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Go ULD EN’s
äuferſuity Guilt.
CONTAINING
An Account of whatever is curious or worthy
*
of observation in and about that
A NCIENT CITY,
INCLUDING
*.
THE HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE

CATHE DRAL,
--- ANI)
ST, AUGUSTINE’s MoMASTERY,
ILLUSTRATED BY A MAP, SIX FACSIMILE ENGRAVINGS FROM
THE ORIGINALS OF T. S. COOPER, Esq., R.A., OF
CANTERBURY 70 YEARS ACO AND NUMEROUS PLATES.
H. J. GOULDEN,
STATIONERS’ HALL, THE PIANOFORTE MART.
40, High Street, 39, High Street,
Canterbury.
**
TO STRANGERS VISITING CANTERBURY. . .
Matins and Evensong at the Cathedral commence at Io a.m., and .
at 3 p.m., daily. During the months of N ovember, December, *.
january and February, the afternoon Service cominences at 4 o'clock,
excepting Saſurdays when it is at 3 o'clock.
.*
On Sunday Holy Communion at 8.15; Matins at Io.30 a.m.,
Evensong 3 p.m., and 6.30 p.m.
The Cathedral is open for public inspection from 9.30 a.m., till
close of Evening Service, except during the time of Service. Special
permission is required to ascend Bell Harry Towey. --
The Museum, Sidney Cooper Gallery of Art and Westgate are
open from Io till 4; admission free.
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CAN TER BURY GUIDE.
GENERAL SURVEY OF THE CITY.
ANTERBURY, named by the ancient British Derwhern, or
“the city of the swift river,” in allusion to the Stour
which flows through it, is situated on the high road
between London and Dover, being 56 miles from the former,
and 16 miles from the latter ; and about seven miles from the
sea shore.
During the occupation of the city by the Romans, it was
called Durovernum ; afterwards by the Saxons Cant-wara-byrig
or “the city of the men of Kent;” subsequently Cantuaria, from
which word is derived its present name. In Ptolemy's
“Geography” of Britain will be found the earliest mention of
Canterbury. He states that in the most eastern parts of
Britain are the Cantri, and enumerates the towns, among which
is Daruenum or Canterbury.
At the beginning of the Saxon Heptarchy, it was the “first
city of the kingdom of Kent, and the King's residence.”
The Ven. Bede calls it “the chief place of all the dominion of
King Ethelbert,” according to Matthew of Westminster, it
was “the head of the Empire.” and at the close of a charter of
Kenulph, King of Mercia A.D. 810, it is written, “ the famous
city, which of ancient name was called Durovernia.”
The foundation of the city is said to be before that of Rome
and from the remains which have been found, it was evidently
of considerable importance in the early time of the Romans.
Many antiquities have been discovered, among them may
be mentioned the Glainnaidr or Druidical beads, British
celts, numerous coins, and Roman pottery, arms, implements
and personal ornaments, tesselated pavements, and sepulchral
urns, in one of which was found a small statue of Latona
in gypsum, now in the Museum.
2 - " - vs *- " +
-
4. THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
Some Roman arched brickwork was discovered in the reign :
of Charles I. in digging a cellar in Castle Street; a foundation
of Roman bricks some of which measured 17% in, by I 13, was .
dug up in the parish of St. Alphage; a brass lachrymatory; *
and a fine Roman vase of red earth, with the inscription
TARGET DE TEVE, were found in 1739 near the city. In
the earlier part of the last century a Roman pavement of
Mosaic work was discovered in St Margaret's parish. In .
1739 another pavement was found near Jewry-lane, about
three feet below the level of the ground; and in 1868 a Roman .
pavement of Mosaic work was discovered in Burgate Street.
Also in the Museum.
Some writers believe that on the defeat of the Britons, the
morning after Caesar's second arrival, the city was taken and
kept by the 7th legion. It might afterwards have been
converted into a station, which was the case with
Camulodunum, Verulamium, Isurium, &c. Dr. Horsley
conceives that Caesar's first march, on his second descent, was
about twelve miles, in quest of the Britons, who, having retired
to a river. there gave battle to their enemies, but were defeated.
This was probably on the river Stour, to the north of
Canterbury, towards Sturry and Fordwich.
Canterbury has at various periods suffered severely from the
effects of fire and sword. In the year 754 the city was
much damaged by a conflagration ; it was again partly des-
troyed in 776. It was ravaged and taken possession of by
the Danes in 851. AElfleda in 918 besieged and burnt the
city, killing and expelling the piratical hordes who then held
it.
In IoII the Danes again laid siege to the city, which they
captured by assault, nearly everything was destroyed and of
8ooo inhabitants only four monks and 800 citizens escaped.
Notwithstanding these calamities, according to Stowe, it
exceeded London in its buildings at the period of the Norman
Conquest --
The city again became a prey to the flames in the reign of
Henry II (1161) not long after (1174) another fire broke out
which was so increased by a tempestuous wind that this place
together with most of the churches, fell a sacrifice to that
destructive element. In 1180 and 1247 the flames again laid
THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. 5
Canterbury in ashes; yet under such repeated misfortunes,
through the favour of various monarchs then reigning, and
particularly in having by a statute of 27th of Edward III.,
the staple of wool appointed here, as well as the patronage
of various Archbishops, who made this city their general
residence, together with the riches acquired at St. Thomas à
Becket's shrine from pilgrims of all ranks, and the numerous
nieetings of kings and princes here. Canterbury recovered its
calamities, and increased in splendour. This may in a great
measure be attributed to the beauty of its situation. William
of Malmesbury, who lived in the reign of Stephen, describes
the city as being “of moderate size, but renowned for its excel-
lent site, the richness of its soil, the perfect state of its
fortifications, the conveniences enjoyed in water and wood, as
well as the abundance of fish to be procured in consequence
of its proximity to the sea.”
The mayor and citizens under the reign of Edward IV.
petitioned the King for liberty to pave the principal streets,
which was granted, the expense to be defraycd by the citizens.
Leland, who wrote in the reign of Henry VIII., does not
mention that any decay or poverty was observable in the city
therefore it appears that until the suppression of the religious
establishments, and the removal of St. Thomas à Becket's
shrine, the city continued to enjoy wealth and prosperity in
a pre-eminent degree; but in a document of later date it is
cited “that notwithstanding its former prosperity, it had of
late fallen into great ruin and decay, and the inhabitants
thereof greatly impoverished.” -
Hasted observes, “I have (and I cannot but repeat it)
always read that whilst the beauty of holiness remained here
Canterbury continued in the smiles of prosperity, forgetting
the casualties it had so often felt by fire and sword ; but when
the storm of the Reformation burst on its religious houses and
brought on their dissolution the source of its high estimation
and wealth in a great measure fell with them; and, from great
opulence and reputation multitudes of inhabitants and beauti-
ful buildings in this city fell suddenly to extreme poverty,
nakedness and decay.
Towards the close of the reign of Edward VI., a large party
of foreigners designated “Walloons" settled in Canterbury on
account of its waters and its contiguity to London. They
6 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE,
followed the art of weaving silk, cotton, and woollen goods.
Queen Elizabeth, in 1561, granted the Walloons the Under-
croft of the Cathedral as a place of worship for themselves
and their successors. In the reign of Charles II there were
in Canterbury I 26 master weavers and 1,300 Walloons, who
employed 759 English, and by their industry increased the .
wealth and importance of the city.
Canterbury has at various times been visited by royal
personages. In I 129 Henry I. held his court here. In 1189,
William, King of Scotland, was received here by Richard I.
In 1204 King John, and in 1263 Henry III. celebrated here
the festival of Christmas. In the twenty-second year of
Edward III. a famous tournament was held in this, city,
which Dugdale describes as having been conducted with great
splendour. In 1413 Henry V. visited the city. In 1445 the
Queen of Henry VI. came as a pilgrim to the shrine of St.
Thomas à Becket, on which occasion she was presented at
Harbledown with £21. In 1450 Henry VI. was in Canterbury.
In 1483 Richard III. visited the city. In 1651 a dinner was
given to Cromwell, who in 1656 “was proclaimed with drums
and trumpets.” Three years afterwards Charles II. arrived
here, taking up his abode for some time in St. Augustine's
Abbey where he was presented with a gold cup, value £200 as
a token of loyalty and respect.
Canterbury being part of the lands or possession of the
Kings of Kent, was under the control of a keeper appointed by
the King, and called the King's prefect or provost. It became
an incorporated city in the reign of Henry II., when that
monarch granted it a charter with the addition of certain
privileges. In 1234 Henry III. taxed it at a fee-farm rent of
£60, to be paid by the citizens to the exchequer, and granted
to them power to choose two bailiffs, with a right of holding
pleas and to hold a burghmote once in fifteen days to be
assembled by the Sound of the horn. In 1317 a seal was
granted by Edward II. In 1400, bailiffs received from Henry
IV. power to hold pleas in all actions within the city. The
government of the city continued without any change until
1448, when, Henry VI. removed the bailiffs and granted to
the citizens a charter, with power to choose, on the 14th of
September, the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, a
mayor. The court under this charter consisted of a mayor,
six jurats, and thirty-six common councilmen as under the
*~
THE CANTERP URY GUIDE. - 7
bailiffs, with power to elect a coroner and sheriff. In 1461,
Edward IV. chartered the city as a county of itself. In 1498, it
received a new charter from Henry the VII., who increased the
number of aldermen to twelve, and reduced the common council
to twenty-four. In 1609 James I. granted a charter, confirm-
ing all the former privileges of the corporation and added the
office of recorder.
The city was anciently divided into six wards, each named
from one of the six gates hereinafter-mentioned. The whole
city, according to the Doomsday Book, was included in one
hundred, called the hundred of Canterbury. Over each ward
an alderman presided, who held a court every three weeks,
called a wardmote. Their office was called an aldermanry
which was not, as now, elective, but held by persons in fee as
an inheritance, and descended to the next heir-at-law—some
of them continuing in one name and family for several
generations.
Westgate WARD.— In this ward originally stood two
Monasteries, one for the religious order of Franciscans, the
other for Dominicans; that for the Franciscans, was on the
south side of St Peter's-street which site is now occupied as
allotment gardens. The one for the order of St. Dominic
was on the north side of the same street part of which is still
remaining -
In this ward also stands St. Thomas à Becket's Hospital,
called by some East-bridge Hospital.
NEwingATE WARD.—In this ward near St. George's Church,
stood the Augustinian Monastery; called so, because St.
Augustine, the African Father, was the founder, and
instituted the order. The members came to Canterbury about
the year 1325. The site on which this Monastery stood is now
occupied by the Simon Langton Schools. In this ward
was the famous conduit for supplying the city with water,
constructed by George Abbot,
---
NokTHGATE WARD.—In this ward is situated the ancient
borough of Staplegate. By the charter of Henry VI. it was
exempted from the franchise of the city, as being a parcel of
the Ville of Westgate, and of the see and liberty of the
Archbishop, to whom it originally belonged. This is supposed
to be the place where St. Augustine was entertained and
seated by King Ethelbert before he resigned to him his palace.
8 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
Some suppose that it took its rame from the staple of wool
once kept in the city. Nothing is more common in ancient
records than for the p and b to be interchanged, or, as the
word stable, in Saxon, signifies a resting-place, it may have
been so called because it was a resting-place for travellers,
where they are unladen or stabled. The House of the Knights
of St. John of Jerusalem or Templars was also in this ward.
They were established about 1118. The object was to be a
safeguard for pilgrims visiting the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem;
and having their mansion near the site of the Temple, they were
called Templars. Many noblemen joined this order, who built
temples in every large town in England. The Chancery of the
Order or Langue in England is at St. John's Priory Clerkenwell
H.R.H. The Prince of Wales is the present Prior. *
WoRTHGATE WARD.— In this ward was situated the
Hospital of Poor Priests, built by Archbishop Langton, in
1240. In the 17th of Elizabeth this Hospital was dissolved,
and afterwards used as a House of Correótion, and called
Bridewell, but is now converted into a store.
Maynard's and Cotton's almshouses, consisting of a series
of ten dwellings—seven belonging to Maynard's and three to
Cotton's charity—are situated in a lane leading from Stour-
street to Castle-street. The old buildings having been blown
down in 1703 the present were erected in 1707 by subscrip-
tion. Originally estimated in 1317, for the support of three
brothers and four sisters; Leonard Cotton added three rooms
for the benefit of one poor man and two poor women.
RIDINGATE WARD,--In this ward was situated the ancient
Manor of the dungeon, afterwards called Coventry House.
It was pulled down a short time since, to make way for the
Canterbury Station of the London, Chatham, and Dover
Railway.
BURGATE WARD.—Here formerly stood the Market Cross
near the Bull Stake, so called from the practice of baiting bulls
there, not so much for pleasure, as to render them, it was
supposed, more eligible as an article of food. On it was
inscribed the following memorial.—
John Coppyn, of Whistaball, in great devotion.
And William Bigg of Canterbury, in Christ's passion
Did make this Cross, in Heaven God gave him solace,
M.CCCC, and XLVI. in the year of grace,
On this ancient site the Butter Market formerly stood.

THE CAN TERBURY GUIDE. 9
By the Municipal Reform Act of 1835, all the previous
charters were abrogated, and the city is now divided into
three wards, and incorporated under the title of “The Mayor
and Commonalty of the City of Canterbury,” and consists of
a mayor, six aldermen, eighteen town councillors, a recorder,
a sheriff, Coroner, treasurer, town-clerk, and inferior officers.
Under, the Local Goverment Act of 1889, Canterbury
retained its position and privileges as a county in itself.
The Wards, into which the city is now divided are Dane
John Ward, returning two aldermen and six councillors;
Northgate Ward, returning two aldermen, and six councillors;
Westgate Ward, returning two aldermen and six councillors;
The arms of the city are—Argent, three Cornish choughs proper
two and one; on a chief gules, a lion fassant, quadrant, or.
The common seal has the arms on one side and on the
reverse a castle, with the inscription—Instud est Sigillum commune
Civitatis Cantuavia.
THE CITY WALLS AND GATES. -
Till within a hundred years, the city wall, gates, and towers
stood as in Čenturies since. At what period they were erected
is not certain, but mention is made of a wall prior to the
Norman Conquest. In the reign of Richard I. the city was
encircled with a wall and ditch on which twenty one turrets
were erected at equal distances, five or six only of which are
left and these together with the wall are now in a ruinous
condition. There were originally six gates namely—
BURGATE.
Formerly called St. Michael's Gate, from a church once near
it. This gate was rebuilt of brick in 1475 ; the north tower
remained until 1822, when it was taken down and the street
widened. Three stones bearing the names of John
Franingam, John Nethersole, and Edmund Minot" upon them
were preserved, and placed in the wall close to where the
gate stood.
ST. GEORGE'S GATE.
Originally Otehill Gate, afterward Newingate, was built for
a nearer passage into the city from Dover than Ridingate,
the more ancient way. It was rebuilt in 1470. The gate has
been pulled down to widen the entrance to the city.
*They were the principal benefactors to the work in 1475.
IO _* THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. -
RIDINGATE,
By which lay the post or military way of the Romans
between Dover and Canterbury; the street of which, leading
by it into the city being at the present time called Watling
Street. This gate was demolished recently, some delapidated
buildings abutting thereto being removed, the entrance to the
city widened and beautified by trees and shrubs; a light iron
bridge being substituted (presented to the city in 1883 by
F. Flint, Esq.) the Terrace walk leading to the Dane John
continues over it.
WORTHGATE.
This gate was situated near the Castle, hence the name Worth
signifying a fort: it being thought unsafe that the public road
should lead through the bayle of the castle, it was taken down
and another erected, which was known as Wincheap-gate.
This was also demolished, to make the passage more suitable
for the public traffic,
NORTHGATE.
This was merely a wide space under the Church of St. Mary
through which the road led to the Isle of Thanet ; it was here
that the Mayor and Corporation received the king when pass-
ing through after landing at Margate from the continent which
was frequently the case, on these occasions he was presented
with the keys of the city; this has also been taken down.
WESTG ATE.
The only gate now remaining a description of which is given
on another page.
Visitors entering the city from the South Eastern Railway
will find themselves opposite to the old Star Inn, a portion of
which has been restored, and is used as a grocer's shop.
MANSION OF THE ROPER FAMILY.
Close by, in St. Dunstan's Street, yet stands the old
gateway of the house of the Roper family, now forming part
of a Brewery; the gateway is worthy of notice. Sir Thomas
More must often have passed through it ; for if not a resident
he was surely a frequent visitor at Canterbury, as that great
man's beloved daughter Margaret, it will be remembered,
married one of the Ropers, who afterwards wrote the well-
known account of the sayings and doings of the great and
honest Chancellor of Henry VII]. On the opposite side of
the way stands *
THE CAN TERB URY GUIDE. I I
St. DUNSTAN'S CHURCH.
And here it may be mentioned that no English City can
show anything like the same number of ancient unaltered
churches as Canterbury, all of which posess interesting relics.
St. Dunstan's Church belonged to the Convent of St. Gregory,
in Canterbury. Its most marked architectural feature is a
semicircular tower adjoining to the western square tower.
The Church has suffered most from the barbarism of the last
century; but it was a few years back much improved, and
partially restored. What is now the vestry room was a
chapel, founded by Henry, the King's chaplain, 1330. There
are two altar tombs of Bethersden marble belonging to the
family of the Ropers; who, in the time of Henry IV., founded
the chapel where they are placed ; and beneath in the family
vault of the Ropers, still lies the head of Sir Thomas More.
It had been upon record that the head of More had been
placed here “with great devotion,” by his daughter, Margaret
Roper; but the citizens had almost forgotten the fact, when
in the year 1835, the chancel of the church being newly paved,
this vault was opened, and several persons descending Into it
saw a head which had evidently been severed from the body.
It was in a niche in the wall, in a leaden box, somewhat in
the shape of a bee-hive open in the front with an iron grating
before it. Vide Gentleman's Magazine, May, 1837.
The next magnificent object of antiquity, standing on the
very threshold of the city, is
THE WESTGATE.
This gate was built by Archbishop Sudbury, in the reign of
Richard II., in the room of one more ancient, which had
become ruinous, over which was built a church, this is the only
gate now remaining. It was the largest and best built of the
gates of Canterbury, and has a very handsome appearance,
standing between two lofty and spacious round towers erected
in the river, on the eastern side of it. It is built of square
stone, embattled, pcrtcullised and machicolated adjoining
the bridge across the western part of the river.
Over this gate is communication by means of a covered
stone passage with a modern building, erected in 1829 for the
better accommodation of prisoners, and was, uutil lately, used
as a goal or prison both for malefactors and debtors, but is
now converted into the city police station. On application to
I 2 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
the Superintendent visitors are permitted to inspect the .
building. A fine view of the City is obtainable from the
summit.
HOLY CROSS CHURCH.
On the upper part of the old Westgate-itself, the original
church of the Holy Cross was built. When Archbishop
Sudbury demolished it, it was removed southward of the gate
to the present site. This site was granted for the special
purpose by letters patent, dated iu the third year of Richard
II. (A.D. 1380). In token of the name of the Church, a cross
or representation of the crucifixion stood formerly in the
entrance, the good order and keeping of which was provided
for by the will of one Richard Marley, dated 1521, but this
emblem of the Christian Faith has now disappeared. The
Church consists of a nave, a chancel, two aisles, and a low
Square tower.
The ancient pannelling still forms the ceiling of the chancel
and most likely extended, formerly, over the ceiling of the
whole church. There is an ancient square font, which is said
to have been brought from the Cathedral. The brasses have
all disappeared ; but there are six benches with “miserere,”
carved on each in high relief, they are the least mutilated
and purest pieces of antiquity in the church. Passing up the
main street we come to the
SIDNEY COOPER GALLERY -
open free to visitors, this gallery which is well worth inspection
contains a good Collection of objects suited to the require-
ments of an art school, the house adjoining was the birthplace
of the celebrated R.A., this eminent artist presented his
fellow townsmen with the building and a great many of the
objects exhibited. Nearly opposite (No. 38) is
THE MASON IC TEMPLE.
The corner stone was laid on the 4th of March, 1880. The
temple is 41 ft. in length by 24ft. in width and 23ft. to the
principals of the roof (which is an open one). The ante-room
is 30ft. by 14ft. 6in. in width. The accommodation afforded,
including instruction room, committee room, &c., is ample for
the three lodges and various chapters, thus making Canter-
bury an important centre. *~.
The next important building on the opposite side of the
road is
THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. I 3
ST. PETER'S CHURCH.
It is situated at a small distance from the North side of St.
Peter's street; the church which is not large, consists of three
aisles and a chancel, with a square tower at the west end of
the south aisle, in which are three bells, its walls are of great
thickness; the bays within resting on substantial square pillars.
The decorated window over the Communion Table has
remains of ancient stained glass; the window was built by
John Colley, obt. February 22, 1408, who was buried in the
chancel. The beautifully carved work of the pulpit is worthy
of notice, and also the ancient square font. William Bigg, of
this parish I468, was a great benefactor to the city. He built
, the market cross at the Bull Stake, and gave 4 IO towards re-
building St. George's gate, he also gave lands to the parish,
and a lamp to be maintained within this church for ever.
Henry Sweeder, also a benefactor, was buried in 1504,
in the chapel of St. John the Baptist, in this Church. Nearly
opposite to the church is
THE WESLEYAN CHA.P.E.L.
Standing some distance back from the street, with a paved
walk leading to it, through some handsome iron gates and
palisades. The building which is large and commodious,
was erected in ISI I, the old one being much too small for the
congregation. A few steps from this was the monastery of
THE GREY FRIARS.
These friars called at first Franciscans, from the name of their
founder, St. Francis, afterwards called Grey Friars, from
their dress, which in imitation of their founder, was a long
grey coat down to the heels, with a cowl or hood, and a cord
of rope about their loins instead of a girdle. They were styled
Mendicants from their professing voluntary poverty, subsisting
upon alms for which they petitioned from door to door.
THE PRIORY OF THE BLACK FRIARS.
The Dominicans, or black Friars, so called on account of
their dress, settled in Canterbury in the year 1217, being the
first of King Henry the III's reign. They had their priory
on the opposite or north side of St. Peter's street; what
remains of this building has been altered into houses and
tenements; part of the hall is now occupied as a Unitarian
Chapel.
#4. The CANTERBURY GUIDE.
The Priory had an approach to it by three gates, the
principal one being in St. Peter's street, erected in the reign
of Edward III., a beautiful structure, built of square flints
with carved stone dressing, and over the entrance a niche in
which was the statue of St. Dominic, but this has been
removed many years. The visitor next arrives at
ST. THOMAS'S OR E.AST PRIDGE HOSPITAL.
St. Thomas's Hospital stands in the High street, near East or
King's bridge. Through this street the pilgrims entered the
city, and this hospital was intended to entertain such of them
as were not sufficiently rich to take up their lodgings at the
other hostelries. It had the right of burial for those who died
there in a spot set apart in the cathedral churchyard for the
interment of pilgrims. It is provided by the statute given to
the hospital by Archbishop Stratford, 1342. “That poor
pilgrims in good health shall be entertained only for one night;
and poor, sick, and well pilgrims shall have daily fourpence
expended for their sustenance out of the revenues and profits
of the hospital; greater regard to be had for the sick than for
well pilgrims. That if there should be not a sufficient resort
of pilgrims of any one day to require the fourpence for their
sustenance, what is spared in one day, shall be laid out freely
in another day when the number of pilgrims shall be larger so
that for every day for the whole year, the entire sum of four-
pence be carefully and faithfully expended. That there shall
be twelve beds convenient to lodge the pilgrims in the said
hospital and a woman of honest report aged about forty years,
who shall take care of the beds and provide necessaries for the
poor pilgrims and who shall be maintained out of the revenues
of the hospital; Archbishop Whitgift converted it into an
asylum for the poor and indigent. He appropriated part of
the proceeds to support a school, which he founded for the
education of twenty poor children. A stone arched doorway,
generally open, leads into a vaulted apartment, from one
corner of which a flight of stone steps leads to the upper
foor. This passage has the appearance of having been broken
through the masonry of the original building. The apartment -
to which this staircase conducts us, appears to have been the
ancient hall or refectory. Recently some fine fresco paintings
have been discovered behind an old chimney which was
removed in making some alterations. A row of columns and
THE CANTER (8 URY GUIDE. I5
arches remain in the partition wall between the refectory and
head of the staircase, which appears to have been originally
an open arcade. This and the vaulted room below are
specimens of the early English style of architecture, and may
be part of the original structure.
ALL SAINTS’ CHURCH
Stands nearly opposite St. Thomas's Hospital, almost adjoin-
ing King's bridge, and is about the centre point of the City -
within the walls. It consists of two aisles and two chancels,
and has a tower, in which is a clock. It was rebuilt in 1830,
On the site of the old one, which was erected in the time of
Edward III. The patronage of this church was formerly in
the possession of the monastery of St. Augustine, but is now
annexed to the crown. The church with that of St. Mary de
Castro before united to it, was united by Archbishop Sancroft,
in 1684 to St. Mildred. John Coleman, of this parish, who
lies buried in our lady's Chapel, in the old Church, by his
will 1535, gave his gardens, which lay opposite to the parson-
age of it, to the parish for ever.
THE GUILDHALL.
About fifty yards from All Saints' Church, in the centre of
the High Street, is the Guild or Courthall; the present edifice
is of comparatively modern construction erected upon the
foundation of an ancient hall, the Gothic stonework of which
may still be seen. The front or principal entrance is situated
in High Street, it consists of a pediment supported by four
Corinthian Pilasters on a rustic basement. Within the hall
the sides are decorated with groups of ancient pikes, match
locks, and other weapons taken from Lady Wootton's Palace
in the time of Cromwell, interspersed with others of an earlier
period. The north end is hung with portraits of persons who
have been benefactors to the City, as John Cogan Esq., 1657;
Mrs. Elizabeth Lovejoy, 1694; John Whitfield, Esq., 1691 ;
Leonard Cotton, Esq., 1605; Lord Tenterden, Sir. J. Boys,
Queen Anne, James Simmons, Esq., &c. The names of the
i>enefactors are recorded on a large tablet.
THE CHEQUER'S INN.
On the same side of the High Street, is the site of the
Chequer's Inn, mentioned by Chaucer in his Canterbury
Tales as being frequented by the pilgrims of his time; at the
I6 THE CANTERRURY GUIDE.
south-west corner of Mercery lane, anciently called La Mercerie,
no doubt from that trade being principally carried on in it ;
the houses are the most ancient of any in the city, each story
of them projecting upwards, so as almost to meet at the top.
In this lane, and the little court at the west of it, some traces
of the Chequer’s Inn still remain. It appears to have been
built in the form of a quadrangle, having an open court in the
middle. The suites of rooms projected in front over one
another, and were supported by pillars forming a colonnade,
which have been removed. . A great portion of the old inn is
now used as business premises, and is known as “Grafton
House;” the old vaulted cellars are very perfect, having
undergone no alteration since the days of the pilgrimage.
Through Mercery Lane the pilgrims from all parts of Christen-
dom used to direct their steps to the shrine of St. Thomas, in
the cathedral. -
“And specilly from every shire's end
Of Engle-land to Canterbury they wend,
The holy blissful Martyr for to seek
That them hath hopen when they were sick.”
Chauce, 's Canterbury / ales.
Before the time of the great rebellion the colonnade on each
side of this lane was like that on old London bridge.
Continuing the course of the High Street, we approach
THE CORN AND HOP EXCHANGE. –
Erected by public subscription, aided by the corporation, in
1824 on the site of the old Shambles. It was considerably
enlarged and partially rebuilt in 1868, now forming the largest
room in Canterbury. The front is a good specimen of the
richest Ionic order the capitals are designed from the temple
dedicated to the goddess Vesta at Tivoli. In front are the
arms of the City, with emblematical devices appropriate to the
building. The approach to the room is on the left, through a
Grecian Doric portico, and by a handsome geometrical stone
staircase. The area under the building is used as a vegetable
and meat market.
THE CHURCH OF ST. GEORGE THE MARTYR.
Is on the north side of St. George's street, near the spot on
which the gate of that name formerly stood ; it is a large
handsome structure, consisting of two aisles and two chancels
having a well-built tower steeple, and an illuminated clock
projecting over the road-way. In this church there is an
# THE CANTERB URY GUIDE. 17
ancient octagonal font, the basin being upheld by eight small
shafts and a thick centre one ; recently this church has been
enlarged to accommodate the parishioners of St. Mary
JMagdalen's church, which having been condemned as unsafe
has been taken down. A handsome stained glass window
has been lately erected at the east end; the only existing
brass is one before the reading pew, representing a priest
vested in a cope his head resting on a cushion; beneath is a
scroll inscribed
“Here resteth Mister John Lovelle, formerly rector of this church, who
died on 24th day of the month April, A D. 1438, on whose soul God have
mercy, Amen.”
The Communion table is of stone, and is supposed to have
been the original altar of the church,
Adjoining St. George's Church is
ST. GEORGE'S HALL
the principal Concert and Bull room in the City, formerly
known as the County Assembly Rooms, recently entirely
renovated and redecorated, a new floor, retiring rooms for
Ladies and Gentlemen, and a spacious Supper Room having
been provided. Agents—Mr. E. B. Goulden, 37, St. George's
St., and Mr. H. J. Goulden, 39 & 40, High Street.
In passing through Bridge street on the way to St.
Augustine's monastery, the visitor will cross Burgate street
in which stand the remains of
THE CHURCH OF ST. MARY MAGDALENE
It consisted of two aisles and a chancel, having a square
tower at the north-west corner, in which were three bells; the
tower is the only part remaining and was built in 1503. The
several monuments formerly within the church, among which
is an elegant mural one for John Whitfield, gentleman, 1691,
a great benefactor to the city, are placed in the porch of the
tower, as also is a fine Old Norman Očtangular font, supported
by a centre column. The parish was united to St. George's
in 1881. In the rear of the above stands the newly erected
CATHOLIC CHURCH OF ST. - THOMAS
And is an attraction to the visitors to the city. This handsome
church is built of Kentish Rag, with Bath stone dressings,
from designs by the late Mr J. G. Hall architect of this
city. The façade is peculiarly beautiful, and the sculpture
*-*.
I8 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
of the statue of its Patron Saint, and of two Angèls, one on
either side which fills the three principal niches are - worthy
of close examination. The interior is very striking, and every
Altar worth a visit. The High Altar is surmounted by a
carved canopy, which is again backed by a reredos in two
panels, representing in Alto Relievo groups, the death of St
Thomas, and the Kings Penance. The canopy supported on
four columns of marble guards more especially the Tabernacle,
this is of course a very important object, and is composed of
polished alabaster, with gemmed and gold doors, surrounded
by glittering spar work. High above, tower the delicate
pinnacles, with tracery and sculpture work of exquisite design,
there are several other altars, but it would take too much
space to detail the beauties of each chapel, we may however,
call the visitor’s attention to the altar dedicated to St.
Thomas, and the beautiful shrine which reposes thereon,
(containing relics of the Saint,) and a facsimile of the original
shrine, formerly in the Cathedral. The other altars are
dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, St. Gregory the Great. the
Sacred Heart and St. Augustine. As the visitor passes these
shrines coming down the right aisle, he faces the Baptistry,
which contains a very beautiful Font, the work and gift of
Mr Horan, one of our fellow citizens, this with its highly
carved Oak canopy forms one of the most noticeable features
in the building. It is from the bottom of the church that the
East Window of stained glass above the High Altar is seen
in its greatest perfection; this adds greatly to the beauty of
the interior, as the colours warm and soften the massive
pillars and delicate fret work. The window is in eight com-
partments, each compartment containing a Medallion in
stained glass, illustrating some event in the life of St Thomas,
and a motto or device, scroll work with flowers, the smaller.
spaces are filled in with appropriate designs, the large middle
round having a representation of the Pelican, the chief
middle and side compartments of the window above the rose
being filled in by a representation of the First Person of the
Trinity and worshipping Angels. A short distance from the
above, in St. Paul's street, stands
ST, PAUL'S CHURCH,
This church has two aisles, and two chancels, with a
square tower at the west end, in which hang three bells, it
was part of the ancient possessions of the Abbot and
Monastery of St. Augustine, and was endowed in 1268. The
--
---

THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. I9
church has recently undergone considerable alteration; it is
well fitted up having an elegant communion table, with open
stalls-on either side of the chancel, and low open seats in the
body of the church. It is one of our oldest churches, and
was existing in the reign of Henry III.
ST. Au GUSTINE'S MONASTERY.
Passing to the vast Monastery of St. Augustine we find
tall and massive towers, beautiful gateways, and immense
masses of wall yet standing. These remains, and modern
works now complete within them, might occupy the tourist a
considerable time. The site of St. Augustine's is at the south
east angle.of the city, without the walls, but very near to
them. Its earliest traditional history is, that the spot was
designed by King Ethelbert as a royal cemetery, and was thus
selected according to the law of the twelve tables, which
prohibited the burying or burning of corpses within the walls
of the cities and towns. By very ancient custom the
sepulchres of the dead were placed by the sides of the high-
ways of which there are examples without number in the
neighbourhood of Canterbury. Accordingly, the cemetery
here was on the straight road from Burgate to Richborough.
The monks turned that road aside to Longport in order to
secure a burying-place within their own enclosure. The
monastery which St. Augustine began to build with the
assistance of Ethelbert, very soon after the conversion of that
Saxon King, was probably not very spacious; “it was
dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul.” In the year 978 when
it had been enlarged, St. Dunstan dedicated it afresh, not only
to St. Peter and St. Paul but also to its founder Augustine,
who had been canonized since the first building was erected.
From this period the monastery has always been called by the
name of St. Augustine. The monastery was enriched by the
piety and munificence of successive kings and nobles ; all
progress in architecture, in sculpture, in painting or in glass
staining was applied here; so that the place grew even more
in beauty than in size. King Ethelstane granted to the Abbot
of St Augustine the licence to have a mint for coining money
This privilege was enjoyed by the house until the year 1161
when Abbot Sylvester died, and the monastery was seized by
King Stephen, who was hard pressed for money wherewith to
maintain the war against the Empress Maud. The privilege
was never afterwards restored. By the Pope's licence the
Lord Abbot used mitre and sandals like a bishop. Before
2O THE CANTERBURY GUIDE,
King Stephen laid his hands upon the revenue of the house -
the monastery had suffered much from the Danes. In the
year I 168 the greater part of the church of the monastery was
burnt, and there perished in the flames, together with altars
and shrines of Saints very many ancient charters. The extent
of ground covered by the various buildings of the monastery,
and enclosed as its precincts was very large So splendid was
the place that at the dissolution, Henry VIII. appropriated it
as a royal palace. In Queen Mary's time the monastery was
granted to Cardinal Pole for his life. In 1573 Queen Elizabeth
making a royal progress, kept her court here. She attended
divine service at the Cathedral every Sunday during her stay
in Canterbury, and was magnificently entertained, with all
her attendants and a great concourse of other company by
Archbishop Parker on her birthday, which she kept at the
Archiepiscopal Palace. The site of the monastery was
afterwards granted to Henry Lord Codham. On the attainder
of that nobleman in 1603, it was granted by James I. to Robert
Cecil, Lord Essenden(afterwards Earl of Salisbury.) From the
possession of Cecil it passed to that of Thomas Lord Wootton
of Marley. Here King Charles I. consummated his marriage
with the Princess Henrietta of France, on the 13th of June 1625
he had met the Princess at Dover, and had brought her to
Canterbury that day. Mary, the dowager of Lord Wootton,
resided in a part of the Monastery during the civil war between
Charles I. and the Parliament ; and at the restoration, Charles
II. lodged here on his way from Dover to London. A square
facing the principal gateway is still called Lady Wotton's
Green. It is no longer possible to trace the wide circuit of the
walls of the monastery; in several places they have been cleared
away to make room for houses, for the Kent and Canterbury
Hospital, and for the County Jail. In Gostling's time the walls
which enclosed the whole precincts were standing. The west
wall which was the principal front, remains tolerably complete
tô the extent of some three hundred feet, or from the great
gate at the northern end to the cemetery gate at the East.
Far behind these two splendid gates stood St. Ethelbert's
Tower, the pride of the edifice and the loftiest and most ancient
remaining part of it. A portion of this magnificent tower had
fallen, but high and broad masses remained. Rent and riven,
partly covered with ivy, and crowned and festooned with wall
flowers, it was one of the most picturesque and most striking
of ruins. Some years later it was considered expedient to
remove the whole. The stone which composed the fine
_r

THE CANTERBURY GUIDE, 2 I
tower, was partly made use of to repair the plinths and shafts
of Canterbury Cathedral. Of the Abbey church, a portion of
the north aisle wall and the doorway still remains; the original
pavement of Romanesque date, has been opened out; and from
the careful researches of the College authorities, the novel
proportions of this ancient conventual church have been pretty
accurately determined. In the cemetery which adjoins the
church South-ward, about 60 feet from it stood till lately, a
large massive ruin composed of flint and rubble stone, having
been to all appearances, two sides of a campanile or bell tower.
It was taken down in the year 1793. When the cemetery
was searched some years ago several stone coffins were dug
up with skeletons in them, laying at the depth of about
seven feet. Great quantities of human bones were also dug
up. The greater part of this cemetery has been sold to the
trustees of the Kent and Canterbury Hospital. In 1837, the
men engaged in the improvements of the hospital discovered a
leaden coffin of rude workmanship containing a skeleton.
At the north-west corner of the upper end of this cemetery
are the remains of the chapel of St. Pancras, originally built
before the arrival of St. Augustine, and used by King
Ethelbert before his conversion to Christianity, but afterward
Consecrated by St. Augustine as a Christian Chapel, and
dedicated to St. Pancras. This present chapel, which was
rebuilt in the year 1387, is only thirty feet long and twenty
one wide; the walls are yet standing and contain quantities of
Roman bricks.
The cemetery gateway at the southern extremity of the
western range, called St. Ethelbert's gate was built by
Thomas Ickham, a monk and sacrist of the monastery; it is
still in existence, although in a modernised condition, having
been converted into a dwelling house. The northern or
principal gate was, until restored, a most picturesque ruin.
Just without the principal gateway the alms of the
monastery were distributed to the poor. On the left of this
gateway is an opening which leads to the inside of the
monastery grounds, in which may be found many objects of
interest.
ST. AlJGUSTINE'S MISSIONARY COLLEGE.
This important group of buildings is open to the public for
inspection, during term time, after the hours of College
business are over at 3 o'clock p.m., during vacations, it is
open all day. The following are the chief particulars:–
22 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
The remains of the Abbey were sold by public auction, in
1844. The purchaser was Mr. A. J. Beresford Hope, who
speedily began to restore the great gateway, and to build
within the walls, a College for the education of Missionaries
of the Church of England. The College is now complete.
The buildings are admirable in style, in their close adaptation
to the remains of the ancient edifice. Time has already
mellowed and softened these new works, and harmony is
nearly perfect. Gratitude is due to taste and liberality of Mr.
Hope who was chief contributor towards the expense of the
college and restorations, building the chapel at his own cost.
Large sums came in from the members of the Church
generally towards the buildings and endowments. To Mr.
Butterfield, the eminent architect, great praise is also due.
The great gate looks as it must have done in the time of its
splendour. The quadrangle, into which you enter on passing
through the gate, is exceedingly fine ; as are the chapel, the
hall, the library, and all other parts of the college, which on the
whole bears a close resemblance to an ancient Benedićtine
monastery of Italy. On the north side of the quadrangle are
the cloisters which are eminently picturesque; and upstairs
there is a narrow and very long corridor lined and roofed
throughout with solid oak ; on either side of the corridor are
the apartments for the students; they are small, simple, and
primitive. In the chapel and in the hall, the sculptured orna-
ments, whether in stone or in wood, have been admirably
executed. The windows of the chapel are filled with stained
glass, and it is paved with encaustic tiles. To the right i e. ,
northward extends the college hall with kitchen underneath.
The hall stands upon the first floor, at the top of a somewhat
steep and narrow stone staircase to the right hand, while to
the left, another door leads into the chapel projecting into the
court at right angles to the hall, with its west gable to the
road outside, and its eastern to the court. The hall presents
nearly its original appearance ; many of the old rafters were
used in the construction of the present roof. On the south
side, adjacent to the chapel, are the warden's lodge, fellows’
buildings, apartments for native scholars, and the printing
and lithographic departments. The College is calculated to
accomodate about forty-two students, and twelve native
scholars, The library a truly magnificent building, which
measures eighty feet long by forty-feet broad, and sixty-three
from the level of the terrace to the ridge, is built on the foun-
pations of the ancient refrectory of the Abbey; it contains
THE CANTERP URY GUIDE. 23
already more than ten thousand volumes. Beneath the
Library is a fine crypt used as a workshop, in which the
students are taught carpentering, carving and other branches
of manual industry. The College was incorporated by royal
charter, June 28, 1848, and the course of study extends over
three years; a course of medical study, at the Kent and
Canterbury Hospital, forming no unimportant part of the
third year's curriculum. Several exhibitions have been
founded by private individuals and by committees of public
Societies, in order to promote the objects of the college. The
Archbishop of Canterbury is visitor. The Archbishop of
York and the Bishop of London have also a voice in flie
election of authorities. Altogether this college and these
restorations give a new character to this part of Canterbury.
From the restored gateway is obtained a most noble view of
the walls and turrets of the city, and of towers and spires of
the Cathedral. Rarely have two such magnificent
establishments as the Cathedral and Christ Church Monastery
and St. Augustine's Monastery, stood so close to each other,
KENT AND CAN TERBURY HOSPITAL.
This building is situated in Longport, on part of the grounds
formerly belonging to the Monastery of St. Augustine. On
the north side of it is the wall which bounds the precincts
of the Abbey. This hospital was finished in 1793, the
expenses being defrayed by voluntary contributions, upon
which depends its maintenance. It was considerably extended
and enlarged by the late James Tillard, Esq., of Street End,
near this city. Two wings have since been added by public
Subscription, and the whole edifice has undergone complete
renovation.
COUNTY GAOL AND SESSIONS HOUSE.
A little further on, in the direction of St. Martin's Church
is a very extensive building, the Gaol and Sessions House of
the Eastern Division of the County of Kent. The Sessions
House is a neat building of the Doric order.
The Gaol is an extensive pile of buildings, the front of
which is stone, and quite plain, the only ornaments being
over the entrance and such as are appropriate to gaols.
The prison contains apartments for the turnkeys, a chapel for
the prisoners, and Governor's Residence. The prisoners
grind their own corn by means of a treadmill, and are
24 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
Ocasionally employed– in a garden attached to the premises.
The whole pile of buildings is enclosed in a brick wall about
twenty feet high.
On the opposite side of the road is the mansion of the
manor of Barton, otherwise Longport formerly belonging to
St. Augustine's Monastery.
ST. MARTIN'S CHURCH.
On a rising ground near the Monastery of St. Augustinº
stands a little church, venerable for its antiquity, and from
its being the first place of worship used by the British after
their conversion from the heathen religion.
About the year 181, Lucius, a British Monarch, sent
messengers to Pope Eleutherius, praying that he might be
admitted within the pale of Christianity. The request was .
joyfully received; missionaries were ordained and sent to
Britain ; Lucius was baptized ; and the Christian religion
extended throughout the Island. From this time we leap at
once over a chasm of more than one hundred years to the
persecutions raised by the Emperors Dioclesian and Maxi-
milian, at the beginning of the fourth century. The
consequence was that the Christians throughout Britain were
abandoned to the mercy of the Pagan priests, they were
hunted into caverns and forests, the churches were profaned
or demolished, and those Christians who fell into the hands
of the persecutors had no other alternative than to abjure the
religion or to suffer death. Only the names of three
Christians have been preserved, of whom Alban of Verulam,
has been honoured with the lofty title of proto-martyr of
Britain. The elevation of Constantine to the empire, in 313,
restored peace to the church ; and the Subsequent cenversion
of his son Constantine, gave to the Christians a title to the
imperial favour. Deputations of British Bishops were sent
to the Council of Arles, in 314, of Sarcida in 347, and Rimini
in 350. Pope Celestine, at the representation of Deacon
Palladius, commissioned Germanicus, of Auxerre, to proceed
in his name to Britain. Lupus the Bishop of Troyes
accompanied him. The Britons received him with joy, and
attended in great numbers to hear them preach. From the
presence of British Bishops in foreign Synods, and from the
occasional remarks of foreign writers, we may conolude that
as before it was in Catholic communion with the other western
churches. Gregory who has since been venerated as the

THE CAN TER BURY GUIDE, 25
Great, on passing through the public market at Rome was
attracted by some Anglo-Saxon slaves, who were at the time
being exposed for sale; their beauty caught the eye of the
fervent monk, and he exclaimed with a pious zeal, “That
forms so fair ought not to be excluded from the inheritance of
Christ.” He requested permission of the Pope to allow him to
proceed to Britain to announce the gospel to the barbarous
conquerors of that island ; but the people were unwilling to be
deprived of a man whose virtues they adored, and his
subsequent elevation to the Papal throne, compelled him to
abandon his design. He still longed to Christianize Britain,
and having selected the most learned of his monks, he
explained to them his views, and confirmed their consent with
his apostolical benedićtion.
Animated by the exhortations of their 20ntiff, Augustine
and his forty companions traversed with speed the north of
Italy, and crossed the Gallic Alps, and after a long and
tedious suspense, Pope Gregory received the welcome news
that they had landed in the Isle of Thanet (596).
When Bertha, daughter of Cherebert, King of the Parasii
who was a Christian, married King Ethelbert, she stipulated
that she should be allowed free exercise of her religion ; this
together with the sancity of Luidhard, the prelate attending
her, shed a lustre over the faith which she professed. It was
at this favourable time that Augustine came ; he sent a
messenger to inform the Saxon king that he had arrived from
a distant Country to open to him and his subjects the gates
of eternal happiness. Ethelbert returned them a favourable
answer, and consented to receive them. These good men
elated with the first gleam of success, approached the
appointed place with the slow and Solomn pomp of a religious
procession; before them was borne a silver cross, and a
portrait of Christ; and the air resounded with the litany
which they chanted in alternate choirs. Ethelbert listened
with attention to the discourse of Augustine—his answer was
reserved but favourable—he concluded with an assurance of
his protection as long as they should remain in his country.
Queen Bertha had the church which was dedicated to St.
Martin for her use before the arrival of Augustine ; it was
now transferred to the missionaries, whose efforts she
seconded with all her influence. The Britons admired the
solemnity of their worship the pure and sublime morality
of their doctrine; their zeal, their consistency, and their virtue.
26 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
Insensibly the prejudices of the idolaters wore away, and the
priests of Woden began to lament the solitude of their altars.
Ethelbert, who at first maintained a discreet reserve, ventured
to profess himself a Christian ; and so powerful was his
example, that at the feast of Christmas, ten thousand Saxons
followed their priests to the waters of baptism.
The church which was used by the earlier Christians in
this island, has not materially altered in appearance; it still
has a great number of Roman bricks incorporated in the
walls, the interior has been restored, stained glass windows
have been inserted and altogether the appearance is much
more beautiful than any of the other churches. It contains
a stone coffin or sarcophagus in which it is said Queen Bertha
lies; and the font—of which the tradition is, that in it King
Ethelbert was baptised—is a marvellously preserved
specimen of Saxon antiquity, three feet high, surrounded with
Sculpture. There are a few brasses in good preservation.
Opposite the Canterbury Hospital in Chantry-lane are the
remains of Doge's Chantry; there is but a small portion of
this building left, which is converted into a cottage. &
Passing through this lane we arrive at Oaten hill, formerly
the place of execution for criminals. From Oaten hill the
road leads by the remains of
THE NUNNERY OF ST. SEPULCHRE.
It was founded by Archbishop Anselm, about the year
I IOO. In the grounds behind these ruins, several sepulchral
Roman urns have been dug up, which seem to indicate that
the spot had been used as a burying-place, before the
introduction of Christianity. In this nunnery, Elizabeth
Barton, the far-farned Holy I ſaid of Kent (who so disquieted
King Henry VIII. by her visions and prophecies, and who
was executed at Tyburn for Treason, together with several of
her associates), was a veiled nun and votaress. This nunnery
had the privilege of fetching as much wood from the Forest of
Blean, as one horse going twice a day could carry. In after
times the quantity was defined, and the part of the Forest
took the name of Minchen. We now pass into the old Dover
road, to the left of which, within five minutes walk stands
THE CHURCH OF ST. MARY BRED IN.
It was rebuilt in 1867. The original church was built by
William the son of Harno, the son of Vitalis, one of the
adventurers who came over with William the Conqueror.

THE CAN TERBURY GUIDE. 27
The living is a vicarage, and belonged, prior to the
dissolution, to the Monastery of St. Augustine; but was
granted by Henry VIII. to the Archbishop, from whom it
passed to the Hales' family. The little old font is a curious
relic. Within 300 yards of this church lies
THE DANE JOHN.
The chief approach to the Donjon, or as it is commonly
called the Dane John, is by St. George's Terrace overlooking
the Cattle Market. The Dane John was orginally a ploughed
tract of land, until James Simmons, Esq.; alderman of this
city in 1790, began his great improvements. It became an
exceedingly pleasant and greatly frequented promenade for
the citizens, and it continues to this day to be carefully and
beautifully kept. It is a most charming walk in summer time
flowers growing on all sides, and a cool and shady promenade
under the avenue of lofty lime trees, extending in length II 30
feet. The Mound rises from the lawn to the height of 80 feet,
spiral walks, lead to the summit, from whence may be
obtained a view of the Castle, the Cathedral, the Monastery,
the Kent and Canterbury Hospital, the church of St.
Martin and many other interesting objects connected
with the modern and ancient history of the city of Canterbury.
On the highest point there is erected an obelisk, recording
“that this field and hill were improved, and these terraces,
walks, and plantations made in the year 1790 for the use of
the public, at the sole expense of James Simmons, Esq. ”
The terrace, I2 feet wide and 1840 feet long, is formed on
the top of the rampart within the wall, which has been
raised into a parapet the whole length passing in its course
four of the old watch towers. These towers are very
picturesque; the areas of them are planted with trees and
flowering shrubs, and defended by palisades; at each of them
are commodious seats, whence may be obtained a view of
nearly the whole of the enclosure. On the lawn is an
exquisitely sculptured sundial by the celebrated Weeks, a
native of this city. On the pillar in bold relief are classical
figures of the Seasons. On the other side is a Russian gun
taken from Sebastopol during the Crimean war, and in the
centre of the main walk a handsome fountain. The origin of
the name of this charming spot is not clear, it has been
known in past times as Donjon, Deanjon, Dunjhil, but the
popular name is now Dane John.
28 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. .
THE CASTLE.
The ancient castle still shows its great keep on the south-
west part of the city at the end of Castle Street. That a
Castle existed at Canterbury anterior to the Norman
conquest appears unquestionable, from the survey of
Doomsday, wherein it is recorded that the king had such a
castle, in an exchange made by the Archbishop, and the
Abbot of St. Augustine's ; who had for the same, the former
seven, and the latter fourteen burgages. Prior to that period
no mention is made of any Castle at Canterbury, even by our
ancient chroniclers in relating the various sieges which the
city sustained against the Danes, while in other respects they
are particularly circumstantial. It is therefore most probable
that the structure in question was one of the numerous
fortresses built by order of the Conqueror, for the complete
Subjugation of his kingdom. This fabric had a bayle or yard
adjoining, four acres in extent, environed by a wall or mote,
both of which remained on the eastern side until very lately;
however, in 1791, the most considerable portion of the
boundary wall was demolished. The out-works were not so
well constructed as the tower, having fallen into decay and
mouldered to rubbish, whereas the materials of the castle
continue firm and solid. The moat is in great measure choked
up; the only part now apparent being that which served as
the ditch of the city, situated on the southern side. The
portion of the castle which now remains was called the Keep.
The loop-holes on the ground floor were like those of
Rochester and are few in number; loop-holes only, and no
windows on the first floor; on the second floor were
magnificient windows and on the third floor smaller windows
as at Rochester. Directly under the grand entrance was a
steep staircase which led into the Dungeon. This was the
usual situation of this staircase in old Castles, and it is so in
Dover and Rochester castles.
ST. MILDRED'S CHURCH.
Is near the castle, it consists of three aisles and three
chancels, with a square tower. It exhibits many traces of
Roman workmanship. particularly in an arch over one of the
windows. It was partially destroyed by fire in 1246. The
living is a rectory. Adjoining is a handsome building—the
parish school. In Stour street, close by, there is a perfect
old timber house until lately held by a family of the same
name for upwards of 300 years.
THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. 29
THE RIVER STOUR
At the back of St. Mildred's Church, the River Stour
enters the city. The name is of Saxon origin and means the
swift river. It commences at a place called Stour Head,
near Ashford, and is assisted by tributary streams all the
way down. It passes by Wye, Godmersham, Chilham, and
Chartham and thence on to Canterbury, where it divides itself
into two branches, one of which passes under Westgate
Bridge, and the other under King's Bridge uniting again at
Barton Mill, thence on to Stourmouth, where as its name
shows, the tide formerly flowed between the mainland and the
Island of Thanet, here the river divides, the Northern Channel
flowing by Sarre into the Thames Estuary near Reculver, the
Southern by Richborough and Sandwich into Pegwell Bay.
It is navigable as far as Fordwich for small barges. The
Stour is famous for many kinds of fish, especially trout.
There were formerly a number of mills on it. Somner
mentions King’s Mill, Abbots Mill, Westgate Mill, Shafford's
Mill, now Dean's Mill, and Barton Mill, standing in his time.
The principal mill now on it is Abbot's Mill, commonly called
the Great Mill. In 1536 the Corporation kept several swans
on the Stour, and a person employed with a yearly salary to
look after them. There are several such ornamental append-
ages now to be seen on it, but they are private property.
There are many bridges crossing the river within the city; the
two principal being King's Bridge and Westgate Bridge, over
which the main road passes.
Leaving St. Mildred's church we enter Stour-street, in the
centre of which, at the corner of Hospital Lane, is
MAYNARD’S OR MAYNER'S HOSPITAL.
It was erected by a citizen, so rich some authorities say,
that he was called Mayner le Rich, about the time of Henry
II; others say of Edward II. Its object was the support of
four brothers and sisters, single persons, of the age of fifty and
upwards. Adjoining Mayner's Hospital is another like
institute, founded by Leonard Cotton.
ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH.
Stands on the west side of St. Margaret's street. It is a large
edifice, consisting of three aisles and three chancels, having a
tower steeple at the west end of the south aisle, and three
bells. Within the last few years the church has been nearly
3O THE CANTERBURY GUIDE . . . .
*...,
*
*s
re-built, and the interior beautified, under the superintendence
of the late Sir Gilbert Scott, the rector of that period bearing ."
great part of the expense. This is called the mother church
of the city, the Archbishop and Archdeacon holding their
Visitations here. John Wynter and Joan his wife gave a lamp
to burn before the High Altar for ever, bequeathing a sum
annually for that purpose.
Passing down St. Margaret's street, the visitor is again
brought into the main street, a little above Guildhall-street in -
which stands sºr
THE MUSEUM,
Which is open daily from Io to 4, free. It contains among . .
other interesting objects, some rare old Roman Mosaic
pavement, discovered in Burgate-street, at a depth of about
Ioft. while excavating for the city sewer a few years since.
The lower room on the left of the entrance is a public library
and reading room for the citizens, and contains nearly 5,000 -
volumes. Nearly opposite stands
THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.
This building was erected from the plans of the late Mr. J.-
G. Hall, architect, of this city, and is in the early decorated -
style. The front which abuts on Guildhall-street is of Kentish
rag facing, with Bath stone dressings, and consists of a gable .
pierced with a five-ligh decorated window, of handsome pro-
portions and design, flanked by two slender spires, one on each
side, acting as buttresses to the main gable. The main body
of the building is brick and will accommodate 750 worshippers
inclusive of 290 in the galleries.
A short distance from the above, in a place called the
Dancing shool Yard, stood.
SIR THOMAS MORE’S HOUSE.
For many years it had been the warehouse of some wool-
staplers, and was taken down in 1842. It was a quaint-
curious, and most interesting building.
ST. ALPHAGE CHURCH
Stands at the corner of a lane in Palace street, facing the west
towers of the Cathedral, in it there are two aisles, two chancels
and a square tower recently repaired at the west end. It was
built on the site of an ancient church, dedicated to the four
crowned Martyrs. William Prowde of St. Elphe, was buried
.*
THE CANTERBURY GUIDE 3 I
1596 - in this church, before the altar of S. James and S.
Erasmus. It was united with the church of S. Mary
Northgate in 1681. On the opposite side of the street,
entered by an old arched gateway, was the Archbishop's
Palace. We now enter Northgate street.
ST. MARY'S CHURCH.
This Church is situated on the west side of Northgate street;
it was partially rebuilt in 1830, on the ruins of the ancient
structure part of which crossed the street on the north gate of
this city. The east front is of brick, in the rude pointed style
with two windows. Against the north wall is a brass represent-
ing a figure kneeling at a desk, with a label inscribed—“Oh
Mother of God, have mercy on me.” and below : —
“All ye that stand oppon my corse ~ *
remember but raff brown I was
alloyr man and mayur of thys cete
Jesus a pon mi sowll have pete.”
HOUSE OF THE KNIGHT TEMPLARS.
Of the house of the Knight Templars, which stood under
the town wall in the place called water-lock lane, which led by
Northgate Church down to the river near the Abbot's mill,
nothing remains. The Black Prince's Chantry, which stood
near to the eleemosynary of the monastery of Christ church has
also entirely disappeared.
THE PRIORY OF ST. GREGORY.
This priory was another foundation of Archbishop Lanfranc
it was intended for infirm men and women, and regular canons
of the order of St. Augustine had charge of it. It is supposed
to be the first house of regular canons in this kingdom. The
establishment is mentioned in Doomsday book. Its site was
between Northgate Street and the new Military road, and is
now almost covered with modern buildings a small part of the
priory is, however sitill to be traced
THE PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS.
These schools, situate in various parts of the City where
they are most needed are the following:—
The St. John's Board schools, Northgate ; Diocesan, Broad
Street; St. Paul's, St. Mary Bredin's; St. George's, St.
Mildred's, Wesleyan, Holy Cross, St. Dunstan's, Catholic,
- Church of England Schools in Longport, and the Garrison
..º-
32 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE
Schools. The income of these Schools is most part derived
from Goverment and voluntary contributions except in
the case of the Board Schools, where, after the Goverment
grant earned by the children, is applied to the maintenance of
School, any deficiency there may be is paid from the rates.
In addition to the above there are various Charity Schools.
ST JOHN'S HOSPITAL.
On the west side of northgate-street is the hospital of St.
}. ; it is entered by a fine wooden arch, under an interesting
ouse, Eadmar the principal of Lanfranc, and the writer of
his life dignifies the original building of this home with the
name of a palace (Palatium), and the ancient walls remaining
enclosed a considerable area of ground to the north-west of
the present chapel, They are very massive, of rude early
Norman Masonry with round headed doors and windows one
slightly ornamented with the common chevron moulding
coarsely cut. The entrance to the chapel is by a doorway of
the same style. This chapel which is only a part of the
original chapel has been much altered and modernised. The
most remarkable object in the interior is a singular-shaped
early font. In the last century the east window was filled
with rich painted glass, representing figures of the twelve
apostles, but this has entirely disappeared. The pulpit and
some other woodwork, are good examples of the ornamental
carving of the Tudor age. There are still some good speci-
mens of old domestic architecture in the yard particularly the
pictureseque group towards the entrance gateway. The
kitchen and hall are situated in a building at the south-west
Gorner of the yard or court just mentioned, and appear to be of
the end of the sixteenth century. In the kitchen which is on the
ground floor, they show the ancient spits, which are from eight
to ten feet long. The hall is upstairs, and contains some old
furniture, and among other things a carved chest, and a large
sword. A curious old embroidered covering for the table is
also shown. The hall is ornamented with the arms of the
founders. -
JESUS HOSPITAL.
The “spital” stands on the opposite side of Northgate
street, near to the Barracks. It was founded by Sir John
Boys, who died in 1612. , His monument is in the cathedral.
Sir John endowed this hospital for eight poor men and four
poor women—viz., a warden, who has a house for himself,
THE CANTERBURY GUIDE 33
seven brothers, and four sisters. Their apartments form three
sides of a little square on the bank. The entrance is by a gate
from steps above the road in the middle of a dwarf wall,
which completes the square, and gives the fraternity a near
view of all that passes. The warden and brothers should
attend the Cathedral in gowns every Sunday morning. The
Dean on any vacancy of brother's or sister's places, nominates
two persons statutably qualified to the mayor, who chooses
one of them.
THE BARRACKS.
- The Barracks for the infantry adjoins Jesus Hospital, they
are extensive and commodious, and are capable of
accommodating 2,000 men; they were erected in 1798. The
Barracks for the Cavalry, adjoining, is an extensive range of
buildings. -
The several barrack squares with their well kept gravel
walks and parade grounds planted with trees, have a
picturesque appearance.
THE MILITARY CHURCH.
This building stands in a field at the back of the Cavalry
Barracks. It was erected in 1855.
THE MILITARY INFIRMARY.
- In 181 I this spacious building was erected on an eminence
at the back of the barracks as a general infirmary for the
various regiments. It is a substantial structure, and stands
on one of the most beautiful and salubrious spots that could be
selected for the purpose.
ST, GREGORY'S CHURCH.
Within 500 yards of the Military Hospital, in a field called
North Holmes, is the Church of St. Gregory. There is a
large burial ground attached, which before the existence of the
City Cemetery had been used as a place of interment by all
the parishes, the old burial-grounds being closed by Act. of
Parliament.
MARKETS.
The Fish Market stood on the west side of St. Margaret's
street. The style of the interior was Grecian Doric, and it
consisted of a pediment supported by four fluted columns. It -
s now converted into shops.
34 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
The Butter Market was situated on the side of Burgate
street, nearly opposite to Christ Church gate but having been
very little used of late was taken down in 1889 to avoid
expense of repairing.
The Corn Market stands in High Street, and the Cattle
Market at the top of St George's Street.
THE OPEN AIR SWIMMING BATH
Is situated on the Whitehall Road about five minutes walk
from Westgate, it is the largest in England; the basin, built
of concrete, is 357 feet long, by 75 feet wide, and varies from
7 to 2 feet 6 inches deep. There are several dressing boxes
placed round it on the walk, which is Io feet wide. Water is
Constantly flowing through, and is taken from the “Silver
Hole” Spring, a beautiful stream of fresh water.
THE CANTERBURY CEMETERY
Is a short distance from the city, at the foot of St. Thomas's
Hill, and is approached by a spacious causeway, under an
avenue of lime trees; I2 acres of land have been laid out in
excellent taste, planted with trees, shrubs, and flowers, with
serpentine gravelled walks. Within the Cemetery there are
two chapels of gothic elevation, divided by a handsome
archway, surmounted by a noble tower and lofty spire. The
late Mr. J. G. Hall, was the architect. These well laid out
grounds form a great attraction to the citizens as a promenade.
T.HE SUBURBS,
ST. NICHOLAS's HOSPITAL, HARBLEDOWN.
The hospital of St. Nicholas, at Harbledown, on the
London Road, about a mile from Westgate, was founded by
Archbishop Lanfranc, about the year 1084. This hospital
stands upon an elevated spot of ground, wooded, and
affording delightful prospects. It was intended by its
founder as a place of reception for such persons as suffered
from the Leprosy. The old chapel, though much neglected
within, remains entire, and it has suffered little or no
alteration since the end of the eleventh century, when it was
built. With its ivy, its wild wall-flowers, and its cool grey
stone, it is eminently picturesque. From it you look right
down into a chasm through which the old London road
passes. Erasmus, in his Peregrinatio Religionis, written about
the year 1510, mentions the hollow road, and the hospital
above it. “Og.” In the road to London, not far from

THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. 35
Canterbury, is a way, extremely hollow, as well as narrow,
and also steep, the banks being on each side so craggy, that
there is no escaping, nor can it be by any means avoided.
On the left side of the road is an almshouse of some old men
one of whom runs out as soon as they perceive a horseman
approaching, and after sprinkling him with holy water offers
him the upper leather of a shoe, bound with brass, in which
a piece of glass is set like a gem. This is kissed and money
given him. Me. I had rather have an almshouse of old men
on such a road, than a troop of sturdy robbers. The
hospital has an old maple bowl with a medallion fastened to
the bottom, representing Guy, Earl of Warick, killing the
Dragon. The medal has also an inscription in Gothic and
scarcely legible characters. The original wooden buildings
of the hospital have been taken down, and more modern
erections of stone put up in their place. By the Statutes
of Archbishop Jackson, who was the restorer of this
establishment, lodging, and fuel, and a certain annual
sum of money, were to be given to thirty poor honest
men, and to thirty poor women. The number has
gradually decreased ; there are now only Io men
and 7 women lodging here. All the ground about Harble-
down is hallowed by legends and traditions. There is a
Well of mineral water, called through long ages the Well
of the Black Prince, the tradition being that that
warlike Prince, in his declining health, sought a cure
by drinking its water. The well is lying under a green
hill side,
CLERGY ORPHAN SCHOOL.
On the summit of St. Thomas's Hill, on the Whitstable
road, about a mile from Westgate, is the Clergy Orphan
School. It is a magnificent building, and commands a fine
panoramic view, even to the sea coast. This School was
established in conjunction with one at St. John's Wood,
which was founded in 1749 to furnish gratuitous maintenance
and education to the necessitous orphans of clergymen
both in England and Wales. The managers having found
that the St. John's Wood establishment was insufficient for
the number of children, have appropriated that solely to the
use of girls, and the one of St. Thomas's Hill to the
use of the boys. ' The existence of this grand institution is
chiefly owing to the munificience of the late Dr Warneford,
36 t THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
*
who contributed the sum of £7ooo towards the purchase of the
site and erection of the building, besides £6000 to found
scholarships.
ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH.
This fine specimen of an ancient village church is surrounded
by trees, it consists of a nave and chancel, with side aisles,
a tower, and peal of bells. In the churchyard, in 1187
Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, began a chapel in honour
of St. Stephen and St. Thomas of Canterbury. The Norman
entrance with the pecular zigzag moulding, is in excellent
preservation. The interior has lately been restored, and the
windows supplied with stained glass, the magnificent east
one is particularly worthy of notice. There are a few
monuments, the principal one being in memory of Sir Roger
Manwood.
SIR ROGER MAN WOOD's ALMSHOUSEs.
Are situated near St. Stephen's church about a mile north-
west of Canterbury. They consist of a row of brick houses,
six of which are under one roof, having a court in front and
garden behind ; the seventh is a public-house, in some
measure separated from the others, which is occupied by the
parish clerk for the time being. It was erected in
compliance with the will of Sir Roger Manwood, dated
December, 1592, for giving shelter to six poor and aged
people, all of whom were to dine in his hall every Sunday, .
and each should have weekly. on Friday, one shilling
given in money, and yearly four loads of fuel. The owner
of the Hales’ estate has the privilege of nomination. The
trustees of this hospital are the Mayor and Commonalty.
THE PRECINCTS OF THE CATHEDRAL.
The principal entrance to the precincts of the Cathedral
is by the gate opposite Mercery Lane, called Christ Church
Gate. It is a very beautiful structure, in the pointed style,
and profusely ornamented with angels bearing shields, small
niches, armorial bearings, mitres, coronets, and the emblem
of the Tudors—roses. Over the corners of the gateway is an
inscription from which we learn that it was erected in 1517.
The whole is built of free-stone; the exterior ornaments have
suffered much from the aëtion of the weather. The space
|-
-
|-
^/.
|-|
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ſae.





THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. 37
within this gate was formerly used as a cemetery, and is still
called “the churchyard.” Near the east end stands the
remains of the Cemetery Gate. The open space is known as
The Oaks, from the rows of stately trees that stand there.
On the north side stands the remains of the Priory. Leading-
from the Oaks is a passage, called the brick Walk. On the
right of this walk, and north-east of the Cathedral, is an
ancient stone mansion, called the Maister Honours, from its
being formerly the great state chamber of the Prior of the
Monastery, and the one in which he entertained his guests.
On the left of this walk is a small doorway, and over it is a
much decayed figure of a man, described by Somner as holding
in his hand a scroll, with the words “Ecce me Major ’’
inscribed thereon ; this inscription and scroll are now quite
obliterated. Opposite the west end of the Maister Honours
is a large Gothic window, that appears to have been divided
into four lights or upright divisions, but now quite blocked
up; this belonged to the chapel of the Infirmary, and formed
part of the range of buildings built by Cuthbert, by permission
of Eadbald, King of Kent, in 741 ; it was dedicated to John
the Baptist. Its high antiquity is proved by the existence
of large arches, supported by pillars, the capitals of which
exhibit rude designs of animals. These arches was formerly
walled up, but recently the walls have been removed, the
arches repaired and strengthened ; and are good specimens
of early Norman architecture. On the right, or north side
was the hall of the infirmary; farther on, on the same side of
the court, are four massive Norman pillars supporting circular
arches, not ornamented; they formed part of the Infirmary
attached to the Chapel. This Chapel and Infirmary are
supposed to have been burnt. Westward of this court is
what is called the Dark Entry; on the right is an entrance to
the Cloisters, and to the left a passage into the Green Court;
at the end of the passage is the Priory Gate, the north-west
entrance to the Priory; it is supposed to have been built by
Langfranc. The priory, or as it is now called the Green
Court, is a large open square, surrounded with buildings. On
the east side of it is the Deanery, formerly the dwelling of
the Prior ; it is a large handsome building, with a court yard
in front. The great drawing-room of the deanery contains
many portraits. The Priory occupied the whole of the south
side of the quadrangle, stretching from east to west; few
remains are now left. There is still standing at the north-west
end a gate, called the Larder gate, through which is a passage
38 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE
and a flight of steps leading to the ruins of the Priory.
Adjoining these is y
THE CHAPTER, OR SERMON HOUSE.
To which the congregation repaired after prayers in the
body of the church. It is a handsome building 92 feet long, .
37 feet broad, and 54 feet high ; it was built by Archbishops
Courtney and Arundel in the time of Richard II. The ceiling
is composed of squares, or panels of Irish oak, ornamented
with escutcheons and flower work, painted, carved, and gilt.
There is a raised seat of stonework all round the room, and it
is divided into arches or stalls by pillars of Sussex marble,
having above them pyramids of stone oranamented and gilt;
at the east end of the building is a very large window ; in the
upper lights are figures of cherubim, seraphin, &c., in coloured
glass. Near the Chapter-house is
THE LIBRARY.
This is a magnificent building. The oaken roof is supported
by Norman arches resting upon fourteen massive stone
pillars, the old Norman windows having been tastefully .
restored, and the vast apartment, with its well arranged cases
of books, bears an air of impressive but unobtrusive dignity.
To the right of the passage leading from the Larder-gate
to the Chapter-house stands
THE BAPTISTRY.
It is a circular building, with the roof in the form of a cupola ;
underneath is a vault raised on stone pillars, from the centre
of which proceed ribs to an outer circle of pillars. The
Norman arch is beautifully ornamented.
On the north side of the quadrangle is the Domus Hospitum,
or Stranger's Hall. being the place in which poor pilgrims
were entertained ; it was one hundrrd and fifty feet long, and
forty feet broad, and used to be designated the hog-hall. In
the north-east corner of the Green court is the great gate of
this hall. West of the Domus Hospitum is the Almonry or
Mint Yard.
Henry VIII. converted this place into a mint for the
coining of money. The chapels and premises appertaining .
were afterwards given by Queen Mary to Cardinal Pole, and
in 1559 they were transferred to the Dean and Chapter for
the use of the school founded by Henry VIII., now known as
--- ** THE CANTERBURY GUIDE, 39.
the King's School; close to which is the Porta Prioratus, or,
as it is now called, the Green Court Gate. It is a handsome
structure, having a large Norman arch, within which is a
pointed arch of much later date. The style of the ornaments
gives it an appearance of great antiquity, though it is in a
good state of preservation. On the west side of the
quadrangle, near the dormitories, stood the Frater Hall, now
completely demolished.
THE CLOISTERS
Form a quadrangle, the south side of which adjoins the north
wall of the nave of the Cathedral; the west side communi-
cated with the cellarer's lodgings. On the north side are two
very handsome arched doorways. One of which seems to have
opened into vaults under the refectory ; the other was the
way from the prentice gate into the church. All the arches
are of the same breadth, and supported by little pillars,
adorned at the intersections by six hundred and eighty-three
‘escutcheons, bearing the arms of benefactors of the church.
The north wall is ornamented with a range of stalls.
THE ARCHEISHOP’S PALACE.
The precincts of the Archbishop's Palace occupy but a
small portion of ground, compared with the precincts of
Christ Church. The great gate, or principal entrance, is
situated on the west side. The wall extended southward to
Christ Church Gate, and northward till it met the great gate
of the Green Court. A palace existed here previous to the
arrival of St. Augustine; it was presented to him by King
Ethelbert, when he retired to Reculver. It was destroyed by
the Danes in IoII, and rebuilt by Lanfranc. Hubert
afterwards' pulled part of it down, but the state of affairs
prevented him from completing its rebuilding—it was finished
by Langton, and beautified by Boniface. In the great hall,
feasts and banquets were frequent—monarch and prelates
revelled here in splendour. 1269, the nuptial feast of Edward
I. was kept in this hall, and here likewise Charles V. danced
with the English Queen ; and her consort Henry VIII., with
Catharine of Aragon. In 1578, Queen Elizabeth partook of a
repast prepared by the Archbishop in his palace. The great
hall has since been pulled down. -
* THE CATHEDRAL.
This magnificent and noble pile, interesting from its
historical associations, embraces every variety of the styles of
40 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
English ecclesiastical architecture from the rudest Saxon to
the most finished of Gothic art. Yet the general effect of
the exterior notwithstanding the different ages in which it
was erected, is harmonious, and the whole mass of this splendid
edifice presents a most imposing and impressive effect. The
interior is still more striking — the vaulted lofty nave; the
long vista of columns lining the aisles; the simple
magnificence and vast extent of the Anglo-Norman choir;
and the rich effect of the stained glass representing saints and
martyrs, embellished with heraldic emblazoning of princes,
priests and nobles—benefactors to the Church—cannot fail to .
produce in the mind of the intelligent beholder impressions of
the most exalted and sublime nature.
The history of this splendid building is closely connected
with the history of our country, for almost every historical
production relating to the annals abounds in statements
referring to this edifice and the prelates connected with it;
this is sufficiently accounted for by its always ranking as the
metropolitan Church. It may suffice to state, that since the
erection of Canterbury into a see out of ninety-three Arch-
bishops, eighteen have been canonized, nine dignitaries have
been appointed Cardinals, twelve appointed Lord Chancellors
of England, four Lords Treasurers, one Lord Chief Justice,
and nine to the office of Chancellors to the University of -
Oxford.
It has been conjectured that a Christian Church stood on
the site of the present Cathedral of Canterbury during the
time that the City was under the dominion of the Romans.
and was frequented by such of the soldiery as had embraced
the Christian religion; and St. Augustine, on his arrival,
found the edifice standing near the palace of King Ethelbert;
the same being included in that monarch's gift to him—this,
opinion is founded on existing documents relating to the
Priory of Christchurch. However it is certain that
Ethelbert, the King of the East Saxons, having become a
convert to the Christian religion by the teaching of St.
Augustine, gave him his royal palace which this ecclesiastic
converted into a cathedral and monastery, and having been
consecrated a Bishop commenced his episcopal functions by
dedicating the same to the honour of Christ the Saviour,
whence it obtained the name of “ Christchurch.”
THE canTERBURY GUIDE. . 4 I
/
Por 300 years after the consecration of this fabric nothing
material is recorded of it, except that the revenues had
gradually increased by the successive donations of princes
and nobles. The invasion of England by the Norman hordes,
or, as they are termed by the Saxon chronicles, “the Pagan
Danes,” involved both its civil and ecclesiastical affairs in
confusion, and during this period the Cathedral fell into
decay; for in 934, when Archbishop Odo succeeded to the
see, many parts of the building and the surrounding walls
were in a ruinous state. Three years were occupied by this
ecclesiastic in repairing the edifice. In IoII it was burnt to
the ground by the Danes, and by the successive labours of
the two prelates—Livingus and Ethelnoth—was rebuilt after
the lapse of several years. The new building is described by
Eedymer, an ancient historian, in the following manner:—
“At the east end of the church stood the high altar, which enclosed the
body of St. Winifred. This was of rough stone cemented together. A little
before that was an altar where Mass was said daily; in which altar St.
Alphege enclosed the head of St. Swithin, and many other relics which he
brought with him from Winchester. Descending hence by several steps was
the crypt. At the foot of these steps was a descent into a vault which went
under the east part of the church ; and at the east end of it was an altar
wherein was enclosed the head of St. Fursius. From hence, by a vinding
passage, at the west end, was the tomb of St. Dunstan, separated from it by
a wall. His body was buried deep in the ground before these stairs, and over
him was a tomb erected in the form of a lofty pyramid. The hall or body of
the church was separated from the choir. About the middle of the hall were
two towers, jutting out beyond the walls—that on the south had an altar
dedicated to St Gregory; and from this tower was a passage, the principal
porch of the church, anciently called Stuthdore, a large and capacious portico.
The tower on the north side was erected to the honour of St. Martin, having
a passage to it from the cloisters. The end of the church was adorned with
the oratory of the Blessed Virgin. In the eastern part of it was an altar,
consecrated to her, which enclosed the head of St. Austrobarta.”
In 1403, much of this building was destroyed by fire, and
was permitted to continue in the state the fire left it for some-
years. At the Norman conquest, Stigand was succeeded by
Lanfranc, who rebuilt the Cathedral in Norman style; and
according to our early historian, was made a pattern for
succeeding ecclesiastical structures throughout the land.
The tower supported by mighty columns, was placed in the
middle of the church, and on the top pinnacle was placed the
figure of a cherub. From hence towards the west was the
nave, or body of the church, supported both ways by high
pillars; two lofty towers, with gilt pinnacles, terminated the
nave. In the centre of the church was suspended a gilt
crown, and near it stood the altar of the Holy Cross. In the
---
42 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE
north cross aisle over the arch was the organ, and beneath it
was a portico in which stood the altar of All Saints, The
south cross aisle has two porticos; in one was the altar of St.
Blaise, in the other that of St. Benedict.
This church Lanfranc enriched with several ornaments,
books and vestments, and he prevailed on William the Con-
queror to restore to the church all the lands which had been
taken away. To Lanfranc succeeded Anselm, who took
down the choir to replace it by another of a more magnificent
kind. Upon the death of Anselm, this work was continued
and completed by Conrad. William of Malmesbury says:–
“The like was not to be seen in England in respect of the clear light of the
glass windows, and beauty and comeliness of the marble pavement ; and the
curious paintings on the roof. The choir also was so magnificently adorned
with pictures and other ornaments by Prior Conrad, that from its extraordinary
splendour and magnificence, it acquired the appellation of ‘The glorious choir
of Conrad.’”
The Reredos of the altar was constructed of two pillars of
wood, embellished with gold and silver, which supported a
large beam resting on the top of the capitals, which, fronting
the choir, presented to view an inlage of our Lord, gilt, and
an image of St. Alphage on one side, and of St. Dunstan on
the other. In the centre of the choir was suspended a golden
crown to hold twenty-four wax candles. The side and cross
aisles are equally gorgeous and splendid with the choir.
The Cathedral remained in this state till the reign of
Henry I., when it was damaged by fire; it was, however,
repaired in a short time by Archbishop Corbeil, and the
Church re-dedicated in I I I4, the King and Queen, the King
of Scotland, and all the prelates and nobles of both kingdoms
being present.
Between the nave and the choir is a transept or cross
aisle, somewhat older than the nave. The north-cross aisle
is called
THE MARTYRT)OM.
Here was the scene of the murder of St. Thomas à Becket.
The martyrdom of St. Thomas à Becket took place on
Tuesday, 29th December, I 170. Early in the morning the
four barons had an interview with St. Thomas, pretending to
come on a peaceful visit with messages from the King. They
were shown into a room in the palace where the Archbishop
usually remained; some high words passed between them
"THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. 43
and they departed, in the evening they entered the Cathedral,
armed. {}
“While the Archbishop was ascending the steps, Sir Reginald Fitzurse
entered the door of the church, clad in complete armour, and waving his
sword, cried, “come hither servants of the King !' The other conspirators,
Sir Hugh Morvill, Sir William Tracey, and Sir Richard Britain, immediately
followed him, armed to the teeth and brandishing their swords. It was
already twilight, which, within the walls of the dimly lighted church had
deepened into the blackest obscurity. Becket's attendants entreated him to fly
to the winding staircase which led to the roof of the building, or to seek
refuge in the vaults underground. He rejected both these expedients and
stood still to meet his assailants. 'Where is the traitor P’ cried a voice.
There was no answer. “Where is the Archbishop?’ ‘Here I am replied
Becket ; “but here is no traitor, what do ye in the house of God in warlike
equipment P One of the knights seized him by the sleeve. He pulled back
his arm violently. They then advised him to go with them, as though they
repented of the evil design. They called upon him to absolve the Bishops;
he refused, and Fitzurse drawing his sword, struck at his head. The blow
was intercepted by the arm of one cf the monks, who stepped forward to
protect him, but in vain. A second blow descended and while the blood was
streaming from his face, one of his assailants whispered to him to fly to save
himself. Becket paid no heed to the speaker, but clasped his hands and
bowed his head, commending his soul to God and the Saints. The con-
spirators now fell upon him with their swords and quickly despatched him.
One of them is said to have kicked the prostrate body, saying," So perishes
a traitor.' The deed thus accomplished, the conspirators passed out of the
town without hindrance, but no sooner had they done so, than the news spread
throughout the city, and the inhabitants in the utmost excitement and indig-
mation, asssmbled in crowds in the streets, and ran towards the Cathedral.
Seeing the body of their Archbishop stretched before the altar, men and
women began to weep, and while some kissed his hands and feet, others
dipped linen in the blood with which the pavement was covered. It was
declared by the people that Becket was a martyr, and although a royal edict
was published forbidding anyone to express such an opinion, the popular
feeling still manifested itself. Some soldiers attempted to seize the corpse,
but the monks, who had received an intimation of the design, buried it hastily
in the crypt of the Cathedral
The Prior of Peterborough carried off the stones stained
with Becket's blood, and made two altars of them, A.D., I 170.
Two years after his murder Becket was enrolled in the
calendar.
A magnificent window, illustrative of scenes in the life
and at the death of St. Thomas à Becket, has been presented
by the Rev. Robert Moore. of Hunton, who resigned his
canonry in the Cathedral. The following is a description :-
In the upper compartment, on the left, we have Becket the young priest,
Ambassador to the Pope; —the first step we may suppose to his after eleva-
tion, the scene is at Rome. Next the story related by Fitzgibbon and other
authorities, of the King snatching off the rich mantle of his Chancellor to
cover the shoulders of a shivering beggar. No. 3 represents the consecration
44 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
&
.*
of Becket in Canterbury Cathedral, in the presence of the Prince and his
Court. In No. 4, which closes the life series, we see the reconciliation of
Henry with his unyielding opponent, the King holds , the Archbishop's
stirrup; the scene is in a camp before a fortified city in France. . In the
lower tier on the left, we have the interview of the four knights with the
Archbishop, in his palace, as described by Canon Stanley in his Memorials
of Canterbury. The knights have concealed their armour with cloaks; the
Archbishop rises from the bed on which he had been sitting while discoursing
with John of Salisbury and his friends, who are seated on the floor. In No.
6, the artist has again adhered as much as possible to the same authority.
The mailed knights have murdered the Archbishop in the Cathedral, . Having
fallen from the first blows on his knees, he finally fell on his face, his hands
still in the attitude of prayer. The attendants take flight, one bolder than
the rest comes to raise the corpse. No. 7, the King does penance at the
tomb of St. Thomas, in the crypt of the Cathedral. No. 8 concludes the
history with the crowd of pilgrims who afterwards visited the richly endowed
shrine of the canonized saint, to which miraculous powers were attributed.
The six small tracery lights forming the top of this fine window represents
the Laity and the Church at that period; on one side there is a knight, a
lady, and a page: on the other a Bishop, a Priest, and a servant of the altar.
In 1304 the whole choir was repaired and beautified, and a
new pulpit erected by Prior Henry D'Estria. Some years
afterwards be bought five bells, one of which, called Bell
Thomas, was placed in the great clock house, and weighed
8,000 lbs.
In 1376 Simon Sudbury took down the north and south
aisſes of the church, and rebuilt them in that magnificent
manner in which they are now beheld ; he also took down the
body of the Church with an intention of rebuilding it also,
when he was cruelly murdered; the work, however, was
continued by his successor, Archbishop Courtney.
Archbishop Arundel likewise added greatly to the orna-
mentation and riches of the church.
Archbishop Chichely laid out great sums in repairing the
Church, and in building a library, he likewise commenced the
tower at the West end, called the Dunstan steeple, which was
completed by Prior Chillenden, who is said also to have built
the nave, and added greatly to the ornaments and revenues
of the Cathedral. Prior Goldstone was likewise distinguished,
for his interest and liberality in this great work. He built the
beautiful Chapel of the Blessed Virgin in the north cross
sometimes called the Dean's Chapel. The next remarkable
benefactor was Prior Sellying. He glazed the south wall of
the Cloisters, and had it painted with texts called carols. He
also began to build the great Tower, or Angel Steeple, in
which he was assisted by Archbishop Morton whose device,
gºs-
THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. 45
viz, MOR and a TUN, is inscribed upon it. A second Prior
Goldstone completed the Angel Steeple, and bought the
brazen eagle for the reading desk for the choir.
In the time of Henry VIII the Cathedral was united to St.
Augustine's Monastery, but at the Reformation it was
reduced. The King, on the 8th of April, and in the 23rd year
of his reign converted this building into a Collegiate Church,
consisting of a Dean and twelve Canons.
Through an elegant open screen we pass from the North
Transept into the Lady Chapel, built by the first Prior
Goldstone, but which has since taken the name of “Dean’s ”
Chapel, on account of the number of dignitaries buried there
In the south cross, and on the north side of it, is a chapel
dedicated to St, Michael, in which is the monument of
Archbishop Langton, and that of the Duke of Clarence.
This cross aisle was built at the expense of Archbishop
Sudbury.
A flight of steps at the end of the nave and under the great
tower leads up to the choir; at the entrance of the choir is a
screen of stone-work in the florid style of Gothic Architecture
remarkable for the richness and delicacy of its ornaments;
there are six canopied niches, three on each side of the
entrance; those on the north side contain statues of Kings
Edward I., Edward II., and Edward III. ; those on the south
side Kings Ethelbert, Richard II. and John. The choir is
remarkable for its simplicity and beauty; its style of architec-
ture shows it to be of greater antiquity than the rest of the
church—the circular arches, the heavy Norman pillars
and the fantastic variety of ornaments, all sufficiently
distinguish it both from the nave and other parts of the
building. The pillars of the choir are alternately circular and
Octagonal ; the sixth is octagonal, and has- at each face a
smaller pillar of Petworth marble ; the arches, springing from
the capitals of the pillars, are pointed, and above them is the
triforium. Above the triforium is a range of pointed windows
running round the choir and Trinity Chapel. The seats for
the congregation are arranged on each side of the choir, and
occupy the place of the old stalls, on the south side is the
Archbishop's Throne, a beautiful piece of workmanship in
stone. On the south side of the presbyterium, part of the
shrine of St. Dunstan has lately been brought to light,
46 THE CANTERBURY GUIpe.
Between the high altar and the Archbishop's throne is a -
door, entering which we find the tombs of several Archbishops .
of the province. From hence is another cross aisle, in which
were formerly the altars of St. Gregory, and St. John the
• Evangelist, and the shrine of St. Alfric, but now it has
nothing remarkable to distinguish it. On the same side,
but nearer the east end of this aisle, is the chapel of St. Anselm,
so called from the place of his burial, but more properly the
chapel of St. Peter, in which were two altars—one dedicated
to him, the other to St. Paul. In former times a lamp was
**
kept here constantly burning. ~ *.
THE SHRINE OF ST. THOMAS.
At the end of the choir is an ascent to the chapel of the
Blessed Trinity. In this place was St. Thomas à Becket's
shrine, on whose account it was formerly called by his name. ,
This chapel 1s a beautiful and curious building, erected
at the same time as the choir. The floor is partly inlaid with
mosaic work and near are to be seen the monuments of
Henry IV. and his Queen; of Edward the Black Prince; of
Cardinal Castillon, Archbishop Courtney, and others.
“The shrine,” says Stowe, “was built about a man's
height, all of stone, then upwards of timber; within which
was a chest of iron, containing the relics of St. Thomas. The
timber-work of this shrine on the outside was covered with
plates of gold, damasked with gold wire, which ground of
gold was again covered with Jewels set in gold.
Erasmus—who was admitted to view the treasure—tells us
“ that under a coffin of wood, enclosing another of gold, which
was drawn up from its place by ropes and pulleys, he behºld
an amount of riches, the value of which was inestimable.
“Gold,” he says, “was the meanest thing to be seen ; the
whole place shone and glittered with the rarest and most
precious jewels, most of which were of an extraordinary size,
some being larger than the egg of a goose.” At the dis-
solution, Henry VIII. seized upon all this wealth. Stowe
says, “that the spoil in gold and precious stones filled two.
great chests, one of which six or seven strong men could do
no more than convey out of the church at once.” One of the
precious stones, called the Regal of France, which had been
presented by Louis VII. On his visit to the church, he set and
wore as a thumb-ring. At the same time he ordered the
THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. 47
remains of St. Thomas to be burned and the ashes to be
t
scattered to the wind.
The only trace of the shrine of the martyr that now remains
is afforded by the pavement around the spot where it stood,
which is worn down by the knees of the crowds of
worshippers, that during more than three centuries, offered
here their oblations and their prayers.
On the north side of St. Thomas à Becket's Crown is the
tomb of Cardinal Pole—over which are the remains of a
curious painting—and opposite is the picture of St.
Christopher carrying our Saviour over the river. The walls
were likewise painted with phoenixes rising from the flames,
as emblematical of the truly magnificent restoration of the
Church after it was destroyed by fire.
On the north side of Trinity Chapel is what is called a
Chantry for Henry VII. Trinity Chapel has still the remains
of some curiously painted windows.
Leaving this chapel we again descend to the choir and to
the north aisle, where is the Vestry, which in former times
was enriched with plate and vestments. Erasmus is extatic
when he mentions the profusion of riches it contained.
The altar is of modern date ; it is built of Caen stone, and
harmonises with the Gothic architecture of the choir. Near
it once stood the , altar of St. Dunstan, whose body
Archbishop Lanfranc translated hither from the place of its
original sepulture. When the fire happened in 1774 it was
again removed to the altar of the Holy Cross, in the nave of
the Church.
The windows of this Cathedral once exhibited one of the
richest displays of painted glass that was ever known. Many
of them have been destroyed. The remains of some have
been collected and put together near the organ loft. The
figures in both have drapery resembling the famous hanging
said to have been embroidered by the sister of William the
Conquerer, and still preserved at Bayeaux, in Normandy.
They are intended to be emblematical of Scripture history.
The north window is an interesting object. The upper-
most point of the arch contains two shields of arms—one of
France and England quartering ; the other of Canterbury,
embracing the arms of Bourchier. There are ten prophets
with caps on their heads and dressed in blue or crimson robes
**
48 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE, 2 *
over which is a white mantle, with an embroidered border;
or in white under garment, with a crimson or blue mantle
over it; then the twelve apostles, "each holding his symbol,
or the instrument of his passion; then fourteen bishops in
episcopal habits, each carrying a crosier in his right hand
and a book in his left ; the rest of the window is filled with
various devices, referring to Saints and angels, kings and
queens, and other subjects connected with ecclesiastical
history. It is said that a Spanish ambassador once offered
£Io,ooo for this window. *
The great window at the west end of the nave was built
in 14oo. Like the north window, it is divided by stone-work
into stages and compartments. The uppermost contains the
arms of Richard II. ; the second, six small figures relating to
his family; the third, ten saints; the forth, the twelve
apostles, with a youth kneeling and censing, on the south
side, and another kneeling figure on the north. Below these
are seven large figures of our Kings; they are bearded; have
crowns on their heads and Sceptres in their hands.
The passage into the undercroft, or crypt, is by a door down
several steps from the martyrdom or lower north Cross aisle;
the whole is vaulted over with Stone and supported by pillars
of different sizes, extending to all parts of the church
eastward from the screen at the entrance into the choir. It is
a work apparently of the time of Archbishop Lanfranc, soon
after the Norman conquest, and left entire, notwithstanding
the casualties by which the building over it was destroyed,
and made use of by architects as a firm part of the fabric,
fully sufficient for them to erect their future structure on.
That part under the choir and side aisle had been, for a
length of time, appropriated to the Walloons and French
refugees for their place of worship. At the west end there is
visible a large grave-stone, having marks of the figures of an
Archbishop or Prior in his pontificals, with shields of arms
and other ornaments, but the brasses of the whole are absent.
Under the upper south, or Cross aisle was the chapel or
chantry of Edward the Black Prince, founded by-him in
1363; it is now walled up from the rest of the undercroft.
Near the French Church, under the Trinity Chapel, is the
Chapel of our Lady, partly enclosed with open Gothic stone-
work. This chapel consisted of a small body and chancel. .
divided by a step in the middle; the altar at the east end is
*i-
THE CANTERf8URY GUIDE. 49
destroyed, but the niche over it for the statue of the
blessed Virgin still remains.
It was once richly ornamented. The vast riches displayed
in this chapel previous to the dissolution were totally excluded
from public gaze; none but the great were suffered within
its precincts. Erasmus tells us that—
“There the Virgin Mother has an habitation, though somewhat dark,
enclosed with a double step or rail of iron for fear of thieves, for indeed I
never saw anything more laden with riches; lights being brought, we saw
more than a royal spectacle; in beauty it far exceeded that of Walsingham.”
A few steps eastwards was St. Thomas a Becket's original
tomb, for the assassins having said they would cast his body
into the fields, the monks, to prevent it, buried it here, where
it rested till Archbishop Langton translated it to the Trinity
Chapel. It was in this place that King Henry II. came with
bare feet to pray, in the habit of a pilgrim ; and King Louis
VII. of France came likewise to visit his tomb and make
offerings to the Saint, watching the whole night at it.
Measurement of the Cathedral :-Length of the nave to the
foot of the steps, 178 ft. ; length from east to west within side,
514 ft.; length of choir 180 ft. ; breadth of the choir from
pillar to pillar, 40 ft. ; from thence to the screen of the choir,
36ft. ; breadth of nave and side aisle, 71 ft. height of it to the
vaulted roof, 80 ft. ; lower cross aisle from north to south in
length 124 ft. ; upper cross aisle from north to south, I5+ ft. ;
height of the Oxford steeple 130 ft. ; height of the Arundel
steeple, 130 ft. ; height of the spire formerly on it, Ioo ft. ;
height of the great middle tower, 235 ft. ; height of the tower
to the vaulting, I 30 ft. ; area of the great tower, 25ft, by 35ft.;
vaulting of the choir from the pavement, 71 ft. ; vaulting of
the Trinity Chapel, 58 ft.; square of the cloisters, 144ft.
PRINCIPAL MONUMENTS.
In the north and south aisles there are several military
trophies; there are also inscriptions to Dr. Turner, Prebend
of this Church ; Sir James Hales, Knt. ; Sir John Boys,
founder Jesus' Hospital; Adrian Saravian, D.D., Prebend of
this Cathedral; Orlando Gibbons, Organist of the Royal
Chapel, being sent for to Canterbury to attend the nuptials of
King Charles and his Queen. He died of the small-pox.
In the Chapel of the Blessed Virgin, now called the Dean's
Chapel, are the tombs of Dean Rogers, Dean Fotherby,
Dean Boys, Dean Turner, Dean Bargrave, and Dean Potter.
**
50 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE
Tomb of Rogers, third Dean of the Cathedral :—
“On May the 19th, 1597, Richard Rogers, of Sutton Vallance, a man of an
ancient family and primitive virtues, 18 years Suffragan to the Archbishop of
Canterbury, and 13 years Dean of the Church, in the 64th year of his age,
was buried here. --
“To his dear father Charles Fotherby, of Great Grimsby, in the County of
Lincoln, sometime Fellow of Trinity College in Cambridge, and Batchelor of
Divinity in that University, Archdeacon of the Diocese of Canterbury for 24
years, Prebendary of that Metropolitical Church 20 years, and four years
Dean of the same , who changing this mortal sabbath for an immortal one
in heaven on the 29th of March, in the year 1619, and in the 70th year of his
age. John Fotherby, his son and heir, piously erected this monument. He
married Caecilia Walker, of Cambridge, who was his only wife, and continued
so for 31 years. She bore him ten children, five of whom only survived him.
john married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Anthony Coke, of Essex; Phoebe
married to Henry, son of Henry Palmer, of Kent, Knt., and Robert, to
Priscilla, a daughter of John Moyle, Esq., of Buckwell, in Kent, and two
daughters unmarried, Elizabeth and Mabel. Caecilia Fotherby, once partner
of his bed, and now of tomb, was born at Cambridge, and while living was an
example of holy life and manners : she closed it with the Sabbath on the 19th
of October, 1634, aged upwards of 60 years, and mother and grandmother of
a noble and numerous race.”
A marble monument represents Dean Boys seated in his
study, with a table and reading desk before him ; a library of
books form the background.
“Amidst the tears of good men ; John Boys, D.D., Dean of this Church of
Christ, Canterbury, lately a pattern of Christian diligence, than of humane
mortality, and now of divine grace; left behind him, as his perpetual
monument, and excellent explanation of the whole Liturgy; a work of the
utmost use and benefit to the English Clergy. This monument, though small
and unworthy so great a man, and so loving a husband, a debt due to his
remains, Angela his tender and sorrowful wife had erected.
Under the window there is a handsome monument for Dean
Turner, with this inscription :-
“Here lies Thomas Turner, D.D., Canon-Residentiary of St. Paul's,
London, then Dean of Rochester in the year 1631, and lastly Dean of this
Church of Christ, Canterbury, in 1643; whom those glorious and holy-
martyrs, Charles the First, and Archbishop Laud, retained as chaplain, and
with whom he was a brave Confessor. Him, the King in almost his last
trouble at Hampton Court, and the Isle of Wight, selected from the few faith-
full to attend him. He was descended from a genteel family at Reading. He
bore the calamities under the tyranny of the Rebels with an even temper of
mind; and having tasted of both fortunes, was unshaken in both. At the
happy restoration of King Charles II, he by no means solicited new dignities
and continued to preach to his 80th year. At length, being matured for
heaven, after many immortal actions, he desired nothing mortal, but to die
in the Lord. He died in the year 1672, aged 81 years.
A picture of Dean Pargrave, painted on copper, in a white
marble frame, is on the north side of this chapel, with the
following inscription :- *
*
THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. 5.I
“Isaac Bargrave, of Kent, Doctor of Divinity, and Dean of this Church, and
its great ornament, by his polished genius, promoted piety and learning. In
the civil wars, on theside of King Charles the Martyr, he stood and fell. After
many journeys through Europe, here fixed at last, ; he died in the year of
Christ, 1642, and of his age 56, John Bargrave, of Kent, Doctor of Divinity,
by his last will ordered this monument to be erected in 1679. Here, even after
death, united, Elizabeth Dering, the most beloved wife of the aforesaid, Isaac
Bargrave lies entombed.” s:
A black marble monument for Dean Potter, his wife and
son, is in the centre of this chapel.
“Beneath this mārble calmly sleeps in Christ a most amiable infant, John
Potter, second son of John Potter, D.D., Prebendary of this Church,
by Martha, his wife born at Blackburn, in Lancashire, 1742. Died at
Canterbury Jan. 17, 1645-6. John Potter, D.D., Dean of the Cathedral
Church of Canterbury, died Sept. 20, 1770, aged 57. Martha, his wife, died
on the 2nd of March, 1775, in the 70th year of her age,”
A monument to Alexander Nevil has the following :-
“Here lies the body of Alexander Nevil, Esq., If you would learn what I
was know. Alexander Nevil, son of Richard Nevil, Esq.; of the noble and
ancient family of the Nevils, and Ann Mantle, daughter of Sir Richard
Mantle, Knt. While living I live to God, myself, and friends. An unwearied
and constant follower of learning a despiser of the world, a candidate of
Heaven an unworthy servant of Jesus Christ. Behold what I was . If you
will learn what I am that I will inform you likewise. The one part of me
(that which was mortal and subject to perish), age decayed, disease oppressed,
and death at length seized ; and being fearful of losing his prey, thrust it into
this prison which you can see , but my other and better part, being immortal
is joined in happiness to Christ, and defies death, through Christ's power
though it rages, and, as you may perceive wastes and tears in pieces the
remains of my mortality. And both expect the Second coming of his
heavenly Majesty, and both (when the great son of righteousness shall
enlighten the earth and come at length to judge both quick and the dead),
shall be partakers of a glorious resurrection and innmortality, which God the
redeemer of mankind purchased with his most precious blood for me a most
miserable sinner. In this hope I lived, and in it (in spite of the Flesh the
World. Death, and the Devil) I died in the year of my age—in the year of
Christ's incarnation, 1614, the 4th of October Tis sufficient good spectator
to know what I inform you.-Farewell.—
“O God in thee have I put my trust, suffer not etermal shame to cover me,
O Death, where is thy victory 2 O Grave, where is thy sting 2"
*
“Death wherefore do you rage 1
Why oppress with your malice
Whom Christ will shortly restore;
At whose return you are destroyed ”
“Behold I come quickly, and my reward is with me.”
There is also a monument to Richard Nevil, Esq., and
Ann, his wife, father and mother of Dean Nevil, and for
Thomas Nevil, their son. *
*. - *- ~ *
52 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE, - . " -
NORTH CROSS OR MARTYRDOM.
Against the north wall are two handsome monuments, one
to Archbishop Peckham, a recumbent figure of oak under an
arch stone ; it is nearly 600 years old; the other, of blue and
white marble, to Dr. Chapman.
“To Alexander Chapman of Norfolk D.D., in the University of Cambridge,
Chaplain to Her Most Serene Highness Elizabeth, Consort of Frederick
Elector Palatine his most gracious mistress; Archdeacon of Stowe, in the
County of Lincoln, and Prebendary of this Metropolitical Church, In
gratitude to his dearest and most deserving brother deceased, this small
memorial was erected by H, C. His mortal being changed into an eternal
Sabbath, he resigned his soul to God, Sept 6th, in the year of our Lord 1629,
of his age 52.
SOUTH CROSS.
Near the entrance is buried the famous and learned Meric
Cassaubon, who was born in the City of Geneva, in Septem-
ber, 1599. He was the Rector of Ickham, near Canterbury,
and Prebendary of this Church but lost his preferments in
the beginning of the Civil War and lived retired ; he died in
1671. He refused to write the history of the Civil War for
Cromwell, in consequence, as he said, “ of being obliged to
make reflections which would be injurious to him.
“Stay traveller, and reverence; Here Meric Cassaubon divested himself of
the mortal remains of his immortal spirit of a great name and a learned race
the worthy heir. Having for his father Isaac Cassaubon, grandfather Henry
Stephens, great grandfather Robert Stephens. Alas what men What
prodigies of learning ! What ornaments of the age He having received his
learning, as by inheritance, descended from So many learned ancestors,
improved it. The first of Churches many boast of having for its Prebendaries
both the Cassaubons, the first of men, who held the same rank among the
learned that she holds among the Churches, Our Cassaubon died on July
16th, 1671, in the 76th year of his age, and the 46th of his Canonship.
Monument to Miss Jane Hardres :—
To Jane Hardres, only daughter of Sir Thomas Hardres, Knight, King's
Sergeant-in-Law, and Philidelphia his wife descended from a very ancient
family; a Virgin eminently adorned with all the gifts of body and of mind,
obedient and respectful to all, but especially, to her parents ; constant in her
prayers; charitable to the poor; remarkable for her unstained manners; of a
pleasing and agreeable person, and an extraordinary beauty, dear to her
relations and much lamented by all who knew her. She willingly resigned
her soul to God in the year 1675, in the 20th year of her age. Attend oh
my choice companions ! If blooming youth; if the most tender affection of
parents, and the love of brothers; if affluence of wealth if a large circle of ,
friends would have availed anything, I had still continued among you. But
God decreed otherwise ; therefore, take this warning frcm me:-Learn to
distrust a flattering world,
THE CANTERBURY GUIDE 53
On one side of the entrance of St. Michael's Chapel,
against the wall is a monument to Dr. John Battely:--
Here lies the body of JoHN BATTELY, D.D., born at St. Edmund's Bury,
in Suffolk, Fellow of Trinity College, in Cambridge, and one of the domestic
Chaplains to His Grace William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, by
whom he was rewarded first to the Rectory of Adisham, near this City, then
with a Canonry in this Metropolitan Church and lastly with the Archdeaconry
of this Diocese. He departed this life October 10, in the year of our Lord
1708, and in the 61st year of his age.
ST. MICHAEL’S CHAPEL.
In the centre of this Chapel is a magnificent monument of
marble and alabaster—the recumbent figure of a lady between
two armed knights, at full length, the centre figure, Margaret
Holland, third daughter of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent,
who was beheaded for treason against Henry IV. The
effigy on her left arm represents her first husband, John
Beaufort, Earl of Somerset. On her right hand is the effigy
of her second husband, Thomas, Duke of Clarence, nephew
to her first husband, and second son of King Henry IV. He
was the first man slain at the battle of Buage, having been
wounded in the face by a lance., . His body was brought to
England, and interred beneath this momument.
On the left is a handsome monument for Lieut.-Col. Prude,
on which is his effigy kneeling.
“Sacred to the memory of William Prude, Esq., Lieutenant-Colonel in the
Belgic Warres, slain at the siege of Matrich, the 12 of July, 1732. He
married Mary, daughter of Sir Adam Spracklin, Knt., and had issue by her
four sons and three daughters; to whose memory his surviving son, Searles
Prude, hath erected this monument.”
Near to the monument of William Prude, Esq., is an
elegant one for Sir Thomas Thornhurst, Knight:—
“Sir Thomas Thornhurst, son of Sir Stephen Thornhurst, Knight, one
equally excelling in strength of body and mind, after he had endured much
glorious toil in the Dutch, German, and Spanish wars, and had bravely
discharged the duties of a general, was slain at the first onset, against the Iske
of Rhee, on the 17th July, 1627; but fell not without acquiring glory to himself
and victory to the English. . By Barbara his wife, one of the coheiresses of
Thomas Shirly, Esq., he had three children—Barbara, Anthony and Secilia.
From her love and tender affection for the memory of her dear husband, his
most sorrowful wife Barbara, has erected this monument. ”
The following to Lady Thornhurst adjoins:–
“Here lies Lady Thornhurst, who was sometime the wife of Sir R. Baker,
of Sissinghurst, in the county of Kent, and had issue by the said Sir Richard,
54 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
two daughters, the Lady Grisogone Lennard, and the Lady Cicely' Blunty
She departed this present world in the month of May, in the year of our Lord
God 1609, she then being of the age of 80 years.”
The next monument is to the memory of Lady Dorothy
Thornhurst—
“Lady Dorothy Thornhurst, daughter of Roger Drew, of Dentsworth, Esq.
who, after the decease of Dr. Hippocrates d’Otten, a celebrated Physician of
the illustrious family of Otten, in Holsatia, married a second time to Sir
Stephen Thornhurst, knight, and survived him. Her ashes were mingled with
him in this place on 12th June, in the 55th year of her age, and in the year
of our Lord 1620. In pious memory of her, her sorrowful niece (by the
father), Martha Norton, has erected this monument.”
Until very recently this chapel contained a handsome
monument of white marble, for Miss Milles, called the Beauty
of Kent, daughter of Samuel Milles, Esq.; but it has been
removed and is now affixed to the wall above the steps at
the entrance to the South aisle of the choir. The inscription:
is as follows:— *
“Here lies Anne Milles, daughter of Samuel Milles, Esq., and Anne his
wife"; a daughter well deserving such parents; whom when you shall under-
stand to have lived and died like a virgin, you may perhaps wonder of what
worth a virgin is, or what sort of a virgin this Anne was; here that you may
know whatever is so fair as to be loved Whatever is so chaste as to be
esteemed ! That all (how great or valuable soever) concentrated in our virgin
but you may say, what is beauty 2 or what is chastity ? Her beauty hai not
that adulterate paint which some crafty artificers make up, which perishes in
the evening, Nor was her chastity that which is willingly parted with by some
and sometimes forced from others. But her beauty was bestowed by nature's
hand. Of this harmony between her beauty and chastity, all are witnesses
whose beauty is their care, or whose chastity their pride. She, conscious to
herself how frail beauty is, and how unequal chastity alone is to a Christian
warfare, received into her heart the whole choir of christian virtues, and armed
her tender shoulders with the whole armour of Christ. In this church at the
sacred font, she gave her name to Christ, and hence she assumed Christ and
bore his ensign. In this church this pure worshipper of God was constant in
daily prayers, and a frequent partaker of the Holy supper of Christ. . But she
was not more constant in the public offices of the Church than she was in
private prayer in her closet ; thereby shunning both the sight and praise of
men, and regarding him only as the witness, whom she expected to be the
rewarder of her piety. Though unmarried, she was invited to the marriage of
the Lamb, and like the wise virgins, went with her lamp burning to meet the
bridegroom, on Dec. 23rd, 1714, aged 20.” ---
The next monument is that of Sir George Rooke. This
brave admiral's father was sheriff of Kent and Mayor of
Canterbury in 1614:—
Sacred to the Memory of Sir George Rooke, knight (son of Sir Wm. Rooke
knight), ... Vice-Admiral of England. Q how much history is in that name
and how little is this inscription able to relate. The French flying from the
fight in the year 1692, he in an open boat, amidst the showers of grape and
*/
THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. 55
W
Small shot (in the presence of so many French, a deed scarcely creditable by
posterity), having first prepared the fireships, burnt thirteen ships of war near
La Hogue. Afterwards the difference between the Swedes and the Danes
being happily and justly composed by his advice, he left the north in peace
and returned southward, where a whole fleet of enemie's convoying ships
being either burnt or taken at Vigo, he safely brought to England the Galleon
ships of immense burden, loaded with treasures, and with the utmost integrity
lodged the rich spoils in the public treasury. He took Gibraltar with his fleet
in fewer hours than a regular army afterwards besieged it in months. And
with the same career of success his navy being as much inferior in strength
as it was superior in conduct and courage, he put to flight the whole French
fleet, which, though well provided, dare not again to hazard a battle. He
opened the way ſor Charles III, to ascend the throme, the Spaniards to recover
their liberty, and Europe to enjoy peace. For these and other toils undergone
by this Christian hero, for his singular piety to the Church, his fidelity to
William the Great and Ann the Good, ever most religiously observed for his
causing the name of Britain to be honoured and revered through the whole
world; God did not grant him swelling titles, or invidious wealth, nor the
empty applause of the vulgar; but the delights of a good conscience, the love
of all good men, retirement in his paternal seat, and death at last in Christ.
He died on the 4th of January, 1706, in the 58th year of his age. He mar-
lied three wives, Mary Howe, of Cold Berwick, in the county of Wilts; Mary
Lutterell, of Dunster Castle, in the county of Somerset; Catherine Knatch-
bull, of Mersham Hatch, in the county of Kent. By the second of whom he
left George his only son. This monument was erected by William Brodnax
and Samuel Milles, Esquires, his Executors.
On the right hand of the entrance into the chapel is affixed
a mural monument to Sir James Hales, knt., who died in the
year 1589, Lady Alice, his widow, who died in 1592, and their
only son, Cheney Hales, who died in 1596:—
Sacred to posterity. To the memory of James Hales, Knight, renowned
for military achievements and public employments, and dear to his country,
who being appointed Treasurer to the Expedition to Portugal, returning from
thence to his native country died in the year 1589, To ALICE, his relict, a
woman adorned with all the gifts of nature and piety, who died in 1592. And
to CHENEY HALES, only son of the above-mentioned James and Alice, who was
snatched away by an untimely death. Richard Lee, Esq., the surviving and
sorrowful husband of the said Alice, has erected this monument.
A handsome monument in the corner of the chapel, with
military trophies, on a pediment supported by four Corinthian
pillars, is erected to the memory of—
Brigadier General Francis Godfrey who being Groom of the Bedchamber
to his most Serene Highness Prince George of Denmark, &c., and also a
Colonel in the army acquitted himself with honour; being advanced to a
higher post he gave so many proofs of a military genius, that it might be
easily presumed, how much he would have distinguished himself if he had lived
longer. He died of a fever, October 6th, 1712, aged 32. To their deserving
Son his serrowful parents placed this monument.
NORTH AISLE OF THE CHOIR.
At the left hand at the north entrance of the Choir is a
56 THE CANTER BURY GUIDE.
*
magnificent monument for Archbishop Chicheley, who
succeeded Archbishop Arundel in this See, March 12, 1413.
On it is an effigy at full length, in his pontificalia, and under
it another of a skeleton in its shroud, and round the side
pillars, which have lately been repaired, are small elegant
statues of white marble, in niches, of the Apostles, Death,
Time, &c., which monument (carved it is supposed in Italy)
the Archbishop erected in his lifetime. In old text characters.
is the following inscription:
“Here lies Henry Chicheley, Doctor of Laws, formerly Chancellor of
Salisbury, who in the 7th year of King Henry IV., being sent on an embassy
to Pope Gregory XII., was consecrated Bishop of St. Lavid's by the hands of
that Pope in the city of Sienna. The same Henry also, in the second year of
King Henry V., was in this holy Church elected Archbishop and translated
to it by Pope John XIII. He died in the year of our Lord I443, on the 12th
day of April.
“That for his sins your merits may atone,
Oh! supplicate, ye saints, th' Almighty throne.”
Archbishop Bourchier's monument of grey marble :-
“Hele lies the most Reverend father in Christ and Lord, Thomas Bourchier
- some time Cardinal Priest of St. Cyra, in Thermis, in the Holy Church of .
Rome, Archbishop of this Church, who died on the 30th day of March, in the
year of our Lord 1486. On whose soul the Most High have mercy.—Amen.”
CHAPEL OF HOLY TRINITY.
On the south side of the Chapel is a monument for
EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE who died at the
Palace of the Archbishop, in this city, in 1376. It is very
entire and beautiful ; his figure in gilt brass lies on it,
completely armed, except the head, on which is a cap with a
coronet round it, once set with stones; the mail representing
rings curiously linked together, extending down to his breast
and shoulders ; the head rests on a casque or helmet, joined
to the cap, which supports his crest, formed after the trophies
above the monument, where are his gauntlets curiously
finished and gilt; his coat of arms quilted with fine cotton
and embroidered with gold. The sword was taken away by
Oliver Cromwell.
Translation of the French inscription :- $. -->
“Here lies the most noble Prince Edward eldest son of the most noble
King Edward III., Prince of Acquitaine and Wales, Duke of Cornwall and
Earl of Chester, who died on Trinity Sunday, the 8th of June, 1376. To the .
soul of whom God grant mercy, — Amen.” ---
HENRY IV. --
On the north side is an elegant monument of marble, on ,
º
THE CAN TERBURY GUIDE. 57
which at full length are the effigies of Henry IV., King of
England, and Joan, his second Queen, under a canopy paint-
ed with three shields of arms, the devices and mottos of
which enrich the cornice of the canopy. He was the son of
john of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, (son of Edward III,) and
was first Duke of Hereford in his father's lifetime, from whom
he very probably imbibed the ambition of succeeding to the
Crown. With Henry IV. lies buried his second Queen, Joan,
daughter of the King of Navarre, and relict of John Duke of
Bretagne, whom the King married at Winchester in the year
1403. She was crowned in Westminster Abbey on the 26th of
January in the same year, and died on the Ioth day
of July in the year 1437, at Havering Bower, in Essex.
In the same tomb is said to be buried Mary de Bohun,
daughter of Humphrey, Earl of Hereford, Countess of Derby,
and first wife of King Henry IV., but falsely, for she, dying
in the year 1394, was buried in the College of Leicester.
In the middle of this chapel, between the tombs of Henry IV and the Black
Prince, stood formerly the celebrated shrine of Archbishop Becket. The
shrine was raised above six feet high, all of stone, then upwards of timber.
plain, within which was an iron chest containing the Archbishop's bones and
skull. The timber work on the outside was covered with plates of gold de-
corated and embossed with gold wires, garnished with brooches, angels'
chains, precious stones, and great orient pearls. On the top was placed in the
year 1314 a golden ornament which cost £7 10s , equivalent at least to £70
now The crown of his head, which was cut off by the assassins, was pre-
served by itself in an altar adjoining to the east énd of the church, which
still retains the name of Becket's Crown This was richly adorned with silver,
gold, and jewels to the value of one hundred and fifteen pounds twelve shil-
lings in the year 1316 ; a large carpet of silk was thrown over it. When the
shrine was demolished at the Reformation the treasure of it filled two large
chests which six or eight men could scarce carry; and the same time the bones
were burnt on the pavement of the Church.
Inscription to Dr. Nicholas Wotton :-
“Nicholas Wotton, son of Sir Thomas Wotton, knt. (by Anne Belknappe),
Doctor of Laws, first Dean of this Church, and also dean of the Metropolitical
Church of St. Peter's, York; a Privy Councillor to Henry VIII. and
Edward VI, Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth ; he was twice sent as
Ambassador to Charles V., once to Philip, King of Spain, once to Francis I.,
King of France, twice to Henry II, his son, once to Mary Queen of Hungary,
and Governess of the Netherlands, and twice to William, Duke of Cleves.
He was one of the Plenipotentaries at the renewal of peace between the
English, French, and Scotch ; between Guines and Ardres in the year 1546,
and also at Chateau-Cambresis in 1549, and lastly at Edinburgh in Scotland,
1560. And here at length, being almost 70 years of age, he rests in peace.
About the middle of the reign of Edward VI., he was made one of the princi-
pal Secretaries of State which post he add all his friends begged leave for him
to resign. He was slender and low in stature, but straight and well shaped;
58 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE
his constitution was firm, and his countenance was open, his diet sparing.
which he never took but once a day; his health so strong that he was seldom
affected with any disease; his mind was wholly devoted to books and learning
intent on the studies of Art, Physics, Laws, Divinity, and richly stored with a
knowledge of the Latin, Italian, French, and Low Dutch languages. This
man who was famous by birth, but more famous for his honourable embassies,
and most of all for his employment, both foreign and domestic, flourishing in
honour, worn out with toils, wasted with age, after he had been Dean of this
Church 25 years and 293 days, piously and calmly slept in the Lord, at
London, January 26, 1566, leaving for his heir, Thomas Wotton, his nephew,
who has erected this monument to him, not to do him honour, for that he
abundantly enjoyed while living, and inherits after death, but out of true
love and reverence to his immortal memory " *.
Near the east window, on the north side, is the plain brick
monument, plastered over, of CARDINAL POLE, the last
Catholic Archbishop interred in this Cathedral. The whole
inscription on the tomb was— - .
“The body of Cardinal Pole.”
And over it—
“Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord.”
At the feet of the Black Prince is an elegant altar tomb for
Archbishop Courtney, with his figure lying at full length upon
it in his robes, with his mitre and crosier.
At the feet of Archbishop Courtney, and between two
pillars, a plain tomb, not unlike the shape of a turf grave but
higher, and composed of bricks plastered over, contains the
remains of Odo Coligny, Bishop elect of Beauvais, and
Cardinal Castilion ; he fled to England in 1568, and was
graciously received by Queen Elizabeth. He died suddenly
by poison, administered by one of the servants in an apple.
SOUTH AISLE OF THE CHURCH.
SAINT ANSELM'S or the CHAPEL of SAINT
PETER and SAINT PAUL, is on the left of this aisle.
Over the chapel is a closet, which has a window looking into
the choir with an iron grating. This has been shown as the
place where John II., King of France, was confined when
taken prisoner, and brought to this country by Edward the
Black Prince; but it is highly improbable that it was ever
used for such a purpose. Archbishop Meopham lies buried
in this chapel, his tomb is of black marble, and stands almost
within the grating, under an ordinary stone near the south
window.
ARCHIBISHOP KEM Hº.
“Here lies the most Reverend Father in Christ our Lord, John Kemp,
THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. 59.
Cardinal Bishop of the Holy Roman Church by the title of St. Rufina, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, who died on the 22nd day of May, A.D., 1453. On
- whose soul God have mercy, Amen.”
The great window at the west-end of the nave was built in
the year 14oo. The upper compartment contains the arms
of Richard II. ; the next, six small figures relating to his
family; the third, ten saints; the fourth the twelve apostles,
with a youth kneeling and censing on the South side, and
another figure kneeling on the north. Below these there are
seven of our English Kings, wearing crowns and holding
Sceptres.
Amongst the monuments that have lately been erected, is
one to the late Archbishop Howley, on the north side of the
altar, between Archbishops Bouchier and Chicheley; one to
Bishop Broughton, first Bishop of Sidney, New South
Wales; he was educated at the King's School, and married
the daughter of the late Rev. John Francis, Second Master
of the King's School; it is situated in the south aisle of the
nave : in the north aisle is one to the late Dean Lyall. In
the nave there are also menorials to Lieut.-Colonel Stuart,
who fell at the battle of Roleia; to Sir George Gipps, late
Governor of New South Wales; to Lieutenant Bennett, who
was shot in Bossenden Wood by the noted Thomas, alias
Courtenay ; and several to the officers and men who fell in
the various battles in India during the Sikh war; to the
Hon. James George Beaney, M.D., member of the Legislative
Council of Australia and native of this city, to Edward Parry,
Bishop of Dover, Archdeacon of Canterbury and Canon
Residentiary of this Cathedral.
Before leaving the Cathedral Precinóts, the visitor should
pass through the “Dark Entry’ into the Green Court ad-
joining which are the buildings of
THE KING'S SCHOOL.
The Foundation consists of 25 Probationerships of the value
of £Io 4s. 8d., tenable for two years; 15 Junior Scholar-
ships of the value of £15 15s., tenable for five years; and Io
Senior Scholarships of the value of £30 a year. The holders
of the Senior Scholarships are elected from the Junior
Scholars, and hold their Scholarships till the end of the fifth
year from the time when they were admitted Junior Scholars.
Boys are eligible to the Junior Scholarships after they have
attained their ninth and before they have reached their
sixteenth birthday ; to Probationerships after they have
\,
60 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
attained their ninth and before they have reached their
fourteent'ſ birthday. The examinations for Senior Scholar-
ships are held once a year, in July ; those for Junior.
Scholarships and Probationerships twice a year, in July and
December. w”
Two Heyman Exhibitions, value £30 per annum, tenable
at the school for four years. The exhibitioners are to be
elected by competitive examination for boys under 14, who
are (I) descendants of Peter Heyman, or (2) of the surname
of Heyman, or (3), in default, natives of Sellinge, in Kent.
If no qualified candidate presents himself, the Exhibition
shall for that time be thrown open to general competition
amongst boys who are being educated in the King's School.
Four Exhibitions, value A 50 per annum, to be held for
four years.(one is vacant annually), tenable in any College in
Oxford or Cambridge.
Dr. Shepherd's and Mr. Gilbert's Gifts, each of £30, as an
outfit for College, are given alternately to the first exhibi-
tioner in each year.
Two Exhibitions, value £50 (i.e. over £40 and rooms), to
be held for four years, recurring every alternate year, tenable
at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. .*
One Exhibition, founded by Mr. Bunce, value £30, to be
held for four years at any College in Oxford or Cambridge,
recurring once every four years. This is augmented to £50
per annum as long as the income of the King's School
Bursar's Fund will admit of it.
The Stanhope Exhibition, 4 Io per annum, augmented by
Donations to £50, tenable for four years at any College in
Oxford or Cambridge.
Two Exhibitions are vacant annually. Candidates for any.
of them must have been educated in the King's School for
the two years last preceding their election. * ** x
Two Ford Studentships of £50, tenable for three years at
Trinity College, Oxford.
An Exhibition also for boys leaving the school and not
going to either of the Universities, will be given whenever
the funds at the disposal of the Exhibition Committee will
allow. -
Among the eminent men who have been King's Scholars,
THE CANTERBURY GUIDE, 61
we may mention Dr. Harvey, who discovered the circulation
of the blood; Marlow, the Dramatist; and Lord Tenterden,
the late Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Queen's Bench.
The ancient Norman staircase near the school is said to be
, the most perfeót specimen of that style of archite&ture at
present in existence.
Lists of Archbishops buried in the Cathedral and to whom Shrines
*
and Monuments were erected.
The names and the persons whose Monuments are still in existence are
printed in Italics.
Year of Death. Archbishops Situation of Monument or Shrine.
758 Cuthbert............... at the altar of St. Stephen.
762 Bregwin ............... behind the altar of St. Gregory.
806 Athelard..............., at the altar of St. Stephem.
831 Wilfred ............... at the altar of St. Martin.
832 Feolgeldus ............ before the altar of St. Michael.
870 Ceolnorth ........... behind the altar of St. Benedict.
889 Athelred............... close to the north wall of the crypt of Trinity
- Chapel.
915 Phegemund ......... behind the altar of St. Gregory.
924 Aldhum ............... behind the altar of St. Benedict.
984 Wulfhem............... before the altar of St. Bel:edict.
958 Odo ... ... ............. behind the old altar of the Holy Trinity Chapel.
9SS Dunstan .............. on the south side of the Presbytery.
989 AEthalgar ............ at the altar of St. John the Evangelist.
993 Siricious ............... at the altar of St. Paulinus,
1006 Afric .................. at the altar of St. John the Evangelist.
1012 Elphege ............... on the north side of the Presbytery.
1020 iving.................. at the altar of St. Martin.
1038 Ethelnoth ............ before the altar of St. Benedict.
1050 Eadsin.................. north wall of the crypt of Trinity Chapel
1089 Lanfranc close to the south wall of Trinity Chapel. after-
wards removed to the altar of St. Martin.
1109 Anselm ..... ......... in the chapel named after him
1122 Rodulph ............... in the middle of the nave
1136 William Corboil...... at the altar of St. Benedict.
1161 Theobald............... close to the north wall of Trinity Chapel, after-
wards removed to the Chapel of the Blessed Virgin
i 170 Thomas à Becket ... in the crypt of Trinity Chapel, afterwards to the
shrine behind the High Altar.
1183 Richard ............... in the Chapel of the Blessed Virgin.
1205 Hubert Walter ...... near the south wall of the Choir.
1228 Stephen Langton ... in the Chapel of St. Michael.
1292 John Peckham ...... at the north part of the Church, near the place of
the martyrdom of St. Thomas.
1313 Robert Winchelsea ... near the altar of St. Gregory.
1327 Walter Reynolds ... South wall of the Choir. *s
1333 Simeon Meopham ... in St. Anselm's Chapel.
1348 John Stratford ...... by the step of St. Dunstan's altar.
1348 John Ufford ......... under a flat stone in Martyrdom
1349 Thos. Bradwardin... in the Chapel of St. Anselm, near the south wall.
1366 Simon Islip,........ ... north side of the Nave.
62 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. -,
1874 William Wittlesey... body laid in wood ashes and buried in the Cathedral.
- site unknown *
1381 Simeon Sudbury...... on the south side of the altar of St. Dumstan.
1396 Wm. Courteney...... mear the shrine of St. Thomas, to the south. .#
I 413 Thomas Arundel .... “In his chapel on the north side of the Nave.”
Former exact position unrecorded.
1443 IIenry Chicheley ... north side of Presbytery, in a tomb which he con-
structed while living.
1452 John Stratford ...... in the transept of the Martyrdom.
l453 John Kempe ......... between the archiepiscopal throne and tomb of
John Stafford at the south door of the Presbytery.
Year of Death. Archbishops. Situation of Monument or Shriue.
1486 Thos. Bouchier...... at the north of the High Altar. .*
1500 John Morton ......... in a chapel constructed by himself in the crypt
under Archbishop Stafford.
1502 Henry Dean ......... near the place of Thomas à Becket's Martyrdom.
1532 William War ham... in a chapel which he built while living, near the
place of St. Thomas à Becket's Martyrdom.
1558 Reginald Pole ...... on the nºrth side of the Coroma.
1 S96 Edward White Benson
FELICS,
316 St. Blaise............... behind the High Altar.
585 St Salvins ............ over the High Altar.
— St. Valgamius......... cver the altar of St. Stephem.
St:2 St. Swithin............ over the altar of St. Martin.
S 60 St. Andeon............ in the crypt under the altar of St. Gregory.
7 09 St. Wilford of York behind the High Altar of the IIoly Trinity, after-
wards removed to the north side of the Corona.
St. Sibergus............ before the altar of St. Michael,
Churches in the Neighbourhood of Canterbury
that are worthy of attention.
lèeculver, Herne, Shaldwich, Bishopsbourne, Patrixbourne, Well-
chapel near Wingham, Barson, or Bayfrostone, Chartham,
and Chilham.
A brief notice of the Churches remarkable for their
antiquities, situated around Canterbury, may not be uninter-
esting ; and without giving a detailed description of them, we
shall attempt, in as concise a manner as possible, to direct
attention to the most important objects contained within them.
RECULVER.
Of this church the two towers only now remain, popularly
known as the “Twin Sisters
7
—it was called by the Romans
JRegulbium, and by the Saxons at first Reculf, and after Reculf.
*
*. t
THE CANTERB URY GUIDE. 63
**
cester, on account of its castle, and Reculf-minister, on account
of the Monastery built at it. It is a spot of much importance
for historic association. Ethelbert, King of Kent, having
embraced the Christian faith and given to Augustine his
palace at Canterbury, is said, about the year 597, to have
retired with his court, and built a palace here which con-
tinued a royal residence till King Egbert, as an atonement for
the murder of his two nephews, gave it, in the year 669, to a
priest named Bassa, to build a monastery on it for monks of
the Benedictine Order, dedicating it to St. Mary. There is
a tradition that these towers were erected by an Abbess of
Faversham, in token of affection for the memory of her
sister, who together with herself, suffered shipwreck here;
her sister, although rescued from the waves, died within a few
hours, from the effects of fatigue and terror. So great was
the reverence formerly entertained for the Sanétity of this
edifice, that it was for many ages the custom of the sailors to
lower the topsails of all vessels which passed the Reculvers.
HERN E.
The church was anciently accounted as one of the chapels
belonging to the church of Reculver, and appertained to the
ancient See of Canterbury. It is deserving of attention from
the number of brasses and monumental effigies it contains,
among which may be enumerated a figure of a priest in
brass for John Darely, S.T.B., once Vicar ; a memorial for
Christopher Mills. Esq., Clerk to Queen Anne's robes, and of
King James and King Charles' Privy Chamber, and of Mary
his second wife, and Edward his eldest son ; also the arms in
brass of the family of Finuex, Knight, who died in the reign
of King Henry VII. ; another, within the altar rails, for
Elizabeth, wife of Sir John Fineux, having three shields of
arms, viz., Paston Fineux, and Fineux impaling Paston. A
stone, with inscription of John Fineux, Esq., and Margaret
his wife, Christian wife of Matthew Phelp, goldsmith, once
Mayor of London, obit. I.470. There are in various parts of
the church a number of interesting monuments erected to the
memory of the Mills and Knowler family; Samuel Mills, Esq.,
was M.P. for Canterbury in the reign of King George I.
On the other side of the South porch entrance, are the
ancient “Holy Water Stoups,” almost entire.
SHELD WICH.
This church contains a number of monumental brasses,
64 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
among which is one to the memory of John Celey, and
Isabella his wife, dated 1429; there is only one portion of the
coat of arms left. In the aisles are memorials of the Southouse
family; in the chancel of the Belk family; also one with a .
brass plate, containing the figure of a woman, for Joane wife
of William Marrys, bearing date 1431, and a stone with the
figures of a man and woman in brass, the man having a lion
under his feet, for Sir Richard Atte Lese and Dionesia his
wife, dated 1394. *.
BISHOPSBOURNE.
The Church is worthy of notice, from the fact of its contain.
ing the remains of Richard Hooker, author of eight works on
Ecclesiastical Polity, five of which were written whilst he was
rector of this parish. His tomb in the chancel was erected .
in 1632, by Sir William Cowper, Knt., and Bart.
PATRIXISOURNE.
Tlais beautiful little church, with its Norman doorways, and
arches, and its circular east window, has been tastefully
restored by the Marquis Conyngham ; whose seat is in the
immediate neighbourhood, It is now, with the exception of
one portion, which is partitioned off for private use, a perfect-
model of a church.
WELL CHAPEL, NEAR WINGHAM.
The picturesque ruins of this little church, now almost
completely overgrown with ivy, are well worth a visit ; they
stand by the side of a little stream (in a beautiful park, con-
taining some magnificent cedar trees), opposite a mansion
known as “The Howletts,” in the parish of Bekesbourne.
The church was entire in 1535, when “Thos. Franklyn, parson
of Ickham, devised a legacy to the repair of it.”
The “Holy Water Stoup,” on the right hand side of the
entrance, still remains.
BARSON, OR BARFRESTON.
This grand old church, so well known to every lover of
antiquity from the numerous photographs and engravings
which have been published, is a curious and unique specimen
of Anglo-Saxon architecture; it has recently been restored.
It consists of a body and chancel, separated by a circular arch
supported by two elegant wreathed pillars; the cornice is
ornamented with a row of singularly shaped heads ; there is.
* THE GANTERBURY GUIDE; 65
a beautiful circular east window; at the foot of the wall are
two circular arches forming recesses, probably intended as
- places of sepulture for the founders of the church. The grand
south entrance is most curiously sculptured with rows of
figures of various kinds; there are niches for statues all round
the building, and traces in every portion of the exquisite
taste of the architect.
CHARTHAM CHURCH.
This contains numerous interesting brass and other monu-
mental memorials; the most noted is in the chancel, consisting
of a man in armour, cross-legged, with his Sword and spurs
in full proportion, inlaid with brass, with his sur-coat of arms,
viz., three wheat screens or fans, being for one of the Septvans
family. In the north aisle are some brasses, bearing the arms
of Clifford. In various parts of the church will be found
similar remains. There is also a fine monument of variously
coloured marble, belonging to members of the Fagge family.
Ar CHILHAM.
Chilham is celebrated for its castle, which is still standing,
but it can also boast of a very beautiful and tastefully restored
parish church, which contains some magnificent marble
monuments.
EXTRACTS FROM ANCIENT CITY RECORDS.
The Ancient Records of the City show the existence of many remark-
able customs and minutes in early times. The following extracts
may not prove uninteresting.
1236. The Dominican, or Black Fryars, preachers, settle in Canterbury.
1272. The records of the Court of Burgmote (held under the charter of King
Henry III, who grants that a burghmote may be holden in the . City
once in fifteen days) are written in Latin on small rolls of parchment.
In 1463 all its orders recorded on paper rolls, and so continued until 1542,
when they are first entered into books. The Court of Burghmote has
been assembled by the sound of the horn, nearly, if not ever since its
institution. *
1273. The Grey or Franciscan Friars settle in the island called Binnewyth in
this City.
1825. The Augustine Mendicant White Friars settle in Canterbury.
1330. The original deed of foundation, of this date, of Trinity Chapel in St
Dunstan's Church, is in the Chamber of this City.
1881. In the City's registers of wills, mention is made of the iron cross in st
Margaret'É, then called Tierùeerouëhe.
*
*. ~~ * --- *- : <-s *. * - •4.
--- * --- #
&
66 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE,
1886. In the same register, notice is taken of the four-headed crouch, in St.
Paul's, within the City's liberty. *
1388. The parish of St. Edward by ridingate is named in that register.
1393. . The custom of the City respecting the freedom by birth is granted with- s
out fine as at present, and by marriage on paying 11%d. on admission,
are the same as at this day ; there are no instances of persons admitted
by apprenticeship at this period, nor until 1520. The routal property
of the Bayliffs consists of the mill at Eastbridge, one tower at the water-
lock, Ware Lane, in St Mildred's, Tower at Newingale, the King's Head,
in Northgate and Hackington, the Aldermanry of Westgate, let at 206. .
a year. John Lord's house in St. George's Street, which adjoins west-
ward to the White Friars gate a piece of land by the castle, the house
of the brothers, of the sac in St. Peter's, and of the Gravel pit field of -
four acres in Wincheap. The yearly rents of all which estates, exclusive
of the mill, amounted to £4 11s. 10d. *
1406. The Bailiffs purchase the Lion in St. Mary Bredman's ; and in 1408
make Several considerable alterations therein, and in the Moothall
adjoining. In 1427 the hall is first called the Guildhall; in 1439 it is
rebuilt.
1411. The wages of the Burgesses to Parliament are paid by the cofferers of
the Chambers at 2s, a day each burgess, while on duty in Parliament
and absent from his family.
1418. King Henry the Fifth is in Canterbury, and is presented by the bailiffs -
with bread and other articles to the amount of £1.4s. 10d." 3-.
1421. The Cemetery of Holy Cross, Westgate, is enlarged by a purchase from
the Bailiffs of the land called Roziers,
1428. The crooked lane in St. George’s leading from the cloth market, near the
east gate of the Augustine Friars towards St. Mary Bredin's Church, is "
first letten to the prior at the Friary. In three years afterwards another
crooked lane opposite to that Church, extending from the new stone wall
to a wooden gate SheepShank lame is also letten to him. Picknot lane ,
in St. Andrew’s other part of Quenygate lame the Barbicam, near the
t gate of the castle (where in 1553 a cross stood) the hermitage and hog
market, the latter of which extends from Newingate to Redyngate within
the walls, the old Dungeon field, and the greater part of the dyke -
surrounding the city’s walls are mow first letten to tenants. *
1448, King Henry VI., by charter, dated 22nd of August, 1448, grants that the
citizens of Canterbury, on the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross
then next, instead of Bailiffs, may choose one person of the same, to be
mayor of the city for the Government thereof; and so, from year to year
shall choose this mayor for ever. On the 14th Sept., 1448, John Lynde
who the preceding year was one of the bailiffs, is elected by the freemen -
the first mayor of the city. * * *
1449, Citizens take a hermit mamed Bluherd, who headed an insurrection, his
head was decapitated, and placed over the Westgate of this city,
1450. King Henry VI., is at Canterbury this year.
1361, King Edward IV., by charter makes the city of Canterbury a county indepen;
dent of the county of Kent. Beside the visit King Edward IV. made to the city
this year he paid many more, afterwards to the tomb of St. Thomas the
Martyr, in the Cathedral. The accounts for 1469-1470, show that Edward
J. IV. and his Queen were in Canterbury, and were received as before at the ,
Guildhall, Their Majesties came in 1471, viz., at Easter, and Michaelmas,
and each time were received as before, 1475 when the King was on a visit
here, the city gave an entertainment at the Chequers to the Earl of
<
*.
THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. 67
1483.
1494,
1500.
1501.
1502,
*
Essex, treasurers of England and many other noblemen and gentlemen
with wine and other costly fare, the whole expenses of which including a
porpoise, which was a rare dish in those days, and 8s. paid to the cook for
dressing the dinner, amounted to the large sum of 15s. 8%d. The King,
came to the city by night, on which occasion the porch of the church of
º Andrew was illuminated with four pounds of wax lights at the expense-
OI lS,
Hawkeswood's tenement in Allhallows lane (since called Best lane), parcel of
the Three Tuns, afterwards converted into storehouse, and so used for many
years by the corporation, comes in their possession this year.
Courts of Pie-powder are held in the city, but are discontinued about 1604'
This court is mentiomed in a record under the title of Pleas of the Court
of our Lord the King of Pie-powder, of the city of Canterbury, Bollock
lane, in St. Mildred’s is letten to a tenant and enclosed.
Cokyn's lane in St. Peter's street, is first letten to a tenant, and has lately
been sold.
The house at the Westgate, is constantly in the hands of the Mayor for
the time being, at the rent of 42s, a year,
The new market near the church of St. Margaret, is paved with Folkestone
stone. In 1490 the toll of the market are first letten to a tenant.
The tollinger is allowed 10s. for Satisfaction of the loss which he sustain in the
time of the exchange of the market from the women of Whitstable for the
space of one month, and until their anger abates and they do sell their
fish in the new market.
King Richard III visits the city soon after his coronation; and refusing the
city's gift of 50 marks of money, the corporation present his Majesty
with four large fatted boars.
The Corporation present a purse of gold, containing in nobles £13 6s. 8d. to
the Lady Elizabeth, wife of Henry VII, in the first year of her coming
hither after the coronation, viz., 10th April. The Corporâtion at this time
receive £3 17s. 2d. a year for the toll of the fishermen at their shambles
and shops standing in Burgate street.
The King and Queen's foot soldiers are paid 10s. on their Majesties coming to
Canterbury in April. The King's heavy men 3s. 4d. in regard and not of
right: and in likewise the King's clerk of the market is paid 3s. 4d. by
reasons that the Mayor held an inquisition as clerk of the market, in the
presence of the King, and by his instruction,
Expense of an entertainment given in that year. For a dinner made for the
Lord Chief Justice and Mr. Poynings at the Mayor's house, first in mutton
and veal 2s. 8d. lamb and marrow bones 2s. 1d. milk and curds 8d, 3 capons
8s, two dozen pigeons 10dź., butter 6d., cloves and mace 9d., cinnamon and
ginger 7d., pepper 3d, raisins and currants 8d., Blbs, sugar Is., prunes 4d.,
dates 8d., comfits 4d, rabbits 4d, two bushels of meal 2s.
It is in contemplation to rebuild St. Michael's gate. The accounts mention
a payment of 8d. for engraving one iron, whelewith to mark murderers,
Jeremy Oxenbregge, the first person who obtained the freedom of the city by
apprenticeship. .*
The tent on the Blean is prepared for King Henry VIII., when he makes his
voyage into France, and three kilderkins of beer are provided. Pay 8d for
carrying the beer into Tunford, at which manor of Tunford the King
changes himself. Pay John Alcock for a cup of silver and gilt, with the
city arms engraved thereon, given to the Lady Catherime Queen of England.
on her first coming to the city, The common pound is placed at Westgate.
The pillory is removed from the store house to corn market, and kept thers
a ſºv on £ons *** * * * r *Yrjº tº ºf
\
* - $ .g. * *
- - -, - *4 ~"
A.
68 THE CANTERBURY GUIDE.
jº
:* &-
1514, Pay 1s, for the town clerk's horse, he riding with Mr. Rotland to Dover to
meet the Queen ; pay Mr. Rotlands expenses of 3s. 4d, riding to the road of .
grace, against the king's coming to know his pleasure, if Mr. Mayor shall
wait and receive his Majesty on his entering the city. ` 2
1511. The King and Queen are here with my Lord Cardinal. A pair of butts for *
archery is erected over the city's dyke in Northgate. A new cage is built
by the pillory at the corn market.
1520. A ducking stool is provided. A post is set up before the Court hall to hang
on the letters expressing the ordering of vituals and lodgings for pilgrims in
this year of grace.
1521. Henry VIII. Charles W. and Cardinal Wolsey are entertained by the Arch-
bishop ; all the city officers had new gaberdines on the occasion Pay 1s.
for a riband of silk to bind the keys of Westgate when delivered to the -
Emperor. Pay £5 0s. 9d. for making one of the little crosses on the top of "
the cross at the bullstake, also for repairing and painting the cross, and for
gilding the star. The customs of the city are proclaimed from the beginning
of every year.
1527. Pay 1s. for four score of cresset lights, to give light to the Ambassador in
fºllows lane, and 4d. to a man to wait upon the cresset to feed the
ight,
1533. Pay 10s. for 12 capons for my Lord of Canterbury at his enthronisation.
Sand laid in the street for the said Lord to go upon bare feet from the
house of Mr. Christopher Hales, the King's attorney, where the said Lord
changes himself.
I536. The Corporation keep Swans on the Stour. St. George's gate as prison for
freemen, ; no person allowed to buy or sell less than six eggs for 1d. On
pain of 12d.
1537. The Grand Jury present the wife of John Taylor, for living viciously, and
for the which her husband hath forsaken her; and the Jury desire that
she be banished by the feast of St. James' next, under the pain of open
punishment in the ducking stool, -ex
1542. Three bells are sold to the parishioners of Nether Hardres, out of the
Church of St. Mary Castle. 3.
1544. The common clerk is to have one shop adjoining the Court-hall calle
the Fyle upon the condition that he shall there, or one for him,
do the duty of his office, and instruct children During winter,
every dark night, the aldermen, common council and inn-holders,
are to find one candle, with light, at their doors, and the other in-
habitants are to do in like fashion, upon request : and if any lantern
be stolen, the offender shall be set in the pillory, at the Mayor's
discretion; the candles are to be lightod at six, and continued till
burnt out.
1549. The Sheriff of the city pays a fine, 3s. 4d., for wearing his beard. . .
1555. Every Alderman, within one quarter of a year after he is sworn, is to .
provide one gown of scarlet colour, to be furred with black boge only."
1556. The Mayor, before Christmas yearly, is to plovide for his wife, ther
Mayoress, one scarlet gown, with bonnet of velvet, made for her to
wear under the penalty £10. ~
(558. On the 8th July, Queen Mary passed through the city, and is presented
by the Corporation with a purse containing 20 angels. Her Majesty º
departs from Canterbury and rides through Wincheap; and before
her grace rides the Mayor, bearing the mace of the city, till he comes
*
**
* -º **
!.
**
º
--- *
THE CANTERBURY. GUIDE, - 6g”
to the lane leading to the meadow, late Sir James Hales, at which
the Sheriff of Kent requires him to lay down his mace, which the
. Mayor denies to do; but says that he will bear his mace as far as
the liberty of the city goes; all which way the Sheriff of Kent gives
place, and wears no rod.
1562. Morning Prayer, is to be said every day, being no holiday, at six in
the morning, in the Parish Church of our Lady in the High-street ;
unto which prayer shall come Mr. Mayor with his brethren, and the
rest of the house of Burghmote having no lawful let.
1567. A company of Walloons or strangers, is allowed to inhabit within the
liberties of the city, by order from the Queen's Council, under the
direction of the Rurghmote. ---
1571. Pay 9d. for writing papers, for witches and to the keeper's man for
ringing the bason. The Grand Jury present Mother Hudson of the
parish of St. Mary Dungeon, for that they vehemently suspect her
to be a witch.
1572. Two Beadles are appointed for the whole city, one to be in Northgate,
-- Burgāte, and Newingate, and the other in Westgate, Worgate, and
Redingate ; who are to look to hedge breakers and wood carriers, and
other disordered persons, and bring them before the warders of the
hospital.
1573. Queen Elizabeth keeps her court at the Abbey of St. Augustine’s near
this city. The corporation receive the queen and present her Majesty
with £30 in a scented pulse. At this time fines are paid to the chamber
for licence to kill bulls, without first baiting them at the bullstake,
1576. A gallows is erected at Ote-hill; where from this time criminals are
executed.
1577. The corporation provide candles for the morning prayers and lectures
at Christ Church.
1579. The foot post is paid 3s. 4d. for carrying letters to London.
1580. - The Grand Jury present three persons, dwelling in St. Andrews, for
keeping open shop ; being unmarried and under the age of 30 years.
1582 Queen Elizabeth makes her second visit to the city. Gravel is dug to
lay in the streets, while her majesty is here. At this period the
tanners of the city have a market for their leather on the south west
side of the Whitstable market,
1585. An act of Parliament passes for the better foundation of the Hospital
of St. Thomas the Martyr at Eastbridge.
*** 1587. Edward Holland is allowed 18s. 4d. in consideration that every session and
all times when required, he shall attend the mayor as his cook.
1590. The court of burghmote appoints six watchmen to guard the city by night.
as- The plague rages at Canterbury.
1596. The corporation expend nearly £1,400 on the river.
- 1597. The city provide 15 soldiers, who are paid by an assessment on the inha-
*
bitants.
1598. At this time assessments were raised weekly for the maintenance of the
poor. A carved post is set at the Guildhall door, at which rogues and
idle persons are punished,
76 : THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. " . . .
* ^. -- .* a *, * “, 3
1603. Margaret Yokins and her mother are executed for murder, and their goods
s taken to the city's use.
{ * . . -
1609. A sword is now first borne before the Mayor of the city; the cost of which
º: with the scabbard, is £10 6s. ' - -
1613. The court hall is prepared for the King and prince. . Pay 5s. to the five
waits, for playing the loud music from the top of All Saints' Church, at . .
the coming into the city by Westgate, of the Prince, his sister the Lady "
Elizabeth, and the Palsgrave her husband. They were received at West-
gate by the Mayor, all the Aldermen and Common Council, with all the
Shot to the number of eighty, with halberds, &c., la their red soldiers'
coats, new hats and feathers, half on the one side of the street, and the
other half on the other side, guarding them from Westgate to the further
gate of Christ Church, when they went into the Dean’s house to lodge,
where they continued nine days. A pike lent from the Courthall at the
request of the Dean to hang out at the top of the Bell Harry steeple, to
know when the wind did shift well, for the Palsgrave and the Lady
Elizabeth, his wife, to take shipping at Margate.
1620. A handsome conduit is erected at the expense of George Abbott, Arch- -
& bishop of Canterbury, in the centre of the city, for the benefit of the
inhabitants,
1624. At this period the price of beer is set by the Court of Session ; the brewers
- are ordered to sell their strong beer at 8s. the barrel and no more.
1625. King Charles I, is at the Abbey of St. Augustine, with his Queen, Henrietta
gº of France. -
1626. The duties of the Common Beadle are defined. He shall walk the streets
of the city and attach all such rogues, vagabonds, beggars, and idle
persons as do resort to the city, and those persons he shall see punished .
* or set to work, or driven out of the city, and should the city be visited
by the plague he shall attend the searchers to the infected houses, and.
Joack to their own houses again, and by walking before the bodies from
infected houses to their graves.
1628. Common washing shambles are built on the river, near Bridewell.
1629. A fine.is received from a person, for beginning market before the bell is
rung. *
1630. Tents are made for the relief of the infected with the plague and set up in
the lower part of the Dungeon, where most out of sight of passengers.
163f. Order is taken for ending dispute between the waits of the city who play
% their music in the morning in the street, and for settling the number of
*. boys they are to keep.
1639, Eighty men are arrayed by the city, to be sent against the Scots.
1642. The city is to be speedily fortified. The ammunition purchased consist of
- 10 barrels of gunpowder, 100 weight of matches, 2 firkins of musket
bullets, 1 firkin and 1 rundulet of pistol bullets, 1100 and 1 quarter of
iron bullets of ordnance, and 1 bludering musket.
1643. In July the ordnance on the Dungeon are to be watched day and night by
the housekeepers of the city. In October it is directed that there be 12
watchmen for the day, and 14 for the night, of whom 2 shall be at St.
George's gate, 3 at Westgate, 2 at St. Andrews' Church, and 6 to walk
the rounds in two companies.
1645. The market cross at the bullstake is taken down.
1649. - The King's Arms at the Guildhall are taken down, and those of the
Commonwealth introduced in their stead, 3.
%
* THE CANTERBURY GUIDE. 71
1651;
1653,
.*
1657.
1664.
1668,
T 1670.
1673.
1679.
1681.
... 1684,
1685.
4-
1688.
1689.
1656.
**.
The corporation gave a dinner to the Lord General Cromwell in his
passage through the city.
Pay 8s. 9d. for a rope for Bell Harry which tolls every Saturday attan
in the morning, when the Mayor and Alderman attend to open the
market.
John Alcock, a labourer, is indicted for feloniously killing Thomas
Slawter at Canterbury, and being found guilty, it is asked of him if
he has anything to say why sentence should not proceed, who says
that he is a clerk and prays the benefit of clergy in this behalf to
be allowed, and thereupon comes James Lamb, Clerk, and the book
being delivered to John Alcock, the said John Alcock reads as a
clerk, therefore, it is considered that the aforesaid is a clerk, and
ordered to be burnt in his left hand.
Mr. John Cogân founds an Hospital for the Widows of Clergymen, in
St. Peter's in this city, adjoining to Cokyn's Hospital, which had
been united with Eastbridge Hospital.
The building erected by Mr. Sommer, over the market place at the
Bullstake is finished.
. The corporation pays for matting, and nailing the same down on the
seats and pews in Christ Church, where the Mayor, Aldermen and
Common Council, and the wives of the Aldermen have seats.
The corporation give a collation to Dr. Jacob for love and favour to
the city repairing Wincheap Gate.
The city gave a banquet to the Duke and Duchess of York, and to the
Prince and Duchess of Modena consisting of the following articles,
viz., candied cringo, dried suckets of all sorts, green citron, dried past,
dried pears and pippins, quince past, candied lettuce, dried apricots,
raspberry past, dried plums, rock candies, Savory amber 8, smooth
almonds, macaroons, iced march panes, prince biscuits, drop cakes a
large march-pane, with canary, claret and white wines.
Every inhabitant within the city and liberties is to watch in his own
person by turns, or provide a sufficient man in his stead; to con-
sist of 16 able men who are to wateh from ten at night till four in
the morning ; their stand is at the door of St. Andrew's Church.
A new large and fair silver gilt mace to bear before the Mayor of the
city, is purchased weighing 121 oz. 4 penny-weights. The price of
the mace is 362 10s.
Two labourers are paid for carrying the wooden horse from the town-
hall to the bridewell. *
Dr. Kay is paid £4 for reading Divine Service to the corporation in
the parish church of St. Andrew every burghmote during the year.
The Iron Bar, in Iron Bar-lane, is to be provided by the Chamber-
lain, according to ancient custom.
Thomas Turner, Gentleman, makes a present to the city of one great
light or lucidary, such as is on Cheapside, London, with all the iron-
work and materials thereof, which is to be fixed at the Bullstake, -
and lighted with oil for the general benefit of the inhabitants.
Alderman Gibbs is paid £10 for the painting over the chimney-piece
in the new chamber, and for painting the King's and city s arms in
thé Guihihall,
*:
*
i *-
PAGET
Ancient names of city 3
Antiquities discºvered 4:
Archbishops Palace'; 39.
Arms of the city ... 9.
Augustinian Monastry19
Barracks ... 33'
Bull Stake... 69
Burgate ... tº e -
IBurgate Ward
Caesar's arrival
Castle i
Cemetely ... ... 34
City walls and gates 9
Chequers Inn ... 15
Clergy Orphan.School 35
Congregationalchapel30
Corn and Hop Exch, 16.
County Gaol ... 23
Dane John... ... 27
Eadmer's History
Elementary Schools"
Foundation of city
French Church
.w
2.
4
28
31
- 3
Government of City 6
Green Count 37
Grey Friars ... 13
Guildhall ... 15
Hasted's remarks 5
Kent and Canter-
bury Hospital ...
King's School ... 59
Knights’ Templars 31
Markets ... ... 33
Market Cross ... 8
Masonic Temple 12
Military Church .. 33
Military Infirmary 33
Museum ... ... 30
Newingate Ward... 7
Northgate... 10
Northgate Ward ... 7
Priory of Black Friars13
Priory of St. Gregory 31
Prosperity of city... 5
Queen Bertha's Tomb 25
Ridingate ... ... 10
Ridingate Ward ... 8
River Stour 29
Roper's Mansion... 10
Seal of City • *
Session Bouse .
Sidney Cooper Gal,
& tº e
9
tº º tº 8 º
42
* ,
•
4. * * * & • * * > *
St. George's Gate..."
St. Pancras' Church
St, Thomas' Church
Suburbs ºr , ....
•Swimming Baths...
Walloons settled ...
Wards of the City
Worthgate... & © e
Worthgate Ward...
Wesleyan Chapel...
Westgate ... & ſº a
Cathedral.
Archbishops Buried
Archbishop Kempe
T. N. D. E. X ... "
* * 8. M , &
-- * ** A.
• * , *-
... " " £Age."
-St, Augustiné's Coll. 21.
‘9,
2}
17
34
34
5
7
61
58
Archbishop Peckham. 52
‘Baptistry ...”
'Black Prince
Cardinal Pole
Chapter House
Choir, or Screen ...
Cloisters
Cathedral ...
Dean Boys...
Dean Bargrave
Dean’s Chapel
Dean Potter
Dean Nevil t
Dean Rogers tº tº º
Dean Tulner tº e -
Dr. Chapman ...
Dr. John Battely ...
Dr. Nicholas Wotton
George Rooke º
Henry Chicheley ...
Henry IV.... • * *
Lady Thornhurst...
Library' e tº a
Lieutenant Prude...
Martyrdom
Measurement of
Cathedral
Meric Casaubon ...
Miss Jane Hardres
Monuments
Nave tº a wº
North Aisle
INorth Cross
Precincts of Cathedral;6
38
56'
58
38
45
39
39
50
50
49
51
51
50
50
52
53
57
54
56
56
54
38
53
42
-49
52
52
49
59-
55
52
Shmine of St. Thomas 46
Sir James Hale ...
SirThos.Thornhurst
55
page.
's. Anselm's Chapel 58
St. Michael's Chapel 53
Trinity Chapel
Windows ... † - 4
Window, St. Thomas 43
Parish Churches.
-
tº º ºs
All Saints’... - ... 15
Holy Cross ... 12
St. Alphege ... 30
St. Dunstan ... 11
56
48 °.
St. George the Martyr 16 , *
St. Gregory ... 33
St. Margaret ... 29 .
St. Martin. . ... .24
St. Mary Bredin ... 26.
St. Mary Magdalene 17
St. Mary Northgate 31
'St. Mildred ..., 28
St. Paul ... 18 -
St. Peter ... ... 18
St. Stephen ... 36
Rospitals,
Jesus’ tº & Gº ... 32
Maynard's... ... 29
St. John's .. ... 32
Sir Roger Manwood's 36
St. Nicholas * * *
St. Thomas' - ... 14
Neighbouring Churches,
Barfrestone 64
Bishopsbourne ... 64
Chartham ... ... 65
Chilham ..., ... , 65
Herne 63
Patrixbourne 64
Reculver .. ... 62
Sheldwich... ... 63
Well Chapel 64
Extracts from Records.
Ancient Records ... 65
Charter granted ... 6
Court of Burghmote 66
Court of Piepowder 67
Customs of the city 65
Duties of Town Clerk 68
Expenses of a Feast 67
Fire disasters by... 4
Morning Prayer daily 69
New Mace for city 71
Queen Mary arrives 69
Royal Visits - 6
• { * d
53
34.
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££3:### #####s,
TJ Lº HIOT, STIH} ER, HDIF, s
Auctioneers, Appraisers,
House Agente, Undertakers,
AND
CONTRACTORS FOR
HOUSEHOLD REMOVALS,
go & gº, PALACE STREET, “
CAWTERBURY,

I G H St RE ET, .
cANTEReury. Z$**
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May be had
* Eſmāīnt Wiltſhi;
, sº . ~~
st * † Galińſ
SN -- ~ *- 15 ROM -- a
TWOPENCE EACH,
Or in Oak Frame, comple:
1/6 each.
2- 3 & S- Q ,
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Qºſº. - THE PRINCESS OF WALES
, , . By AfyonTMENT TO ſº ºf , ſº
AND
THEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES PRINGESS CHRISTIAN.
HN R. HALLS
TRIPLE EXTRACT OF
OOD VIOLETS,
“Has a very decided and durable violet scent.”—The Queen.
~ I?ATRONIZED IBY
H.R.H. THE PRINCESS OF WALES.
H.R.H. PRINCESS. CHRISTIAN.
R H. the Princess L0UISE (Marchioness of, LORNE.
.R.H. Princess HENRY of BATTENBERG.
.R H. the Duchess of TECK.
R. H. the Hereditary Princess of SAXE-MEININGEN.
R.H. PrinceSS FREDERICK LEOPOLD Of PRUSSIA.
..I.H. the Grand Duchess of MECHLENBERG-SCHWERIN.
§§ the Countess of FLANDERS.
.S H.
.S.H
.S.H.
S.H.
.S.H.
H. PrinceSS LOUIS Of BATTENBERG
the PrinceSS CAROLINA MATILDA of SCHLºft *
HOLSTEIN.
Princess EDWARD of SAXE-WEIMAR.
the Duchess of SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN.
the Princess HENRY Of PLESS.
the Countess of ERBACH (Princess MARIE of
ºf & BATTENBERG.)
, H. PrinceSS CHRISTIAN WINDISCH-GRATZ.
.H. Princess BIBESCO (Roumania.) &c.
In Bottles, 1/6, 2/6, 4/6, 5/6, 7|6, 8/6, Io/6 & 21|s. Sachets, 1/-, 2/-, 3/6.
Heliotrope Essence .
I)ovedale, Moreton-in-Marsh, .
Lady Edward Churchill is much pleased with the Heliotrope S
“ Delicate and durable, can be well recommended.”—The Queen.
“ Singularly Sweet.”—Court Circular.
,' A delightful perfume.”—La Mode Illustrée.
In Bottles, 116, 216,416, 516, 716, 816, 1016, and 21 - Sachets, 1/-, 2-, 319
- -c - - - ------------------
Proprietor: EDWIN R. BIGGLESTON,
× MERCERY LANE, CANTERBURY.






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Pianofortes - - from 1 1s. 6d. per Mofith.
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By paying the Hire regularly for rii REE EARs the
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ext t payment, wº-
F.I. c. GOU [aid E. N.,
PIANOFORTE MANUFACTURER,
:39, & 40. II (; H STREET, CA NTERRU (; Y
GOULDEN & WIND, Pianoforte Faetory, Asti For 1,
GOULDEN & WIND, 97 iſ 1 (, H S rRt I. r \{Au}stos F.
GOULDEN & WIND (FRENCH), H to, it S rR r, MA) psi ox!
GOULDEN & WIN!), 29. Toº. 1 is Sn K fºol KL-Tox H.
GOULDEN & WIND, 12 \\ 1 st S : R t. 1 h A \ | Rs.11 A M,
GOULDEN & WIND, 63 H iſ, H S I R LI r S 1 1 ING Boii RN 1.
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GOULDEN, WIND & WORMALD, UCI It is ſº Astbou RNE.
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