea.
PLATE 12.
Figs. 86-93, Paragordius varius (Leidy).
Fig. 86. Optical median section of the posterior end of the female, from a recon-
struction of sections (A, 2), to show the characteristic length of the
cloaca. The omitted portion x-y has about ten times the length of
the portion 2-2. T. l., tail lobes ; Cut., cuticle; Cl., cloaca; Cl. Ap.,
cloacal aperture; Atr., atrium (uterus); Ov. D., left oviduct; Int., in-
testine; Rec. S., receptaculum seminis.
Fig. 87. Male, oblique ventral view of posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 88. Female, posterior end from the dorsal side (A, 2).
Fig. 89. Female, oblique dorsal view of the posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 90. Female, dorsal view of the posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 91. Cuticle of a female : a, transverse section (inmers. 1, 2); b, surface view
(C, 4).
Fig. 92. Female, surface view of cuticle (C, 4).
Fig. 93. Male, surface view of cuticle (C, 4).
Fig. 94. Chordodes morgani, n. sp., female (Harvard coll. 1470). Head end from the
left side (A, 2).

MONTGOMERY GORDIACEA.
PLATE 12.
8.9
losos
91
976
93
n. Ap.
--Cut,
94
THM Jr del
B Meisel lth Boston
MONTGOMERY. -- Gordiacea.
PLATE 13.
Figs. 95-100, Chordodes morgani, n. sp., female; 95, 96, from Harvard coll. 1470;
97-100, from the type specimen.
Fig. 95. Posterior end from the right side (A, 2).
Fig. 96. Termino-lateral view of the posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 9.7. Lateral view of the posterior end, right side (A, 2).
Fig. 98. Head end (A, 2).
Fig. 99. Transverse section of the cuticle (immers. 1, 2).
Fig. 100. Surface view of the cuticle, from the side of the body (C, 4).
Figs. 101–105, 6, C. puerilis, n. sp., male. Figs. 101-104, from the type specimen;
105, a and b, from a specimen in my possession.
Fig. 101. Head end, dorsal view (A, 2).
Fig. 102. Idem, lateral view.
Fig. 103. Oblique ventral view of the posterior end (A, 2):
Fig. 104. Surface view of the cuticle (C, 4).
Fig. 105. Cuticle: a, surface view (C, 4); b, transverse section (immers. 12, 2).
Figs. 106, 107, C. gordioides, n. sp., male (type).
Fig. 106. Transverse section of the cuticle (immers. 12, 2).
V
surface (C, 4).
MONTGOMERY: GORDIACEA
PLATE 13.




99.

MU.
98.
2
1059
WW!
102
95.
DESCO3
106
THM.Ir del
B Meisel ith Boston
MONTGOMERY, -Gordiacea.
PLATE 14.
Figs. 108–110, C. gordioides, n. sp. (types).
Fig. 108. Male, head end (A, 2).
Fig. 109. Female, posterior end : a, ventral view; 6, lateral view (A, 2).
Fig. 110. Male, ventral view of posterior end (A, 2).
Figs. 111-114, C. occidentalis, n, sp., males.
Figs. 111, 112, from the type specimen.
Fig. 111. Head end : a, lateral view; b, dorsal view (A, 2).
Fig. 112. Lateral view of posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 113. Posterior end : a, oblique dorsal view'; 6, from the left side (A, 2).
Fig. 114. Head end : a, term 10-ventral view; b, from the left side (A, 2).
MONTGOMERY-GORDIACEA
PLATE 14


110
10%
1090


MI


112
11.36
///
THM Jr del
B. Meisel bith Buston
MONTGOMERY. - Gordiacea.
PLATE 15.
Figs. 115-117, C. occidentalis, n. sp., males, the first two from the type
specimen.
Fig. 115. Surface view of the cuticle, a line passing through X, x shows the median
plane of the body (C, 4).
Fig. 116. Transverse section through the cuticle in the dorso-median plane of the
body (immers. 1, 2).
Fig. 117. Surface view of the cuticle; the arrow denotes the line of the transverse
axis of the body (C, 4).
Figs. 118–123, C. cubanensis, n. sp. (types).
Fig. 118. Female, surface view of cuticle (C, 4).
Fig. 119. Female transverse section of cuticle (immers. 1, 4).
Fig. 120. Female, head end (A, 2).
Fig. 121. Female, posterior end from the left side (A, 2).
Fig. 122. Male, oblique ventral view of the posterior end (A, 2).
Fig. 123. Male, head end from the right side (A, 2).
MONTGOMERY. GORDIACEA
PLATE 15.

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