SUPPLEMENTAR
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ARTES
1837)
SCIENTIA
LIBRARY VERITAS
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
E-PLURIBUS UNUM
SQUAERIS PENINSULAM AMOENAM
CIRCUMSPICE
PAUNATARAJ
•
:
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THE CORRESPONDENCE
OF
THOMAS CARLYLE
AND
RALPH WALDO EMERSON
1834—1872.
SUPPLEMENTARY LETTERS
BOSTON
TICKNOR AND COMPANY
1886
!
}
Copyright, 1885,
BY TICKNOR AND COMPANY.
All rights reserved.
University Press:
John Wilson and Son, CamBRIDGE.
CONTENTS.
CARLYLE. Chelsea, 13 April, 1839. Solicitude on account
of Emerson's silence. - Gift to Mrs. Emerson. - Book busi-
ness. New edition of French Revolution. — New lectures.
Better circumstances, better health.-Arthur Buller
urges a visit to America. Milnes. Emerson's growing
popularity.
EMERSON. Concord, 15 May, 1839. Arrangements with pub-
lishers. Matter for completion of fourth volume of Miscel-
lanies. Stearns Wheeler's faithful labor. —Arthur Buller's
good witnessing. Plans for Carlyle's visit to America.
Milnes. Copy of Nature for him
CARLYLE. Chelsea, 29 May, 1839. Lectures happily over.
Sansculottism. - Horse must be had. Extempore speaking
an art.
Must lecture in America or write a book.
Wordsworth. - Sterling. - Messages
CARLYLE. Scotsbrig, Ecclefechan, 4 September, 1839. Rusti-
cating. Arrival of Miscellanies. Errata. Reprint of
Wilhelm Meister. - Estimate of the book. Copies of
French Revolution sent. Eager expectation of Emerson's
book. Sterling. Plans
Gdj
CARLYLE. Chelsea, 8 December, 1839. Long silence.—Stay
in Scotland. Chartism. Reprint of Miscellanies.
Stearns Wheeler. Wilhelm Meister. - Boston steamers.
- Speculations about Hegira into New England. — Visitor
from America who had never seen Emerson. - Miss Mar-
tineau. — Silence and speech. — Sterling. — Southey. — No
longer desperately poor
PAGE
1
7
12
. 15
. 21
iv
Contents.
CARLYLE. Newby, Annan, Scotland, 18 August, 1841.
Speedy receipt of letter. Stay in Scotland. - Seclusion
and sadness. — Reprint of Emerson's Essays.—Shipwreck . 28
EMERSON. Concord, 29 June, 1845. Death of Mr. Carey.
Preparing to print
Portrait. - His own occupations.
p
·
Poems. - Lectures in prospect
CARLYLE. Chelsea, 11 November, 1845. Cromwell book sent.
Visit to Scotland. Changes there. - His mother.
Impatience with the times. Weariness with the Cromwell
book. Visit to the Ashburtons
CARLYLE. Chelsea, 3 January, 1846. Thanks to Mr. Hart,
Mr. Furness, and others. Cromwell proves popular.
New letters of Cromwell.
CARLYLE. Chelsea, 3 February, 1846. Second edition of
Cromwell. Emerson to do what he will concerning re-
publication. Anti-Corn-Law. Aristocracy and Milloc-
racy
CARLYLE.
Chelsea, 3 March, 1846. Cromwell lumber.
Sheets of new edition sent. Essay on Emerson in an Edin-
burgh Magazine. - Mr. Everett. -Jargon in Newspapers
and Parliament
•
CARLYLE. Chelsea, 18 April, 1846. Arrangements concern-
ing reprint of Cromwell. - Promise of Daguerrotype like-
ness. - Fifty years old. - Rides. Emerson's voice wholly
human. - Blessedness in work.
CARLYLE. Chelsea, 30 April, 1846. Photograph sent. Ar-
Putnam for republication of
W
rangements with Wiley and
Cromwell and other books. Photographs of Emerson and
himself. Remembrance of Craigenputtock
•
CARLYLE. Chelsea, 18 June, 1846. Bargain with Wiley and
Putnam. — Emerson's photograph expected
CARLYLE. Chelsea, 18 December, 1846. Long silence. — Dis-
consolate two months in Scotland.. Visit to Ireland. A
country cast into the melting-pot. - O'Connell. — Young
Ireland. Returned home sad. Miss Fuller; estimate of
her.
33
36
40
42
45
48
52
56
- What she thought of Carlyle. — Emerson's Poems . 59
Contents.
V
Margaret Fuller
EMERSON. Concord, May, 1852. Relations with Carlyle.
Carlyle's genius and his own.
EMERSON. Concord, 10 August, 1853. Slowness to write.
Regret at Clough's return to England. Miss Bacon.
Carlyle's visit to Germany. - Thackeray in America.
New York and its society
EMERSON. Concord, 1 May, 1859. Arrival of first volumes of
Frederick. - Illusion of children. — His own children.
correspondent of twenty-five years not to be disused
•
63
65
A
70
73
Extracts from Emerson's Diary respecting the Friedrich
EMERSON. Concord, 16 April, 1860. Mr. O. W. Wight's
new edition of the Miscellanies. Sight at Toronto of two
nephews of Carlyle. — Carlyle commended to the Gods . 75
EMERSON. Concord, 10 April, 1871. Account of himself and
his work. - Introduction to Plutarch's Morals. Oration
before the New England Society in New York. - Lectures
at Cambridge. Reprint of early writings. — About to go
to California
•
76
NOTE TO SUPPLEMENT.
THE hope that some of the letters missing from
it when this Correspondence was first published
might come to light, has been fulfilled by the re-
covery of thirteen letters of Carlyle, and of four
of Emerson. Besides these, the rough drafts of
one or two of Emerson's letters, of which the
copies sent have gone astray, have been found.
Comparatively few gaps in the Correspondence
remain to be filled.
These newly found letters have been inserted
in their proper places in an enlarged edition of
the Correspondence, but are here printed together
for the benefit of owners of the early edition. The
dates of the letters show their places in the
Correspondence.
Emerson's letter of 1 May, 1859, of which only
fragments were printed in the early edition, is now
printed complete; and the extract from his Diary
accompanying it appears in the form in which it
seems to have been sent to Carlyle.
December 31, 1884.
C. E. N.
SUPPLEMENT.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
CHELSEA, LONDON, 13 April, 1839.
MY DEAR EMERSON,-Has anything gone wrong
with you? How is it that you do not write to me?
These three or four weeks, I know not whether
duly or not so long, I have been in daily hope of
some sign from you; but none comes; not even
a Newspaper,-open at the ends. The German
Translator, Mr. Dwight, mentioned, at the end of
a Letter I had not long ago, that you had given a
brilliant course of Lectures at Boston, but had been
obliged to intermit it on account of illness.
news indeed, that latter clause; at the same time,
it was thrown in so cursorily I would not let myself
be much alarmed; and since that, various New
England friends have assured me here that there
was nothing of great moment in it, that the busi-
ness was all well over now, and you safe at Concord
Bad
1
2
Carlyle to Emerson.
again. Yet how is it that I do not hear? I will tell
you my guess is that those Boston Carlyleán Miscel-
lanies are to blame. The Printer is slack and lazy
as Printers are; and you do not wish to write till
you can send some news of him? I will hope and
believe that only this is it, till I hear worse.
I sent you a Dumfries Newspaper the other week,
for a sign of my existence and anxiety. A certain
Mr. Ellis of Boston is this day packing up a very
small memorial of me to your Wife; a poor Print
rolled about a bit of wood: let her receive it gra-
ciously in defect of better. It comes under your
address. Nay, properly it is my Wife's memorial
to your Wife. It is to be hung up in the Concord
drawing-room. The two Households, divided by
wide seas, are to understand always that they are
united nevertheless.
My special cause for writing this day rather than
another is the old story, book business. You have
brought that upon yourself, my friend; and must
do the best you can with it. After all, why should
not Letters be on business too? Many a kind
thought, uniting man with man, in gratitude and
helpfulness, is founded on business. The speaker
at Dartmouth College seems to think it ought to
Nor do I dissent. But the case is this,
be so.
Carlyle to Emerson.
3
Fraser and I are just about bargaining for a second
edition of the Revolution. He will print fifteen
hundred for the English market, in a somewhat
closer style, and sell them here at twenty-four shil-
lings a copy. His first edition is all gone but some
handful; and the man is in haste, and has taken
into a mood of hope,—for he is weak and aguish,
alternating from hot to cold; otherwise, I find, a
very accurate creature, and deals in his unjust
trade as justly as any other will. He has settled
with me; his half-profits amount to some £130,
which by charging me for every presentation copy
he cuts down to somewhere about £110; not the
lion's share in the gross produce, yet a great share
compared with an expectancy no higher than zero!
We continue on the same system for this second
adventure; I cannot go hawking about in search
of new terms; I might go farther and fare worse.
And now comes your part of the affair; in which
I would fain have had your counsel; but must ask
your help, proceeding with my own light alone.
After Fraser's fifteen hundred are printed off, the
types remain standing, and I for my own behoof
throw off five hundred more, designed for your
market. Whether five hundred are too many or
too few, I can only guess; if too many, we can re-
4
Carlyle to Emerson.
tain them here and turn them to account; if too
few, there is no remedy. At all events, costing me
only the paper and press-work, there is surely no
Pirate in the Union that can undersell us! Nay, it
seems they have a drawback on our taxed paper,
sufficient or nearly so to land the cargo at Boston
without more charge. You see, therefore, how it is.
Can you find me a Bookseller, as for yourself; he
and you can fix what price the ware will carry when
you see it. Meanwhile I must have his Title-page;
I must have his directions (if any be needed); nay,
for that matter, you might write a Preface if you
liked,— though I see not what you have to say, and
recommend silence rather! The book is to be in
three volumes duodecimo, and we will take care
it be fit to show its face in your market. A few
errors of the press; and one correction (about the
sinking of the Vengeur, which I find lately to
be an indisputable falsehood); these are all the
changes. We are to have done printing, Fraser
predicts, "in two months";-say two and a half !
I suppose you decipher the matter out of this plas-
tering and smearing; and will do what is needful in
it. “Great inquiry" is made for the Miscellanies,
Fraser says; though he suspects it may perhaps be
but one or two men inquiring often, - -the dog!
Carlyle to Emerson.
5
I am again upon the threshold of extempore
lecturing: on" the Revolutions of Modern Europe";
Protestantism, 2 lectures; Puritanism, 2; French
Revolution, 2. I almost regret that I had under-
taken the thing this year at all, for I am no longer
driven by Poverty as heretofore. Nay, I am richer
than I have been for ten years; and have a kind
of prospect, for the first time this great while, of
being allowed to subsist in this world for the
future: a great blessing, perhaps the greatest, when
it comes as a novelty! However, I thought it
right to keep this Lecture business open, come
what might. I care less about it than I did; it is
not agony and wretched trembling to the marrow of
the bone, as it was the last two times. I believe,
in spite of all my perpetual indigestions and ner-
vous woes, I am actually getting into better health;
the weary heart of me is quieter; I wait in silence
for the new chapter, feeling truly that we are
at the end of one period here. I count it two in
my autobiography: we shall see what the third is;
[if] third there be. But I am in small haste for
a third. How true is that of the old Prophets,
"The word of the Lord came unto" such and such
a one! When it does not come, both Prophet and
Prosaist ought to be thankful (after a sort), and
6
Carlyle to Emerson.
rigorously hold their tongue.
Lord Durham's
people have come over with golden reports of the
Americans, and their brotherly feelings. One Ar-
thur Buller preaches to me, with emphasis, on
a quite personal topic till one explodes in laughter
to hear him, the good soul: That I, namely, am
the most esteemed, &c., and ought to go over
and Lecture in all great towns of the Union, and
make, &c., &c.! I really do begin to think of it
in this interregnum that I am in. But then my
Lectures must be written; but then I must become
a hawker, ach Gott!
The people are beginning to quote you here: tant
pis pour eux! I have found you in two Cambridge
books. A certain Mr. Richard M. Milnes, M. P.,
a beautiful little Tory dilettante poet and politi-
cian whom I love much, applied to me for Nature
(the others he has) that he might write upon it.
Somebody has stolen Nature from me, or many
have thumbed it to pieces; I could not find a copy.
Send me one, the first chance you have. And see
Miss Martineau in the last Westminster Review: —
these things you are old enough to stand? They
are even of benefit? Emerson is not without a
select public, the root of a select public on this side
of the water too. - Popular Sumner is off to Italy,
Emerson to Carlyle.
7
the most popular of men,-inoffensive, like a worn
sixpence that has no physiognomy left. We pre-
ferred Coolidge to him in this circle; a square-cut
iron man, yet with clear symptoms of a heart in
him. Your people will come more and more to
their maternal Babylon, will they not, by the steam-
ers? Adieu, my dear friend. My Wife joins me
—
in all good prayers for you and yours.
THOMAS CARLYLE.
EMERSON TO CARLYLE.¹
CONCORD, 15 May, 1839.
MY DEAR FRIEND,- Last Saturday, 11th instant,
I had your two letters of 13th and 17th April. Be-
fore now, you must have one or two notes of mine
touching the stereotype plates: a proposition super-
seded by your new plan. I have also despatched
one or two sheets lately containing accounts. Now
for the new matter. I was in Boston yesterday,
and saw Brown, the bookseller. He accedes gladly
to the project of five hundred American copies of
1 In the first edition of this Correspondence a portion of this letter
was printed from a rough draft, such as Emerson was accustomed to
make of his letters to Carlyle. I owe the original to the kindness of
the editor of the Athenæum, in the pages of which it was printed.
8
Emerson to Carlyle.
the History. He says, that the duty is the same
on books in sheets and books in boards; and
desires, therefore, that the books may come out
bound. You bind yours in cloth? Put up his in
the same style as those for your market, only a lit-
tle more strongly than is the custom with London
books, as it will only cost a little more. He would
be glad also to have his name added in the title-
page (London: Published by J. Fraser; and Boston:
by C. C. Little and James Brown, 112 Washington
St.), or is not this the right way? He only said
he should like to have his name added. He threat-
ens to charge me 20 per cent commission. If,
as he computes from your hint of 2/7, the work
costs you, say, 70 cents per copy, unbound; he
reckons it at a dollar, when bound; then 75 cents
duty in Boston, $1.75. He thinks we cannot set
a higher price on it than $3.50, because we sold
our former edition for $2.50. On that price, his
commissions would be 70 cents; and $1.05 per
copy will to you. If when we see the book, we
venture to put a higher price on it, your remainder
shall be more. I confess, when I set this forth on
paper, it looks as bad as your English trade,
barefaced 20 per cent; but their plea is, We guar-
antee the sales; we advertise; we pay you when
this
Emerson to Carlyle.
9
it is sold, though we give our customers six months'
credit. I have made no final bargain with the
man, and perhaps before the books arrive I shall be
better advised, and may get better terms from him.
Meantime, give me the best advice you can; and
despatch the books with all speed, and if you send
six hundred, I think, we will sell them.
once.
•
I went to the Athenæum, aud procured the Fra-
sers' and will print the Novelle and the Mährchen
at the end of the Fourth Volume, which has been
loitering under one workman for a week or two
past, awaiting this arrival. Now we will finish at
Cruthers and Jonson I read gladly. It is
indispensable to such as would see the fountains
of Nile: but I incline to what seems your opinion,
that it will be better in the final edition of your
Works than in this present First Collection of them.
I believe I could find more matter now of yours if
we should be pinched again. The Cat-Raphael?
and Mirabeau and Macaulay? Stearns Wheeler is
very faithful in his loving labor, has taken a
world of pains with the sweetest smile. We are
very fortunate in having him to friend. For the
Miscellanies once more, the two boxes containing
two hundred and sixty copies of the first series
went to sea in the "St. James," Captain Sebor,
-
Uor M
ΙΟ
Emerson to Carlyle.
addressed to Mr. Fraser.
(I hope rightly ad-
dressed; yet I saw a memorandum at Monroe's in
which he was named John Fraser.)
Arthur Buller has my hearty thanks for his good
and true witnessing. And now that our old advice
is indorsed by John Bull himself, you will believe
and come. Nothing can be better. As soon as the
lectures are over, let the trunks be packed. Only
my wife and my blessed sister dear, Elizabeth
Hoar, betrothed in better times to my brother
Charles, my wife and this lovely nun do say
that Mrs. Carlyle must come hither also; that it
will make her strong, and lengthen her days on the
earth, and cheer theirs also. Come and make a
home with me; and let us make a truth that is
better than dreams. From this farm-house of mine
you shall sally forth as God shall invite you, and
"lecture in the great cities." You shall do it by
proclamation of your own, or by the mediation of
a committee, which will readily be found. Wife,
mother, and sister shall nurse thy wife meantime,
and you shall bring your republican laurels home
so fast that she shall not sigh for the Old England.
Eyes here do sparkle at the very thought. And my
little placid Musketaquid River looked gayer to-day
in the sun. In very sooth and love, my friend, I
Emerson to Carlyle.
II
shall look for you in August. If aught that we
know not must forbid your wife at present, you will
still come. In October, you shall lecture in Bos-
ton; in November, in New York; in December, in
Philadelphia; in January, in Washington. I can
show you three or four great natures, as yet un-
sung by Harriet Martineau or Anna Jameson, that
content the heart and provoke the mind. And for
yourself, you shall be as cynical and headstrong
and fantastical as you can be.
I rejoice in what you say of better health and
better prospects. I was glad to hear of Milnes,
whose Poems already lay on my table when your
letter came.
Since the little Nature book is not
quite dead, I have sent you a few copies, and wish
you would offer one to Mr. Milnes with my respects.
I hope before a great while I may have somewhat
better to send him. I am ashamed that my little
books should be "quoted" as you say.
My affectionate salutations to Mrs. Carlyle, who
is to sanction and enforce all I have written on the
migration. In the prospect of your coming I feel
it to be foolish to write. I have very much to say
to you. But now only Good Bye.
R. W. EMERSON.
12
Carlyle to Emerson.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
CHELSEA, LONDON, 29 May, 1839.
MY DEAR EMERSON, - Your Letter, dated Boston,
20th April, has been here for some two weeks.
Miss Sedgwick, whom it taught us to expect in
"about a fortnight," has yet given no note of her-
self, but shall be right welcome whenever she
appears. Miss Martineau's absence (she is in
Switzerland this summer) will probably be a loss.
to the fair Pilgrim ; — which of course the rest of
us ought to exert ourselves to make good.
My Lectures are happily over ten days ago; with
"success" enough, as it is called; the only valuable
part of which is some £200, gained with great pain,
but also with great brevity:-economical respite
for another solar year! The people were bound-
lessly tolerant; my agitation beforehand was less
this year, my remorse afterwards proportionally
greater. There was but one moderately good Lec-
ture, the last, on Sansculottism, to an audience
mostly Tory, and rustling with the beautifulest
quality silks! Two things I find: first that I ought
to have had a horse; I had only three incidental
Carlyle to Emerson.
13
rides or gallops, hired rides; my horse Yankee is
never yet purchased, but it shall be, for I cannot
live, except in great pain, without a horse. It was
sweet beyond measure to escape out of the dust-
whirlpool here, and fly, in solitude, through the
ocean of verdure and splendor, as far as Harrow
and back again; and one's nerves were clear next
day, and words lying in one like water in a well.
But the second thing I found was, that extempore
speaking, especially in the way of Lecture, is an art
or craft, and requires an apprenticeship, which I
have never served. Repeatedly it has come into my
head that I should go to America, this very Fall,
and belecture you from North to South till I learn
it! Such a thing does lie in the bottom-scenes,
should hard come to hard; and looks pleasant
enough. On the whole, I say sometimes, I must
either begin a Book, or do it. Books are the lasting
thing; Lectures are like corn ground into flour;
there are loaves for to-day, but no wheat harvests
for next year. Rudiments of a new Book (thank
Heaven!) do sometimes disclose themselves in me.
Festina lente. It ought to be better than the French
Revolution; I mean better written. The greater
part of that Book, as I read proof-sheets of it in
these weeks, does nothing but disgust me. And yet
14
Carlyle to Emerson.
it was, as nearly as was good, the utmost that lay
in me.
I should not like to be nearer killed with
any other Book!-Books too are a triviality. Life
alone is great; with its infinite spaces, its everlast-
ing times, with its Death, with its Heaven and its
Hell. Ah me!
Wordsworth is here at present; a garrulous,
rather watery, not wearisome old man. There is
a freshness as of brooks and mountain breezes in
him; one says of him: Thou art not great, but
thou art genuine; well speed thou. Sterling is
home from Italy, recovered in health, indeed very
well could he but sit still. He is for Clifton, near
Bristol, for the next three months. I hear him
speak of some sonnet or other he means to address
to you as for me he knows well that I call his
verses timber toned, without true melody either in
thought, phrase or sound. The good John! Did
you ever see such a vacant turnip-lantern as that
Walsingham Goethe? Iconoclast Collins strikes his
wooden shoe through him, and passes on, saying
almost nothing. — My space is done! I greet the
little maidkin, and bid her welcome to this unutter-
able world. Commend her, poor little thing, to her
little Brother, to her Mother and Father; - Nature,
I suppose, has sent her strong letters of recommen-
Carlyle to Emerson.
15
dation, without our help, to them all. Where I
shall be in six weeks is not very certain; likeliest
in Scotland, whither our whole household, servant
and all, is pressingly invited, where they have pro-
vided horses and gigs. Letters sent hither will
still find me, or lie waiting for me, safe: but per-
haps the speediest address will be "Care of Fraser,
215 Regent Street." My Brother wants me to the
Tyrol and Vienna; but I think I shall not go.
Adieu, dear friend. It is a great treasure to me
that I have you in this world. My Wife salutes
you all.
Yours ever and ever,
T. CARLYLE.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
SCOTSBRIG, ECCLEFECHAN, 4 September, 1839.
DEAR EMERSON, A cheerful and right welcome
Letter of yours, dated 4th July, reached me here,
duly forwarded, some three weeks ago; I delayed
answering till there could some definite statement,
as to bales of literature shipped or landed, or other
matter of business forwarded a stage, be made. I
am here, with my Wife, rusticating again, these two
16
Carlyle to Emerson.
months; amid diluvian rains, Chartism, Teetotal-
ism, deficient harvest, and general complaint and
confusion; which not being able to mend, all that I
can do is to heed them as little as possible. "What
care I for the house? I am only a lodger." On the
whole, I have sat under the wing of Saint Swithin ;
uncheery, sluggish, murky, as the wettest of his
Days; hoping always, nevertheless, that blue
sky, figurative and real, does exist, and will demon-
strate itself by and by. I have been the stupidest
and laziest of men. I could not write even to you,
till some palpable call told me I must.
Yesternight, however, there arrives a despatch
from Fraser, apprising me that the American
Miscellanies, second cargo, are announced from
Portsmouth, and "will probably be in the River
to-morrow"; where accordingly they in all likeli-
hood now are, a fair landing and good welcome to
them! Fraser "knows not whether they are bound
or not"; but will soon know. The first cargo, of
which I have a specimen here, contented him ex-
tremely; only there was one fatality, the cloth of
the binding was multiplex, party-colored, some sets
done in green, others in red, blue, perhaps sky-
blue! Now if the second cargo were not multiplex,
party-colored, nay multiplex in exact concordance
Carlyle to Emerson.
17
with the first, as seemed almost impossible? —
Alas, in that case, one could not well predict the
issue! Seriously, it is a most handsome Book
you have made; and I have nothing to return but
thanks and again thanks. By the bye, if you do
print a small second edition of the First Portion, I
might have had a small set of errata ready: but
where are they? The Book only came into my
hand here a few days ago; and I have been whipt
from post to pillar without will of my own, without
energy to form a will! The only glaring error I
recollect at this moment is one somewhere in the
second article on Jean Paul: "Osion" (I think, or
some such thing) instead of "Orson": it is not
an original American error, but copied from the
English; if the Printer get his eye upon it, let
him rectify; if not, not, I deserve to have it stand
against me there. Fraser's joy, should the Books
prove either unbound or multiplex in the right
way, will be great and unalloyed; he calculates
on selling all the copies very soon. He has begun
reprinting Goethe's Wilhelm Meister too, the Ap-
prenticeship and Travels under one; and hopes to
remunerate himself for that by and by: whether
there will then remain any small peculium for me
is but uncertain; meanwhile I correct the press,
2
18
Carlyle to Emerson.
nothing doubting. One of these I call my best
Translation, the other my worst; I have read that
latter, the Apprenticeship, again in these weeks;
not without surprise, disappointment, nay, aversion
here and there, yet on the whole with ever new
esteem. I find I can pardon all things in a man
except purblindness, falseness of vision,
for,
indeed, does not that presuppose every other kind
of falseness?
But let me hasten to say that the French Revo-
lution, five hundred strong for the New England
market, is also, as Fraser advises, "to go to sea in
three days." It is bound in red cloth, gilt; a pretty
book, James says; which he will sell for twenty-
five shillings here; nay, the London brotherhood
have "subscribed" for one hundred and eighty at
once, which he considers great work. I directed
him to consign to Little and Brown in Boston the
property of the thing yours, with such phraseology
and formalities as they use in those cases.
I paid
him for it yesterday (to save discount) £95; that
is the whole cost to me, twenty or thirty pounds
more than was once calculated on. Do the best
with it you can, my friend; and never mind the
result. If the thing fail, as is likely enough, we
will simply quit that transport trade, and my ex-
Carlyle to Emerson.
19
وو
perience must be paid for. The Title-page was
"Boston: Charles C. Little and James Brown
then in a second line and smaller type, "London :
James Fraser"; to which arrangement James made
not the slightest objection, or indeed rather seemed
to like it. So much for trade matters: is it not
enough? I declare I blush sometimes, and wonder
where the good Emerson gets all his patience. We
shall be through the affair one day, and find some-
thing better to speak about than dollars and pounds.
And yet, as you will say, why not even of dollars?
Ah, there are leaden-worded [bills] of exchange I
have seen which have had an almost sacred char-
acter to me! Pauca verba.
Doubt not your new utterances are eagerly waited
for here; above all things the "Book" is what I
want to see. You might have told me what it was
about. We shall see by and by. A man that has
discerned somewhat, and knows it for himself, let
him speak it out, and thank Heaven. I pray that
they do not confuse you by praises; their blame
will do no harm at all. Praise is sweet to all men ;
and yet alas, alas, if the light of one's own heart
go out, bedimmed with poor vapors and sickly false
glitterings and flashings, what profit is it! Hap-
pier in darkness, in all manner of mere outward
20
Carlyle to Emerson.
darkness, misfortune and neglect, "so that thou
canst endure,” — which however one cannot to all
lengths. God speed you, my Brother! I hope
all good things of you; and wonder whether like
Phoebus Apollo you are destined to be a youth for-
ever. Sterling will be right glad to hear your
praises; not unmerited, for he is a man among
millions that John of mine, though his perpetual-
mobility wears me out at times. Did he ever write
to you? His latest speculation was that he should
and would; but I fancy it is among the clouds
again. I hear from him the other day, out of
Welsh villages where he passed his boyhood, &c.,
all in a flow of "lyrical recognition," hope, faith,
and sanguine unrest; I have even some thoughts
of returning by Bristol (in a week or so, that must
be), and seeing him. The dog has been reviewing
me, he says, and it is coming out in the next
Westminster! He hates terribly my doctrine of
"Silence." As to America and lecturing, I cannot
in this torpid condition venture to say one word.
Really it is not impossible; and yet lecturing is
a thing I shall never grow to like; still less lion-
izing, Martineau-ing: Ach Gott! My Wife sends
a thousand regards; she will never get across the
ocean, you must come to her; she was almost dead
Carlyle to Emerson.
21
crossing from Liverpool hither, and declares she
will never go to sea for any purpose whatsoever
again. Never till next time! My good old Mother
is here, my Brother John (home with his Duke
from Italy); all send blessings and affection to
you and yours. Adieu till I get to London.
Yours ever,
T. CARLYLE.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
CHELSEA, LONDON, 8 December, 1839.
What a time since we
MY DEAR EMERSON,
have written to one another! was it you that defal-
cated? Alas, I fear it was myself; I have had
a feeling these nine or ten weeks that you were
expecting to hear from me; that I absolutely could
not write. Your kind gift of Fuller's Eckermann ¹
was handed in to our Hackney coach, in Regent
Street, as we wended homewards from the railway
1 "Conversations with Goethe. Translated from the German of
Eckermann. By S. M. Fuller." Boston, 1839. This was the fourth
volume in the series of "Specimens of Foreign Standard Litera-
ture,” edited by George Ripley. The book has a characteristic
Preface by Miss Fuller, in which she speaks of Carlyle as "the only
competent English critic" of Goethe.
22
Carlyle to Emerson.
and Scotland, on perhaps the 8th of September
last; a welcome memorial of distant friends and
doings: nay, perhaps there was a Letter two weeks
prior to that: I am a great sinner! But the
truth is, I could not write; and now I can and
do it!
Our sojourn in Scotland was stagnant, sad; but
tranquil, well let alone, — an indispensable blessing
to a poor creature fretted to fiddle-strings, as I grow
to be in this Babylon, take it as I will. We had
eight weeks of desolate rain; with about eight days
bright as diamonds intercalated in that black mo-
notony of bad weather. The old Hills are the
same; the old Streams go gushing along as in past
years, in past ages; but he that looks on them is
no longer the same: and the old Friends, where
are they? I walk silent through my old haunts in
that country; sunk usually in inexpressible reflec-
tions, in an immeasurable chaos of musings and
mopings that cannot be reflected or articulated.
The only work I had on hand was one that would
not prosper with me: an Article for the Quarterly
Review on the state of the Working Classes here.
The thoughts were familiar to me, old, many years
old; but the utterance of them, in what spoken
dialect to utter them! The Quarterly Review was
Carlyle to Emerson.
23
not an eligible vehicle, and yet the eligiblest; of
Whigs, abandoned to Dilettantism and withered
sceptical conventionality, there was no hope at all;
the London-and-Westminster Radicals, wedded to
their Benthamee Formulas; and tremulous at their
own shadows, expressly rejected my proposal many
months ago: Tories alone remained; Tories I
often think have more stuff in them, in spite of
their blindness, than any other class we have; —
Walter Scott's sympathy with his fellow-creatures,
what is it compared with Sydney Smith's, with
a Poor Law Commissioner's! Well: this thing
would not prosper with me in Scotland at all; nor
here at all, where nevertheless I had to persist
writing; writing and burning, and cursing my des-
tiny, and then again writing. Finally the thing
came out, as an Essay on Chartism; was shown to
Lockhart, according to agreement; was praised
by him, but was also found unsuitable by him;
suitable to explode a whole fleet of Quarterlies into
sky-rockets in these times! And now Fraser pub-
lishes it himself, with some additions, as a little
Volume; and it will go forth in a week or two on
its own footing; and England will see what she has
to say to it, whether something or nothing; and
one man, as usual, is right glad that he has nothing
24
Carlyle to Emerson.
more to do with it. This is the reason why I could
not write. I mean to send you the Proof-sheets of
this thing, to do with as you see cause; there will
be but some five or six, I think. It is probable my
New England brothers may approve some portions
of it; may be curious to see it reprinted; you
ought to say Yes or No in regard to that. I think
I will send all the sheets together; or at farthest,
at two times.
Fraser, when we returned hither, had already
received his Miscellanies; had about despatched his
five hundred French Revolutions, insured and so
forth, consigned, I suppose, to your protection and
the proper booksellers; probably they have got over
from New York into your neighborhood before now.
Much good may they do you! The Miscellanies,
with their variegated binding, proved to be in per-
fect order; and are now all sold; with much regret
from poor James that we had not a thousand more
of them! This thousand he now sets about provid-
ing by his own industry, poor man; I am revising
the American copy in these days; the printer is to
proceed forthwith. I admire the good Stearns
Wheeler as I proceed; I write to him my thanks
by this post, and send him by Kennet a copy of
Goethe's Meister, for symbol of acknowledgment.
Carlyle to Emerson.
25
Another copy goes off for you, to the care of Little
and Company. Fraser has got it out two weeks
ago; a respectable enough book, now that the ver-
sion is corrected somewhat. Tell me whether you
dislike it less; what you do think of it? By the
bye, have you not learned to read German now? I
rather think you have. It is three months spent
well, if ever months were, for a thinking English-
man of this age. I hope Kennet will use more
despatch than he sometimes does. Thank Heaven
for these Boston Steamers they project! May the
Nereids and Poseidon favor them! They will bring
us a thousand miles nearer, at one step; by and by
we shall be of one parish after all.
During Autumn I speculated often about a Hegira
into New England this very year: but alas! my
horror of Lecturing continues great; and what else
is there for me to do there? These several years
I have had no wish so pressing as to hold my peace.
I begin again to feel some use in articulate speech;
perhaps I shall one day have something that I want
to utter even in your side of the water. We shall
see. Patience, and shuffle the cards. I saw no
more of Webster; did not even learn well where
he was, till lately I noticed in the Newspapers that
he had gone home again. A certain Mr. Brown
26
Carlyle to Emerson.
(I think) brought me a letter from you, not long
since; I forwarded him to Cambridge and Scotland :
a modest inoffensive man. He said he had never
personally met with Emerson. My Wife recalled
to him the story of the Scotch Traveller on the top
of Vesuvius: "Never saw so beautiful a scene in
the world!"-" Nor I," replied a stranger standing
there, "except once; on the top of Dunmiot, in
the Ochil Hills in Scotland.” "Good Heavens!
That is a part of my Estate, and I was never there!
I will go thither." Yes, do! We have seen no
other Transoceanic that I remember. We expect
your Book soon! We know the subject of your
Winter Lectures too; at least Miss Martineau
thinks she does, and makes us think so. Heaven
speed the work! Heaven send my good Emerson
a clear utterance, in all right ways, of the noble-
ness that dwells in him! He knows what silence
means; let him know speech also, in its season:
the two are like canvas and pigment, like dark-
ness and light-image painted thereon; the one
is essential to the other, not possible without the
other.
Poor Miss Martineau is in Newcastle-on-Tyne
this winter; sick, painfully not dangerously; with
a surgical brother-in-law. Her meagre didacticali-
Carlyle to Emerson.
27
ties afflict me no more; but also her blithe friendly
presence cheers me no more. We wish she were
back. This silence, I calculate, forced silence, will
do her much good. If I were a Legislator, I would
order every man, once a week or so, to lock his lips
together, and utter no vocable at all for four-and-
twenty hours: it would do him an immense benefit,
poor fellow.
Such racket and cackle of mere
hearsay and sincere-cant, grows at last entirely
deafening, enough to drive one mad, like the
voice of mere infinite rookeries answering your
voice! Silence, silence! Sterling sent you a
Letter from Clifton, which I set under way here,
having added the address. He is not well again,
the good Sterling; talks of Madeira this season
again but I hope otherwise. You of course read
his sublime "article"? I tell him it was-a thing
untellable!
Mr. Southey has fallen, it seems, into a mournful
condition: oblivion, mute hebetation, loss of all
faculty. He suffered greatly, nursing his former
wife in her insanity, for years till her relief by
death; suffered, worked, and made no moan; the
brunt of the task over, he sank into collapse in the
hands of a new wife he had just wedded. What
a lot for him; for her especially! The most excit-
Uor M
28
Carlyle to Emerson.
able but most methodic man I have ever seen.
Téλos! that is a word that awaits us all. I have
my brother here at present; though talking of Lis-
bon with his Buccleuchs. My Wife seems better
than of late winters. I actually had a Horse, nay
actually have it, though it has gone to the country
till the mud abate again! It did me perceptible
good; I mean to try it farther. I am no longer
so desperately poor as I have been for twelve
years back; sentence of starvation or beggary
seems revoked at last, a blessedness really very
considerable. Thanks, thanks! We send a thou-
sand regards to the two little ones, to the two
mothers. Valete nostrum memores.
T. CARLYLE.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
NEWBY, ANNAN, SCOTLAND, 18 August, 1841.
MY DEAR EMERSON, - Two days ago your Letter,
direct from Liverpool, reached me here; only fifteen
days after date on the other side of the Ocean: one
of the swiftest messengers that have yet come from
you. Steamers have been known to come, they
say, in nine days. By and by we shall visibly be,
Carlyle to Emerson.
29
what I always say we virtually are, members of
neighboring Parishes; paying continual visits to one
another. What is to hinder huge London from
being to universal Saxondom what small Mycale
was to the Tribes of Greece, a place to hold your
Ilavióviov in? A meeting of All the English ought
to be as good as one of All the Ionians ; and as
Homeric “equal ships" are to Bristol steamers, so,
or somewhat so, may New York and New Holland
be to Ephesus and Crete, with their distances, rela-
tions, and etceteras! Few things on this Earth
look to me greater than the Future of that Family
of Men.
It is some two months since I got into this
region; my Wife followed me with her maid and
equipments some five weeks ago. Newington
Lodge, when I came to inspect it with eyes, proved
to be too rough an undertaking: upholsterers, ex-
pense and confusion, the Cynic snarled, "Give
me a whole Tub rather! I want nothing but
shelter from the elements, and to be let alone of
all men." ""
After a little groping, this little fur-
nished cottage, close by the beach of the Solway
Frith, was got hold of: here we have been, in
absolute seclusion, for a month, no company but
the corn-fields and the everlasting sands and brine;
30
Carlyle to Emerson.
mountains, and thousand-voiced memories on all
hands, sending their regards to one, from the dis-
tance. Daily (sometimes even nightly!) I have
swashed about in the sea; I have been perfectly
idle, at least inarticulate; I fancy I feel myself
considerably sounder of body and of mind. Deeply
do I agree with you in the great unfathomable
meaning of a colloquy with the dumb Ocean, with
the dumb Earth, and their eloquence! A Legis-
lator would prescribe some weeks of that annually
as a religious duty for all mortals, if he could. A
Legislator will prescribe it for himself, since he
can! You too have been at Nantasket; my Friend,
this great rough purple sea-flood that roars under
my little garret-window here, this too comes from
Nantasket and farther, -swung hitherward by the
Moon and the Sun.
It cannot be said that I feel "happy" here, which
means joyful; — as far as possible from that. The
Cave of Trophonius could not be grimmer for one
than this old Land of Graves. But it is a sadness
worth any hundred "happinesses." N'en parlons
plus. By the way, have you ever clearly remarked
withal what a despicable function "view-hunting
is. Analogous to "philanthropy," "pleasures of
virtue," &c., &c. I for my part, in these singular
""
Carlyle to Emerson.
31
circumstances, often find an honestly ugly country
the preferable one. Black eternal peat-bog, or
these waste-howling sands with mews and sea-
gulls you meet at least no Cockney to exclaim,
"How charming it is!"
One of the last things I did in London was to
pocket Bookseller Brown's £38: a very honest-
looking man, that Brown; whom I was sorry I
could not manage to welcome better. You asked
in that Letter about some other item of business,
Munroe's or Brown's account to acknowledge?
something or other that I was to do: I only
remember vaguely that it seemed to me I had as
good as done it. Your Letter is not here now, but
at Chelsea.
Three sheets of the Essays lay waiting me at my
Mother's for correction; needing as good as none.
The type and shape is the same as that of late
Lectures on Heroes. Robson the Printer, who is
a very punctual intelligent man, a scholar withal,
undertook to be himself the corrector of the other
sheets. I hope you will find them "exactly con-
formable to the text, minus mere Typographical
blunders and the more salient American spellings
(labor for labour, &c.)." The Book is perhaps just
getting itself subscribed in these very days. It
•
32
Carlyle to Emerson.
should have been out before now: but poor Fraser
is in the country, dangerously ill, which perhaps
retards it a little; and the season, at any rate, is
at the very dullest. By the first conveyance I will
send a certain Lady two copies of it. Little danger
but the Edition will sell; Fraser knows his own
Trade well enough, and is as much a "desperado "
as poor Attila Schmelzle was! Poor James, I wish
he were well again; but really at times I am very
anxious about him. The Book will sell; will be
liked and disliked. Harriet Martineau, whom I
saw in passing hitherward, writes with her accus-
tomed enthusiasm about it. Richard Milnes too
is very warm. John Sterling scolds and kisses it
(as the manner of the man is), and concludes by
inquiring, whether there is any procurable Likeness
of Emerson? Emerson himself can answer. There
ought to be.
Good Heavens! Here came my Wife, all in
tears, pointing out to me a poor ship, just tumbled
over on a sand-bank on the Cumberland coast;
men still said to be alive on it,—a Belfast steamer
doing all it can to get in contact with it! Moments
are precious (say the people on the beach), the
flood runs ten miles an hour. Thank God, the
steamer's boat is out: "eleven men," says a per-
Emerson to Carlyle.
33
son with a glass, "are saved: it is an American
timber-ship, coming up without a Pilot." And
now in ten minutes more there lies the mel-
ancholy mass alone among the waters, wreck-boats
all hastening towards it, like birds of prey; the
poor Canadians all up and away towards Annan. —
What an end for my Letter, which nevertheless
must end! Adieu, dear Emerson. Address to
Chelsea next time. I can say no more.
Yours ever,
T. C.
EMERSON TO CARLYLE.¹
CONCORD, 29 June, 1845.
MY DEAR FRIEND, I grieve to think of my
slackness in writing, which suffers steamer after
steamer to go without a letter. But I have still
hoped, before each of the late packets sailed, that
I should have a message to send that would en-
force a letter. I wrote you some time ago of
Mr. Carey's liberal proposition in relation to your
Miscellanies. I wrote, of course, to Furness,
through whom it was made to me, accepting the
proposition; and I forwarded to Mr. Carey a letter
1 From the rough draft.
3
34
Emerson to Carlyle.
from me to be printed at the beginning of the
book, signifying your good-will to the edition, and
acknowledging the justice and liberality of the
publishers. I have heard no more from them, and
now, a fortnight since, the newspaper announces
the death of Mr. Carey. He died very suddenly,
though always an invalid and extremely crippled.
His death is very much regretted in the Philadel-
phia papers, where he bore the reputation of a most
liberal patron of good and fine arts. I have not
heard from Mr. Furness, and have thought I should
still expect a letter from him. I hope our corre-
spondence will stand as a contract which Mr. Carey's
representatives will feel bound to execute. They
had sent me a little earlier a copy of Mr. Sartain's
engraving from their water-color copy of Law-
rence's head of you. They were eager to have the
engraving pronounced a good likeness. I showed
it to Sumner, and Russell, and Theodore Parker,
who have seen you long since I had, and they shook
their heads unanimously and declared that D'Or-
say's profile was much more like.
I creep along the roads and fields of this town
as I have done from year to year. When my gar-
den is shamefully overgrown with weeds, I pull up
some of them. I prune my apples and pears. I
Emerson to Carlyle.
35
have a few friends who gild many hours of the
year. I sometimes write verses. I tell you with
some unwillingness, as knowing your distaste for
such things, that I have received so many applica-
tions from readers and printers for a volume of
poems that I have seriously taken in hand the
collection, transcription, or scription of such a vol-
ume, and may do the enormity before New Year's
day. Fear not, dear friend, you shall not have to
read one line. Perhaps I shall send you an official
copy, but I shall appeal to the tenderness of Jane
Carlyle, and excuse your formidable self, for the
benefit of us both. Where all writing is such a
caricature of the subject, what signifies whether
the form is a little more or less ornate and luxuri-
ous? Meantime, I think to set a few heads before
me, as good texts for winter evening entertain-
ments. I wrote a deal about Napoleon a few
months ago, after reading a library of memoirs.
Now I have Plato, Montaigne, and Swedenborg,
and more in the clouds behind. What news of
Naseby and Worcester ?
36
Carlyle to Emerson.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
CHELSEA, 11 November, 1845.
MY DEAR EMERSON,I have had two Letters
from you since I wrote any; the latest of them was
lying here for me when I returned, about three
weeks ago; the other I had received in Scotland:
it was only the last that demanded a special an-
swer;— which, alas, I meant faithfully to give it,
but did not succeed! With meet despatch I made
the Bookseller get ready for you a Copy of the un-
published Cromwell Book; hardly complete as yet,
it was nevertheless put together, and even some
kind of odious rudiments of a Portrait were bound
up with it; and the Packet inscribed with your
address was put into Wiley and Putnam's hands in
time for the Mail Steamer; - and I hope has duly
arrived? If it have not, pray set the Booksellers
a-hunting. Wiley and Putnam was the Carrier's
name; this is all the indication I can give, but
this, I hope, if indeed any prove needful, will be
enough. One may hope you have the Book already
in your hands, a fortnight before this reaches you,
a month before any other Copy can reach America.
In which case the Parcel, without any Letter, must
Carlyle to Emerson.
37
have seemed a little enigmatic to you! The reason
was this I miscounted the day of the month, un-
lucky that I was. Sitting down one morning with
full purpose to write at large, and all my tools
round me, I discover that it is no longer the third
of November; that it is already the fourth, and the
American Mail-Packet has already lifted anchor !
Irrevocable, irremediable! Nothing remained but
to wait for the 18th;- and now, as you see, to
take Time by the forelock,
know, he has none.
queue, as we all
My visit to Scotland was wholesome for me, tho'
full of sadness, as the like always is. Thirty years
mow away a Generation of Men. The old Hills,
the old Brooks and Houses, are still there; but the
Population has marched away, almost all; it is not
there any more. I cannot enter into light talk
with the survivors and successors; I withdraw
into silence, and converse with the old dumb crags
rather, in a melancholy and abstruse manner.
Thank God, my good old Mother is still there; old
and frail, but still young of heart; as young and
strong there, I think, as ever. It is beautiful to
see affection survive where all else is submitting
to decay; the altar with its sacred fire still burn-
ing when the outer walls are all slowly crumbling ;
38
Carlyle to Emerson.
material Fate saying, " They are mine!"—I read
some insignificant Books; smoked a great deal of
tobacco; and went moping about among the hills
and hollow water-courses, somewhat like a shade
in Hades. The Gospel which this World of Fact
does preach to one differs considerably from the
sugary twaddle one gets the offer of in Exeter-Hall
and other Spouting-places! Of which, in fact, I am
getting more and more weary; sometimes really
impatient. It seems to me the reign of Cant and
Spoonyism has about lasted long enough. Alas, in
many respects, in this England I too often feel
myself sorrowfully in a "minority of one"; - if
in the whole world, it amount to a minority of two
that is something! These words of Goethe often
come into my mind, "Verachtung ja Nicht-ach-
tung.” Lancashire, with its Titanic Industries,
with its smoke and dirt, and brutal stupor to all
but money and the five mechanical Powers, did
not excite much admiration in me; considerably
less, I think, than ever!
the cards!
Patience, and shuffle
The Book on Cromwell is not to come out till
the 22d of this month. For many weeks it has
been a real weariness to me; my hope, always dis-
appointed, that now is the last time I shall have
Carlyle to Emerson.
39
any trade with it. Ever since I began writing,
there has been an Engraver here, requiring new
indoctrination, poor fellow! Nay, in about ten
days it must be over: let us not complain. I feel
it well to be worth nothing, except for the little
fractions or intermittent fits of pious industry there
really were in it; and my one wish is that the hu-
man species would be pleased to take it off my
hands, and honestly let me hear no more about it!
If it please Heaven, I will rest awhile still, and then
try something better.
In three days hence, my Wife and I are off to the
Hampshire coast for a winter visit to kind friends
there, if in such a place it will prosper long with
us. The climate there is greatly better than ours ;
they are excellent people, well affected to us; and
can be lived with, though of high temper and ways!
They are the Lord Ashburtons, in fact; more prop-
erly the younger stratum of that house; partly a
kind of American people, who know Waldo Em-
erson, among other fine things, very well! I think
we are to stay some three weeks: the bustle of
moving is already begun.
You promise us a new Book soon? Let it be
soon, then. There are many persons here that will
welcome it now. To one man here it is ever as an
40
Carlyle to Emerson.
articulate voice amid the infinite cackling and caw-
ing. That remains my best definition of the effect
it has on me. Adieu, my friend.
you and your Household always.
Good be with
Vale.
T. C.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
CHELSEA, 3 January, 1846.
DEAR EMERSON, -I received your Letter 1 by the
last Packet three or four days ago: this is the last
day of answering, the monthly Packet sails towards
you again from Liverpool to-morrow morning; and
I am in great pressure with many writings, else-
whither and thither: therefore I must be very
brief. I have just written to Mr. Hart of Philadel-
phia; his Draft (as I judge clearly by the Banker's
speech and silence) is accepted, all right; and in
fact, means money at this time: for which I have
written to thank him heartily. Do you very heart-
ily thank Mr. Furness for me; - Furness and vari-
ous friends, as Transatlantic matters now are, must
accept a silent gratitude from me. The speech of
men and American hero-worshippers is grown such
1 Missing.
Carlyle to Emerson.
4I
a babblement in very truth, silence is the thing
that chiefly has meaning, there or here.....
To my very great astonishment, the Book Crom-
well proves popular here; and there is to be another
edition very soon. Edition with improvements
for some fifty or so of new (not all insignificant)
Letters have turned up, and I must try to do some-
thing rational with them; -with which painful
operation I am again busy. It will make the two
volumes about equal perhaps, — which will be one
benefit! If any American possibility lie in this,
I will take better care of it.
got one word with you yet!
Lectures; — of all things.
Alas, I have not
Tell me of your
Ever yours,
T. CARLYLE.
We returned from Hampshire exactly a week
ago; never passed six so totally idle weeks in our
lives. Better in health a little? Perhaps.
42
Carlyle to Emerson.
A
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
CHELSEA, 3 February, 1846.
DEAR EMERSON, - One word to you before the
Packet sail; on business of my own, once
more; in such a state of haste as could hardly
be greater. The Printers are upon me, and I have
not a moment.
Contrary to all human expectation, this Book on
Cromwell proves salable to mankind here, and a
second Edition is now going forward with all speed.
The publication of the First has brought out from
their recesses a new heap of Cromwell Letters;
which have been a huge embarrassment to me;
for they are highly unimportant for most part, and
do not tend to alter or materially modify anything.
Some Fifty or Sixty new Letters in all (many of
them from Printed Books that had escaped me):
the great majority, with others yet that may come
in future time, I determine to print simply as an
Appendix; but several too, I think about twenty
in all, are to be fitted into the Text, chiefly in the
early part of the First Volume, as tending to bring
some matters into greater clearness there. I am
busy with that even now; sunk deep into the Dust-
Carlyle to Emerson.
43
abysses again! Of course I have made what pro-
vision I could for printing a Supplement, &c. to the
possessors of the First Edition: but I find this
Second will be the Final standing Edition of the
Book; decidedly preferable to the First; not to be
touched by me again, except on very good cause
indeed. New letters, except they expressly con-
tradict me, shall go at once into the back apart-
ment, or Appendix, in future.
The Printers have sent me some five or six
sheets, they send me hitherto a sheet daily; but
perhaps there are not above three or two in a per-
fect state: so I trouble you with none of them by
this Packet. But by next Packet (3d of March),
unless I hear to the contrary, I will send you all
the Sheets that are ready; and so by the following
Packets, till we are out of it; that you, on the
scene there, may do with them once for all whatso-
ever you like. If nothing can be done with them,—
believe me I shall be very glad of that result. But
if you can so much as oblige any honest Bookseller
of your or my acquaintance by the gift of them, let
it be done; let Pirates and ravenous Bipeds of
Prey be excluded from participating: that of itself
will be a comfortable and a proper thing! - You
are hereby authorized to promulgate in any way you
44
Carlyle to Emerson.
please, That the Second Edition will be augmented,
corrected, as aforesaid; and that Mr. (Any Son of
Adam you please to name) is, so far as I have any
voice in the matter, appointed by me, to the exclu-
sion of all and sundry others on what pretext soever,
to print and vend the same to my American Friends.
And so it stands; and the Sheets (probably near
thirty in number) will be out with the March
Packet: and if nothing can come of it, I for
one shall be very glad! The Book is to be in
Three Volumes now; the first ends at p. 403,
Vol. I.; the third begins at p. 155, Vol. II., of
the present edition.
What are you doing? Write to me: how the
Lectures went, how all things went and go! We
are over head and ears in Anti-Corn-Law here; the
Aristocracy struck almost with a kind of horror at
sight of that terrible Millocracy, rising like a huge
hideous Frankenstein up in Lancashire, - seem-
ingly with boundless ready-money in its pocket,
and a very fierce humor in its stomach! To me
it is as yet almost uglier than the Aristocracy;
and I will not fire guns when this small victory is
gained; I will recommend a day of Fasting rather,
that such a victory required such gaining.
Adieu, my Friend. Is it likely we shall meet in
Carlyle to Emerson.
45
"Oregon" think you? That would be a beautiful
affair, on the part of the most enlightened Nation!
Yours ever,
T. CARLYLE.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
CHELSEA, 3 March, 1846.
DEAR EMERSON,—I must write you a word be-
fore this Packet go, tho' my haste is very great.
I received your two Newspapers (price only two-
pence); by the same Ship there came, and reached
me some days later, a Letter from Mr. Everett en-
closing the Cromwell portions of the same printed-
matter, clipt out by scissors; written, it appeared,
by Mr. Everett's nephew; some of whose remarks,
especially his wish that I might once be in New
England, and see people "praying," amused me
much! The Cotton Letter, &c., I have now got to
the bottom of; Birch's copy is in the Museum here,
a better edition than I had. Of "Leverett and
the other small American Documents- alas, I get
cartloads of the like or better tumbled down at my
door, and my chief duty is to front them resolutely
with a shovel. "Ten thousand tons ” is but a small
""
46
Carlyle to Emerson.
estimate for the quantity of loose and indurated
lumber I have had to send sounding, on each hand
of me, down, down to the eternal deeps, never to
trouble me more! The jingle of it, as it did at
last get under way, and go down, was almost my
one consolation in those unutterable operations. -
I am again over head and ears; but shall be out
soon: never to return more.
By this Packet, according to volunteer contract,
there goes out by the favor of your Chapman a
number of sheets, how many I do not exactly
know, of the New Edition: Chapman First and
Chapman Second (yours and mine) have under-
taken to manage the affair for this month and for
the following months; - many thanks to them
both for taking it out of my hands. What you
are to do with the Article you already know. If no
other customer present himself, can you signify to
Mr. Hart of Philadelphia that the sheets are much
at his service, his conduct on another occasion
having given him right to such an acknowledgment
from me? Or at any rate, you will want a new
Copy of this Book; and can retain the sheets for
that object. Enough of them.
From Mr. Everett I learn that your Boston Lec-
tures have been attended with renown enough:
Carlyle to Emerson.
47
when are the Lectures themselves to get to print?
I read, last night, an Essay on you, by a kind of
"Young Scotland," as we might call it, in an Edin-
burgh Magazine; very fond of you, but shocked
that you were Antichristian : really not so bad.
The stupidities of men go crossing one another;
and miles down, at the bottom of all, there is a
little veinlet of sense found running at last!
If you see Mr. Everett, will you thank him for
his kind remembrance of me, till I find leisure (as
I have vainly hoped to-day to do) to thank him
more in form. A dignified, compact kind of man;
whom I remember with real pleasure.
Jargon abounds in our Newspapers and Parlia-
ment Houses at present;- with which "the pres-
ent Editor," and indeed I think the Public at large,
takes little concern, beyond the regret of being
bored by it. The Corn-Laws are going very quietly
the way of all deliriums; and then there will at
least be one delirium less, and we shall start upon
new ones.
Not a word more to-day, but my blessings and
regards. God be with you and yours always.
Ever your affectionate
T. CARLYLE.
48
Carlyle to Emerson.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
CHELSEA, 18 April, 1846.
DEAR EMERSON,-Your two Letters 1 have both
come to hand, the last of them only three days ago.
One word in answer before the Packet sail; one
very hasty word, rather than none.
You have made the best of Bargains for me;
once again, with the freest contempt of trouble on
my behalf; which I cannot sufficiently wonder at!
Apparently it is a fixed-idea of yours that the Bib-
liopolic Genus shall not cheat me; and you are
decided to make it good.
in as far as the Fates will.
Very well: let it be so,
Certainly I will conform in all points to this
Wiley-and-Putnam Treaty, and faithfully observe
the same. The London Wileys have not yet sent
me any tidings; but when they do, I will say Your
terms on the other side of the sea are the Law to
us, and it is a finished thing. -No sheets, I think,
will go by this mid-month Packet, the Printer and
Bookseller were bidden not mind that: but by the
Packet of May 3d, I hope the Second Volume will
go complete; and, if the Printers make speed,
1 Missing.
Carlyle to Emerson.
49
almost the whole remainder may go by the June one.
There is to be a " Supplement to the First Edition,”
containing all the new matter that is separable :
of this too the Wileys shall have their due Copy to
reprint: it is what I could do to keep my faith
with purchasers of the First Edition here; but, on
the whole, there will be no emulating of the Second
Edition except by a reprint of the whole of it,
changes great and small have had to introduce
themselves everywhere, as these new Letters were
woven in. I hope before May 3d I shall have
ascertained whether it will not be the simplest way
(as with my present light it clearly appears) to give
the sheets direct to the Wiley and Putnam here,
and let them send them? In any case, the cargo
shall come one way or other.
Furthermore,—Yes, you shall have that sun-
shadow, a Daguerrotype likeness, as the sun shall
please to paint it: there has often been talk of get-
ting me to that establishment, but I never yet could
go. If it be possible, we will have this also ready
for the 3d of May. Provided you, as you promise,
go and do likewise! A strange moment that, when
I look upon your dead shadow again; instead of
the living face, which remains unchanged within
me, enveloped in beautiful clouds, and emerging
4
50
Carlyle to Emerson.
now and then into strange clearness! Has your
head grown grayish? On me are "gray hairs here
and there," and I do "know it." I have lived
half a century in this world, fifty years complete
on the 4th of December last: that is a solemn fact
for me! Few and evil have been the days of the
years of thy servant, few for any good that was
ever done in them. Ay de mi!
Within late weeks I have got my Horse again;
go riding through the loud torrent of vehiculatory
discords, till I get into the fields, into the green
lanes; which is intrinsically a great medicine to me.
Most comfortless riding it is, with a horse of such
kangaroo disposition, till I do get to the sight of
my old ever-young green-mantled mother again;
but for an hour there, it is a real blessing to me.
I have company sometimes, but generally prefer
solitude, and a dialogue with the trees and clouds.
Alas, the speech of men, especially the witty-speech
of men, is oftentimes afflictive to me: "in the wide
Earth," I say sometimes with a sigh," there is none
but Emerson that responds to me with a voice
wholly human!" All "Literature" too is become
I cannot tell you how contemptible to me. On the
whole, one's blessedness is to do as Oliver: Work
while the sun is up; work well as if Eternities
Carlyle to Emerson.
51
-
depended on it; and then sleep, — if under the
guano-mountains of Human Stupor, if handsomely
forgotten all at once, that latter is the handsome
thing! I have often thought what W. Shakspeare
would say, were he to sit one night in a "Shak-
speare Society," and listen to the empty twaddle
and other long-eared melody about him there! —
Adieu, my Friend. I fear I have forgotten many
things at all events, I have forgotten the inexo-
rable flight of the minutes, which are numbered out
to me at present.
Ever yours,
T. CARLYLE.
I think I recognize the Inspector of Wild-beasts,
in the little Boston Newspaper you send !1 A small
hatchet-faced, gray-eyed, good-humored Inspector,
who came with a Translated Lafontaine, and took
his survey not without satisfaction? Comfortable
too how rapidly he fathomed the animal, having
just poked him up a little. Ach Gott! Man is
forever interesting to men;- and all men, even
Hatchet-faces, are globular and complete!
1 This probably refers to a letter of Mr. Elizur Wright's, describ-
ing a visit to Carlyle.
52
Carlyle to Emerson.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
CHELSEA, 30 April, 1846.
DEAR EMERSON,- Here is the Photograph going
off for you by Bookseller Munroe of Boston; the
Sheets of Cromwell, all the second and part of the
last volume, are to go direct to New York: both
Parcels by the Putnam conveyance. For Putnam
has been here since I wrote, making large confir-
mations of what you conveyed to me; and large
Proposals of an ulterior scope, - which will in-
volve you in new trouble for me. But it is trouble
you will not grudge, inasmuch as it promises to
have some issue of moment; at all events the ne-
gotiation is laid entirely into your hands: there-
fore I must with all despatch explain to you the
essentials of it, that you may know what Wiley
says when he writes to you from New York.
Mr. Putnam, really a very intelligent, modest,
and reputable-looking little fellow, got at last to
sight of me about a week ago; -explained with
much earnestness how the whole origin of the mis-
take about the First Edition of Cromwell had lain
with Chapman, my own Bookseller (which in fact
Carlyle to Emerson.
53
I had already perceived to be the case); and farther
set forth, what was much more important, that he
and his Partner were, and had been, ready and
desirous to make good said mistake, in the amplest,
most satisfactory manner, — by the ready method
of paying me now ten per cent on the selling-price
of all the copies of Cromwell sent into the market
by them; and had (as I knew already) covenanted
with you to do so, in a clear, bonâ-fide, and to you
satisfactory manner, in regard to that First Edi-
tion: in consequence of which you had made a
bargain with them of like tenor in regard to the
Second. To all which I could only answer, that
such conduct was that of men of honor, and would,
in all manner of respects, be satisfactory to me.
Wherefore the new Sheets of Cromwell should now
go by his Package direct to New York, and the
other little Parcel for you he could send to Mun-
roe: that as one consequence? "Yes, surely,"
intimated he; but there were other consequences,
of more moment, behind that.
Namely, that they wanted (the Wiley & Putnam
house did) to publish certain other Books of mine,
the List of which I do not now recollect; under
similar conditions: viz. that I was to certify, in a
line or two prefixable to each Book, that I had read
54
Carlyle to Emerson.
it over in preparation for their Printer, and did au-
thorize them to print and sell it; - in return for
which Ten per cent on the sale-price (and all man-
ner of facilities, volunteered to convince even Clark
of Boston, the Lynx-eyed Friend now busy for me
looking through millstones, that all was straight,
and said Ten per cent actually paid on every copy
sold); This was Putnam's Offer, stated with all
transparency, and in a way not to be misunderstood
by either of us.
To which I answered that the terms seemed clear
and square and every way good, and such as I
could comply with heartily, so far as I was at
liberty, but not farther. Not farther: for example,
there was Hart of Philadelphia (I think the Wileys
do not want the Miscellanies), there were Munroe,
Little and Brown, &c. ; in short, there was
R. W. Emerson, who knew in all ways how far I
was free and not free, and who would take care of
my integrity and interest at once, and do what was
just and prudent; and to him I would refer the
whole question, and whatever he engaged for, that
and no other than that I would do. So that you
see how it is, and what a coil you have again got
into! Mr. Putnam would have had some "Letter,"
some "exchange of Letters," to the effect above-
Carlyle to Emerson.
55
stated but I answered, "It was better we did not
write at all till the matter was clear and liquid
with you, and then we could very swiftly write,
and act. I would apprise you how the matter
stood, and expect your answer, and bid you cove-
nant with Mr. Wiley what you found good, prompt
I to fulfil whatever you undertook for me."-This
is a true picture of the affair, the very truest I
can write in haste; and so I leave it with you -
Ach Gott!
If your Photograph succeed as well as mine, I
shall be almost tragically glad of it. This of me is
far beyond all pictures; really very like: I got
Lawrence the Painter to go with me, and he would
not let the people off till they had actually made a
likeness. My Wife has got another, which she as-
serts to be much "more amiable-looking," and even
liker! O my Friend, it is a strange Phantasma-
gory of a Fact, this huge, tremendous World of ours,
Life of ours! Do you bethink you of Craigenput-
tock, and the still evening there? I could burst
into tears, if I had that habit: but it is of no use.
The Cromwell business will be ended about the
end of May,— I do hope!
1
1 The engraved portrait in the first volume of this Correspondence
is from a photograph taken from this daguerrotype.
56
Carlyle to Emerson.
You say not a word of your own affairs: I
have vaguely been taught to look for some Book
shortly ; — what of it? We are well, or tolerably
well, and the summer is come: adieu. Blessings
on you and yours.
T. C.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
CHELSEA, 18 June, 1846.
DEAR EMERSON,I have had two letters of yours,
the last of them (31st May) only two days, and
have seen a third written to Wiley of New York.
Yesterday Putnam was here, and we made our bar-
gain, — and are to have it signed this day at his
Shop: two copies, one of which I mean to insert
along with this, and give up to your or E. P. Clark's
keeping. For, as you will see, I have appointed
Clark my representative, economic plenipotentiary
and factotum, if he will consent to act in that sub-
blime capacity, — subject always to your advice, to
your control in all ultra-economic respects, of which
you alone are cognizant of the circumstances or
competent to give a judgment. Pray explain this
with all lucidity to Mr. Clark: and endeavor to
Carlyle to Emerson.
57
impress upon him that it is (to all appearance) a
real affair of business we are now engaged in; that
I would have him satisfy his own sharp eyes (by
such methods as he finds convenient and sufficient,
by examination at New York or how he can) that
the conditions of this bargain are fairly complied
with by the New York Booksellers, who promise
66
every facility for ascertaining how many copies
are printed," &c., &c.; and profess to be of the
integrity of Israelites indeed, in all respects what-
ever! If so, it may be really useful to us. And I
would have Mr. Clark, if he will allow me to look
upon him as my man of business in this affair, take
reasonable pains, be at any reasonable expense, &c.
(by himself or by deputy) to ascertain that it is so
in very fact! In that case, if something come of
it, we shall get the something and be thankful; if
nothing come of it, we shall have the pleasure of
caring nothing about it. I have given Putnam
two Books (Heroes and Sartor) ready, corrected;
the others I think will follow in the course of next
month; F. Revolution waits only for an Index
which my man is now busy with. The Cromwell,
Supplement and all, he has now got, published
two days ago, after sorrowful delays. Your Copy
will be ready this afternoon, too late, I fear, by
58
Carlyle to Emerson.
just one day it will lie, in that case, for a fort-
night, and then come. Wiley will find that he has
no resource but to reprint the Book; he will re-
print the Supplement too, in justice to former pur-
chasers; but this is the final form of the Book,
this second edition; and to this all readers of it
will come at last.
We expect the Daguerrotype by next Steamer;
but you take good care not to prepossess us on its
behalf! In fact, I believe, the only satisfactory
course will be to get a Sketch done too; if you
have any Painter that can manage it tolerably, pray
set about that, as the true solution of the business
-out of the two together we shall make a likeness
for ourselves that will do. Let the Lady Wife
be satisfied with it; then we shall pronounce it
genuine! -
I envy you your forest-work, your summer um-
brages, and clear silent lakes. The weather here
is getting insupportable to us for heat. Indeed, if
rain do not come within two weeks, I believe we
must wind up our affairs, and make for some shady
place direct: Scotland is perhaps likeliest; but
nothing yet is fixed: you shall duly hear. - Directly
after this, I set off for Putnam's in Waterloo
Place; sign his paper there; stick one copy under
Carlyle to Emerson.
59
a cover for you, and despatch. Send me word.
about all that you are doing and thinking.
Be
busy, be still and happy.
Yours ever,
T. CARLYLE.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
CHELSEA, 18 December, 1846.
DEAR EMERSON,- This is the 18th of the month,
and it is a frightful length of time, I know not how
long, since I wrote to you, sinner that I am!
Truly we are in no case for paying debts at pres-
ent, being all sick more or less, from the hard cold
weather, and in a state of great temporary puddle:
but, as the adage says, "one should own debt, and
crave days"; — therefore accept a word from me,
such as it may be.
I went, as usual, to the North Country in the
Autumn; passed some two extremely disconsolate
months, for all things distress a wretched thin-
skinned creature like me,-in that old region,
which is at once an Earth and a Hades to me, an
unutterable place, now that I have become mostly
a ghost there! I saw Ireland too on my return,
60
Carlyle to Emerson.
saw black potato-fields, a ragged noisy population,
that has long in a headlong baleful manner fol-
lowed the Devil's leading, listened namely to blus-
tering shallow-violent Impostors and Children of
Darkness, saying, "Yes, we know you, you are
Children of Light!" and so has fallen all out at
elbows in body and in soul; and now having lost
its potatoes is come as it were to a crisis; all its
windy nonsense cracking suddenly to pieces under
its feet a very pregnant crisis indeed! A coun-
try cast suddenly into the melting-pot, -say into
the Medea's-Caldron; to be boiled into horrid dis-
solution; whether into new youth, into sound healthy
life, or into eternal death and annihilation, one
does not yet know! Daniel O'Connell stood bodily
before me, in his green Mullaghmart Cap; ha-
ranguing his retinue of Dupables: certainly the
most sordid Humbug I have ever seen in this world;
the emblem to me, he and his talk and the worship
and credence it found, of all the miseries that can be-
fall a Nation. I also conversed with Young Ireland
in a confidential manner; for Young Ireland, really
meaning what it says, is worth a little talk: the
Heroism and Patriotism of a new generation; well-
ing fresh and new from the breasts of Nature; and
already poisoned by O'Connellism and the Old Irish
Carlyle to Emerson.
61
atmosphere of bluster, falsity, fatuity, into
knows not what. Very sad to see. On the whole,
no man ought, for any cause, to speak lies, or have
anything to do with lies; but either hold his
tongue, or speak a bit of the truth: that is the
meaning of a tongue, people used to know!
Ireland was not the place to console my sorrows.
I returned home very sad out of Ireland; and
indeed have remained one of the saddest, idlest,
most useless of Adam's sons ever since; and do
still remain so. I care not to write anything more,
so it seems to me at present. I am in my va-
cant interlunar cave (I suppose that is the truth);
-and I ought to wrap my mantle round me, and
lie, if dark, silent also. But, alas, I have wasted
almost all your poor sheet first!
Miss Fuller came duly as you announced; was
welcomed for your sake and her own.
A high-
soaring, clear, enthusiast soul; in whose speech
there is much of all that one wants to find in
speech. A sharp, subtle intellect too; and less
of that shoreless Asiatic dreaminess than I have
sometimes met with in her writings. We liked
one another very well, I think, and the Springs too
were favorites. But, on the whole, it could not be
concealed, least of all from the sharp female intel-

1
62
Carlyle to Emerson.
lect, that this Carlyle was a dreadfully heterodox,
not to say a dreadfully savage fellow, at heart; be-
lieving no syllable of all that Gospel of Fraternity,
Benevolence, and new Heaven-on-Earth, preached
forth by all manner of "advanced" creatures, from
George Sand to Elihu Burritt, in these days; that
in fact the said Carlyle not only disbelieved all
that, but treated it as poisonous cant, - sweetness
of sugar-of-lead, - a detestable phosphorescence
from the dead body of a Christianity, that would
not admit itself to be dead, and lie buried with all
its unspeakable putrescences, as a venerable dead
one ought! Surely detestable enough. To all
which Margaret listened with much good nature;
though of course with sad reflections not a few. 1-
She is coming back to us, she promises. Her dia-
lect is very vernacular, extremely exotic in the
London climate. If she do not gravitate too ir-
resistibly towards that class of New-Era people
(which includes whatsoever we have of prurient,'
esurient, morbid, flimsy, and in fact pitiable and
unprofitable, and is at a sad discount among men
of sense), she may get into good tracks of inquiry
1 Miss Fuller's impressions of Carlyle, much to this effect, may
be found in the "Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Ossoli,” Boston,
1852, Vol. II. pp. 184–190.
Emerson to Carlyle.
63
and connection here, and be very useful to herself
and others. I could not show her Alfred (he has
been here since) nor Landor: but surely if I can I
will, that or a hundred times as much as that,
when she returns.
collecting your Poems. Well, though I do not ap-
prove of rhyme at all, yet it is impossible Emerson
in rhyme or prose can put down any thought that
was in his heart but I should wish to get into
mine. So let me have the Book as fast as may be.
And do others like it if you will take circumbend-
ibuses for sound's sake! And excuse the Critic
who seems to you so unmusical; and say, It is the
nature of beast! Adieu, dear Friend: write
They tell me you are about
to me, write to me.
Yours ever,
T. CARLYLE.
EMERSON TO CARLYLE.¹
CONCORD, May [?], 1852.
You make me happy with your loving thoughts
and meanings towards me. I have always thanked
the good star which made us early neighbors, in
1 From an imperfect rough draft.
64
Emerson to Carlyle.
some sort, in time and space. And the beam is
twice warmed by your vigorous good-will, which
has steadily kept clear, kind eyes on me.
If
It is good to be born in good air and outlook,
and not less with a civilization, that is, with one
poet still living in the world. O yes, and I feel all
the solemnity and vital cheer of the benefit.
only the mountains of water and of land and the
steeper mountains of blighted and apathized moods
would permit a word to pass now and then. It is
very fine for you to tax yourself with all those in-
compatibilities. I like that Thor should make
comets and thunder, as well as Iduna apples, or
Heimdal his rainbow bridge, and your wrath and
satire has all too much realism in it, than that we
can flatter ourselves by disposing of you as partial
and heated. Nor is it your fault that you do a
hero's work, nor do we love you less if we cannot
help you in it. Pity me, O strong man! I am of a
puny constitution half made up, and as I from child-
hood knew, not a poet but a lover of poetry, and
poets, and merely serving as writer, &c. in this
empty America, before the arrival of the poets.
You must not misconstrue my silences, but thank
me for them all, as a true homage to your diligence
which I love to defend.
Emerson to Carlyle.
65
She ¹ had such reverence and love for Landor
that I do not know but at any moment in her
natural life she would have sunk in the sea, for an
ode from him; and now this most propitious cake
is offered to her Manes. The loss of the notes of
Browning and of Mazzini, which you confirm, as-
tonishes me.
EMERSON TO CARLYLE.
CONCORD, 10 August, 1853.
MY DEAR CARLYLE, -Your kindest letter, whose
date I dare not count back to,—perhaps it was May,
I have just read again, to be deeply touched
by its noble tragic tone of goodness to me, not
without new wonder at my perversity, and terror
at what bolt may be a-forging to strike me. My
slowness to write is a distemper that reaches all
my correspondence, and not that with you only,
though the circumstance is not worth stating,
because, if I ceased to write to all the rest, there
would yet be good reason for writing to you. I
believe the reason of this recusancy is the fear
of disgusting my friends, as with a book open
1 Margaret Fuller. The break in continuity is in the rough
draft.
5
66
Emerson to Carlyle.
always at the same page. For I have some ex-
periences, that my interest in thoughts, and to
an end, perhaps, only of new thoughts and thinking,
-outlasts that of all my reasonable neighbors,
and offends, no doubt, by unhealthy pertinacity.
But though rebuked by a daily reduction to an
absurd solitude, and by a score of disappointments
with intellectual people, and in the face of a special
hell provided for me in the Swedenborg Universe,
I am yet confirmed in my madness by the scope
and satisfaction I find in a conversation once or
twice in five years, if so often; and so we find or
pick what we call our proper path, though it be
only from stone to stone, or from island to island,
in a very rude, stilted and violent fashion. With
such solitariness and frigidities, you may judge
I was glad to see Clough here, with whom I had
established some kind of robust working-friendship,
and who had some great permanent values for me.
Had he not taken me by surprise and fled in a
night, I should have done what I could to block
his way. I am too sure he will not return. The
first months comprise all the shocks of disappoint-
ment that are likely to disgust a new-comer.
sphere of opportunity opens slowly, but to a man
of his abilities and culture, -rare enough here,—
The
Emerson to Carlyle.
67
with the sureness of chemistry. The Giraffe enter-
ing Paris wore the label, "Eh bien, messieurs, il
n'y a qu'une bête de plus!" and Oxonians are
cheap in London; but here, the eternal economy
of sending things where they are wanted makes a
commanding claim. Do not suffer him to relapse
into London. He had made himself already cor-
dially welcome to many good people, and would
have soon made his own place. He had just estab-
lished his valise at my house, and was to come-
the gay deceiver-once a fortnight for his Sun-
day; and his individualities and his nationalities
are alike valuable to me. I beseech you not to
commend his unheroic retreat.
I have lately made one or two drafts on your
goodness, which I hate to do, both because you
meet them so generously, and because you never
give me an opportunity of revenge, and mainly
in the case of Miss Bacon, who has a private
history that entitles her to high respect, and who
could be helped only by facilitating her Shak-
speare studies, in which she has the faith and ardor
of a discoverer. Bancroft was to have given her
letters to Hallam, but gave one to Sir H. Ellis.
Everett, I believe, gave her one to Mr. Grote; and
when I told her what I remembered hearing of
68
Emerson to Carlyle.
Spedding, she was eager to see him; which access
I knew not how to secure, except through you.
She wrote me that she prospers in all things, and
had just received at once a summons to meet
Spedding at your house. But do not fancy that I
send any one to you heedlessly; for I value your
time at its rate to nations, and refuse many more
letters than I give. I shall not send you any more
people without good reason.
Your visit to Germany will stand you in stead,
when the annoyances of the journey are forgotten,
and, in spite of your disclaimers, I am preparing
to read your history of Frederic. You are an
inveterate European, and rightfully stand for your
polity and antiquities and culture: and I have
long since forborne to importune you with America,
as if it were a humorous repetition of Johnson's
visit to Scotland. And yet since Thackeray's ad-
venture, I have often thought how you would bear
the pains and penalties; and have painted out
your march triumphal. I was at New York, lately,
for a few days, and fell into some traces of Thack-
eray, who has made a good mark in this country
by a certain manly blurting out of his opinion in
various companies, where so much honesty was
rare and useful. I am sorry never once to have
Emerson to Carlyle.
69
been in the same town with him whilst he was
here. I hope to see him, if he comes again. New
York would interest you, as I am told it did him;
The "society
The "society" there is
its own; it has a con-
very modest opinion of
you both less and more.
at least self-pleased, and
tempt of Boston, and a
London. There is already all the play and fury
that belong to great wealth. A new fortune drops
into the city every day; no end is to palaces, none
to diamonds, none to dinners and suppers. All
Spanish America discovers that only in the U.
States, of all the continent, is safe investment;
and money gravitates therefore to New York. The
Southern naphtha, too, comes in as an ingredient,
and lubricates manners and tastes to that degree,
that Boston is hated for stiffness, and excellence
in luxury is rapidly attained. Of course, dining,
dancing, equipaging, etc. are the exclusive beati-
tudes, and Thackeray will not cure us of this
distemper. Have you a physician that can? Are
you a physician, and will you come? If you will
come, cities will go out to meet you.
And now I see I have so much to say to you that
I ought to write once a month, and I must begin at
this point again incontinently. Ever yours,
R. W. EMERSON.
70
Emerson to Carlyle.
EMERSON TO CARLYLE.¹
CONCORD, 1 May, 1859.
DEAR CARLYLE, Some three weeks ago came
to me a note from Mr. Haven of Worcester, an-
nouncing the arrival there of "King Friedrich,"
and, after a fortnight, the good book came to my
door. A week later, your letter arrived. I was
heartily glad to get the crimson Book itself. I
had looked for it with the first ships. As it came
not, I had made up my mind to that hap also. It
was quite fair: I had disentitled myself. He, the
true friend, had every right to punish me for my
sluggish contumacy, — backsliding, too, after peni-
tence. So I read with resignation our blue Ameri-
can reprint, and I enclose to you a leaf from my
journal at the time, which leaf I read afterwards in
one of my lectures at the Music Hall in Boston.
But the book came from the man himself. He did
not punish me. He is loyal, but royal as well, and,
1 This letter and the Extract from the Diary are printed from a
copy of the original supplied to me by the kindness of Mr. Alexan-
der Ireland, who first printed a portion of the letter in his "Ralph
Waldo Emerson, a Biographical Sketch," London, 1882.
One or
two words missing in the copy are inserted from the rough draft,
which, as usual, varies in minor points from the letter as sent.
Emerson to Carlyle.
71
I have always noted, has a whim for dealing en
grand monarque. The book came, with its irresist
ible inscription, so that I am all tenderness and all
but tears. The book too is sovereignly written. I
think you the true inventor of the stereoscope, as
having exhibited that art in style, long before we
had heard of it in drawing.
The letter came also. Every child of mine knows
from far that handwriting, and brings it home with
speed. I read without alarm the pathetical hints
of your sad plight in the German labyrinth. I
know too well what invitations and assurance
brought you in there, to fear any lack of guides
to bring you out. More presence of mind and easy
change from the microscopic to the telescopic view
does not exist. I await peacefully your issue from
your pretended afflictions.
What to tell you of my coop and byre? Ah!
you are a very poor fellow, and must be left with
your glory. You hug yourself on missing the illu-
sion of children, and must be pitied as having one
glittering toy the less. I am a victim all my days
to certain graces of form and behavior, and can
never come into equilibrium. Now I am fooled by
my own young people, and grow old contented.
The heedless children suddenly take the keenest
72
Emerson to Carlyle.
hold on life, and foolish papas cling to the world
on their account, as never on their own. Out of
sympathy, we make believe to value the prizes of
their ambition and hope. My two girls, pupils
once or now of Agassiz, are good, healthy, appre-
hensive, decided young people, who love life. My
boy divides his time between Cicero and cricket,
knows his boat, the birds, and Walter Scott-
verse and prose, through and through,—and will
go to College next year. Sam Ward and I tickled
each other the other day, in looking over a very
good company of young people, by finding in
the new comers a marked improvement on their
parents. There, I flatter myself, I see some
emerging of our people from the prison of their
politics. The insolvency of slavery shows and
stares, and we shall perhaps live to see that
putrid Black-vomit extirpated by mere dying
and planting.
I am so glad to find myself speaking once more
to you, that I mean to persist in the practice. Be
as glad as you have been. You and I shall not
know each other on this platform as long as we
have known. A correspondence even of twenty-
five years should not be disused unless through
some fatal event. Life is too short, and, with all
Emerson to Carlyle.
73
ነ
our poetry and morals, too indigent to allow such
sacrifices. Eyes so old and wary, and which have
learned to look 1 on so much, are gathering an
hourly harvest, and I cannot spare what on noble
terms is offered me.
With congratulations to Jane Carlyle on the
grandeur of the Book,
Yours affectionately,
R. W. EMERSON.
EXTRACT FROM DIARY.2
HERE has come into the country, three or four
months ago, a History of Frederick, infinitely the
wittiest book that ever was written, a book that
one would think the English people would rise up
in mass and thank the author for, by cordial ac-
clamation, and signify, by crowning him with oak-
leaves, their joy that such a head existed among
them, and sympathizing and much-reading America
would make a new treaty or send a minister ex-
traordinary to offer congratulation of honoring
1 "Shut" in rough draft.
2 In the first edition, this extract was printed from the original
Diary; in copying it to send to Carlyle, some changes were made
in it.
74
Emerson to Carlyle.
delight to England, in acknowledgment of this
donation, a book holding so many memorable
and heroic facts, working directly on practice ;
with new heroes, things unvoiced before; - the
German Plutarch (now that we have exhausted the
Greek and Roman and British Plutarchs), with a
range, too, of thought and wisdom so large and so
elastic, not so much applying as inosculating to
every need and sensibility of man, that we do not
read a stereotype page, rather we see the eyes of
the writer looking into ours, mark his behavior,
humming, chuckling, with under-tones and trum-
pet-tones and shrugs, and long-commanding glan-
ces, stereoscoping every figure that passes, and
every hill, river, road, hummock, and pebble in the
long perspective. With its wonderful new system
of mnemonics, whereby great and insignificant men
are ineffaceably ticketed and marked and modelled
in memory by what they were, had, and did; and
withal a book that is a Judgment Day, for its
moral verdict on the men and nations and manners
of modern times.
And this book makes no noise; I have hardly
seen a notice of it in any newspaper or journal, and
you would think there was no such book. I am
not aware that Mr. Buchanan has sent a special
Emerson to Carlyle.
75
messenger to Great Cheyne Row, Chelsea, or that
Mr. Dallas has been instructed to assure Mr. Car-
lyle of his distinguished consideration. But the
secret wits and hearts of men take note of it, not
the less surely. They have said nothing lately in
praise of the air, or of fire, or of the blessing of
love, and yet, I suppose, they are sensible of these,
and not less of this book, which is like these.
EMERSON TO CARLYLE.
MY DEAR CARLYLE,
CONCORD, 16 April, 1860.
Can booksellers break the
seal which the gods do not, and put me in com-
munication again with the loyalest of men? On
the ground of Mr. Wight's honest proposal to give
you a benefit from his edition,' I, though unwilling,
allowed him to copy the Daguerre of your head.
The publishers ask also some expression of your
good will to their work. .
I commend you to the gods who love and up-
1 Mr. O. W. Wight, of New York, an upright "able editor," who
had just made arrangements for the publication of a very satisfac-
tory edition of Carlyle's Miscellaneous Essays.
76
Emerson to Carlyle.
hold you, and who do not like to make their great
gifts vain, but teach us that the best life-insurance
is a great task. I hold you to be one of those to
whom all is permitted, and who carry the laws
in their hand. Continue to be good to your old
friends. "Tis no matter whether they write to
you or not. If not, they save your time. When
Friedrich is once despatched to gods and men,
there was once some talk that you should come
to America! You shall have an ovation such,
and on such sincerity, as none have had. Ever
affectionately yours,
R. W. EMERSON.
I do not know Mr. Wight, but he sends his open
letter, which I fear is already old, for me to write
in: and I will not keep it, lest it lose another
steamer.
EMERSON TO CARLYLE.
CONCORD, 10 April, 1871.
MY DEAR FRIEND,-I fear there is no pardon
from you, none from myself, for this immense new
gap in our correspondence. Yet no hour came
from month to month to write a letter, since what-
Emerson to Carlyle.
77
ever deliverance I got from one web in the last
year served only to throw me into another web as
pitiless. Yet what gossamer these tasks of mine
must appear to your might! Believe that the
American climate is unmanning, or that one Amer-
ican whom you know is severely taxed by Lilliput
labors. The last hot summer enfeebled me till my
young people coaxed me to go with Edward to the
White Hills, and we climbed or were dragged up
Agiocochook, in August, and its sleet and snowy
air nerved me again for the time. But the book-
sellers, whom I had long ago urged to reprint
Plutarch's Morals, claimed some forgotten prom-
ise, and set me on reading the old patriarch
again, and writing a few pages about him, which
no doubt cost me as much time and pottering as
it would cost you to write a History. Then an
"Oration" was due to the New England Society in
New York, on the 250th anniversary of the Ply-
mouth Landing, -as I thought myself familiar
with the story, and holding also some opinions
thereupon. But in the Libraries I found alcoves
full of books and documents reckoned essential;
and, at New York, after reading for an hour to
the great assembly out of my massy manuscript,
I refused to print a line until I could revise and
78
Emerson to Carlyle.
complete my papers;- risking, of course, the non-
sense of their newspaper reporters. This pill swal-
lowed and forgotten, it was already time for my
Second "Course on Philosophy" at Cambridge,
which I had accepted again that I might repair the
faults of the last year. But here were eighteen
lectures, each to be read sixteen miles away from
my house, to go and come, and the same work
and journey twice in each week, — and I have just
got through the doleful ordeal. I have abundance
of good readings and some honest writing on the
leading topics, but in haste and confusion they
are misplaced and spoiled. I hope the ruin of no
young man's soul will here or hereafter be charged
to me as having wasted his time or confounded
his reason.
Now I come to the raid of a London bookseller,
Hotten, (of whom I believe I never told you,) on
my forgotten papers in the old Dials, and other
pamphlets here. Conway wrote me that he could
not be resisted,-would certainly steal good and
bad, but might be guided in the selection. I
replied that the act was odious to me, and I prom-
ised to denounce the man and his theft to any
friends I might have in England; but if, instead
of printing then, he would wait a year, I would
Emerson to Carlyle.
79
#
make my own selection, with the addition of some
later critical papers, and permit the book. Mr.
Ireland in Manchester, and Conway in London,
took the affair kindly in hand, and Hotten acceded
to my change. And that is the next task that
threatens my imbecility. But now, ten days ago
or less, my friend John M. Forbes has come to
me with a proposition to carry me off to California,
the Yosemite, the Mammoth trees, and the Pacific,
and, after much resistance, I have surrendered for
six weeks, and we set out to-morrow. And hence
this sheet of confession, that I may not drag
a lengthening chain. Meantime, you have been
monthly loading me with good for evil. I have just
counted twenty-three volumes of Carlyle's Library
Edition, in order on my shelves, besides two, or
perhaps three, which Ellery Channing has bor-
rowed. Add, that the precious Chapman's Homer
came safely, though not till months after you had
told me of its departure, and shall be guarded
henceforward with joy.
Wednesday, 13, Chicago.—Arrived here and can
bring this little sheet to the post-office here. My
daughter Edith Forbes, and her husband William
H. Forbes, and three other friends, accompany me,
and we shall overtake Mr. Forbes senior to-morrow
at Burlington, Iowa.
80
Emerson to Carlyle.
The widow of one of the noblest of our young
martyrs in the War, Col. Lowell,¹ cousin [nephew]
of James Russell Lowell, sends me word that she
wishes me to give her a note of introduction to you,
confiding to me that she has once written a letter
to you which procured her the happiest reply from
you, and I shall obey her, and you will see her and
own her rights.
Still continue to be magnanimous to your friend,
R. W. EMERSON.
¹ Charles Russell Lowell, to be remembered always with honor
in company with his brother James Jackson Lowell and his cousin
William Lowell Putnam, a shining group among the youths who
have died for their country.
BENJAMIN H. TICKNOR. THOMAS B. TICKNOR.
AND
GEORGE F. Godfrey.

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The prices named below are subject to revision on publication.
THE HOLIDAY BOOK OF THE SEASON.
BYRON'S CHILDE HAROLD.
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A few
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&
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gained; " and lastly that Vondel's drama, "Samson," has considerable
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IN PRESS:
JAPANESE HOMES AND THEIR SURROUND-
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CHOSÖN: THE LAND OF THE MORNING CALM.
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LIFE AND WORKS OF MRS. CLEMMER.
AN AMERICAN WOMAN'S LIFE AND WORK.
A Memorial of Mary Clemmer, by EDMUND HUDSON, with Portrait.
POEMS OF LIFE AND NATURE.
HIS TWO WIVES.
MEN, WOMEN, AND THINGS.
augmented.
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20
A List of Books Published by
IN PRESS:
LIFE AND LETTERS OF HENRY WADSWORTH
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A SEA CHANGE; or, Love's Stowaway.
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THE YOUNG PEOPLE'S
PEOPLE'S TENNYSON. Students'
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SELECT POEMS OF TENNYSON.
Second Part.
Students' Edition. Edited, with Notes and Introduction, by W. J. Rolfe.
1 vol. 16mo. Beautifully illustrated. 75 cents.
SONGS AND BALLADS OF THE OLD PLANTA-
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A NEW AND ENLARGED CONCORDANCE TO
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THE
MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BOSTON,
In Four Volumes. Quarto.
With more than 500 Illustrations by famous artists and engravers, all
made for this work.
Edited by JUSTIN WINSOR, LIBRARIAN OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
Among the contributors are : —
Gov. JOHN D. LONG,
Hon. CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS,
Rev. PHILLIPS BROOKS, D.D.,
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Hon. ROBERT C. WINTHROP,
Hon. J. HAMMOND TRUMBULL,
Admiral G. H. PREBLE,
Dr. O. W. HOLMES,
JOHN G. WHITTIER,
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Rev. A. P. PEABODY, D.D.,
Col. T. W. HIGGINSON,
Professor Asa Gray,
Gen. F. W. PALFREY,
HENRY CABOT LODGE.
VOLUME I. treats of the Geology, Fauna, and Flora; the Voyages and Maps of
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22
A List of Books Published by
THE STUDENTS' SERIES OF
STANDARD POETRY.
EDITED BY W. J. ROLFE, A.M.
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Price 75 cents each.
I. SCOTT'S LADY OF THE LAKE.
The text is correctly printed for the first time in fifty years. The notes
(88 pp.) include Scott's and Lockhart's, and are fuller than in any other
edition, English or American. The illustrations are mainly of the scenery
of the poem, from sketches made on the spot.
II. TENNYSON'S THE PRINCESS.
The notes (50 pp.) give the history of the poem, all the readings of the
earlier editions, selected comments by the best English and American
critics, full explanations of all allusions, &c. The illustrations are from
the elegant Holiday edition.
III. SELECT POEMS OF TENNYSON.
Including the Lady of Shalott, the Miller's Daughter, Enone, the Lotos-
Eaters, The Palace of Art, A Dream of Fair Women, Morte d'Arthur, The
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explanatory and critical comments. The illustrations are of high char-
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IV. SCOTT'S MARMION.
With copious Notes and introductory matter. The text is now correctly
printed for the first time.
V. THE YOUNG PEOPLE'S TENNYSON. (IN PRESS.)
VI. SELECT POEMS OF TENNYSON. SECOND PART. (IN PRESS.)
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23
THE CHOICEST EDITIONS
OF THE
FIVE GREAT MODERN POEMS.
Drawn and engraved under the care of A. V. S. ANTHONY. Each in
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Each poem, in cloth, $6.00; in tree calf, or antique morocco, $10.00;
in crushed levant, extra, with silk linings, $25.00. Copiously illustrated
after drawings by Thomas Moran, E. H. Garrett, Harry Fenn, A. B.
Frost, and other distinguished artists.
CHILDE HAROLD.
The choicest gift-book of 1885. With more than 100 noble Illustra-
tions, of great artistic value and beauty, representing the splendid
scenery and architecture of the Rhine, Greece, Italy, etc.
THE PRINCESS.
The most famous poem of ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON.
new and beautiful Illustrations.
With 120
"The most superb book of the season. The exquisite binding makes a fit
casket for Tennyson's enchanting 'Princess.' ” — - Hartford Journal.
THE LADY OF THE
LAKE.
A superb fine-art edition, with 120 Illustrations. The choicest edition
of Scott's wonderful poem of Scottish chivalry.
"On page after page are seen the great dome of Ben-an rising in mid-air, huge
Ben-venue throwing his shadowed masses upon the lakes, and the long heights of
Ben Lomond hemming the horizon.” - Atlantic Monthly.
LUCILE.
By OWEN MEREDITH. With 160 Illustrations.
The high peaks of the Pyrenees, the golden valleys of the Rhineland,
and the battle-swept heights of the Crimea.
"This new edition is simply perfect paper, type, printing, and especially the
illustrations, - a most charming Christmas gift.' American Literary
Churchman.
MARMION.
With more than 100 Illustrations, and Borders.
"Wild Scottish beauty. Never had a poem of stately and immortal beauty a
more fitting setting." — Chicago Inter-Ocean.
For Sale by Booksellers. Sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the
Publishers,
TICKNOR AND COMPANY, Boston.
1
THE
AMERICAN ARCHITECT
AND BUILDING NEWS.
An Illustrated Weekly Journal of Architecture and the Building Trades.
Each number is accompanied by six fine quarto illustrations, while
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addresses itself primarily to architects and builders, by its discussions
upon matters of interest common to those engaged in building pursuits,
it is the object of the editors to make it acceptable and necessary to
that large portion of the educated classes who are interested in and
appreciate the importance of good architectural surroundings, to civil
and sanitary engineers, draughtsmen, antiquaries, craftsmen of all kinds,
and all intelligent readers.
As an indication of the feeling with which this journal is regarded
by the profession, we quote the following extract from a report of a com-
mittee of the American Institute of Architects upon "American Archi-
tectural Journals":
"At Boston, Mass., is issued the AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND BUILDING
NEWS, a weekly of the first class, and, it must be acknowledged, the only
journal in this country that can compare favorably with the great London
architectural publications. It is very liberally illustrated with full-page litho-
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occasional views of celebrated European buildings. Once a month a fine gelatine
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scholarly, courteous, and, at the same time, independent tone, and its selections
made with excellent judgment. It is the accepted exemplar of American archi-
tectural practice, and is found in the office of almost every architect in the
Union."— April 15, 1885.
·
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